U.S. patent application number 13/478566 was filed with the patent office on 2012-09-13 for image display that moves physical objects and causes tactile sensation.
This patent application is currently assigned to KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V.. Invention is credited to Nicolas DE JONG, Elmo Marcus Attila DIEDERIKS, SR., Murray Fulton GILLIES, Jurgen Jean Louis HOPPENBROUWERS, Johannes Henricus Maria KORST, Thomas Casper KRAAN, Rogier WINTERS.
Application Number | 20120229405 13/478566 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36565424 |
Filed Date | 2012-09-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120229405 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DE JONG; Nicolas ; et
al. |
September 13, 2012 |
IMAGE DISPLAY THAT MOVES PHYSICAL OBJECTS AND CAUSES TACTILE
SENSATION
Abstract
An image display including a touch-sensitive display, that
creates tactile sensation and movement of an object (3-2) along its
surface is provided. Actuators including conductive rods (4-111,
4-112) attached together may be used, such that each rod of the
actuator (4-11) may increase or decrease in size when current is
applied to that rod to cause the actuator to bend toward a
specified direction. Also, an image display that includes ball
bearings (1-10) whose rotation is controlled by driving magnets
(1-21, 1-22) to cause an object to move is provided. Further, air
holes (3-11) tilted in various directions to control object
movement by air pressure may be provided. Moreover, rods (3-10) may
be moved up or down as activated by driving magnets (2-20). The
actuators, rods, ball bearing assemblies, or holes may provide
touch sensitivity for the image display.
Inventors: |
DE JONG; Nicolas;
(VELDHOVEN, NL) ; DIEDERIKS, SR.; Elmo Marcus Attila;
(EINDHOVEN, NL) ; GILLIES; Murray Fulton;
(EINDHOVEN, NL) ; HOPPENBROUWERS; Jurgen Jean Louis;
('S HERTOGENBOSCH, NL) ; KORST; Johannes Henricus
Maria; (EINDHOVEN, NL) ; KRAAN; Thomas Casper;
(EINDHOVEN, NL) ; WINTERS; Rogier; (WEERT,
NL) |
Assignee: |
KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS
N.V.
Eindhoven
NL
|
Family ID: |
36565424 |
Appl. No.: |
13/478566 |
Filed: |
May 23, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11719996 |
Mar 7, 2008 |
8207945 |
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PCT/IB2005/053990 |
Nov 30, 2005 |
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13478566 |
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60632133 |
Dec 1, 2004 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
345/173 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F 3/016 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
345/173 |
International
Class: |
G06F 3/041 20060101
G06F003/041 |
Claims
1-17. (canceled)
18. An image display configured to cause a haptic sensation at a
surface of the image display, said image display comprising: a
pixel array having a first plurality of pixels, said first
plurality of pixels when selectively activation in response to a
display signal forming a display image corresponding to the display
signal; and an actuator matrix including a second plurality of
actuators interspersed between the first plurality of pixels in
said pixel array wherein each of said actuators in said second
plurality of actuators comprises a rod assembly (2-1) including a
rod and a set of driving magnets (2-20) for driving said rod, said
set of driving magnets being for a first activation by a first
movement signal received and to be activated for a second
activation by a second movement signal received, wherein the rod
(2-10) of said rod assembly is arranged to move to an extended
position with respect to the surface (2-50) of the image display
responsive to the first activation, and to move to a retracted
position with respect to the surface of the image display
responsive to the second activation, and wherein the haptic
sensation is caused at the surface of the image display by the rod
in the extended position.
19. The image display as claimed in claim 18, wherein at most one
actuator is provided between pixels.
20. The image display as claimed in claim 18, wherein the actuator
matrix provides touch sensitivity for the image display.
Description
[0001] This invention relates to the field of image displays, and
to displays that that can move or control physical objects at a
surface of the display and that provide tactile sensation and
feedback.
[0002] There are certain situations where it is required that
physical objects at or near the surface of an image display be
moved. Typically, such movement would be required within the bounds
of the surface of the display.
[0003] Further, high precision moving forces may be useful as
feedback for a user in a touch-sensitive image display, such as a
computer-game control, and can be position related. Thus, the user
could "feel" the grains in the wood of the displayed plank
displayed on the image display.
[0004] Devices are known that provide tactile feedback to a user.
For example, Franzen, U.S. Patent Application No. 2003/0179190,
discloses a touch sensitive display that provides tactile feedback
based on pins that move and down, the pins covered by a contact
medium. However, the cited reference does not have the ability to
move objects in a direction along the surface of the display and
cannot give a finger that touches it the sensation of movement and
texture.
[0005] Provided are a method, system, device, and apparatus that
embodies or carries out the functions of image display system
provided.
[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention,
provided is an image display including a set of actuators, each
actuator including conductive rods attached together, such that
each rod of the actuator may increase or decrease in size when
current is applied to that rod to cause the actuator to bend toward
a specified direction according to a received movement signal.
Further, an object at a surface of the image display may be moved
in the specified direction.
[0007] The rods may be made of piezo-electric ceramics or
conductive polymers or a combination of these or other
materials.
[0008] The actuator may be arranged between pixels of the image
display. Such an image display may provide a haptic sensation or a
motion of an object at the surface of the image display.
[0009] Moreover, the actuator may be made of three rods arranged
such that responsive to application of a current to the rods, the
actuator bends toward one of four or more specifiable
directions.
[0010] The image display may be a touch sensitive display. The
actuators may provide the touch sensitivity for the image
display.
[0011] Also, an image display that can move an object near a
surface of the image display is described. The image display
includes a ball bearing assembly including a ball bearings that is
arranged such that a rotation direction of the ball bearing may be
controlled by magnets, to cause an object at a surface of the image
display to be moved in a specified direction by the movement of the
ball bearing along a rotation direction of the ball bearing.
[0012] The ball bearing may be arranged between pixels of the image
display. The image display may be a touch sensitive image display.
The ball bearings may provide the touch sensitivity for the image
display.
[0013] Further, an image display that provides a motion of an
object at the surface of said image display is provided. There is a
hole layer that includes air holes. The air hole is tilted at an
oblique angle with respect to the surface in one of four
directions, such that air blown through the air hole creates
directed air pressure at the surface in the direction toward which
the hole is tilted. The air hole may be selectively opened and
closed according to a movement signal received for moving an object
at a surface of the image display in the direction of the directed
air pressure.
[0014] Moreover, a control layer may be provided that has row
electrodes and column electrodes, and a foil arranged such that the
foil closes the hole responsive to an electric current passed
through a row of electrodes.
[0015] There may be sets of four such air holes, such that each
hole of the set may be located at a corner of an imaginary figure
resembling a rectangle with no intervening holes as viewed from the
surface, wherein each hole of the set of four holes is tilted in
one of the four directions.
[0016] Further, an air inlet channel between holes may be formed.
The holes may be arranged between pixels of the image display. The
image display may be a touch sensitive image display.
[0017] Also described is an image display configured to cause a
haptic sensation at a surface of the image display. Such an image
display includes a pixel-actuator matrix including rods and a set
of magnets arranged to be activated for a first activation by a
first movement signal received and to be activated for a second
activation by a second movement signal received. A rod may be
arranged to move to an extended position with respect to the
surface of the image display responsive to the first activation,
and to move to a retracted position with respect to the surface of
the image display responsive to the second activation, such that
the haptic sensation is caused at the surface by the rod in the
extended position. It may be formed such that at most one rod is
provided between pixels. The image display may be a touch sensitive
image display. The rods may provide the touch sensitivity for the
image display.
[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a ball bearing assembly of an
image display system according to a first embodiment of the present
invention.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rod assembly of an image
display system according to a second embodiment of the present
invention.
[0020] FIG. 3A is schematic view of an image display system
according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] FIG. 3B is a schematic view of air pressure directions from
air holes of an image display system according to the third
embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] FIG. 3C is a schematic view of an air intake channel of an
image display system according to the third embodiment of the
present invention.
[0023] FIG. 3D is a cross-section view of an air pressure control
system of an image display system according to the third embodiment
of the present invention.
[0024] FIG. 3E is a cross-section view of top layers of an image
display system according to the third embodiment of the present
invention.
[0025] FIG. 4A is a perspective view of an image display according
to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[0026] FIGS. 4B and 4C are schematic views of an actuator of an
image display according to the fourth embodiment of the present
invention.
[0027] The following discussion and the foregoing figures describe
embodiments of Applicant's invention as best understood presently
by the inventors however, it will be appreciated that numerous
modifications of the invention are possible and that the invention
may be embodied in other forms and practiced in other ways without
departing from the spirit of the invention. Further, features of
embodiments described may be omitted, combined selectively or as a
whole with other embodiments, or used to replace features of other
embodiments, or parts thereof, without departing from the spirit of
the invention. The figures and the detailed description are
therefore to be considered as an illustrative explanation of
aspects of the invention, but should not be construed to limit the
scope of the invention.
[0028] An apparatus according to this invention may compromise a
substantially flat display that is oriented vertically or
horizontally. The display has the added ability to dynamically
exert a force or a sensation on objects that are placed on the
display. This force can be used to move objects or create a
specific texture, which fingers that touch the display can
feel.
[0029] For example, a table may have a physically integrated image
display according to the present invention, or the image display
may be connected to the table or resting on the table. The image
display may also be designed as horizontal screen with legs and
further, may resemble a table or have function similar table, for
example, when the image display is inactive or on portions of the
surface without the image display. The image display may have the
functionality of a touch-screen that can display a game board, such
as a chessboard, upon which real chess pieces can be placed. The
touch-screen of the display would then be able to sense what pieces
are at what positions, by for example, if every piece had a
slightly different bottom profile, so that the imprint is slightly
different. The user can then have the experience of playing chess
against a computer opponent. To keep the experience complete, the
display may be able to move the chess pieces of the computer
opponent as well, as described below. It will be understood that
the present invention is also suitable for many other types of
games, including games that require the motion of pieces such as
those used in checkers, backgammon, scrabble, rumicubes, game
tiles, cards, or the like.
[0030] A second example is where the display gives the user
feedback when the screen is touched. For example, when pressing
displayed "buttons" on the screen or on a virtual keyboard or
keypad displayed on the screen. Such haptic feedback can also be
content related. For example, a displayed lake could actually
ripple when touched. Here the user's finger would be "moved;" the
user would feel a force or a raised surface when the user pressed
one or more finger on the display.
[0031] It will be understood that a touch-screen is not necessary
for all embodiments of the present invention. Further, the display
may be implemented as any kind of monitor, screen or display,
including, for example, a CRT, an LCD, an LED, a plasma, a rear
projection or front projection display or any other kind of flat or
other type of screen or display suitable for performing in
accordance with one or more embodiments of the present
invention.
EMBODIMENT 1
[0032] A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in a
cross-sectional view by FIG. 1. A ball bearing 1-10 of a bearing
ball assembly 1-1 is powered magnetically to rotate, and thereby
move in a two-dimensional direction 1-30 an object (shown in FIG.
3E as object 3-2) at or near a surface 1-50 of the image
display.
[0033] An activation of a driving magnet 1-21, 1-22 is controlled
by a control signal. According to an embodiment of the present
invention, a set of driving magnets 1-21, 1-22, et cetera may be
arranged. For example, FIG. 1 shows a set of three driving magnets,
including driving magnets 1-21, 1-22, however, two or more
additional driving magnets (not shown) could be provided "in front
of" and "behind" the ball bearing 1-10. In such an arrangement,
activation of two or more driving magnets would cause rotation of
the ball bearing 1-10 along either axes shown by the
two-dimensional direction 1-30, or along a vector that has
components in both axes. Such ball bearing assemblies could be made
small and arranged between pixels of the image display. According
to an aspect of the present embodiment, ball bearing assemblies
would not be included between every pair of adjacent pixels.
[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, ball
bearing 1-10 has smaller magnets 1-11 arranged near a periphery
thereof to improve control of the ball bearing 1-10. It will be
understood that the ball bearing 1-10 does not necessarily have to
be a solid body. Further, while a ball bearing 1-10 is described,
the present embodiment could also work with other types of
substantially spherical bodies instead of or in addition to ball
bearings. According to an aspect of the present embodiment, the
ball bearing 1-10 used would have to be relatively small to be able
to provide the maneuverability necessary to perform according to
the present invention.
[0035] Accordingly, when for example, an object such as a chess
piece requires movement, the control signal activated driving
magnet 1-21, 1-22, would rotate the ball bearing 1-10 in a
specified direction 1-30 along the surface 1-50 of the image
display, causing the motion of the object along with the rotation
of ball bearing 1-10 in the specified direction.
[0036] Further, it will be appreciated that longer motions of
objects at the surface could be achieved by serial activation of
ball bearings. For example, a time-delayed activation of adjacent
ball bearings rotating in a similar direction would cause the
object to experience continuous force, causing a longer movement.
Also, the amount of electricity applied to magnetize the driving
magnets 1-21, 1-22 could also be controlled, based on the type of
application (for example type of object to be moved: in chess for
example, there are smaller and larger pieces), and the desired
speed of the motion. Fine control over the timing of the activation
sequence of the ball bearings could then effect acceleration,
deceleration and speed control of the object near the surface.
[0037] More than one ball bearing 1-11 may be activated at any one
time and several ball bearings in any one area of the image display
could be used to move an object. Also, activation of ball bearings
in various sequences could cause movement of the object in
directions other than due east, due south, due west or due north.
Similarly, an object trajectory resembling a curve or other shape
could be achieved by a precise series of ball bearing 1-11
activations.
EMBODIMENT 2
[0038] A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in a
cross-sectional view by FIG. 2. A rod 2-10 can be made to move up
and down depending the activation of one or more driving coils 2-20
or the like to become magnetic. The driving coils 2-20, when
magnetized act on the rod 2-10 or a magnet 2-11 (or a set of
magnets) in the rod 2-10. It is to be understood that while
described as driving coils, many types of magnetic materials and
shapes may be used.
[0039] When higher driving coils are activated, the rod 2-10 moves
up to an extended position with respect to the surface 2-50 of the
image display. A space 2-31 may be provided underneath the rod 2-10
to allow for a retracted position of the rod 2-10.
[0040] Rod 2-10 may be placed between pixels (not shown) of the
image display. According to an aspect of the present embodiment,
such rods would be required between each pixel of the image display
to provide a fine tactile resolution, however this may not be
necessary for all implementations of the present invention.
EMBODIMENT 3
[0041] A third embodiment of the present invention is shown by
FIGS. 3A-3E. A view of the image display 3-1 with air holes is
shown by FIG. 3A. Small holes in the image display are situated
between the pixels (not shown). The holes are formed at a slight
angle or tilt, such that air that is blown out of one or more of
such tilted air holes 3-12, 3-13, causes the object 3-2 at, near or
on the surface to be blown in a specified direction of movement
3-32. The image display is viewed in FIG. 3A from above, if the
image display 3-1 is arranged horizontally, or from the front, if
the image display is arranged vertically.
[0042] Air may be blown in four directions based on the tilt
orientation of air hole 3-11 that is active in blowing air. At any
one time only a few of the holes may be opened, as controlled by a
motion signal, in order to control the motion of one or more
objects at the surface of the image display 3-1.
[0043] A front plate 3-71 of the image display is equipped with
holes that are formed at an angle (facing north, south, east and
west). For example, hole 3-11 of FIG. 3D is tilted toward the west,
from the point of view of the page that contains the figure. West
hole 3-12 of FIG. 3B also is tilted west and shows a direction of
air blown out through such a hole, while east hole 3-13 is tilted
east and shows a direction of air blown out through such a
hole.
[0044] A motion of an object 3-2 of FIG. 3E would be determined by
the tilt orientation of the holes that are active in blowing air.
More than one hole 3-11 may be activated at any one time and
several holes in any one area of the image display could be used to
move the object 3-2. Also, activation of holes of different tilt
orientations in the area of the object 3-2 could be made use of to
cause object 3-2 movement that is not due east, due south, due west
or due north. For example, activation of one or more holes with
north tilt orientation in the area south of the object 3-2
simultaneously with activation of one or more holes with west tilt
orientation in the area east of the object 3-2 could be used to
cause object 3-2 motions in a north-west direction. Similarly, an
object 3-2 trajectory resembling a curve or other shape could be
achieved by a precise series of hole 3-11 activations.
[0045] According to an aspect of the present embodiment, holes may
be arranged in sets of four, such that each hole of the set of four
holes is located at a corner of an imaginary rectangle figure.
Accordingly, each hole of the set of four holes could be tilted in
a different direction than the remaining holes of the set.
[0046] Further, it will be appreciated that longer motions of
object 3-2 could be achieved by serial activation of holes. For
example, a time-delayed activation of adjacent similarly tilted air
holes would cause the object 3-2 to experience continuous air
pressure from behind, causing a longer movement. Also, the amount
of air pressure applied through air hole 3-11 could also be
controlled, based on the type of application (for example type of
object to be moved: in chess for example, there are smaller and
larger pieces), and the desired speed of the motion. Fine control
over the timing of the activation sequence of the air holes could
then effect acceleration, deceleration and speed control of the
object.
[0047] According to an aspect of the invention, control of the
airflow through the air holes may be achieved by using a control
layer 3-59 including row-electrodes 3-51 arranged on the front
plate 3-71 and column-electrodes 3-52 arranged on the back-plate
3-72. It will be appreciated that this arrangement could be
reversed. A foil 3-53 is disposed between the front plate 3-71 and
the back plate 3-52. While described as a foil, it will be
appreciated that many types of conductive media could be used
instead of a foil, or in combination with a foil. The foil 3-53 may
be a conductive sheet, or a sheet electrode could be arranged on or
in the entire foil.
[0048] When the voltage-difference between row-electrode 3-51 and
the foil 3-53 is sufficiently high, the foil will be pulled towards
the front-plate along the row-electrode and thereby close the air
hole 3-11. When the voltage-difference between the column electrode
3-52 and the foil 3-53 is sufficiently high, the foil will be
pulled toward the back plate along the column electrode and thereby
open the hole. Thus, the holes can be selectively opened and closed
with passive matrix addressing.
[0049] According to an aspect of the present embodiment, as shown
by FIG. 3C, an inlet channel 3-5 or several inlet channels or holes
may be formed between the air holes to create a pressure in a space
3-60 between the front plate and the back plate that is higher than
the air pressure at or near the surface. By selectively opening air
holes the airflow can be used to move the object 3-2. It will be
understood that according to an aspect of the present embodiment,
control over the motion of object 3-2 along the surface is
consistent with the hovercraft-principle.
EMBODIMENT 4
[0050] A fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown by
FIGS. 4A-4C. In the fourth embodiment, a pixel-actuator matrix 4-19
includes actuators 4-10 made up of a set of rods, rods 4-111 and
4-112 or tubes that consist of material that can grow and shrink
depending on the voltage applied to them. As shown by FIG. 4B, the
left rod 4-111 and the right rod 4-112, are two rods attached
together, such that the right rod 4-112 is slightly larger because
of a small current placed on it.
[0051] According to an aspect of the present embodiment, a
dielectric film may be used to provide a degree of electric
insulation between the left rod 4-111 and the right rod 4-112, or
the left rod 4-111 and the right rod 4-112 may be made of different
materials to achieve different growth characteristics due to the
application of electric current. By varying the current applied to
each of the left rod 4-111 and the right rod 4-112, or by using
different materials for left rod 4-111 and the right rod 4-112, the
actuator 4-11 can flex in each direction in a 1-dimensional plane.
According to an aspect of the present embodiment, an actuator may
tilt only in one direction, in which case a set of differently
tilting actuators would be arranged in an adjacent fashion.
[0052] According to an aspect of the present embodiment, a third
rod is added to the actuator 4-11, so that two-dimensional movement
of the tip of the actuator 4-11 may be accomplished. Such
additional rods may further be added to achieve finer control over
the direction of the tilt of the actuator in two-dimensions, or
even in three-dimensions, because the degree to which the tip of
the actuator bends and its direction is controlled by the current
supplied to the rods. For example, three rods may be sufficient for
each actuator 4-10 to control movement in at least four directions.
A cross section view of actuator 4-11 is shows as 4-40 of FIG.
4C.
[0053] According to an aspect of the present embodiment, the rods
of the actuators 4-10 are formed of polymers. An image display
could be a polymer LED display. Further, piezo-electric ceramics
may be used for the actuators 4-10. Piezo-electric ceramics are
used in STM (Scanning Tunnel Microscope) devices for nanometer
precise movement. It will be understood that various combinations
of materials could be used for the rods of the actuators 4-10 and
that different materials could be used for different actuators 4-10
of the image display 4-1.
[0054] The activation of the actuators 4-10 may be controlled in a
manner similar to the passive matrix addressing described with
reference to the third embodiment. Column-electrodes and
row-electrodes may be deployed to control an individual actuator
4-11.
[0055] According to an aspect of the present embodiment, the
actuators 4-10 may be placed between pixels of the image display
4-1. Also, an actuator 4-11 may be arranged between every pixel
4-50, as shown in FIG. 4A. By movement of the actuators 4-10, a
motion of an object can be achieved in the direction of the tilt of
the actuators 4-10.
[0056] Further, it will be appreciated that longer motions of an
object along the surface of the image display 4-1 could be achieved
by serial activation of actuators 4-10. More than one actuator 4-11
may be activated at any one time and several actuators 4-10 in any
one area of the image display 4-1 could be used to move an object.
For example, a time-delayed activation of adjacent actuators toward
a similar tilt would cause the object to experience continuous
pushing from behind, causing a longer movement. Also, the amount of
current applied to actuators 4-10 could be controlled, based on the
type of application (for example type of object to be moved: in
chess for example, there are smaller and larger pieces), and the
desired speed of the motion. Fine control over the timing of the
activation sequence of the actuators 4-10 could then effect
acceleration, deceleration and speed control of the object.
Similarly, an object trajectory resembling a curve or other shape
could be achieved by a precise series of actuators 4-10
activations.
[0057] Also, a tactile sensation or tactile feedback may be
provided to the user's finger at selected portions of the image
display 4-1. According to an aspect of the present invention, using
fine movement control of an image display according to the present
invention, the user may feel little bumps of an image displayed,
when touched. This can also be used for Braille output. In such an
embodiment, blind people may use the image display for reading.
[0058] According to an aspect of the invention, the actuators 4-10
may also provide touch-sensitivity for the image display 4-1. For
instance, a user's finger touching at the surface of the image
display 4-1 would cause a movement of the actuators 4-10 which
would cause the flow of current to be affected, for example, by
causing current to flow. Such an arrangement of piezo-electronic
materials will be well known to those skilled in the art.
Accordingly, the actuators could provide an image display 4-10 with
both tactile sensation and touch sensing. Similarly with the other
embodiments of the present invention, touch sensitivity could be
provided. For example, a movement of a rod 2-10, or a movement of a
ball bearing 1-10, caused by the user's finger (thumb, hand, et
cetera) at the surface could sensed.
[0059] It will be appreciated that an image display according to
the present invention could be made using a combination of the
embodiments 1-4 described herein.
[0060] Embodiments of the present invention provided in the
foregoing written description are intended merely as illustrative
examples. It will be understood however, that the scope of the
invention is provided in the claims.
* * * * *