U.S. patent application number 13/511392 was filed with the patent office on 2012-11-29 for additive concentrate.
Invention is credited to Christopher Andrew Paddon, Wei Song, David John Wedlock, Carol Perkins Whitmire.
Application Number | 20120302480 13/511392 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42101346 |
Filed Date | 2012-11-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120302480 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Paddon; Christopher Andrew ;
et al. |
November 29, 2012 |
ADDITIVE CONCENTRATE
Abstract
The present invention provides an additive concentrate
comprising: - at least 90 wt. % of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base
oil, based on the total weight of the additive concentrate; - at
least 3.0 wt. % of a viscosity modifier, based on the total weight
of the additive concentrate; and - less than 5.0 wt. % of a
solvency booster, based on the total weight of the additive
concentrate.
Inventors: |
Paddon; Christopher Andrew;
(Pool Lane, GB) ; Song; Wei; (Houston, TX)
; Wedlock; David John; (Pool Lane, GB) ; Whitmire;
Carol Perkins; (Katy, TX) |
Family ID: |
42101346 |
Appl. No.: |
13/511392 |
Filed: |
November 23, 2010 |
PCT Filed: |
November 23, 2010 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP10/67995 |
371 Date: |
August 1, 2012 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/591 ;
508/110 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 169/04 20130101;
C10N 2020/02 20130101; C10N 2040/042 20200501; C10M 2205/173
20130101; C10N 2020/065 20200501; C10M 171/02 20130101; C10N
2030/02 20130101; C10M 2205/173 20130101; C10M 2205/02
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/591 ;
508/110 |
International
Class: |
C10M 119/02 20060101
C10M119/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 25, 2009 |
EP |
09177029.,7 |
Claims
1. An additive concentrate comprising: at least 90 wt. % of a
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, based on the total weight of the
additive concentrate; at least 3.0 wt. % of a viscosity modifier,
based on the total weight of the additive concentrate; and less
than 5.0 wt. % of a solvency booster, based on the total weight of
the additive concentrate.
2. The additive concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
additive concentrate comprises less than 10.0 wt. % of a
non-Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil based on the total weight of
the additive concentrate.
3. The additive concentrate according to claim 1 wherein the
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity at
100.degree. C. (according to ASTM D7042) of below 5.0
mm.sup.2/s.
4. The additive concentrate according to claim 1 wherein the
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a Viscosity Index (according
to ASTM D 2270) of at least 125.
5. The additive concentrate according to claim 1 wherein the
additive concentrate comprises from 5.0 to 10 wt. % of the
viscosity modifier, based on the total weight of the additive
concentrate.
6. The additive concentrate according to claim 1 wherein the
additive concentrate comprises less than 2.0 wt. %, based on the
total weight of the additive concentrate.
7. The additive concentrate according to claim 1 wherein the
solvency booster has an aniline point (according to ASTM D 611) of
less than 100.degree. C.
8. The additive concentrate according to claim 1 wherein the
solvency booster is an alkylated aromatic component.
9. The additive concentrate according to claim 8, wherein the
alkylated aromatic component is selected from alkylated benzenes,
alkylated anthracenes, alkylated phenanthrenes, alkylated
biphenyls, and alkylated naphthalenes, and mixtures thereof.
10. The additive concentrate according to claim 1 wherein the
additive concentrate when normalized at a concentration of
viscosity modifier of 1.0 wt. % has a dynamic viscosity at
-30.degree. C. (according to ASTM D 5293) of below 3000 cP and a
kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. (according to ASTM D 7042) of
at least 5.5 cSt.
11. The additive concentrate according to claim 1 further
comprising 5 to 500 ppm of an anti-oxidant.
12. A lubricant composition comprising a base oil, one or more
additives other than a viscosity modifier and the additive
concentrate according to claim 1.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to an additive concentrate
comprising a base oil and a viscosity modifier, for the
incorporation into a lubricant composition.
[0002] Lubricant compositions, in particular for automotive
crankcase or transmissions, are employed to reduce wear at
metal-to-metal contact between moving parts, as well as to remove
heat. In many applications, the lubricant compositions require the
presence of polymeric viscosity modifier additives to obtain the
desired viscometric properties over a broad range of shear and/or
temperatures. These additives are usually highly viscous liquids or
solids at room temperature. In order to be able to achieve
homogenous distribution, avoid handling of solids and to be able to
administer the amounts of additives added into lubricant
compositions and thus ensure consistent product quality, these
additives are usually added as an additive concentrate.
[0003] Example 6 of US 2005/0133407 discloses a 0W-20 engine oil
(i.e. a fully formulated lubricating composition, not an additive
concentrate) containing 86.30 wt. % of a Fischer-Tropsch derived
base oil, 0.3 wt. % of a pour point depressant and 13.4 wt. % of a
PCMO DI additive package. As is clear from paragraph [0147] of US
2005/0133407, the 0W-20 formulation of Example 6 does not contain a
viscosity index improver.
[0004] Example 3 of WO 02/064710 discloses a 0W30 engine oil (i.e.
a fully formulated lubricating composition, not an additive
concentrate), containing 76.4 wt. % of a Fischer-Tropsch derived
product, 14.6 wt. % of a detergent inhibitor additive package, 0.25
wt. % of a corrosion inhibitor and 10.56 wt. % of a viscosity
modifier.
[0005] Example 2 of EP 1 688 476 Al discloses a lubricating
composition (i.e. not an additive concentrate) containing 18 wt. %
of an additive package (see Example 1 of EP 1 688 476 A1) blended
with (90%.times.82 wt. % =) 73.8 wt. % of a Fischer-Tropsch derived
base oil and (10%.times.82 wt. %=) 8.2 wt. % of Emery 2925 (a
triesterified polyol ester derived from C.sub.8-C.sub.10 acids)
available from Cognis Corporation. As can be learned from Table II
of US 2007/0093396, Emery 2925 has an aniline point (according to
ASTM D 611) of 0.degree. C. and is therefore seen as a solvency
booster as meant according to the present invention.
[0006] Example 7 of US 2009/0088352 discloses a lubricating
composition (i.e. not an additive concentrate) prepared to meet the
John Deere J20D specification, containing 86.81 wt. %
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, 8.10 wt. % of an additive
package, 4.94 wt. % of a viscosity modifier, 0.15 wt. % of a pour
point depressant and 0.07 wt. % of a foam inhibitor.
[0007] As acknowledged in WO 2009/074572, Fischer-Tropsch derived
base oils are usually not suitable as base oils to prepare additive
concentrates for additives such as polymeric viscosity modifiers
due to the low solvency of these Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
Therefore,
[0008] WO 2009/074572 suggests to include an alkylated aromatic
compound (e.g. "KR 008", commercially available from King
Industries) as a solvency booster in the additive concentrate.
According to WO 2009/074572, the solvency booster is preferably
present in an amount of from 25 wt. % to 75 wt. %, based on the
weight of the additive concentrate.
[0009] The present applicant has now surprisingly found that it is
possible to prepare additive concentrates containing a viscosity
modifier using Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils, which additive
concentrates are suitable for use in e.g. transmission oils and
engine oils and other lubricants (including industrial lubricants
such as hydraulic oils) for which a viscosity modifier is desired,
but without the need of significant amounts of solvency boosters,
or even without the need of solvency boosters at all.
[0010] To this end the present invention provides an additive
concentrate comprising: [0011] at least 90 wt. % of a
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, based on the total weight of the
additive concentrate; [0012] at least 3.0 wt. % of a viscosity
modifier, based on the total weight of the additive concentrate;
and [0013] less than 5.0 wt. % of a solvency booster, based on the
total weight of the additive concentrate.
[0014] Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are known in the art. In
the present context, the term "Fischer-Tropsch derived" means that
a material is, or derives from, a synthesis product of a
Fischer-Tropsch condensation process. The term "non-Fischer-Tropsch
derived" may be interpreted accordingly. A Fischer-Tropsch derived
base oil will therefore be a hydrocarbon stream of which a
substantial portion, except for added hydrogen, is derived directly
or indirectly from a Fischer-Tropsch condensation process. A
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL
(Gas-To-Liquids) base oil. The term "base oil" may refer to a
mixture containing more than one base oil.
[0015] For further information on the Fischer-Tropsch derived base
oil and the preparation thereof reference is made to the
above-mentioned WO 2009/074572, the teaching of which is hereby
incorporated by specific reference.
[0016] Typically, the aromatics content of a Fischer-Tropsch
derived base oil, suitably determined by ASTM D 4629, will
typically be below 1 wt. %, preferably below 0.5 wt. % and more
preferably below 0.1 wt. %. Suitably, the base oil has a total
paraffin content of at least 80 wt. %, preferably at least 85, more
preferably at least 90, yet more preferably at least 95 and most
preferably at least 99 wt. %. It suitably has a saturates content
(as measured by IP-368) of greater than 98 wt. %. Preferably the
saturates content of the base oil is greater than 99 wt. %, more
preferably greater than 99.5 wt. %. It further preferably has a
maximum n-paraffin content of 0.5 wt. %. The base oil preferably
also has a content of naphthenic compounds of from 0 to less than
20 wt. %, more preferably of from 0.5 to 10 wt. %.
[0017] Typically, the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a
kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. (as measured by ASTM D 7042)
of from 1 to 25 mm.sup.2/s (cSt), preferably above 2.5 more
preferably above 3.0 mm.sup.2/s. Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch
derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of
below 5.0 mm.sup.2/s, preferably below 4.5 mm.sup.2/s, more
preferably below 4.2 mm.sup.2/s.
[0018] Further, the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil typically has
a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. (as measured by ASTM D 7042)
of from 10 to 100 mm.sup.2/s (cSt), preferably from 15 to 50
mm.sup.2/s.
[0019] Also, the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil preferably has a
pour point (as measured according to ASTM D 5950) of below
-30.degree. C., more preferably below -40.degree. C., and most
preferably below -45.degree. C.
[0020] The flash point (as measured by ASTM D92) of the
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is preferably greater than
120.degree. C., more preferably even greater than 140.degree.
C.
[0021] The Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil preferably has a
viscosity index (according to ASTM D 2270) in the range of from 100
to 200. Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a
viscosity index of at least 125, preferably 130. Also it is
preferred that the viscosity index is below 180, preferably below
150.
[0022] In the event the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil contains a
blend of two or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils, the above
values apply to the blend of the two or more Fischer-Tropsch
derived base oils.
[0023] In addition to the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, the
additive concentrate may comprise one or more non-Fischer-Tropsch
derived base oils, such as mineral derived base oils and so-called
synthetic base oils (such as PAOs) including Group I-V base oils
according to the definitions of American Petroleum Institute (API).
These API categories are defined in API Publication 1509, 15th
Edition, Appendix E, July 2009.
[0024] Preferably the additive concentrate according to the present
invention comprises at least 80 wt. % of the Fischer-Tropsch
derived base oil, preferably at least 90 wt. %, based on the total
weight of the additive concentrate. Also it is preferred that the
additive concentrate comprises less than 10.0 wt. % of a
non-FT-derived base oil, preferably less than 5.0 wt. %, more
preferably less than 2.0 wt. %, even more preferably less than 1.0
wt. %, based on the total weight of the additive concentrate. Most
preferably the additive concentrate comprises no
non-Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils at all.
[0025] There are no particular limitations regarding the viscosity
modifier as used in the additive concentrate according to the
present invention. As a person skilled in the art is familiar with
the term "viscosity modifier", this is not further discussed in
detail.
[0026] Viscosity modifiers (also known as VI improvers, viscosity
index improvers or viscosity improvers) provide lubricants with
high- and low-temperature operability; these additives impart
acceptable viscosity at low temperatures and are preferably shear
stable. Typically, and as meant according to the present invention,
a viscosity modifier improves (e.g. by at least 5 units) the
viscosity index (e.g. as determined by ASTM D 2270) by its
incorporation in the additive concentrate (and/or a fully
formulated lubricant composition in which the viscosity modifier is
incorporated).
[0027] According to the present invention, the additive concentrate
comprises at least 3.0 wt. % of a viscosity modifier, based on the
total weight of the additive concentrate. Preferably, the additive
concentrate comprises at least 5.0 wt. % such as from 5.0 to 10.0
wt. %, preferably from 6.0 to 10.0 wt. % of the viscosity modifier,
based on the total weight of the additive concentrate.
[0028] Non-limiting Examples of viscosity modifiers are linear or
star-shaped olefin copolymers, polyisobutylenes, polymethacrylates,
polymers of a diene such as isoprene or butadiene, or a copolymer
of such a diene with optionally substituted styrene. These
copolymers are preferably hydrogenated to such an extent as to
saturate most of the olefinic unsaturation. A number of other types
of viscosity modifier are known in the art, and many of these are
described in Proceedings of Conference "Viscosity and flow
properties of multigrade engine oils", Esslingen, Germany, December
1977. It is also known in the art that viscosity modifiers can be
functionalised to incorporate dispersancy (e.g. dispersant
viscosity index improvers based on block copolymers, or
polymethacrylates) and/or antioxidant functionality as well as
viscosity modification and they can also have pour point
depressants mixed in to give handleable products in cold
climates.
[0029] Preferably, the viscosity modifier is selected from the
group consisting of olefin copolymers, polyisoprene polymers and
diene-styrene copolymers. Olefin copolymers are commercially
available from Chevron Oronite Company LLC under the trade
designation "PARATONE.RTM." (such as "PARATONE.RTM. 8921" and
"PARATONE.RTM. 8941"); from Afton Chemical Corporation under the
trade designation "HiTEC.RTM." (such as "HiTEC.RTM. 5850B"; and
from The Lubrizol Corporation under the trade designation
"Lubrizol.RTM. 7067C". Polyisoprene polymers are commercially
available from Infineum International Limited, e.g. under the trade
designation "SV200"; diene-styrene copolymers are commercially
available from Infineum International Limited, e.g. under the trade
designation "SV 260".
[0030] The additive concentrate according to the present invention
comprises less than 5.0 wt. % of a solvency booster, based on the
total weight of the additive concentrate. Preferably, the additive
concentrate comprises less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.0
wt. %, more preferably less than 0.5 wt. %, of the solvency
booster, based on the total weight of the additive concentrate. It
is even more preferred that the additive concentrate contains no
solvency booster at all.
[0031] There are no particular limitations regarding the solvency
booster as meant according to the present invention. As a person
skilled in the art is familiar with the term "solvency booster",
this is not further discussed in detail. Typically, and as meant
according to the present invention, a solvency booster is a
compound having an aniline point (according to ASTM D 611) of less
than 100.degree. C.
[0032] Preferably, the solvency booster is an alkylated aromatic
compound. Alkylated aromatic compounds include alkylated benzenes,
alkylated anthracenes, alkylated phenanthrenes, alkylated
biphenyls, and alkylated naphthalenes or any mixtures thereof. For
further description of the alkylated naphthalenes, reference is
made to WO 2009/074572.
[0033] The additive concentrate may further contain a pour point
depressant to improve pumpability. If present, the pour point
depressant preferably is present in a range of from 0.5 to 3 wt. %,
more preferably from 1 to 2 wt. %, and most preferably from 1.1. to
1.4 wt. %.
[0034] The additive concentrate preferably has--when normalized at
a concentration of viscosity modifier of 1.0 wt. %--a dynamic
viscosity at -30.degree. C. (according to ASTM D 5293) of below
3000 cP and a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. (according to
ASTM D 7042) of at least 5.5 cSt. Preferably the dynamic viscosity
at -30.degree. C. is below 2000 cP, more preferably below 1500 cP.
Additive concentrates containing different amounts of viscosity
modifier can be normalized to a concentration of 1.0 wt. % by
diluting the concentrate with the appropriate amount of the same
base oil (or base oil blend) used to make the additive
concentrate.
[0035] Further it is preferred that the additive concentrate
comprises from 5 to 500 ppm of an anti-oxidant, preferably selected
from a phenolic and an aminic anti-oxidant, or a mixture
thereof.
[0036] In a further aspect the present invention provides a
lubricant composition comprising a base oil, one or more additives
other than a viscosity modifier and the additive concentrate
according to the present invention.
[0037] There are no particular limitations regarding the base oil
as used in the lubricant composition according to the present
invention. This base oil may be a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil,
a non-Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil or a mixture thereof.
[0038] The one or more additives other than a viscosity modifier
may be selected from a broad range of additives such as
anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents,
over-based detergents, extreme pressure additives, friction
modifiers, pour point depressants, metal passivators, corrosion
inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, seal compatibility
agents and additive diluent base oils, etc. As the person skilled
in the art is familiar with the above and other additives, these
are not further discussed here in detail. Specific examples of such
additives are described in for example Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
Chemical Technology, third edition, volume 14, pages 477-526.
[0039] The present invention is described below with reference to
the following Examples, which are not intended to limit the scope
of the present invention in any way.
EXAMPLES
Additive Concentrates
[0040] Various additive concentrates were formulated. Table 1
indicates the properties for the base oils used in the additive
concentrates. Tables 2-5 indicate the composition and properties of
the formulated additive concentrates that were tested; the amounts
of the components are given in wt. %, based on the total weight of
the additive concentrate. Table 6 exemplifies the storage stability
properties of an additive concentrate according to the present
invention. Further, Table 7 exemplifies a fully formulated
lubricating compositions (i.c. a SAE 5W-30 engine oil), comprising
the additive concentrate according to the present invention.
[0041] The viscosities and Viscosity Index as measured for the
additive concentrates were all measured at a normalized Viscosity
Modifier concentration of 1.0 wt. % by dilution with the same base
oil used to blend the additive concentrate (as the neat
concentrates were too thick and therefore outside the testing range
of the indicated test methods).
[0042] All tested additive concentrates contained a combination of
a base oil and a viscosity modifier, and optionally an
anti-oxidant.
[0043] "Base oil 1" was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil ("GTL
4") having a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. (ASTM D 7042) of
approx. 4 cSt (mm.sup.2/s). This GTL 4 base oil may be conveniently
manufactured by the process described in e.g. WO-A-02/070631, the
teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
[0044] "Base oil 2" was a commercially available Group I base oil
having a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. (ASTM D 7042) of
approx. 4 cSt. Base oil 2 is commercially available from ExxonMobil
Corporation under the trade designation "Americas SN 115".
[0045] "Base oil 3" was a commercially available Group II base oil
having a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. (ASTM D 7042) of
approx. 4.7 cSt. Base oil 3 is commercially available from Motiva
Enterprises LLC under the trade designation "Star 5+".
[0046] "Base oil 4" was a commercially available Group II base oil
having a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. (ASTM D 7042) of
approx. 6.5 cSt. Base oil 4 is commercially available from Motiva
Enterprises LLC under the trade designation "Star 6".
[0047] "VM1" was a commercially available olefin copolymer
viscosity modifier available from Chevron Oronite Company LLC
(Richmond, Calif., USA) under the trade designation "PARATONE.RTM.
8921".
[0048] "VM2" was a commercially available olefin copolymer
viscosity modifier available from Afton Chemical Corporation
(Richmond, Va., USA) under the trade designation "HiTEC.RTM.
5850B".
[0049] "VM3" was a commercially available olefin copolymer
viscosity modifier available from The Lubrizol Corporation
(Wickliffe, Ohio, USA) under the trade designation "Lubrizol.RTM.
7067C".
[0050] "VM4" was a commercially available polyisoprene polymer
viscosity modifier available from Infineum International Limited
(Linden, N.J., USA) under the trade designation "SV 200".
[0051] "VM5" was a commercially available diene-styrene copolymer
viscosity modifier available from Infineum International Limited
under the trade designation "SV 260".
[0052] "Anti-oxidant" was a commercially available aminic
anti-oxidant available from Ciba Corporation (Houston, Tex., USA)
under the trade designation "Ciba.RTM. IRGANOX.RTM. L57".
[0053] The compositions of Example 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-8
were obtained by mixing the base oils with the viscosity modifier
using a Silverson high shear mixer and following (conventional)
blending procedures recommended by the suppliers of the Viscosity
Modifiers.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Base oil 1 Base oil 2 Dynamic viscosity at
-25.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] 520 1645 Dynamic viscosity at -30.degree.
C..sup.1 [cP] 850 3155 Dynamic viscosity at -35.degree. C..sup.1
[cP] 1390 6600 Kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt]
16.94 21.30 Kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt] 3.93
4.20 Viscosity Index.sup.3 130 99 Aniline point.sup.4 [.degree. C.]
120 97 Pour point.sup.5 [.degree. C.] -30 -18 Noack
volatility.sup.6 [wt. %] 11.7 26.6 Saturates.sup.7 [wt. %] 99.9
80.0 .sup.1According to ASTM D 5293 .sup.2According to ASTM D 7042
.sup.3According to ASTM D 2270 .sup.4According to ASTM D 611
.sup.5According to ASTM D 5950 .sup.6According to ASTM D 5800B
.sup.7According to IP 368 (modified)
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Additive concentrates containing VM1
Component Example Example Comp. Comp. [wt. %] 1 2 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Base
oil 1 90.91 90.87 -- -- [GTL 4] Base oil 2 -- -- 90.91 90.87 [Group
I] VM1 9.09 9.09 9.09 9.09 Antioxidant -- 0.04 -- 0.04 TOTAL 100
100 100 100 Properties of the additive concentrate (at normalized
VM concentration of 1.0 wt. %) Dynamic 750 760 2220 2290 viscosity
at -25.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] Dynamic 1180 1200 4170 4260 viscosity
at -30.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] Dynamic 1920 1940 8460 8550 viscosity
at -35.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] Kinematic 37.30 37.85 53.43 55.35
viscosity at 40.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt Kinematic 7.83 7.94 9.48 9.75
viscosity at 100.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt] VI.sup.3 188 189 163 163
.sup.1According to ASTM D 5293. NB 1 cP (centi Poise) = 1 mPa s
.sup.2According to ASTM D 7042 .sup.3According to ASTM D 2270
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Additive concentrates containing VM2
Component Example Example Comp. Comp. [wt. %] 3 4 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Base
oil 1 92.59 92.55 -- -- [GTL 4] Base oil 2 -- -- 92.59 92.55 [Group
I] VM2 7.41 7.40 7.41 7.40 Antioxidant -- 0.05 -- 0.05 TOTAL 100
100 100 100 Properties of the additive concentrate (at normalized
VM concentration of 1.0 wt. %) Dynamic 840 830 2400 2390 viscosity
at -25.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] Dynamic 1280 1270 4420 4370 viscosity
at -30.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] Dynamic 2040 2000 8960 8750 viscosity
at -35.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] Kinematic 45.12 44.64 63.30 62.14
viscosity at 40.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt Kinematic 9.22 9.15 10.90
10.78 viscosity at 100.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt] VI.sup.3 193 193 165
166 .sup.1According to ASTM D 5293 .sup.2According to ASTM D 7042
.sup.3According to ASTM D 2270
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Additive concentrates containing VM3
Component Example Example Comp. Comp. [wt. %] 5* 6* Ex. 5 Ex. 6
Base oil 1 88.50 88.46 -- -- [GTL 4] Base oil 2 -- -- 88.50 88.46
[Group I] VM3 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 Antioxidant -- 0.04 -- 0.04
TOTAL 100 100 100 100 Properties of the additive concentrate (at
normalized VM concentration of 1.0 wt. %) Dynamic 760 750 2210 2170
viscosity at -25.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] Dynamic 1200 1190 4160 4070
viscosity at -30.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] Dynamic 1950 1920 8480 8230
viscosity at -35.degree. C..sup.1 [cP] Kinematic 32.30 32.09 43.62
43.29 viscosity at 40.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt Kinematic 6.89 6.84
7.90 7.82 viscosity at 100.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt] VI.sup.3 191 180
154 152 .sup.1According to ASTM D 5293 .sup.2According to ASTM D
7042 .sup.3According to ASTM D 2270 *Not according to the present
invention
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Additive concentrates containing VM4 or VM5
Component Example Example Comp. Comp. [wt. %] 7* 8* Ex. 7 Ex. 8
Base oil 1 87.68 90.87 -- -- [GTL 4] Base oil 2 -- -- 87.68 90.87
[Group I] VM4 12.27 -- 12.27 -- VM5 -- 9.09 -- 9.09 Antioxidant
0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 TOTAL 100 100 100 100 Properties of the
additive concentrate (at normalized VM concentration of 1.0 wt. %)
Dynamic 660 660 1940 2010 viscosity at -25.degree. C..sup.1 [cP]
Dynamic 1030 1050 3640 3830 viscosity at -30.degree. C..sup.1 [cP]
Dynamic 1660 1710 7360 8000 viscosity at -35.degree. C..sup.1 [cP]
Kinematic 31.95 37.84 44.02 53.51 viscosity at 40.degree. C..sup.2
[cSt Kinematic 6.92 8.02 8.07 9.55 viscosity at 100.degree.
C..sup.2 [cSt] VI.sup.3 186 192 158 164 .sup.1According to ASTM D
5293 .sup.2According to ASTM D 7042 .sup.3According to ASTM D 2270
*Not according to the present invention
Storage Stability
[0054] In order to demonstrate the storage stability properties of
the additive concentrates according to the present invention,
separate samples of the additive concentrate of Example 1 were
stored for 30 days at temperatures of 70.degree. C., ambient
(20.degree. C.), 0.degree. C. and -20.degree. C., respectively. The
measured viscosities after 30 days of storage are indicated in
Table 6 below. Similar good stability properties were obtained for
the additive concentrates of Examples 2-8.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Storage stability of additive concentrate of
Example 1 When prepared After 30 days After 30 days After 30 days
After 30 days (see Table 2) storage at 70.degree. C. storage at
20.degree. C. storage at 0.degree. C. storage at -20.degree. C.
Properties of the additive concentrate (at normalized VM
concentration of 1.0 wt. %) Kinematic 37.30 33.25 37.15 37.08 36.85
viscosity at 40.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt Kinematic 7.83 7.06 7.80 7.78
7.75 viscosity at 100.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt] VI.sup.3 188 182 187
187 187 .sup.1According to ASTM D 5293 .sup.2According to ASTM D
7042 .sup.3According to ASTM D 2270
SAE 5W30 Engine Oils
[0055] Whilst using the additive concentrates of Example 2 and 4
above and a conventional additive package, two SAE 5W-30 engine oil
formulations (Examples 9 and 10) were prepared meeting the
so-called SAE J300 Specifications (as revised in January 2009). SAE
stands for Society of Automotive Engineers.
[0056] The amounts of the components and the properties of the
5W-30 engine oil are indicated in Table 7 below.
[0057] The additive package contained a pour point depressant and
other typical additives for use in a SAE 5W-30 engine oil.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 SAE 5W-30 engine oils Component 5W-30
Example Example [wt. %] specification 9 10 Base oil 3 -- 75.9 76.8
Base oil 4 -- 5.6 5.4 Additive package -- 10.5 10.4 Additive
concentrate -- 8.0 -- of Example 2 Additive concentrate -- -- 7.4
of Example 4 TOTAL -- 100 100 Properties of the 5W-30 engine oil
Dynamic viscosity <6600 5500 5370 at -30.degree. C..sup.1 [cP]
Kinematic viscosity -- 58.73 57.32 at 40.degree. C..sup.2 [cSt
Kinematic viscosity 9.3 to 12.5 10.09 9.95 at 100.degree. C..sup.2
[cSt] VI.sup.3 -- 160 161 MRV.sup.4 at -35.degree. C. [cP]
<60000 21100 19900 HTHS.sup.5 at 150.degree. C. [cP] >2.9
2.976 2.955 .sup.1According to ASTM D 5293 .sup.2According to ASTM
D 7042 .sup.3According to ASTM D 2270 .sup.4According to ASTM D
4684 .sup.5According to ASTM D 4683
Discussion
[0058] As can be learned from Tables 2-5, the present invention now
surprisingly provides the possibility to prepare additive
concentrates containing a viscosity modifier using Fischer-Tropsch
derived base oils, but without significant amounts of solvency
boosters or even without the use of solvency boosters at all. Also,
it can be seen that the additive concentrates according to the
present invention show, when compared with conventional additive
concentrates using mineral derived Group I (i.e.
non-Fischer-Tropsch derived) base oils, significantly better low
temperature properties, which is highly desirable for formulating
multi-grade lubricants.
[0059] Furthermore, as exemplified by Table 6, the additive
concentrates according to the present invention have excellent
storage stability at various temperatures for extended periods of
time.
[0060] The additive concentrates according to the present invention
are suitable for use in a wide range of lubricants, such as in e.g.
engine oils and transmission fluids and other lubricants for which
a viscosity modifier is desired. As shown in Table 7, SAE 5W-30
formulations can be formulated when using the additive concentrates
according to the present invention.
* * * * *