U.S. patent application number 13/399216 was filed with the patent office on 2012-08-23 for apparatus and method for controlling handover to prevent femtocell interference.
This patent application is currently assigned to KT Corporation. Invention is credited to Chang-Yong Ahn, Tae-Won Ban, Byoung-Jin Choi, Hee-Jun Lee, Kyeong-Soo Lee, Sung-Sang You.
Application Number | 20120214495 13/399216 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46653161 |
Filed Date | 2012-08-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120214495 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Choi; Byoung-Jin ; et
al. |
August 23, 2012 |
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING HANDOVER TO PREVENT FEMTOCELL
INTERFERENCE
Abstract
Provided are apparatus and method for controlling handover to
prevent femtocell interference. The apparatus may include an event
receiving module, a handover determining module, and an
inter-frequency processing module. The event receiving module may
be configured to receive a control message from user equipment. The
handover determining module may be configured to analyze the
received control message and determine whether the control message
includes a request of inter-cell handover from a first cell base
station of the first cell to a second cell base station of one of
the second cells. The inter-frequency processing module may be
configured to perform inter-frequency handover using an unshared
frequency when the handover determining module determines that the
control message includes the request of inter-cell handover.
Inventors: |
Choi; Byoung-Jin;
(Gyeonggi-do, KR) ; Ban; Tae-Won; (Gyeonggi-do,
KR) ; Ahn; Chang-Yong; (Gyeonggi-do, KR) ;
You; Sung-Sang; (Seoul, KR) ; Lee; Kyeong-Soo;
(Seoul, KR) ; Lee; Hee-Jun; (Seoul, KR) |
Assignee: |
KT Corporation
|
Family ID: |
46653161 |
Appl. No.: |
13/399216 |
Filed: |
February 17, 2012 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
455/444 ;
455/436 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W 36/0072 20130101;
H04W 84/045 20130101; H04W 88/08 20130101; H04W 36/0055
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
455/444 ;
455/436 |
International
Class: |
H04W 36/00 20090101
H04W036/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 17, 2011 |
KR |
10-2011-0014199 |
Claims
1. A method for controlling handover in a communication network
where a first cell is overlapped with a plurality of second cells,
the method comprising: receiving a request of inter-cell handover
from a first cell base station of the first cell to a second cell
base station of one of the second cells; and performing an
inter-frequency handover in response to the request of the
inter-cell handover.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein user equipment makes the request
of inter-cell handover when the user equipment in a traffic state
enters into the one of the second cells.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving a request of
inter-cell handover includes: determining whether the second cells
are femtocells, wherein, if the second cells are femtocells,
performing the inter-frequency handover.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: performing the
inter-cell handover from the first cell base station to the second
cell base station when the second cells are macrocells.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving a request of
inter-cell handover includes: determining whether a first frequency
used by the first cell base station is equivalent to a second
frequency assigned to the second cell base station, and, if so,
performing the inter-frequency handover.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: performing the
inter-cell handover from the first cell base station to the second
cell base station when the first frequency is different from the
second frequency.
7. The method of claim I, wherein the performing the
inter-frequency handover in response to the request of the
inter-cell handover includes: selecting an unshared frequency; and
performing the inter-frequency handover to the selected unshared
frequency, wherein the unshared frequency is a frequency unassigned
to the one of the second cells.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein, in the selecting an unshared
frequency: a frequency having load less than a given load level and
quality higher than a given quality level is selected from
frequencies assigned to the first cell and unassigned to the second
cells.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein, after performing the
inter-frequency handover, coupling user equipment to the first cell
base station using the selected unshared frequency.
10. A method for controlling handover in a communication network
where a macrocell is overlapped with a plurality of femtocells, the
method comprising: transmitting a measurement control message to
user equipment when the user equipment in a traffic state enters
from the macrocell to one of the femtocells; receiving a
measurement report message from the user equipment; determining
whether the measurement report message includes a request of
inter-cell handover from a macrocell base station of the macrocell
to a femtocell base station of the one of the femtocells; selecting
an unshared frequency from unshared frequencies assigned to a
macrocell base station of the macrocell and unassigned to a
femtocell base station of the one of the femtocells when the
measurement report message includes the request of inter-cell
handover from the macrocell to the one of the femtocells; and
performing inter-frequency handover based on the selected unshared
frequency in response to the request of the inter-cell
handover.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: performing the
inter-cell handover from the macrocell to another macrocell when
the measurement report message includes a request of inter-cell
handover from the macrocell to another macrocell.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: determining whether
a first frequency used by the macrocell base station is equivalent
to a second frequency assigned to the femtocell base station;
performing an inter-cell handover from the macrocell base station
to the femtocell base station when the first frequency is different
from the second frequency; and performing the inter-frequency
handover using the unshared frequency when the first frequency is
equivalent to the second frequency.
13. An apparatus for controlling handover in a communication
network where a first cell is overlapped with a plurality of second
cells, the apparatus comprising: an event receiving module
configured to receive a control message from user equipment; a
handover determining module configured to analyze the received
control message and determine whether the control message includes
a request of inter-cell handover from a first cell base station of
the first cell to a second cell base station of one of the second
cells; and an inter-frequency processing module configured to
perform inter-frequency handover using an unshared frequency when
the handover determining module determines that the control message
includes the request of inter-cell handover.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the event receiving module
receives the control message when the user equipment in a traffic
state enters the one of the second cells.
15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein: the handover determining
module determines whether or not the second cell base station is a
femtocell base station; and the inter-frequency processing module
performs the inter-frequency handover when the second cell base
station is the femtocell base station.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising: an inter-cell
handover processing module configured to perform an inter-cell
handover when the handover determining module determines that the
second base station is a macrocell base station.
17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein: the handover determining
module determines whether or not a first frequency used by the
first cell base station is equivalent to a second frequency
assigned to the second cell base station; and the inter-frequency
processing module performs the inter-frequency handover when the
first frequency is equivalent to the second frequency,
18. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising: an inter-cell
handover processing module configured to perform an inter-cell
handover when the first frequency is different from the second
frequency.
19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the handover determining
module includes: a frequency selector configured to select the
unshared frequency from frequencies assigned to the first cell base
station and un assigned to the second cell base station, wherein a
frequency having load less than a given load level and quality
higher than a given quality level is selected from the frequencies,
as the unshared frequency.
20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, after performing the
inter-frequency handover, the user equipment is coupled to the
first cell base station using the unshared frequency.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-0014199 (filed
on Feb. 17, 2011), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its
entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to communication networks and,
in particular, to controlling handover.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] A femtocell is a small cellular base station that provides a
mobile communication service in a comparatively narrow area. The
femtocell has various advantages of expanding indoor service
coverage, improving service quality, and effectively providing
various wired and wireless integrated services. In addition, the
femtocell has low installation and maintenance fees. Further, the
femtocell can be installed in any location where an Internet
channel is available.
[0004] One of the main purposes of introducing a femtocell is to
distribute network load in a macrocell and to increase service
capacity of the macrocell. For example, a plurality of femtocells
may be installed within a service area of a macrocell in order to
overcome a shortage in the service capacity of a macrocell. Since
multiple femtocells are installed within a single macrocell, the
femtocells, however, may cause a frequency interference problem,
known as femtocell interference.
[0005] Furthermore, femtocells may be allocated with the same
identification codes. Each base station is allocated an
identification code in order for the base station to be
distinguished from other base stations. For efficient system
management, only a limited number of identification codes is
available. Most of the available identification codes are allocated
to macrocell base stations first, and only the few remaining
identification codes may be allocated to femtocell base stations.
Due to a shortage of identification codes, the same identification
codes may be reused for multiple femtocell base stations installed
in a service area of a macrocell. Such duplication of
identification codes may cause a failure of the inter-cell handover
from a macrocell base station to a femtocell base station. For
example, when a handover procedure is performed from a macrocell to
a femtocell, a target femtocell base station may not be
distinguishable from other femtocell base stations. Particularly,
when a target femtocell base station has the same identification
code of other base station, the handover procedure may fail.
[0006] Such a failure in handover may also cause serious frequency
interference problems. Such frequency interference problems may
degrade the service quality of the overall communication network
and deteriorate the load distribution effect of femtocell.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] Embodiments of the present invention overcome the above
disadvantages and other disadvantages not described above. Also,
the present invention is not required to overcome the disadvantages
described above, and an embodiment of the present invention may not
overcome any of the problems described above.
[0008] In accordance with an aspect of the present invention,
handover may be controlled in consideration of femtocell
interference.
[0009] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
inter-frequency handover may be performed when inter-cell handover
from a macrocell to a femtocell is requested.
[0010] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention, a method may be provided for controlling handover in a
communication network where a first cell is overlapped with a
plurality of second cells. The method may include receiving a
request of inter-cell handover from a first cell base station of
the first cell to a second cell base station of one of the second
cells, and performing an inter-frequency handover in response to
the request of the inter-cell handover.
[0011] User equipment may make the request of inter-cell handover
when the user equipment in a traffic state enters into the one of
the second cells.
[0012] The receiving a request of inter-cell handover may include
determining whether the second cells are femtocells. The
inter-frequency handover is performed if the second cells are
femtocells.
[0013] The method may further include performing the inter-cell
handover from the first cell base station to the second cell base
station when the second cells are macrocells.
[0014] The receiving a request of inter-cell handover may include
determining whether a first frequency used by the first cell base
station is equivalent to a second frequency assigned to the second
cell base station, and performing the inter-frequency handover.
[0015] The method may further include performing the inter-cell
handover from the first cell base station to the second cell base
station when the first frequency is different from the second
frequency.
[0016] The performing the inter-frequency handover in response to
the request of the inter-cell handover may include selecting an
unshared frequency, and performing the inter-frequency handover to
the selected unshared frequency. The unshared frequency may be a
frequency unassigned to the one of the second cells.
[0017] In the selecting an unshared frequency, a frequency having
load less than a given load level and quality higher than a given
quality level may be selected from frequencies assigned to the
first cell and unassigned to the second cells.
[0018] After performing the inter-frequency handover, user
equipment may be coupled to the first cell base station using the
selected unshared frequency.
[0019] In accordance with another embodiment of the present
invention, a method may be provided for controlling handover in a
communication network where a macrocell is overlapped with a
plurality of femtocells. The method may include transmitting a
measurement control message to user equipment when the user
equipment in a traffic state enters from the macrocell to one of
the femtocells, receiving a measurement report message from the
user equipment, determining whether the measurement report message
includes a request of inter-cell handover from a macrocell base
station of the macrocell to a femtocell base station of the one of
the femtocells, selecting an unshared frequency from unshared
frequencies assigned to a macrocell base station of the macrocell
and unassigned to a femtocell base station of the one of the
femtocells when the measurement report message includes the request
of inter-cell handover from the macrocell to the one of the
femtocells, and performing inter-frequency handover based on the
selected unshared frequency in response to the request of the
inter-cell handover.
[0020] The method may further include performing the inter-cell
handover from the macrocell to another macrocell when the
measurement report message includes a request of inter-cell
handover from the macrocell to another macrocell,
[0021] The method may further include determining whether a first
frequency used by the macrocell base station is equivalent to a
second frequency assigned to the femtocell base station, performing
an inter-cell handover from the macrocell base station to the
femtocell base station when the first frequency is different from
the second frequency, and performing the inter-frequency handover
using the unshared frequency when the first frequency is equivalent
to the second frequency.
[0022] In accordance with another embodiment of the present
invention, an apparatus may be provided for controlling handover in
a communication network where a first cell is overlapped with a
plurality of second cells. The apparatus may include an event
receiving module, a handover determining module, and an
inter-frequency processing module. The event receiving module may
be configured to receive a control message from user equipment, The
handover determining module may be configured to analyze the
received control message and determine whether the control message
includes a request of inter-cell handover from a first cell base
station of the first cell to a second cell base station of one of
the second cells. The inter-frequency processing module may be
configured to perform inter-frequency handover using an unshared
frequency when the handover determining module determines that the
control message includes the request of inter-cell handover.
[0023] The event receiving module may receive the control message
when the user equipment in a traffic state enters the one of the
second cells.
[0024] The handover determining module may determine whether or not
the second cell base station is a femtocell base station. In this
case, the inter-frequency processing module may perform the
inter-frequency handover when the second cell base station is the
femtocell base station.
[0025] The apparatus may further include an inter-cell handover
processing module. The inter-cell handover processing module may be
configured to perform an inter-cell handover when the handover
determining module determines that the second base station is a
macrocell base station,
[0026] The handover determining module may determine whether or not
a first frequency used by the first cell base station is equivalent
to a second frequency assigned to the second cell base station. The
inter-frequency processing module may perform the inter-frequency
handover when the first frequency is equivalent to the second
frequency.
[0027] The apparatus may further include an inter-cell handover
processing module. The inter-cell handover processing module may be
configured to perform an inter-cell handover when the first
frequency is different from the second frequency.
[0028] The handover determining module may include a frequency
selector. The frequency selector may be configured to select the
unshared frequency from frequencies assigned to the first cell base
station and un assigned to the second cell base station. A
frequency having load less than a given load level and quality
higher than a given quality level may be selected from the
frequencies, as the unshared frequency.
[0029] After performing the inter-frequency handover, the user
equipment may be coupled to the first cell base station using the
unshared frequency.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] The above and/or other aspects of the present invention will
become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following
description of embodiments, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, of which:
[0031] FIG. 1 illustrates a mobile communication system in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention;
[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates frequency assignment in macrocell and
femtocells;
[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates inter-frequency handover performed to
prevent femtocell interference in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention;
[0034] FIG. 4 illustrates a method for controlling handover to
prevent femtocell interference in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0035] FIG. 5 illustrates a method for controlling handover to
prevent femtocell interference in accordance with another exemplary
embodiment of the present invention; and
[0036] FIG. 6 illustrates an apparatus for controlling handover to
prevent femtocell interference in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0037] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the
present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to
like elements throughout. The embodiments are described below, in
order to explain the present invention by referring to the
figures.
[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates a mobile communication system in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention.
[0039] Referring to FIG. 1, mobile communication system 100 may
include a macrocell base station 111, femtocell base stations 211,
212, and 213, core network 300, base station controller 120, and
femtocell gateway 250. As illustrated in FIG. 1, macrocell 110 may
be overlapped with multiple femtocells 210, 220, and 230.
[0040] Macrocell 110 may be a typical radio access cell of a
wireless communication system. Macrocell 110 may include microcell
base station 110. Macrocell 110 may provide a mobile communication
service to user equipment 900 through microcell base station
110.
[0041] Femtocells 210, 220, and 230 may be radio access cells
installed for maintaining a proper quality level of a mobile
communication service in a shadow area of a macrocell and for
expanding service quantity of a macrocell. As shown in FIG. 1,
femtocells 210, 220, and 230 may be installed inside macrocell 110.
Femtocells 210, 220, and 230 may include femtocell base stations
211, 212, and 213, respectively. Femtocell base stations 211, 212,
and 213 may be coupled to Internet protocol (IP) network 500 and
femtocell gateway 250. When user equipment 900 enters one of
femtocells 210, 220, and 230, user equipment 900 may perform an
inter-cell handover procedure from macrocell base station 111 to
corresponding one of femtocell base stations 211, 212, and 213.
Femtocells 210, 220, and 230 may be coupled to core network 300
through IP network 500 and femtocell gateway 250.
[0042] Core network 300 may be a mobile communication network for
providing a data service and a voice service. Core network 300 may
be coupled to macrocell 110 through serving GPRS support node
(SGSN) 400. Core network 300 may be coupled to femtocells 210, 220,
and 230 through femtocell gateway 250 and IP network 500.
Particularly, core network 300 may provide a data service and a
voice service to user equipment 900 in macrocell 110 or femtocells
210, 220, and 230.
[0043] Macrocell base station 111 may be an access point for
macrocell 110. Macrocell base station 111 may be coupled to base
station controller 120 and may manage radio resources in response
to the control of base station controller 120. For example,
macrocell base station 111 may be a base station transceiver
subsystem (BTS) or a Node B.
[0044] Base station controller 120 may allocate and release a radio
channel, control transmission of user equipment 900 and macrocell
base station 111, determine inter-cell handover and/or
inter-frequency handover, manage radio resources, and manage and
maintain macrocell base station 111.
[0045] Femtocell gateway 250 may couple IP network 500 to core
network 300. Accordingly, femtocell gateway 250 may enable user
equipment 900 to access femtocell base stations 211, 212, and 213
to communicate with other user equipment. Femtocell gateway 250 may
receive data such as mobile contents through core network 300 to
transmit the received data to user equipment 900 accessing one of
femtocell base stations 211, 212, and 213. Femtocell gateway 250
may perform protocol conversion between core network 300 and IP
network 500.
[0046] Femtocell base stations 211, 212, and 213 may be installed
at a shadow area or an area in macrocell 110, where a radio signal
of macrocell 110 is weak. For example, femtocell base stations 211,
212, and 213 may be installed within a service area of macrocell
110 to increase service capacity of macrocell 110 and to distribute
network load in macrocell 110. Femtocell base stations 211, 212,
and 213 may be allocated with identification codes. As described
above, such identification codes are reused with other femtocell
base stations or macrocell base stations because the number of
available identification codes is limited for efficiently managing
radio resources in an associated communication network. For
example, femtocell base stations 211, 212, and 213 may be allocated
the same identification code PSC#0.
[0047] When user equipment 900 in macrocell service area 110
transitions to femtocell service area 210, an inter-cell handover
procedure from macrocell base station 111 to femtocell base station
211 may be initiated. Femtocell base station 211, however, has an
identification code PSC#0 which is the same as the identification
code used by the other femtocell base stations 212 and 213. Since a
network cannot accurately identify femtocell base station 211 where
user equipment 900 transitions to femtocell service area 210, a
handover procedure cannot be normally performed. Accordingly, user
equipment 900 may fail in handover from macrocell 110 to femtocell
210 due to duplication of femtocell identification codes. Such a
handover failure may cause a frequency interference problem between
a macrocell and a femtocell using a same frequency, which is known
as femtocell interference. The frequency interference problem may
degrade service quality and overall system performance.
Furthermore, the frequency interference problem may decrease
service capacities of both the macrocell and femtocells.
[0048] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a
handover procedure may be controlled in consideration of femtocell
interference. For example, when user equipment 900 attempts to
perform handover from macrocell 110 to one of femtocells 210, 220,
and 230, inter-frequency handover may be performed instead of
performing inter-cell handover. This manner of controlling a
handover procedure may prevent the frequency interference problem
occurring in an associated communication network.
[0049] As described above, since radio resources including
frequencies are limited in a communication network, some of the
frequencies used are carefully assigned for communication in
macrocells and femtocells. Hereinafter, such a frequency assignment
will be briefly described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates frequency assignment in macrocell and
femtocells.
[0051] As illustrated FIG. 2, frequencies f1 to fN may be available
for assignment to macrocell and femtocells. Among frequencies f1 to
fN, frequencies f1 to fC may be commonly assigned to femtocells and
macrocells. That is, frequencies f1 to fC are termed herein as
"shared frequencies." Frequencies f(C+1) to fN may be dedicated for
assignment to macrocells, termed herein as "unshared frequencies."
That is, frequencies f(C+1) to fN may be unshared frequencies
within a macrocell. As described above, radio resources such as
frequencies for transmission are limited in a communication
network. In order to efficiently utilize such limited frequencies,
a comparative larger number of frequencies are assigned to
macrocells, as compared to the number of frequencies assigned to
femtocells, and femtocells may share some of frequencies assigned
to the macrocells.
[0052] Accordingly, when user equipment 900 communicates through a
shared frequency enters a femtocell service area, frequency
interference problems may be arisen when the macrocell and the
femtocell use the shared frequencies f1 to fC. In order to prevent
such a frequency interference problem, an inter-frequency handover
is performed when, and subsequently in place of, an inter-cell
handover request between a macrocell and a femtocell in accordance
with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter,
inter-frequency handover performed to prevent femtocell
interference in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the
present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3.
[0053] FIG. 3 illustrates inter-frequency handover performed to
prevent femtocell interference in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention.
[0054] Referring to FIG. 3, a shared frequency fl may be assigned
to both of macrocell 310 and femtocell 311. Unshared frequencies 12
to f4 may be dedicatedly assigned to macrocells 320 to 340. User
equipment 300 may communicate with other user equipment or receive
a data service from an associated server using frequency f1 when
user equipment 300 stays at an area A in a service area of
macrocell 310 outside of the area of femtocell 311. When user
equipment 300 enters to a service area B of femtocell 311, user
equipment 300 may attempt to perform handover from macrocell 310 to
femtocell 311. Since macrocell 310 and femtocell 311 use the shared
frequency f1, such an inter-cell handover may cause a frequency
interference problem, In order to prevent such a frequency
interference problem, an inter-frequency handover is performed
instead of the inter-cell handover in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention. For example, when user
equipment 300 requests inter-cell handover to a femtocell base
station of femtocell 311, the femtocell base station may transmit a
handover request to a base station controller of macrocell 310. The
base station controller may select one frequency from unshared
frequencies f2 to f4 based on a load and a quality thereof. For
example, the base station controller may select an unshared
frequency having less load and excellent quality from unshared
frequencies 12 to f4.FIG. 3 illustrates unshared frequency f3 is
selected, but the present invention is not limited thereto. After
selection, the base station controller may perform inter-frequency
handover from shared frequency fl to unshared frequency f3, in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,
Macrocells 310, 320, 330, and 340 are illustrated as being assigned
with only one frequency in FIG. 3. However, each macrocell may be
assigned multiple frequencies. For example, a macrocell base
station of macrocell 310 may be assigned multiple frequencies f1
and f3. In this case, a service base station and a target base
station may be same in inter-frequency handover.
[0055] As described above, inter-cell handover from macrocell 310
to femtocell 311 is not performed although user equipment 300
enters to the service area B of femtocell 311, in accordance with
an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Instead of
performing the inter-cell handover, inter-frequency handover from
shared frequency f1 to unshared frequency f3 may be performed. That
is, a frequency assigned to macrocell may become different from a
frequency assigned to femtocell as a result of the inter-frequency
handover. Accordingly, a frequency interference problem may not
arise although inter-cell handover from macrocell to femtocell is
failed. Hereinafter, a method for controlling handover in
consideration of femtocell interference in accordance with an
exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in
detail. For convenience and ease of understanding, it is assumed
that user equipment is located at a service area of a macrocell
where a plurality of femtocells are overlapped therewith, as shown
in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the method for controlling handover to
prevent femtocell interference will be described with reference to
FIG. 1 and FIG. 4.
[0056] FIG. 4 illustrates a method for controlling handover to
prevent femtocell interference in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention.
[0057] Referring to FIG. 4, a channel may be established between
user equipment 900 and macrocell base station 111 at step S401.
User equipment 900 may be located in a service area of macrocell
110. After establishing the channel, user equipment 900 may be in a
traffic state at step S402. For example, in the traffic state, user
equipment 900 may communicate with other user equipment or receive
and transmit data through the channel established to femtocell base
station 111.
[0058] User equipment 900 in the traffic state may enter to
femtocell 210 at step S403. Upon entering of femtocell 210,
macrocell base station 111 may transmit a measurement control
message to user equipment 900 at step S404.
[0059] Upon the receipt of the measurement control message, user
equipment 900 may measure a peripheral wireless environment, create
a measurement report message, and transmit the measurement report
message to the macrocell base station 111 at step S405. Macrocell
base station 111 may receive the measurement report message at step
S406. Macrocell base station 111 may analyze the received
measurement report message whether a handover request event is
included in the measurement report message at step S407. When the
measurement report message does not include the handover request
event (No-step S407), the method returns to step S402.
[0060] When the measurement report message includes the handover
request event (Yes-step S407), determination may be made as to
whether the handover request event is an inter-cell handover
request from macrocell 110 to femtocell 210 at step S408. When the
handover request event is the inter-cell handover request from
macrocell 110 to another macrocell (No-step S408), an inter-cell
handover from macrocell 110 to other macrocell may be performed at
step S409.
[0061] When the handover request event is the inter-cell handover
request from macrocell 110 to femtocell 210 (Yes-step S408),
determination may be made as to whether or not macrocell 110 and
femtocell 210 use a same frequency at step S410. When macrocell 110
and femtocell 210 use different frequencies (No-step S410), an
inter-cell handover from macrocell 110 to femtocell 210 may be
performed at step S411.
[0062] When macrocell 110 and femtocell 210 use the same frequency
(Yes-step S410), macrocell base station 111 may select an unshared
frequency at step S412. That is, macrocell base station 111 may
initiate an inter-frequency handover instead of inter-cell handover
in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention. Macrocell base station 111 may select an unshared
frequency from a group of available unshared frequencies. Macrocell
base station 111 may select one having comparative less load and
higher quality the group of available unshared frequencies.
[0063] After selection, macrocell base station 111 may perform
inter-frequency handover with the selected unshared frequency at
step S413. As a result of the inter-frequency handover, macrocell
base station 111 may be changed to a macrocell base station
assigned with the selected unshared frequency, and a frequency of
user equipment 900 may be changed to the selected unshared
frequency.
[0064] As described above, when macrocell 110 and femtocells use
the same frequency, the inter-frequency handover from a shared
frequency to an unshared frequency may be performed although an
inter-cell handover from macrocell 110 to femtocell 210 is
requested, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the
present invention. After the inter-frequency handover, user
equipment 900 may use a different frequency from that of femtocell
210. Accordingly, frequency interference problems such as femtocell
interference may be prevented. Such a method may be further more
effective when femtocell base stations cannot be identified in an
associated communication network due to duplication of
identification codes and when the signal strength of a macrocell
base station is stronger than that of a femtocell base station.
[0065] FIG. 5 illustrates a method for controlling handover to
prevent femtocell interference in accordance with another exemplary
embodiment of the present invention.
[0066] In FIG. 5, the method for controlling handover to prevent
femtocell interference will be described as controlling handover in
a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system. The
present invention, however, is not limited thereto. The method for
controlling handover to prevent femtocell interference may be
applied to a typical mobile communication system including a code
division multiple access (CDMA) system, a global system for mobile
communications (GSM) system, and an orthogonal frequency-division
multiplexing (OFDM) system.
[0067] Referring to FIG. 5, base station controller 730 may perform
information broadcasting to user equipment 710 in an idle state
through serving base station 720 at step S501. The information may
include a neighbor list of macrocell base stations and a neighbor
list of femtocell base stations, The neighbor lists may be included
in a system information block (SIB) in the broadcasted
information.
[0068] Based on the broadcasted information including the neighbor
lists, a radio resource control (RRC) connection may be established
between user equipment 710 and base station controller 730 and a
call session may be set through the RRC connection at step S502.
For example, the idle state of user equipment 710 may transit to a
traffic state. User equipment 710 may form a channel through a
shared frequency f1 to macrocell base station, for example, serving
base station 720, and communicate with other entity on an
associated communication network. The shared frequency f1 may be a
frequency commonly used with femtocells included in the neighbor
list.
[0069] User equipment 710 may enter a femtocell service area of
femtocell 740 while communication with other entity at step S503.
For example, femtocell 740 may be a target base station using the
shared frequency f1.
[0070] When user equipment 710 enters the femtocell service area,
base station controller 730 may detect the entering of the
femtocell service area and transmit a measurement control message
to user equipment 710 through serving base station 720 at step
S504. The measurement control message may invoke user equipment 710
to measure peripheral radio environment. The measurement control
message may include a neighbor list. For example, identification
codes of femtocell base stations may be included in the neighbor
list.
[0071] User equipment 710 may receive the measurement control
message from base station controller 730 through serving base
station 720. Serving base station 720 may be a macrocell base
station using a shared frequency f1. Upon the receipt of the
measurement control message, user equipment 710 may measure radio
signal strengths of neighboring base stations, create a measurement
report message based on the measurement result, and transmit the
measurement repot message to base station controller 730 through
serving base station 720 at step S505. The measurement report
message may include information on a handover request event. For
example, user equipment 710 may measure the radio signal strengths
of base stations included in the neighbor list and compare the
measured radio signal strengths to each other. Alternatively, user
equipment 710 may compare the measured radio signal strength with a
given threshold, Based on the comparison result, user equipment 710
may select one base station satisfying a given condition and
generate a handover request event based on the selected base
station. The present invention, however, is not limited thereto.
Handover request events may be invoked with various methods.
[0072] Base station controller 730 may receive the measurement
report message from user equipment 710 through serving base station
720 and determine whether the measurement report message includes a
handover request event at step S506. Base station controller 730
may also determine whether the handover request event is a request
for handover from a macrocell to a femtocell. When the handover
request event is a request for handover from a macrocell to another
macrocell, an inter-cell handover from a macrocell to another
macrocell may be performed.
[0073] However, when the handover request event is a request for
handover from a macrocell to a femtocell, an inter-frequency
handover may be initiated instead of inter-cell handover from a
macrocell to a femtocell, in accordance with another exemplary
embodiment of the present invention. As the inter-frequency
handover, base station controller 730 may select an unshared
frequency fx at step 8507. Base station controller 730 may select
an unshared frequency having comparative less load and better
quality from available unshared frequencies.
[0074] Before selection of an unshared frequency fx, a frequency of
serving base station may be compared with a frequency of a target
base station. When the frequency of the serving base station is
different from that of the base station, an inter-cell handover
from a macrocell to a femtocell may be performed. The present
invention, however, is not limited thereto.
[0075] After selecting the unshared frequency fx, base station
controller 730 may perform the inter-frequency handover to the
selected frequency fx. At first, a radio link may be established to
target base station 740 using the selected frequency fx at step
5508. Since femtocells are not allocated unshared frequencies, a
femtocell base station cannot be selected as a target base station.
In general, a serving base station may be selected again as a
target base station because a base station may be assigned with
multiple unshared frequencies. Accordingly, serving base station
720 may be selected as target base station 740 when serving base
station 720 is also assigned with unshared frequency fx. The
present invention, however, is not limited thereto. Another
femtocell base station assigned with the selected unshared
frequency fx may be selected as target base station 740.
[0076] After establishing the radio link, an uplink and a downlink
may be synchronized with the selected frequency fx of target base
station 740 at step S509. Base station controller 730 may request
user equipment 710 to reconfigure a physical channel through
serving base station 720 at step S510. In response to the request,
user equipment 710 may reconfigure a physical channel by performing
a frequency change procedure at step S511. For example, user
equipment 710 may release a physical channel established using the
shared frequency f1 and establish a physical channel using the
selected frequency fx. User equipment 710 may transmit a physical
channel reconfigure complete message to base station controller 730
through target base station 740 at step S512.
[0077] As establishing the physical channel between user equipment
710 to target base station 740 using the selected unshared
frequency fx, the inter-frequency handover may be completed. As
described above, when user equipment 710 requests an inter-cell
handover to a femtocell after entering a service area of the
femtocell, an unshared frequency may be selected and an
inter-frequency handover to the selected unshared frequency may be
performed instead of performing the inter-cell handover, in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Accordingly, a femtocell interference problem and/or a handover
failure problem may be prevented in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention.
[0078] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention, the method for controlling handover to prevent femtocell
interference may further include a compressed mode (CM) procedure
at step S513. Such a CM procedure may be performed after selecting
an unshared frequency fx. For example, a cell quality of a base
station assigned with the selected unshared frequency fx may be
analyzed with a compressed mode. When the cell quality is higher
than a given quality level, an associated handover may be
permitted.
[0079] FIG. 6 illustrates an apparatus for controlling handover to
prevent femtocell interference in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention.
[0080] Referring to FIG. 6, apparatus 600 for controlling handover
to prevent femtocell interference may include event receiving
module 610, handover determining module 620, and handover
processing module 630. Apparatus 600 may be a base station
controller of an associated mobile communication system, but the
present invention is not limited thereto. For example, apparatus
600 may be an independent server coupled to the base station
controller or be integrally implemented with the base station
controller.
[0081] Event receiving module 610 may receive an event message from
user equipment through a serving base station. Event receiving
module 610 may include measurement control (MC) message transmitter
612 and measurement report (MP) message receiver 614. MC message
transmitter 612 may transmit a measurement control message to user
equipment through a serving base station. Apparatus 600 may control
user equipment to measure peripheral radio environment through the
measurement control message. MR message receiver 614 may receive a
measurement report message from the user equipment through the
serving base station. In response to the measurement control
message, the user equipment may measure peripheral radio
environment, create the measurement report message based on the
measurement result, and transmit the measurement repot message to
MR message receiver 614 through the serving base station. The
measurement report message may include information on the result of
measuring peripheral radio environment and an event generated based
on the measurement result. For example, the event may be a handover
request event.
[0082] Handover determining module 620 may determine whether
inter-cell handover is requested based on the measurement report
message. For example, handover determining module 620 may analyze
the received measurement report message, determine whether the
received measurement report message includes a handover request
event, and determine whether the handover request event is a
request of inter-cell handover from a macrocell to a femtocell.
Handover determining module 620 may perform the determination
operation for user equipment in a traffic state.
[0083] Handover processing module 630 may process a handover
procedure according to the determination result of handover
determining module 620. Handover processing module 630 may include
event determiner 631, frequency selector 633, inter-frequency
handover processor 635, and inter-cell handover processor 637.
[0084] Event determiner 631 may determine whether the handover
request event is an inter-cell handover from a macrocell to a
femtocell. When event determiner 631 determines that the handover
request event is an inter-cell handover from a macrocell to a
femtocell, event determiner 631 may control frequency selector 633
and inter-frequency handover processor 635 to perform an
inter-frequency handover. When event determiner 631 determines that
the handover request event is an inter-cell handover from a
macrocell to a macrocell, event determiner 631 may control
inter-cell handover processor 637 to perform the inter-cell
handover from a macrocell to another macrocell. Furthermore, event
determiner 631 may determine whether a same shared frequency is
used by a serving macrocell base station and a target femtocell
base station. When event determiner 631 determines that different
shared frequencies are used by both of the serving macrocell base
station and the target femtocell base station, event determiner 631
may control inter-cell handover processor 637 to perform an
inter-cell handover from a macrocell to a femtocell,
[0085] Frequency selector 633 may select an unshared frequency in
response to the control of event determiner 631. The unshared
frequency may be a frequency not used by a femtocell base station
and only used by a macrocell base station. When multiple unshared
frequencies are available, frequency selector 633 may select one
having comparative less load and better quality from multiple
unshared frequencies. Furthermore, frequency selector 633 may
select an unshared frequency having a load less than a given load
level and a quality higher than a given quality level from multiple
unshared frequency.
[0086] Inter-frequency handover processor 635 may perform
inter-frequency handover based on the selected unshared frequency
in response to the control of event determiner 631. For example,
inter-frequency handover processor 635 may receive the selected
unshared frequency from frequency selector 633. Inter-frequency
handover processor 635 may perform handover to a target macrocell
base station assigned with the selected unshared frequency. The
target macrocell base station may be a serving macrocell base
station when the serving macrocell base station is assigned with
multiple frequencies including the selected unshared frequency.
[0087] Inter-cell handover processor 637 may perform inter-cell
handover from a macrocell to a macrocell in response to the control
of event determiner 631. For example, when event determiner 631
determines that the handover request event is inter-cell handover
from a macrocell to another macrocell, inter-cell handover
processor 637 may perform inter-cell handover. For another example,
when event determiner 631 determines that a current frequency used
by a serving macrocell base station is different from a frequency
used by a target femtocell base station, inter-cell handover
processor 637 may perform inter-cell handover from the serving
macrocell base station to the target femtocell base station.
[0088] As described above, apparatus 600 for controlling handover
to prevent femtocell interference may perform the inter-frequency
handover to an unshared frequency instead of the inter-cell
handover from a macrocell to a femtocell when user equipment in a
traffic state attempts to handover from a serving macrocell base
station to a target femtocell base station, in accordance with an
exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Accordingly, the
femtocell interference problem and/or the handover failure problem
may be prevented in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the
present invention.
[0089] Reference herein to a femtocell or a femtocell base station
may be referred to a microcell, a microcell base station, a
picocell, a picocell base station, an ubicell, and an ubicell base
station. Accordingly, such base station may be understood as any
access point that communicates with user equipment through
short-range communication and provides an Internet service to user
equipments.
[0090] Reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment"
means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic
described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at
least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the
phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification
are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are
separate or alternative embodiments necessarily mutually exclusive
of other embodiments. The same applies to the term
"implementation."
[0091] As used in this application, the word "exemplary" is used
herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration.
Any aspect or design described herein as "exemplary" is not
necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other
aspects or designs. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended
to present concepts in a concrete fashion.
[0092] Additionally, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive
"or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless specified
otherwise, or clear from context, "X employs A or B" is intended to
mean any of the natural inclusive permutations, That is, if X
employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs
A or B" is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In
addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this application and
the appended claims should generally be construed to mean "one or
more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be
directed to a singular form.
[0093] Moreover, the terms "system," "component," "module,"
"interface,", "model" or the like are generally intended to refer
to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of
hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For
example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process
running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a
thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of
illustration, both an application running on a controller and the
controller can be a component. One or more components may reside
within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be
localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more
computers.
[0094] The present invention can be embodied in the form of methods
and apparatuses for practicing those methods. The present invention
can also be embodied in the form of program code embodied in
tangible media, such as magnetic recording media, optical recording
media, solid state memory, floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives,
or any other machine-readable storage medium, wherein, when the
program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a
computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the
invention. The present invention can also be embodied in the form
of program code, for example, whether stored in a storage medium,
loaded into and/or executed by a machine, or transmitted over some
transmission medium or carrier, such as over electrical wiring or
cabling, through fiber optics, or via electromagnetic radiation,
wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a
machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for
practicing the invention. When implemented on a general-purpose
processor, the program code segments combine with the processor to
provide a unique device that operates analogously to specific logic
circuits. The present invention can also be embodied in the form of
a bitstream or other sequence of signal values electrically or
optically transmitted through a medium, stored magnetic-field
variations in a magnetic recording medium, etc., generated using a
method and/or an apparatus of the present invention.
[0095] It should be understood that the steps of the exemplary
methods set forth herein are not necessarily required to be
performed in the order described, and the order of the steps of
such methods should be understood to be merely exemplary. Likewise,
additional steps may be included in such methods, and certain steps
may be omitted or combined, in methods consistent with various
embodiments of the present invention,
[0096] As used herein in reference to an element and a standard,
the term "compatible" means that the element communicates with
other elements in a manner wholly or partially specified by the
standard, and would be recognized by other elements as sufficiently
capable of communicating with the other elements in the manner
specified by the standard. The compatible element does not need to
operate internally in a manner specified by the standard.
[0097] No claim element herein is to be construed under the
provisions of 35 U.S.C. .sctn.112, sixth paragraph, unless the
element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for" or "step
for."
[0098] Although embodiments of the present invention have been
described herein, it should be understood that the foregoing
embodiments and advantages are merely examples and are not to be
construed as limiting the present invention or the scope of the
claims. Numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised
by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and
scope of the principles of this disclosure, and the present
teaching can also be readily applied to other types of apparatuses.
More particularly, various variations and modifications are
possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject
combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the
drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and
modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements,
alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the
art.
* * * * *