U.S. patent application number 13/350178 was filed with the patent office on 2012-08-02 for footcare product dispensing kiosk.
This patent application is currently assigned to MSD Consumer Care, Inc.. Invention is credited to Harold A. Howlett, Charles E. Lundy, Bin Xia.
Application Number | 20120197161 13/350178 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42635531 |
Filed Date | 2012-08-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120197161 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Xia; Bin ; et al. |
August 2, 2012 |
FOOTCARE PRODUCT DISPENSING KIOSK
Abstract
A kiosk apparatus that may select for a person a recommended
footcare product based on pressure measurements collected from
pressures sensors or calculated biomechanical data estimates.
Pressure measurements and calculated biomechanical data estimates
may be used to determine if a foot is unshod on the pressure sensor
and also group a person into a classified subgroup. The pressure
measurement and calculated biomechanical data estimates may also be
used to select a recommended footcare product.
Inventors: |
Xia; Bin; (Germantown,
TN) ; Howlett; Harold A.; (Horn Lake, TN) ;
Lundy; Charles E.; (Germantown, TN) |
Assignee: |
MSD Consumer Care, Inc.
Memphis
TN
|
Family ID: |
42635531 |
Appl. No.: |
13/350178 |
Filed: |
January 13, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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11524745 |
Sep 21, 2006 |
8117922 |
|
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13350178 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
600/592 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 2562/0247 20130101;
A43D 1/02 20130101; A61B 5/1074 20130101; A43B 7/142 20130101; A43B
7/144 20130101; A61B 5/1036 20130101; A61B 5/6892 20130101; A43B
17/023 20130101; A61B 2562/046 20130101; G06Q 20/20 20130101; A43B
7/223 20130101; A61B 5/7264 20130101; G06Q 30/06 20130101; A43D
999/00 20130101; G06Q 30/02 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
600/592 |
International
Class: |
A61B 5/103 20060101
A61B005/103 |
Claims
1. A system, comprising: a surface, wherein the surface is
configured to allow a person to stand upon the surface; a plurality
of pressure sensors located under the surface forming a 2-D array
of sensors; a measurement system configured to obtain measurements
from a customer's feet; a processor in communication with the
plurality of pressure sensors, the processor configured to receive
a plurality of pressure measurements from at least a subset of the
plurality of pressure sensors while the person stands upon the
surface, the processor further configured to select a recommended
footcare product from among a set of candidate footcare products
based at least in part upon the plurality of pressure measurements,
wherein the processor is configured to receive at least a first
subset of the plurality of pressure measurements while the person
stands on one foot; an output device to display information
received from the processor, the information identifying the
recommended footcare product to the person; an input device
configured to receive a person's input in selection of a
recommended product; and a merchandise display area, the
merchandise display area configured to display the set of candidate
footcare products.
2-84. (canceled)
Description
[0001] This application is a divisional of, and claims priority to,
U.S. application Ser. No. 11/524,745, filed Sep. 21, 2006, the
contents of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Conventional footcare products, such as orthotics, foot
cushions, heel cups, etc., are typically sold from conventional
retail displays. Although packaging may provide some guidance,
customers may have to guess which products are appropriate, e.g.,
the customers' size, foot characteristics, and other attributes.
However, even if a customer were given the opportunity to try on a
product, the customer may not know the best type of support or size
of footcare product for their particular foot characteristics,
e.g., the arch type of the customer's foot. This practice may
result in the customer buying multiple products before the customer
finally finds a product that meets the customer's needs.
[0003] Custom foot-care products may also be sold to provide a
customer with the proper level of support. Custom footcare products
that have adjustable support, still may not be of the proper size
for a customer's shoes and may require significant time to
determine the proper size. Some custom footcare products are made
by moldable material. However, this requires time to measure the
foot and then a period of time to make the orthotic. Because these
orthotics are custom-made, they are typically more expensive than
pre-manufactured orthotics. Also, creating a custom molded orthotic
generally requires a trained professional that measures the
customer and makes or orders the orthotic.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] FIG. 1 illustrates a functional block diagram of an example
kiosk, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0005] FIG. 2 illustrates several example foot dimensions.
[0006] FIG. 3a illustrates an example of the locations of alignment
marks that may be displayed on a pressure mat.
[0007] FIG. 3b illustrates measurements that may be derived from
pressure measurements on a pressure mat.
[0008] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of an example procedure for
characterizing a person's feet based on pressure measurements and
selecting a recommended footcare product, according to an example
embodiment of the present invention.
[0009] FIG. 5 illustrates an example pressure map showing foot
dimensions that may be used to determine if a foot on a sensor is
unshod, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0010] FIG. 6 illustrates an example procedure using foot
dimensions from FIG. 5 to determine whether an unshod foot is on a
pressure mat, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0011] FIG. 7 illustrates an example procedure to take pressure
measurements to calculate biomechanical data estimates, such as
those in FIG. 2, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0012] FIG. 8a illustrates an example decision matrix, according to
an example embodiment of the present invention.
[0013] FIG. 8b illustrates an example procedure for selecting a
footcare product from a decision matrix, such as in FIG. 8a, based
on pressure measurements, according to an example embodiment of the
present invention.
[0014] FIG. 9a illustrates an example kiosk selecting
pre-manufactured orthotics, according to an example embodiment of
the present invention.
[0015] FIG. 9b illustrates an example internal structure of a
pressure pad, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0016] FIG. 9c illustrates an example layer-by-layer internal
structure of a pressure pad, according to an example embodiment of
the present invention.
[0017] FIG. 10a illustrates an example screen that may display
footcare products, according to an example embodiment of the
present invention.
[0018] FIG. 10b illustrates an example screen that may display a
footcare product and its various components, according to an
example embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates any number of example screens that
display information, instructions, or that provide a language
option, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates an example instruction screen directing
a person to take off his or her shoes, according to an example
embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] FIG. 13a illustrates an example screen that may be displayed
to a person to help achieve proper foot alignment and weight
distribution, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0022] FIG. 13b illustrates an alternative example screen that may
be displayed to a person to help achieve proper foot alignment and
weight distribution, according to an example embodiment of the
present invention.
[0023] FIG. 14 illustrates an example screen that may be displayed
to a person when the person has his or her weight balanced on both
feet, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0024] FIG. 15 illustrates an example screen containing
instructions that may be displayed to a person regarding taking
quasi-dynamic foot measurements, according to an example embodiment
of the present invention.
[0025] FIG. 16a illustrates an example screen that may be displayed
after measurements of a single planting foot are taken, according
to an example embodiment of the present invention.
[0026] FIG. 16b illustrates an alternative example screen that may
be displayed after measurements of a single planting foot are
taken, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0027] FIG. 17a illustrates an example screen containing
instructions that may be displayed to a person regarding taking
pressure measurements of the person while the person stands on the
right foot, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention.
[0028] FIG. 17b illustrates an alternative example screen
containing instructions that may be displayed to a person regarding
taking pressure measurements of the person while the person stands
on the right foot, according to an example embodiment of the
present invention.
[0029] FIG. 18 illustrates an example screen that may be displayed
after measurements of a single planting foot are taken, according
to an example embodiment of the present invention.
[0030] FIG. 19 illustrates an example screen that may display a
selected recommended footcare product, in this example, an
orthotic.
[0031] FIG. 20 illustrates an example screen displaying other
information that may be displayed to a person, according to an
example embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] Footcare products may be placed inside footwear products to
provide support, cushioning, to improve fit or comfort, etc.
Examples of footcare products include orthotics, insoles, foot
cushions, heel cups, etc. Examples of footwear products include
sneakers, loafers, dress shoes, high heels, etc. A person may want
to quickly and accurately determine the proper footcare or footwear
product for his or her feet from an available range or products.
For example, a product may need to have the proper support, size,
arch support, and be able to support the person's body weight.
Retailers would also want to be able to provide this service to
people without having to staff a person that has specialized
training and/or knowledge of all possible products, footcare or
footwear, and foot types.
[0033] In some example embodiments of the present invention, a
kiosk measures a person's feet and determines a recommended
footcare product for the person and the recommended product may be
dispensed or may be selected by the person from a display. The
measurements may be taken with a surface containing pressure
sensors to measure a person's feet. A processor may correlate
footcare products to the person's foot measurements. In one example
embodiment, the kiosk may contain a video screen that provides
instructions to the person. The system selects a recommended
footcare product from among a set of candidate footcare products
based at least in part upon a plurality of pressure measurements
received from the pressure sensors. The set of candidate footcare
products may be displayed on or near the kiosk in a merchandise
display area, and the person would be provided with an indicia of
the recommended footcare product, such as a picture of the footcare
product, the model number of the footcare product, a color or
symbol, etc. The person may then easily locate the footcare product
that will provide the best calculated fit and support for the
person's needs. Alternatively, products may be dispensed from a
kiosk, for example, the kiosk may be configured as a vending
machine. The footcare product sold may be a pre-manufactured
orthotic, and the set of candidate footcare products may be a set
of different models of pre-manufactured orthotics of varying
attributes, such as size, arch support levels, arch index,
cushioning levels (i.e. foam density, cushioning material used,
etc.), etc. The range of models provided are chosen to address the
most common conditions needing a footcare product, while coming in
a range of sizes and models needed to fit and provide an
appropriate support level for the vast majority of the potential
user population.
[0034] One example embodiment of the present invention may be a
system including a surface, wherein the surface is configured to
allow a person to stand upon the surface; a plurality of pressure
sensors located under the surface forming a 2-D array of sensors; a
measurement system configured to obtain measurements from a
customer's feet; a processor in communication with the plurality of
pressure sensors, the processor configured to receive a plurality
of pressure measurements from at least a subset of the plurality of
pressure sensors while the person stands upon the surface, the
processor further configured to select a recommended footcare
product from among a set of candidate footcare products based at
least in part upon the plurality of pressure measurements, wherein
the processor is configured to receive at least a first subset of
the plurality of pressure measurements while the person stands on
one foot; an output device to display information received from the
processor, the information identifying the recommended footcare
product to the person; an input device configured to receive a
person's input in selection of a recommended product; and a
merchandise display area, the merchandise display area configured
to display the set of candidate footcare products.
[0035] An alternative example embodiment of the present invention
may be a method of selecting a recommended orthotic, including
determining if a foot on a sensor is unshod; collecting a first set
of pressure measurements of a foot of a person while the person
stands stationary on one foot, wherein a plurality of pressure
measurements are taken from different points of the foot of a
person; calculating a biomechanical data estimate of the foot using
the pressure measurements, wherein biomechanical data comprises
foot length, foot width, body weight, arch index, outline of the
foot and toeline, a peak pressure map, a longitudinal line drawn on
a peak pressure map, or an intersection of a longitudinal line and
a foot body; comparing the biomechanical data with values from a
decision matrix of orthotics and classified subgroups; and
selecting an orthotic based on the comparison.
[0036] An alternative example embodiment of the present invention
may be an apparatus with a surface, multiple pressure sensors
located under the surface, and a processor in communication with
the plurality of pressure sensors, the processor configured to
receive multiple pressure measurements from a subset of the
multiple pressure sensors while the person stands upon the surface.
The process may also be configured to select a recommended footcare
product from among a set of candidate footcare products based at
least in part upon the multiple pressure measurements. The surface
may be configured to allow a person to stand upon the surface.
Footcare products may include orthotics. The set of candidate
footcare products includes a set of orthotics, the set including
pre-manufactured orthotics with a plurality of different sizes and
a plurality of different support levels. The pressure sensors may
be a grid of pressure sensors, possibly formed of a 2-D array.
There may be 1144 sensors in an array for a single foot. The
sensors may be 7.5 mm.times.7.5 mm or smaller. The pressure sensors
may include a pressure-sensitive conductive ink, a piezoelectric
sensor, etc. The apparatus may select a recommended footcare
product and the selection may be made without other foot
measurements being taken other than the pressure measurements. In
alternative embodiments, a scale may be used to provide a weight
measurement of the person.
[0037] The example embodiment of the apparatus may also contain
input and output features. The apparatus may contain an output
device to display information received from the processor, the
information identifying the recommended footcare product to the
person. The output device may be a video screen configured to
display an image of the recommended footcare product, a
biomechanical data estimate, or display instructions, the
instructions directing the person to stand on one foot.
Biomechanical data may include at least one of the foot length,
foot width, body weight, arch index, outline of the foot and
toeline, a peak pressure map, a longitudinal line drawn on a peak
pressure map, or an intersection of a longitudinal line and a foot
body. The video screen may also be a touch screen, configurable to
receive both input and output. A separate input device may also
receive input to configure the processor.
[0038] The apparatus may also be configured to receive and
calculate pressure measurements with a processor. The processor may
be configured to take pressure measurements while the person stands
on one foot or may be configured to receive at least a first subset
of the plurality of pressure measurements while the person stands
on one foot. The processor may be configured to receive at least a
second subset of the plurality pressure measurements while the
person stands on both feet. The processor may be configured receive
demographic information.
[0039] To select a recommended footcare product, a storage device
may store a mapping of footcare products to classified subgroups.
The storage device may also store a storage record containing an
apparatus transaction. The processor may be configured to calculate
biomechanical data estimates based on the plurality of pressure
measurements. The categories of biomechanical data estimates
include estimated foot dimensions, estimated foot type, and
estimated body weight. Foot dimensions may be a longitudinal line
that runs from the center of a heel to the center of a second toe,
a toe line that is a fitted curve through three alignment marks, a
foot length that is the projection of the distance between the most
anterior point and most posterior point of foot pressure map on the
longitudinal line, a foot width that is the projection of distance
between the most medial point and most lateral point of foot
pressure map on the perpendicular line of the longitudinal line,
the arch index that is the ratio of the area of the middle third of
the toeless footprint to the toeless footprint area, etc. The
processor may be configured to select a recommended footcare
product based on the biomechanical data estimates. The processor of
the apparatus may also be configured to determine whether an unshod
foot, a shoe, or a sock is on the pressure sensors. The processor
may use some of the biomechanical data estimates or pressure
measurements to make this determination.
[0040] As stated above, the apparatus may select a recommended
footcare product from a set of candidate footcare products. The set
of candidate footcare products may include a set of different
pre-manufactured orthotics. The set of different pre-manufactured
orthotics may include orthotics that differ in size, arch support
levels, and cushioning levels. The set of different
pre-manufactured orthotics variations may be calculated to fit the
majority of the population. The processor may be configured to
receive accuracy factors from a person. The accuracy factors may be
received before making the recommendation or after making a
recommendation. The accuracy factors may be integrated with the
calculations and procedures performed for selection of the
recommended footcare product but may also be a complete separate
procedure. The apparatus may also include a merchandise display
area configured to display the set of candidate footcare
products.
[0041] An example embodiment of the present invention may be a
point-of-sale system for selling orthotics including a set of
pre-manufactured orthotics of different types, a measurement system
configured to obtain measurements from a customer's feet, and a
processor configured to receive the measurements and to recommend
an orthotic to the customer from the set of pre-manufactured
orthotics based at least in part on the measurements. The
measurement system may contain a plurality of pressure sensors. The
processor may be configured to derive biomechanical data from
measurements collected by the measurement system. The biomechanical
data may be selected from the foot length, foot width, body weight,
arch index, outline of the foot and toeline, a peak pressure map, a
longitudinal line drawn on a peak pressure map, and an intersection
of a longitudinal line and a foot body, among others. A dispensing
mechanism may provide an orthotic from the set of pre-manufactured
orthotics to the person.
[0042] An example embodiment of the present invention may also
perform a method of characterizing a foot. The method may collect a
first set of pressure measurements of a foot of a person while the
person stands stationary on one foot and characterize the foot
based on the first set of pressure measurements. Selection of a
footcare product may then be based on the characterization of at
least the one foot. The method may collect a second set of pressure
measurements from both feet of a person while the person stands on
both feet and characterize the foot based on the first set and
second set of pressure measurements. Alternatively, the method may
only collect pressure measurements from both feet as the first set
of pressure measurement of a person and characterize the foot based
on the first set, in this example, the pressure measurements of
both feet. The method may also calculate a biomechanical data
estimate of the foot using the pressure measurements. The method
may compare the biomechanical data with values from a decision
matrix of orthotics and classified subgroups, wherein a classified
subgroup may include the weight of the person, the band of the
person (i.e. a band based on a person's foot length), a person's
arch index, etc. The method may involve calibrating a plurality of
pressure sensors and a processor using a Force Calibration method
or a Multi-level Pressure Calibration method. The method may
involve adjusting coefficients in a processor change the accuracy
factors to recommend an orthotic. The decision matrix may be
created based on a product specification list.
[0043] An example embodiment of the present invention may also
perform a method of selecting an orthotic. The method may include
collecting a plurality of pressure measurements at different points
of the foot of a person and selecting an orthotic based on the
pressure measurements. The method may perform a combination of
grouping a person into one of a plurality of classified subgroups
based on the pressure measurements; recommending a footcare product
based on a person's classified subgroup; deriving biomechanical
data estimates from the pressure measurements of at least one of
the both feet of a person, the left foot of a person, or the right
foot of a person; estimating the biomechanical data of the person's
feet using the first set of pressure measurements and the second
set of pressure measurements; confirming the person is balanced
based on the received pressure measurements; confirming the person
is not wearing a footwear based on the pressure measurements;
confirming the person is not wearing a footwear based on the
biomechanical data estimates; receiving the second set of pressure
measurements when the load on the individual planting foot reaches
a pre-determined bodyweight percentage; receiving the second set of
pressure measurements when the person's Center of Force enters a
target zone, wherein a target zone is a pressure reference point;
receiving the second set of pressure measurements when the Center
of Force matches a target zone and at least 95% of static weight,
weight calculated by the sum of forces created by the feet when
relatively still, is achieved; or generating a static foot outline
based on pressure measurements. Biomechanical data may include foot
length, foot width, body weight, arch index, outline of the foot
and toeline, a peak pressure map, a longitudinal line drawn on a
peak pressure map, or an intersection of a longitudinal line and a
foot body. A specified bodyweight percentage may be between the
range of 90 to 95 percent of bodyweight.
[0044] An example embodiment of the present invention may also
perform a method of determining if a foot on a sensor is unshod.
The method may include determining plurality of foot dimensions,
calculating a plurality of foot dimension ratios, and comparing the
foot dimension ratios to pre-determined values (e.g. 3.5, 6.0, 1.2,
and 0.1). The foot dimensions may be selected from the group
consisting of foot length, heel width, arch width, and forefoot
width, although it will be appreciated that other dimensions may
also be used. Foot dimension ratios may include foot length (e.g.
the length of the line between the most posterior and most anterior
points of each foot pressure print) over the heel width (e.g. the
length of a first line that is perpendicular to a second line,
wherein the second line is a line between the center of the heel
and the center of the second toe, and the first line is located at
16%, though it may range between 5 to 20%), forefoot width/heel
width, and arch width/heel width.
[0045] FIG. 1 illustrates a functional block diagram of an example
kiosk, according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
The example kiosk 100 may be used to take a person's foot
measurements, and based on the measurements, select a recommended
footcare product. The kiosk 100 may include a foot measurement
subsystem 114, e.g., a plurality of pressure sensors 101. The
pressure sensors 101 may be provided by using a pad having an array
of pressure sensors made from pressure sensitive conductive inks,
e.g., sensors from Tekscan, Inc. (307 West First Street., South
Boston, Mass. 02127-1309, USA), and/or sensors described in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,989,700 and 6,964,205. Other measurement technologies
may also be employed, e.g., force plates, piezoelectric sensors,
digital air pressure sensors, optical measurements, gauges, thermal
sensors, etc.
[0046] The pressure sensors 101 may be arranged to obtain pressure
measurements at different points of a person's foot. For example,
the pressure sensors may be arranged as a 2-D grid or a 3-D grid of
multiple sensor layers. Sensels of up to 7.5 mm by 7.5 mm arranged
in an array provide adequate detail to characterize feet up to
men's size 15. The sensing element may provide the measurements
needed to provide an accurate pressure map of the foot. For
example, in one example embodiment, given the square footage of the
pressure pad, a minimum of 1144 number of pressure sensors per foot
area with a size of 6.86 mm.times.6.65 mm provides an accurate
pressure map of a foot. Thus, for two feet there would be 2288
pressure sensors. However, with a varying range of sensor sizes,
the number of sensors that may be needed to accurately capture a
pressure map of the foot may vary. The foot area, and
correspondingly the number sensors, may also vary depending on the
target population. For example, an example embodiment of the kiosk
may contain pressure pads underlying the feet that are capable of
measuring children to adults, and the pads underlying would be
large enough to capture the foot area of an adult.
[0047] The pressure measurements taken from the plurality of
pressure sensors 101 may, but need not, be the only measurements of
the foot collected to select a recommended footcare product. For
example, in alternative embodiments, a scale 113 may also be
employed in the foot measurement subsystem 101 to provide greater
accuracy in estimating a person's weight. It will be appreciated
that measurement approaches that produce a relative pressure
distribution, without producing absolute pressure values, may also
be employed in place of absolute numerical pressure
measurements.
[0048] The example kiosk 100 may also contain an output device 102,
such as a video screen or LCD screen, and an input device 103, such
as a keyboard, mouse, etc. An alternative embodiment may contain a
touch-screen as a combination of the input device 103 and the
output device 102. The output device 102 may display information
received from a processor 104. Such information may include a
recommended footcare product in the form of a picture or a model
number, instructions on how to use the kiosk, biomechanical data
estimates, data containing kiosk transaction information, etc. The
output device 102 may display foot pressure in real-time as soon as
a user steps onto the pressure sensors. If the output device is a
digital display, the pressure may be displayed in pixel format or
contoured format, i.e. a real-time smoothed version of the
pixilated format for aesthetic display purposes. The display may
also show in real-time a pressure map and changes in the pressure
map of a person's feet while the person stands on the pressure
sensors.
[0049] The output device 102 may also display a final peak pressure
map to a person. The peak pressure map is the combination of the
peak at each specific point. A dynamic pressure display may use a
fixed color legend while a peak pressure generated after data
collection may use a floating (variable) legend based on the range
of peak pressure. The various pressure maps, such as the peak
pressure map, may be used by other embodiments of a kiosk to detect
hot spots and recommend therapeutic products or pads. For example,
hot spots may be used to detect where the peak pressure is applied
in various areas of the foot. Pads or other cushioning foot
products may then be recommended to apply to those areas.
[0050] While a person, such as a customer 109, may use the input
device 103 to perform a procedure 108 to select a recommended
footcare product based on the pressure measurements of a person's
foot, another person, such as an administrator 110, may use the
input device 103 to configure 111 the processor 104. Configuring
111 may involve adjusting the parameters used to select a
recommended footcare product, calibrating the pressure sensors,
providing new product listings, etc.
[0051] An administrator 110 may calibrate the processor 104 to
ensure the accuracy of the pressure measurements taken from the
pressure sensors 101. Two methods may be employed by an
administrator 110: a Force Calibration (FC) or a Multi-Level
Pressure Calibration (MPC). Using a Force Calibration method, an
administrator 110 measures a tester's body weight on a calibrated
weight scale and subsequently measures the tester's body standing
on the pressure mat 114. The body weight of the tester is entered
into the processor and the tester would stand still on the pressure
mat for a fixed duration before starting the calibration process.
The fixed duration may range from as low as 1 second to 15 seconds.
A system that could collect data or frames at higher rates could
decrease the time needed.
[0052] Using a Multi-level Pressure Calibration method, an
automatic sensitivity adjustment may be executed. In the
calibration window, a "sensitivity setting" button may be added. A
tester may insert the pressure mat in the calibration mat in the
calibration device and load the pressure mat at a fixed known
pressure, such as 15 pounds per square inch (psi). The process may
involve adjusting sensitivity based on raw digital readings. To
conduct the multi-level pressure calibration, the entire pressure
platform may be placed in a pressure calibration device. The
pressure mat may then be loaded at various pressure levels, such as
5 psi, 10 psi, 15 psi, 20 psi, 30 psi, etc. A load-output curve is
generated for each sensel on the pressure mat, the sensel being an
independent sensing cell. Moreover, in order to ensure proper
calibration, the processor may perform a test calibration of the
pressure sensors in order to offset long-term drifting.
[0053] The example kiosk 100 may also contain a storage device 105,
e.g RAM, a hard drive, flash drive, etc. that may transfer 120
information to be stored or sent, such as the instructions or
software upgrades 115 needed to operate the kiosk, a mapping or
decision matrix 116 of footcare products to classified subgroups,
an inventory list 117, demographic information 118 of people that
use the kiosk, parameters 122 of the kiosk that are pre-configured
and which may be set by an administrator, records of kiosk
transactions 119, demographic information 118 relating types of
footcare products selected for foot types, etc. The inventory list
117 may store information of the types of products and also current
availability in stock of those products. This information may also
be transferred across a communication medium 107, e.g. a modem,
DSL, cable, ethernet, etc., to network servers 106 which may
transfer 121 the stored kiosk information from a plurality of
kiosks 100.
[0054] The network servers 106 or databases may store the
corresponding information from a plurality of kiosks 100, including
instructions or software upgrades 123, mappings or decision
matrices 124, inventory 125 or product lists, demographic
information 126, transactional information 127, and parameters 128.
It may appreciated that the operation of the networked kiosks may
alternatively be controlled through instructions or software
upgrades 123 located only on the network servers 106.
Alternatively, networked kiosks may share instructions and
operational control with the server 106. An administrator 110, may
collect and analyze 112 data from the network servers 106 to adjust
parameters used to select a recommended footcare product or to
adjust shipment of certain models of footcare products. Moreover,
the inventory 125 may be analyzed, as will be explained later, to
track the sales statistics of inventory or to register whether
certain kiosks need to be restocked or more products need to be
manufactured.
[0055] A processor 104 in the example kiosk 100 may be configured
to perform a variety of tasks, such as taking pressure measurements
from the pressure sensors 101. The processor may be able to
calculate biomechanical data estimates of a person's foot based on
the pressure measurements. Biomechanical data estimates may include
estimated foot dimensions, estimated foot type, and estimated body
weight. Foot types may indicate whether the person has flat feet,
supination, pronation, etc.
[0056] At the end of kiosk use, or before it is used during the
day, an administrator 110 may initiate a checkup, or alternatively,
the kiosk may initiate a self-check-up. A self-check-up may involve
a pressure mat condition check-up (sense) misfiring when there is
no load), handle-sensor, handle-computer check-up, touch screen
check-up, system memory clean-up, calibrating the pressure mat,
calibrating a scale, accounting for daylight savings time, etc.
[0057] Prior to the start of the kiosk, or while the kiosk is not
in use, an administrator 110 may access the processor 104 using the
input device 103 or the output device 102 that can act as an input,
such as a touch screen interface. Or, if there is an error while
the kiosk is in use, the error may prompt administrator 110 action.
An administrator may set parameters for error-checking, such as a
weight range limit, equation coefficients to calculate
biomechanical data estimates or to select a footcare product. An
administrator may also download from a network 107 or upload into
the storage device 105 new product lists, inventory 117, video
clips, language templates, etc.
[0058] FIG. 2 illustrates several example foot dimensions. The
example estimated foot dimensions may be calculated based on
pressure measurements taken by the example kiosk described
previously. A foot dimension may be a longitudinal line 200 that
runs from the lateral center of a heel to the lateral center of a
second toe. Foot length 201 may be the distance between the most
posterior point, i.e. the point towards the heel, of the foot 204
and the most anterior point 213, i.e. the point farthest toward the
toes, on the foot pressure map on the longitudinal line. Foot width
202 may be the projection of distance between the most medial point
206 and most lateral point 207 of the foot pressure map, the
projected foot width shown in the figure being perpendicular to the
longitudinal line 200. An arch index is an estimate which may be
used to characterize the arch. An arch index may be defined as the
ratio of the area of the middle third of the toeless footprint to
the total toeless footprint area, known as the foot body. The
division of the three segments is along a line L 205 that is drawn
between the lateral center point of the second toe 211 at the level
of the toe line 203 and the lateral center of the heel 212 on the
level of the most posterior point of the heel 204. The foot is thus
divided into thirds, A 208, B 209, and C 210, with each third being
of length L divided by 3. The Arch Index is equal to the areas of
B/(A+B+C), which is equal to the area of B divided by the Foot Body
Area. It may be appreciated that foot dimensions may be estimated
using alternative methods or based on alternative points of
measurement.
[0059] FIG. 3a illustrates an example of the locations of alignment
marks that are displayed on a pressure mat. When a person stands on
a pressure mat his feet should be located at the approximate angle
of the two feet-shaped outlines 311. An alignment border 310 marks
the furthest posterior boundary capable of receiving measurements.
Internally the sensor array grid may detect features of the foot.
As long as some part of the region of measurement can be taken it
can be determined whether a person being measured is standing
outside the measurement grid. The person would them be instructed
in how to move his feet in order to be within the measurement area.
For example, one way of determining whether a foot is in a
measurement region is to determine whether a part of a foot is on
one side of the measurement grid, e.g., whether measurements can be
taken on the sensor grid outside the measurement grid. Thus, a
measurement grid 312 may be defined within a larger actual sensor
grid 313 array boundary. If sensors detected measurements within
312 and also within 313 near that same area, then the system would
recognize that a foot was outside the boundary and direct the
person to adjust his foot.
[0060] FIG. 3b illustrates measurements that may be derived from
pressure measurements on a pressure mat. In this alternative method
of determining alignment, a person may stand within a designated
area like in FIG. 3a. A longitudinal line 307 may be calculated to
provide prospective of the location of a line connecting the center
of the heel 305 and the center of the second toe 306. The outline
308 of the foot may be the general measurable boundaries for a
person to place his or her foot. The outline may be large enough to
fit a majority of people. For example, in one embodiment, a little
more than 6 inches may be provided for toes. A grid 309 may be
provided in order to provide uniform measurement units and they
may, but need not, be provided to the person standing on the
pressure mat.
[0061] Three Alignment Marks, X 301, Y 302, and Z 303 are
designated across the width of the outline 308. Alignment Mark X
301 may be derived by taking the 100% multiplied by the ratio of
the Average First Metatarsal Length over the Average First Toe
Length. Average lengths may be derived by studying the mean foot
lengths tailored to groups of people based on race, gender, foot
type, or an overall population. Alignment Mark Z 303 may be derived
by taking 100% multiplied by the ratio of the Average Fifth
Metatarsal Length over the Average Fifth Toe Length minus a
predefined number of grids. Alignment Mark Y 302 may be derived by
taking an average length differential between the second and first
metatarsal heads in the longitudinal direction. A generally
hyperbolic fitted curve may be drawn over the three points to
represent a toe line 304. It may be appreciated that the average
lengths may have some variation, and thus, the exact location of
the Alignment Marks may deviate slightly.
[0062] In one embodiment, Alignment Mark X 301 may be estimated to
be 73% of the pressure mat length (=100%*19.29/26.32-38 grids;
19.29=average Canadian first metatarsal length; 26.32=average
Canadian first toe length). Alignment Mark Z 303 may be estimated
to be 64% of the pressure mat length (=100%*16.9/21.69;
16.9=average Canadian fifth metatarsal length; 21.69=average
Canadian fifth toe length). Each grid may be equal to 6.73 mm. One
average length differential between the second and first metatarsal
heads in the longitudinal direction is 3.4 mm while another average
is 3.2 mm. Taking the average of the two averages would derive an
average of 3.35 mm. Assuming an average foot length of 26.32 cm,
the location of the second metatarsal head location may be moved up
by 4.45 mm (=3.35*35/26.32). If each grid is equal to 6.73 mm, the
location of Alignment Mark Y 302 may be moved approximately 2/3 of
the distance of a single grid. The location of center of the heel
305 and the center of the second toe 306 may be derived from
averages, but in this example embodiment, it is defined to be
between the ninth and tenth grid in the lateral direction.
[0063] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of an example procedure for
characterizing a person's feet based on pressure measurements and
selecting a recommended footcare product, according to an example
embodiment of the present invention. The example procedure may be
implemented by a kiosk, such as the example kiosk described in FIG.
1. In 400, the example procedure may be initiated by an
administrator. In 401, an output device may display an attract
screen, e.g., pictures of products that may be sold in a
merchandise display area of an example kiosk, and awaits a person's
input 402. While there is no input, the attract screen may continue
to display footcare products 401 or other images to attract a
person. In an alternative embodiment, a dispensing mechanism may
replace a merchandise display area, and the dispensing mechanism
may automatically, or at the request of the person, begin the
procedure to dispense the recommended footcare product.
Intermittent audio and video clips may accompany the display of the
footcare products.
[0064] When a person responds to the attract screen, e.g. by
touching a touch screen or pressing a start button, the procedure
may indicate that various language options 403 may be available,
e.g., English or Spanish. The person may indicate a language
preference and an error-check may be performed 404. While pressure
measurements are taken, while a person's feet is grouped into a
classified subgroup, or while a recommended footcare product is
being selected, various screens may be displayed. At each of these
screens, errors may occur or the user may voluntarily abort the
procedure. These errors or aborts and the corresponding screen that
it occurred may be tracked, e.g. by storing in the kiosk storage
device or sending over a network to be tracked at a server 106. If
an error or abort occurs, the procedure may restart 405 and return
to its waiting mode by displaying footcare products 401.
[0065] If an error did not occur in 403, at 406, the procedure may
re-display the instructions or display more detailed instructions.
The person may place his feet on the pressure mat, if the person
had not done so already. In 407, the display may provide a person
with feedback, e.g., showing a real-time display of a pressure map
of the person's feet. In 408, a person may be instructed to align
the person's feet, for example using with alignment marks such as
those in FIG. 3b. Alignment marks may be displayed that match the
exact pressure map locations. Alignment marks may include toelines
and longitudinal lines for the left and right foot and may be
illustrated by different zones of color. The center of the heel and
the center of the second toe may automatically be detected. If it
is not, a longitudinal line may be displayed and a person may be
asked to adjust the foot until the feet are aligned with the
longitudinal line. Alternatively, as in FIG. 3a, the user may be
prompted to move his feet within the boundaries as detected by
pressure sensors. The kiosk may determine if the feet are out of
bounds of the pressure mat, whether the person's body weight is out
of a pre-determined range, or whether a person's feet are unshod.
In 409, whether a person has unshod feet while standing on the
pressure mat may be verified.
[0066] In 410, multiple error checks may be performed. Based on
prior determinations, errors are flagged if the issues may not be
resolved. These errors may include: (1) if it cannot be recognized
that a person is standing on the pressure with unshod feet (even if
the person is); (2) if the person is standing out of the bounds of
the pressure mat; (3) if the person has their feet misaligned; or
(4) if the person's weight is not placed evenly on the pressure
mat. Moreover, other error checks may be determined. For example, a
minimum and maximum limit for a person's weight may be determined.
It may be required that a person weigh between 70 and 400 pounds.
It may be appreciated that a weight range may vary and also be
represented in other metrics. As a result of the errors, the
procedure may attempt to re-display the instructions 406 in order
to help the person resolve any issues. The procedure may reach a
threshold where the issues may not be easily resolved and thus
restart the entire procedure 405.
[0067] If there are no errors, the procedure continues to 411. In
411, measurements of the feet may be obtained, e.g. pressure
measurements from an array of pressure sensors. Throughout the
measuring process, the person being measured may abort the
procedure, e.g., by stepping off the pressure mat. The procedure
may be also be aborted if there are problems in the measurement
process, such as by the user shifting his weight unevenly. In 412,
any measuring errors or aborts may be detected. If the issue cannot
be resolved, the procedure may be re-started 405. In 413, based on
the pressure measurements and biomechanical data estimates, a
person may be grouped into a classified subgroup. In 414, a
recommended footcare product is selected for the person based on a
decision matrix or a mapping. For example, a product may be
selected for a person based on physical characteristics such as
arch index, weight, or foot length.
[0068] In one embodiment, the footcare product may be a
pre-manufactured orthotic. In alternative embodiments, the
processor or pressure sensors may be configured to collect pressure
measurements to select another footcare product, e.g. a heel cup, a
pressure pad, etc. The same pressure measurements may be
implemented in the selection and recommendation procedures for
different types of footcare products. However, alternative points
may be taken from a pressure mat to recommend different types of
footcare products. For example, while the same pressure
measurements may be used to recommend an orthotic and a heel cup,
alternative points of measurements concentrated in the heel may be
more accurate to determine a heel cup fit. Both methods may be used
and the processor and pressure sensors need only be configured to
accommodate both footcare products.
[0069] Alternatively, in 414, multiple footcare products may be
selected for a person to choose from. The person may also be
prompted to answer questions providing additional information, for
example, in order to provide the procedure with accuracy factors
that can adjust parameters to search for a more accurate match.
Such accuracy factors may use preferences, types of activities that
the person frequently engages in, the type of shoes that the
footcare product may be used with, gender of the person, etc. in
order to further narrow the list of selected orthotics. Alternative
questions may be asked earlier in the procedure, such as before the
pressure measurements are taken. Alternative factors may change the
recommended footcare product from one type of footcare product to
another, e.g. an orthotic versus a heel cup.
[0070] In 415, several types of information may be displayed, e.g.
to the person using the kiosk described above. Indicia identifying
the model of the recommended footcare product may be displayed.
These indicia may help the person locate a corresponding footcare
product that is located in a merchandise display area. Moreover,
along with the real-time pressure measurements that a person may
already view, a peak pressure map may be displayed to show the
pressure measurements taken by the kiosk. Information regarding any
of the biomechanical data estimates, such as estimated weight, foot
type, or others may also be displayed. Examples of biomechanical
data estimates that may be displayed include foot length, foot
width, body weight, arch index, outline of the foot and toeline, a
longitudinal line (drawn on the peak pressure map), or the
intersection of the longitudinal line and foot body, i.e. the area
of the foot excluding the toes.
[0071] In 416, after the person has completed the measurements and
received information about the recommended footcare product, the
person can choose to restart the process or the person can step off
the measuring device, which would automatically restart the
procedure to display foot care products, in 401, while waiting for
a new person to initiate the procedure.
[0072] If a person were to use the procedure with the example kiosk
of FIG. 1, values may be stored or sent over a network regarding
kiosk transactions that were performed. Examples of kiosk
transaction information that may be stored are the number of times
the kiosk has been used, the number of times the system was used to
completion of selecting a footcare product to a person, if a person
aborted use of the kiosk and at which screen the person was viewing
at the time of aborting, a count of which products have been
recommended, and a total count of persons that used the kiosk and
the time of day that the kiosk was used as well as the length of
time spent using the kiosk per person. If the kiosk is not
activated for a significant period or if the kiosk is scheduled to
operate during only certain times of the day, the last person may
be measured and the kiosk may automatically shutdown or go to sleep
in 417.
[0073] Measurements of a person's foot vary significantly if the
foot is not unshod. Accordingly procedures may be provided to
automatically detect whether a footwear is worn by a person whose
foot is being measured. FIG. 5 illustrates an example pressure map
showing foot dimensions that may be used to determine if a foot on
a sensor is unshod, according to an example embodiment of the
present invention. The pressure map may be generated after
collecting a static pressure for a prescribed period of time, for
example, 2 seconds. On the pressure map, a longitudinal line 500
connects the lateral center of the heel 502 and the lateral center
of the second toe 501. The center of the heel and the center of the
second toe (and any other point of interest) may be determined by
comparing the measured foot profile with general foot templates.
Generalized foot templates may be created by taking samples of
actual feet measurements or averaging many foot types. Based on the
pressure map, a geometric center of the feet may be determined. The
general foot templates may expand or shrink depending on the size
or length of the foot and the general foot template may be compared
to that of the pressure map outline using the geometric center as a
reference point. A matching method, such as best fit, may then be
used to determine the most comparable general foot template. Using
the most comparable general foot template, all other points of the
foot may be estimated, including the center of the heel and center
of the second toe.
[0074] For the purpose of clarity and explanation, in FIG. 5, the
most anterior point and the most posterior point along the
longitudinal line are projected out as the most posterior point
line 503 and the most anterior point line 504, which are
perpendicular to the longitudinal line. The projection of the line
between the most posterior point and most anterior point is the
Foot Length (FL) line 505, which is equal to the distance between
the most posterior point and the most anterior point. Three points
are identified along the longitudinal line measured in relation to
the foot length. These are point A 506, measured at 16% of the FL
line 505 from the posterior end, point B 507, measured at 50% of
the FL line 505 from the posterior end, and point C 508, measured
at 75% of the FL line from the posterior end. It may be appreciated
that these points may vary, and these points may derived from trial
runs on the feet of approximately 30 test subjects.
[0075] Line A 509, is perpendicular to the longitudinal line and is
drawn through point A 506. Line A 509 intersects with the
boundaries of the pressure map, and the length of Line A 509 may be
truncated within the outline of the pressure map. The outline of
the pressure map indicates the outermost pressure points that are
reflected in a real-time pressure measurement. The length of Line A
509 represents the Heel Width (HW). Line B 510, is perpendicular to
the longitudinal line and is drawn through point B 507. Line B 510
intersects with the boundaries of the pressure map in the midfoot
area and the length is truncated within the outline of the pressure
map. The length of Line B 510 represents an estimate of the Arch
Width (AW). Line C 511, is perpendicular to the longitudinal line
and is drawn through point C 508. The widest points between Line B
510 and Line C 511 are projected out as lines, parallel to the
foot, on the medial side 512 and the lateral side 513. The longest
width of the pressure map between Line B 510 and Line C 511, i.e.
the distance between lines 512 and 513, represents an estimate of
the Forefoot Width (FW).
[0076] FIG. 6 illustrates an example procedure using foot
dimensions from FIG. 5 to determine whether an unshod foot is on a
pressure mat, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention. In 600, a pressure map may be generated at the start of
the unshod foot detection. As explained previously, the pressure
map may be generated from collecting a static pressure for a
prescribed period of time. In 601, the longitudinal line 500 is
identified. In 602, key points are identified, in particular point
A 506, point B 507, and point C 508. In 603, the estimated Heel
Width may be determined, as explained in FIG. 5 relating to
deriving Line A 509. In 604, the estimated Arch Width may be
determined, as explained in FIG. 5 relating to deriving Line B 510.
In 605, if there is no intersection with the pressure map, then in
607, the Arch Width is assigned a pre-determined number, e.g. some
constant that is not zero to avoid the situation where a number
could be divided by zero. If the Arch Width does have a value, then
in 606, the Arch Width is assigned that value. In 608, the Forefoot
Width may be determined, as explained in FIG. 5 relating to
deriving Line C 511. In 609, the values previously recorded are
compared with pre-determined values. The pre-determined values can
be derived by recording and comparing values of actual test
subjects wearing shoes and comparing them to measurements while
standing unshod. For both feet, an example condition is:
(FL/HW.gtoreq.FL_low) & (FL/HW.ltoreq.FL_high) &
(FW/HW.gtoreq.FW_limit) & (AW/HW.gtoreq.AW_limit)
In this example, FL_low=3.5; FL_high=6.0; FW_limit=1.2;
AW_limit=0.1.
[0077] In 610, after the condition is determined, if the condition
is "true" then, in 611, the person is recognized as being unshod.
If the condition is false, then in 612, the user is recognized as
wearing shoes. It may be appreciated that values can be added to
the condition range to have the option to determine if a person is
wearing socks. The procedure to determine if an unshod foot is on a
pressure sensor ends in 613.
[0078] The target ratios and constant values may be derived by
comparing the ratios to actual test subjects and calculating
whether the ratios and constants match, on average, the ratios for
those test subjects. However, it the ratios may also be altered by
adjusting the point of Line A 509, Line B 510, or Line C 511 on
varying degrees along the foot length line. The locations of these
varying lines are derived from testing multiple subjects and
calculating ranges with the least errors. Alternative measurements
may allow the lines to vary or in fact to add further lines. For
example, a Line D may be added between Line A 509 and Line B.
Ratios of Line D compared to the other widths and lengths may also
create a new constant with which to compare the ratio. This new
constant may be a floor or minimum or a ceiling or maximum constant
when compared to the ratio of Line D to a measurement of the
length, width, arch width, some other newly derived line, etc.
[0079] FIG. 7 illustrates an example procedure to take pressure
measurements to calculate biomechanical data estimates, such as
those in FIG. 2, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention. In 700, the procedure may begin after a person's feet
are on pressure measurement sensors. At the start, various other
checks may also be performed to interact with a person that is
being measured. For example, an output may display a real-time
pressure map as soon as a person steps on a pressure mat; a person
may be prompted to remove their shoes and step on the pressure mat
at designated areas on the pressure mat with their weight balanced
between the left and right, front and back; the person may be
prompted to indicate whether or not the person is ready for
measurement, such as by clicking on a "Start" button. Several error
checks may have been performed at the pressure measurement
collection time, such as to determine whether an unshod foot is
actually on the sensor as in FIG. 6, or whether there are other
errors with foot alignment, weight, etc. as in 408 or 410 in FIG.
4.
[0080] In 701, a target zone may be defined. The target zone may be
the geometric center of the pressure print of both feet, but may
also be another geometric pressure point of reference. In
determining the target zone, the target zone may be shifted 10%
distally to force the user to lean forward slight, and
consequentially, allow the person's toes to have direct contact
with the pressure mat. In 702, a person may be prompted to match
the person's center of force (COF) into the target zone. The center
of force may be determined by calculating the moment of torque for
each sensor point and taking the centroid weighted by the force at
each point to create an overall representation of the force of both
magnitude and location of the various forces. The center of force
may be used to indicate the body's center of gravity.
[0081] In 703, if the length of the foot pressure map changes by
more than 15 mm, approximately a 2 sensel element difference, 701
is repeated and the target zone may be re-calculated and displayed
to the person on an output device. The length of pressure map
change that would trigger a re-calculation of defining a target
zone may depend on the use of the measurement. A 15 mm threshold is
approximately 2 shoe sizes and may justify a re-calculation. The
person may be prompted to continue to match the person's COF into
the new target zone. If in 703, there is no significant increase of
foot pressure length, the initial target zone may not be
re-calculated. In 704, the final target zone may be located at a
fixed location unless the person moves or lifts his feet. In
alternative embodiments, the target zone may also be determined
dynamically, wherein the COF matches a dynamic target zone, which
may be defined as the center of area.
[0082] In 705, a static pressure measurement may be initiated.
Frames may be collected at different rates. Pressure data may be
collected at a rate of 10 frames per second. While frames are
taken, the target zone may be displayed on an output device. In
706, frames of pressure data may be collected. Depending on the
desired accuracy of pressure measurements, a minimum number of
frames may be needed, such as 20 frames of pressure data. Twenty
frames of pressure data at 10 frames per second may require a
person to hold a target zone for 2 seconds.
[0083] Among the frames collected, some of the frames may have be
poor. Some frames may be eliminated for use through a qualifying
process. The qualifying process may use any number of different
methods. For example, the method described in FIG. 6 for
determining whether a foot is unshod may also be used to determine
whether a frame is a qualifying frame. If a foot is determined to
be unshod, the frame would be qualified. If the frame would not be
qualified as unshod, it is likely that the collected frame was poor
or that there was an error and would thus be eliminated. Another
example method may be to determine whether the balance of weight
between the front and back and the sides are properly distributed
based on the COF.
[0084] In 707, based on the pressure measurements taken, a static
foot outline (SFO) may be derived from the pressure measurements.
In 708, after static pressure measurements have been taken, the
person may be informed that the static pressure measurement has
been completed.
[0085] In 709, the quasi-dynamic pressure measurement process may
commence. Generally, dynamic measurements are taken during
ambulation in order to determine pressure on various parts of the
person based on his or her gait. However, a quasi-dynamic process
estimates the types of pressures created without a need for
ambulation. Rather, a quasi-dynamic process may allow for pressure
measurements to be taken while a person is standing on one foot in
order to simulate pressure that may be generated during
ambulation.
[0086] In 710, the person may be prompted to hold a balance, such
as by holding a balance bar or to keep their balance on their own,
and then to gently and slowly lift one foot while balancing and
standing on a first planting foot. In 711, a target zone may be
defined for the first planting foot based in part on the static
foot outline previously determined in 707. The location of the
target zone may be slightly modified according to the one-foot
pressure map. The user may be prompted to match the target zone for
the first planting foot.
[0087] In 712, the biomechanical status of the person may be
monitored and different triggers for pressure frame collection may
be implemented. For example, one trigger to start collecting
pressure frames may be when the COF enters the target zone and is
stable for a short pre-defined period, such as one second. Again
varying number of frames may be collected; for example, 20 frames
at 10 frames per second may be collected. An alternative trigger
may be to collect frames when the load on the planting foot reaches
90% bodyweight. It may be appreciated that variations and
combinations of biomechanical status may trigger the collection of
frames. For example, frame collection may be triggered when a
person's COF matches the target zone and at least 95% of static
weight is achieved. In 713, once the measurement collection is
completed, a person may be instructed place replace the raised foot
back onto the pressure mat.
[0088] In 714, if both feet have been measured individually,
parameters may be calculated in 715. If not, 710 to 713 may be
repeated to collect frames for the second planting foot. The order
of the frame collection of the individually feet may be altered.
During the second round of 710, when measuring the second planting
foot, the SFO may need to be rotated to match the pressure print of
the second planting foot. In 711, a new target zone may also be
defined based on the SFO. The location may also be slightly
modified according to the one-foot pressure map.
[0089] In 715, based on the static or quasi-dynamic pressure
measurements from the collected frames, biomechanical data
estimates of the foot may be calculated. Only the qualifying frames
are used to calculate biomechanical data estimates. Determining
qualifying frames may involve methods previously mentioned, such as
using the method of determining whether a foot is unshod. The
qualifying process is generally performed before the biomechanical
data estimate calculations are performed because otherwise the
processing would be wasted if a frame were discarded in the
qualifying process. Nevertheless, the order of qualifying and
calculating biomechanical data estimates may be altered. For
example, qualifying may be done for all frames and then
calculations of biomechanical data estimates may be done for
remaining frames, or vice versa. Alternatively, the combination of
the qualifying process and calculation of biomechanical data
estimate may be done for each frame at a time.
[0090] Using FIG. 2 as a reference for the calculation of
biomechanical data estimates, a foot length 201 may be determined
by searching along the longitudinal axis and determining the lowest
and highest points. The distance between the most posterior point
of the heel 204 and the most anterior point 213 may be calculated
as the foot length 201. A general foot profile may be used to match
the pressure map, similar to the methods described in FIG. 5. A
lateral center point of the second toe 211 and a lateral center of
the heel 212 may be derived from the foot template and a
longitudinal line may be derived which is a line between the two
points. The longitudinal line becomes the axis of the searching
direction. Using the pressure maps, the toe line 203 may be
determined by searching for the peaks and valleys of pressure. For
example, the big toe is known to have a large peak in pressure and
valleys in pressure exist between the toes. The distance between
the toe line 203 and the most posterior point of the heel 204 is
the distance of line L 205. The total area of the foot within line
L of the foot is the foot body, consisting of the sums of the areas
of sections A 208, B 209, and C 210. Based on the location of
pressure, the area of A 208, B 209, and C 210 may be calculated.
The Arch Index is equal to B divided by the area of the foot body.
The arch index of a person's foot may then be the average arch
index of all the qualified frames for each foot.
[0091] The biomechanical data estimates may include foot
dimensions, estimated foot type, and estimated body weight. For
example, biomechanical data estimates that may be calculated may
include peak pressure maps of both static and quasi-dynamic
pressure, an artificial double-footed peak pressure map derived
from the combined left and right foot quasi-dynamic foot pressure
measurements, foot length, foot width, body weight, a longitudinal
line, an arch index, etc. The biomechanical data estimates may be
stored in the kiosk storage area or sent over a network to be
stored. Demographic information, for example, information relating
a user id number associated with corresponding biomechanical data
estimates and a recommended footcare product, may be stored in a
storage device or relayed over a network for storage in a central
database or server.
[0092] FIG. 8a illustrates an example decision matrix, according to
an example embodiment of the present invention. A decision matrix
module is used to correlate classified subgroups with a footcare
product model. The decision may, in part, be derived from the
various footcare products available, and may thus vary based on the
product specification list that is stored in the storage area. The
classified subgroups may be based on biomechanical data estimates
or directly on the pressure measurements themselves. Another
example of selecting a footcare product is a mapping between a
classified subgroup and footcare products.
[0093] A set of 14 pre-manufactured orthotics may be provided as
described in concurrently filed application titled, "Cushioned
Orthotic", filed U.S. application Ser. No. 11/524,979 filed Sep.
21, 2006, assigned to MSD Consumer Care, Inc. the assignee of the
present application. These orthotics include 4 lengths/size, 2
different levels of arch support and 2 different levels of
cushioning. However, only one level of cushioning is provided for
the largest size. This may be because people of the largest size
feet require the maximal cushioning.
[0094] The particular matrix in FIG. 8a is divided into bands and
indexed by weight of the person and arch index. The bands represent
the foot length of the person. For example, in the example matrix
there are four bands: Band A 850 for foot lengths below 244 mm,
Band B for foot lengths greater than and including 244 and less
than 255 mm, Band C for foot lengths greater than 255 mm and less
than 270 mm, and Band D for foot lengths greater than and equal to
270 mm. Each band contains a cross-reference between a weight and
an arch index.
[0095] In the example matrix the weights are divided between low
weight and high weight, although with more product models and
weights tested the weight categories within a band may increase.
The dividing weight between low and high weight is the median
weight. The determination of the median weight is the median weight
that is expected for people of a particular foot length. The type
of support may require more cushioning for people of a certain foot
length but heavier than the median weight for that foot length. The
median weight would thus vary between the different bands. As foot
length increased, a median weight would also be expected to
increase.
[0096] In the example matrix the arch index is divided between low,
medium or normal, and high, although with more product models the
arch index may increase in categories. The low arch index range 853
may be defined as greater than 0.257. The medium arch index range
859 may be greater than 0.173 and less than or equal to 0.257. The
high arch index range 860 may be less than or equal to 0.173. In
these examples, there is an inverse relationship between the arch
index and the arch, e.g., the higher the arch index the lower the
arch. It is possible for the foot care products to be sold
individually for the left and the right foot because it is possible
that the right and the left foot will have differing arch indexes.
Presumably, the foot length and body weight will not differ. If the
footcare product were only sold in pairs, then the low or high arch
index would dominate over the medium/normal arch index. For
example, if the right foot was a high arch index and the left foot
was a normal arch index, the selected model would be for the high
arch index. Between the high arch index and the low arch index the
more conservative product may be selected, e.g. the medium arch
index may be selected.
[0097] Using the foot length, arch index, and weight of a person a
product model may be selected and then recommended to that person.
For example, if a person had a foot length of 220 mm, weighed 120
pounds, and an arch index of 0.261. A length of 220 mm would mean
the person would fall within Band A 850. Band A 850 has a median
weight 855 of 135 pounds, thus a person weighing 120 pounds would
be classified in the low weight 851. An arch index of 0.261 would
place the person in the low arch 854 of Band A. A low arch 854
within Band A 850 of low weight 851 would recommend "Product 1"
856. As another example, suppose a person had a foot length of 220
mm, weighed 150 pounds, and had an arch index of 0.205. The foot
length as before would fall into Band A 850. Band A 850 has a
median weight 855 of 135 pounds, thus a person of 150 pounds would
be classified in the high weight 852. An arch index of 0.205 would
place the person in the medium or normal arch 858 of Band A. A
medium arch 858 within Band A 850 of high weight 852 would
recommend "Product 4" 857.
[0098] It may be appreciated that while this decision matrix is
displayed in this example as a spreadsheet, the organization of the
products and biomechanical data estimates may be organized,
searched, and accessed in the kiosk storage using other methods,
such as an array, linked list, database table, etc.
[0099] FIG. 8b illustrates an example procedure for selecting a
footcare product from a decision matrix, such as in FIG. 8a, based
on pressure measurements, according to an example embodiment of the
present invention. The procedure may be used in selecting a
recommended footcare product 414 as in FIG. 4. In 800, when the
procedure has started, the person's weight, arch index, and foot
length will have already been determined, from the pressure
measurements, the scale, or the person's input. In 801, the person
is classified into a Band. In 802, if the person's foot length is
less than 244 mm the person is classified into Band A in 806. If
not, in 803, if the person's foot length is greater than or equal
to 244 mm or less than 255 mm the person is classified into Band B
in 807. If not, in 804, if the person's foot length is greater than
or equal to 255 mm or less than 270 mm the person is classified
into Band C in 808. If not, in 805, if the person's foot length is
greater than or equal to 270 mm the person is classified into Band
D in 809.
[0100] After the Band is determined, in 810 the person's arch index
may be cross-referenced with an arch index range. In 811, if the
person's arch index is greater than 0.257, the person is classified
as having a low arch in 814. If not, in 812, if the arch index is
greater than 0.173 or less than or equal to 0.257, the person is
classified as having a medium arch in 815. If not, in 813, if the
arch index is less than or equal to 0.173, the person is classified
as having a high arch in 816.
[0101] After the person is classified into a Band and Arch Index,
in 817 the person is classified into a weight range. In 818, if the
person's weight is less than the median weight, the person is into
a low weight for the particular band 820. If not, in 819, and by
default, if the person's weight is greater than or equal to the
median weight, the person is classified into a high weight for the
particular band 821. As in FIG. 8a, the median weight may vary
depending on the particular band. The order of the designation of
the arch index range, weight range, and Band may also vary. For
example, depending on how the data is stored or how the software is
written, the weight range may be determined before arch index
range. After a person is classified based on selection criteria,
the selection criteria may be cross-referenced in 822 to determine
the recommended product model. This product model is returned in
823 to be recommended to the person.
[0102] FIG. 9a illustrates an example kiosk selecting
pre-manufactured orthotics, according to an example embodiment of
the present invention. A pressure mat 900 which may be removably
attached to the kiosk is located on the bottom of the kiosk. On the
surface 904 of the pressure mat 900, alignment marks may be
displayed that match the exact pressure map locations. The foam
template mat may overlay the pressure sensors in order to guide a
person using the kiosk in the placement of the person's feet, and
the entire pressure sensor and foam template mat combination may
form a pressure mat 900. A set of candidate footcare products, in
this example orthotics, may be displayed on or near the kiosk in a
merchandise display area 901 located on the sides of the kiosk,
e.g. stored in clear plastic shelves that allow removal. Other
forms of removable attachments may be used to display products. It
may be appreciated that the merchandise display area may be located
on the kiosk or near the kiosk. Alternatively, footcare products
may be dispensed like that of a vending machine. Handlebars 903
which a person may use to balance while standing on one foot during
a pressure measurement procedure may be vertical bars, but in
alternative kiosks, handlebars 903 may be located on the sides. An
output device 902, such as a touch screen device, may be located at
eye-level or where a person standing on the pressure mat 900 may
easily access and view the touch screen.
[0103] FIG. 9b illustrates an example internal structure of a
pressure pad, such as the pressure pad 900 in FIG. 9a, according to
an example embodiment of the present invention. A sensor grid array
for the left foot 906 and right foot 907 is separated 908 by 10 cm
at the lower-right corner of the left foot sensor grid 906 and the
lower-left corner of the right foot sensor grid 907. The angle of
separation 905 between the two sensor grids is 17.5 degrees. The
layout of the grid is developed for the comfort of the user and is
not necessary for measurement. The pressure pad also contains a
handle 909. The pressure pad itself is sloped upward at an angle
where the point at 915 is at a vertical height lower than the point
at 916. The reason for this is because people naturally tend to
stand without as much pressure on their toes, and the angle forces
the person to create a pressure image. The actual degree of the
slope may vary, but a lean of approximately 10% is recommended. The
importance of the sensors receiving proper contact from the toes is
to ensure a proper reading of the foot length. The width 916 of the
pressure mat may be 24 inches and the length 917 is 21.5
inches.
[0104] FIG. 9c illustrates an example layer-by-layer internal
structure of a pressure pad, such as the pressure pad 900 in FIGS.
9a and 9b, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention. The first layer 909 is the top of the pressure mat and
contains an image of the foot outline and boundaries of the foot
measurement area, as viewable by a person using the pressure mat.
This is also the layer that is in direct contact with the person's
feet. The second layer 910 may be a foam sheet that may provide
padding for the feet. A third layer 911 may be a teflon sheet, or
other non-conductive material. A fourth layer 912 may be the sensor
mat containing pressure sensors. Extending from the sensor mat may
be a set of leads 915 attached to a handle 914. The bottom layer
913 hard layer supporting the pressure mat and may be made of
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (abs). The various layers of the
pressure mat may be altered, either in order or in material,
depending on various factors, such as the sensitivity of the
pressure, comfort level, or height of the pressure mat.
[0105] FIGS. 10 through 20 illustrate example screens that may be
displayed on an output device while performing the example
procedures of FIGS. 4, 7, and 8b, according to an example
embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10a illustrates an
example screen that may display footcare products, according to
example 401 in FIG. 4, while the system is not in use, according to
an example embodiment of the present invention. An example image
1000 of a footcare product, e.g. a cushion orthotic, in the set of
available footcare products may be displayed. Alternatively, a
video clip or a rotating image of the product may be displayed.
Audio may also be provided along with the image or video.
Descriptions 1002 of the displayed footcare product may also
accompany the video or image 1000. An instruction 1001 to initiate
the kiosk may be displayed as well, e.g. a button reading "Touch
Screen to Begin." FIG. 10b illustrates an example screen that may
display a footcare product and its various components, according to
an example embodiment of the present invention. For example, a
cover layer 1003, cushioning layers 1004 and 1005, and a bottom
shell layer 1006 of a footcare product, like that shown in FIG.
10a, may be displayed on a page with an instruction 1001 to
initiate the kiosk.
[0106] FIG. 11 illustrates any number of example screens that
display information, instructions, or that provide a language
option, according to examples 403 and 406 in FIG. 4, according to
an example embodiment of the present invention. For example, a
title 1100, which may contain the name of the system or the name or
trademark of the company employing the kiosk, may be listed on the
screen. Instructions 1102 on how to generally use the kiosk may
also be displayed. A language option may be presented, e.g. the
user may choose English language 1101 or Spanish language 1103
instructions. Alternatively, a "switch to Spanish" option may be
displayed where the default may be English language instructions,
or vice versa. It may be appreciated that other languages may be
accommodated by adding language files to the kiosk.
[0107] FIG. 12 illustrates an example instruction screen directing
a person to take off his or her shoes, according to an example
embodiment of the present invention. The screen may show a
real-time pressure map 1200 of the person's feet. Instructions 1201
may be displayed on another side of the screen. At the direction of
the instruction screen, a person may take off his shoes and step
back onto the pressure mat. An error check may be performed using a
procedure to determine whether an unshod foot is on the pressure
mat, such as the example procedure of FIG. 7. Moreover, error
checks may be performed, such as those described in 410 of FIG. 4.
Subsequent error checks may be performed on any subsequent screens
as well. If an error is detected, the person may be prompted to
restart the procedure, or further instructions or more detailed
instructions may be displayed to help the person rectify any
errors.
[0108] FIG. 13a illustrates an example screen that may be displayed
to a person to help achieve proper foot alignment and weight
distribution, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention. Foot alignment may be determined according to analysis
of foot measurements, e.g. analysis of foot pressure measurements
as described above in example 408 in FIG. 4. A person may be asked
to position his or her toes at a line 1300, and a corresponding
line may also appear on the pressure mat to guide the person to
stand in the appropriate position. A target Center of Force 1303
and a current Center of Force 1304 oval may be displayed on the
screen. Further instruction may request that the person balance his
or her weight evenly on both feet by aligning two displayed ovals
1301 (in alternative embodiments circles or other shapes may be
displayed). As the person shifts his or her weight, the COF is
recalculated and the COF oval moves on the screen. While the weight
is unbalanced, the person may be unable to proceed to the next step
because a "proceed" button 1302 may not be active.
[0109] FIG. 13b illustrates an alternative example screen that may
be displayed to a person to help achieve proper foot alignment and
weight distribution, according to an example embodiment of the
present invention. Alignment marks in the anterior of the feet may
be replicated on the screen as the anterior limit 1308 of the
measurement boundary. A foot pressure gauge 1307 may be displayed
to allow the user to interpret the pressure results. The person may
be instructed 1309 to move a yellow circle 1306 into a red target
circle 1305, similar to the example in FIG. 13a where a person may
be asked to move a current COF to a target COF.
[0110] FIG. 14 illustrates an example screen that may be displayed
to a person when the person has his or her weight balanced on both
feet, according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
An active "proceed" button 1400 may be highlighted as active after
the weight is balanced. This may be indicated if the Current COF
and Target COF oval become an overlapping balanced COF 1401.
Measurements may be obtained, for example, in a procedure described
in 411 of FIG. 4, or illustrated in more detail in 705 to 708 of
FIG. 7.
[0111] FIG. 15 illustrates an example screen containing
instructions that may be displayed to a person regarding taking
quasi-dynamic foot measurements, e.g. pressure measurements of the
person while the person stands on the left foot, according to an
example embodiment of the present invention. Instructions 1500 may
be displayed in one section and various steps may be highlighted as
they are performed. A first instruction 1502 may request that the
person place his or her hands on a bar for balance and safety
purposes. The person may hold onto bars, such as those of 903 of
the example kiosk illustrated in FIG. 9. The bars may contains
sensors that may register contact in order for a kiosk to determine
when this step has been performed. A second instruction 1503 may
instruct the person to slowly raise the right foot completely off
the pressure mat. A third instruction 1504 may instruct the person
to balance his or her weight on the remaining left foot, in this
case the first planting foot. These three instructions may be
implemented according to example 707 to 709 of FIG. 7. Pressure
measurements may be taken while the person is standing on the left
foot. While pressure measurements are collected, a pressure map of
the first planting foot 1501, in this case the left foot, may be
displayed on the screen.
[0112] FIG. 16a illustrates an example screen that may be displayed
after measurements of a single planting foot are taken, according
to an example embodiment of the present invention. An instruction
1600 may be highlighted after measurements have been taken to
indicate that the person's foot may be placed back onto the
pressure mat. When the person's foot is detected on the pressure
mat, the real-time pressure map 1602 may display the foot that was
previously lifted off the mat, in this example the right foot. This
may be done according to example 710 in FIG. 7. When measurements
are completed and the foot is replaced, a "proceed" button 1601 may
be activated to indicate to a person that the measurements of the
left foot were taken.
[0113] FIG. 16b illustrates an alternative example screen that may
be displayed after measurements of a single planting foot are
taken, according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
In the example screen, after the foot is placed back on the mat the
person may be prompted for a weight input 1603 asking whether the
person weighs less than a pre-defined weight. The pre-defined
weight may be derived from a median weight of a particular band,
for example, of a band as shown in FIG. 8a. The screen at which the
user is asked to input weight may be displayed at any point of the
measurement process. For example, the prompt for a weight input may
be shown after both feet have been measured individually, before
any feet have been measured, etc. Alternatively, the prompt may not
be displayed at all if the pressure measurements are deemed
accurate enough to calculate the weight, or if an optional scale is
used to verify the pressure measurement's weight calculation.
[0114] FIG. 17a illustrates an example screen containing
instructions that may be displayed to a person regarding taking
pressure measurements of the person while the person stands on the
right foot, according to an example embodiment of the present
invention. Instructions 1700 may be displayed in one section and
various steps may be highlighted as they are performed. A first
instruction 1702 may request that the person place his or her hands
on a bar for balance and safety purposes. The person may hold onto
bars, such as those of 903 of the example kiosk illustrated in FIG.
9. The bars may contains sensors that may register contact in order
for a kiosk to determine when this step has been performed. A
second instruction 1703 may instruct the person to slowly raise the
right foot completely off the pressure mat. A third instruction
1704 may instruct the person to balance his or her weight on the
remaining right foot, in this case the planting foot, by aligning
the ovals, for example, a current COF oval 1706 with that of a
target COF oval 1705. These three instructions may be implemented
through the repeated 707 to 709 of FIG. 7. Foot measurements, e.g.
pressure measurements, may be taken while the person is standing on
the right foot, in this example the second planting foot. While
measurements are collected, a pressure map of the second planting
foot 1701, in this case the right foot, may be displayed on the
screen. It will be appreciated that foot order may be reversed, or
only one foot might be measured.
[0115] FIG. 17b illustrates an alternative example screen
containing instructions that may be displayed to a person regarding
taking pressure measurements of the person while the person stands
on the right foot, according to an example embodiment of the
present invention. Instructions for measuring on one foot 1712 may
be displayed and highlighted. The person may be instructed to move
a yellow circle 1710 into a red circle 1711 in order to balance the
COF.
[0116] FIG. 18 illustrates an example screen that may be displayed
after measurements of a single planting foot are taken, according
to an example embodiment of the present invention. This screen is
similar to FIG. 16, although the instruction to replace the foot
onto the pressure map may be integrated with an activated button
1800 instructing the person that he or she may proceed. This may be
done according to example 710 in FIG. 7. A real-time pressure map
1801 of the feet may be displayed on the screen as the raised foot
is placed back onto the pressure mat. When measurements have been
completed and the person is ready to proceed, as indicated in
pressing 1800, biomechanical data estimates may be calculated
behind-the-scenes according to example 712 in FIG. 7.
[0117] FIG. 19 illustrates an example screen that may display a
selected recommended footcare product, in this example, an
orthotic. An image 1900 of the footcare product may be displayed
that a person may use to recognize the footcare product displayed
in the merchandise display area, like that of 901 of FIG. 9. It may
be appreciated that other indicia identifying a recommended
footcare product may also be displayed, such as a rotating image,
or an image that a person may manipulate through a touch screen, or
a video clip containing an audio description, etc. It may be
advantageous to color code various products so that a customer can
more easily locate a recommended product.
[0118] FIG. 20 illustrates an example screen displaying other
information that may be displayed to a person, according to an
example embodiment of the present invention. For example, the
screen may display further indicia of the recommended footcare
product that was selected, such as a model number 2000. The
packaging 2002 of the footcare product as it would appear on a
merchandise display area 901, such as that of FIG. 9a, may also be
displayed. A restart button 2001, in order to restart the selection
process according to example 414 in FIG. 4, may be displayed to
allow a person to restart the selection process, or so that another
person waiting to use the kiosk may immediately start the process.
Other information may also be displayed on the final screen, for
example, any of the prior calculated biomechanical data estimates
or pressure maps may be displayed. The person may be able to
maneuver through various pages to view the person's own
biomechanical data estimates.
[0119] In alternative embodiments, when the selection process is
complete, the kiosk may display several recommended footcare
products. The person may then, from these few selected footcare
products, narrow the range of products down, either by eliminating
the choices directly, or by answering a set of questions, such as
comfort preferences, activities typically engaged in by the person,
the particular activity that the footcare product may be used with,
the type of shoe that the person may wear, or the type of socks
that are worn. The footcare products may also be different types of
products from which the user can choose. For example, the kiosk may
display an assortment of orthotics and heel cups. In alternative
embodiments, these preference choices may be asked prior to the
last page and the kiosk may automatically eliminate choices for the
person.
[0120] Several example embodiments of the present invention are
specifically illustrated and described herein. However, it will be
appreciated that modifications and variations of the present
invention are covered by the above teachings and within the purview
of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and
intended scope of the invention.
* * * * *