U.S. patent application number 13/586147 was filed with the patent office on 2012-12-06 for 5-anilinoimidazopyridines and methods of use.
This patent application is currently assigned to Genentech, Inc.. Invention is credited to Robert Heald, Joanne Frances Mary Hewitt, Wendy Lee, Stephen Price, Mark E. Zak.
Application Number | 20120309765 13/586147 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40350172 |
Filed Date | 2012-12-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120309765 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Price; Stephen ; et
al. |
December 6, 2012 |
5-ANILINOIMIDAZOPYRIDINES AND METHODS OF USE
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of inhibiting abnormal cell
growth or treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal
comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective
amount of an imidazopyridine of formula I with
anti-hyperproliferative activity. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
Price; Stephen; (Harlow,
GB) ; Heald; Robert; (Harlow, GB) ; Lee;
Wendy; (San Ramon, CA) ; Zak; Mark E.; (San
Mateo, CA) ; Hewitt; Joanne Frances Mary; (Harlow,
GB) |
Assignee: |
Genentech, Inc.
South San Francisco
CA
|
Family ID: |
40350172 |
Appl. No.: |
13/586147 |
Filed: |
August 15, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13041735 |
Mar 7, 2011 |
8288408 |
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13586147 |
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12432529 |
Apr 29, 2009 |
7923456 |
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13041735 |
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PCT/US2008/087482 |
Dec 18, 2008 |
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12432529 |
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61015129 |
Dec 19, 2007 |
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61054014 |
May 16, 2008 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/249 ;
514/300 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 19/02 20180101;
A61P 43/00 20180101; A61P 29/00 20180101; C07D 471/04 20130101;
C07D 401/04 20130101; A61P 35/00 20180101; C07D 235/00 20130101;
C07D 487/04 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/249 ;
514/300 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/437 20060101
A61K031/437; A61P 29/00 20060101 A61P029/00; A61P 35/00 20060101
A61P035/00; A61K 31/4985 20060101 A61K031/4985 |
Claims
1. A method of treating an inflammatory disease in a mammal
comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound according to formula I: ##STR00124## and salts
thereof, wherein: Z.sup.1 is CR.sup.1 or N; R.sup.1 is H,
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, halo, CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2, CN, OR.sup.A or
NR.sup.AR.sup.A; R.sup.1' is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, halo,
CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2, CN, OR.sup.A, or NR.sup.AR.sup.A; wherein each
R.sup.A is independently H or C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; Z.sup.2 is
CR.sup.2 or N; Z.sup.3 is CR.sup.3 or N; provided that only one of
Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 can be N at the same time; R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 are independently selected from H, halo, CN, CF.sub.3,
--OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.13C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12SO.sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOP(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R.sup.4
is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.4 carbocyclyl; Y is
W--C(O)-- or W'; W is ##STR00125## R.sup.5 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.12
alkyl; X.sup.1 is selected from R.sup.11' and --OR.sup.11'; when
X.sup.1 is R.sup.11', X.sup.1 is optionally taken together with
R.sup.5 and the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form a 4-7
membered saturated or unsaturated ring having 0-2 additional
heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein said ring is
optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo,
CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, oxo,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.18C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.17SO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17, and
R.sup.21; each R.sup.11' is independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.12
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl,
carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R.sup.11, R.sup.12
and R.sup.13 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, carbocyclyl,
heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12
together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 3-8,
membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring having 0-2
heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein said ring is
optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo,
CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OH,
--SH, --O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --S(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NH.sub.2, --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --CO.sub.2H,
--CO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2,
--SO.sub.2NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)NH.sub.2, --OC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--OC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --NHC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), and
--N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl); R.sup.14
and R.sup.15 are independently selected from H, C.sub.1-C.sub.12
alkyl, aryl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl; W' is
##STR00126## wherein ##STR00127## is ##STR00128## each X.sup.2 is
independently O, S, or NR.sup.9; each R.sup.7 is independently
selected from H, halo, CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y') R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y') NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.13C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12SO.sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOP(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; each
R.sup.8 is independently selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl,
aryl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl; R.sup.9 is
selected from H, --(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qSR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.13C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.12SO.sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOC(.dbd.Y') R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOP(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOP(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R.sup.10
is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.4 carbocyclyl; X.sup.4
is ##STR00129## R.sup.6 is H, halo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, carbocyclyl,
heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2,
--Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16, or
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.n--SR.sup.16; R.sup.6' is H, halo,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, carbocyclyl, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3,
--NO.sub.2, --Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.n--SR.sup.16, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; p is 0,
1, 2 or 3; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; q is 2 or 3; wherein each said alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl of
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.6',
R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.11', R.sup.12,
R.sup.13, R.sup.14, R.sup.15 and R.sup.A is independently
optionally substituted with one or more groups independently
selected from halo, CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, oxo,
--Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.18C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.17SO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17, and
R.sup.21; each R.sup.16, R.sup.17 and R.sup.18 is independently H,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein
said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or
heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more groups
selected from halo, CN, --OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OH, --SH, --O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--S(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NH.sub.2, --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), CO.sub.2H,
--CO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2,
--SO.sub.2NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)NH.sub.2, --OC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--OC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --NHC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), and
--N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl); or R.sup.16
and R.sup.17 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached
form a 3-8 membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring having
0-2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein said ring is
optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo,
CN, --OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OH,
--SH, --O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --S(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NH.sub.2, --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --CO.sub.2H,
--CO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2,
--SO.sub.2NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)NH.sub.2, --OC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--OC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --NHC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), and
--N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl); R.sup.19
and R.sup.20 are independently selected from H, C.sub.1-C.sub.12
alkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n-aryl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n-carbocyclyl,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.n-heterocyclyl, and --(CH.sub.2).sub.n-heteroaryl;
R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or
heteroaryl, wherein each member of R.sup.21 is optionally
substituted with one or more groups selected from halo, oxo, CN,
--OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OH,
--SH, --O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --S(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NH.sub.2, --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --CO.sub.2H,
--CO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl),
--NHC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NHSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, --SO.sub.2NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2
, --OC(O)NH.sub.2, --OC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--OC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --NHC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), and
--N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl); each Y' is
independently O, NR.sup.22, or S; and R.sup.22 is H or
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl.
2. The method of claim 1 where the compound of formula I is
selected from the group consisting of:
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-hydroxyethoxy)-amide;
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid ((R)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-amide;
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-amide;
5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-hydroxyethoxy)-amide;
5-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-amide;
5-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-8-fluoro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbox-
ylic acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-amide;
8-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide;
8-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid ((R)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-amide;
8-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-amide;
5-(2-fluoro-methanesulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide;
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide;
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-amide;
5-(4-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyli-
c acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide;
(R)--N-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a-
]pyrazine-6-carboxamide;
N-ethoxy-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxami-
de;
N-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyr-
azine-6-carboxamide;
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxami-
de;
5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)imidazo[1,5-a]pyra-
zine-6-carboxamide;
(S)-5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-hydroxy-propoxy)imidazo[1,5-a]py-
razine-6-carboxamide;
(R)-5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)imidazo[1,5--
a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide; and,
5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(cyclopropyl-methoxy)imidazo[1,5-a]pyra-
zine-6-carboxamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering to said
mammal an additional chemotherapeutic agent wherein said additional
chemotherapeutic agent is administered sequentially or
consecutively.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No.
13/041,735, filed Mar. 7, 2011 which is a divisional application of
U.S. Pat. No. 7,923,456, filed 29 Apr. 2009 which claims the
benefit of priority to international application number
PCT/US2008/087482 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/015,129, filed 19 Dec. 2007 and U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/054,014, filed 16 May 2008, the disclosures of
all are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to imidazopyridines with anti-cancer
activity and more specifically to imidazopyridines which inhibit
MEK kinase activity. The invention also relates to methods of using
the compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or
treatment of mammalian cells, or associated pathological
conditions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In the quest to understand how Ras transmits extracellular
growth signals, the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase (MAPK)
pathway has emerged as the crucial route between membrane-bound Ras
and the nucleus. The MAPK pathway encompasses a cascade of
phosphorylation events involving three key kinases, namely Raf, MEK
(MAP kinase kinase) and ERK (MAP kinase). Active GTP-bound Ras
results in the activation and indirect phosphorylation of Raf
kinase. Raf then phosphorylates MEK1 and 2 on two serine residues
(S218 and S222 for MEK1 and 5222 and 5226 for MEK2) (Ahn et al.,
Methods in Enzymology 2001, 332, 417-431). Activated MEK then
phosphorylates its only known substrates, the MAP kinases, ERK1 and
2. ERK phosphorylation by MEK occurs on Y204 and T202 for ERK1 and
Y185 and T183 for ERK2 (Ahn et al., Methods in Enzymology 2001,
332, 417-431). Phosphorylated ERK dimerizes and then translocates
to the nucleus where it accumulates (Khokhlatchev et al., Cell
1998, 93, 605-615). In the nucleus, ERK is involved in several
important cellular functions, including but not limited to nuclear
transport, signal transduction, DNA repair, nucleosome assembly and
translocation, and mRNA processing and translation (Ahn et al.,
Molecular Cell 2000, 6, 1343-1354). Overall, treatment of cells
with growth factors leads to the activation of ERK1 and 2 which
results in proliferation and, in some cases, differentiation (Lewis
et al., Adv. Cancer Res. 1998, 74, 49-139).
[0004] There has been strong evidence that genetic mutations and/or
overexpression of protein kinases involved in the MAP kinase
pathway lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and, eventually,
tumor formation, in proliferative diseases. For example, some
cancers contain mutations which result in the continuous activation
of this pathway due to continuous production of growth factors.
Other mutations can lead to defects in the deactivation of the
activated GTP-bound Ras complex, again resulting in activation of
the MAP kinase pathway. Mutated, oncogenic forms of Ras are found
in 50% of colon and >90% pancreatic cancers as well as many
others types of cancers (Kohl et al., Science 1993, 260,
1834-1837). Recently, bRaf mutations have been identified in more
than 60% of malignant melanoma (Davies, H. et al., Nature 2002,
417, 949-954). These mutations in bRaf result in a constitutively
active MAP kinase cascade. Studies of primary tumor samples and
cell lines have also shown constitutive or overactivation of the
MAP kinase pathway in cancers of pancreas, colon, lung, ovary and
kidney (Hoshino, R. et al., Oncogene 1999, 18, 813-822).
[0005] MEK has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in the
MAP kinase cascade pathway. MEK, downstream of Ras and Raf, is
highly specific for the phosphorylation of MAP kinase; in fact, the
only known substrates for MEK phosphorylation are the MAP kinases,
ERK1 and 2. Inhibition of MEK has been shown to have potential
therapeutic benefit in several studies. For example, small molecule
MEK inhibitors have been shown to inhibit human tumor growth in
nude mouse xenografts, (Sebolt-Leopold et al., Nature-Medicine
1999, 5 (7), 810-816); Trachet et al., AACR Apr. 6-10, 2002, Poster
#5426; Tecle, H. IBC 2.sup.nd International Conference of Protein
Kinases, Sep. 9-10, 2002), block static allodynia in animals (WO
01/05390 published Jan. 25, 2001) and inhibit growth of acute
myeloid leukemia cells (Mitella et al., J Clin Invest 2001, 108
(6), 851-859).
[0006] Several small molecule MEK inhibitors have also been
discussed in, for example, WO02/06213, WO 03/077855 and
WO03/077914. There still exists a need for new MEK inhibitors as
effective and safe therapeutics for treating a variety of
proliferative disease states, such as conditions related to the
hyperactivity of MEK, as well as diseases modulated by the MEK
cascade.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The invention relates generally to imidazopyridines of
formula I (and/or solvates, hydrates and/or salts thereof) with
anti-cancer and/or anti-inflammatory activity, and more
specifically with MEK kinase inhibitory activity. Certain
hyperproliferative and inflammatory disorders are characterized by
the modulation of MEK kinase function, for example by mutations or
overexpression of the proteins. Accordingly, the compounds of the
invention and compositions thereof are useful in the treatment of
hyperproliferative disorders such as cancer and/or inflammatory
diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
##STR00002##
[0008] and salts thereof, wherein:
[0009] Z.sup.1 is CR.sup.1 or N;
[0010] R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, halo, CF.sub.3,
CHF.sub.2, CN, OR.sup.A or NR.sup.AR.sup.A;
[0011] R.sup.1' is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, halo, CF.sub.3,
CHF.sub.2, CN, OR.sup.A, or NR.sup.AR.sup.A;
[0012] wherein each R.sup.A is independently H or C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkyl;
[0013] Z.sup.2 is CR.sup.2 or N;
[0014] Z.sup.3 is CR.sup.3 or N; provided that only one of Z.sup.1,
Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 can be N at the same time;
[0015] R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from H, halo,
CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y') R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.13C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12SO.sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOP(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
[0016] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.4
carbocyclyl;
[0017] Y is W--C(O)-- or W';
[0018] W is
##STR00003##
[0019] R.sup.5 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl;
[0020] X.sup.1 is selected from R.sup.11' and --OR.sup.11'; when
X.sup.1 is R.sup.11', X.sup.1 is optionally taken together with
R.sup.5 and the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form a 4-7
membered saturated or unsaturated ring having 0-2 additional
heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein said ring is
optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo,
CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, oxo,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19.sub.R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.n--SR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.18C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.17SO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.n SC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17 and
R.sup.21;
[0021] each R.sup.11' is independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, carbocyclyl,
heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0022] R.sup.11, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are independently H,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl,
[0023] or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached form a 3-8 membered saturated, unsaturated or
aromatic ring having 0-2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N,
wherein said ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups
selected from halo, CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OH, --SH, --O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--S(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NH.sub.2, --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --CO.sub.2H,
--CO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2,
--SO.sub.2NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)NH.sub.2, --OC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--OC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --NHC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), and
--N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl);
[0024] R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are independently selected from H,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, aryl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and
heteroaryl;
[0025] W' is
##STR00004##
wherein
##STR00005##
is
##STR00006##
[0026] each X.sup.2 is independently O, S, or NR.sup.9;
[0027] each R.sup.7 is independently selected from H, halo, CN,
CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y') R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.13C(.dbd.Y') NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.12SO.sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOP(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
[0028] each R.sup.8 is independently selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.12
alkyl, aryl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl;
[0029] R.sup.9 is selected from H,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qSR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.12C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.13C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qNR.sup.12SO.sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.11),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.qOP(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
[0030] R.sup.10 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.4
carbocyclyl;
[0031] X.sup.4 is
##STR00007##
[0032] R.sup.6 is H, halo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heteroaryl,
heterocyclyl, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, --Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16, or
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.n--SR.sup.16.sub.;
[0033] R.sup.6' is H, halo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, carbocyclyl,
CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, --Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.n--SR.sup.16, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0034] p is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
[0035] n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
[0036] q is 2 or 3;
[0037] wherein each said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl,
heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3,
R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.6', R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9,
R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.11', R.sup.12, R.sup.13, R.sup.14,
R.sup.15 and R.sup.A is independently optionally substituted with
one or more groups independently selected from halo, CN, CF.sub.3,
--OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, oxo, --Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16;
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup..noteq.C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.18C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.17SO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.n SC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17, and
R.sup.21;
[0038] each R.sup.16, R.sup.17 and R.sup.18 is independently H,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein
said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or
heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more groups
selected from halo, CN, --OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OH, --SH, --O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--S(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NH.sub.2, --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), CO.sub.2H,
--CO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2,
--SO.sub.2NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)NH.sub.2, --OC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--OC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --NHC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), and
--N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl);
[0039] or R.sup.16 and R.sup.17 together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached form a 3-8 membered saturated, unsaturated or
aromatic ring having 0-2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N,
wherein said ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups
selected from halo, CN, --OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OH, --SH, --O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--S(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NH.sub.2, --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --CO.sub.2H,
--CO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2,
--SO.sub.2NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)NH.sub.2, --OC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--OC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --NHC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), and
--N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl);
[0040] R.sup.19 and R.sup.20 are independently selected from H,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n-aryl,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.n-carbocyclyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n-heterocyclyl,
and --(CH.sub.2).sub.n-heteroaryl;
[0041] R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or
heteroaryl, wherein each member of R.sup.21 is optionally
substituted with one or more groups selected from halo, oxo, CN,
--OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OH,
--SH, --O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --S(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NH.sub.2, --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --CO.sub.2H,
--CO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2,
--SO.sub.2NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)NH.sub.2, --OC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--OC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --OC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2, --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)C(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2,
--NHC(O)NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), --NHC(O)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2, --NHC(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), and
--N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)C(O)O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl);
[0042] each Y' is independently O, NR.sup.22, or S; and
[0043] R.sup.22 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl.
[0044] The present invention includes a composition (e.g., a
pharmaceutical composition) comprising a compound of formula I
(and/or solvates, hydrates and/or salts thereof) and a carrier (a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier). The present invention also
includes a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition)
comprising a compound of formula I (and/or solvates, hydrates
and/or salts thereof) and a carrier (a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier), further comprising a second chemotherapeutic and/or a
second anti-inflammatory agent. The present compositions are useful
for inhibiting abnormal cell growth or treating a
hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal (e.g., human). The present
compositions are also useful for treating inflammatory diseases in
a mammal (e.g., human).
[0045] The present invention includes a method of inhibiting
abnormal cell growth or treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a
mammal (e.g., human) comprising administering to said mammal a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I (and/or
solvates and salts thereof) or a composition thereof, alone or in
combination with a second chemotherapeutic agent.
[0046] The present invention includes a method of treating an
inflammatory disease in a mammal (e.g., human) comprising
administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of
a compound of formula I (and/or solvates and salts thereof) or a
composition thereof, alone or in combination with a second
anti-inflammatory agent.
[0047] The present invention includes a method of using the present
compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment
of mammalian cells, organisms, or associated pathological
conditions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0048] Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments
of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the
accompanying structures and formulae. While the invention will be
described in conjunction with the enumerated embodiments, it will
be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to
those embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to
cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents which may be
included within the scope of the present invention as defined by
the claims. One skilled in the art will recognize many methods and
materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which
could be used in the practice of the present invention. The present
invention is in no way limited to the methods and materials
described. In the event that one or more of the incorporated
literature, patents, and similar materials differs from or
contradicts this application, including but not limited to defined
terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, this
application controls.
DEFINITIONS
[0049] The term "alkyl" as used herein refers to a saturated linear
or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical of one to twelve
carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited
to, methyl (Me, --CH.sub.3), ethyl (Et, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.3),
1-propyl (n-Pr, n-propyl, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), 2-propyl
(i-Pr, i-propyl, --CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2), 1-butyl (n-Bu, n-butyl,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), 2-methyl-1-propyl (i-Bu,
i-butyl, --CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2), 2-butyl (s-Bu, s-butyl,
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-Bu, t-butyl,
--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3), 1-pentyl (n-pentyl,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), 2-pentyl
(--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), 3-pentyl
(--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2), 2-methyl-2-butyl
(--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), 3-methyl-2-butyl
(--CH(CH.sub.3)CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2), 3-methyl-1-butyl
(--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2), 2-methyl-1-butyl
(--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), 1-hexyl
(--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), 2-hexyl
(--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), 3-hexyl
(--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)),
2-methyl-2-pentyl (--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3),
3-methyl-2-pentyl (--CH(CH.sub.3)CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3),
4-methyl-2-pentyl (--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2),
3-methyl-3-pentyl (--C(CH.sub.3)(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2),
2-methyl-3-pentyl (--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2),
2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2),
3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (--CH(CH.sub.3)C(CH.sub.3).sub.3, 1-heptyl,
1-octyl, and the like.
[0050] The term "alkenyl" refers to linear or branched-chain
monovalent hydrocarbon radical of two to twelve carbon atoms with
at least one site of unsaturation, i.e., a carbon-carbon, sp.sup.2
double bond, wherein the alkenyl radical includes radicals having
"cis" and "trans" orientations, or alternatively, "E" and "Z"
orientations. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethylenyl
or vinyl (--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), allyl (--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH.sub.2),
and the like.
[0051] The term "alkynyl" refers to a linear or branched monovalent
hydrocarbon radical of two to twelve carbon atoms with at least one
site of unsaturation, i.e., a carbon-carbon, sp triple bond.
Examples include, but are not limited to, ethynyl (--C.ident.CH),
propynyl (propargyl, --CH.sub.2C.ident.CH), and the like.
[0052] The terms "carbocycle", "carbocyclyl", "carbocyclic ring"
and "cycloalkyl" refer to a monovalent non-aromatic, saturated or
partially unsaturated ring having 3 to 12 carbon atoms as a
monocyclic ring or 7 to 12 carbon atoms as a bicyclic ring.
Bicyclic carbocycles having 7 to 12 atoms can be arranged, for
example, as a bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or [6,6] system, and
bicyclic carbocycles having 9 or 10 ring atoms can be arranged as a
bicyclo [5,6] or [6,6] system, or as bridged systems such as
bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and
bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane. Examples of monocyclic carbocycles include,
but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl,
cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl,
1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl,
cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, cyclododecyl, and the
like.
[0053] "Aryl" means a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical of
6-18 carbon atoms derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from
a single carbon atom of a parent aromatic ring system. Some aryl
groups are represented in the exemplary structures as "Ar". Aryl
includes bicyclic radicals comprising an aromatic ring fused to a
saturated, partially unsaturated ring, or aromatic carbocyclic or
heterocyclic ring. Typical aryl groups include, but are not limited
to, radicals derived from benzene (phenyl), substituted benzenes,
naphthalene, anthracene, indenyl, indanyl, 1,2-dihydronaphthalene,
1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
[0054] The terms "heterocycle," "heterocyclyl" and "heterocyclic
ring" are used interchangeably herein and refer to a saturated or a
partially unsaturated (i.e., having one or more double and/or
triple bonds within the ring) carbocyclic radical of 3 to 18 ring
atoms in which at least one ring atom is a heteroatom selected from
nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, the remaining ring atoms being C,
where one or more ring atoms is optionally substituted
independently with one or more substituents described below. A
heterocycle may be a monocycle having 3 to 7 ring members (2 to 6
carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, P, and S)
or a bicycle having 7 to 10 ring members (4 to 9 carbon atoms and 1
to 6 heteroatoms selected from N, O, P, and S), for example: a
bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6], or [6,6] system. Heterocycles are
described in Paquette, Leo A.; "Principles of Modern Heterocyclic
Chemistry" (W.A. Benjamin, New York, 1968), particularly Chapters
1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9; "The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, A
series of Monographs" (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1950 to
present), in particular Volumes 13, 14, 16, 19, and 28; and J. Am.
Chem. Soc. (1960) 82:5566. "Heterocyclyl" also includes radicals
where heterocycle radicals are fused with a saturated, partially
unsaturated ring, or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
Examples of heterocyclic rings include, but are not limited to,
pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl,
tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl,
piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl, piperazinyl,
homopiperazinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, homopiperidinyl,
oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, thiazepinyl,
2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl,
dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dithianyl, dithiolanyl,
dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl,
pyrazolidinylimidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl,
3-azabicyco[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, and
azabicyclo[2.2.2]hexanyl. Spiro moieties are also included within
the scope of this definition. Examples of a heterocyclic group
wherein ring atoms are substituted with oxo (.dbd.O) moieties are
pyrimidinonyl and 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl.
[0055] The term "heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent aromatic
radical of 5- or 6-membered rings, and includes fused ring systems
(at least one of which is aromatic) of 5-18 atoms, containing one
or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen,
and sulfur. Examples of heteroaryl groups are pyridinyl (including,
for example, 2-hydroxypyridinyl), imidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl,
pyrimidinyl (including, for example, 4-hydroxypyrimidinyl),
pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl,
isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl,
quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl,
cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl,
triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl,
thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl,
benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl,
naphthyridinyl, and furopyridinyl.
[0056] The heterocycle or heteroaryl groups may be carbon
(carbon-linked) or nitrogen (nitrogen-linked) attached where such
is possible. By way of example and not limitation, carbon bonded
heterocycles or heteroaryls are bonded at position 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
of a pyridine, position 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridazine, position 2,
4, 5, or 6 of a pyrimidine, position 2, 3, 5, or 6 of a pyrazine,
position 2, 3, 4, or 5 of a furan, tetrahydrofuran, thiofuran,
thiophene, pyrrole or tetrahydropyrrole, position 2, 4, or 5 of an
oxazole, imidazole or thiazole, position 3, 4, or 5 of an
isoxazole, pyrazole, or isothiazole, position 2 or 3 of an
aziridine, position 2, 3, or 4 of an azetidine, position 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, or 8 of a quinoline or position 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of
an isoquinoline.
[0057] By way of example and not limitation, nitrogen bonded
heterocycles or heteroaryls are bonded at position 1 of an
aziridine, azetidine, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, 2-pyrroline,
3-pyrroline, imidazole, imidazolidine, 2-imidazoline,
3-imidazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, 2-pyrazoline, 3-pyrazoline,
piperidine, piperazine, indole, indoline, 1H-indazole, position 2
of a isoindole, or isoindoline, position 4 of a morpholine, and
position 9 of a carbazole, or (3-carboline.
[0058] The term "halo" refers to F, Cl, Br or I. The heteroatoms
present in heteroaryl or heterocyclyl include the oxidized forms
such as N.sup.+.fwdarw.(O).sup.-, S(O) and S(O).sub.2.
[0059] The terms "treat" and "treatment" refer to both therapeutic
treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the
object is to prevent or slow down (lessen) an undesired
physiological change or disorder, such as the development or spread
of cancer. For purposes of this invention, beneficial or desired
clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of
symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not
worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease
progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and
remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or
undetectable. "Treatment" can also mean prolonging survival as
compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment. Those in
need of treatment include those already with the condition or
disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder
or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented.
[0060] The phrase "therapeutically effective amount" means an
amount of a compound of the present invention that (i) treats or
prevents the particular disease, condition, or disorder, (ii)
attenuates, ameliorates, or eliminates one or more symptoms of the
particular disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevents or
delays the onset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease,
condition, or disorder described herein. In the case of cancer, the
therapeutically effective amount of the drug may reduce the number
of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., slow to some
extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into
peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and
preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor
growth; and/or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms
associated with the cancer. To the extent the drug may prevent
growth and/or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic
and/or cytotoxic. For cancer therapy, efficacy can be measured, for
example, by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and/or
determining the response rate (RR).
[0061] The terms "abnormal cell growth" and "hyperproliferative
disorder" are used interchangeably in this application. "Abnormal
cell growth", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, refers to
cell growth that is independent of normal regulatory mechanisms
(e.g., loss of contact inhibition). This includes, for example, the
abnormal growth of: (1) tumor cells (tumors) that proliferate by
expressing a mutated tyrosine kinase or overexpression of a
receptor tyrosine kinase; (2) benign and malignant cells of other
proliferative diseases in which aberrant tyrosine kinase activation
occurs; (3) any tumors that proliferate by receptor tyrosine
kinases; (4) any tumors that proliferate by aberrant
serine/threonine kinase activation; and (5) benign and malignant
cells of other proliferative diseases in which aberrant
serine/threonine kinase activation occurs.
[0062] The terms "cancer" and "cancerous" refer to or describe the
physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized
by unregulated cell growth. A "tumor" comprises one or more
cancerous cells. Examples of cancer include, but are not limited
to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and leukemia or
lymphoid malignancies. More particular examples of such cancers
include squamous cell cancer (e.g., epithelial squamous cell
cancer), lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small
cell lung cancer ("NSCLC"), adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous
carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular
cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal
cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian
cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer,
colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or
uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal
cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic
carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, acute leukemia, as
well as head/brain and neck cancer.
[0063] A "chemotherapeutic agent" is a compound useful in the
treatment of cancer. Examples of chemotherapeutic agents include
Erlotinib (TARCEVA.RTM., Genentech/OSI Pharm.), Bortezomib
(VELCADE.RTM., Millennium Pharm.), Fulvestrant (FASLODEX.RTM.,
AstraZeneca), Sutent (SU11248, Pfizer), Letrozole (FEMARA.RTM.,
Novartis), Imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC.RTM., Novartis), PTK787/ZK
222584 (Novartis), Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin.RTM., Sanofi), 5-FU
(5-fluorouracil), Leucovorin, Rapamycin (Sirolimus, RAPAMUNE.RTM.,
Wyeth), Lapatinib (TYKERB.RTM., GSK572016, Glaxo Smith Kline),
Lonafarnib (SCH 66336), Sorafenib (BAY43-9006, Bayer Labs), and
Gefitinib (IRESSA.RTM., AstraZeneca), AG1478, AG1571 (SU 5271;
Sugen), alkylating agents such as thiotepa and CYTOXAN.RTM.
cyclosphosphamide; alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan
and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone,
meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines
including altretamine, triethylenemelamine,
triethylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphoramide and
trimethylomelamine; acetogenins (especially bullatacin and
bullatacinone); a camptothecin (including the synthetic analog
topotecan); bryostatin; callystatin; CC-1065 (including its
adozelesin, carzelesin and bizelesin synthetic analogs);
cryptophycins (particularly cryptophycin 1 and cryptophycin 8);
dolastatin; duocarmycin (including the synthetic analogs, KW-2189
and CB1-TM1); eleutherobin; pancratistatin; a sarcodictyin;
spongistatin; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil,
chlornaphazine, chlorophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide,
mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan,
novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil
mustard; nitrosureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin,
fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, and ranimnustine; antibiotics
such as the enediyne antibiotics (e.g., calicheamicin, especially
calicheamicin gamma1I and calicheamicin omegaI1 (Angew Chem. Intl.
Ed. Engl. (1994) 33:183-186); dynemicin, including dynemicin A;
bisphosphonates, such as clodronate; an esperamicin; as well as
neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne
antibiotic chromophores), aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin,
azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, caminomycin,
carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin, daunorubicin,
detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, ADRIAMYCIN.RTM.
(doxorubicin), morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin,
2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin and deoxydoxorubicin), epirubicin,
esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins such as mitomycin
C, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin,
porfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin,
streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin;
anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU);
folic acid analogs such as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin,
trimetrexate; purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine,
thiamiprine, thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine,
azacitidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine,
doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine; androgens such as
calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane,
testolactone; anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane,
trilostane; folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid;
aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid;
eniluracil; amsacrine; bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate;
defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; elformithine; elliptinium
acetate; an epothilone; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea;
lentinan; lonidainine; maytansinoids such as maytansine and
ansamitocins; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidanmol; nitraerine;
pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; losoxantrone; podophyllinic
acid; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK.RTM. polysaccharide
complex (JHS Natural Products, Eugene, Oreg.); razoxane; rhizoxin;
sizofuran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone;
2,2',2''-triehlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes (especially T-2
toxin, verracurin A, roridin A and anguidine); urethan; vindesine;
dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman;
gacytosine; arabinoside ("Ara-C"); cyclophosphamide; thiotepa;
taxoids, e.g., TAXOL.RTM. (paclitaxel; Bristol-Myers Squibb
Oncology, Princeton, N.J.), ABRAXANE.TM. (Cremophor-free),
albumin-engineered nanoparticle formulations of paclitaxel
(American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumberg, Ill.), and
TAXOTERE.RTM. (doxetaxel; Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France);
chloranmbucil; GEMZAR.RTM. (gemcitabine); 6-thioguanine;
mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin
and carboplatin; vinblastine; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide;
mitoxantrone; vincristine; NAVELBINE.RTM. (vinorelbine);
novantrone; teniposide; edatrexate; daunomycin; aminopterin;
capecitabine (XELODA.RTM.); ibandronate; CPT-11; topoisomerase
inhibitor RFS 2000; difluoromethylornithine (DMFO); retinoids such
as retinoic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids and
derivatives of any of the above.
[0064] Also included in the definition of "chemotherapeutic agent"
are: (i) anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit
hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens and selective
estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including, for example,
tamoxifen (including NOLVADEX.RTM.; tamoxifen citrate), raloxifene,
droloxifene, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY117018,
onapristone, and FARESTON.RTM. (toremifine citrate); (ii) aromatase
inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates
estrogen production in the adrenal glands, such as, for example,
4(5)-imidazoles, aminoglutethimide, MEGASE.RTM. (megestrol
acetate), AROMASIN.RTM. (exemestane; Pfizer), formestanie,
fadrozole, RIVISOR.RTM. (vorozole), FEMARA.RTM. (letrozole;
Novartis), and ARIMIDEX.RTM. (anastrozole; AstraZeneca); (iii)
anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide,
leuprolide, and goserelin; as well as troxacitabine (a
1,3-dioxolane nucleoside cytosine analog); (iv) protein kinase
inhibitors; (v) lipid kinase inhibitors; (vi) antisense
oligonucleotides, particularly those which inhibit expression of
genes in signaling pathways implicated in aberrant cell
proliferation, such as, for example, PKC-alpha, Ralf and H-Ras;
(vii) ribozymes such as VEGF expression inhibitors (e.g.,
ANGIOZYME.RTM.) and HER2 expression inhibitors; (viii) vaccines
such as gene therapy vaccines, for example, ALLOVECTIN.RTM.,
LEUVECTIN.RTM., and VAXID.RTM.; PROLEUKIN.RTM. rIL-2; a
topoisomerase 1 inhibitor such as LURTOTECAN.RTM.; ABARELIX.RTM.
rmRH; (ix) anti-angiogenic agents such as bevacizumab
(AVASTIN.RTM., Genentech); and (x) pharmaceutically acceptable
salts, acids and derivatives of any of the above. Other
anti-angiogenic agents include MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2)
inhibitors, MMP-9 (matrix-metalloproteinase 9) inhibitors, COX-II
(cyclooxygenase II) inhibitors, and VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase
inhibitors. Examples of such useful matrix metalloproteinase
inhibitors that can be used in combination with the present
compounds/compositions (such as any one of the title compounds of
EXAMPLES 5-25) are described in WO 96/33172, WO 96/27583, EP
818442, EP 1004578, WO 98/07697, WO 98/03516, WO 98/34918, WO
98/34915, WO 98/33768, WO 98/30566, EP 606,046, EP 931,788, WO
90/05719, WO 99/52910, WO 99/52889, WO 99/29667, WO 99/07675, EP
945864, U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,949, U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,510, and EP
780,386, all of which are incorporated herein in their entireties
by reference. Examples of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
include
4-(4-bromo-2-fluoroanilino)-6-methoxy-7-(1-methylpiperidin-4-ylme-
thoxy)quinazoline (ZD6474; Example 2 within WO 01/32651),
4-(4-fluoro-2-methylindol-5-yloxy)-6-methoxy-7-(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropoxy)-
-quinazoline (AZD2171; Example 240 within WO 00/47212), vatalanib
(PTK787; WO 98/35985) and SU11248 (sunitinib; WO 01/60814), and
compounds such as those disclosed in PCT Publication Nos. WO
97/22596, WO 97/30035, WO 97/32856, and WO 98/13354).
[0065] Other examples of chemotherapeutic agents that can be used
in combination with the present compounds (such as any one of the
title compounds of EXAMPLES 5-25) include inhibitors of PI3K
(phosphoinositide-3 kinase), such as those reported in Yaguchi et
al (2006) Jour. of the Nat. Cancer Inst. 98(8):545-556; U.S. Pat.
No. 7,173,029; U.S. Pat. No. 7,037,915; U.S. Pat. No. 6,608,056;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,608,053; U.S. Pat. No. 6,838,457; U.S. Pat. No.
6,770,641; U.S. Pat. No. 6,653,320; U.S. Pat. No. 6,403,588; US
2008/0242665; WO 2006/046031; WO 2006/046035; WO 2006/046040; WO
2007/042806; WO 2007/042810; WO 2004/017950; US 2004/092561; WO
2004/007491; WO 2004/006916; WO 2003/037886; US 2003/149074; WO
2003/035618; WO 2003/034997; US 2003/158212; EP 1417976; US
2004/053946; JP 2001247477; JP 08175990; JP 08176070; U.S. Pat. No.
6,703,414; and WO 97/15658, all of which are incorporated herein in
their entireties by reference. Specific examples of such PI3K
inhibitors include SF-1126 (PI3K inhibitor, Semafore
Pharmaceuticals), BEZ-235 (PI3K inhibitor, Novartis), XL-147 (PI3K
inhibitor, Exelixis, Inc.), and GDC-0941 (PI3K inhibitor,
Genentech, Inc.).
[0066] The term "inflammatory diseases" as used in this application
includes, but not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis,
atherosclerosis, congestive hear failure, inflammatory bowel
disease (including, but not limited to, Crohn's disease and
ulcerative colitis), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the
lung, fibrotic disease in the liver and kidney, Crohn's disease,
lupus, skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema and scleroderma,
osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, diseases and disorders
related to diabetic complications, fibrotic organ failure in organs
such as lung, liver, kidney, and inflammatory complications of the
cardiovascular system such as acute coronary syndrome.
[0067] An "anti-inflammatory agent" is a compound useful in the
treatment of inflammation. Examples of anti-inflammatory agents
include injectable protein therapeutics such as Enbrel.RTM.,
Remicade.RTM., Humira.RTM. and Kineret.RTM.. Other examples of
anti-inflammatory agents include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
agents (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or aspirin (which reduce
swelling and alleviate pain); disease-modifying anti-rheumatic
drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate; 5-aminosalicylates
(sulfasalazine and the sulfa-free agents); corticosteroids;
immunomodulators such as 6-mercaptoputine ("6-MP"), azathioprine
("AZA"), cyclosporines, and biological response modifiers such as
Remicade.RTM. (infliximab) and Enbrel.RTM. (etanercept); fibroblast
growth factors; platelet derived growth factors; enzyme blockers
such as Arava.RTM. (leflunomide); and/or a cartilage protecting
agent such as hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, and chondroitin.
[0068] The term "prodrug" as used in this application refers to a
precursor or derivative form of a compound of the invention that is
capable of being enzymatically or hydrolytically activated or
converted into the more active parent form. See, e.g., Wilman,
"Prodrugs in Cancer Chemotherapy" Biochemical Society Transactions,
14, pp. 375-382, 615th Meeting Belfast (1986) and Stella et al.,
"Prodrugs: A Chemical Approach to Targeted Drug Delivery," Directed
Drug Delivery, Borchardt et al.; (ed.), pp. 247-267, Humana Press
(1985). The prodrugs of this invention include, but are not limited
to, ester-containing prodrugs, phosphate-containing prodrugs,
thiophosphate-containing prodrugs, sulfate-containing prodrugs,
peptide-containing prodrugs, D-amino acid-modified prodrugs,
glycosylated prodrugs, .beta.-lactam-containing prodrugs,
optionally substituted phenoxyacetamide-containing prodrugs,
optionally substituted phenylacetamide-containing prodrugs,
5-fluorocytosine and other 5-fluorouridine prodrugs which can be
converted into the more active cytotoxic free drug. Examples of
cytotoxic drugs that can be derivatized into a prodrug form for use
in this invention include, but are not limited to, compounds of the
invention and chemotherapeutic agents such as described above.
[0069] A "metabolite" is a product produced through metabolism in
the body of a specified compound or salt thereof. Metabolites of a
compound may be identified using routine techniques known in the
art and their activities determined using tests such as those
described herein. Such products may result for example from the
oxidation, hydroxylation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation,
deamidation, esterification, deesterification, enzymatic cleavage,
and the like, of the administered compound. Accordingly, the
invention includes metabolites of compounds of the invention,
including compounds produced by a process comprising contacting a
compound of this invention with a mammal for a period of time
sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof.
[0070] A "liposome" is a small vesicle composed of various types of
lipids, phospholipids and/or surfactant which is useful for
delivery of a drug (such as the MEK inhibitors disclosed herein
and, optionally, a chemotherapeutic agent) to a mammal. The
components of the liposome are commonly arranged in a bilayer
formation, similar to the lipid arrangement of biological
membranes.
[0071] The term "package insert" is used to refer to instructions
customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic
products, that contain information about the indications, usage,
dosage, administration, contraindications and/or warnings
concerning the use of such therapeutic products.
[0072] The term "chiral" refers to molecules which have the
property of non-superimposability of the mirror image partner,
while the term "achiral" refers to molecules which are
superimposable on their mirror image partner.
[0073] The term "stereoisomer" refers to compounds which have
identical chemical constitution and connectivity, but different
orientations of their atoms in space that cannot be interconverted
by rotation about single bonds.
[0074] "Diastereomer" refers to a stereoisomer with two or more
centers of chirality and whose molecules are not mirror images of
one another. Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g.
melting points, boiling points, spectral properties, and
reactivities. Mixtures of diastereomers may separate under high
resolution analytical procedures such as crystallization,
electrophoresis and chromatography.
[0075] "Enantiomers" refer to two stereoisomers of a compound which
are non-superimposable mirror images of one another.
[0076] Stereochemical definitions and conventions used herein
generally follow S. P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of
Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York; and
Eliel, E. and Wilen, S., "Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds",
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994. The compounds of the
invention may contain asymmetric or chiral centers, and therefore
exist in different stereoisomeric forms. It is intended that all
stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of the invention, including
but not limited to, diastereomers, enantiomers and atropisomers, as
well as mixtures thereof such as racemic mixtures, form part of the
present invention. Many organic compounds exist in optically active
forms, i.e., they have the ability to rotate the plane of
plane-polarized light. In describing an optically active compound,
the prefixes D and L, or R and S, are used to denote the absolute
configuration of the molecule about its chiral center(s). The
prefixes d and 1 or (+) and (-) are employed to designate the sign
of rotation of plane-polarized light by the compound, with (-) or 1
meaning that the compound is levorotatory. A compound prefixed with
(+) or d is dextrorotatory. For a given chemical structure, these
stereoisomers are identical except that they are mirror images of
one another. A specific stereoisomer may also be referred to as an
enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an
enantiomeric mixture. A 50:50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to
as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has
been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction
or process. The terms "racemic mixture" and "racemate" refer to an
equimolar mixture of two enantiomeric species, devoid of optical
activity.
[0077] The term "tautomer" or "tautomeric form" refers to
structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible
via a low energy barrier. For example, proton tautomers (also known
as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of
a proton, such as keto-enol and imine-enamine isomerizations.
Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of
some of the bonding electrons.
[0078] The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" as used
herein, refers to pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic
salts of a compound of the invention. Exemplary salts include, but
are not limited, to sulfate, citrate, acetate, oxalate, chloride,
bromide, iodide, nitrate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate,
isonicotinate, lactate, salicylate, acid citrate, tartrate, oleate,
tannate, pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate,
gentisinate, fumarate, gluconate, glucuronate, saccharate, formate,
benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate "mesylate", ethanesulfonate,
benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, pamoate (i.e.,
1,1'-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)) salts, alkali metal
(e.g., sodium and potassium) salts, alkaline earth metal (e.g.,
magnesium) salts, and ammonium salts. A pharmaceutically acceptable
salt may involve the inclusion of another molecule such as an
acetate ion, a succinate ion or other counter ion. The counter ion
may be any organic or inorganic moiety that stabilizes the charge
on the parent compound. Furthermore, a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt may have more than one charged atom in its structure.
Instances where multiple charged atoms are part of the
pharmaceutically acceptable salt can have multiple counter ions.
Hence, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt can have one or more
charged atoms and/or one or more counter ion.
[0079] If the compound of the invention is a base, the desired
pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable
method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free
base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic
acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, methanesulfonic acid, phosphoric
acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid,
maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic
acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a
pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an
alpha hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino
acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid,
such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as
p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.
[0080] If the compound of the invention is an acid, the desired
pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable
method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic
or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary),
an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the
like. Illustrative examples of suitable salts include, but are not
limited to, organic salts derived from amino acids, such as glycine
and arginine, ammonia, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and
cyclic amines, such as piperidine, morpholine and piperazine, and
inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium,
manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
[0081] The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" indicates that the
substance or composition must be compatible chemically and/or
toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a
formulation, and/or the mammal being treated therewith.
[0082] A "solvate" refers to an association or complex of one or
more solvent molecules and a compound of the invention. Examples of
solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water,
isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid,
and ethanolamine. The term "hydrate" refers to the complex where
the solvent molecule is water.
[0083] The term "protecting group" refers to a substituent that is
commonly employed to block or protect a particular functionality
while reacting other functional groups on the compound. For
example, an "amino-protecting group" is a substituent attached to
an amino group that blocks or protects the amino functionality in
the compound. Suitable amino-protecting groups include acetyl,
trifluoroacetyl, t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC), benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ)
and 9-fluorenylmethylenoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). Similarly, a
"hydroxy-protecting group" refers to a substituent of a hydroxy
group that blocks or protects the hydroxy functionality. Suitable
protecting groups include acetyl and trialkylsilyl. A
"carboxy-protecting group" refers to a substituent of the carboxy
group that blocks or protects the carboxy functionality. Common
carboxy-protecting groups include phenylsulfonylethyl, cyanoethyl,
2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl,
2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)ethyl, 2-(p-nitrophenylsulfenyl)ethyl,
2-(diphenylphosphino)-ethyl, nitroethyl and the like. For a general
description of protecting groups and their use, see T. W. Greene,
Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1991.
[0084] The terms "compound of this invention", "compounds of the
present invention" "compounds of formula I", "imidazopyridines" and
"imidazopyridines of formula I", unless otherwise indicated,
include compounds/imidazopyridines of formula I and stereoisomers,
geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites, salts (e.g.,
pharmaceutically acceptable salts) and prodrugs thereof.
[0085] The present invention provides imidazopyridines of formula I
as described above useful as kinase inhibitors, particularly useful
as MEK kinase inhibitors. In an embodiment of the present
invention, when R.sup.3 is
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nC(.dbd.O)R.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nNR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nOR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nSR.sup.11,
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O)R.sup.11, or
--(CR.sup.14R.sup.15).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.11; n is 0; and Z.sup.1
is N, then said R.sup.11 or R.sup.12 is not aryl; when Z.sup.1 is
N, then R.sup.3 is not CH.sub.2-aryl; and all other variables are
as defined in formula I.
[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention, compounds are of
formula I-a or I-b and all other variables are as defined in
formula I, or as defined in the embodiment described above.
##STR00008##
[0087] In an embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.2 is H,
halo, CF.sub.3, or C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; and all other variables
are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one
of the embodiments described above.
[0088] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.2 is
H, methyl, CF.sub.3, F, or Cl; and all other variables are as
defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of the
embodiments described above.
[0089] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.2 is
H, F or Cl; and all other variables are as defined in formula I,
I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments described
above.
[0090] In an embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.3 is H,
halo, CF.sub.3, or C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; and all other variables
are as defined in formula I or I-a, or as defined in any one of the
embodiments described above.
[0091] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.3 is
H, methyl, CF.sub.3, F, or Cl; and all other variables are as
defined in formula I or I-a, or as defined in any one of the
embodiments described above.
[0092] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.3 is
H, F or Cl; and all other variables are as defined in formula I or
I-a, or as defined in any one of the embodiments described
above.
[0093] In an embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.1' is H or
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; and all other variables are as defined in
formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments
described above. In another embodiment, R.sup.1' is H, and all
other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as
defined in any one of the embodiments described above.
[0094] In an embodiment of the present invention, Z.sup.1 is
CR.sup.1 and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a
or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments described
above.
[0095] In an embodiment of the present invention, Z.sup.1 is N and
all other variables are as defined in formula I or I-a, or as
defined in any one of the embodiments described above.
[0096] In another embodiment of the present invention, Z.sup.1 is
CR.sup.1 and R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; and all other
variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in
any one of the embodiments described above. In another embodiment,
R.sup.1 is H, and all other variables are as defined in formula I,
I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments above. In
another embodiment, R.sup.1 is methyl, and all other variables are
as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of
the embodiments above.
[0097] In an embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.4 is H or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; and all other variables are as defined in
formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments
above.
[0098] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.4 is H
or methyl; and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a
or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments above. In
another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.4 is H; and all
other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as
defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0099] In an embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.5 is H or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; and all other variables are as defined in
formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments
above.
[0100] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.5 is H
or methyl; and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a
or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0101] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.5 is
H; and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b,
or as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0102] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.5 is
methyl; and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or
I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0103] In an embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1 is
OR.sup.11'; and all other variables are as defined in formula I,
I-a or I-b; or as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0104] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1 is
OR.sup.11' wherein R.sup.11' is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl (e.g.,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl) substituted with one or more groups
independently selected from halo, CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3,
--NO.sub.2, oxo, --(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.17,
(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.18C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sup.nNR.sup.17SO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17, and
R.sup.21; and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a
or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0105] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1 is
OR.sup.11' wherein R.sup.11' is heterocyclyl (e.g., 4- to
6-membered heterocyclyl) optionally substituted with one or more
groups independently selected from halo, CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3,
--NO.sub.2, oxo, --(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.18C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.17SO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20)SC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17, and R.sup.21;
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0106] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1 is
OR.sup.11' wherein R.sup.11' is 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl
having 1 nitrogen ring atom wherein said heterocyclyl is optionally
substituted with one or more groups independently selected from
halo, CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, oxo,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.18C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.17SO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O)R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17, and
R.sup.21; and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a
or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0107] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1
is:
##STR00009##
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0108] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1
is
##STR00010##
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0109] In an embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1 is
R.sup.11'; and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a
or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0110] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1 is
R.sup.11' wherein R.sup.11' is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl (e.g.,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl) substituted with one or more groups
independently selected from halo, CN, CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3,
--NO.sub.2, oxo, --Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.y')R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.18C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.17SO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17, and
R.sup.21; and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a
or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0111] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1
is
##STR00011##
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0112] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.5 is H
and X.sup.1 is
##STR00012##
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0113] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1
is
##STR00013##
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0114] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.5 is
methyl and X.sup.1 is
##STR00014##
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0115] In an embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.1 is
R.sup.11' and X.sup.1 is taken together with R.sup.5 and the
nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form a 4-5 membered
saturated cyclic ring having 0-2 additional heteroatoms selected
from O, S and N, wherein said cyclic ring is optionally substituted
with one or more groups selected from halo, CN, CF.sub.3,
--OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, oxo,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.16C(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.18C(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nNR.sup.17SO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(.dbd.Y')(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nOP(OR.sup.16)(OR.sup.17),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2NR.sup.16R.sup.17,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O)(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nS(O).sub.2(OR.sup.16),
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')R.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')OR.sup.16,
--(CR.sup.19R.sup.20).sub.nSC(.dbd.Y')NR.sup.16R.sup.17, and
R.sup.21; and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a
or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0116] In another embodiment of the present invention, W is:
##STR00015##
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0117] In an embodiment of the present invention, W is --OR.sup.11'
wherein R.sup.11' is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl; and all other
variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in
any one of the embodiments above.
[0118] In another embodiment of the present invention, W is
--OR.sup.11' wherein R.sup.11' is H; and all other variables are as
defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of the
embodiments above.
[0119] In another embodiment of the present invention, W is
--OR.sup.11' wherein R.sup.11' is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; and all
other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as
defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0120] In an embodiment of the present invention, W' is
--NHSO.sub.2R.sup.8; and all other variables are as defined in
formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of the embodiments
above.
[0121] In an embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.6 is halo,
C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, carbocyclyl, or --SR.sup.16; and all other
variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in
any one of the embodiments above.
[0122] In another embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.6 is
halo, C.sub.2-C.sub.3 alkynyl, C.sub.3-carbocyclyl, or --SR.sup.16
wherein R.sup.16 is C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl; and all other variables
are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one
of the embodiments above.
[0123] In an embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.6' is H,
halo, or C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; and all other variables are as
defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as defined in any one of the
embodiments above.
[0124] In an embodiment of the present invention, p is 1 or 2; and
all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or as
defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0125] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.4
is
##STR00016## ##STR00017##
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0126] In another embodiment of the present invention, X.sup.4
is
##STR00018## ##STR00019##
and all other variables are as defined in formula I, I-a or I-b, or
as defined in any one of the embodiments above.
[0127] Another embodiment of the present invention includes
compounds described in EXAMPLES 5-25 and compounds below:
##STR00020## ##STR00021## ##STR00022##
[0128] Preparation of Compounds of Formula I
[0129] The imidazopyridines of formula I are prepared according to
the procedures described below in the schemes and examples or by
methods known in the art. For example, compounds of formula (I)
where Y.dbd.W--C(O)-- may be prepared according to Scheme 1.
##STR00023## ##STR00024##
[0130] Nicotinic acids of formula (II) may be obtained commercially
or prepared using methods described in the literature. The acids
(II) may be reacted with anilines (incorporating appropriate
substituents R1), in the presence of a base such as LiHMDS, in a
solvent such as THF, at a temperature of from -78.degree. C. to
25.degree. C. to give acids of formula (III). Nicotinic esters (IV)
may be prepared from nicotinic acids (III) by reaction with an
alkylating agent such as trimethylsilyl diazomethane in a solvent
such as toluene, at a temperature of from 0.degree. C. to
50.degree. C. 2-Anilino-6-cyanopyridines of formula (V) may be
prepared from 6-halo pyridines (IV) by reaction with an inorganic
cyanide such as zinc cyanide, in the presence of a transition metal
catalyst such as Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4, in a solvent such as DMF, at
a temperature of from 50.degree. C. to reflux temperature, or under
microwave irradiation at a temperature of from 70.degree. C. to
200.degree. C. Cyanopyridines (V) may be reduced to give
2-aminomethyl pyridines (VI), A=CH.sub.2, by reduction with
hydrogen at a pressure of from 1 to 5 atmospheres, in the presence
of a catalyst such as palladium on carbon, in a solvent such as
methanol or acetic acid, with or without added strong acid such as
concentrated hydrochloric acid. Alternatively, the cyanopyridines
(V) may be converted to 2-aminomethyl pyridines by reacting with an
inorganic metal hydride such as sodium borohydride, in the presence
of a metal salt such as cobalt chloride, in a solvent such as
methanol, at a temperature of from 0.degree. C. to room
temperature. Alternatively compounds of formula (VI), A=NH, may be
prepared from compounds of formula (IV) by reaction with hydrazine
hydrate, in a solvent such as ethanol, at a temperature of from
0.degree. C. to reflux.
[0131] Compounds (VII) may be prepared from compounds (VI) by
reaction with an anhydride such as acetic anhydride, or mixed
anhydride such as formic-acetic anhydride, in a solvent such as
tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of from 0.degree. C. to reflux.
Compounds of formula (VIII) may be prepared from compounds (VII) by
reaction with a chlorinating agent such as phosphorous oxychloride,
in a solvent such as toluene, at a temperature of from 25.degree.
C. to reflux. Alternatively compounds of formula (VIII) may be
prepared from compounds of formula (VII) by reaction with an acid
such as formic acid, neat or in a solvent such as dioxane, at a
temperature of from 50.degree. C. to reflux. Compounds of formula
(IX) can be obtained from compounds of formula (VIII) by reaction
with a base such as sodium hydroxide, in a solvent such as ethanol
or methanol, at a temperature of from room temperature up to reflux
temperature.
[0132] Compounds of formula (IX) can be reacted with a
functionalised hydroxylamine of formula (XII) (commercially
available or prepared according to Scheme 5, 6 and 7) or an amine,
and a suitable coupling agent, such as
O-(7-aza-benzo-triazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyluronium
hexafluoro-phosphate,
N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride or
N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of
N-hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole, in the presence of a suitable base
such as diisopropylethylamine or triethylamine in an inert solvent,
such as tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, or dichloromethane
at a temperature of about room temperature, to obtain the compounds
of formula (X). Compounds of formula (X) can be obtained directly
from compounds of formula (VIII) by reaction with an amine or
hydroxylamine DNHR in the presence of a Lewis acid such as
trimethyl aluminium, in a solvent such as DCM, at a temperature of
from room temperature up to reflux temperature. Alternatively,
compounds of formula (X) may be prepared from compounds of formula
(VIII) by treatment with a functionalized hydroxylamine in the
presence of a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in a
solvent such as THF at a temperature of from -78.degree. C. to
25.degree. C.
[0133] Additionally, compounds of formula (I) where Y is W--C(O)--
may be prepared according to Scheme 2.
##STR00025##
[0134] Compounds of formula (XV) may be obtained commercially or
prepared using methods described in the literature. Compounds of
formula (XVI) may be prepared from compounds of formula (XV) by
reaction with a halogenating agent such as N-bromo succinimide or
1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the presence of a catalyst
such as AIBN or benzoyl peroxide in a solvent such as
dichloroethane or carbon tetrachloride using activation by light or
heat at a temperature of from room temperature to reflux.
Alternatively, compounds of formula (XVI) may be obtained from
compounds of formula (XV) in a two step procedure by first
formation of the pyridine N-oxide using an oxidizing agent such as
3-chloro-peroxy benzoic acid in a solvent such as DCM at a
temperature of about room temperature. The intermediate N-oxides
may be converted to halomethyl pyridines of formula (XVI) by
reaction with a chlorinating agent such as phosphorous oxychloride.
Compounds of formula (XVII) may be prepared from compounds of
formula (XVI) by reaction with a protected form of ammonia such as
potassium phthalimide or sodium diformyl imide in a solvent such as
DMF at a temperature of from -5.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. When
R'''.dbd.H and R''''.dbd.C(.dbd.O)H compounds of formula (XVII) may
be converted to formyl amino nicotinic esters of formula (XVIII) by
treatment with an acid such as formic acid or hydrochloric acid in
a solvent such as methanol at a temperature of from room
temperature to reflux. Compounds of formula (XVIII) may be cyclised
to imidazopyridines of formula (XIX) by reaction with a phosphorous
oxyhalide such as phosphorous oxychloride in a solvent such as
toluene at a temperature of from 50.degree. C. to reflux.
Alternatively, the cyclisation maybe effected using an acid such as
formic acid or acetic acid, neat, at a temperature of from
25.degree. C. to reflux. Imidazopyridine-5-anilino esters of
formula (XX) may be prepared from halides of formula (XIX) by
reaction with an aniline (incorporating appropriate substituents
R1), in the presence of a base such as lithium
bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in a solvent such as THF at a temperature
of from -78.degree. C. to room temperature. Alternatively,
compounds of formula (XX) may be prepared from compounds of formula
(XIX) by reaction with an aniline (incorporating appropriate
substituents R1), in the presence of a catalyst such as
tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), a base such as potassium
phosphate, a ligand such as
2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-(diisopropoxy)biphenyl, in a suitable
solvent such as toluene, at a temperature of from room temperature
to the reflux temperature of the solvent, or under microwave
irradiation at a temperature of from 70.degree. C. to 150.degree.
C. Acids of formula (XXI) may be prepared from esters of formula
(XX) using the methods described for the conversion of compounds of
formula (VIII) to compounds of formula (IX) in Scheme 1.
Alternatively, acids of formula (XXI) may be prepared from
compounds of formula (XIX) first by saponification using the
methods described for the conversion of compounds of formula (VIII)
to compounds of formula (IX) followed by treatment with an aniline
(incorporating appropriate substituents R1), in the presence of a
base such as lithium (bistrimethylsilyl)amide in a solvent such as
THF at a temperature of from -78.degree. C. to room
temperature.
[0135] Anilino acids of formula (XXI) may be converted to compounds
of formula (X) using the methods described for the conversion of
compounds of formula (IX) to compounds of formula (X) in Scheme 1.
In addition, esters of formula (XX) may be converted to compounds
of formula (X) using the methods described for the conversion of
compounds of formula (VIII) to compounds of formula (X) in Scheme
1.
[0136] Compounds of formula (XVI) and (XVII) may be prepared
according to Scheme 3.
##STR00026##
[0137] Compounds of formula (XXIII) may be prepared from compounds
of formula (XXII). Compounds of formula (XXII) are first esterified
by formation of the bis-acid chloride using oxalyl chloride with
catalytic DMF, in a solvent such as DCM, at a temperature of about
room temperature followed by quench with an alcohol such as
methanol. The resultant bis-ester intermediate may then be oxidized
to compounds of formula (XXIII) by reaction with an oxidizing agent
such as meta-chloro peroxybenzoic acid in a solvent such as DCM at
a temperature of from 0.degree. C. to room temperature. Compounds
of formula (XXV) may be prepared from compounds of formula (XXIV)
by reduction with a metal hydride such as sodium borohydride in the
presence of an additive such as calcium chloride, in a solvent such
as ethanol, at a temperature of from 0.degree. C. to room
temperature. Compounds of formula (XXV) may be converted to
compounds of formula (XXVI) where R.dbd.Cl by halogenation using a
sulfonyl chloride such as thionyl chloride in a solvent such as
dichloromethane, at a temperature of from -5.degree. C. to room
temperature. Compounds of formula (XXVI) where R.dbd.N.sub.3 may be
obtained from compounds of formula (XXV) by reaction with an azide
such as diphenyl phosphoryl azide, in the presence of a
diazocarboxylate such as diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, in the
presence of a base such as triethylamine, in a solvent such as THF
at a temperature of about room temperature. Compounds of formula
(XXVI) where R.dbd.N.sub.3 may be converted to compounds of formula
(XXVI) where R.dbd.NH.sub.2 by treatment with a reducing agent such
as triphenyl phosphine in a solvent such as THF at a temperature of
from room temperature to reflux.
[0138] Compounds of formula (I) where Y is R.sup.8SO.sub.2NH-- may
be prepared according to Scheme 4.
##STR00027##
[0139] Compounds of formula (XXVII) may be prepared from compounds
of formula (IX) by treatment with diphenylphosphoryl azide in a
solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as
triethylamine. Compounds of formula (XXVIII) may be prepared from
compounds of formula (XXVII) by treatment with a base such as
sodium hydride, in a solvent such as DMF, followed by reaction with
a sulfonyl chloride (appropriately substituted). Compounds of
formula (XXIX) may be prepared from compounds of formula (XXVIII)
by deprotection using a base such as sodium hydroxide, in a solvent
such as DMF, at a temperature of from 50.degree. C. to 150.degree.
C.
[0140] Hydroxylamines of formula (XII) may be prepared using
methods described in the literature or the synthetic route outlined
in Scheme 5.
##STR00028##
[0141] Primary or secondary alcohols of general formula (XXXVII)
may be prepared using methods described in the literature. The
alcohols may be reacted with N-hydroxy phthalimide using a
phosphine and coupling reagent such as diethyl azodicarboxylate to
provide compounds of general formula (XXXVIII). Compounds of
general formula (XXXVIII) may be deprotected using hydrazine,
methyl hydrazine, an acid such as hydrochloric acid or a base such
as aqueous ammonia to provide hydroxylamines of general formula
(XII-a).
[0142] Compounds of formula (XII-a) may be further modified by
reductive amination with aldehydes or ketones using a reducing
agent such as sodium triacetoxy borohydride, sodium
cyanoborohydride, or borane-pyridine in a solvent such as
dichloroethane at a temperature of from ambient temperature to
reflux to provide hydroxylamines of general formula (XII-b). In
addition, compounds of formula (XII-a) may be further modified by
alkylation with an alkyl halide in the presence of a base such as
triethylamine, in a solvent such as dichloromethane, to provide
hydroxylamines of general formula (XII-b).
[0143] Alternatively, hydroxylamines of formula (XII-a) may be
prepared according to Scheme 6.
##STR00029##
[0144] Alkyl halides of formula (XL) may be reacted with N-hydroxy
phthalimide in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate
in a solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide at a temperature of from
10.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. Compounds of formula (XLI) may be
converted to compounds of formula (XII) using the methods described
for the conversion of compounds of formula (XXXVIII) to compounds
of formula (XII) in Scheme 5.
[0145] Alternatively, compounds of formula (XII-a) may be prepared
according to Scheme 7.
##STR00030##
[0146] Compounds of formula (XLII) may be reacted with N-hydroxy
phthalimide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a base such as
DIPEA and a co-catalyst such as tetra-butyl ammonium bromide in a
solvent such as toluene at a temperature of form 50.degree. C. to
reflux. Compounds of formula (XLIII) may be converted to compounds
of formula (XII) using the methods described for the conversion of
compounds of formula (XXXVIII) to compounds of formula (XII) in
Scheme 5.
[0147] Anilines of general formula (XXXI) used in condensations and
cross-coupling reactions described above may be prepared by using
methods described in the literature or according to Scheme 8.
##STR00031##
[0148] Substituted 1-chloro-4-nitro benzene may be reacted with a
metal R'''MXn, such as cyclopropyl boronic acid or
hexamethyldisilazane, in a solvent such as xylene, using a catalyst
such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, at a temperature of
from room temperature to reflux to give compounds of formula (XXX).
The nitro group may be reduced using methods described in the
literature such as reaction under an atmosphere of hydrogen, at a
pressure of from 1 to 5 atmospheres, in the presence of a catalyst
such as palladium on carbon, and in a solvent such as ethanol or
ethyl acetate, at room temperature to give compounds of formula
(XXXI).
[0149] Alternatively, anilines of formula (LV) may be prepared
according to Scheme 9.
##STR00032##
[0150] 4-Bromo or iodo anilines of formula (LIV) may be reacted
with at least 2 equivalents of a strong organometallic base such as
n-butyllithium in a solvent such as THF at a temperature of from
-100.degree. C. to -20.degree. C. followed by quench of the
intermediate aryl lithium species with an electrophile such as
trimethyl silyl chloride to give compounds of formula (LV).
[0151] It will be appreciated that where appropriate functional
groups exist, compounds of formula (I) or any intermediates used in
their preparation may be further derivatised by one or more
standard synthetic methods employing substitution, oxidation,
reduction, or cleavage reactions. Particular substitution
approaches include conventional alkylation, arylation,
heteroarylation, acylation, sulfonylation, halogenation, nitration,
formylation and coupling procedures.
[0152] For example, aryl bromide or chloride groups may be
converted to aryl iodides using a Finkelstein reaction employing an
iodide source such as sodium iodide, a catalyst such as copper
iodide and a ligand such as trans-N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexane
diamine in a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane and heating the reaction
mixture at reflux temperature. Aryl trialkylsilanes may be
converted to aryl iodides by treating the silane with an iodide
source such as iodine monochloride in a solvent such as
dichloromethane with or without Lewis acid such as silver
tetrafluoroborate at a temperature from -40.degree. C. to
reflux.
[0153] In a further example primary amine (--NH.sub.2) groups may
be alkylated using a reductive alkylation process employing an
aldehyde or a ketone and a borohydride, for example sodium
triacetoxyborohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride, in a solvent such
as a halogenated hydrocarbon, for example 1,2-dichloroethane, or an
alcohol such as ethanol, where necessary in the presence of an acid
such as acetic acid at around ambient temperature. Secondary amine
(--NH--) groups may be similarly alkylated employing an
aldehyde.
[0154] In a further example, primary amine or secondary amine
groups may be converted into amide groups (--NHCOR' or --NRCOR') by
acylation. Acylation may be achieved by reaction with an
appropriate acid chloride in the presence of a base, such as
triethylamine, in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane, or
by reaction with an appropriate carboxylic acid in the presence of
a suitable coupling agent such HATU
(O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate) in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane.
Similarly, amine groups may be converted into sulfonamide groups
(--NHSO.sub.2R' or --NR''SO.sub.2R') by reaction with an
appropriate sulfonyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base,
such as triethylamine, in a suitable solvent such as
dichloromethane. Primary or secondary amine groups can be converted
into urea groups (--NHCONR'R'' or --NRCONR'R'') by reaction with an
appropriate isocyanate in the presence of a suitable base such as
triethylamine, in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane.
[0155] An amine (--NH.sub.2) may be obtained by reduction of a
nitro (--NO.sub.2) group, for example by catalytic hydrogenation,
using for example hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst, for
example palladium on a support such as carbon in a solvent such as
ethyl acetate or an alcohol e.g. methanol. Alternatively, the
transformation may be carried out by chemical reduction using for
example a metal, e.g. tin or iron, in the presence of an acid such
as hydrochloric acid.
[0156] In a further example, amine (--CH.sub.2NH.sub.2) groups may
be obtained by reduction of nitriles (--CN), for example by
catalytic hydrogenation using for example hydrogen in the presence
of a metal catalyst, for example palladium on a support such as
carbon, or Raney nickel, in a solvent such as an ether e.g. a
cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature from
-78.degree. C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent.
[0157] In a further example, amine (--NH.sub.2) groups may be
obtained from carboxylic acid groups (--CO.sub.2H) by conversion to
the corresponding acyl azide (--CON.sub.3), Curtius rearrangement
and hydrolysis of the resultant isocyanate (--N.dbd.C.dbd.O).
[0158] Aldehyde groups (--CHO) may be converted to amine groups
(--CH.sub.2NR'R'')) by reductive amination employing an amine and a
borohydride, for example sodium triacetoxyborohydride or sodium
cyanoborohydride, in a solvent such as a halogenated hydrocarbon,
for example dichloromethane, or an alcohol such as ethanol, where
necessary in the presence of an acid such as acetic acid at around
ambient temperature.
[0159] In a further example, aldehyde groups may be converted into
alkenyl groups (--CH.dbd.CHR') by the use of a Wittig or
Wadsworth-Emmons reaction using an appropriate phosphorane or
phosphonate under standard conditions known to those skilled in the
art.
[0160] Aldehyde groups may be obtained by reduction of ester groups
(such as --CO.sub.2Et) or nitriles (--CN) using diisobutylaluminum
hydride in a suitable solvent such as toluene. Alternatively,
aldehyde groups may be obtained by the oxidation of alcohol groups
using any suitable oxidising agent known to those skilled in the
art.
[0161] Ester groups (--CO.sub.2R') may be converted into the
corresponding acid group (--CO.sub.2H) by acid- or base-catalused
hydrolysis, depending on the nature of R. If R is t-butyl,
acid-catalysed hydrolysis can be achieved for example by treatment
with an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid in an aqueous
solvent, or by treatment with an inorganic acid such as
hydrochloric acid in an aqueous solvent.
[0162] Carboxylic acid groups (--CO.sub.2H) may be converted into
amides (CONHR' or --CONR'R'') by reaction with an appropriate amine
in the presence of a suitable coupling agent, such as HATU, in a
suitable solvent such as dichloromethane.
[0163] In a further example, carboxylic acids may be homologated by
one carbon (i.e --CO.sub.2H to --CH.sub.2CO.sub.2H) by conversion
to the corresponding acid chloride (--COCl) followed by
Arndt-Eistert synthesis.
[0164] In a further example, --OH groups may be generated from the
corresponding ester (e.g. --CO.sub.2R'), or aldehyde (--CHO) by
reduction, using for example a complex metal hydride such as
lithium aluminium hydride in diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, or
sodium borohydride in a solvent such as methanol. Alternatively, an
alcohol may be prepared by reduction of the corresponding acid
(--CO.sub.2H), using for example lithium aluminium hydride in a
solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, or by using borane in a solvent
such as tetrahydrofuran.
[0165] Alcohol groups may be converted into leaving groups, such as
halogen atoms or sulfonyloxy groups such as an alkylsulfonyloxy,
e.g. trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy or arylsulfonyloxy, e.g.
p-toluenesulfonyloxy group using conditions known to those skilled
in the art. For example, an alcohol may be reacted with thioyl
chloride in a halogenated hydrocarbon (e.g. dichloromethane) to
yield the corresponding chloride. A base (e.g. triethylamine) may
also be used in the reaction.
[0166] In another example, alcohol, phenol or amide groups may be
alkylated by coupling a phenol or amide with an alcohol in a
solvent such as tetrahydrofuran in the presence of a phosphine,
e.g. triphenylphosphine and an activator such as diethyl-,
diisopropyl, or dimethylazodicarboxylate. Alternatively alkylation
may be achieved by deprotonation using a suitable base e.g. sodium
hydride followed by subsequent addition of an alkylating agent,
such as an alkyl halide.
[0167] Aromatic halogen substituents in the compounds may be
subjected to halogen-metal exchange by treatment with a base, for
example a lithium base such as n-butyl or t-butyl lithium,
optionally at a low temperature, e.g. around -78.degree. C., in a
solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, and then quenched with an
electrophile to introduce a desired substituent. Thus, for example,
a formyl group may be introduced by using N,N-dimethylformamide as
the electrophile. Aromatic halogen substituents may alternatively
be subjected to metal (e.g. palladium or copper) catalysed
reactions, to introduce, for example, acid, ester, cyano, amide,
aryl, heteraryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, thio- or amino substituents.
Suitable procedures which may be employed include those described
by Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Buchwald or Hartwig.
[0168] Aromatic halogen substituents may also undergo nucleophilic
displacement following reaction with an appropriate nucleophile
such as an amine or an alcohol. Advantageously, such a reaction may
be carried out at elevated temperature in the presence of microwave
irradiation.
[0169] The compounds of the present invention are tested for their
capacity to inhibit MEK activity and activation (primary assays)
and for their biological effects on growing cells (secondary
assays) as described below. The compounds of the present invention
having IC.sub.50 of less than 5 .mu.M (more preferably less than
0.1 .mu.M, most preferably less than 0.01 .mu.M) in the MEK
activity assay of Example 1, IC.sub.50 of less than 5 .mu.M (more
preferably less than 1 .mu.M, even more preferably less than 0.1
.mu.M, most preferably less than 0.01 .mu.M) in the MEK activation
assay of Example 2, EC.sub.50 of less than 10 .mu.M (more
preferably less than 1 .mu.M, even more preferably less than 0.5
.mu.M, most preferably less than 0.1 .mu.M) in the cell
proliferation assay of Example 3, and/or EC.sub.50 of less than 10
.mu.M (more preferably less than 1 .mu.M, even more preferably less
than 0.5 .mu.M, most preferably less than 0.1 .mu.M) in the ERK
phosphorylation assay of Example 4, are useful as MEK
inhibitors.
[0170] The present invention includes a composition (e.g., a
pharmaceutical composition) comprising a compound of formula I
(and/or solvates and/or salts thereof) and a carrier (a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier). The present invention also
includes a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition)
comprising a compound of formula I (and/or solvates and/or salts
thereof) and a carrier (a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier),
further comprising a second chemotherapeutic and/or a second
anti-inflammatory agent such as those described herein. The present
compositions are useful for inhibiting abnormal cell growth or
treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal (e.g., human).
The present compositions are also useful for treating inflammatory
diseases in a mammal (e.g., human).
[0171] The present compounds (such as any one of the title
compounds of EXAMPLES 5-25) and compositions are also useful for
treating an autoimmune disease, destructive bone disorder,
proliferative disorders, infectious disease, viral disease,
fibrotic disease or neurodegenerative disease in a mammal (e.g.,
human). Examples of such diseases/disorders include, but are not
limited to, diabetes and diabetic complications, diabetic
retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular
degeneration, hemangioma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, rhinitis
and atopic dermatitis, renal disease and renal failure, polycystic
kidney disease, congestive heart failure, neurofibromatosis, organ
transplant rejection, cachexia, stroke, septic shock, heart
failure, organ transplant rejection, Alzheimer's disease, chronic
or neuropathic pain, and viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis
(B) virus (HBV), human papilloma virus (HPV), cytomegalovirus
(CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Chronic pain, for purposes of
the present invention includes, but is not limited to, idiopathic
pain, and pain associated with chronic alcoholism, vitamin
deficiency, uremia, hypothyroidism, inflammation, arthritis, and
post-operative pain. Neuropathic pain is associated with numerous
conditions which include, but are not limited to, inflammation,
postoperative pain, phantom limb pain, burn pain, gout, trigeminal
neuralgia, acute herpetic and postherpetic pain, causalgia,
diabetic neuropathy, plexus avulsion, neuroma, vasculitis, viral
infection, crush injury, constriction injury, tissue injury, limb
amputation, arthritis pain, and nerve injury between the peripheral
nervous system and the central nervous system.
[0172] The present compounds (such as any one of the title
compounds of EXAMPLES 5-25) and compositions are also useful for
treating pancreatitis or kidney disease (including proliferative
glomerulonephritis and diabetes-induced renal disease) in a mammal
(e.g., human).
[0173] The present compounds (such as any one of the title
compounds of EXAMPLES 5-25) and compositions are also useful for
the prevention of blastocyte implantation in a mammal (e.g.,
human).
[0174] The present invention includes a method of inhibiting
abnormal cell growth or treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a
mammal (e.g., human) comprising administering to said mammal a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I (and/or
solvates and/or salts thereof) or a composition thereof. Also
included in the present invention is a method of treating an
inflammatory disease in a mammal (e.g., human) comprising
administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of
a compound of formula I (and/or solvates and/or salts thereof) or a
composition thereof.
[0175] The present invention includes a method of inhibiting
abnormal cell growth or treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a
mammal (e.g., human) comprising administering to said mammal a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I (and/or
solvates and/or salts thereof) or a composition thereof, in
combination with a second chemotherapeutic agent such as those
described herein. The present invention also includes a method of
treating an inflammatory disease in a mammal (e.g., human)
comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound of formula I (and/or solvates and/or salts
thereof) or a composition thereof, in combination with a second
anti-inflammatory agent such as those described herein.
[0176] The present invention includes a method of treating an
autoimmune disease, destructive bone disorder, proliferative
disorders, infectious disease, viral disease, fibrotic disease or
neurodegenerative disease in a mammal (e.g., human) comprising
administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of
a compound of formula I (and/or solvates and salts thereof) or a
composition thereof, and optionally further comprising a second
therapeutic agent. Examples of such diseases/disorders include, but
are not limited to, diabetes and diabetic complications, diabetic
retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular
degeneration, hemangioma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, rhinitis
and atopic dermatitis, renal disease and renal failure, polycystic
kidney disease, congestive heart failure, neurofibromatosis, organ
transplant rejection, cachexia, stroke, septic shock, heart
failure, organ transplant rejection, Alzheimer's disease, chronic
or neuropathic pain, and viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis
(B) virus (HBV), human papilloma virus (HPV), cytomegalovirus
(CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
[0177] The present invention includes a method of treating
pancreatitis or kidney disease (including proliferative
glomerulonephritis and diabetes-induced renal disease) in a mammal
(e.g., human) comprising administering to said mammal a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I (and/or
solvates and salts thereof) or a composition thereof, and
optionally further comprising a second therapeutic agent.
[0178] The present invention includes a method for preventing of
blastocyte implantation in a mammal (e.g., human) comprising
administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of
a compound of formula I (and/or solvates and salts thereof) or a
composition thereof, and optionally further comprising a second
therapeutic agent.
[0179] The present invention includes a method of using the present
compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment
of mammalian cells, organisms, or associated pathological
conditions.
[0180] It is also believed that the compounds of the present
invention can render abnormal cells more sensitive to treatment
with radiation for purposes of killing and/or inhibiting the growth
of such cells. Accordingly, this invention further relates to a
method for sensitizing abnormal cells in a mammal (e.g., human) to
treatment with radiation which comprises administering to said
mammal an amount of a compound of formula I (and/or solvates and
salts thereof) or a composition thereof, which amount is effective
is sensitizing abnormal cells to treatment with radiation.
[0181] Administration of the compounds of the present invention
(hereinafter the "active compound(s)") can be effected by any
method that enables delivery of the compounds to the site of
action. These methods include oral routes, intraduodenal routes,
parenteral injection (including intravenous, subcutaneous,
intramuscular, intravascular or infusion), topical, inhalation and
rectal administration.
[0182] The amount of the active compound administered will be
dependent on the subject being treated, the severity of the
disorder or condition, the rate of administration, the disposition
of the compound and the discretion of the prescribing physician.
However, an effective dosage is in the range of about 0.001 to
about 100 mg per kg body weight per day, preferably about 1 to
about 35 mg/kg/day, in single or divided doses. For a 70 kg human,
this would amount to about 0.05 to 7 g/day, preferably about 0.05
to about 2.5 g/day. In some instances, dosage levels below the
lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while
in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing
any harmful side effect, provided that such larger doses are first
divided into several small doses for administration throughout the
day.
[0183] The active compound may be applied as a sole therapy or in
combination with one or more chemotherapeutic or anti-inflammatory
agents, for example those described herein. Such conjoint treatment
may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate
dosing of the individual components of treatment.
[0184] The pharmaceutical composition may, for example, be in a
form suitable for oral administration as a tablet, capsule, pill,
powder, sustained release formulations, solution, suspension, for
parenteral injection as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion,
for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal
administration as a suppository. The pharmaceutical composition may
be in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of
precise dosages. The pharmaceutical composition will include a
conventional pharmaceutical carrier or excipient and a compound
according to the invention as an active ingredient. In addition, it
may include other medicinal or pharmaceutical agents, carriers,
adjuvants, etc.
[0185] Exemplary parenteral administration forms include solutions
or suspensions of active compounds in sterile aqueous solutions,
for example, aqueous propylene glycol or dextrose solutions. Such
dosage forms can be suitably buffered, if desired.
[0186] Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert diluents or
fillers, water and various organic solvents. The pharmaceutical
compositions may, if desired, contain additional ingredients such
as flavorings, binders, excipients and the like. Thus for oral
administration, tablets containing various excipients, such as
citric acid may be employed together with various disintegrants
such as starch, alginic acid and certain complex silicates and with
binding agents such as sucrose, gelatin and acacia. Additionally,
lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl
sulfate and talc are often useful for tableting purposes. Solid
compositions of a similar type may also be employed in soft and
hard filled gelatin capsules. Preferred materials, therefore,
include lactose or milk sugar and high molecular weight
polyethylene glycols. When aqueous suspensions or elixirs are
desired for oral administration the active compound therein may be
combined with various sweetening or flavoring agents, coloring
matters or dyes and, if desired, emulsifying agents or suspending
agents, together with diluents such as water, ethanol, propylene
glycol, glycerin, or combinations thereof.
[0187] Methods of preparing various pharmaceutical compositions
with a specific amount of active compound are known, or will be
apparent, to those skilled in this art. For examples, see
Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company,
Ester, Pa., 15.sup.th Edition (1975).
EXAMPLES
Abbreviations
[0188] nBuLi n-Butyllithium [0189] CDCl.sub.3 Deuterated chloroform
[0190] CD.sub.3OD Deuterated methanol [0191] CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2
Dichloromethane [0192] DCM Dichloromethane [0193] DIPEA
Diisopropylethylamine [0194] DMF Dimethylformamide [0195] DMSO
Dimethylsulfoxide [0196] Dppf 1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene
[0197] EDCI 1-Ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
hydrochloride [0198] Et.sub.3N Triethylamine [0199] Et.sub.2O
Diethyl ether [0200] HATU
O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate [0201] HCl Hydrochloric acid [0202] HMN
Diatomaceous earth [0203] HOBt 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole [0204]
H.sub.2SO.sub.4 Sulfuric acid [0205] ICl Iodine monochloride [0206]
IMS Industrial methylated spirits [0207] LHMDS Lithium
bis(trimethylsilyl)amide [0208] MeOH Methanol [0209] MgSO.sub.4
Magnesium sulfate [0210] NaHCO.sub.3 Sodium hydrogen carbonate
[0211] Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 Sodium sulfate [0212] NBS
N-Bromosuccinimide [0213] Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) [0214] Pd.sub.2dba.sub.3
Tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) [0215] Pd(dppf)Cl.sub.2
[1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) [0216]
Si-PPC Pre-packed silica flash chromatography cartridge:
Isolute.RTM. SPE, [0217] Biotage SNAP.RTM. or ISCO Redisep.RTM.
[0218] SCX-2 Isolute.RTM. silica-based sorbent with a chemically
bonded propylsulfonic acid functional group. [0219] THF
Tetrahydrofuran
[0220] General Experimental Conditions
[0221] .sup.1H NMR spectra were recorded at ambient temperature
using a Varian Unity Inova (400 MHz) spectrometer with a triple
resonance 5 mm probe. Chemical shifts are expressed in ppm relative
to tetramethylsilane. The following abbreviations have been used:
br=broad signal, s=singlet, d=doublet, dd=double doublet,
t=triplet, q=quartet, m=multiplet.
[0222] High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS)
experiments to determine retention times (R.sub.T) and associated
mass ions were performed using one of the following methods.
[0223] Method A: Experiments performed on a Waters Micromass ZQ
quadrupole mass spectrometer linked to a Hewlett Packard HP1100 LC
system with diode array detector. This system uses a Higgins
Clipeus 5 micron C18 100.times.3.0 mm column and a 1 ml/minute flow
rate. The initial solvent system was 95% water containing 0.1%
formic acid (solvent A) and 5% acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic
acid (solvent B) for the first minute followed by a gradient up to
5% solvent A and 95% solvent B over the next 14 minutes. The final
solvent system was held constant for a further 5 minutes.
[0224] Method B: Experiments performed on a Waters Platform LC
quadrupole mass spectrometer linked to a Hewlett Packard HP1100 LC
system with diode array detector and 100 position autosampler using
a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) 30.times.4.6 mm column and a 2 ml/minute
flow rate. The solvent system was 95% water containing 0.1% formic
acid (solvent A) and 5% acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid
(solvent B) for the first 0.50 minutes followed by a gradient up to
5% solvent A and 95% solvent B over the next 4 minutes. The final
solvent system was held constant for a further 0.50 minutes.
[0225] Method C: Experiments performed on a PE Sciex API 150 EX
quadrupole mass spectrometer linked to a Shimadzu LC-10AD LC system
with diode array detector and 225 position autosampler using a
Kromasil C18 50.times.4.6 mm column and a 3 ml/minute flow rate.
The solvent system was a gradient starting with 100% water with
0.05% TFA (solvent A) and 0% acetonitrile with 0.0375% TFA (solvent
B), ramping up to 10% solvent A and 90% solvent B over 4 minutes.
The final solvent system was held constant for a further 0.50
minutes.
[0226] Method D: Experiments performed on an Agilent Technologies
liquid chromatography mass spectrometer linked to an Agilent
Technologies Series 1200 LC system with diode array detector using
a Zorbax 1.8 micron SB-C18 30.times.2.1 mm column with a 1.5
ml/minute flow rate. Method D1: The initial solvent system was 95%
water containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent A) and 5%
acetonitrile containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent B),
followed by a gradient up to 5% solvent A and 95% solvent B over
1.5 minutes. The final solvent system was held constant for a
further 1 minute. Method D2: The initial solvent system was 95%
water containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent A) and 5%
acetonitrile containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent B),
followed by a gradient up to 5% solvent A and 95% solvent B over
3.0 minutes. The final solvent system was held constant for a
further 1 minute.
[0227] Method E: Experiments performed on an Agilent Technologies
liquid chromatography mass spectrometer linked to an Agilent
Technologies Series 1200 LC system with diode array detector using
a Zorbax 1.8 micron SB-C18 30.times.2.1 mm column with a 0.6
ml/minute flow rate. Method E1: The initial solvent system was 95%
water containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent A) and 5%
acetonitrile containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent B),
followed by a gradient up to 5% solvent A and 95% solvent B over
9.0 minutes. The final solvent system was held constant for a
further 1 minute. Method E2: The initial solvent system was 95%
water containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent A) and 5%
acetonitrile containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent B),
followed by a gradient up to 5% solvent A and 95% solvent B over
20.0 minutes. The final solvent system was held constant for a
further 1 minute.
[0228] Microwave experiments were carried out using a Personal
Chemistry Emrys Iniatiator.TM. or Optimizer.TM., which uses a
single-mode resonator and dynamic field tuning, both of which give
reproducibility and control. Temperature from 40-250.degree. C. can
be achieved, and pressures of up to 20 bar can be reached.
Example 1
MEK Assay (MEK Activity Assay)
[0229] Constitutively activated human mutant MEK1 expressed in
insect cells is used as source of enzymatic activity at a final
concentration in the kinase assay of 15 nM.
[0230] The assay is carried out for 30 minutes in the presence of
50 .mu.M ATP using recombinant GST-ERK1 produced in E. Coli as
substrate. Phosphorylation of the substrate is detected and
quantified using HTRF reagents supplied by Cisbio. These consist of
an anti-GST antibody conjugated to allophycocyanin (XL665) and an
anti-phospho (Thr202/Tyr204) ERK antibody conjugated to
europium-cryptate. These are used at a final concentration of 4
.mu.g/ml and 0.84 .mu.g/ml respectively. The anti-phospho antibody
recognises ERK1 dually phosphorylated on Thr202 and Tyr204. When
both antibodies are bound to ERK1 (i.e. when the substrate is
phosphorylated), energy transfer from the cryptate to the
allophycocyanin occurs following excitation at 340 nm, resulting in
fluorescence being emitted that is proportional to the amount of
phosphorylated substrate produced. Fluorescence is detected using a
multiwell fluorimeter.
[0231] Compounds are diluted in DMSO prior to addition to assay
buffer and the final DMSO concentration in the assay is 1%.
[0232] The IC.sub.50 is defined as the concentration at which a
given compound achieves 50% inhibition of control. IC.sub.50 values
are calculated using the XLfit software package (version
2.0.5).
[0233] Title compounds of Examples 5-20 and 22-24 exhibited an
IC.sub.50 of less than 0.5 .mu.M in the assay described in Example
1. Some of these compounds exhibited an IC.sub.50 of less than 0.1
.mu.M in the assay described in Example 1. Title compounds of
Examples 21 and 25 exhibited an IC.sub.50 of less than 10 .mu.M in
the assay described in Example 1.
Example 2
bRaf Assay (MEK Activation Assay)
[0234] Constitutively activated bRaf mutant expressed in insect
cells is used as source of enzymatic activity.
[0235] The assay is carried out for 30 minutes in the presence of
200 .mu.M ATP using recombinant GST-MEK1 produced in E. Coli as
substrate. Phosphorylation of the substrate is detected and
quantified using HTRF, and reagents are supplied by Cisbio. These
consist of an anti-GST antibody conjugated to allophycocyanin
(XL665) and an anti-phospho (Ser217/Ser221) MEK antibody conjugated
to europium-cryptate. The anti-phospho antibody recognises MEK
dually phosphorylated on Ser217 and Ser221 or singly phosphorylated
on Ser217. When both antibodies are bound to MEK (i.e. when the
substrate is phosphorylated), energy transfer from the cryptate to
the allophycocyanin occurs following excitation at 340 nm,
resulting in fluorescence being emitted that is proportional to the
amount of phosphorylated substrate produced. Fluorescence is
detected using a multi-well fluorimeter.
[0236] Compounds are diluted in DMSO prior to addition to assay
buffer and the final DMSO concentration in the assay is 1%.
[0237] The IC.sub.50 is defined as the concentration at which a
given compound achieves 50% inhibition of control. IC.sub.50 values
are calculated using the XLfit software package (version
2.0.5).
Example 3
Cell Proliferation Assay
[0238] Compounds are tested in a cell proliferation assay using the
following cell lines:
[0239] HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma (ATCC)
[0240] A375 human malignant melanoma (ATCC)
[0241] Both cell lines are maintained in DMEM/F12 (1:1) media
(Gibco) supplemented with 10% FCS at 37.degree. C. in a 5% CO.sub.2
humidified incubator.
[0242] Cells are seeded in 96-well plates at 2,000 cells/well and
after 24 hours they are exposed to different concentrations of
compounds in 0.83% DMSO. Cells are grown for a further 72 h, and an
equal volume of CellTiter-Glo reagent (Promega) is added to each
well. This lyses the cells and generates a luminescent signal
proportional to the amount of ATP released (and therefore
proportional to the number of cells in the well) that can be
detected using a multi-well luminometer.
[0243] The EC.sub.50 is defined as the concentration at which a
given compound achieves 50% inhibition of control. IC.sub.50 values
are calculated using the XLfit software package (version
2.0.5).
[0244] In this assay, title compounds of Example 5-8, 11-13 and
18-20 exhibited an EC.sub.50 of less than 0.5 .mu.M in both cell
lines. Some of the title compounds of Examples 5-8, 11-13 and 18-20
exhibited an EC.sub.50 of less than 0.1 .mu.M in both cell lines.
Title compounds of Examples 9-10 and 14-17 exhibited an EC.sub.50
of less than 0.8 .mu.M in the HCT116 cell line.
Example 4
Phospho-ERK Cell-Based Assay
[0245] Compounds are tested in a cell-based phospho-ERK ELISA using
the following cell lines:
[0246] HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma (ATCC)
[0247] A375 human malignant melanoma (ATCC)
[0248] Both cell lines are maintained in DMEM/F12 (1:1) media
(Gibco) supplemented with 10% FCS at 37.degree. C. in a 5% CO.sub.2
humidified incubator.
[0249] Cells are seeded in 96-well plates at 2,000 cells/well and
after 24 h they are exposed to different concentrations of
compounds in 0.83% DMSO. Cells are grown for a further 2 h or 24 h,
fixed with formaldehyde (2% final) and permeabilised with methanol.
Following blocking with TBST-3% BSA, fixed cells are incubated with
primary antibody (anti-phospho ERK from rabbit) over-night at
4.degree. C. Cells are incubated with Propidium Iodide (DNA
fluorescent dye) and detection of cellular p-ERK is performed using
an anti-rabbit secondary antibody conjugated to the fluorescent
Alexa Fluor 488 dye (Molecular probes). The fluorescence is
analysed using the Acumen Explorer (TTP Labtech), a laser-scanning
microplate cytometer, and the Alexa Fluor 488 signal is normalised
to the PI signal (proportional to cell number).
[0250] The EC.sub.50 is defined as the concentration at which a
given compound achieves a signal half way between the baseline and
the maximum response. EC.sub.50 values are calculated using the
XLfit software package (version 2.0.5).
[0251] In this assay, title compounds of Examples 5-8, 11-12 and
18-20 exhibited an EC.sub.50 of less than 0.02 .mu.M in both cell
lines. Some of the title compounds of Examples 5-8, 12 and 18-20
exhibited an EC.sub.50 of less than 0.01 .mu.M in both cell lines.
Title compounds of Examples 9-10 and 13-17 exhibited an EC.sub.50
of less than 0.05 .mu.M in the HCT 116 cell line.
Synthesis of Imidazo[1,5-a]Pyridines
2-Fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamine
##STR00033##
[0252] Method A, Step 1:
(3-Fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-trimethylsilane
##STR00034##
[0254] 4-Chloro-2-fluoronitrobenzene (97.2 g, 0.55 mol) was
dissolved in xylenes (208 ml) and hexamethyldisilane (306 g, 2.78
mol) was added. Argon was bubbled through the mixture for 20 min,
then Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (16.2 g, 14 mmol) was added and the
mixture was heated under continuous flow of argon at 150.degree. C.
for 1 hour. A balloon of argon was then fitted and the mixture was
heated at 150.degree. C. for a further 60 hours. After cooling the
mixture was diluted with diethyl ether and filtered through a pad
of silica. The filter cake was washed with further diethyl ether,
and the combined filtrates were concentrated in vacuo. Purification
of the resultant residue by flash chromatography (SiO.sub.2, 98:1:1
pentane:CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2:Et.sub.2O eluent) gave the title compound
as an orange oil (76.7 g). Impure chromatography fractions were
combined and concentrated, and then subjected to vacuum
distillation (b.p. 110.degree. C., 6 mbar) to give a further
portion of the title compound as an orange oil (7.2 g, overall 83.9
g, 71%). .sup.1H NMR .delta. (DMSO-d.sub.6): 0.30 (9H, s), 7.56
(1H, d, J=8.02 Hz), 7.67 (1H, dd, J=11.49, 1.14 Hz), 8.10 (1H, t,
J=7.66 Hz).
Method A, Step 2: 2-Fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamine
[0255] A slurry of 10% wt. palladium on carbon (4.0 g) in IMS (25
mL) was added to a solution of
(3-fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-trimethylsilane (62.0 g, 0.29 mol) in IMS
(250 mL) and the reaction mixture flushed with nitrogen five times
then hydrogen three times. The reaction mixture was then stirred
under 3 bar pressure of hydrogen at room temperature for 4 hours.
The reaction mixture was then purged with nitrogen again before
filtering through a pad of Celite.RTM. with ethyl acetate washings.
The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the
title compound as a light brown oil (53.0 g, quantitative). .sup.1H
NMR (CDCl.sub.3) 7.16-7.09 (1H, m), 7.10 (1H, d, J=7.75 Hz), 6.81
(1H, t, J=8.16 Hz), 3.78 (2H, s), 0.26 (9H, s).
Method B, Step 2: 2-Fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamine
[0256] To a solution of 4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamine (114 g, 0.6
mol) in anhydrous THF (750 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added a 1.6M
solution of nBuLi in hexanes (1500 mL, 2.4 mol) dropwise keeping
the internal temperature below -60.degree. C., under an inert
atmosphere. The reaction mixture was treated dropwise with TMSCl
(256 mL, 2.0 mol), keeping the internal temperature below
-60.degree. C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to
0.degree. C. over a 1 hour period and poured into ice-cold 2M HCl
(ca. 1 L). The mixture was vigorously stirred for 10 min, then the
organic layer was separated, and washed with water and a saturated
solution of potassium carbonate, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered
and concentrated to give the title compound as a light brown oil
(89 g, 81%).
4-Cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenylamine
##STR00035##
[0257] Step 1: Trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid
3-fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl ester
##STR00036##
[0259] To a solution of 3-fluoro-4-nitrophenol (12.5 g, 80 mmol)
and trifluoromethane sulfonic anhydride (26.8 mL, 160 mmol) in DCM
(300 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added triethylamine (44.6 mL, 320
mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C.
for 2 hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred
for 18 hours. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water
and the mixture extracted with DCM. The organic layer was
separated, washed with water and then dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered
and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to
flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0 to 40% ethyl acetate in
cylcohexane) to give the title compound as a yellow oil (12.8 g,
56% yield). .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) 8.39 (1H, t, J=8.83
Hz), 8.12 (1H, dd, J=11.09, 2.65 Hz), 7.67 (1H, ddd, J=9.20, 2.62,
1.52 Hz).
Step 2: 4-Cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-1-nitro-benzene
##STR00037##
[0261] A stirred suspension of trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid
3-fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl ester (5.6 g, 19 mmol), cyclopropyl boronic
acid (2.09 g, 23.3 mmol) Pd(dppf)Cl.sub.2 (1.24 g, 1.5 mmol) and 2M
aqueous cesium carbonate (30 mL, 60 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was
degassed before being heated at 90.degree. C. under an argon
atmosphere for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool
to room temperature before filtering through a pad of Celite.RTM.,
washing with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was washed (water, brine),
and then dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
The resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography
(Si-PPC, gradient 0-30% ethyl acetate in pentane) to give the title
compound as a yellow solid (2.79 g, 81%). .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) 8.03 (1H, t, J=8.39 Hz), 7.28 (1H, dd,
J=13.19, 1.91 Hz), 7.16 (1H, dd, J=8.61, 1.90 Hz), 2.14-2.05 (1H,
m), 1.21-1.05 (2H, m), 0.92-0.82 (2H, m).
Step 3: 4-Cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenylamine
[0262] A slurry of palladium on carbon (200 mg, 10% wt.) in IMS was
added to a degassed solution of
4-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-1-nitro-benzene (1.45 g, 8 mmol) in IMS (50
mL), the atmosphere was evacuated and back-filled with nitrogen
then re-evacuated and back-filled with hydrogen. The reaction
mixture was stirred under 1 atmosphere pressure of hydrogen at room
temperature for 24 hours before filtering through a pad of
Celite.RTM. then washing with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was
concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a pale purple
residue (1.19 g, 98%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 6.72-6.63
(3H, m), 3.56 (2H, s), 1.83-1.75 (1H, m), 0.93-0.82 (2H, m),
0.59-0.54 (2H, m).
2-(2-Fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-6-formylaminomethyl-nicotinic
acid methyl ester
##STR00038##
[0263] Step 1:
6-Chloro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)nicotinic
acid
##STR00039##
[0265] To a cold (-78.degree. C.) solution of
2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamine (64.7 g, 353 mmol) in
anhydrous THF (170 mL) was added a solution of LHMDS (555 mL, 1 M
in hexanes, 555 mmol) dropwise over 45 minutes under a nitrogen
atmosphere. After 2.5 hours at -78.degree. C., a solution of
2,6-dichloro-nicotinic acid (33.8 g, 177 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(100 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78.degree.
C. for 30 minutes then allowed to warm to room temperature. After
18 hours stirring at room temperature the reaction was quenched
with crushed ice and the pH adjusted to pH 1 by the addition of
concentrated HCl (ca. 90 mL). The resultant solution was extracted
with ethyl acetate and the organic layer washed with water followed
by brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in
vacuo. The resultant residue was triturated three times
successively with methanol and filtered to afford the title
compound as a yellow solid (46.7 g, 78%). LCMS (method B):
R.sub.T=4.83 min, M+H.sup.+=339.
Step 2:
6-Chloro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic acid
methyl ester
##STR00040##
[0267] To a suspension of
6-chloro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic acid
(33.7 g, 99.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (500 mL) at 0.degree. C. was
added DIPEA (17.1 mL, 99.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred
for 10 minutes, then DMF (2 mL) and oxalyl chloride (8.7 mL, 99.5
mmol) were added dropwise (CAUTION: EFFERVESCENCE). The reaction
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and then added
dropwise to a solution of DIPEA (17.1 mL, 99.5 mmol) in MeOH (500
mL) at 0.degree. C. over a 45 minutes period. The reaction mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours before being
concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was dissolved in ethyl
acetate and washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium
hydrogen carbonate, followed by water, then brine, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in vacuo to afford the
title compound as a brown foam which was used without purification
into the next step (36.4 g). LCMS (method B) R.sub.T=5.35 min,
M+H.sup.+=353.
Step 3:
6-Cyano-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic acid
methyl ester
##STR00041##
[0269] A degassed suspension of
6-chloro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic acid
methyl ester (4.8 g, 12.4 mmol), zinc cyanide (1.2 g, 10.2 mmol),
and Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (1.6 g, 1.36 mmol) in dimethylformamide (14
mL) was subjected to microwave irradiation at 190.degree. C. for 20
minutes. This procedure was repeated seven times and all the
reaction mixtures were combined and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with a
saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The
aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate three
times. The combined organic extracts were washed with water and
then brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in
vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography
(silica, gradient 0% to 100%, diethyl ether in pentane) to afford
the title compound as a yellow solid (18.2 g). LCMS (method B):
R.sub.T=4.74 min, M+H.sup.+=344.
Step 4:
6-Aminomethyl-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)nicotinic
acid methyl ester
##STR00042##
[0271] To a suspension of
6-cyano-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic acid
methyl ester (13.1 g, 38.2 mmol) in methanol (285 mL) was added
cobalt (II) chloride (18.2 g, 76.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was
cooled to 0.degree. C. and sodium borohydride (14.5 g, 382 mmol)
was added in small portions over 20 minutes (CAUTION:
EFFERVESCENCE). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C.
for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched by the addition of
concentrated hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and the mixture stirred at
0.degree. C. for 10 minutes and at room temperature for 45 minutes.
Diethylenetriamine (9 mL) was then added and the mixture stirred
for a further 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered to
remove a white solid, which was washed with dichloromethane. The
filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant residue was
dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with a saturated solution of
sodium hydrogen carbonate, followed by water then brine. The
organic phase was isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a brown solid
(13.2 g, 100%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=2.82 min,
M+H.sup.+348.
Step 5:
2-(2-Fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-6-formylaminomethyl-ni-
cotinic acid methyl ester
[0272] A solution of
6-aminomethyl-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic
acid methyl ester (13.2 g, 38.2 mmol) in formic acid (200 mL) and
acetic anhydride (40 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 1
hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the
residue azeotroped with toluene. The resultant residue was
dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with a saturated aqueous
solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, followed by brine. The
organic phase was isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a yellow
solid (12.7 g, 89%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=4.17 min,
M+H.sup.+=376.
5-Chloro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00043##
[0273] Step 1, Method A: 6-Bromomethyl-2-chloronicotinic acid
methyl ester
##STR00044##
[0275] To a solution of 2-chloro-6-methylnicotinic acid methyl
ester (100 g, 0.54 mol) in DCE (1.0 L) was added re-crystallised
N-bromosuccinimide (124.7 g, 0.70 mol) and benzoylperoxide (13.1 g,
0.05 mol). The reaction mixture was heated at 70.degree. C. for 16
hours, during which the reagents dissolved to give a dark red
solution. The reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous
sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (200 mL) causing the red colour
to fade to yellow. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM
(2.times.100 mL). The combined organic fractions were washed with
brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo to
give the crude product (<138 g, <0.54 mol) as a yellow oil
containing approximately 40% desired product. .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 8.18 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.48 (1H, d, J=7.9
Hz), 4.51 (2H, s), 3.94 (3H, s).
Step 1, Method B: Alternative method
6-Bromomethyl-2-chloronicotinic acid methyl ester
##STR00045##
[0277] To a mechanically stirred solution of
2-chloro-6-methylnicotinic acid methyl ester (147 g, 0.79 mol) in
DCE (1.5 L) was added 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (181.8 g,
0.635 mol) and AIBN (6.35 g, 0.04 mol). The reaction mixture was
heated at 65.degree. C. for 72 hours, during which the reagents
dissolved to give a dark red/brown solution. The reaction mixture
was cooled and diluted with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen
carbonate solution (1 L) causing the red colour to fade to yellow.
The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with
DCM (2.times.750 mL). The combined organic fractions were washed
with water (1 L), sat. saline (1 L), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
concentrated in vacuo. The resultant yellow oil (235 g), containing
approximately 46% desired product, was used crude in the next step
without further purification. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz)
8.18 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.48 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 4.51 (2H, s), 3.94
(3H, s).
Step 2, Method A: 2-Chloro-6-diformylaminomethylnicotinic acid
methyl ester
##STR00046##
[0279] To a solution of crude 6-bromomethyl-2-chloronicotinic acid
methyl ester (<138 g, <0.54 mol) in DMF (400 mL) was added
sodium diformamide (56.3 g, 0.59 mol) and the reaction mixture
stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture
rapidly darkened and a small exotherm was observed. The reaction
mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue dissolved in
ethyl acetate (200 mL). The resultant solution was washed with
water (400 mL) and the aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate
(2.times.200 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with
brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was dry-loaded onto silica (150 g) and the
residue subjected to flash chromatography (SiO.sub.2 400 g, 40%
ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to yield the title compound as a
yellow solid (46 g, 33% over two steps). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
400 MHz) 8.46 (2H, br s), 7.56 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 6.66 (1H, d,
J=7.9 Hz), 4.39 (2H, br s), 3.36 (3H, s).
Step 2, Method B: 2-Chloro-6-diformylaminomethylnicotinic acid
methyl ester
[0280] To a solution of crude 6-bromomethyl-2-chloronicotinic acid
methyl ester (235 g) in DMF (500 mL) was added sodium diformamide
(82 g, 0.878 mol) portion wise, maintaining the temperature below
30.degree. C., and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature
for 16 hours (N.B. the reaction mixture rapidly darkened and a
small exotherm was observed). The reaction mixture was concentrated
in vacuo and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate (400 mL). The
resultant solution was washed with water (2.times.400 mL) and the
aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate (2.times.300 mL). The
combined organic extracts were washed with brine (200 mL), dried
(MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was
dry-loaded onto silica (200 g) and the residue subjected to flash
chromatography (SiO.sub.2 300 g, 10-30% ethyl acetate in
cyclohexane) to yield the title compound as a yellow solid (90.2 g,
44% over two steps). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 8.46 (2H, br
s), 7.56 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 6.66 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 4.39 (2H, br
s), 3.36 (3H, s).
Step 3, Method A: 2-Chloro-6-formylaminomethylnicotinic acid methyl
ester
##STR00047##
[0282] To a solution of 2-chloro-6-diformylaminomethylnicotinic
acid methyl ester (53.0 g, 0.21 mol) in methanol (300 mL) was added
water (3.72 mL, 0.21 mol) and formic acid (15.6 mL, 0.42 mol)
before the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 16 hours. The
reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue
dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL). The resultant solution was
washed with water (200 mL) and the aqueous layer extracted with
ethyl acetate (2.times.100 mL). The combined organic extracts were
washed with brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in
vacuo to yield the title compound as an orange oil which solidified
on standing (42.6 g, 90%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 8.34
(1H, s), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 6.63 (1H,
br s), 4.63 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 3.96 (3H, s).
Step 3, Method B: 2-Chloro-6-formylaminomethylnicotinic acid methyl
ester
[0283] To a solution of 2-chloro-6-diformylaminomethylnicotinic
acid methyl ester (90.2 g, 0.352 mol) in methanol (530 mL) was
added water (8 mL, 0.44 mol) and formic acid (27.6 mL, 0.73 mol)
before the reaction mixture was heated at gentle reflux for 16
hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the
residue dissolved in ethyl acetate (400 mL). The resultant solution
was washed with water (400 mL) and the aqueous layer extracted with
ethyl acetate (2.times.200 mL). The combined organic extracts were
washed with brine (300 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in
vacuo to yield the title compound as an orange oil which solidified
on standing (79.78 g, 99%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 8.34
(1H, s), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 6.63 (1H,
br s), 4.63 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 3.96 (3H, s).
Step 4: 5-Chloroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid methyl
ester
[0284] To a suspension of 2-chloro-6-formylaminomethylnicotinic
acid methyl ester (42.6 g, 0.19 mol) in toluene (400 mL) was added
phosphorous (V) oxychloride (18.2 mL, 0.20 mol) and the reaction
mixture heated at 65.degree. C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture
was cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate (200
mL) before treating with sodium hydroxide solution (2 M) to adjust
pH .about.8. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer
extracted with ethyl acetate (2.times.100 mL). The combined organic
extracts were washed with brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) then
charcoal (.about.5 g) was added and the solution mixed for 5
minutes before being filtered and concentrated in vacuo to yield
the title compound as a tan solid (34.4 g, 88%) .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 8.52 (1H, s), 7.57 (1H, s), 7.45 (1H, d,
J=9.3 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J=9.1 Hz), 3.97 (3H, s).
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid
##STR00048##
[0285] Step 1:
2-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-6-formylaminomethylnicotinic acid
methyl ester
##STR00049##
[0287] To a solution of
2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanylphenylamino)-6-formylamino
methyl-nicotinic acid methyl ester (10.3 g, 27.4 mmol) in DCM (275
mL) at 0.degree. C. was added dropwise iodine monochloride as a
solution in DCM (54.9 mL, 1M, 54.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was
stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was washed
with aqueous sodium metabisulfite (100 mL, 0.5 M) and the aqueous
layer extracted twice with ethyl acetate (2.times.50 mL). The
combined organic extracts were washed with brine (50 mL), dried
(MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title
compound as an orange gum (11.6 g, 100%). LCMS (Method B):
R.sub.T=3.72 min, M+H.sup.+=430.
Step 2:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester
##STR00050##
[0289] To a suspension of
2-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-6-formylaminomethylnicotinic acid
methyl ester (11.6 g, 27.4 mmol) in toluene (160 mL) was added
phosphorous (V) oxychloride (5.1 mL, 54.8 mmol) and the reaction
mixture heated at 95.degree. C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture
was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant residue poured onto
ice. The mixture was washed with aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen
carbonate solution (40 mL) and the aqueous layer extracted twice
with ethyl acetate (2.times.30 mL). The combined organic extracts
were washed with brine (30 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to flash
chromatography (SiO.sub.2, gradient 0-70% ethyl acetate in DCM) to
yield the title compound as a brown oil (5.6 g, 50%). LCMS (Method
B): R.sub.T=3.62 min, M+H.sup.+=412.
Step 3:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid
[0290] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (5.6 g, 13.6 mmol) in IMS (50 mL) was added
aqueous sodium hydroxide (27.2 mL, 1M, 27.2 mmol) and the reaction
mixture stirred at 65.degree. C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture
was concentrated in vacuo to remove the IMS. The resultant solution
was acidified to pH .about.5 by addition of aqueous hydrochloric
acid (1M) causing a precipitate to form. The product was collected
by filtration and dried under vacuum at 45.degree. C. to yield the
title compound as a beige solid (5.4 g, 100%). LCMS (Method B):
R.sub.T=2.79 min, M+H.sup.+=398.
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester, Method A
##STR00051##
[0292] To a solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide (9.98 mL,
1M solution, 9.98 mmol) in THF (20 mL) under nitrogen at
-70.degree. C. was added dropwise, over 15 minutes, a solution of
2-fluoro-4-iodo aniline (1.01 g, 4.28 mmol) and
5-chloro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1.0
g, 4.75 mmol) in THF (20 mL) giving a bright red solution. After
stirring for 30 minutes at -78.degree. C. the reaction mixture was
allowed to warm and then quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium
chloride (200 mL). The mixture was extracted twice with ethyl
acetate, before the combined organic extracts were dried
(MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant
residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient
0-40% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to yield the title compound as
a yellow solid (1.15 g, 65%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=3.54 min,
M+H.sup.+=412.
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester, Method B
[0293] To a stirred suspension 2-fluoro-4-iodo aniline (53.95 g,
0.256 mol) and 5-chloro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid
methyl ester (62.0 g, 0.253 mol) in THF (500 mL) under nitrogen at
-78.degree. C., a solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide
(544 mL, 1M solution, 0.544 mol) was added dropwise over 1 hr,
maintaining the temperature below -65.degree. C., giving a
red/brown solution. After stirring for 30 minutes at -78.degree. C.
the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -30.degree. C. and then
quenched with addition water (100 mL). The solvent was removed in
vacuo, before diluting with water (500 ml) and the mixture was
extracted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2.times.500 mL). The
combined organic extracts were washed with water, then brine, dried
(MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant
residue was triturated tert-butyl methyl ether (600 mL) to yield
product as yellow/brown solid (87.2 g 83%). LCMS (Method B):
R.sub.T=3.54 min, [M+H].sup.+=412.
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid
##STR00052##
[0294] Step 1:
2-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-6-formylaminomethylnicotinic acid
methyl ester
##STR00053##
[0296] To a solution of
2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanylphenylamino)-6-formylamino
methyl-nicotinic acid methyl ester (11.6 g, 30.9 mmol) in DCM (300
mL) at -30.degree. C. was added N-bromo succinimide (5.56 g, 30.9
mmol) portionwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at -30.degree.
C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo
and the residue partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium
hydrogen carbonate and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was
separated and washed with water, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered
and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as an orange
gum (11.8 g, 100%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=3.67 min,
M+H.sup.+=382/384.
Step 2:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyli-
c acid methyl ester
##STR00054##
[0298] To a solution of
2-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-6-formylaminomethylnicotinic acid
methyl ester (11.8 g, 30.9 mmol) in toluene (550 mL) was added
phosphorous (V) oxychloride (3.16 mL, 34 mmol) and the reaction
mixture heated at 95.degree. C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture
was concentrated in vacuo and treated with aqueous saturated sodium
hydrogen carbonate solution then extracted twice with ethyl
acetate. The combined organic fractions were washed with brine,
dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant
residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient
0-30% ethyl acetate in DCM) to yield the title compound as a brown
oil (5.4 g, 49%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=3.56 min,
M+H.sup.+=364/366.
Step 3:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyli-
c acid
[0299] To a solution of
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (5.4 g, 15 mmol) in IMS (110 mL) was added
aqueous sodium hydroxide (30 mL, 1M, 30 mmol) and the reaction
mixture stirred at 65.degree. C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction
mixture was concentrated in vacuo to .about.50 mL volume and the
resultant solution was acidified to pH .about.2 by addition of
aqueous hydrochloric acid (1M) causing a precipitate to form. The
precipitate was collected by filtration and dried under vacuum at
35.degree. C. to yield the title compound as a dark tan solid (4.48
g, 85%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=2.81 min, M+H.sup.+=350/352.
5-(2-Fluoro-4-cyclopropylphenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid
##STR00055##
[0300] Step 1:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-cyclopropylphenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester
##STR00056##
[0302] To a solution of 2-fluoro-4-cyclopropyl aniline (395 mg,
2.61 mmol) and 5-chloro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid
methyl ester (500 mg, 2.37 mmol) in THF under nitrogen at
-70.degree. C. (20 mL) was added lithium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide
(4.98 mL, 1M solution, 4.98 mmol) dropwise. After stirring for 1
hour at -70.degree. C. the reaction mixture was allowed to warm and
then quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture
was extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), the organic extract
dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 0-50% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to yield the title
compound (573 mg, 60%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=3.60 min,
M+H.sup.+=326.
Step 2:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-cyclopropylphenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-car-
boxylic acid
[0303] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-cyclopropylphenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (573 mg, 1.73 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added
aqueous sodium hydroxide (10 mL, 1M, 10 mmol) and the reaction
mixture stirred at 70.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The reaction
mixture was concentrated in vacuo to .about.20 mL volume and the
resultant solution diluted with water (20 mL) and filtered. The
filtrate was acidified to pH .about.1 by addition of aqueous
hydrochloric acid (1M) causing a precipitate to form. The
precipitate was collected by filtration and dried under vacuum at
45.degree. C. to yield the title compound as a dark tan solid (476
mg, 87%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=2.81 min, M+H.sup.+=318.
5-(2-Fluoro-4-methansulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid, Method A
##STR00057##
[0304] Step 1:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbox-
ylic acid methyl ester
##STR00058##
[0306] To a solution of 2-fluoro-4-methanesulfanyl phenyl amine
(410 mg, 2.61 mmol) and
5-chloro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester (500
mg, 2.37 mmol) in THF under nitrogen at -70.degree. C. (20 mL) was
added lithium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide (4.98 mL, 1M solution, 4.98
mmol) dropwise. After stirring for 30 minutes at -70.degree. C. the
reaction mixture was allowed to warm and then quenched with
saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was extracted with
ethyl acetate (150 mL), the organic extract washed with brine,
dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 0-50% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to yield the title
compound (471 mg, 73%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=3.39 min,
M+H.sup.+=332.
Step 2:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-methansulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-
-carboxylic acid
[0307] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-methanesulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbo-
xylic acid methyl ester (471 mg, 1.45 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was
added aqueous sodium hydroxide (10 mL, 1M, 10 mmol) and the
reaction mixture stirred at 70.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The
reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to .about.20 mL volume
and the resultant solution diluted with water (20 mL) before being
acidified to pH .about.1 by addition of aqueous hydrochloric acid
(1M) causing a precipitate to form. The precipitate was collected
by filtration and dried under vacuum at 45.degree. C. to yield the
title compound as a dark tan solid (413 mg, 87%). LCMS (Method B):
R.sub.T=2.98 min, [M+H].sup.+=312.
5-(2-Fluoro-4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid, Method B
##STR00059##
[0308] Step 1: Pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester
##STR00060##
[0310] To a suspension of pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (20 g, 120
mmol) in dichloromethane (396 mL) and DMF (6.6 mL) was added oxalyl
chloride (60.96 g, 480 mmol) dropwise over 20 minutes. After 16
hours at ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated
in vacuo and the residue azeotroped with toluene. The residue was
taken up in cold (0.degree. C.) methanol (276 mL) and stirred for
15 minutes. The resultant solution was concentrated in vacuo and
the residue taken up in ethyl acetate. The mixture was washed with
a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, water and
brine. A portion of the product was collected as a white
precipitate. The organic phase was isolated, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford
the title compound as a white solid (combined material obtained:
22.93 g, 98%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=2.48 min,
[M+H].sup.+=196.
Step 2: 1-Oxy-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester
##STR00061##
[0312] To a cold (0.degree. C.) solution of
pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (22.93 g, 118 mmol)
in dichloromethane (472 mL) was added 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (62.5
g, 278 mmol) portionwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm
to ambient temperature. After stirring for 18 hours, the reaction
mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the resultant residue was
adsorbed onto HMN and subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 0% to 100%, ethyl acetate in hexane) to afford the title
compound as a pale yellow oil (17.08 g, 69%). LCMS (method B):
R.sub.T=1.64 min, [M+H].sup.+=212.
Step 3: 6-Chloro-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester
##STR00062##
[0314] To a solution of 1-oxy-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid
dimethyl ester (17.08 g, 81 mmol) in toluene (450 mL) was added
phosphorous oxychloride (8.3 mL, 89 mmol). The reaction mixture was
heated to 95.degree. C. and stirred for 1.5 hours. The reaction was
quenched by the addition of water and the mixture diluted with
ethyl acetate. The solution was washed with a saturated aqueous
solution of sodium bicarbonate, water and brine. The organic phase
was isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated
in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid (11.97
g, 65%) which was used without purification in the next step. LCMS
(method B): R.sub.T=2.77 min, [M+H].sup.+=230.
Step 4: 2-Chloro-6-hydroxymethyl-nicotinic acid methyl ester
##STR00063##
[0316] A cold (0.degree. C.) suspension of calcium chloride (19.54
g, 176 mmol) and sodium borohydride (4.18 g, 110 mmol) in anhydrous
ethanol (176 mL) and anhydrous THF (88 mL) was stirred for 1 hour,
after which 6-chloro-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester
(9.97 g, 44 mmol) was added. After stirring at 0.degree. C. for a
further 6 hours, the reaction was quenched by the addition of
H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (35 mL, 5M). The reaction mixture was diluted with
ethyl acetate and filtered through Celite.RTM.. The filtrate was
washed with 1M NaOH, water and brine, the organic phase was
isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography
(Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 100%, ethyl acetate in hexane) to afford
the title compound as a yellow oil (6.14 g, 69%). LCMS (method B):
R.sub.T=2.34 min, [M+H].sup.+=202.
Step 5: 6-Azidomethyl-2-chloro-nicotinic acid methyl ester
##STR00064##
[0318] To a cold (0.degree. C.) solution of
2-chloro-6-hydroxymethyl-nicotinic acid methyl ester (4.98 g, 24.8
mmol) in dichloromethane (161 mL) was added mesyl chloride (2.5 mL,
29.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room
temperature and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate and washed with a saturated aqueous solution of
sodium bicarbonate, water and brine. The organic phase was
isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. The resultant residue was taken up in dimethylformamide (62
mL) and sodium azide (4.03 g, 62 mmol) added. After stirring at
room temperature for 16 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to
0.degree. C., quenched with water (ca. 50 mL), and extracted three
times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed
with water and brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to flash
chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 50%, ethyl acetate in
hexane) to afford the title compound as a pale yellow oil (4.76 g,
85%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=3.22 min, [M+H].sup.+=227.
Step 6: 6-Aminomethyl-2-chloro-nicotinic acid methyl ester
##STR00065##
[0320] To a solution of 6-azidomethyl-2-chloro-nicotinic acid
methyl ester (4.75 g, 21 mmol) in THF (189 mL) and water (3.6 mL)
was added triphenylphosphine (11 g, 42 mmol), the reaction mixture
was heated at 45.degree. C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was
concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue azeotroped with
methanol. The resultant residue was subjected to flash
chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 10%, methanol in
dichloromethane) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid.
LCMS (method B): R.sub.T 2.65 min, [M+H].sup.+=201.
Step 7: 2-Chloro-6-formylaminomethyl-nicotinic acid methyl
ester
##STR00066##
[0322] To a solution of 6-aminomethyl-2-chloro-nicotinic acid
methyl ester (740 mg, 3.7 mmol) in formic acid (18.5 mL) was added
acetic anhydride (3.7 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in
vacuo and azeotroped three times with toluene to afford the title
compound as a yellow oil (757 mg, 90%) which was used without
purification in the next step. LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=2.20 min,
[M+H].sup.+=229.
Step 8:
2-(2-Fluoro-4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-6-formylaminomethyl-nico-
tinic acid methyl ester
##STR00067##
[0324] To a solution of 2-chloro-6-formylaminomethyl-nicotinic acid
methyl ester (123 mg, 0.54 mmol) in toluene (1.6 mL) was added
potassium phosphate (119 mg, 0.76 mmol),
2-fluoro-4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamine (102 mg, 0.65 mmol),
tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (12.8 mg, 0.014 mmol) and
dicyclohexyl-(2',6'-diisopropoxy-biphenyl-2-yl)-phosphane (25 mg,
0.054 mmol). The reaction mixture was degassed with argon then
heated at 100.degree. C. After 25 hours, the reaction mixture was
cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with a saturated
aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, water then brine. The
organic phase was isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with ethyl
acetate to afford the title compound as a bright yellow solid (43
mg, 23%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=3.53 min, [M+H].sup.+=350.
Step 9:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-
-carboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00068##
[0326] To a suspension of
2-(2-fluoro-4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-6-formylaminomethyl-nicotinic
acid methyl ester (309 mg, 0.89 mmol) in toluene (15.6 mL) was
added phosphorous oxychloride (91 .mu.l, 0.98 mmol) and the
reaction mixture heated to 95.degree. C. and stirred for 1 hour.
The cooled reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of water
(ca. 2 mL) then concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was
taken up in ethyl acetate and washed with water followed by a
saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and brine. The
organic phase was isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered,
concentrated in vacuo, and the residue subjected to flash
chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 40%, ethyl acetate in
hexane) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (150 mg,
51%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=3.44 min, [M+H].sup.+=332.
Step 10:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine--
6-carboxylic acid
[0327] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbox-
ylic acid methyl ester (150 mg, 0.45 mmol) in IMS (10 mL) was added
sodium hydroxide (0.5 mL, 1M aqueous solution, 0.5 mmol), the
reaction mixture heated at 65.degree. C. for 1.5 hours. The
reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo then taken up in water
(ca. 15 mL), the aqueous solution was washed with diethyl ether
before the pH was adjusted to pH 3 using 1M HCl, resulting in
precipitation of a brown solid. The precipitate was extracted using
ethyl acetate, the organic phase was isolated and washed with water
followed by brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound as
a brown solid (109 mg, 76%). .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): 7.67 (1H,
s), 7.44 (1H, d, J=9.53 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J=0.83 Hz), 7.24 (1H, dd,
J=9.57, 0.80 Hz), 7.15 (1H, dd, J=11.47, 2.12 Hz), 7.02-7.01 (1H,
m), 6.76 (1H, t, J=8.49 Hz), 2.49 (3H, s).
5-Fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-6-formylaminomethyl-n-
icotinic acid methyl ester
##STR00069##
[0328] Step 1:
6-Chloro-5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic
acid
##STR00070##
[0330] To a cold (-78.degree. C.) solution of
2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamine (19.2 g, 105 mmol) in
anhydrous THF (50 mL) was added a solution of LHMDS (160 mL, 1 M in
hexanes, 160 mmol) dropwise over 45 minutes under a nitrogen
atmosphere. After 2 hours at -78.degree. C., a solution of
2,6-dichloro-5-fluoro-nicotinic acid (10.5 g, 50 mmol) in anhydrous
THF (30 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78.degree. C.
for 1 hour then allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After 18
hours stirring at ambient temperature the reaction was quenched
with water and adjusted to pH 2 by the addition of concentrated
HCl. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic
layer was isolated, washed with water followed by brine, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The resultant
residue was triturated with methanol and filtered to afford the
title compound as a yellow solid (8.7 g, 49%). LCMS (method B):
R.sub.T=4.92 min, [M+H].sup.+=357.
Step 2:
6-Chloro-5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nico-
tinic acid methyl ester
##STR00071##
[0332] To a suspension of
6-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic
acid (7.6 g, 21.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) and DMF (1 mL)
was added oxalyl chloride (9.1 mL, 106.4 mmol) dropwise over 20
minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 18 hours
and then concentrated in vacuo and the residue azeotroped with
toluene. The resultant residue was taken up in cold (0.degree. C.)
methanol (100 mL). The resultant solution was heated at reflux for
1 hour, then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The
precipitate was washed with cold methanol and dried under vacuum at
45.degree. C. to give the title compound as a yellow solid (7.3 g,
92%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=5.38 min, [M+H].sup.+=371.
Step 3:
6-Cyano-5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicot-
inic acid methyl ester
##STR00072##
[0334] A degassed suspension of
6-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic
acid methyl ester (7.8 g, 21.2 mmol), zinc (II) cyanide (1.84 g,
15.6 mmol), and Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (2.43 g, 2.12 mmol) in DMF (40
mL) was subjected to microwave irradiation at 150.degree. C. for 15
minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite.RTM. and
the filtrate diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was
washed twice with water and once with brine, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was triturated with diethyl ether and pentane,
and then dried under vacuum to afford the title compound as a
yellow solid (6.9 g, 91%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=4.99 min,
[M+H].sup.+=362.
Step 4:
6-Aminomethyl-5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-
-nicotinic acid methyl ester
##STR00073##
[0336] To a suspension of
6-cyano-5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicotinic
acid methyl ester (5.7 g, 15.8 mmol) in methanol (130 mL) was added
cobalt (II) chloride (7.5 g, 31.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was
stirred for 10 minutes, then cooled to 0.degree. C. and sodium
borohydride (6.0 g, 158 mmol) was added in small portions over 30
minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 15
minutes and then at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was
quenched by addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid (20 mL) and
the mixture stirred for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was
filtered to remove a white solid, which was washed with
dichloromethane, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced
pressure. The resultant residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and
washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate, followed by
water then brine. The organic phase was isolated, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford
the title compound as a brown solid (2.0 g, 34%). LCMS (method B):
R.sub.T=2.77 min, [M+H].sup.+=366.
Step 5:
5-Fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-6-formylamino-
methyl-nicotinic acid methyl ester
[0337] To a solution of
6-aminomethyl-5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-nicoti-
nic acid methyl ester (2.0 g, 5.5 mmol) in formic acid (30 mL) at
0.degree. C. was added acetic anhydride (6 mL). The reaction
mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The
reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant
residue azeotroped with toluene, then dissolved in dichloromethane.
This organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of
sodium bicarbonate, followed by brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4),
filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as
a dark brown solid (2.1 g, 100%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=4.36
min, [M+H].sup.+=394.
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-8-fluoro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid methyl ester
##STR00074##
[0338] Step 1:
2-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-5-fluoro-6-formylaminomethyl-nicotinic
acid methyl ester
##STR00075##
[0340] To a solution of
5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-6-formylaminomethyl--
nicotinic acid methyl ester (2.6 g, 6.6 mmol) in dichloromethane
(65 mL) at -30.degree. C. was added NBS (1.2 g, 6.6 mmol). The
reaction mixture was stirred at -30.degree. C. for 1.5 hours, and
then concentrated under reduced pressure The resultant residue was
taken up in ethyl acetate and this organic solution was washed with
a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, followed by
brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in vacuo
to afford the title compound as a brown solid (2.49 g, 95%). LCMS
(method B): R.sub.T=, 3.79 min, [M+H].sup.+=400/402.
Step 2:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-8-fluoro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-
-carboxylic acid methyl ester
[0341] To a suspension of
2-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-5-fluoro-6-formylaminomethyl-nicotinic
acid methyl ester (2.49 g, 6.2 mmol) in toluene (60 mL) was added
phosphorous oxychloride (0.65 mL, 7.0 mmol). The reaction mixture
was heated to 90.degree. C. and stirred for 1.5 hour before cooling
to room temperature and concentrating in vacuo. The resultant
residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water
followed by a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and
then brine. The organic phase was isolated, dried (MgSO.sub.4),
filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was
subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 100%,
ether in hexane) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid
(692 mg, 29%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=3.97 min,
[M+H].sup.+=382/384.
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyl-
ic acid
##STR00076##
[0342] Step 1:
5-Fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-6-formylaminomethyl-nicotinic
acid methyl ester
##STR00077##
[0344] To a solution of
5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-6-formylaminomethyl--
nicotinic acid methyl ester (2.4 g, 6.1 mmol) in dichloromethane
(15 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added ICl (2.0 g, 12.2 mmol). The
mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 0.5 hour, then quenched
with water, washed with a saturated solution of sodium sulphite
followed by brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a brown solid
(2.7 g, 98%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=3.81 min,
[M+H].sup.+=448.
Step 2:
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6--
carboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00078##
[0346] To a suspension of
5-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-6-formylaminomethyl-nicotinic
acid methyl ester (2.7 g, 6.2 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was added
phosphorous oxychloride (1.1 mL, 12.2 mmol). The reaction mixture
was heated at 95.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture
was cooled to room temperature and then concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with
water followed by a saturated aqueous solution of sodium
bicarbonate, then brine. The organic phase was isolated, dried
(MgSO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant
residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0%
to 50%, ethyl acetate in hexane) to afford the title compound as a
yellow solid (1.0 g, 39%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T 3.97 min,
[M+H].sup.+=430.
Step 3:
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6--
carboxylic acid
[0347] To a solution of
8-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid methyl ester (500 mg, 1.17 mmol) in IMS (10 mL) was added
sodium hydroxide (1.75 mL, 1M aqueous solution, 1.75 mmol), the
reaction mixture heated at 65.degree. C. for 45 min. The reaction
mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue taken up in
water. 1N HCl was added to adjust to pH 1. The precipitate formed
was filtered off and dried in vacuo to give the title compound (435
mg, 90%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=3.47 min, [M+H].sup.+=416.
Synthesis of Azaimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridines
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester
##STR00079##
[0348] Step 1: 3,5-Dichloro-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid
##STR00080##
[0350] To a solution of diisopropylamine (13.0 mL, 92.6 mmol, 2.3
eq.) in anhydrous THF (300 mL) at -78.degree. C. under N.sub.2 was
added dropwise a solution of 1.6 M nBuLi in hexanes (57.9 mL, 92.6
mmol, 2.3 eq.). After 1 hour a solution of 2,6-dichloropyrazine in
anhydrous THF (6.0 g, 40.3 mmol) was added dropwise over 30
minutes. After stirring at -78.degree. C. for 1 hour, the reaction
mixture was poured onto crushed dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), and
the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16
hours. The mixture was then diluted with water (100 mL) and washed
with ethyl acetate (3.times.100 mL). The aqueous layer was cooled
to 0.degree. C., acidified with 2N HCl until pH .about.2, and
extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.100 mL). The combined organic
extracts were dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in
vacuo. The resultant crude was purified by column chromatography
(Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 50%, methanol in dichloromethane) to give
the desired product as a beige solid (3.16 g, 40.6%). .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm 8.60 (s, 1H).
Step 2:
5-Chloro-3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-pyrazine-2-ca-
rboxylic acid
##STR00081##
[0352] To a solution of 2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamine
(3.8 g, 20.7 mmol, 2.0 eq) in anhydrous THF (150 mL) at -78.degree.
C. under N.sub.2 was added dropwise a solution of 1.0 M LHMDS in
THF (33.2 mL, 30 mmol, 3.2 eq) over 20 minutes. After 1 hour at
-78.degree. C., a solution of 3,5-dichloro-pyrazine-2-carboxylic
acid (2.0 g, 10.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) was added. The
mixture was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 30 minutes, and then
stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was
quenched with water and the pH adjusted to pH 2 by the addition of
2 N HCl. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and
the organic layer washed with water and brine, then dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The resultant
residue was purified by column chromotagraphy (Si-PPC, gradient 20
to 50% ethyl acetate in hexane, followed by 0% to 30%, methanol in
dichloromethane) to give the desired compound as a yellow solid
(2.95 g, 83.8%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm
10.41 (s, 1H), 8.28 (t, J=7.79 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.23 (m,
2H), 0.27 (s, 9H).
Step 3:
5-Chloro-3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-pyrazine-2-ca-
rboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00082##
[0354] To a solution of
5-chloro-3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-pyrazine-2-carboxyli-
c acid (2.95 g, 8.68 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) and toluene (100 mL)
at 0.degree. C. under N.sub.2 was added a solution of 2M
trimethylsilyldiazomethane in hexanes (9.55 mL, 19.0 mmol, 2.2
eq.), and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature
for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous
solution of sodium bicarbonate, water and brine, then dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The resultant
residue was purified by column chromotagraphy (Si-PPC, gradient 0
to 50% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give the desired compound as a
yellow solid (2.18 g, 71.1%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz)
.delta. ppm 10.54 (s, 1H), 8.36 (t, J=7.86 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H),
7.34-7.26 (m, 2H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 0.28 (s, 9H); LCMS (method D1)
R.sub.T=1.38 min, [M+H].sup.+=354.
Step 4:
5-Cyano-3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-pyrazine-2-car-
boxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00083##
[0356] A degassed suspension of
5-chloro-3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-pyrazine-2-carboxyli-
c acid methyl ester (1.35 g, 3.82 mmol), zinc (II) cyanide (492.8
mg, 4.2 mmol, 1.1 eq.), and Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (551.0 mg, 0.48
mmol, 0.12 eq.) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (30 mL) was
subjected to microwave irradiation at 150.degree. C. for 18
minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into ethyl acetate and
then filtered through a pad of Celite.RTM.. The pad was rinsed well
with ethyl acetate (2.times.). The combined filtrates were washed
with 50% brine (2.times.) and brine (1.times.), dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude
residue was purified by column chromotagraphy (Si-PPC, gradient 0
to 30% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give a brown oil. Trituration
with MeOH afforded the desired compound as an orange solid (1.31 g,
99.8%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm 10.56 (s,
1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.29 (t, J=7.82 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.27 (m, 2H), 4.10
(s, 3H), 0.29 (s, 9H); LCMS (method D1): R.sub.T=1.28 min,
[M+H].sup.+=345.
Step 5:
5-Aminomethyl-3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-pyrazine-
-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00084##
[0358] To a solution of
5-cyano-3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-pyrazine-2-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (600 mg, 1.74 mmol) in concentrated glacial
acetic acid (12 mL) was added 10% Pd on carbon (120 mg). The
reaction mixture was evacuated with vacuum and purged with H.sub.2
(3.times.), then stirred under an atmosphere of H.sub.2 for 3.5
hours. The reaction mixture was then filtered through a pad of
Celite.RTM.. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the
desired product as the HOAc salt. LCMS (method C): R.sub.T=2.51
min, [M+H].sup.+=349.
Step 6:
3-(2-Fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-5-formylaminomethyl-py-
razine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00085##
[0360] A solution of
5-aminomethyl-3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-pyrazine-2-carb-
oxylic acid methyl ester (800 mg, 2.30 mmol) from above in formic
acid (12 mL) and acetic anhydride (4 mL) was stirred at ambient
temperature under N.sub.2 for 1.5 hour. The reaction mixture was
concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was azeotroped with toluene.
The resultant residue was diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic
layer was washed with saturated aqueous solution of sodium
bicarbonate, water and brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered
and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a yellow
foam (850 mg, 98.3%). LCMS (method D1) R.sub.T=1.09 min,
[M+H].sup.+=377.
Step 7:
3-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-formylaminomethyl-pyrazine-2-car-
boxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00086##
[0362] To a cold (0.degree. C.) solution of
3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-5-formylaminomethyl-pyrazine--
2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (480 mg, 1.28 mmol) in
dichloromethane (13 mL) under N.sub.2 was added dropwise a solution
of 1M iodine monochloride in dichloromethane (3.0 mL, 3.0 mmol, 2.4
eq), and the mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1.5 hour. The
reaction was quenched by addition of a saturated aqueous solution
of sodium thiosulfate (.about.3 mL). After stirring for 10 minutes
the reaction mixture was poured into ethyl acetate. The organic
layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium
bicarbonate, water and brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered
and evaporated in vacuo to afford the desired product as a yellow
solid (548 mg, 99%). LCMS (method C): R.sub.T=2.65 min,
[M+H].sup.+=431.
Step 8:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxyli-
c acid methyl ester
[0363] To a suspension of
3-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-formylaminomethyl-pyrazine-2-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (480 mg, 1.12 mmol) in toluene (18 mL) was added
phosphorous oxychloride (0.42 mL, 4.4 mmol, 4.0 eq.), and the
reaction mixture was heated at 95.degree. C. for 1 hour. The
reaction mixture was cooled to RT and then quenched with a
saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (2 mL). The
resultant residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with
water and brine. The organic phase was isolated, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 0% to 20%, methanol in ethyl acetate) to give a yellow
oil. Crystallization from dichloromethane-ether-hexane afforded the
desired product as a yellow solid (190 mg, 41.3%). LCMS (method C):
R.sub.T=2.45 min, [M+H].sup.+=413.
[0364]
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxyli-
c acid methyl ester
##STR00087##
Step 1:
3-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-5-formylaminomethyl-pyrazine-2-c-
arboxylic acid methyl ester
##STR00088##
[0366] To a -30.degree. C. solution of
3-(2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenylamino)-5-formylaminomethyl-pyrazine--
2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1.84 g, 4.89 mmol) in
dichloromethane (50 mL) under N.sub.2 was added NBS (0.96 g, 5.38
mmol, 1.1 eq.), and the reaction mixture was stirred at -30.degree.
C. for 3 h. More NBS (0.96 g, 5.38 mmol, 1.1 eq.) was added, and
the reaction mixture was allowed to stand at 0.degree. C. for 18 h.
The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (250 mL). The
organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous solution of sodium
bicarbonate, water and brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered
and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was triturated with
methanol to afford the desired product as a yellow solid (1.50 g,
80.1%). LCMS (method C): R.sub.T=2.51 min, [M+H].sup.+=383/384.
Step 2:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxyl-
ic acid methyl ester
[0367] To a suspension of
3-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-5-formylamino-methyl-pyrazine-2-carboxyl-
ic acid methyl ester (1.40 g, 3.65 mmol) in toluene (100 mL) was
added phosphorous oxychloride (1.50 mL, 16.1 mmol, 4.4 eq.), and
the reaction mixture was heated at 95.degree. C. under N.sub.2 for
1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and then quenched
with saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (20 mL). The
resultant residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with
water and brine. The organic phase was isolated, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 70 to 100% ethyl acetate in hexane, followed by 0% to 2%
methanol in ethyl acetate) to give an orange oil. Crystallization
from ethyl acetate-hexane afforded the desired product as an orange
solid (1.26 g, 94.3%). LCMS (method D1): R.sub.T=0.86 min,
[M+H].sup.+=366/367.
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide
##STR00089##
[0369] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid (64.0 mg, 0.16 mmol) in anhydrous THF (3.6 mL) was added HOBt
(56.5 mg, 0.42 mmol, 2.6 eq), DIPEA (0.073 mL, 0.42 mmol, 2.6
mmol), and EDCI (67.8 mg, 0.35 mmol, 2.2 eq), and the reaction
mixture was stirred at room temperature under N.sub.2 for 2 h.
Concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (0.50 mL) was
added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for
20 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL)
and washed with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride,
water and brine. The organic layer was isolated and dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 0 to 20% methanol in dichloromethane) to give an oil.
Crystallization from DCM-ether-hexane afforded the title compound
as a beige solid (9.9 mg, 16.0%). .sup.1H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz)
.delta. ppm 8.74 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.62 (dd,
J=10.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (t, J=8.4 Hz,
1H); LCMS (method D1): R.sub.T=0.84 min, [M+H].sup.+=398.
Example 5
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-hydroxyethoxy)-amide
##STR00090##
[0370] Step 1, Method A:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-vinyloxyethoxy)-amide
##STR00091##
[0372] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2.10 g, 5.29 mmol) and O-(2-vinyloxyethyl)-hydroxylamine
(0.87 g, 8.46 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added EDCI hydrochloride
(1.31 g, 6.90 mmol), HOBt (0.93 g, 6.90 mmol) and DIPEA (1.17 mL,
6.90 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 5 hours before being concentrated in vacuo. The resultant
residue was dissolved in 1:1 tert-butylmethylether:ethyl acetate
(20 mL) and aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
(20 mL) was added. The resultant mixture was sonicated until a
precipitate formed, the precipitate was collected by filtration and
dried in vacuo at 45.degree. C. to yield the title compound as a
tan solid (1.55 g, 60%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=2.80 min,
M+H.sup.+=483.
Step 1, Method B:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-vinyloxyethoxy)-amide
[0373] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (1.5 g, 3.64 mmol) and
O-(2-vinyloxyethyl)hydroxylamine (749 mg, 7.28 mmol) in THF (30 mL)
at 0.degree. C. was added lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide as a
solution in THF (18 mL, 1 M, 18 mmol) over 5 minutes. The reaction
mixture was stirred at .about.0.degree. C. for 1 hour before being
quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. Volatile
solvents were removed in vacuo and then diethyl ether (10 mL) and
ethyl acetate (20 mL) added. The resultant mixture was sonicated
causing a precipitate to form which was filtered off to give the
title compound as a yellow solid (1.07 g, 61%). LCMS (Method B):
R.sub.T=2.79 min, M+H.sup.+=483.
Step 1, Method C:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-vinyloxyethoxy)-amide
[0374] To a mechanically stirred solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (82.17 g, 0.2 mol) and
O-(2-vinyloxyethyl)hydroxylamine (40.73 g, 0.382 mol) in dry THF
(1.27 L) at 5.degree. C. under N.sub.2 atmosphere, was added
lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide as a solution in THF (1 L, 1 M, 1
mol) over 1 hr, maintaining the temperature below 10.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was stirred at 0-5.degree. C. for 20 minutes
before being quenched with addition water (200 ml) and saturated
saline (350 mL). Volatile solvents were removed in vacuo and the
residue diluted with water (1.5 L) and extracted 2-methyl
tetrahydrofuran (3.times.1 L). The organic layers were washed water
(500 mL), saturated saline (500 mL), dried (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) and
absorbed onto silica gel (200 g) and purified on silica gel (400 g)
using ethyl acetate as eluent. The resultant crude product was
triturated with tert-butyl methyl ether (400 mL) to yield the title
compound as a brown solid (58.36 g, 60%). LCMS (Method B):
R.sub.T=2.79 min, [M+H].sup.+=483.
Step 2, Method A:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-hydroxyethoxy)-amide
[0375] To a suspension of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-vinyloxyethoxy)-amide (2.87 g, 5.95 mmol) in methanol (45
mL) was added aqueous hydrochloric acid (11.9 mL, 1M, 11.9 mmol).
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes
during which time the solids dissolved. The reaction mixture was
concentrated in vacuo to remove the methanol. The resultant
solution was diluted with 1:1 tert-butylmethylether:ethyl acetate
(20 mL) and aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
(20 mL) added. The resultant mixture was sonicated until a
precipitate formed and the precipitate was collected by filtration
and dried in vacuo at 45.degree. C. to yield the title compound as
a yellow solid (2.5 g, 92%). LCMS (Method A): R.sub.T=5.58 min,
M+H.sup.+=457. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) 8.05 (1H, s),
7.58 (1H, dd, J=10.69, 1.92 Hz), 7.43 (1H, s), 7.39 (1H, d, J=9.33
Hz), 7.31-7.28 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, d, J=9.31 Hz), 6.34 (1H, t,
J=8.68 Hz), 4.64 (1H, s), 3.64 (2H, t, J=4.78 Hz), 3.46 (2H,
m).
Step 2, Method B:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-hydroxyethoxy)-amide
[0376] To a suspension of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-vinyloxyethoxy)-amide (58.36 g, 0.12 mol) in methanol (600
mL) was added aqueous hydrochloric acid (242 mL, 1M, 0.242 mol).
The reaction mixture was stirred and warmed to 45.degree. C. for 1
hr during which time the solids dissolved. The reaction mixture was
then cooled to room temperature, and concentrated in vacuo to
remove the methanol. The resultant residue was treated with aqueous
saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate and stirred at room temperature
for 1 hr before collecting crude product by filtration, and drying
at 55.degree. C. over phosphorus (V) oxide under vacuum for 24 hr.
The crude product was crystallized from IPA:H.sub.2O v/v) (800 mL)
with slow cooling and mechanical stirring. The product was
collected by filtration and washed cold IPA:H.sub.2O (1:1, v/v)
(100 mL) before being dried in vacuo at 55.degree. C. to yield the
title compound as a light brown solid (50.2 g, 90%). LCMS (Method
A): R.sub.T=5.58 min, [M+H].sup.+=457. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
400 MHz) 8.05 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, dd, J=10.69, 1.92 Hz), 7.43 (1H,
s), 7.39 (1H, d, J=9.33 Hz), 7.31-7.28 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, d, J=9.31
Hz), 6.34 (1H, t, J=8.68 Hz), 4.64 (1H, s), 3.64 (2H, t, J=4.78
Hz), 3.46 (2H, m).
Example 6
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid ((R)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-amide
##STR00092##
[0377] Step 1:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethoxy)-amide
##STR00093##
[0379] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (326 mg, 0.82 mmol) in THF (4.1 ml) was added
O-((R)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethyl)-hydroxylamine (362
mg, 2.46 mmol), DIPEA (1.26 ml, 7.4 mmol), HOBt (327 mg, 2.46 mmol)
and EDCI (471 mg, 2.46 mmol), the mixture stirred for 18 hours at
ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate and washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium
bicarbonate followed by water and then brine. The organic phase was
isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. Purification of the resultant residue by flash
chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 10%, methanol in
dichloromethane) afforded the title compound as a pale yellow solid
(364 mg, 84%). LCMS (method B): R.sub.T=2.58 min,
[M+H].sup.+=527.
Step 2:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyli-
c acid ((R)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-amide
[0380] A solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethoxy)-amide (364 mg,
0.7 mmol) in methanol (0.5 ml) and dichloromethane (0.5 ml) was
loaded onto an SCX-2 cartridge. The cartridge was flushed with
methanol and the desired product was eluted using a 2M solution of
ammonia in methanol. The appropriate fractions were combined and
concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was azeotroped
with dichloromethane. Purification of the resultant residue by
flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 10%, methanol in
dichloromethane) followed by preparative HPLC (Gemini 5 micron
C.sub.6-Phenyl 250.times.21.20 mm column, 20 mmol Et.sub.3N per
litre solvent, gradient acetonitrile/water, 5 to 98%, ramp time 25
minutes) afforded the title compound as a yellow solid (77.6 mg,
23%). LCMS (method A): R.sub.T=5.13 min, [M+H].sup.+=487. .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): 8.01 (1H,s), 7.58 (1H,dd, J=10.68, 1.92 Hz),
7.42 (1H, s), 7.38 (1H, d, J=9.34 Hz), 7.30 (1H, dd, J=8.43, 1.82
Hz), 6.91 (1H, d, J=9.32 Hz), 6.32 (1H, t, J=8.68 Hz), 3.72-3.67
(1H, m), 3.60-3.51 (2H, m), 3.30 (2H, d, J=4.94 Hz).
Example 7
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid ((S) 2-hydroxy-propoxy-amide
##STR00094##
[0382] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (130 mg, 0.33 mmol) in THF (1.7 mL) was added
(S)-1-aminooxy-propan-2-ol hydrochloride (84 mg, 0.66 mmol), DIPEA
(0.23 mL, 1.32 mmol), HOBt (88 mg, 0.66 mmol) and EDCI (126 mg,
0.66 mmol). After 18 hours stirring at ambient temperature, further
(S)-1-aminooxy-propan-2-ol hydrochloride (84 mg, 0.66 mmol), DIPEA
(0.23 mL, 1.32 mmol), HOBt (88 mg, 0.66 mmol) and EDCI (126 mg,
0.66 mmol) and THF (1.7 mL) were added. The reaction mixture was
stirred at ambient temperature for a further 5 hours. The reaction
mixture was loaded onto an Isolute.RTM. SCX-2 cartridge. The
cartridge was then washed with methanol and the desired compound
was eluted using a 2M solution of ammonia in methanol. Appropriate
fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure and
the residue azeotroped with dichloromethane. The resultant residue
was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0 to 10%,
methanol in dichloromethane) to afford the title compound as a
yellow solid (17 mg, 11%). LCMS (method A): R.sub.T=6.01 min,
[M+H].sup.+=471. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): 8.07 (1H, s), 7.58
(1H, dd, J=10.71, 1.92 Hz), 7.43 (1H, s), 7.38 (1H, d, J=9.31 Hz),
7.31-7.28 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, d, J=9.31 Hz), 6.35 (1H, t, J=8.68
Hz), 3.69-3.60 (1H, m), 3.45-3.38 (2H, m), 0.96 (3H, d, J=6.35
Hz).
Example 8
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-hydroxyethoxy)-amide
##STR00095##
[0383] Step 1:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-vinyloxyethoxy)-amide
##STR00096##
[0385] To a solution of
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2.0 g, 5.7 mmol) and O-(2-vinyloxyethyl)-hydroxylamine (0.71
g, 6.8 mmol) in DMF (44 mL) was added EDCI hydrochloride (1.42 g,
7.41 mmol), HOBt (1.0 g, 7.41 mmol) and DIPEA (0.97 mL, 5.69 mmol).
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours
before being concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was
dissolved in 1:1 diethylether:ethyl acetate (30 mL) and aqueous
saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (30 mL) was added. The
resultant mixture was sonicated until a precipitate formed. The
precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with 1:1
diethylether:ethyl acetate to yield the title compound as a tan
solid (1.33 g, 53%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=2.78 min,
M+H.sup.+=435/437.
Step 2:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyli-
c acid (2-hydroxyethoxy)-amide
[0386] To a suspension of
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-vinyloxyethoxy)-amide (1.33 g, 3.05 mmol) in methanol (40
mL) was added aqueous hydrochloric acid (6.7 mL, 1M, 6.7 mmol). The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes
then concentrated in vacuo to remove the methanol. The resultant
residue was dissolved in 1:1 diethylether:ethyl acetate (30 mL) and
aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (30 mL) added.
The resultant mixture was sonicated until a precipitate formed, the
precipitate collected by filtration and washed with water then
diethyl ether to yield the title compound as a yellow solid (1.12
g, 90%). LCMS (method A): R.sub.T=5.22 min, [M+H].sup.+=409/411.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) 9.20 (1H, s), 8.07 (1H, s),
7.51 (1H, dd, J=10.86, 2.22 Hz), 7.44 (1H, s), 7.40 (1H, d, J=9.33
Hz), 7.16 (1H, ddd, J=8.61, 2.20, 1.07 Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J=9.31
Hz), 6.50 (1H, t, J=8.84 Hz), 4.63 (1H, s), 3.65 (2H, t, J=4.79
Hz), 3.46 (3H, s).
Example 9
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-amide
##STR00097##
[0388] To a solution of
5-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (271 mg, 0.77 mmol) in dioxane (3.9 mL) was added HOBT (306
mg, 2.3 mmol) and EDCI (442 mg, 2.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was
stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes then
(S)-1-aminooxy-propan-2-ol hydrochloride (294 mg, 2.3 mmol) and
DIPEA (1.2 mL, 6.9 mmol) were added, the mixture was then stirred
for 60 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was
diluted with ethyl acetate then washed with a saturated aqueous
solution of sodium bicarbonate followed by water and brine. The
organic phase was isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to flash
chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0 to 100%, ethyl acetate in
dichloromethane, then gradient 0 to 10%, methanol in
dichloromethane) to afford the title compound as a green/yellow
solid (80 mg, 25%). LCMS (method A): R.sub.T=5.71 min,
[M+H].sup.+=423/425. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): 8.10 (1H, s), 7.51
(1H, dd, J=10.87, 2.22 Hz), 7.43 (1H, s), 7.39 (1H, d, J=9.31 Hz),
7.18-7.14 (1H, m), 6.88 (1H, d, J=9.31 Hz), 6.51 (1H, t, J=8.85
Hz), 4.69 (1H, s), 3.68-3.59 (1H, m), 3.42 (2H, d, J=5.81 Hz), 0.95
(3H, d, J=6.35 Hz).
Example 10
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-8-fluoro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy-amide
##STR00098##
[0390] To a solution of
5-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-8-fluoro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbox-
ylic acid methyl ester (351 mg, 0.92 mmol) in IMS (10 mL) was added
sodium hydroxide (1.0 mL, 1M aqueous solution, 1.0 mmol). The
reaction mixture was heated at 65.degree. C. for 1 hour, and then
concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was azeotroped with
toluene and then suspended in dioxane. EDCI (353 mg, 1.84 mmol) and
HOBt (248 mg, 1.84 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at
room temperature for 20 minutes. (S)-1-Aminooxy-propan-2-ol
hydrochloride (235 mg, 1.84 mmol) and DIPEA (0.63 mL, 3.68 mmol)
were added and the resultant mixture was stirred for 18 hours,
before being concentrated under reduced pressure. The resultant
residue was taken up in ethyl acetate then washed with a saturated
aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate followed by water and brine.
The organic phase was isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered
and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to
flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0 to 10%, methanol in
dichloromethane) to give a pale yellow solid (124 mg), which was
further purified by preparative HPLC (Gemini 5 micron C.sub.18
250.times.21.20 mm column, 0.1% formic acid, gradient
acetonitrile/water, 5 to 85%, ramp time 15 minutes) to afford the
title compound as an off-white solid (70 mg, 17%). LCMS (method A):
R.sub.T=7.83 min, [M+H].sup.+=441/443. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3):
9.45 (1H, s), 8.99 (1H, s), 7.76 (1H, d, J=2.95 Hz), 7.59 (1H, s),
7.29 (1H, dd, J=10.10, 2.16 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J=8.52 Hz), 6.50 (1H,
d, J=10.18 Hz), 6.41 (1H, t, J=8.54 Hz), 4.03 (1H, t, J=7.52 Hz),
3.94 (1H, d, J=11.57 Hz), 3.70 (1H, t, J=10.24 Hz), 1.14 (3H, d,
J=6.46 Hz).
Example 11
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyl-
ic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide
##STR00099##
[0391] Step 1:
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide
##STR00100##
[0393]
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-c-
arboxylic acid (0.20 g, 0.48 mmol),
O-(2-vinyloxyethyl)-hydroxylamine (55 mg, 0.53 mmol), EDCI (102 mg,
0.53 mmol), HOBt (72 mg, 0.53 mmol) and DIPEA (90 .mu.L, 0.53 mmol)
were dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and the reaction mixture stirred at
room temperature for 16 hours before being concentrated in vacuo.
The resultant residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 mL),
washed with aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL)
and the aqueous fraction extracted twice with ethyl acetate
(2.times.10 mL). The combined organic fractions were washed with
brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (SiO.sub.2,
gradient 0-10% methanol in DCM) to yield the title compound as a
pale yellow solid (200 mg, 83%). LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T=3.41 min,
[M+H].sup.+=501.
Step 2:
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6--
carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide
[0394] A solution of
8-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide (200 mg, 0.39 mmol) in methanol
(1 mL) was loaded onto an SCX-2 column. The column was washed with
methanol (10 mL) then the product was then eluted with ammonia in
methanol (20 mL, 2M), the appropriate fractions were concentrated
in vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to reverse phase
preperative HPLC (10-90% acetonitrile/water 0.1% formic acid,
Phenominex gemini PhC6, 5 micron, 250.times.20 mm). The resultant
product was dissolved in ethyl acetate (5 mL) and washed with
aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL). The aqueous
fraction was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (2.times.10 mL) and
the combined organics were washed with brine (20 mL), dried
(MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound
as a white solid (88 mg, 39%). LCMS (Method A): R.sub.T=7.71 min,
[M+H].sup.+=475. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): 8.20 (1H, s), 7.60
(1H, s), 7.57 (1H, dd, J=10.73, 1.96 Hz), 7.26 (1H, dd, J=8.43,
1.82 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J=11.14 Hz), 6.30 (1H, t, J=8.71 Hz), 3.65
(2H, t, J=4.77 Hz), 3.45 (2H, t, J=4.68 Hz).
Example 12
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyl-
ic acid ((R)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-amide
##STR00101##
[0395] Step 1:
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid ((R)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethoxy)-amide
##STR00102##
[0397]
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-c-
arboxylic acid (235 mg, 0.57 mmol),
O-((R)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethyl)-hydroxylamine (92 mg,
0.62 mmol), EDCI (120 mg, 0.62 mmol), HOBt (84 mg, 0.62 mmol) and
DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.62 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and the
reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 72 hours before
being concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was dissolved in
ethyl acetate (10 mL), washed with aqueous saturated sodium
bicarbonate solution (10 mL) and the aqueous fraction extracted
twice with ethyl acetate (2.times.10 mL). The combined organic
fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried with MgSO.sub.4 and
concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to flash
chromatography (SiO.sub.2, gradient 0-10% methanol in DCM) to yield
the title compound as a pale yellow solid (298 mg, 97%). LCMS
(Method B): R.sub.T=3.34 min, [M+H].sup.+=545.
Step 2:
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6--
carboxylic acid ((R)-dihydroxy-propoxy-amide
[0398] To a solution of
8-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid ((R)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethoxy)-amide (298
mg, 0.55 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added hydrochloric acid in
dioxane (2 mL, 4N, 8.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at
room temperature for 1 hour then concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (5 mL), washed
with aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL) and the
aqueous fraction extracted twice with ethyl acetate (2.times.5 mL).
The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (10 mL),
dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue
was subjected to reverse phase preperative HPLC (10-90%
acetonitrile/water 0.1% formic acid, Phenominex gemini PhC6, 5
micron, 250.times.20 mm). The resultant product was dissolved in
ethyl acetate (5 mL) and washed with aqueous saturated sodium
bicarbonate solution (10 mL). The aqueous fraction was extracted
twice with ethyl acetate (2.times.10 mL) and the combined organics
washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in
vacuo to yield the title compound as a white solid (83 mg, 30%).
LCMS (Method A): R.sub.T=7.11 min, [M+H].sup.+=505. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6): 11.63 (1H, s), 8.97 (1H, s), 8.22 (1H, d, J=3.06
Hz), 7.61 (1H, s), 7.57 (1H, dd, J=10.74, 1.93 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d,
J=8.50 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J=11.09 Hz), 6.32 (1H, t, J=8.74 Hz),
3.72-3.65 (1H, m), 3.59-3.50 (2H, m), 3.29 (2H, m).
Example 13
8-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyl-
ic acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-amide
##STR00103##
[0400] A suspension of
8-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxy-
lic acid (100 mg, 0.23 mmol), HATU (130 mg, 0.34 mmol), DIPEA (0.06
mL, 0.34 mmol) and (S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy-amide hydrochloride (44
mg, 0.34 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 18
hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate
(5 mL) and 1M HCl, the organic layer was isolated and washed with
saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.5 mL) and brine (2.times.5
mL), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to reverse-phase
preparative HPLC (Gemini 5 micron C.sub.18 250.times.21.20 mm
column, 0.1% formic acid, gradient acetonitrile/water, 5 to 98%,
ramp time 20 minutes) to afford the title compound as a yellow
solid (13 mg, 8%). LCMS (method A): R.sub.T=8.13 min,
[M+H].sup.+=489. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): 11.51 (1H, broad),
8.95 (1H, broad), 8.25 (1H, s), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.55 (1H, d, J=10.7
Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J=11.1 Hz), 6.32 (1H, t,
J=8.8 Hz), 4.66 (1H, broad), 3.64 (1H, m), 3.43 (2H, d, J=5.8 Hz),
0.94 (3H, d, J=6.3 Hz).
Example 14
5-(2-Fluoro-methanesulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyl-
ic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide
##STR00104##
[0401] Step 1:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-methanesulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbo-
xylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide
##STR00105##
[0403] To a mixture of
5-(2-fluoro-4-methanesulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbo-
xylic acid (400 mg, 1.26 mmol), O-(2-vinyloxyethyl)-hydroxylamine
(260 mg, 2.52 mmol) and HOBt (221 mg, 1.64 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was
added EDCI hydrochloride (312 mg, 1.64 mmol), and DIPEA (0.285 mL,
1.64 mmol) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 20
hours. The products were partitioned between ethyl acetate and
saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3. The organic layer was separated and
washed with brine, then dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (263 mg, 52%).
LCMS (Method B): R.sub.T 2.64 [M+H].sup.+403.
Step 2:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-methanesulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine--
6-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide
[0404] To a solution
5-(2-fluoro-4-methanesulfanyl-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbo-
xylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide (263 mg, 0.65 mmol) in
methanol (10 mL) was added 1M hydrochloric acid (1 mL, 1 mmoL) and
the mixture stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The resultant
mixture was concentrated in vacuo before being partitioned between
saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 and ethyl acetate. The organic layer
was separated, washed with water, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4),
filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was
triturated with ethyl acetate and the solid collected by filtration
was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0 to 10%,
methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound as a tan solid (123
mg, 50%). LCMS (method A): R.sub.T=5.15 min, [M+H].sup.+=377.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) 11.54 (1H, s), 9.39 (1H, s),
7.93 (1H, s), 7.39 (1H, s), 7.32 (1H, d, J=9.36 Hz), 7.16 (1H, dd,
J=11.86, 2.13 Hz), 6.93-6.88 (2H, m), 6.57 (1H, t, J=8.65 Hz), 4.62
(1H, s), 3.66 (2H, t, J=4.85 Hz), 3.45 (2H, t, J=4.77 Hz), 2.40
(3H, s).
Example 15
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide
##STR00106##
[0405] Step 1:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid
##STR00107##
[0407] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (140 mg, 0.34 mmol) in anhydrous
1,2-dichloroethane (2.5 mL) was added trimethyltin hydroxide (215
mg, 1.19 mmol, 3.5 eq.). The reaction mixture was heated at
85.degree. C. for 1 hour and then cooled to RT. The reaction
mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the crude residue was
diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 1N
HCl (3.times.), water and brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered
and concentrated in vacuo. Crystallization from
dichloromethane-ether-hexane afforded the title compound as a
yellow solid (132.1 mg, 97.7%). .sup.1H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz) 8 ppm
8.76 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.64 (dd, J=10.13, 1.84
Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 1H), 6.72 (t, J=8.49 Hz, 1H); LCMS (method
D1): R.sub.T=0.77 min, [M+H].sup.+=399.
Step 2:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxyli-
c acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide
##STR00108##
[0409] A mixture of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid (110 mg, 0.28 mmol), O-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)-hydroxylamine (45.6
mg, 0.44 mmol, 1.6 eq.), HATU (157.6 mg, 0.41 mmol, 1.5 eq.), and
DIPEA (96.0 .mu.L, 0.55 mmol, 2.0 eq.) in anhydrous DMF (4.2 mL)
was stirred for 18 hours under N.sub.2 at ambient temperature. The
reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with a
saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate followed by water
and brine. The organic phase was isolated, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 0% to 15%, methanol in dichloromethane) to afford the
desired product as a yellow solid (24 mg, 18%). LCMS (method D1):
R.sub.T=1.00 min, [M+H].sup.+=484.
Step 3:
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxyli-
c acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide
[0410] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide (24.0 mg, 0.05 mmol) in methanol
(0.5 mL) and dichloromethane (1.0 mL) was added 4M HCl in
1,4-dioxane (30 .mu.L, 0.1 mmol, 2.5 eq.), and the reaction was
stirred at ambient temperature under N.sub.2 for 2 h. The reaction
mixture was concentrated in vacuo then poured into ethyl acetate.
The organic layer was washed with a saturated solution of sodium
bicarbonate, water, and brine. The organic phase was isolated,
dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 0% to 25%, methanol in dichloromethane) to afford the
title compound as yellow solid (11.6 mg, 51%). .sup.1H NMR (MeOD,
400 MHz) .delta. ppm 8.74 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.62
(dd, J=10.20, 1.82 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.41 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (t,
J=8.53 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (t, J=4.80 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J=4.80 Hz, 2H));
LCMS (method E1): R.sub.T=4.33 min, [M+H].sup.+=458.
Example 16
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-amide
##STR00109##
[0412] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid (85 mg, 0.21 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1.0 mL) was added
(S)-1-aminooxy-propan-2-ol hydrochloride (32.7 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.2
eq.), DIPEA (0.13 mL, 0.77 mmol, 3.6 eq.), HOBt (36.0 mg, 0.26
mmol, 1.2 eq.) and EDCI (51.2 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.2 eq.), and the
reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under N.sub.2
for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ethyl acetate,
and the organic layer was washed with a saturated solution of
sodium bicarbonate, 50% brine and brine. The organic phase was
isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography
(Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 40%, methanol in ethyl acetate) to give an
oil. Crystallization from dichloromethane-ether-hexane afforded the
title compound as a yellow solid (10.7 mg, 10.6%). .sup.1H NMR
(MeOD, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm 8.76 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s,
1H), 7.64 (dd, J=10.13, 1.84 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 1H), 6.72 (t,
J=8.49 Hz, 1H); LCMS (method E1): R.sub.T=5.14 min,
[M+H].sup.+=472.
Example 17
5-(4-Cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic
acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide
##STR00110##
[0413] Step 1:
5-(4-Cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyli-
c acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide
##STR00111##
[0415] To a mixture of
5-(4-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyli-
c acid (400 mg, 1.29 mmol), O-(2-vinyloxyethyl)-hydroxylamine (265
mg, 2.57 mmol) and HOBt (225 mg, 1.67 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added
EDCI hydrochloride (320 mg, 1.67 mmol), and DIPEA (0.290 mL, 1.67
mmol) before the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 18 hours. The products were partitioned between ethyl acetate
and saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3, the organic layer separated and
washed with brine then dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to flash
chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0-35% ethyl acetate in
cylcohexane) to give the title compound (270 mg, 53%). LCMS (Method
B): R.sub.T 2.79 [M+H].sup.+397.
Step 2:
5-(4-Cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-ca-
rboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide
[0416] To a solution of
5-(4-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carboxyli-
c acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide (270 mg, 0.681 mmol) in methanol
(10 mL) was added 1M hydrochloric acid (2 mL, 2 mmoL) and the
mixture stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Solvent was
removed in vacuo, and then saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 added and
the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was
separated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. The resultant residue was triturated with TBME and the solid
collected by filtration to give the title compound as an off-white
solid (103 mg, 41%). LCMS (Method A): R.sub.T 5.68 [M+H].sup.+371.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) 7.81 (1H, s), 7.37-7.34 (1H,
m), 7.27 (1H, d, J=9.37 Hz), 6.95 (1H, d, J=9.34 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd,
J=12.49, 1.92 Hz), 6.75 (1H, dd, J=8.27, 1.96 Hz), 6.56-6.46 (1H,
m), 3.71-3.65 (2H, m), 3.48-3.43 (2H, m), 1.89-1.80 (1H, m),
0.91-0.85 (2H, m), 0.65-0.57 (2H, m).
Example 18
(R)--N-(2,3-Dihydroxypropoxy)-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo
pyrazine-6-carboxamide
##STR00112##
[0417] Step 1:
(R)--N-((2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl-
amino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide
##STR00113##
[0419] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid (100.0 mg, 0.25 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2.5 mL) was added, in
order, (R)--O-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)hydroxylamine
(40.7 mg, 0.28 mmol, 1.1 eq.), HOBt (37.3 mg, 0.27 mmol, 1.1 eq.),
EDCI (53.0 mg, 0.27 mmol, 1.1 eq.), and N-methylmorpholine (0.1 mL,
0.91 mmol, 3.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature under N.sub.2 for 3 days. The reaction mixture was
diluted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with a
saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate, water and brine. The
organic phase was isolated, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to flash
chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 80% to 100%, ethyl acetate in
hexane, followed by gradient 0 to 20% methanol in ethyl acetate) to
give a yellow solid (72.6 mg, 54.8%). LCMS (method D1):
R.sub.T=0.97 min, [M+H].sup.+=528.
Step 2:
(R)--N-(2,3-Dihydroxypropoxy)-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidaz-
o[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide
[0420] To a heterogeneous mixture of (R)
--N-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylami-
no)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide (69.5 mg, 0.13 mmol) in
anhydrous methanol (1.6 mL) was added 4M HCl in 1,4-dioxane (0.13
mL, 0.5 mmol, 4.0 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 10 minutes. Solid sodium sulfate (200 mg) was then
added. The reaction mixture was absorbed onto silica and then
subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 40%
methanol in dichloromethane) to give the title compound as yellow
foam (43.2 mg, 67.3%). .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) .delta.
ppm 11.90 (s, 1H), 10.30 (s, 1H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.91
(s, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (t,
J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (broad s, 1H),
3.99-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.39 (broad s, 2H); LCMS
(method E2): R.sub.T=8.40 min, [M+H].sup.+=488.
Example 19
N-Ethoxy-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamid-
e
##STR00114##
[0422] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (165.0 mg, 0.40 mmol) and O-ethylhydroxylamine
hydrochloride (78.1 mg, 0.80 mmol, 2.0 eq) in anhydrous THF (9.4
mL) at 0.degree. C. was added lithium hexamethyldisilazide (1M in
THF, 1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol, 3.0 eq). After stirring at room temperature
for 16 h, additional O-ethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (234.3 mg,
2.40 mmol, 3.0 eq) and lithium hexamethyldisilazide (1M in THF, 3.6
mL, 3.6 mmol, 9.0 eq) were added at 0.degree. C., and the reaction
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction
mixture was then quenched with saturated aqueous solution of sodium
bicarbonate (5 mL) and diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The
organic layer was isolated and washed with water and brine, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 45% to 100%, ethyl acetate in hexane, followed by gradient
0 to 15% methanol in ethyl acetate) to give an oil. Crystallization
from DCM-ether-hexane afforded the title compound as a yellow solid
(33.7 mg, 19.1%). .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm
11.86 (s, 1H), 10.38 (s, 1H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s,
1H), 7.73 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (t, J=8.4
Hz, 1H), 3.90 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.18 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); LCMS
(method D2): R.sub.T=1.24 min, [M+H].sup.+=442.
Example 20
N-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-
e-6-carboxamide
##STR00115##
[0424] The title compound was prepared in an analogous fashion to
N-ethoxy-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxami-
de, using O-(cyclopropylmethyl)-hydroxylamine hydrochloride as the
starting material. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm
11.82 (s, 1H), 10.36 (s, 1H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s,
1H), 7.73 (dd, J=10.4 Hz, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.58
(t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.12 to 1.01 (m, 1H),
0.54-0.48 (m, 2H), 0.28-0.23 (m, 2H); LCMS (method D2):
R.sub.T=1.33 min, [M+H].sup.+=468.
Example 21
5-(2-Fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamid-
e
##STR00116##
[0426] To a solution of
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (108 mg, 0.26 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (0.5
mL) was added 2M methylamine in THF (1.3 mL, 2.6 mmol, 10 eq), and
the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under N.sub.2
for 3 days. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (50
mL). The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to reverse-phase preparative HPLC
[Gemini-NX (100.times.30 mm, 10 micron), 0.1% FA in
water/acetonitrile, 5-85%, ramp time in 10 minutes, flow at 60
ml/min] to afford the title compound as a white solid (48.3 mg,
44.8%). .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm 10.89 (s,
1H), 8.95 to 8.91 (m, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s,
1H), 7.76 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51
(t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.81 (d, 4.0 Hz, 3H); LCMS (method E2):
R.sub.T=12.23 min, [M+H].sup.+=412.
Example 22
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-
-6-carboxamide
##STR00117##
[0427] Step 1:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-(vinyloxy)ethoxy)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyra-
zine-6-carboxamide
##STR00118##
[0429] To a stirred solution of
5-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester (150 mg, 0.41 mmol) and
O-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)hydroxylamine (127 mg, 1.23 mmol, 3.0 eq) in
anhydrous THF (7.5 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added lithium
hexamethyldisilazide (1M in THF, 1.2 mL, 1.23 mmol, 3.0 eq.), and
the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 1 h the
reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous solution of
sodium bicarbonate and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic
layer was isolated and washed with water and brine, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
resultant residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Si-PPC,
gradient 0 to 5% methanol in dichloromethane) to give an oil.
Crystallization from DCM-ether-hexane afforded the desired product
as a pale orange solid (160.2 mg, 89.4%). LCMS (method C):
R.sub.T=2.53 min, [M+H].sup.+=437/439.
Step 2:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-imidazo[1,5-a-
]pyrazine-6-carboxamide
[0430] A solution of
5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-(vinyloxy)ethoxy)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyra-
zine-6-carboxamide (150 mg, 0.34 mmol) in methanol (4.5 mL) and
dichloromethane (8.9 mL) was added 4M HCl in 1,4-dioxane (0.13 mL,
0.5 mmol, 1.5 eq.), and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient
temperature under N.sub.2 for 1 h. Solid sodium carbonate (50 mg)
was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was
absorbed onto silica and then subjected to flash chromatography
(Si-PPC, gradient 0% to 15%, methanol in dichloromethane) to afford
the title compound as a white solid. (112.1 mg, 79.5%). .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm 11.85 (broad s, 1H), 10.32
(broad s, 1H), 8.83 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.64 (dd,
J=10.4 Hz, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (t, J=8.8 Hz,
1H), 4.68 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (t, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (q, J=5.4
Hz, 2H); LCMS (method D1): R.sub.T=0.786 min,
[M+H].sup.+=410/412.
Example 23
(S)-5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-hydroxy-propoxy)imidazo[1,5-a]pyr-
azine-6-carboxamide
##STR00119##
[0431] Step 1:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid
##STR00120##
[0433] The desired compound was prepared in an analogous fashion to
5-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid, using
5-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxyli-
c acid methyl ester as the starting material. LCMS (method D1):
R.sub.T=0.713 min, [M+H].sup.+=351/353.
Step 2:
(S)-5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-hydroxy-propoxy)imidazo[1-
,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide
[0434] To a solution of
5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]-pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1.5 mL) was added, in
order, (S)-1-aminooxy-propan-2-ol hydrochloride (37.4 mg, 0.29
mmol, 1.03 eq.), HOBt (40.4 mg, 0.30 mmol, 1.05 eq.), EDCI (57.3
mg, 0.30 mmol, 1.05 eq.), and 4-methylmorpholine (0.15 mL, 1.36
mmol, 4.8 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature under N.sub.2 for 7 h and then diluted with ether (25
mL) and ethyl acetate (25 mL). The organic layer was washed with
water and brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was subjected to flash
chromatography (Si-PPC, gradient 0 to 40% methanol in ethyl
acetate) to give an oil. Crystallization from DCM-ether-hexane
afforded the desired product as a white solid (30.3 mg, 25.0%).
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm 11.88 (broad s,
1H), 10.29 (broad s, 1H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H),
7.65 (dd, J=10.6 Hz, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (t,
J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.62
(m, 2H), 1.05 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H); LCMS (method D2): R.sub.T=1.516
min, [M+H].sup.+=424/426.
Example 24
(R)-5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)imidazo[1,5-a-
]pyrazine-6-carboxamide
##STR00121##
[0435] Step 1:
(R)-5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N4(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)met-
hoxy)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide
##STR00122##
[0437] The desired compound was prepared in an analogous fashion to
5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-(vinyloxy)ethoxy)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyra-
zine-6-carboxamide, using
(R)--O-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)hydroxylamine as the
starting material. LCMS (method D1): R.sub.T=0.954 min,
[M+H].sup.+=480/482.
Step 2:
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-imidazo[1,5-a-
]pyrazine-6-carboxamide
[0438] The desired compound was prepared in an analogous fashion to
5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazi-
ne-6-carboxamide, using
(R)-5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N4(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)met-
hoxy)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide as the starting material.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) .delta. ppm 11.90 (broad s,
1H), 10.38 (broad s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H),
7.65 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (t, J=8.8 Hz,
1H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 4.56 (broad s, 1H), 3.93 (dd, J=9.6 Hz, 3.2 Hz,
1H), 3.79-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.35 (m, 2H); LCMS (method D1):
R.sub.T=0.724 min, [M+H].sup.+=440/442.
Example 25
5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-N-(cyclopropyl-methoxy)imidazo[1,5-a]pyraz-
ine-6-carboxamide
##STR00123##
[0440] The title compound was prepared in an analogous fashion to
N-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazi-
ne-6-carboxamide, using
5-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-6-carboxylic
acid methyl ester as the starting material. .sup.1H NMR (MeOD, 400
MHz) .delta. ppm 8.74 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.48
(dd, J=10.4 Hz, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (t, J=8.4
Hz, 1H), 3.79 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.26-1.13 (m, 1H), 0.62-0.55 (m,
2H), 0.36 to 0.30 (m, 2H); LCMS (method D1): R.sub.T=0.985 min,
[M+H].sup.+=420/422.
* * * * *