U.S. patent application number 13/584187 was filed with the patent office on 2012-11-29 for energy monitoring system and method.
This patent application is currently assigned to Strategic Design Federation W, Inc.. Invention is credited to Robert Osann, JR..
Application Number | 20120303554 13/584187 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38985777 |
Filed Date | 2012-11-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120303554 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Osann, JR.; Robert |
November 29, 2012 |
Energy Monitoring System and Method
Abstract
A portable energy monitoring point includes at least one power
plug receptacle, each power plug receptacle operably coupled to a
separate integral power sensor circuit. Each integral power sensor
circuit is configured to determine an electrical current drawn by
an electrical load connected to the corresponding at least one
power plug receptacle. An integral digital communications circuit
is configured to wirelessly transmit to a remote device a power
consumption for each of the at least one power plug receptacles.
The power consumption is derived from the electrical current drawn
by the electrical load connected to the corresponding at least one
power plug receptacle.
Inventors: |
Osann, JR.; Robert;
(Cupertino, CA) |
Assignee: |
Strategic Design Federation W,
Inc.
|
Family ID: |
38985777 |
Appl. No.: |
13/584187 |
Filed: |
August 13, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11888017 |
Jul 31, 2007 |
8265776 |
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13584187 |
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11006263 |
Dec 7, 2004 |
7253732 |
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11888017 |
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09949551 |
Sep 10, 2001 |
6993417 |
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11006263 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
705/412 ;
700/297; 702/62 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08B 13/19634 20130101;
G08B 13/19619 20130101; G08B 13/19695 20130101; H04L 2012/2843
20130101; G06Q 10/00 20130101; H04N 5/2254 20130101; H04L 63/0428
20130101; G08B 13/00 20130101; H04N 5/2251 20130101; Y04S 40/18
20180501; G08B 15/001 20130101; Y02B 90/20 20130101; G08B 13/19645
20130101; G01R 22/00 20130101; G05B 15/02 20130101; G06Q 50/06
20130101; G08B 13/19656 20130101; G08B 13/19693 20130101; Y04S
40/20 20130101; H04N 7/108 20130101; G01R 22/06 20130101; Y04S
20/30 20130101; H04L 67/125 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
705/412 ; 702/62;
700/297 |
International
Class: |
G06F 1/26 20060101
G06F001/26; G06Q 30/00 20120101 G06Q030/00; G06F 19/00 20110101
G06F019/00 |
Claims
1. A portable energy monitoring device comprising: at least one
power plug receptacle, each power plug receptacle operably coupled
to a separate integral power sensor circuit, each integral power
sensor circuit configured to determine an electrical current
waveform for an electrical load connected to the corresponding
power plug receptacle; and an integral digital communications
circuit configured to wirelessly transmit to a central device a
digital representation of the electrical current waveform for the
electrical load connected to the corresponding power plug
receptacle.
2. The portable energy monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the
integral digital communications circuit is further configured to
receive commands from the central device to alter a flow of
electrical current to individual ones of the power plug
receptacles.
3. The portable energy monitoring device of claim 1, further
comprising: a display configured to provide a power consumption
cost corresponding to power consumption of the portable energy
monitoring device.
4. The portable energy monitoring device of claim 3, wherein the
power consumption cost is derived, at least in part, using power
cost information obtained from the Internet.
5. The portable energy monitoring device of claim 1, wherein power
consumption for each power plug receptacle is determined, at least
in part, using a supply voltage obtained from a smart meter
operably coupled to a source of electricity corresponding to a
structure that includes the portable energy monitoring device.
6. The portable energy monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the
portable energy monitoring device is connected to an electrical
junction box.
7. A method of monitoring electrical energy usage using an energy
monitoring device comprising at least one power plug receptacle,
the method comprising: measuring, by the energy monitoring device,
an electrical current drawn by an electrical load connected to each
of the at least one power plug receptacles; determining, by the
energy monitoring device, an electrical current waveform
corresponding to the electrical load for each of the at least one
power plug receptacles; and transmitting, by the energy monitoring
device, a digital representation of the electrical current waveform
for each of the at least one power plug receptacles to a central
device.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein each power plug receptacle is
operably coupled to a separate integral power sensor circuit used
to determine the electrical current waveform for the electrical
load connected to the corresponding power plug receptacle.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: receiving from the
central device an instruction to alter a flow of the electrical
current to one or more of the power plug receptacles; and
independently altering the flow of the electrical current to the
corresponding power plug receptacles in response to the
instruction.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein altering the flow of electricity
includes turning off the corresponding power plug receptacle.
11. A method of monitoring electrical energy usage using a
plurality of energy monitoring devices comprising at least one
power plug receptacle, the method comprising: receiving, by a
central device, from each of the energy monitoring devices, an
electrical current waveform for an electrical load connected to
each of the at least one power plug receptacles included in the
energy monitoring device; and transmitting one or more instructions
from the central device to one or more of the energy monitoring
devices, to separately alter a flow of the electrical current to
one or more of the power plug receptacles included in the energy
monitoring devices.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: identifying, by the
central device, the electrical load connected to the individual
ones of the power plug receptacles from an analysis of the
electrical current waveform corresponding to the respective power
plug receptacle.
13. The method of claim 11, further comprising; calculating a power
consumption cost corresponding to each of the power plug
receptacles; automatically determining a location for each of the
plurality of energy monitoring devices; and displaying a graphic
including the location of each of the plurality of energy
monitoring devices and the respective power consumption cost.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the central device is in
wireless communication with a smart meter, the smart meter being
operably coupled to a source of electricity corresponding to a
structure that includes the plurality of energy monitoring devices
and configured to obtain power cost information from an electricity
producer using an Internet connection.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the power consumption cost is
determined using the power cost information and the electrical
current waveform.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein each power plug receptacle is
operably coupled to a separate integral power sensor circuit used
to determine the electrical current waveform for the electrical
load connected to the corresponding at least one power plug
receptacle.
17. A system for monitoring energy use, the system comprising: one
or more energy monitoring devices comprising: at least one power
plug receptacle, each power plug receptacle operably coupled to a
separate integral power sensor circuit configured to determine an
electrical current waveform for an electrical load connected to the
corresponding at least one power plug receptacle, and an integral
digital wireless communications circuit; and a central device
configured to communicate wirelessly with each of the one or more
energy monitoring devices, receive the electrical current waveform
for each of the power plug receptacles, wherein power consumption
for each of the power plug receptacles is derived from the
electrical current waveform for the electrical load connected to
the corresponding at least one power plug receptacle, and transmit
commands to alter a flow of the electrical current to individual
ones of the power plug receptacles.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein each of the one or more energy
monitoring devices is each connected to an electrical junction
box.
19. The system of claim 17, further comprising: a smart meter
operably coupled to a source of electricity corresponding to a
structure that includes the energy monitoring device, and
configured to obtain power cost information from an electricity
producer using an Internet connection.
20. The system of claim 17, wherein the electrical load connected
to the individual ones of the at least one power plug receptacle is
identifiable from an analysis of the electrical current waveform
corresponding to the respective power plug receptacle.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS
[0001] This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/888,017, filed Jul. 31, 2007, and entitled
"Energy Monitoring System and Method", which is a Divisional of
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/006,263, filed Dec. 7, 2004,
(now U.S. Pat. No. 7,253,732) and entitled "Home Intrusion
Confrontation Avoidance System" which is a Continuation-In-Part of
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/949,551, filed Sep. 10, 2001,
(now U.S. Pat. No. 6,993,417) and entitled "System for Energy
Sensing Analysis and Feedback", the entire disclosures which are
incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention generally relates to the field of electronic
systems for homes and buildings, including systems for home
networking, home energy and appliance controls, and home
security/surveillance systems, with special emphasis on energy
monitoring, feedback and profiling, and in particular, the use of
electrical junction boxes for purposes they do not normally
perform. Although many of the features of this invention will be
described in relation to a residential home environment, it is
understood that they are generally applicable to many office and
industrial building applications as well.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Many products have been introduced over the last 25 years
for controlling electrical and electronic devices and appliances
within homes and buildings. It is well known to use a variety of
communications mediums to enable this control (power lines, phone
lines, and purpose built network connectivity such as cabled
Ethernet or wireless networks). More recently, it is known to
extend this control to connection via the Internet allowing a
further degree of remote control and communication. In addition,
surveillance capabilities have been added by using video cameras
that can transmit images to monitors in other parts of the
home/building as well as supplying these images to remote locations
via the Internet. Also, there is discussion that future home and
building appliances (washing machines, refrigerators, etc.) will
connect to the Internet such that they can communicate over the
Internet directly. Among other possible remote interactions, they
can communicate their condition and signal the need for service
before breakdowns occur, as well as enable diagnostics to be
performed remotely via the Internet.
[0004] The move toward home and building automation has not
necessarily been prioritized according to how the general public
accepts new things--especially in light of the fact that old habits
are hard to break regarding how one deals with power consuming
devices in homes and buildings. While most people may not be ready
to have their lights and appliances controlled automatically, there
are other motivations that may move them toward installing a
home/building monitoring and control system: [0005] Saving money
given increasing energy costs [0006] Security/Surveillance/Remote
Care [0007] The pervasive nature of home networking and Internet
connectivity [0008] Expansion of home entertainment capabilities
Interaction of Monitoring/Feedback with Automated and Manual
Control
[0009] The psychological element is extremely critical in the
adoption rate of any system involving monitoring and/or control.
Letting a computer control one's home/building appliances that in
the past were controlled manually, is a sensitive issue. A
monitoring and feedback system is much less disturbing or
threatening, but for users who wish to add some amount of automatic
control, there must be a carefully planned interaction between the
two. It is not uncommon for some lights in homes, and especially in
office buildings, to be controlled by circuits containing motion
detectors. Invariably, there are occurrences where the motion
detector causes the lights to be shut off at the wrong time. This
can easily get annoying since, as is commonly known, it takes a
multitude of positive interactions to overcome the emotional effect
of a single negative interaction.
[0010] Alternately, let's say that there exists a local PC
(Personal Computer) running software for home automation and
control, and a centrally controlled light switch that is programmed
to shut off at 1:00 AM regardless of switch position to ensure that
it is not left on all night accidentally.
[0011] Now, let's say the user has stayed up late and is in the
room with this switch. At the programmed time, the automatic
control system will shut off the power at the switch. (It may
signal the user some time prior to shutting off by flashing the
lights). To prevent the switch in question from causing the user
great aggravation, it must have the ability to override the auto
shutoff event. If the switch has a transmit capability such as that
described below for EMAC (Energy Monitoring And Control) points,
the user could, for instance, toggle the switch or push a mode
button after the flashing warning (or if the light has turned off
already), and that action would be transmitted back to the central
controlling PC to allow a revised scenario to occur. Even if the
override can be performed locally without interaction with the
central PC, it is useful to transmit back to the central PC that
the event has happened to aid in avoiding similar user aggravation
in the future. For instance, the central control system could
"learn" and, in this case, delay the auto shutoff of that
particular light switch until 1:00 AM or later, or switch to a
motion detector-controlled mode after 1:00.
[0012] The most common mechanism today for controlling lights is
based on motion detectors incorporated into the controlling switch
assembly or alternately incorporated into the light socket
assembly. These work fairly well in some circumstances--especially
in spaces where people seldom go such as attics and closets.
However, in primary living areas, they can often cause a negative
interaction with the user. For instance, the inventor installed a
light switch with motion detector at the entry to his living room.
Unfortunately, the detector's range does not cover the entire room,
thus occasionally leaving the inventor "in the dark". Were there a
multitude of motion detectors scattered around this same
room--communicating through a data communications link such that
the light control circuit was guided in a more informed manner (as
described later in this invention)--the inventor would be more
positively illuminated.
Interaction of Monitoring/Feedback with Audio/Video
Functionality
[0013] Although this invention deals primarily with energy use,
monitoring, feedback, and control, the overall system in a given
home or building may also deal with the distribution and control of
multi-media information including audio and video. Over time, the
communications link between the EMAC points of this invention and
the central controlling device (usually a PC or Residential
Gateway), will have more and more bandwidth capability, such that
this link also becomes the primary means for distributing digital
multimedia information throughout the home or building. Thus, there
will be a coexistence, if not a functional link, between the
elements of this invention focused on energy monitoring, feedback,
and control, and elements focused on audio/video integration and
control. This transmission of audio/video information can be for
communications, security, or entertainment purposes.
No Feedback on Energy Consumption
[0014] At the time of this writing, energy costs have risen
substantially and are likely to continue to do so. One of the
first, and most important problems consumers are faced with is
knowing exactly where, and how much power is being consumed in
specific areas/appliances in their homes and buildings. Today's
home and building automation systems are much more focused on
controlling than on providing energy usage feedback. Meanwhile, the
typical occupant may have little or no idea of where the energy is
actually being consumed.
Simplistic Control of Heating and Cooling Systems Based on Limited
Information
[0015] Today's typical control system for heating and cooling, the
traditional thermostat, does not take advantage of networked
connectivity and the information gathering that it affords, thereby
missing the opportunity to provide a much more comfortable and
energy efficient thermal environment. Even today's "programmable"
thermostat observes only the temperature at its own location. It is
therefore very common for rooms or offices not containing the
thermostat to be overheated or overcooled. Such rooms or offices
waste energy if they are not occupied, or make the occupants
uncomfortable if they are occupied.
Security Systems
[0016] The International Association of Chiefs of Police estimates
that between 95% and 98% of all home-alarm calls are false, costing
police departments nationwide about $600 million a year. If a
Security Company, or the Police, could remotely view the interior
of the home or building where the alarm has just been activated,
most of this money could be saved. Security companies offer video
surveillance, but the systems are complex and expensive and not
easily adapted to existing homes without extensive additional
wiring and adding provisions for mounting and powering the video
cameras.
Intruder Confrontation Avoidance
[0017] Hundreds of innocent people are killed every year because
they confronted an intruder in their home. The occupant may have
owned a gun--the intruder may have carried one--either way, the
result was the same. Hundreds more are killed accidentally by
friends and relatives because they are assumed to be intruders.
Most of these instances could have been avoided if the "Security
QuickView" technology described herein had been available that was
easy to use, given the occupant is probably in bed and only
half-awake.
[0018] Conventional security systems don't avoid confrontation.
When a conventional alarm is set off, the occupant needs to decide
whether the alarm is false or not. If false, they need to call
their security service provider to prevent police dispatch and
possible false alarm fees. The result is that they walk about the
house checking for an intruder. So much for safety.
[0019] Some security systems have integrated the security control
panel into a "smart home" control center, typically centrally
located in the home (usually in a hallway near a primary entrance
or in the kitchen), and sometimes including video surveillance
capability. Unfortunately, these systems don't help when the
occupant is awakened in the middle of the night.
[0020] Most confrontations happen at night. Either the alarm goes
off or the occupant is awakened by a noise. Either way, the
occupant is in their bed in the master bedroom and is groggy and
barely awake. Even the brightest persons don't think clearly at
moments like these. Absolute "push-button" simplicity is required
to enable a quick and accurate decision to be made. If there is a
suspected intruder, there should be a direct way to call 911 and
also confirm the intrusion with the security service provider. It
may be also desirable that an intercom is available to broadcast a
message to the intruder that the police have been informed and that
they should leave immediately.
SUMMARY
[0021] Overall, the home system described in this invention relates
to the energy distribution systems in a home or building. Much of
the uniqueness in this invention deals with the combining of
diverse functionalities that heretofore have not been combined in
similar ways. Although the digital communications networks or links
described in this invention are typically based on communication by
sending signals through existing electrical power wiring (hence the
term "powerline communications"), not all embodiments are
restricted to this form of communications. However, when powerline
communication is utilized herein, the result is a system that uses
electrical wiring for energy distribution, monitoring, and control
as well as security, audio/video communications and entertainment,
and general network communications such as file transfers and
Internet connectivity.
[0022] Energy consumption in most homes/buildings today is made up
of both electrical power and some form of oil/gas based power. Some
homes and buildings use electrical power only. This invention deals
with both, although many of the features described can be
optionally used in different combinations as desired by the
customer.
[0023] A primary aspect of this invention is to provide a form of
"biofeedback" for home and building energy consumption. By
providing easy to understand information to consumers, they can
adjust their usage of energy and still have normal control of their
power-consuming devices--over time transitioning to automated
control as they desire. Also, some specific capabilities of this
invention enhance the effectiveness of automated energy
controls.
[0024] Electrical energy is typically consumed by devices attached
to electrical junction boxes. These junction boxes are typically
proliferated throughout a home or building. As a result, they
become not only convenient locations to measure and display
electrical power consumption--they also provide a convenient means
to proliferate temperature sensors, motion detectors, and video
cameras. The same communications mechanism used for transmitting
power-related data is typically used for these additional
functionalities which aid in the enhancement of energy control
(both thermal and electrical) while enhancing security at the same
time.
[0025] This invention has the following primary goals regarding
energy feedback: [0026] 1) Provide "instant feedback" at the point
of usage. [0027] 2) Provide electrical energy usage profiling with
multi-dimensional graphics on a centrally located PC, or
Residential Gateway. Include both spatial usage and usage over
time. Transfer related information via the Internet as necessary
and desired. [0028] 3) Provide thermal profiling on a centrally
located PC, Residential Gateway, or Smart Thermostat. Use
multi-dimensional graphics as useful or appropriate. Include both
spatial profiling and profiling over time. [0029] 4) Provide more
intelligent and efficient thermal energy usage by combining a multi
dimensional thermal profile with an enhanced and more intelligent
(thermostat) control system for heating and cooling.
[0030] Another object of this invention is to allow easy retrofit
of all components into existing homes/buildings with minimal or no
modification to the home/building or special skills required on the
part of the installer. This goal is greatly facilitated by
attachment to and communications through existing electrical
junction boxes.
[0031] Another object of this invention is to provide integration
of the energy feedback and profiling mechanisms with various known
and/or new types of control mechanisms.
[0032] A home/building system according to this invention provides
a unique solution for energy profiling and feedback, while
including network connectivity, energy control, surveillance,
communications, and entertainment functionality as deemed
necessary, useful, or desired. This invention essentially creates a
"bio-feedback" mechanism for energy use, covering both electrical
and thermal energy, through a system architecture that enables a
more thorough and broad-based gathering of energy related
information. This information is used by the occupant to allow
manual control of power consumption in a more informed and
effective manner, and also to allow either partial or fully
automatic control of energy consumption to be more effectively
performed as well.
[0033] For the most part, this invention takes advantage of the
pervasiveness of electrical junction boxes, typically implementing
power plug outlets and the wall switches, within any home or
building. These become convenient locations for installing what are
called EMAC (Energy Monitoring And Control) points. As explained
later, an EMAC point will typically contain one or more forms of
energy sensor, often containing both electrical current sensors and
a temperature sensor. Since EMAC points typically reside at
locations having convenient access to electrical power, they are
normally powered directly by this available source, and also
typically contain a digital communications circuit that
communicates with the central computer, Residential Gateway, or
other data gathering and/or controlling device via power line
communications, although other forms of data communications--such
as wireless--can be used under the right circumstances. This
communication link then affords a basic backbone infrastructure for
network connections in general. EMAC points may also communicate
with other EMAC points as appropriate.
[0034] Thus, in an environment where network connectivity has not
yet been made readily available (typically referring to the home
environment), the installation of EMAC points creates a local
network infrastructure that can be built upon before adding other
capabilities in addition to normal computer connectivity. These
include facilities for enabling home surveillance, security, and
entertainment. Not all EMAC points contain a "control" capability.
In some cases it is not appropriate due to the type of energy
consuming device that is connected, either because it must be "on"
all the time, or because it is already controlled by some other
mechanism (for instance a thermostat and/or relay), or because the
level of power consumption is high enough to cause a control
capability to be too expensive or inappropriate.
[0035] Wall switches for controlling lights are also convenient and
effective locations for mounting video security cameras. There is
usually a wall switch at the entrance to a room and usually it has
a relatively commanding view. The easy proliferation of video
cameras throughout a home or building, by way of installation at
existing junction boxes, has considerable security benefit. In
particular, such a system could allow a Security Company or even
the Police to view inside and around the home or building in the
case of an ala in being set off, so that a "false alarm" condition
can be determined without having to visit the location.
[0036] A variation on the system enables the user to deal with an
intrusion into their home without having to personally confront the
intruder. Given the night-time nature of many intruder events, a
Display and Control console is disclosed that is suitable for
residing on a bedside table, typically in the Master Bedroom,
performing a remote viewing and control function. Video cameras are
placed around the house, commonly residing at junction box
locations as described above. Various locations within the
particular home are represented by buttons such that the user can
easily choose the location(s) to be viewed and can verify, among
other things, the presence of an intruder. Motion detection in
various rooms may be included (again, commonly installed at
junction boxes) which may alternately control which rooms are
viewed, and viewing can be enhanced by lights controlled from the
Display and Control unit, the power control circuits for these
lights actually residing at the junction boxes that power the
lights. Wireless or powerline communications are used between
junction boxes and the Display and Control console. User interface
features are included that are simple to operate when the user is
half-awake. Surveillance and control features may be combined with
common bedside appliance functions including a clock-radio, a
television, or a telephone.
[0037] Wall switches are also convenient locations for
incorporating intercom functionality. Wall mounted power plug
receptacles typically have a high degree of proliferation within
any room as a result of convention and also building codes. Power
plug receptacles are therefore especially useful for gathering
temperature information since their proliferation allows gathering
a thorough profile of the temperature distribution within any room.
Power plug receptacles are also very convenient locations to offer
network connection jacks where any computer or network compatible
device or appliance may be attached. They are also convenient
locations for adding motion detectors in order to provide a
proliferation of detectors in order to enable thorough coverage of
rooms not easily covered from a single vantage point.
[0038] EMAC points dealing specifically with electrical power
consumption may also be added to the electrical breaker box by:
[0039] 1) Retrofitting EMAC capability into an existing breaker
box. [0040] 2) Adding smart (EMAC enabled) breakers to an existing
box, or [0041] 3) Having a replacement breaker box that has EMAC
points added in series with conventional breakers.
[0042] To effectively provide the aforementioned "biofeedback
capability" for energy consumption, this invention offers two forms
of feedback--local/instant feedback at the point of use, and
general profiling over both time and space provided to the user by
software which typically runs on a central PC or Residential
Gateway. To assist in creating an overall multi dimensional model
for a home or building, capabilities are also described that enable
either automatic or semiautomatic identification of EMAC points and
their location within the home or building.
[0043] To allow a more effective, efficient, and intelligent
control of thermal energy utilization, the concept of collecting
temperature information in a highly distributed manner is also
utilized to enhance the capabilities of the traditional thermostat
transforming it into a "smart", network enabled thermostat.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0044] The present invention is described with respect to
particular exemplary embodiments thereof and reference is
accordingly made to the drawings in which:
[0045] FIG. 1 shows an overall system view including power
distribution, communications circuits and connectivity, central
controlling elements (local PC or Residential Gateway, smart
thermostat) and various forms of EMAC points;
[0046] FIG. 2 shows a typical wall switch assembly including an
EMAC point;
[0047] FIG. 3 shows a wall switch assembly including an EMAC point
with a variety of display formats for direct visual communication
of energy consumption;
[0048] FIG. 4 shows a wall switch assembly including an EMAC point
with an alternative display format for direct visual communication
of energy consumption and local temperature, including a data read
out and a suite of enunciators;
[0049] FIG. 5 shows a wall-mounted power-outlet assembly including
an EMAC point;
[0050] FIG. 6 shows a wall-mounted power-outlet assembly with
alternate functionality;
[0051] FIG. 7 shows an overall system view with emphasis on
connectivity through the Internet between the local system and
utility companies, security companies, and a data service company
supplying information to specifically support the configuration of
the particular local system;
[0052] FIG. 8 shows one form of connectivity for video surveillance
where video information is transferred from EMAC points to a
central location in the analog format, and are digitized and
compressed at that central location before being supplied to the
local PC;
[0053] FIG. 9 shows a network hub capability allowing EMAC points
having different data rate transmission capabilities to all talk to
the local PC;
[0054] FIG. 10 shows a smart breaker box where a form of EMAC point
is used in conjunction with conventional breakers to determine the
amount of electrical current being consumed by all devices that are
wired to a particular breaker;
[0055] FIG. 11 shows how an EMAC point can be retrofitted in a
standard, conventional breaker box, providing sensing of all
incoming and outgoing electrical current;
[0056] FIG. 12 shows how smart breakers incorporating EMAC points
can be retrofitted in a standard, conventional breaker box;
[0057] FIG. 13 shows how an EMAC point is used in conjunction with
a conventional light bulb socket of the type typically found in
attics and garages;
[0058] FIG. 14 shows how an assembly including an EMAC point is
incorporated into a multi-outlet power strip;
[0059] FIG. 15 shows how an assembly including an EMAC point can be
connected to flow meters monitoring natural gas or heating oil
consumption to allow communication of this information to a local
PC;
[0060] FIG. 16 shows a two dimensional layout drawing for a typical
home that has been fully instrumented with EMAC points at wall
switch and power plug locations as well as some dedicated locations
for directly wired devices;
[0061] FIG. 17 shows a two dimensional layout drawing for a typical
home including a detailed blow-up showing a possible visual
representation for an electrical energy utilization profile;
[0062] FIG. 18 shows a two dimensional layout drawing for a typical
home including a possible visual representation for a temperature
profile;
[0063] FIG. 19 shows a two dimensional layout drawing for an office
environment with distributed temperature sensors communicating
through network connections with smart thermostats;
[0064] FIG. 20 shows an EMAC-enabled wall-outlet having a closure
detection provision allowing the unit to determine when a nearby
window is open;
[0065] FIG. 21 shows an EMAC-enabled wall-outlet having a closure
detection provision allowing the unit to determine when a nearby
window is open, including wireless communication between the EMAC
point and the closure detection sensor;
[0066] FIG. 22 shows a portable or add-on EMAC wall outlet assembly
that can easily be plugged into an existing conventional wall
outlet and can also be easily moved to other locations within a
home or building;
[0067] FIG. 23 shows a portable EMAC identification unit that is
used in proximity to, or attached to, an EMAC point. When operating
in conjunction with appropriate position locating apparatus, this
device will assist the user in creating a two dimensional layout
map of a home or building while automatically identifying the
location of EMAC points;
[0068] FIG. 24 shows how a portable EMAC identification unit might
be used with multiple wireless transmitting beacons to determine
its position in a manner similar to that used in the GPS (Global
Positioning System) system;
[0069] FIG. 25 shows how audio information can be transmitted to an
EMAC point over the data connection and then be converted to
audible sound by circuitry which is powered by the same power line
that carried the data;
[0070] FIG. 26 shows how a full motion video panel display can be
incorporated into an EMAC point allowing a multi-media
intercom/teleconferencing capability as well as viewing of other
areas of the home for surveillance purposes, in addition to
displaying energy consumption and temperature data;
[0071] FIG. 27 shows how assemblies including EMAC points can be
serialized by use of a scanned, programmable wiring matrix
implemented on a PCB (Printed Circuit Board).
[0072] FIG. 28 shows an EMAC point that functions as an extension
to an electrical junction box, providing a re-creation of the
junction box interface, and including a video camera and motion
detector.
[0073] FIG. 29 shows a concealed pinhole video camera that is
incorporated into a conventional junction box face plate.
[0074] FIG. 30 shows security QuikView functionality incorporated
into a wall switch.
[0075] FIG. 31 shows security QuikView functionality incorporated
into a bedside display and control console.
[0076] FIG. 32 shows security QuikView functionality incorporated
into a bedside display and control console with split screen
capability.
[0077] FIG. 33 shows security QuikView functionality incorporated
into a bedside display and control console with a clock/radio
function added.
[0078] FIG. 34 shows security QuikView functionality incorporated
into a bedside display and control console with split screen
capability and a clock/radio function added.
[0079] FIG. 35 shows security QuikView functionality incorporated
into a bedside display and control console with a TV function
added.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0080] The diagram of FIG. 1 shows an architectural overview of how
the present invention might be implemented in a typical home or
building. The incoming AC power line passes through the Utility
Company meter 1 on its way to one more breaker boxes 2 before being
generally distributed throughout the home or building through
conventional power wiring 3. Throughout the home/building there are
user-accessible, electrical junction box power access locations
such as wall switch assembly 4 and power plug receptacle assembly
5. In addition, there are power-consuming devices 6 that are
directly connected by way of interface module 7. Some, most, or all
of these power connection locations can be implemented, within the
scope of this invention, incorporating Energy Monitoring And
Control (EMAC) points. Each EMAC point contains at a minimum an
energy sensing capability (electrical, thermal, or both) and a
digital communications circuit enabling communication with a
central intelligence such as a local PC 9 (personal computer) or
Residential Gateway residing in the same home/building. Note that
throughout this document, "local PC" is considered to be synonymous
with "central PC" and "Residential Gateway" in that they all
represent a form of centrally located intelligence that may perform
analysis, control, and communications functions. In today's
vernacular, a Residential Gateway is considered to be always in the
"ON" condition and provides a constantly available connection to
the Internet 24/7 (24 hours a day and 7 days a week). Depending on
the particular installation, a local PC can be "ON" for 24/7 and
also perform this function. Alternately, there may be an additional
device that specifically performs the Residential Gateway function
shown as local PC 9. Note that a "smart" thermostat can also be a
form of "centrally located intelligence" that communicates with
EMAC points.
[0081] Note that from the perspective of an EMAC point, a local PC,
a Residential Gateway, a Smart Thermostat, or a device located
somewhere on the Internet, as well as other EMAC points, are all
considered "remote devices". Also, much of the functionality
attributed to local PC 9 can also be performed by an intelligent
device located at a different physical location and connected via
the Internet by way of local PC 9 or some form of Residential
Gateway.
[0082] In addition to these basic capabilities, EMAC points can
incorporate a number of other additional functionalities, all of
which will be described herein. Also, although most figures
describing the capabilities of EMAC points show current sensing as
the means to measure electrical power consumption, it is understood
that to compute the true power consumption, the voltage must also
be known. If it is desired to measure power consumption in an
accurate manner that correlates with the Utility Company power
bill, then the voltage measurement used for computing power
consumption should be made as close (from an electrical resistivity
standpoint) to the Utility Company power meter as possible. Where
any EMAC capability is included at the primary breaker box
location, a voltage measurement on the input side would be a good
location.
[0083] Although not strictly limited to power lines, communication
between EMAC points will typically be carried out by signals sent
over power lines since this medium is obviously convenient at any
junction box power connection location. Where electrical devices
are directly wired (not plugged-in or switched), interface modules
7 may be inserted to allow the EMAC function to be performed. Other
possible locations to insert EMAC functions include light bulb
sockets, circuit breaker boxes, and circuit breakers themselves,
just to mention a few). Although power line communication is a
focal point of this invention, depending upon the evolution of data
communication technology for the home or building environment, it
may become suitable to utilize other forms such as Wireless
Communications in the future. It may also be that some forms of
information, such as video in its analog form, may be better suited
to a wireless transmission. Also, for systems implemented in office
buildings, it may be convenient to communicate by way of
pre-existing network connections such as Ethernet.
[0084] Another interface module 8 is used to connect between the
power lines and a local PC 9 to enable the communication function
to be performed. Other intelligent devices may also connect to this
power line-based networking capability. In addition to the smart
thermostat 10 shown in FIG. 1, this networking infrastructure
backbone for the home/building can also be used to implement
capabilities in the area of home surveillance, home entertainment,
or simply connecting computers so that they may exchange data or
connect to the Internet 11. Although throughout the description of
this invention, reference will often be made to communication
between EMAC points and a local PC 9, it is understood that with
the necessary functionality incorporated into an EMAC point, this
communication could instead transfer information directly between
an EMAC point and a website or other entity via the Internet. EMAC
points can also be capable of transferring information among
themselves, without having to communicate with any central form of
intelligence such as local PC 9, a Residential Gateway, or the
Internet 11.
EMAC Points
[0085] Energy monitoring, local feedback, data
transmission/reception and control, along with other functions
(such as video surveillance and/or motion detection, and
general-purpose network connections), can be included at a variety
of locations within the home/building. A few examples include
conventional electrical junction boxes where wall switches, power
plug receptacles, light bulb sockets, and other power consuming
and/or power-controlling devices may be installed. Other possible
locations for installing EMAC functionality include circuit breaker
boxes, or circuit breakers themselves.
[0086] FIG. 2 shows how a replacement light switch assembly 12
attached to an electrical junction box might be implemented to
include EMAC functionality. A current sensor 13 measures the power
to the load. These sensors can use any of a number of known
technologies including inductive or resistive (current shunt). An
optional control unit (if present) can optionally turn the power
on/off or dim (for lights) in response to a remote command, or can
effect various forms of local control for dimming (for lights).
Such control modes and others, as well as their
implementations--(often relying on SCR (Silicon Controlled
Rectifier) devices--are well known in the art. Also, various
interactions that may take place between a remote device (local PC
9, a smart thermostat, or some remote device communicating via the
Internet 11) and a wall switch EMAC point will be discussed later.
The implementation of any EMAC point that includes a switch should
always include a means for sensing the switch position (open or
closed), regardless of whether or not current is flowing through
it. There may be circumstances where a control element in the EMAC
point has blocked electrical current from passing through the
switch, however it is necessary for the position of the switch to
be communicated back to local PC 9 or to some other networked
device.
[0087] Where a power control function is included in an EMAC point,
it is important that the EMAC point operate consistently and
predictably, even when the power to the home or building fluctuates
or goes off and on, or when a problem arises with a remote device
that may issue control commands to the particular EMAC point. A
"power-on-reset" circuit should be included to insure the EMAC
point never gets "confused" by power fluctuations. Also, when the
EMAC point is operating in a mode where its function is being
controlled by local PC 9 or some other remote device, the EMAC
point may, from time to time, poll the remote device to ensure that
the communications link (and the remote device) are still
functioning properly. If the remote device did not respond,
indicating a possible problem, the EMAC point should switch to its
default mode--for instance, if there is a light switch, the power
should be applied according to the position of the switch.
[0088] The multi-digit display 14 shown in FIG. 2, as well as the
displays shown in the many other figures included herein, may be
used for many different purposes. A few examples are listed below:
[0089] 1) Identify to the user the particular switch or outlet
assembly and the individual switches/outlets/devices within the
assembly [0090] 2) Display the current or power (KW/time) being
used by the load at a switch, outlet, device, or breaker. [0091] 3)
Display the cost per time of operating the load attached to a
switch, outlet, device, or breaker. [0092] 4) Display any
mode-related information in response to the optional mode
button(s), in response to voice commands, and/or in response to the
central PC. [0093] 5) Display the temperature recorded by the
temperature sensor. [0094] 6) Provide feedback for calibration of
the temperature sensor, the optional video camera, or the optional
motion detector.
[0095] FIG. 2 also shows an optional video camera 15 as well as
temperature sensor 16, motion detector 17 and intercom capability
18 comprising microphone 18a, and speaker 18b. Some implementations
may allow a single transducer to be used for both the microphone
and speaker. Circuit 13a shown in FIG. 2 includes a digital
communications circuit containing all functionality necessary for
data transmission and reception. Circuit 13a also contains the
power supply necessary to power any circuitry within the assembly
from the available AC power located within the particular junction
box, as well as any power control circuitry for an electrical load
connected to the assembly. In addition, 13a contains all display
driver functionality as well as any circuit functionality necessary
to interface with the optional video camera--including video
digitization and compression functionality. Various functionalities
for video digitization and compression are well known in the
art.
[0096] FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 both show possible implementations of this
local display. In the case of electrical energy consumption, the
purpose of these displays is to provide instant visual feedback to
the user on energy consumption at the point of use. When displaying
temperature, these displays are a guide to thermal energy
efficiency by showing the user instantly where certain areas of the
home/building have been made overly hot or overly cool beyond what
is desired or necessary thereby consuming excess and therefore
wasted energy.
[0097] These local displays may have any number of digits,
depending on the specific requirement. The multi-digit display need
not only be of the seven-segment variety as shown in enlarged view
14a. One or more of the digits could be alphanumeric (either with
additional segments, or a full matrix as indicated by 14b and 14c
[e.g. 5.times.7, 7.times.12, etc.]). Utilizing more than a simple
seven-segment capability may provide a more informative and
intuitive user interface. This may be especially useful in
displaying symbols like "$" or " " in the scenario described
below.
[0098] A key element of this invention is related to display
purpose number (3) listed above ("Display the cost per time of
operating the load attached to the switch, outlet, device, or
breaker."). The local PC 9 (or Internet 11 directly) can supply the
current cost per unit of energy (kW, Therm, etc.) for the
consumer's home/building which, in turn, is used to convert the
energy consumption level to a cost-per-time parameter, for instance
$/month. Energy cost parameters can be automatically accessed from
time to time over the Internet. (Energy cost parameters could also
be accessed directly over the Internet by an EMAC function, if this
EMAC function was designed to incorporate enough intelligence to
directly access the Internet.) The energy consumption value at the
point of use is then displayed on the switch panel thereby
providing instant feedback to the consumer. The conversion
calculation from "current consumption" to "cost per time" can be
performed in the local controller at the switch or at local PC 9.
FIG. 3 shows how another alternate form of the local display can be
implemented.
[0099] In addition to the forms of display shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,
it is also possible to utilize a generalized LCD matrix display
(discussed later with reference to FIG. 26) similar to those now
found in small wireless communication devices and/or hand-held
video games. Incorporation of an LCD matrix display would allow a
full motion video image to be shown, further enhancing the overall
system capability by allowing the user to view images being
recorded at cameras elsewhere in the home from any room having an
EMAC point with such an LCD matrix display. Since it is possible
according to this invention to also add surveillance cameras which
observe activity around the exteriors of the home, this capability
to add video-capable LCD displays to EMAC points is also useful to
enhance the security/surveillance capabilities of the overall
system.
[0100] Both FIGS. 2 and 3 show optional control buttons 118 that
can be used to determine the form of the information displayed,
and/or affect the operation of an EMAC function. An alternative to
using any control buttons on an EMAC point and a way of adding
additional functionality is to incorporate a voice recognition
technology into the system. This recognition function can be
performed by hardware and software contained within the EMAC point.
Alternately, it can be performed without adding additional hardware
cost to the EMAC point itself by utilizing the microphone, such as
that required to implement intercom 18 in FIG. 2. This microphone
will receive voice information that in turn can be digitized and
sent to local PC 9 for analysis. Voice recognition software is well
known and can be trained to respond well to the voices of the
home's primary occupants. This incorporation of voice recognition
software can be used for a variety of purposes in conjunction with
EMAC points including remote control of functionality at the
particular EMAC point receiving the voice command or alternately
controlling other EMAC points within the home. Control of any Home
Systems functionality by a user interfacing with a particular EMAC
point can alternately be accomplished by some form of remote
control receiver--either IR (Infrared) or wireless--that is
incorporated into an EMAC point.
[0101] The display incorporated into an EMAC point can also be used
for displaying the temperature or other parameters. Where more
parameters are to be displayed than there are digits or space
available, the display can alternately display different parameters
in multiplexed intervals. This is also the methodology shown in
FIG. 4 for displaying the power consumption for each of multiple
receptacles. Enunciator LEDs could be used or, if necessary, an
additional digit can be added to indicate the position of a
particular receptacle whose parameter is being displayed at the
moment. To indicate what type of information is being displayed
and/or what units of measurement are being displayed, other forms
of display means can be used. For instance, enlarged view 14d of
display 14 in FIG. 4 shows that multiple enunciator icons 19
representing parameters or identifying power consuming loads
(switches, outlets, etc.) can exist on the display. The appropriate
one(s) of these enunciator icons are then illuminated/highlighted
depending on what energy or temperature information is being
displayed at the moment. The display technology can be LED, LCD,
gas discharge, or any other available and appropriate technology.
Depending upon the display technology chosen, an additional display
driver chip may need to be incorporated into the EMAC function.
[0102] Also shown in FIG. 4, are a number of optional functions
including temperature sensor 16, video camera 15, and motion
detector 17. If motion detection is desired, it can be done through
a standard sensor (usually IR), or could alternately be performed
by image analysis performed on the video image either locally or
remotely. Each method has advantages and disadvantages.
[0103] The easy proliferation of video cameras throughout a home or
building, by way of installation at existing junction boxes, has
considerable security benefit. Since video camera 15 is connected
to local PC 9 through a communications link, it can be viewed
remotely via the Internet after the video information has been
digitized and compressed. The video camera can be statically
mounted and include a wide-angle lens and manually operated gimbal
capability. Optionally, the video camera could include a motorized
gimbal to allow remotely controlled movement (even via the
Internet). In many instances, it may be desirable to include On/Off
switch 15a to control video camera 15 such that the camera may be
turned off when privacy is desired. Information regarding the
position of this switch may also be made available through the
communications link to local PC 9 and/or a remote device on the
Internet.
[0104] Regardless of how the video camera is controlled, images
that have been transferred to the central PC can also be
automatically moved to an off-site web/domain server for storage.
Thus, if the surveillance camera detects and captures images of an
intruder or some important event, the images will be preserved even
if the PC in the home/building is damaged, destroyed or stolen. A
buffer of the video surveillance information storing video
information for some fixed period of time into the past, can be
stored at an off site location, via the Internet. In a mode where
the system is armed for intruder detection, or alternately tied
into a conventional security system for intruder detection, and an
intruder is detected, this historical buffer of the information can
be preserved to aid in the identification of the intruder and the
recreation of the event. Any video information moved offsite is
probably encrypted to ensure the privacy of the occupant.
[0105] The detection of a possible intruder can be performed by the
elements of this invention, by a separate conventional security
system, or both working together. Given the inconvenience and
expense of false alarms, the distributed video capability of this
invention, made easier to implement due to its installation and
communications through existing junction boxes, could allow a
Security Company or even the Police to view inside and around the
home or building in the case of an alarm being set off, so that a
"false alarm" condition can be determined without having to visit
the location. To make such a capability acceptable to the occupant,
especially in the case of a residence, it would be imperative that
there exist a privacy mechanism (in software) such that the local
PC or Residential Gateway does not allow any viewing by the Police
or Security Company unless an intruder detection alert is in
progress.
[0106] In general, transmission and storage of video information
can be based on motion information derived from the motion
detectors in each room. If no motion is occurring, storing a static
snapshot taken at regular intervals may be completely adequate.
When motion is detected, the video information from that area of
the home or building can be recorded completely and buffered. A
remote interface via the Internet coupling into this Home System
can show a plan of the home or building, wherein the user can see a
two dimensional map of where motion has been detected and also see
the most recent snapshots (in small "thumbnail" pictures) allowing
the user to click on a room or camera location and immediately see
the live action video from that location.
[0107] Depending on the available bandwidth of the connection in
the home/building between the video camera and local PC 9, it may
not be necessary to have full speed/live action video to serve a
useful purpose. Even a "jerky" picture or one with reduced
resolution may still constitute a very useful function if it is
available at a significantly lower price and if the low price
allows a much more prolific deployment throughout the
home/building. Also, regardless of the bandwidth available to
transfer digitized video images to local PC 9 or directly to the
Internet, the cost of the video camera may be significantly reduced
(with a corresponding reduction in image quality) by using a newly
available video sensor technology. Here, video sensor arrays can be
constructed on a standard CMOS semiconductor process and
potentially integrated onto the same chip with other functions
required to implement the various features of an EMAC function. It
may also be acceptable to use black & white video if it is
available at a much lower price than color.
[0108] An alternative mechanism for sending video information from
an EMAC point to local PC 9 and the Internet may include analog
video transmission from the EMAC point to a device, located near
local PC 9, which receives, digitizes and optionally compresses the
video as will be shown in FIG. 8.
[0109] FIG. 5 shows an EMAC configuration similar to FIG. 2 except
that it describes a power plug receptacle assembly, containing at
least one receptacle location 20, instead of a switch. FIG. 5 also
includes an optional video camera 15. Note that according to this
invention, any electrical junction box is a possible location for
installing a video camera, and that when installed, the camera can
be powered by the source of AC power available at the junction box,
and the video signal, after being digitized and compressed, may be
transmitted digitally by way of the available power connection to
local PC 9 or some other remote device.
[0110] FIG. 6 shows a power receptacle assembly similar to FIG. 5
except that optional network connection jack 21 is included. This
network connection jack can offer standard Ethernet compatibility.
If the type of data transmit/receive link used to transfer
information to/from the EMAC point and local PC 9 possesses a
bandwidth capability compatible with normal network data, it may be
convenient and useful to include this conventional network
connection jack as part of the power receptacle assembly. Power
receptacles are the most proliferated form of wired connection
points within any home or building.
[0111] Also shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are motion detectors 17. These
can be especially useful in filling in the "blind spots" that occur
if the only motion detector controlling a light is located in the
wall switch assembly. To avoid unwanted detection of pet movement,
the lenses for the motion detectors on power plug EMAC points can
be fashioned so as to look to higher elevations for motion. Since
power receptacles are so proliferated, using these locations for
installing EMAC points provides a very thorough picture of
temperature, motion, and even video, within the home or
building.
[0112] Also shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are circuits for controlling the
power available at receptacle 20 in response to commands received
from a remote communications link. In some implementations of such
a power controlling circuit, the maximum allowable power that may
be drawn through the receptacle may be artificially lowered by the
presence of the controlling circuit. It therefore may be
appropriate to provide a physical mechanism for overriding or
bypassing the power controlling circuit such that the maximum
allowable electrical current level for the plug receptacle is not
artificially lowered.
[0113] As an alternative to the wired Ethernet connection shown in
FIG. 6, a different connection methodology to allow devices or
appliances within a particular room to communicate with an EMAC
point for data communications would be the addition of a wireless
transceiver to the EMAC point. This can be done by having a small,
optional module that plugs into a connector on the EMAC point,
deriving power from, and communicating with the EMAC point, while
communicating in a wireless manner with other devices in the room.
An example of such a wireless technology is that currently referred
to as "Bluetooth". Many wireless technologies have a limited range
within which they can operate reliably, for instance 10 to 30
meters. The range of wireless technologies can vary considerably,
especially within a home environment, depending upon the number of
walls the signal must pass through and the structural content of
each particular wall. Within a particular room, however, wireless
technology can be very convenient, especially when interfacing with
a portable computer or entertainment equipment. An example of a
wireless communication module attached to an EMAC point is module
65 shown in FIG. 21.
[0114] FIG. 7 shows a possible overall connection scheme for a
home/building according to this invention where all EMAC points can
connect with local PC 9 that, in turn, communicates via the
Internet 11 where a central source of information will supply
energy cost rates and other utility-related information. The
central source of information could be a Utility Company 22 or a
third-party supplier such as Data Service Company 23. Information
may also be transferred to and from a Security Company 24 such that
any security related information such as surveillance video, motion
detector outputs, or window/door open detection indications may be
viewed at the Security Company.
[0115] The overall system of FIG. 7 includes wall switches 4,
receptacle plugs 5, directly wired loads 6, and breaker boxes 2
(both conventional and "Smart"--per FIGS. 10, 11, and 12). Included
in FIG. 7 is the potential for the Utility Companies to provide a
"Smart Meter" that would interface with the Internet 11 and could
potentially communicate with the system described in this
invention. Also, as shown in FIG. 11, a smart breaker box according
to this invention can measure the current entering the breaker box
and therefore is capable of checking the accuracy of the existing
Utility Company meter.
[0116] FIG. 8 illustrates the scenario where video information is
transferred from cameras contained at EMAC points to a central
location using an analog transmission format as opposed to digital.
Eventually the cost of converting video information from analog to
digital and performing video compression will be reduced to the
point that incorporating compression into each EMAC location will
be inexpensive. Also, over time, the cost of a high bandwidth
connection between EMAC locations will also be greatly reduced.
However initially, it may be more cost-effective to transmit
information as some form of analog signal to a central location
where these signals are converted to digital form and the video
compression and/or conversion technology is shared among the
different video sources. Such a mechanism for sharing the video
compression capability is shown as interface module 25 in FIG.
8.
[0117] The video compression function 26 shown in FIG. 8 may also
be performed in the local PC 9 if the PC's processing capability is
adequate. Also, as described earlier, the determination of which
video signal to digitize and compress at any given point in time
can be made at the local PC by examining the outputs of the motion
detectors at the EMAC points from which the video signals are being
sent.
[0118] FIG. 9 addresses the issue of how the data rate capabilities
of available EMAC points may increase over time, and how the
overall system will cope with this by offering a multi-data rate
communications consolidation capability located near the local PC
9. The capability of communicating between local PC 9 and various
EMAC points at different data rates is also important since
different types of EMAC points may require different data rate
capabilities even though they're all being purchased and installed
at the same time. For instance, an EMAC point that is controlling
and monitoring power consumption and temperature may require only a
very low data rate capability. EMAC points that will offer
networking connectivity capable of supporting a broadband Internet
connection today might require a one megabit per second capability.
To offer a normal 10 megabit Ethernet connection capability, EMAC
points would obviously need to communicate at 10 megabits per
second. To transfer digital video would also require a reasonably
fast data rate. The cost of an EMAC point is therefore
significantly affected by the data rate it must support, and
therefore the most cost-effective overall solution for the home
system may be to utilize EMAC points having a variety of data
rates. Hence an implementation strategy such as that shown in FIG.
9 containing a form of a network hub 27 and receive/transmit units
28, which may all have different data rates, may be the appropriate
solution to the problem.
[0119] A modular implementation for hub 27 can be constructed where
there exist slots designed to accept cards or modules representing
receive/transmit units 28, each of which may have a different data
transfer rate capability. Besides having a different transfer rate,
such modular receive/transmit units may still each conform to an
industry standard for powerline communications. For instance, one
might conform to the X10 standard, one to the CEBus standard, and
others conforming to newer standards such as those being studied by
the Home Plug Alliance organization, or any future standard. Such a
modular approach allows the user to mix and match capabilities as
required--producing the most cost-effective and conveniently
assembled home system. A modular hub assembly as just described
would have a host interface circuit that could support a variety of
output standards, such as standard Ethernet, USB, and/or any other,
and would interface with local PC 9 or a processor performing the
Residential Gateway function, or alternately a device located
somewhere on the Internet.
[0120] FIG. 10 shows a "Smart" breaker box where each breaker 29
has associated with it an EM (Energy Monitoring) point 30. EM
points located in breaker boxes typically contain the current
sensing, receive, transmit, and possibly display functions, but
typically do not perform a control function. Sensing temperature
would also not be an appropriate function within a breaker box
relative to providing useful ambient temperature readings, since
there is usually a natural build-up of heat within a breaker box.
However, a temperature sensor might be useful if the user wished to
know of the occurrence of an unusually high temperature build-up
within the breaker box itself.
[0121] Information supplied by these EM points can be correlated
with information sent from EMAC points located downstream of each
breaker to assist in providing a clear and complete picture of
where all electrical power is being consumed within the electrical
circuit being served by that particular breaker. For some
power-consuming devices that are directly wired, inserting an EMAC
point at the breaker location may be the easiest way to retrofit
the EMAC capability.
[0122] FIG. 11 shows an alternate form of a "smart" breaker box
where the current sensing, display and communications capabilities
commonly associated with the EMAC points of this invention, can be
retrofitted into a standard breaker box. The retrofit EM (Energy
Monitoring) control unit 31 supports the connection of multiple
current sensing units 32, including current sensor 33 which
measures current entering the breaker box from the incoming A/C
power line. Keyboard 34 on EM unit 31, if present, aids in the
identification of the particular breaker units in the box which is
necessary for proper processing of energy related data at the local
PC 9, but also useful to aid the user in understanding which
breaker relates to which area of their home. It is a well-known
fact that in most homes, the correlation between specific breakers
and the energy use locations that they supply is typically very
poorly documented.
[0123] FIG. 12 shows an additional way to provide a similar
capability of installing EM capability without having to retrofit
the entire breaker box in an existing home/building. Here, the
feedback/monitor point functions would be incorporated into the
circuit breakers 35 themselves which, in turn, would fit into an
existing, conventional breaker box. Obviously, breaker-related EM
points would concentrate on electrical current measurement as their
primary function. Integrating the EM function into the breaker
itself obviously would require a high degree of miniaturization,
especially if integral (and optional) display 36 is included.
[0124] It should be noted that in FIGS. 10, 11, and 12, all
relating to measurement of electrical current entering or leaving a
breaker box or other electrical distribution box, that the ability
to measure the incoming current with a reasonable degree of
accuracy will allow the user to correlate their power consumption
with that registered by their utility company's power meter, as
reflected in their power bill. Many utility company power meters
are extremely old and may not be consistent or properly calibrated,
thereby overcharging the user.
[0125] Also, relative to the breaker box solutions shown in FIGS.
10, 11, 12, a particular installation may be done such that all of
the loads "downstream" of a particular breaker do not include EMAC
points. In fact, for some breakers, no EMAC points may exist
downstream. In these circumstances, a useful method for identifying
the power consumed by connected devices is to establish an "energy
signature" for each device by turning on only one at a time, during
a set-up/calibration process, and recording the typical energy
usage for each device. This "signature" may also include any unique
characteristics of the waveform shape for the ramp-up of the
instantaneous electrical current consumption, or the effect on the
measured voltage waveform at the breaker box, when the device is
initially turned on. These "signatures" can later be used for
identifying the energy used by particular electrical energy
consuming devices when performing an overall profile according to
this invention.
[0126] FIG. 13 shows an EMAC point designed to work in conjunction
with an "old-fashioned" light bulb socket. These sockets are still
prevalent in attics and garages today. In addition to monitoring
the power their light bulbs use (they can easily be left on
accidentally for long periods of time), since they are located in
attics and garages, they can also provide an important thermal
feedback function. Attics and garages tend to act as heat
reservoirs that can be a source of energy in winter and a drain
(due to fan/air conditioning power consumption) in summer. Notice
that EMAC point 37 is somewhat remotely located from light bulb 38
to reduce any thermal contamination from the heat produced by the
bulb. Intercept adapter 39 is included to divert the power to EMAC
unit 37, which is separated from bulb 38 by thermal isolation
distance 40. Also, for the unit of FIG. 13 to monitor temperature
and transmit that information to the central computer, a power
control function may be an absolute necessity if the bulb is to
remain off when light is not required (especially important in the
attic) depending on whether the bulb socket is remotely switched or
not.
[0127] To demonstrate that other forms of power outlets can be
adapted to include EMAC points, FIG. 14 shows how a common power
strip 41 can include these capabilities. Another form of portable,
add-on EMAC point is discussed in FIG. 22 in more detail.
[0128] FIG. 15 shows how the concepts described previously can be
extended to other forms of energy monitoring/feedback with an
emphasis on oil and natural gas used to produce thermal energy.
Flow meters 42 and 43 are inserted into the line carrying the
gas/oil to the thermal energy-producing device. The output of each
flow meter is then connected to interface modules 44 and 45
respectively that act as EMAC points in a manner somewhat similar
to the examples shown in the previous figures. In a similar way,
point-of-use feedback is provided and data is transmitted to
central PC 9 for use in assembling the overall profile of energy
usage for the home/building.
[0129] Software operating on central PC 9, among other functions,
will be able to create a multi-dimensional map of energy usage as
well as prioritized listings of where different amounts of energy
are used. Some examples of this capability are described next.
[0130] FIG. 16 shows a two-dimensional plan layout for an example
home where locations for all power plugs 46, wall switches 47, and
dedicated energy using appliances 48 are identified accordingly.
This layout plan forms the basis for energy profiling diagrams that
can be presented to the user, thereby allowing easy identification
of energy usage anomalies or to better guide the user in
implementing more efficient energy usage.
[0131] FIG. 17 shows the overall layout for a home where electrical
energy usage has been annotated for each of the EMAC points
deployed. A blow up view 49 of one section of the home shows how
energy usage parameters 50 can be annotated to show the specific
energy consumption at any EMAC location. The sample numbers shown
for parameters 50 might be in instantaneous Watts, however
alternatively, these parameters could be shown as an average
consumption over a specific time period. Also, as has been
previously shown for the direct feedback energy consumption
displays incorporated into EMAC points, the energy consumption
parameters in FIG. 17 could display information indicating the cost
per time of the energy consumed, again either instantaneously or
over some specific time period. The display of FIG. 17 could easily
highlight each particular EMAC location designator in a different
color according to the level of energy being consumed. Since the
diagram of FIG. 17 is shown in black and white, the relative level
of energy consumption has been shown visually by the relative
thickness of the borders surrounding the plug or switch EMAC point
designator. For instance power plug 51 consuming 930 watts, the
largest amount consumed of any EMAC point within blowup 49, has the
widest border. EMAC point 52 having the next highest level of
energy consumption (700 watts) is shown with the second widest
border. In an actual software product implementing such a display
for the user, the highest energy consuming points might be
displayed in the brightest red color, while the lowest energy
consuming points might be displayed in darkest blue, with mid
ranges of consumption levels being displayed in intermediate shades
of color.
[0132] Information from temperature sensors 16 is displayed locally
at the particular EMAC point for direct visual feedback, but is
also sent to the local PC 9 for processing to allow the creation of
a temperature profile for the home/building. FIG. 18 shows a
similar layout plan to that of FIG. 17 except that the annotated
information reflects the local temperature at each EMAC location.
FIG. 18 displays the overall temperature profile in two dimensions
(for each level of a multi-level home/building) and can provide
feedback (including time-related information) that can help the
user reduce (thermal) energy costs by way of a number of useful
mechanisms: [0133] 1) Areas of the home/building that are being
heated or cooled unnecessarily will stand out and the user can take
the appropriate corrective action. For instance, overheated areas
53 indicate rooms that are much hotter than necessary, prompting
the user to take corrective action such as closing vents that are
unnecessarily open. This information can also drive a more
elaborate automation scheme where automated control of thermal
delivery mechanisms is used. Such delivery mechanisms are
exemplified by the electrically controlled wall/floor air flow
registers manufactured by EWC Controls of Englishtown, N.J. Other
forms of electrically controlled vents, ducts, and registers having
controllable, variable air flow are manufactured by a number of
other suppliers. [0134] 2) Software on the central PC that operates
on the thermal profile of the home/building can detect thermal
gradients and may be useful in pointing out areas of thermal
leakage such as poor weather seals on exterior doors and windows.
Notice that EMAC point 54 located near a door of the home displays
a temperature of 65 degrees even though the thermostat set at 72
degrees is just around the corner. This would tend to indicate that
the seal around the door is most probably inadequate and causing
significant energy leakage. The greater the number of temperature
sensing points that are placed around the home/building, and
especially within a particular room, the more accurate a gradient
profile will be able to be produced. To further display temperature
gradients in a form familiar to most users, additional software
could display extrapolated temperature gradient information in a
manner similar to that shown for temperature profiling on weather
maps. The more temperature sensors are located in a particular area
of the home or building, the more accurate these extrapolated
thermal gradient maps would be.
[0135] It should be noted that a profiling capability can also be
implemented on a Smart Thermostat that is network-connected. Even
if such a thermostat does not possess the display size and
resolution of a PC or Gateway, useful information can still be
provided. For instance, with only one EMAC point in each room or
zone in a house, the temperature in each room or zone can be
displayed. Also, rooms that are being overheated or overcooled can
be enunciated. In one embodiment, a Smart Thermostat could even
have a panel display and a miniature keyboard (possibly "QWERETY"
style) together enabling a more capable user interface, more
familiar identification of rooms and zones, and even a
multidimensional thermal profile display.
[0136] To make accurate use of the temperature sensor information,
it is important that any heat energy generated in the switch or
plug receptacles not affect the measurement. For this reason, the
temperature sensor will usually be located at the lowest point
within a switch or plug EMAC location. It may also be necessary to
make the faceplate larger to move the temperature sensor farther
from any source of potentially-interfering heat. A switch or plug
location is a natural heat generator simply due to the contact
resistance where the wiring is attached, the contact resistance of
a switch, or the resistance formed at the interface where a plug is
pushed into a receptacle socket. Additional heat can also be
generated if the EMAC location includes a controlling capability
where a semiconductor device is used to clip the A/C waveform--a
process having less than 100% efficiency and therefore generating
additional heat.
[0137] Other variations on a temperature sensor may be possible. In
particular, a sensor might be constructed where multiple IR
temperature sensing elements are used in conjunction with a prism
or alternately where each sensor is directional and is aligned in a
different direction, thereby gathering temperature information from
different areas of the room such that a spatial image of the
thermal gradients in the room can be established.
[0138] FIG. 19 shows what can be accomplished when the distributed
temperature data collection mechanism of EMAC points is utilized to
allow a more intelligent control of the temperature in multi-room
or multi-cubicle environments while still utilizing a single
thermostat (at the existing location) to control existing
heating/cooling units. FIG. 19 shows an office environment
containing both enclosed offices and an array of cubicles--however
the same principles embodied here can be employed in any home or
building environment employing EMAC points. Also, the capabilities
that will be described relative to FIG. 19 do not require all of
the previously described EMAC functionality to be present. In fact,
a system consisting of distributed temperature sensors with some
form of network interface capability, communicating with a smarter
thermostat also having network communication capability, will
suffice. Note that a "smarter" network connected thermostat such as
55 and 58 in FIG. 19, should contain a default mode wherein the
thermostat reverts to the mode of operation of a traditional
thermostat if its ability to collect distributed temperature
information is compromised, or if a switch on the thermostat is
thrown to force the thermostat into the "traditional" mode of
operation. Also, note that a similar functionality to that
described above for FIG. 19 can be achieved by having the
network-enabled temperature sensors communicate with any of a
number of intelligent controllers, including local PC 9, a
Residential Gateway, a dedicated intelligent thermal control
system, or even a remote device located elsewhere on the
Internet.
[0139] The problem being addressed in FIG. 19 is that where the
temperature observed at the thermostat location is not at all
indicative of the average temperature over the area being served.
For instance, thermostat 55 located in one office might control the
heating and cooling for the entire row of offices. Due to
variations in the ducting and vent structure, as well as the
temperature variation across the row of offices during the course
of a day as the position of the sun changes, it is not uncommon for
some offices to be painfully cold or warm relative to the office
possessing the thermostat. For instance, without the control
capability embodied in this invention, thermostat 55 may be set to
72 degrees, temperature sensor 56 might register 70 degrees, and
temperature sensor 57 might register 80 degrees. With network
connected temperature sensors installed in all offices, including
the offices containing sensors 56 and 57, the thermostat can
compute an average temperature over all of the offices and control
the heating/cooling system to reach an overall compromise of
temperatures as shown in FIG. 19, thereby eliminating the
excessively hot or cool locations that would previously have
occurred.
[0140] A similar capability can be implemented for an array of open
cubicles such as cubicle array 59 where the heating and cooling is
controlled by thermostat 58 possessing a network connection. It
should be noted that the distributed temperature collection
capability required to implement the functionality of FIG. 19 does
not require network connectivity over power lines as described in
most embodiments of this invention. A smart temperature sensor
connected to an Ethernet port would suffice to implement this
capability, and in most office and cubicle environments today,
Ethernet connections are plentiful. Also, the existing thermostat
location and connections can be utilized with the addition of a
network connection.
[0141] A variation on the capability shown in FIG. 19, and
applicable to any environment having the ability to collect
temperature information in a distributed manner, relates to a home
where multiple EMAC points have been installed around a room or
around multiple rooms. Here, a smart thermostat communicating with
these EMAC points can be programmed to achieve a desired
temperature at a specific location within each room during specific
time periods (essentially ignoring the temperature at the
thermostat itself). For instance, the system could seek to achieve
a temperature of 70.degree. in the Kitchen from 5:00 to 7:00 PM and
then seek a temperature of 70.degree. at the Living Room couch
location from 7:00 PM to 10:00 PM.
[0142] Of course, a more desirable overall thermal result could be
achieved for scenarios similar to those described for FIG. 19 if
the controlling device (smart thermostat, PC, or other form of
intelligent processor) is also able to control the amount of
airflow allowed through a multitude of distributed, electrically
controlled, variable airflow vents, ducts, or registers.
[0143] FIG. 20 shows how an EMAC point can offer a closure
detection capability that, when connected to a closure-sensing
switch 60 on a window 63, can determine whether the window is open
or closed. While this feature certainly has application in
performing a security function, a very common loss of energy in
many homes occurs when windows are inadvertently left open.
Therefore such a closure detection capability is valuable within an
energy management scheme as well. While FIG. 20 shows an additional
jack 61 on the EMAC wall outlet, the wire from the closure sensor
could connect directly with network jack 62 assuming the closure
sensor had an Ethernet connection capability.
[0144] FIG. 21 shows a window closure detection capability similar
to FIG. 20, except that a wireless closure sensor 64 communicates
with wireless communication module 65 located on the EMAC point.
This wireless communication module 65 could be a very simple low
bandwidth low-cost unit, given the simplicity of its task, and its
close proximity to the windows within the room it services. Even a
simple wireless communication module 65 could be designed to
communicate with multiple wireless closure sensors 64 within a
single room.
[0145] Alternately, wireless communication module 65 might have a
higher bandwidth capability, allowing more sophisticated local
communications within a room or zone. A more sophisticated wireless
communication module might be implemented with a technology such as
"Bluetooth", previously referred to as an alternative local
connection capability in the description relating to FIG. 6. Such a
more sophisticated wireless module could still communicate with
window closure detection modules 65, but could also communicate
with any wireless network-enabled device or appliance within the
room being served that was capable of communicating via the
"Bluetooth Standard". This wireless configuration can even support
communication with a wireless-enabled laptop/notebook computer that
can move about within a room or zone.
[0146] Other standards than Bluetooth can be supported in this way,
including the IEEE 802.11 standard commonly used today for local
wireless communications. As mentioned earlier, communicating
between EMAC points through power lines circumvents difficulties
encountered with wireless communication in many home environments
(including 802.11), where wireless signals often have great
difficulty traveling through multiple walls.
[0147] In the configuration described in the previous paragraph,
there would be multiple local wireless communication modules 65,
sometimes one to a room or one to a zone if the range of a single
module can successfully penetrate a wall or two. Each of these
local modules is now essentially a host in its own right. The home
or building environment now resembles a cellular phone system with
multiple hosts and zones, and requires a management scheme that may
be similar. A moveable wireless device might switch from
communicating with one particular module 65 to a different module
65 as its location changes. Alternately, a wireless client device
having a fixed location, like window closure detector 64, can be
programmed to communicate exclusively with a specific wireless
communication module 65.
[0148] FIG. 22 shows a form of portable/add-on EMAC point 67 that
can easily plug into an existing wall outlet plug receptacle
installed in electrical junction box 66. While this capability is
very similar to the power strip EMAC point shown in FIG. 14, it is
different in that it would replace the cover plate on the plug
receptacle at junction box 66 and after being plugged in, would
effectively become a new cover plate, but with considerably
enhanced capabilities. FIG. 22 also shows, in addition to
previously described temperature sensor 16 and motion detector 17,
a light intensity detector 68 that may be useful if, for instance,
this portable EMAC point is the only EMAC point installed in a
particular room. One of the benefits of having a portable, easily
added unit like that in FIG. 22, is that it allows the user to
purchase a limited number of EMAC points in order to start using
their capabilities, without making a more permanent installation by
replacing actual plug receptacles or wall switches. Therefore, it
may be useful to have a light detection capability such that a
profile of lighting usage can be established by software running on
central PC 9. Also notice that portable EMAC point 67 may contain
any number of plug receptacle locations 20 (six are shown here).
Having multiple outlets not only offers the user the convenience of
not having to use a multiple outlet extension cord or power strip
when more than two power consuming devices/appliances must be
plugged in, it also provides independent energy monitoring for each
of these receptacle locations thereby providing more precise
information on energy utilization. In addition, display 14 in FIG.
22 can display the total power consumption at the receptacle
location and even provide a warning if the maximum allowable power
level for a receptacle assembly is being exceeded. Alternately, an
audio emitting transducer within unit 67 could provide a similar
warning.
[0149] When a system according to this invention is installed in a
home or building whereby a multitude of EMAC points are distributed
throughout multiple rooms, it then becomes necessary to identify
the location of each EMAC point in order for software running on
local PC 9 to perform profiling of data relating to energy
consumption. The larger the quantity of EMAC points, the more
complex and time-consuming this task becomes. It therefore becomes
useful to have a mechanism to automate this process of identifying
specific EMAC point locations. Another related task is that of
drawing an electronic representation of the two-dimensional plan
layout for the home or building that is required for proper display
of the profiling information. For most existing homes, and even
some new homes, this electronic representation will either be
nonexistent or inconvenient to gain-access to. A method for
automatically creating an electronic plan layout and, at the same
time, identifying all EMAC points, would be both efficient and
useful.
[0150] Portable EMAC identification unit 70, shown in FIG. 23, can
be used to perform this capability. This particular unit relies on
a wireless antenna 71 constructed in such a manner that when
receiving signals from multiple transmission beacons, the position
of unit 70 can be accurately determined through triangulation.
Principles such as those used in the GPS (Global Positioning
System) may be utilized where the beacons and receiver all contain
synchronized clocks and signal travel times from different beacons
(similar in concept to GPS satellites) are compared--the position
being determined by triangulation. Different frequencies and signal
strengths would have to be used to enable the penetration of walls
of the home or building.
[0151] Alternately, a similar system can be constructed where unit
70 contains a transponder. The transponder echoes each signal
received back to the source beacon where the distance is determined
by phase shift information that is then communicated back to unit
70. EMAC identification unit 70 can identify EMAC locations by
plugging into a power plug 72, or simply by placing it adjacent to
a power consuming switch, or a device with dedicated wiring, and
indicating through integral keypad 73 or optional keyboard 74, the
device being located. As will be explained later in FIG. 27, each
EMAC point may have an integral serial number that can be used as
part of the identification process.
[0152] FIG. 24 shows an overall view of a home or building where
identification unit 70 receives signals from a plurality of
wireless transmission beacons 75. The exact placement of these
beacons may not be critical since, once a reference point has been
established for identification unit 70, only relative position
information is necessary to establish the locations of EMAC points,
as well as the dimensions and layout plan of the home or building.
If it is desirable to determine EMAC locations in three dimensions,
a third beacon located at a different elevation setting from the
initial two beacons 75 may be added. Accordingly, the antennae on
identification unit 70 would have to be enhanced to allow position
detection in three dimensions. More than three beacons may be
useful in some circumstances where signals have difficulty
penetrating the building structure in some places.
[0153] In fact, given proper frequencies along with the appropriate
circuitry and antenna system within the identification unit, it
would be possible to establish positions with a resolution of
distances to a fraction of an inch. In this case, the system
described in FIG. 24 is also capable of becoming a measurement
system. Such a measurement system could be developed and used
independent of any specific use relative to energy or thermal
information, being used solely as a semi-automatic way to obtain
precise dimensions of an existing home or building in order to
create an accurate drawing. The need to create an accurately
dimensioned drawing of an existing home or building occurs quite
frequently when modifications to an existing structure are being
planned.
[0154] FIG. 25 shows how audio information, in particular music,
can be transmitted via a digital communications circuit through
power lines, thereby enabling an audio output node unit 76
containing a Speaker 77 as well as interface circuit 78. Interface
circuit 78 would have the ability to receive and transmit
information as well as convert a digital audio stream to an
amplified signal capable of driving Speaker 77. Interface circuit
78 may also contain some form of remote control receiver 79 which
could be either infrared or wireless. With this remote control
capability included, interface circuit 78 may also contain a
transmit capability such that any control requests can be forwarded
to similar audio output nodes and/or to the source of the audio
information via the powerline network.
[0155] FIG. 26 shows how the integral display contained in many of
the EMAC points of this invention could be constructed as a general
purpose video panel display 80. Of course, video display 80 could
provide all of the energy-related information described for
variations of integral display 14 shown in earlier figures. In
addition, given a connection with sufficient bandwidth (either
digital or via analog video signal), display 80 can show a picture
captured by any video camera 15 within the home or building, or
alternately can display video information being transferred to the
home or building via the Internet. Essentially, this creates a
"video intercom" capability. When combined with audio intercom 18,
a multimedia intercom capability is created, which can be
controlled either by control buttons 118 located on the assembly,
or by voice recognition commands, or both. For instance, by
observing a video display in the master bedroom, a user could check
for activity in different rooms throughout the house. This
capability is further enhanced if the user can initiate a command
that controls lighting throughout the house, thereby illuminating
the rooms to be observed. Similarly, lights illuminating the
outside perimeter of the house can be controlled, and video cameras
mounted so as to observe these areas and supply information that
can be viewed on display 80. The form of control buttons 118 in
FIG. 26 can be expanded to include a lighted keypad to allow
command input regarding what room is to be observed and/or
illuminated. Such a keypad could have specific buttons/keys that
are marked with the names of the particular rooms that might be
observed.
[0156] Another use of display 80 is to enable interactive video
conferencing, not just within the home, but with someone located at
a remote location via the Internet. Although such video
conferencing is of course possible on any PC given an attached
camera, the unit shown in FIG. 26 allows a more spontaneous form of
conferencing. For instance, a parent, while at work, might observe
the activity of a child at home and spontaneously initiate a
conference via the assembly shown in FIG. 26 which is directly
accessible to the child in whatever room they happen to be.
[0157] As mentioned earlier, in order to properly identify EMAC
points within a home or building, some form of integral
serialization for each EMAC unit may be desired. This can be
accomplished in a number of manners, the simplest being to add a
form of programmable memory within one of the integrated circuits
contained within the EMAC unit. During the manufacturing process,
each EMAC unit would then be briefly connected to a programming
system that would install a unique serial number in each EMAC unit.
However, it may be overly expensive to include a memory chip, or
build any of the required semiconductor devices on a process
capable of supporting electrically programmable memory. If the cost
of this method is prohibitive, an alternative approach would be to
include some form of electrically scan-able matrix on a PCB
(Printed Circuit Board) within the unit, such as matrix 81 shown in
FIG. 27. This matrix is scanned by applying patterns to the wires
oriented along a first axis while observing the values that appear
on the wires oriented along the axis orthogonal to the first axis,
thereby scanning the matrix and determining which intersections are
connected and which are not. If the matrix is comprised of wiring
traces on the PCB, it would be normal to initially have the matrix
fully connected at each intersection, and then selectively delete
connections at certain intersections in order to affect the
programming pattern for the serial number. This deletion could be
performed by a number of methods including laser cutting, or use of
a burnable fuse structure at each matrix intersection, all of which
are techniques known in the art. An alternative to deleting
conductive material at a matrix intersection would be to have the
ability to selectively add conductive material at selected
intersections and to have all matrix intersections start out in an
electrically unconnected state.
[0158] EMAC points are also quite useful at the exterior of a home
or building as shown for a light mounted on exterior wall 84 of a
home or building in FIG. 28. Here, junction box extension unit 82
is added between exterior electrical junction box 83 and exterior
light 87. Extension unit 82 has both motion detector 85 and video
camera 86 attached and also includes a circuit for controlling
exterior light 87. Also included in extension unit 82 is a
communication circuit capable of sending digital information to and
from any remote device by way of the electrical power line
available at the junction box. Video information is digitized,
compressed, and sent over the powerline communication link. Also,
motion detection information, temperature information, and power
consumption information for light 87 can also be transmitted in a
similar manner. Exterior light 87 can also be controlled remotely
via the communications link.
[0159] Note that, in this specification, where a single video
camera is shown as part of an assembly, multiple video cameras can
also be included within the same assembly thereby covering a larger
overall viewing area. Also, multiple cameras within the same
assembly may also share some of the video compression circuitry and
other support circuitry that may also exist in the assembly.
[0160] Where it is desired to conceal the surveillance camera, a
pinhole camera like that shown in FIG. 29 may be used. Here, image
sensor 88 is mounted behind pinhole 89 in wall plug face plate 90,
using the normal location for the mounting screw to hide the
pinhole. Image sensor 88 is connected to camera support circuit
assembly 91. Assembly 91 may contain a number of camera support
functions including a camera circuit for interfacing with the image
sensor, an image compression circuit, circuits for transmit and
receive of image and command information, a power supply circuit,
and even a battery backup capability. The face plate may be secured
to junction box 92 by way of mounting studs 93.
[0161] Typically, security control panels are mounted centrally in
the home, usually near an entrance or sometimes in a central
location such as the kitchen. They typically require special
mounting and wiring. The Security "QuikView" panel shown in FIG. 30
is compact and is designed to mount at a standard junction box
location such as switchplate 94 as demonstrated in FIG. 30. Here,
video display 96 can show surveillance activity in other rooms in
the house. Lighted Buttons 95 can choose which room in the house
will have its camera image displayed. Also, upon pressing any of
these buttons, a control signal can be sent via powerline or
wireless communications to a light in the chosen room to turn on
that light to provide a better view or alternately frighten an
intruder. If the remote surveillance cameras distributed around the
home have infrared detection capability, an intruder may be
observed without additional lighting. In such cases, the remote
activation of conventional lights would mostly be used for
signaling the intruder to leave or alternately capturing a better
image of the intruder on a conventional image sensor which may also
be present in the camera. Thus it may be useful to incorporate
cameras that have image sensors for both visible and infra red
spectrums. Motion detection may be used as described previously in
this specification. The detection of motion in a particular room
may automatically cause the corresponding camera's image to be
displayed.
[0162] The QuikView Panel of FIG. 30 may be easily mounted in the
master bedroom by installing at any wall switch location. However,
most home intrusions happen in the night when the occupant is in
bed. Requiring the occupant to get out of bed, walk to the QuikView
panel and, while half-awake, operate the controls is not the
optimal scenario. A better solution is shown in FIG. 31 where the
QuikView Panel has been packaged in a display and control
(QuikView) console unit 98 suitable for use on a conventional
bedside table as shown in inset image 97. Console unit 98 includes
a flat panel display 99 which may, in some embodiments also be a
touchscreen display. Lighted buttons 100 may be included to choose
which room's camera is displayed and also to optionally control
lights in a particular room. The function of these buttons may also
be implemented in "soft" buttons where the name of the
corresponding room is annotated on the display or alternately the
entire button appears on the display and is activated by a
touchscreen capability. Motion indicators 101 may be included
separately or on the display. Direct access buttons 102 for
signaling the police and or the security company may be included as
shown. These provide easy access when the occupant is half-awake.
An intercom may be included and activated by button 103. The
intercom speaker and microphone 104 also allow the occupant to
communicate with the police (essentially a speakerphone
capability), without having to pickup and dial a phone, when a
phone line is connected to the console unit.
[0163] FIG. 32 shows an alternate approach based on the
configuration shown in FIG. 31 where the screen on flat panel
display 99 is split into 4 quadrants, each on showing the image for
a different room. Different numbers of split regions may be
used.
[0164] Typically, there is little room on most bedside tables, and
the space for a surveillance monitor may be an issue for the
occupant. Therefore, it is useful to combine the QuikView console
with other common bedside functions such as an alarm clock/radio,
and possibly also a phone and/or a TV. FIG. 33 shows a clock/radio
function included in the console. As shown, display 99 might show
only the clock function until a motion detector in another room is
activated. Then the display would change to include room images as
shown in FIG. 32, FIG. 34, or some variation. In FIG. 33,
microphone 106 is shown facing the occupant while speaker 107 has
been moved to the side where there is more space. Volume and tuning
controls 108 have been added for the radio and time set buttons 105
are added for the clock function. Radio tuning and clock operation
can also be accomplished through a remote control. FIG. 34 shows
the clock included in one of the four display quadrants with
surveillance images in the other three quadrants. Note that a phone
cradle could be molded into the top of the console and a telephone
(probably cordless) could be added to the console system to further
save space on the bedside table. When a telephone handset is
included, note that it may be desirable to delete intercom
microphone and speaker 104.
[0165] FIG. 35 carries the concept of a multi-function Security
QuikView console even further and adds a personal TV to the system.
Remote control 109 is used for most TV functions and mode control
buttons 110 have been added as an alternate means to select the
primary mode of the console. A headphone jack can also be provided
for listening to the radio or TV. Alternately, headphones could be
wireless.
[0166] Therefore, a concealed pinhole camera for video surveillance
has been described.
[0167] It should be understood that the particular embodiments
described above are only illustrative of the principles of the
present invention, and various modifications could be made by those
skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of
the invention. Thus, the scope of the present invention is limited
only by the claims that follow.
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