U.S. patent application number 13/151584 was filed with the patent office on 2012-12-06 for remotely activatable locator with backchannel.
This patent application is currently assigned to TRUEPOSITION, INC.. Invention is credited to Matthew L. Ward.
Application Number | 20120309341 13/151584 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47259795 |
Filed Date | 2012-12-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120309341 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ward; Matthew L. |
December 6, 2012 |
REMOTELY ACTIVATABLE LOCATOR WITH BACKCHANNEL
Abstract
A method for use in providing emergency services to a locator
device comprises remotely triggering the locator device. This
causes the locator device to employ a first wireless transceiver to
communicate with a control center and to employ a second wireless
transceiver to initiate an emergency services call to a public
services answering point (PSAP). Information relating to the
locator device is provided from the control center to the PASP
using a backchannel communications channel.
Inventors: |
Ward; Matthew L.;
(Collegeville, PA) |
Assignee: |
TRUEPOSITION, INC.
Berwyn
PA
|
Family ID: |
47259795 |
Appl. No.: |
13/151584 |
Filed: |
June 2, 2011 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
455/404.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W 4/90 20180201; H04W
4/02 20130101; H04W 76/50 20180201; H04W 4/029 20180201; H04W 64/00
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
455/404.2 |
International
Class: |
H04W 4/22 20090101
H04W004/22 |
Claims
1. A method for use in providing emergency services to a locator
device in a wireless communications network (WCN), wherein the
locator device comprises first and second wireless transceiver
modules, comprising: remotely triggering the locator device and
thereby causing the locator device to employ the first wireless
transceiver to communicate with a control center and to employ the
second wireless transceiver to initiate an emergency services call
to a public services answering point (PSAP); and providing
information relating to the locator device from the control center
to the PSAP using a backchannel communications channel from the
control center to the PSAP, wherein the information relating to the
locator device includes identifiers corresponding to the locator,
said identifiers being sufficient to enable the PSAP to associate
information received at the PSAP from the locator device and the
control center; wherein the backchannel communications channel is
formed from a first data link from the control center, a digital
communications network coupled to the first data link, and a second
data link from the to the digital communications network to the
PSAP.
2. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising providing
wireless identifiers corresponding to the locator device in the
information provided by the control center to the PSAP to enable
the PSAP to associate information received at the PSAP from the
locator device and the control center.
3. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising providing at
least one of multimedia, environmental and medical sensor
information from the locator device to the control center, and
providing this information from the control center to the PSAP via
the backchannel communications channel.
4. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising providing a
location record for the locator device from a database to the PSAP
while conducting the emergency services call.
5. (canceled)
6. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the communication
between the locator device and the control center using the first
transceiver is conducted via the WCN.
7. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the communication
between the locator device and the control center using the first
transceiver is conducted via a WiFi network.
8. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising providing at
least one of environmental and medical sensor information from the
locator device to the control center and providing this information
from the control center to the PSAP via the backchannel
communications channel, and providing a location record for the
locator device from a database to the PSAP while conducting the
emergency services call.
9. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the communication
between the locator device and the PSAP using the second
transceiver is conducted via the WCN; and wherein the communication
between the locator device and the control center using the first
transceiver is conducted via a WiFi network.
10. A system for use in providing emergency services to a locator
device in a wireless communications network (WCN), wherein the
locator device comprises first and second wireless transceiver
modules, comprising: a control center configured for remotely
triggering the locator device and thereby causing the locator
device to employ the first wireless transceiver to communicate with
the control center and to employ the second wireless transceiver to
initiate an emergency services call to a public services answering
point (PSAP) and for providing information relating to the locator
device from the control center to the PSAP using a backchannel
communications channel; wherein the control center is further
configured for providing wireless identifiers corresponding to the
locator device in the information provided by the control center to
the PSAP to enable the PSAP to associate information received at
the PSAP from the locator device and the control center; wherein
the control center is further configured for receiving at least one
of environmental and medical sensor information from the locator
device, and for providing this information to the PSAP via the
backchannel communications channel; and wherein the backchannel
communications channel from the control center to the PSAP is
formed from a first data link from the control center, a public or
private digital communications network coupled to the first data
link, and a second data link from the to the public or private
digital communications network to the PSAP.
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
13. A system as recited in claim 10, further comprising means for
providing a location record for the locator device from a database
to the PSAP while conducting the emergency services call.
14. (canceled)
15. A system as recited in claim 10, wherein the communication
between the locator device and the control center using the first
transceiver is conducted via the WCN.
16. A system as recited in claim 10, wherein the communication
between the locator device and the control center using the first
transceiver is conducted via a WiFi network.
17. (canceled)
18. A system as recited in claim 10, wherein the communication
between the locator device and the PSAP using the second
transceiver is conducted via the WCN; and wherein the communication
between the locator device and the control center using the first
transceiver is conducted via a WiFi network.
19. A locator device, comprising: first and second wireless
transceiver modules and a control processor; wherein the control
processor is configured to enable the locator device to be remotely
triggered and thereby cause the locator device to employ the first
wireless transceiver to communicate with a control center and to
employ the second wireless transceiver to initiate an emergency
services call to a public services answering point (PSAP), and to
provide at least one of environmental and medical sensor
information from the locator device to the control center, thus
enabling the control center to provide this information to a the
PSAP via a backchannel communications channel, wherein the
backchannel communications channel is formed from a first data link
from the control center, a digital communications network coupled
to the first data link, and a second data link from the to the
digital communications network to the PSAP.
20. A method for use in providing emergency services to a locator
device in a wireless communications network (WCN), wherein the
locator device comprises first, second and third wireless
transceiver modules, comprising: remotely triggering the locator
device and thereby causing the locator device to employ the first
wireless transceiver to communicate with a control center via a
wide area link or a local area link, and to employ the second
wireless transceiver to initiate an emergency services call to a
public services answering point (PSAP); and adding additional radio
resources by activating additional transceivers as needed to meet
the data bandwidth needed by the locator's on-board sensors.
21. A method as recited in claim 20, further comprising providing
information relating to the locator device from the control center
to the PSAP using a backchannel communications channel.
22. A method as recited in claim 21, wherein the control center
requests a high quality of service for additional network radio
resources via the locator.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] This patent application is related in subject matter to U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 12/904,904, filed Oct. 14, 2010,
entitled "Remotely Activatable Locator with Voice/Data Relay,"
which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
12/686,239, filed Jan. 12, 2010, entitled "Remotely Activatable
Locator System and Method Using a Wireless Location System," which
is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
12/029,951, filed Feb. 12, 2008, entitled "Remotely Activatable
Locator System and Method," which claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 60/889,426, filed Feb. 12, 2007.
The contents of these applications are hereby incorporated by
reference in their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates generally to methods and
apparatus for locating wireless devices, also called mobile
stations (MS), such as those used in analog or digital cellular
systems, personal communications systems (PCS), enhanced
specialized mobile radios (ESMRs), and other types of wireless
communications systems. More particularly, but not exclusively, the
present invention relates to methods for obtaining a location
estimate from a remotely activated personal wireless device for
delivery to a public safety organization while simultaneously
relaying the conversation between a caretaker and response
agency.
[0003] Personal tracking devices have been found to be useful in
locating lost objects and, more importantly, missing persons. Such
tracking devices typically use a network of Global Positioning
Satellites (GPS) in low earth orbit that broadcast precise timing
signals from on-board atomic clocks. Using triangulation formulas,
a device that picks up signals from several satellites
simultaneously can determine its position in global coordinates,
namely latitude and longitude. Thus, an object and/or person
carrying the GPS device may be located provided the appropriate
equipment and trained personnel are available for determining the
location of the GPS device. However, GPS signals, like any other
satellite signal, are prone to numerous interferences including
atmospheric disturbances, such as solar flares and naturally
occurring geomagnetic storms. In addition, man-made interference
can also disrupt, or jam, GPS signals. Further, anything that can
block sunlight can block GPS signals. This raises the question of
whether or not GPS is reliable in locating a missing and wandering
person who may be in, or next to, a building, under a tree, in the
brush, under a bridge, in an urban environment, in a vehicle or
even a person who has fallen down and has their GPS unit covered by
their own body.
[0004] Other known tracking devices use radio signal emitting
transmitters. However, these types of tracking devices require an
expensive receiver device in the area to receive and track the
emitted radio signal. Thus, without the appropriate receiving
device in the area and/or trained personnel capable of operating
the receivers, these tracking devices would be useless for locating
lost objects and/or missing persons.
[0005] Overview of Emergency Call Location
[0006] In a series of orders (including FCC Orders 96-264, 99-96,
and 99-245), under docket 94-102, the United States Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) mandated that wireless (Cellular,
Personal Communications Systems (PCS), Specialized Mobile Radio
(SMR)) carriers support emergency services calling for wireless
phone users. The FCC's Enhanced 9-1-1 Phase II, emergency services
for wireless users with automatic high accuracy location, was
scheduled for implementation in October 2001.
[0007] The European Union and member nations followed suit in
implementing a universal short-code emergency services number
(1-1-2) with "best-effort" location in 2003 and the
telematics-focused "eCall" initiative. eCall is expected to be
implemented co-incident with the operational status of the
"Galileo" Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Galileo is to
be similar in function to the United States NavStar Global
Positioning System (GPS).
[0008] Standardization of Emergency Call Location
[0009] To allow for delivery of caller location to the emergency
responders (in the United States, a public safety answering point
(PSAP) commonly handles dispatching Fire, Police, or Ambulance
first responders based on 9-1-1 emergency calls) across
multi-vendor networks, standardization efforts were undertaken
prior to deployment. A joint European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
project, facilitated by the Telecommunications Industry Alliance
(TIA) and industry representatives, was conceived to handle
standardization for the North American market.
[0010] The methods and means for position reporting to emergency
services systems, as mandated by the FCC in the E911 Phase II
mandate, was addressed for North American wireless carriers in
Joint ETSI/ANSI Standard 36 (J-STD-036). The J-STD-036 standard
provides basic definitions, formats and constraints, and defines
the messaging required to transfer identity information, call
control information and location-reporting about wireless emergency
services callers between wireless and wired network servers
enabling coordination between public safety agencies, wireless
carriers, equipment manufacturers, and local wireline carriers.
[0011] A wireless location system determines geographic position
and, in some cases, the speed and direction of travel of wireless
devices. Wireless location systems use uplink (device-to-network)
signals, downlink (network-to-device) signals, or
non-communications network signals (fixed beacons, terrestrial
broadcasts, and/or satellite broadcasts). Network-based location
solutions use specialized receivers and/or passive monitors within,
or overlaid on, the wireless communications network to collect
signaling used to determine location. Network-based techniques
include uplink Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA), Angle-Of-Arrival
(AOA), Multipath Analysis (RF fingerprinting), and signal strength
measurement (SSM).
[0012] Mobile-based location solutions use the mobile receivers or
ancillary receivers in the mobile device to collect signaling from
the wireless network, satellite broadcasts or terrestrial
broadcasts. Mobile-based techniques may use assistance data (for
instance broadcast information) but calculate the position estimate
locally. Mobile-based location solutions may be WCN independent
(where WCN refers to the wireless communications network).
[0013] Mobile-assisted location solutions employ the mobile
receiver or ancillary receivers in the mobile device to collect
signaling from the wireless network, satellite broadcasts or
terrestrial broadcasts. Mobile-assisted location takes advantage of
assistance data delivered over the wireless network and delivers
collected signal data to a landside server for final position
estimation.
[0014] Mobile-based or Mobile-assisted (e.g. Device-based) location
techniques include CID (serving Cell-ID), CID-RTF (serving cell-ID
plus radio time-of-flight time-based ranging), CIDTA (serving
cell-ID plus time-based ranging), Enhanced Cell-ID (ECID, a serving
cell, time-based ranging and power difference of arrival hybrid),
Advanced-Forward-Link-Trilateration (AFLT), Enhanced Observed Time
Difference (E-OTD), Observed-Time-Difference-of-Arrival (OTDOA) and
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning. An example
of a GNSS system is the United States NavStar Global Positioning
System (GPS).
[0015] Hybrids of the network-based and mobile device-based
techniques can be used to generate improved quality of services
including improved speed, accuracy, yield, and uniformity of
location. Hybrids also provide a fall-back location capability in
case of location failure.
[0016] Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
[0017] A dual SIM mobile phone is one which holds two SIM cards in
order for the subscriber to maintain two subscriptions with two
different network operators with one mobile device. Originally,
dual SIM phones switched between the active and standby SIMS and
between WCNs allowing a split between paging and origination to
optimize coverage and cost. Such standby dual SIM phones typically
had a single wireless transceiver module. Newer, active dual SIM
phones hold two SIM cards and two wireless transceiver modules and
allow for concurrent registration and operation in two wireless
communications networks. The term "SIM" is used herein in place of
the Global System for Mobility (GSM) Subscriber Identity Module
(SIM), the 3.sup.rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) Universal
Subscriber identity module (U-SIM), The 3.sup.rd Generation
Partnership Program 2 (3GPP2) CDMA Subscriber Identify Module
(CSIM) or Removable User Identity Module (R-UIM) and the 3GPP's 4G
Subscriber Identity Module (4GSIM).
[0018] The air interface protocols now used in the wireless
industry include AMPS, N-AMPS, TDMA, CDMA,TS-CDMA, OFDM, OFDMA,
GSM, TACS, ESMR, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, WCDMA, WiMAX, LTE and others.
The term CDMA will be used to refer to the CDMA digital cellular
(TIA/EIA TR-45.4 defined IS-95, IS-95A, IS-95B), Personal
Communications Services (J-STD-008), and 3GPP2 defined CDMA-2000
and UMB standards and air interfaces. The term UMTS will be used to
refer to the 3GPP specified Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) based Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System, defining standards, and radio air
interface. The term WiMAX is used to denote the IEEE defined
802.16, "Broadband Wireless"; 802.20, "Mobile Broadband Wireless
Access"; and 802.22, "Wireless Regional Area Networks"
technologies. The present invention also applies to the 3GPP
defined Long-Term-Evolution (LTE) and the 3GPP LTE-Advanced system
among others. The Next Generation 9-1-1 Initiative is a project to
define the system architecture for a all-digital, Internet Protocol
(IP)-based delivery of multimedia 9-1-1 "calls." New wireless and
IP- based communications devices and services are being rapidly
developed, extending the current voice offerings with new
capabilities such as text messaging and video messaging.
Unfortunately, the current 9-1-1 system was never intended to
receive calls and data from phones with these new features and
capabilities. Unable to receive text and video messaging, the
emergency responders cannot take advantage of the potential
lifesaving advances multimedia calling brings.
[0019] The National Emergency Numbering Association (NENA) has
compiled a list of capabilities for emergency calling that does
take advantage of multimedia calling. These services; as described
in Annex A of "Use Cases & Suggested Requirements for Non-Voice
Centric (NVC) Emergency Services", NENA 73-501, Version 1.0, Jan.
11, 2011; include:
[0020] a) Text messaging to a PSAP
[0021] b) Text messaging with media (photos, pre-recorded video, or
real-time video)
[0022] c) Voice call with media (photos, pre-recorded video, or
real-time video)
[0023] d) Voice call in non-emergency situation
[0024] e) Voice call with delayed media (photos, pre-recorded
video, or real-time video)
[0025] f) Voice call plus text messaging
[0026] g) Text messaging with location updates
[0027] h) Voice call with location updates
[0028] i) Transmission of media (photos, pre-recorded video, or
real-time video)
[0029] j) Text messaging with emergency indication on device
[0030] k) Voice call adding media (photos, pre-recorded video, or
real-time video) as PSAP request
[0031] l) Real-time video with ASL
[0032] m) Real-time video with ASL via relay service
[0033] Additional call related data for voice and the non-voice
calling may also be transmitted via the control data stream.
Examples of the additional data can be found in "NENA Standard for
NG9-1-1 Additional Data, NENA 71-001, version 1.0, Sep. 17,
2009.
[0034] Due to the multi-media limitations of the widely deployed
legacy (2.sup.nd and 3.sup.rd generation) wireless systems, the
next-generation emergency communications services, it is expected
that these services can only be introduced on 4.sup.th generation
systems such as the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system and
IEEE-802.16e (WIMAX).
SUMMARY
[0035] In cases of an emergency location where a locator is
attached to a mute subject or object, a locator with voice relay
using a dual SIM, dual transceiver module device allows for
extended emergency services calling where a 3.sup.rd party such as
a caretaker, care giver, guardian, or custodial organization may be
involved in real-time with the automatically located call to
provide verbal or textual information to responders.
[0036] For example, in a method embodiment of the present
invention, upon initiation of an emergency services call from a
locator device, a three-way call involving the locator device, a
caretaker associated with the locator device, and an emergency
services answering point is established. In addition, a location
record for the locator device is provided from a database to the
answering point while conducting the three-way call.
[0037] In another embodiment, a system in accordance with the
present invention includes means responsive to the initiation of an
emergency services call from the locator device for establishing a
three-way call involving the locator device, a caretaker associated
with the locator device, and an emergency services answering point,
and means for providing a location record for the locator device
from a database to the answering point while conducting the
three-way call.
[0038] In yet another embodiment, a locator device in accordance
with the present invention comprises first and second wireless
transceiver modules, a first subscriber information module (SIM),
and a control processor. In this example embodiment, the locator
device is configured to operate in a WCN to establish a control
communications path between the locator device and a caretaker, and
an emergency call path between the locator device and an answering
point, and the control processor is configured for performing
signal modification functions including volume control, echo
cancellation, interception of DTMF control tones, and insertion of
pre-recorded messaging into the control communications path or the
emergency call path.
[0039] In yet another embodiment, the use of a remotely activatable
mobile locator device with multiple wireless transceivers allows
multiple simultaneous voice and data connections for multiple voice
paths, multimedia messaging, or sensor telemetry data over a legacy
WCN. Interconnection of the separate data paths using common
identifiers allows for early deployment of advanced location-based
services, including next-generation emergency services.
[0040] In yet another embodiment, a method for use in providing
emergency services to a locator device comprises remotely
triggering the locator device and thereby causing the locator
device to employ a first wireless transceiver to communicate with a
control center and to employ a second wireless transceiver to
initiate an emergency services call to a public services answering
point (PSAP); and providing information relating to the locator
device from the control center to the PASP using a backchannel
communications channel. This embodiment may also include providing
wireless identifiers corresponding to the locator device in the
information provided by the control center to the PSAP to enable
the PSAP to associate information received at the PSAP from the
locator device and the control center, providing at least one of
environmental and medical sensor information from the locator
device to the control center and providing this information from
the control center to the PSAP via the backchannel communications
channel, and providing a location record for the locator device
from a database to the PSAP while conducting the emergency services
call. In addition, in this embodiment, the backchannel
communications channel from the control center to the PSAP may be
formed from a first data link from the control center, a public or
private digital communications network coupled to the first data
link, and a second data link from the to the public or private
digital communications network to the PSAP. Furthermore, the
communication between the locator device and the control center
using the first transceiver may be conducted via the WCN or a WiFi
network.
[0041] Other aspects of the invention are described below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] The foregoing summary as well as the following detailed
description is better understood when read in conjunction with the
appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention,
there is shown in the drawings exemplary constructions of the
invention; however, the invention is not limited to the specific
methods and instrumentalities disclosed. In the drawings:
[0043] FIG. 1 is an illustration of the steps in an emergency
services location process.
[0044] FIG. 2 is an illustration of an example emergency services
location process with remote locator with relay activated
locally.
[0045] FIG. 3 is an illustration of an example emergency services
location process with remote locator with relay activated
remotely.
[0046] FIG. 4 is an illustration of the interactions between a
caretaker, remote locator, wireless network, location network, and
emergency services answering point.
[0047] FIG. 5 is an illustration of the interactions between the
caretaker, remote locator, wireless network, satellite location
network, and emergency services answering point.
[0048] FIG. 6 is a depiction of the major functional subsystems of
the locator with relay device.
[0049] FIG. 7 is a depiction of the locator with relay device
equipped for location using satellite signals or terrestrial
broadcast networks.
[0050] FIG. 8 depicts the multi-transceiver locator in
operation.
[0051] FIG. 9 illustrates an example configuration for
automatically joining the data paths.
[0052] FIG. 10 is an illustration of an example emergency services
location process with remote locator with relay activated locally
and telemetry provided via forwarding.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0053] We will now describe illustrative embodiments of the present
invention. First, we provide a detailed overview of the problem and
then a more detailed description of our solutions.
[0054] A. Rationale Model for Radio Relay
[0055] At the request of public safety organizations, the
initiation of conference calls (also known as a 3-way or
multi-party calls) during emergency services calls is prohibited
(e.g. 3GPP TS 22.173 "IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS)
Multimedia Telephony Service and supplementary services; Stage 1"
(section 8.2.13) which is required for all GERAN, UTRAN and
E-UTRAN-based wireless communications systems). Since current
classes of mobile devices are conference call enabled at the switch
(as to preserve valuable radio bandwidth and reduce the cost of the
mobile device), there currently is no way around the prohibition.
However, in certain custodial cases (e.g. impaired individuals,
inanimate objects) the use of conference calling, allowing
interconnection of a caretaker to the answering point, would be a
great value.
[0056] Herein is described a system and method for the use of new
type of mobile devices equipped with multiple wireless transceiver
modules. These multiple transceiver modules allows the use of the
mobile device as a relay with a first (control) leg of the
conversational path (mobile device to caretaker) to be connected to
the emergency services call center (e.g. the Public Safety
answering point (PSAP)) via a second (emergency) radio leg. The
term "call leg" includes the wireless connection and wired
connection between the mobile locator device and the end-party,
either the caretaker or emergency services answering point. A
"call" may be either a switched-circuit or packet data connection.
"Calls" to the emergency services answering point will be voice
calls while "calls" to the caretaker may be voice, short message
service, or data sessions.
[0057] Enhanced Wireless Emergency Services Calling
[0058] A model for current, mobile-phone based, emergency services
location process is shown in FIG. 1. The FIG. 1 model uses non-call
associated (N-CAS) signaling where the location estimate is
performed during the call and the location is calculated and stored
until requested. The alternative scenario, call-associated
signaling (CAS), would hold delivery of the call until the location
estimate is available and can be thus delivered simultaneously with
the call connection. The present invention functions in either CAS
or N-CAS scenarios.
[0059] In the current illustrative emergency services scenario, the
caller dials emergency services 101 (typically a short code (e.g.
9-1-1, 1-1-2, 9-9-9) or in some cases a single button that dials
the code. The wireless communications network (WCN) identifies the
call as emergency services call and then routes the call with
identifying information to the default or geographically closest
answering point 102. Meanwhile the WCN initiates location for the
mobile device 103. The wireless location system (WLS) computes the
location using mobile, network or hybrid means 104. The WLS
forwards the location to the WCN, which then stores the location
and identifiers in the Automatic Location Index (ALI) database 105.
At some time during the call, the answering point requests location
from the ALI database using the mobile or subscriber identifier
106. The ALI database responds to the location request with the
location estimate for the mobile device, possibly with a
confidence/error value, speed, and direction of travel 107.
[0060] Remotely Activatable Locator with Relay
[0061] Using the remote locator for the elderly, under-aged, the
infirm, or for property recovery services also involves multiple
agencies and actors. Three-way calling is employed so that the
locator device can be located using the location-enabled emergency
services enabled WCN via a first wireless connection. A second
wireless connection is used so that the caretaker, care-giver,
legal guardian, call center, or custodian can be included in the
conversation with the answering point. The locator may or may not
have a speaker and microphone to include the located person in the
call.
[0062] Three-way calling may also be employed for cargo and/or
asset recovery. The answering points (the local PSAPs) will not
allow pre-recorded messages to come in on the emergency services
(E911, E112, etc) system for these types of property crimes.
Therefore, to locate asset(s) and/or apprehend suspects, it may be
necessary to have three-way call capability for the caretaker to
actually communicate with the answering point. Since the emergency
services enabled WCN supports location of emergency services calls,
automatic location of the locator relay device is therefore enabled
for the device-to-answering point wireless connection. FIG. 2
depicts a model procedure for the 3-way call with location
involving the 3.sup.rd party caretaker (guardian or recovery
services) and the public safety answering point.
[0063] The dual radio represensents the simplest locator, but
locators with more than two radios are envisioned (e.g. cellular,
PCS, WiFi, and Bluetooth). These additional radios can be under
control of the control center via the control radio path, and can
be used to create additional available bandwidth to sensors on the
locator (e.g. video) that is collected at the control center and
aggregated for delivery via the backchannel. Creation of the
additional data bandwidth via addition of radio connections can be
done at any time and without disruption of the calls to the
answering point or control center.
[0064] Remotely Activatable Locator with Backchannel
[0065] The locator device provides multiple radio communications
paths allowing for the automatic location of the locator and
communications between the caretaker and response agency.
[0066] In addition to relayed voice communication the additional
data channel provided by dual transceiver locator can be used to
provide next generation additional services and information in the
case of an emergency services call over a legacy WCN. The control
center can forward messaging and data to a PSAP. The customer
premises equipment (CPE) on the PSAP would then use the wireless
identifiers associated with the E911 call and included in the
forwarded data to then link the two data streams. Additional
multimedia (sound with video or photographs), environmental or
medical sensor information from the locator (if so equipped) and
data based on the holder/person or attachment (e.g. vehicle, make
model, year) information from the control center can also be
provided over the direct link between the control center and PSAP
over the relayed radio link or a backchannel communications
channel.
[0067] The control leg need not be a persistent connection and may
be terminated and re-tasked by the control center, for instance the
control leg my be a voice call relayed via the device to the PSAP
and then be switched to provide data from locator-based sensors
without disruption of the call leg directed to the answering
point.
[0068] Actual use of the call-concurrent telemetry services is
precluded on legacy wireless communications networks (GSM, UMTS,
IS-29, IS-2000) due to the single-threaded, relatively low
bandwidth nature of these networks. Use of the dual locator allows
early deployment of the multimedia, telemetry and databased
background information services on these legacy networks.
[0069] FIG. 2--Local Activation of Remote Locator Relay
[0070] FIG. 2 shows the basic procedure for the local activation,
call initiation, automatic location, and interconnection of the
caretaker and the answering point via the relay locator. Local
activation allows the mobile device to generate two wireless
connections (either simultaneously or sequentially) via the dual
wireless transceiver modules. Local activation can in response to a
push button, timer, geo-fence crossing, or external triggering(s)
such as medical telemetry, environmental sensors, or intrusion
alarming.
[0071] Whatever the reason for the local activation, an emergency
services call would be locally initiated 201 either simultaneously
or sequentially with a call to the caretaker. Preferably, the first
call to the caretaker would be placed prior or concurrently with
the second call to the emergency services answering point. In
either case, The WCN identifies one call as an emergency services
call and then routes the call with identifying information to the
default or geographically closest answering point 202. The locator
acts as a relay between the call to the caretaker and the call to
the answering point 203 while maintaining two radio connections
with one or more WCN. Meanwhile, the WCN initiates location for the
mobile device 204 based on the emergency call. The wireless
location system (WLS) computes the location using mobile, network
or hybrid means 205. The WLS forwards the location to the WCN,
which then stores the location and identifiers in the ALI database
206. At some time during the call, the answering point requests
location from the ALI database using the mobile or subscriber
identifier 207. The ALI database responds to the location request
with the location estimate for the mobile device, possibly with a
confidence/error value, speed, and direction of travel 208.
[0072] FIG. 3--Remote Activation
[0073] FIG. 3 shows the basic procedure for the remote activation,
call initiation, automatic location, and interconnection of the
caretaker and the answering point via the relay locator. Using
in-band signaling remote activation allows the caretaker to connect
with the mobile device via one wireless connection and then
initiate a second wireless connection via the mobile device. Using
out-of-band initiation, for instance when using a Short Message
Service (SMS) as a trigger, the mobile device can then generate two
wireless connections (either simultaneously or sequentially) via
the dual wireless transceiver modules.
[0074] As depicted in FIG. 3, a call would be placed from the
caretaker to the device, or the device would call the caretaker
based on reception of an activation SMS. If the relay locator is
activated by an SMS, the locator will preferably initiate the
control leg (device to caretaker) leg first. In either case, an
emergency services call and potentially the control call, would be
remotely initiated 301. The WCN identifies the call as an emergency
services call and then routes the call with identifying information
to the default or geographically closest answering point 302. The
locator acts as a relay between the call to the caretaker and the
call to the answering point 303, maintaining the two radio paths
and interconnecting the two conversation paths. Meanwhile, the WCN
initiates location for the mobile device 304. The wireless location
system (WLS) computes the location using mobile, network or hybrid
means 305. The WLS forwards the location to the WCN, which then
stores the location and identifiers in the ALI database 206. At
some time during the call, the answering point requests location
from the ALI database using the mobile or subscriber identifier
307. The ALI database responds to the location request with the
location estimate for the mobile device, possibly with a
confidence/error value, speed, and direction of travel 308.
[0075] Both the remote and local activation scenarios, additional
parties may be conferenced into the emergency call at either end of
the relayed call path. For instance, the caretaker may call family
or neighbors or the PSAP may include multiple first responders into
the call.
[0076] B. Network Model for Radio Relay
[0077] FIG. 4--Remote Locator with Relay with Network-Based
Location
[0078] FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative example of the locator relay
operating in a Wireless Communications Network (WCN). In this
example, a dual-transceiver module locator 401 is in duplex radio
communication with the Radio Access Network (RAN) represented here
by the base transceiver station (BTS) towers 402 403. FIG. 4 shows
both the control communications path 418 between the locator 401
and the caretaker 406 and the emergency call path 417 between the
locator 401 and the answering point 407. The dual-transceiver
module locator 301 initiates and maintains the two radio
connections, the first 404 for the control path 418 and the second
405 for the emergency path 417. The Central Office (also known as
the Core Network (CN)) 410 handles the dialed digit analysis and
call interconnection for each communications path 418 417.
Interconnection between the control 418 and emergency 417
communication paths is accomplished within the locator 401. For
purposes of simplicity, the example in FIG. 4 shows both call legs
417 418 in the same WCN although similar functionality is expected
if the call legs were handled by different WCN.
[0079] The caretaker 406, whether a spouse, nurse, nursing home, or
call center, is responsible for the activation of both the control
communications path 418 and emergency communications path 418.
Interconnected to the core network 410 via a landline network 409,
the caretaker can access the remote locator by simply calling the
phone number associated with the locator 401 via the registered
SIM. The CN 410, as part of the normal mobility function provided
by a WCN, will pass the control call to the radio access network
(represented here by the cell towers 402 403 and the associated BTS
spans and trunks 412 413) for delivery to the remote locator 301
via a first radio connection 404.
[0080] The remote locator 401 has a secure activation capability to
prevent inadvertent or malicious activation. One method for secure
remote activation uses Short Message Service (SMS) for activation.
SMS provides the means to send an activation message payload from
an identifiable source. The SMS messages are only processed by the
locator if from a trusted source. The activation message contents
may be encrypted to provide further security. The Locator 401 does
not respond to invalid messages to prevent a possible intruder's
detection of a valid mobile identifier (e.g. the Mobile Subscriber
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Number [MS-ISDN]).
Preferably, each activation message should be in a particular
format or the message will be deemed invalid. Attempted activation
via invalid messages can be reported to the caretaker. Use of SMS
for remote activation is also beneficial as the store and forward
capabilities of the SMS work well with locators that may not be in
cell coverage when initially contacted since the wireless
communications system will repeatedly page the locator.
[0081] Another method for secure remote activation uses a
challenge-response method based on the exchange of in-band signals
(tones) with the caretaker 406. If supported by the WCN, the
locator will be registered as of the very long slotted paging class
of mobile devices, increasing battery life.
[0082] Once activated, the remote locator 401 will establish a
second radio connection 405 for the emergency call, which is then
carried via the RAN 403 and CN 410 and associated trunks 413 408 to
the answering point 407. Since an emergency call was placed, the
WCN will automatically determine the location of the remote locator
401 via the wireless location system 411. In the example
non-call-associated scenario, the location is deposited via data
link 415 into the ALI database 414. The answering point 407 may at
any time query the ALI database 414 via its own data link 416 to
obtain the location or request a new location be performed.
[0083] FIG. 5--Remote Locator with Relay with Device or
Hybrid-Based Location
[0084] FIG. 5 depicts the use of a mobile-based or mobile-assisted
equipped remote locator in a wireless communication system. A
hybrid location approach, combining network-based and device-based
location techniques will utilize the same approach.
[0085] FIG. 5 shows both the first, control communications path 519
between the locator 501 and the caretaker 506 and the second,
emergency call path 520 between the locator 501 and the answering
point 507. In FIG. 5 the caretaker 506 still activates the remote
locator 501 via the WCN (shown here as the central office 510, base
stations 502 503, the first radio path 504, the second radio path
505, and associated voice or data links 508 509 512 513). Once
activated, the locator establishes the first, control path 519 and
begins to collect satellite broadcast signals 518 from the Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) 517. This collection may be
aided by information and timing from the WCN assistance server 511.
While the satellite signals are being collected, the WCN
interconnects the locator 501 to the answering point 507 via a
voice trunk 508. Since the caretaker is already online to the
locator 501, the answering point and caretaker are then
interconnected via the locator device 501 relay.
[0086] Once sufficient satellite signals 518 have been collected to
form a location (either computed locally within the locator 501 or
passed to the assistance server 511 for processing potentially with
the addition of network-based measurement for a hybrid location),
the CN 510 delivers the location record to the ALI database 514 via
data link. The answering point 507 may then request that location
using its own data connection 516.
[0087] C. Reference Design for -based Locator with Relay
[0088] In FIG. 6, a block diagram of an illustrative embodiment of
a locator with relay 601 is shown. This diagram depicts major
functional subsystems of the locator with relay 601. This design
assumes a dual-frequency band (e.g., 850 MHz (Cellular Band) and
1900 MHz (PCS Band)) design to limit self-interference. The locator
601 shown in this example thus has two antenna 609 610 and two
wireless modules 602 603. This design shows two subscriber
information modules (SIMs) 604 605. The second SIM 605 is optional
in some cases.
[0089] The baseband digital signal between the wireless modules A
602 and wireless modules B 603 is shown here routed either via data
bus 611 612 to the control processor 606 for signal modification
such as volume control, echo cancellation, interception of DTMF
control tones from the caretaker or answering point and insertion
of pre-recorded messaging into the control or emergency voice path
or by the direct connection 617.
[0090] The control processor subsystem 606 handles onboard
management functions, memory management, and runs local (to the
locator) applications such as geofencing, sensor monitoring, power
rationing, and data logging. The control processor subsystem 606
can include general processing facilities, digital signal
processing (DSP), random access memory and non-volatile digital
memory. In practice, the wireless modules 602 603 may be combined
with the processor 606 into a single integrated circuit or
implemented using a software defined radio to create a pair of
virtual transceivers. The power subsystem 607 includes a battery
for mobile operation, interconnection for an external power source,
and power management circuitry to inform the processor 606 over a
data connection 616 of power status.
[0091] The locator design in FIG. 6 also shows the optional user
interface subsystem 608. The user interface may include audio
equipment, visual indicators, and interfaces to internal or
external sensors such as temperature, pressure, illumination and
g-force shock.
[0092] The locator design in FIG. 6 may be used for high-accuracy
network-based location and can also be used for low accuracy
mobile-based location as supported by the wireless communications
network or by off-line, user-plane, data services using 3.sup.rd
party cell location databases. Low accuracy location techniques
include cell-id, cell-id with ranging, power-based enhanced cell ID
(ECID), Advanced Forward-link Trilateration (AFLT), Enhanced
Forward-link Trilateration (EFLT) and Observed
Time-Difference-of-Arrival (OTDOA). Such low accuracy location
techniques may be used on the control path or emergency path.
Broadcast downlink signaling-based wireless location can be used to
support geo-fencing or other location needs of the caretaker
without involvement of the wireless emergency location network.
[0093] D. Reference Design for Mobile-Based/Assisted Locator with
Relay
[0094] In FIG. 7, a block diagram of the major functional
subsystems of a locator with mobile-based or mobile-assisted
location capabilities requiring a specialized antenna is depicted.
The remote locator 701 in this design supports multiple or
multi-band antennae 703 704, which lessen interference between the
control and emergency radio paths and radio frequency circuitry. A
third antenna 705 is shown for reception of broadcast signals from
a satellite constellation (such as the NavStar Global Positioning
System (GPS) or terrestrial broadcast network (either purpose built
such as the LORAN network or incidental such as the High-Definition
television (HDTV) broadcast stations). The navigation antenna 705
is connected to the mobile-based or mobile assisted location
subsystem 708 via an antenna feed (or data bus) 707 dependent on
the output of the navigation antenna 705.
[0095] The other functional subsystems 702 of the locator 701 may
be as shown in FIG. 6. The location subsystem 708 is generally
connected to the control processor system 608 (FIG. 6) via data bus
709 if not actually incorporated into the control processor. With
this arrangement, the control path and emergency path both have
access to the mobile-based or mobile-assisted high-accuracy
location and either wireless transceiver modules 602 603 (FIG. 6)
can be used to convey assistance information to the location
subsystem 708.
[0096] E. Interaction with Other Location-Based Services
[0097] The locator relay device also permits formation of new
location-based services. For instance, a geofence system can be
arranged based on the broadcast network information (see, for
example, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/198,996, filed Aug. 8, 2005,
entitled "Geo-fencing in a Wireless Location System") and then
report the alarm condition back over the control path allowing the
decision to initiate the emergency services call by the custodian
before activation of the emergency service location. For
mobile-determined location (for examples of mobile-based locator
techniques and a geofencing application, see U.S. application Ser.
No. 11/323,265, "Device and Network Enabled Geo-Fencing for Area
Sensitive Gaming Enablement"). In the case of mobile-based or
mobile-assisted location technology, the locator relay could
periodically, or on a triggering event, report current location
back over the control path allowing the decision to initiate the
emergency services call by the custodian before activation of the
emergency service location.
[0098] For hybrid location systems, the network-based and
mobile-based/assisted location technologies can both be used. In
one example, the network broadcasts are used for alarming the
custodian over the control path. The custodian then orders a
mobile-based/assisted location to confirm that the subject is
outside the geofenced area, preventing false alarms. The custodian
could then activate the emergency services call.
[0099] In any case, regardless of the location technology used, the
custodian would be placed in contact with the answering point while
the locator device position would be found automatically using the
location infrastructure deployed for wireless emergency
services.
[0100] FIG. 8
[0101] FIG. 8 geographically depicts the operations of the locator
with relay in providing telemetry for advanced services. The
locator 801 may initiate the communications session in response to
a local trigger (sensor or timer) or a trigger initiated remotely
via a message from the control center 814. Using the emergency call
(e.g. 9-1-1, 1-1-2, 9-9-9) example, the locator 801 places a call
over the radio air interface 803 and the radio access network 806.
This call is routed and connected to the PSAP 815 over wired or
wireless backhaul 810. This first connection is automatically
located by the wireless communications network using either
network-based or mobile-device based techniques; the locator's
location is stored in the ALI database 816 for delivery or later
retrieval using the ALI datalink 817.
[0102] The locator 801 also connects with the control center 814 or
caretaker via a radio link. This radio link may be provided by a
wide area system (e.g. cellular, WiMAX) or a wireless local area
network such as UWB, Bluetooth, WiBro or WiFi. This second
connection may even be placed over an LTE network. The second
connection from the locator 801 goes over the wide area network
radio link 802 and then the radio access network 805 and backhaul
808 to the control center 814. Alternately, the second connection
from the locator 801 can be made over the local area network radio
link 804 and the radio access network point 807 and backhaul 809 to
the control center 814. Using the data link 811 from the control
center 814, a public or private digital communications network 813
and the data link 812 from the PSAP 815, a backchannel 818 between
the control center and PSAP is formed.
[0103] Using the multi-transceiver locator with relay 801, the
control center 814 and PSAP are now in communication. Voice,
telemetry and additional information may now be sent over the first
connection to the PSAP, forwarded from the control center, and/or
sent via backchannel data link 811 813 812 to the PSAP. Additional
information on the locator 801 and locator subject (such as details
on the tagged object or holding individual including medical
information, identity information, a description of the individual
or characteristics of the tagged object) is available in a local or
remote database 819 connected to the to the control center 814 via
a LAN/WAN datalink 820. The databased information can then be
associated with the current call for delivery to the PSAP 815 via
the relayed voice channel 821 or the backchannel 818.
[0104] In cases where additional bandwidth is needed and wireless
facilities exist, the locator 801 under direction of the control
center 814 can make use of additional onboard radios and create a
third connection over radio link 804. In this example, the radio
link 804 is a high throughput connection allowing for high
bandwidth data services such as photo(s), video, multi-media, or
real-time telemetry to be delivered to the control center for
collection, aggregation and distribution to the answering point 815
(PSAP and or caretaker) via backchannel 818.
[0105] C. Telemetry via Backchannel in Operation
[0106] FIG. 9
[0107] FIG. 9 depicts an example of the automatic delivery of
databased information or locator telemetry data to a PSAP. Both the
emergency call 901 and the backchannel 902 enter the PSAP Customer
Premise Equipment 904 where they may be automatically associated.
Location data messaging 903 either directly from the wireless
operator or via the ALI database may also be automatically
associated. Since the locator device is aware of the identifiers
(e.g. International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), Temporary
Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI), International Mobile Equipment
Identity (IMEI), Electronic Serial Number (ESN), Mobile Subscriber
ISDN Number (MS-ISDN), Calling Number, Global Unique Identifier
(GUID)) related to the locator and the current call, these
identifiers can be sent to the control center and inserted into the
telemetry messaging allowing the multiple message streams to be
associated. Once the multiple telemetry and voice message streams
have been associated they can be routed to the call taker station
906, viewing screens 905 or to conventional telephony 907.
[0108] FIG. 10
[0109] FIG. 10 depicts a nominal scenario for an interconnected
call session with telemetry. This example offers the operation of
the system at an early stage of deployment.
[0110] The locator is triggered 1001, resulting in activation from
a low-power state. The locator calls the control center 1002 where
the determination of an emergency is made. If an emergency call is
warranted, the locator initiates an emergency services call 1003.
The Radio Access Network (RAN) and telephony network route the call
to the PSAP and automatically locate using available location
resources (network-based or mobile-based) 1004. Once connected, the
locator interconnects the control center and PSAP 1005. At this
point, the control center is in communication with the call taker
and the availability of telemetry can be conveyed. In the earliest
deployments, data will be presented and pulled from the control
center's servers via generic browsers at the PSAP.
[0111] In later deployments, integration with the PSAP CPE will
allow automatic association, routing and display of telemetry data
and databased information for delivery of advanced emergency
services.
[0112] D. Alternative Embodiments
[0113] While the present invention assumes the use of the dual
transceiver locator with relay, use of the backchannel can in some
cases reduce or eliminate the need for the rely function. A dual
transceiver locator could be deployed in areas where previous
agreement between the control center and PSAP has been reached and
CPE capable of automatic association of call and telemetry data has
been emplaced.
[0114] Use of the dual-transceiver locator with relay would allow
for voice communications between the control center and PSAP
allowing for ease of service introduction especially for vehicle or
property-loss related emergency services.
[0115] Single SIM, Dual Transceiver Modules
[0116] Unlike the active dual SIM phones, a second SIM is
unnecessary under the FCC's `shall carry` and E911 mandates. A
locator relay with one SIM and two transceiver modules can
therefore be used. The registered SIM allows for maintenance and
remote activation of the locator while the SIM-less, unregistered
transceiver can be used to place an emergency services call. In
accordance with J-STD-036, a Pseudo-ANI will be allocated for the
unregistered transceiver module, allowing for a unique ID and
callback at significant cost savings over maintaining two separate
registrations for the locator device.
[0117] Data Connections
[0118] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the remotely
activatable mobile locator device could include multiple data
connections for multiple voice paths, multimedia (sound,
photographic and/or video), or telemetry data. Use of non-cellular
(WiFi, WiMAX, UWB, etc.) communications for either radio path has
been considered and can be used, dependent on the location
capabilities of the communications system or locator device, for
either the control or emergency leg of the relayed voice/data
path.
[0119] In cases where higher throughput is required in excess of
what is available via the control leg and when wireless facilities
are available, the locator under direction of the control center
can activate additional onboard radios or request a higher quality
of service of the existing control radio path. When an additional
radio is installed in the locator (such as a wireless LAN
connection), the locator can be commanded to activate, search and
then create a third connection over the additional radio link.
[0120] When higher quality of services from the wireless
communications network are available, then the control leg can
command the locator to request additional wireless network
resources to service the control leg and provide the necessary
bandwidth to service the locator-based sensors (e.g.
multi-media).
[0121] Since management of data bandwidth is under control of the
control center via the control leg, the addition and deletion of
radio resources is dynamic and can happen at any time during the
call.
[0122] As a Software Application
[0123] As multi-radio interface wireless devices (e.g.
cellular/WiFi, cellular/Bluetooth) the locator can be offered as
installed/installable software application. The hardware of the
generic wireless device is then capable of supporting the multiple
radio links used to create the locator with relay and locator with
relay and backchannel functionality.
[0124] Single Antenna
[0125] In future embodiments, remotely activatable locator device
could include a single multi-band antenna and could either split
the received signal to use a duplexer dependent on the isolation
required by the wireless modules. This approach can be used with
the single software defined wireless transceiver module to minimize
remote locator with relay size or form factor.
[0126] In a multi-bearer, multi-threaded wireless communications
network (e.g. LTE) the ability of the wireless device to support
multiple communications links with different endpoints (e.g. the
control center and the PSAP) will allow the locator to perform its
duties using a single antenna and single transceiver.
[0127] F. Conclusion
[0128] The true scope the present invention is not limited to the
illustrative or presently preferred embodiments described herein.
For example, the illustrative details described above, e.g., in
respect to the locator with relay device of FIG. 6 or the locator
with relay device equipped for location using satellite signals or
terrestrial broadcast networks of FIG. 7, may be altered without
departing from the scope of protection defined by the claims set
forth below. In many cases, the place of implementation (i.e., the
functional element) described herein is merely a designer's
preference and not a hard requirement.
* * * * *