U.S. patent application number 13/411992 was filed with the patent office on 2012-06-28 for shampoo containing a gel network and a non-guar galactomannan polymer derivative.
Invention is credited to Sarah Elizabeth COOPER, Benjamin Parker HEATH, Jennifer Elaine HILVERT, Eric Scott JOHNSON.
Application Number | 20120164198 13/411992 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46205986 |
Filed Date | 2012-06-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120164198 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
JOHNSON; Eric Scott ; et
al. |
June 28, 2012 |
Shampoo Containing a Gel Network and a Non-Guar Galactomannan
Polymer Derivative
Abstract
Shampoo compositions comprise (a) from about 5% to about 50% of
one or more detersive surfactants; (b) a dispersed gel network
phase comprising: (i) at least about 0.05% of one or more fatty
amphiphiles; (ii) at least about 0.01% of one or more secondary
surfactants; and (iii) water; (c) at least about 0.05% of a
galactomannan polymer derivative with a net positive charge and
having a mannose to galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a
monomer to monomer basis, wherein the galactomannan polymer
derivative has: (i) a molecular weight from about 1,000 to about
10,000,000; and (ii) a cationic charge density from about 0.7 meq/g
to about 7 meq/g; and (d) at least about 20% of an aqueous carrier;
all by weight of the shampoo composition.
Inventors: |
JOHNSON; Eric Scott;
(Hamilton, OH) ; HILVERT; Jennifer Elaine;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; HEATH; Benjamin Parker;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; COOPER; Sarah Elizabeth;
(Cincinnati, OH) |
Family ID: |
46205986 |
Appl. No.: |
13/411992 |
Filed: |
March 5, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11475485 |
Jun 27, 2006 |
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13411992 |
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11228770 |
Sep 16, 2005 |
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11475485 |
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10454433 |
Jun 4, 2003 |
7303744 |
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11228770 |
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60385641 |
Jun 4, 2002 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/401 ;
424/70.12; 977/773; 977/788; 977/926 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/89 20130101; A61K
8/463 20130101; A61K 2800/5426 20130101; A61K 8/34 20130101; A61K
8/042 20130101; A61K 8/891 20130101; A61K 8/41 20130101; A61K 8/737
20130101; A61K 8/0295 20130101; A61K 8/342 20130101; A61Q 5/02
20130101; A61K 8/44 20130101; A61K 8/375 20130101; A61K 8/416
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/401 ;
424/70.12; 977/773; 977/926; 977/788 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/04 20060101
A61K008/04; A61Q 5/12 20060101 A61Q005/12; A61K 8/92 20060101
A61K008/92 |
Claims
1. A shampoo composition comprising: a. a detersive surfactant
system comprising: i. from about 9% to about 17% of one or more
sodium lauryl sulfate surfactants wherein said one or more sodium
lauryl sulfate surfactants comprises about 3.9% of sodium laureth-N
sulfate having N>1, by weight of said shampoo composition; ii.
about 2% of a co-surfactant, by weight of said shampoo composition;
b. a dispersed gel network phase comprising: i. at least 0.05% of
one or more fatty alcohols, by weight of said shampoo composition;
ii. at least 0.01% of one or more secondary surfactants by weight
of said shampoo composition selected from the group consisting of
anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants
and mixtures thereof; and iii. water; c. at least about 0.05%, by
weight of the shampoo composition, of a cationic deposition aid,
wherein the cationic deposition aid has: i) a molecular weight from
about 10,000 to about 10,000,000; and ii) a cationic charge density
from about 0.9 meq/g to about 7 meq/g; d. from about 0.01% to about
10% by weight of the composition of a silicone conditioning agent;
and e. at least about 20% of an aqueous carrier, by weight of said
shampoo composition; wherein said shampoo composition has a peak
melt transition temperature of at least about 27.degree. C.
2. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said
dispersed gel network phase is present in an amount from about 1%
to about 60%, by weight of said shampoo composition.
3. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said
dispersed gel network phase has a scale size as measured in said
shampoo composition from about 10 nm to about 500 nm.
4. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said
dispersed gel network phase has a scale size as measured in said
shampoo composition from about 0.5 .mu.m to about 10 .mu.m.
5. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said
dispersed gel network phase has a scale size as measured in said
shampoo composition from about 10 .mu.m to about 150 .mu.m.
6. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said
cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of
cetrimonium chloride, stearimonium chloride, behentrimonium
chloride, behentrimonium methosulfate, behenamidopropyltrimonium
methosulfate, stearamidopropyltrimonium chloride, arachidtrimonium
chloride, distearyldimonium chloride, dicetyldimonium chloride,
tricetylmonium chloride, oleamidopropyl dimethylamine,
linoleamidopropyl dimethylamine, isostearamidopropyl dimethylamine,
oleyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, stearamidopropyldimethylamine,
behenamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldiethylamine,
behenamidoethyldiethyl-amine, behenamidoethyldimethylamine,
arachidamidopropyldimethylamine, arachidamido-propyidiethylamine,
arachidamidoethyidiethylamine, arachidamidoethyidimethylamine, and
mixtures thereof.
7. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said anionic
surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauryl
sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate,
triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate,
triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate,
monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate,
diethanolamine laureth sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodium
sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium
lauryl sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl
sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl
sarcosine, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate,
sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl
sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate,
triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate,
monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate,
sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and
mixtures thereof.
8. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said
nonionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of
polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyethyleneglycol fatty acid esters,
polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor
oil, polyoxyethylene fatty amides and their monoethanolamine and
diethanolamine derivatives, polyethoxylated fatty amines, alkyl
polyglucosides, sugar esters, polyglyceryl fatty acid esters, alkyl
polyglyceryl ethers, and mixtures thereof.
9. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, wherein said
cationic deposition aid has a cationic charge density from about
1.1 meq/g to about 3.5 meq/g.
10. A shampoo composition according to claim 1, further comprising
an additional component selected from the group consisting of
deposition aids, dispersed particles, nonionic polymers, additional
conditioning agents, anti-dandruff actives, humectants, suspending
agents, perfumes, amino acids, water-insoluble vitamins, and
mixtures thereof.
11. A shampoo composition according to claim 10, wherein said
deposition aid is an additional cationic polymer selected from the
group consisting of cellulose derivatives, starch derivatives, and
guar derivatives, and having a molecular weight from about 10,000
to about 10,000,000 and a charge density from about 0.9 meq/g to
about 7.0 meq/g.
12. A shampoo composition according to claim 10, wherein said
suspending agent is a crystalline suspending agent.
13. A shampoo composition according to claim 10, wherein said
additional conditioning agent is a silicone conditioning agent
having a particle size as measured in said shampoo composition from
about 1 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m.
14. A shampoo composition according to claim 10, wherein said
additional conditioning agent is a silicone conditioning agent
having a particle size as measured in said shampoo composition from
about 100 nm to about 1 .mu.m.
15. A shampoo composition according to claim 10, wherein said
additional conditioning agent is a silicone conditioning agent
having a particle size as measured in said shampoo composition of
less than about 100 nm.
16. A method of treating hair or skin, said method comprising the
step of applying to the hair or skin a shampoo composition
according to claim 1.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 11/475,485 filed Jun. 27, 2006 which is a continuation-in-part
of prior co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 11/228,770, filed on
Sep. 16, 2005; which is a continuation-in-part of prior co-pending
U.S. application Ser. No. 10/454,433, filed on Jun. 4, 2003; which
claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.
60/385,641, filed on Jun. 4, 2002.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a hair cleansing and
conditioning shampoo containing the combination of a non-guar
galactomannan polymer derivative and a gel network comprising a
fatty amphiphile.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Human hair becomes soiled due to its contact with the
surrounding environment and from the sebum secreted by the scalp.
The soiling of hair causes it to have a dirty feel and an
unattractive appearance. The soiling of the hair necessitates
shampooing with frequent regularity.
[0004] Shampooing cleans the hair by removing excess soil and
sebum. However, shampooing can leave the hair in a wet, tangled,
and generally unmanageable state. Once the hair dries, it is often
left in a dry, rough, lusterless, or frizzy condition due to
removal of the hair's natural oils and other natural conditioning
and moisturizing components. The hair can further be left with
increased levels of static upon drying, which can interfere with
combing and result in a condition commonly referred to as "fly-away
hair."
[0005] A variety of approaches have been developed to alleviate
these after-shampoo problems. These approaches range from
post-shampoo application of hair conditioners such as leave-on and
rinse-off products, to hair conditioning shampoos which attempt to
both cleanse and condition the hair from a single product.
[0006] Coacervate formation in a shampoo composition is known to be
advantageous for providing conditioning benefits to the hair. The
use of cationic polymers to form coacervate is known in the art,
such as in PCT publications WO 93/08787 and WO 95/01152. Commonly
used cationic deposition polymers include natural polymers, such as
guar gum polymers that have been modified with cationic
substituents. Guar gum polymers are galactomannans containing two
mannose monomers with a glycoside linkage and one galactose monomer
attached to a hydroxyl group of the mannose monomers (i.e., guar
gum polymers have a mannose to galactose ratio of 2:1). The
selection of a cationic guar deposition polymer with sufficient
charge density and molecular weight results in sufficient
deposition of conditioning agents.
[0007] However, to achieve this sufficient deposition of
conditioning agents in shampoo or body wash compositions using a
cationic guar polymer, a relatively high level of such cationic
guar polymer generally must be deposited on the hair or skin.
Moreover, the cost of such cationic guar polymer is relatively
high. As a result, incorporation of cationic guar polymer can add
to the manufacturing costs of such shampoo compositions.
Additionally, these shampoo compositions typically are good for
delivering wet hair conditioning, but are not capable of delivering
satisfactory dry hair smooth feel.
[0008] Based on the foregoing, there is a need for a conditioning
shampoo which can provide improved conditioning benefit for dry
hair, while not interfering with the cleansing efficacy, nor
providing negative feel to the hair when it is dried. Specifically,
there is a need to provide long lasting moisturized feel, smooth
feel, and manageability control to the hair when the hair is dried,
yet not leave the hair feeling greasy, as well as to provide
softness and ease of combing when the hair is wet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention is directed to a shampoo composition
comprising: (a) from about 5% to about 50% of one or more detersive
surfactants, by weight of the shampoo composition; (b) a dispersed
gel network phase comprising: (i) at least about 0.05% of one or
more fatty amphiphiles, by weight of the shampoo composition; (ii)
at least about 0.01% of one or more secondary surfactants, by
weight of the shampoo composition; and (iii) water; (c) at least
about 0.05%, by weight of the shampoo composition, of a
galactomannan polymer derivative with a net positive charge and
having a mannose to galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a
monomer to monomer basis, wherein the galactomannan polymer
derivative has: (i) a molecular weight from about 1,000 to about
10,000,000; and (ii) a cationic charge density from about 0.7 meq/g
to about 7 meq/g; and (d) at least about 20% of an aqueous carrier,
by weight of the shampoo composition.
[0010] The present invention is further directed to a method of
using the shampoo composition described above.
[0011] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the
present invention will become evident to those skilled in the art
from a reading of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0012] While the specification concludes with claims which
particularly point out and distinctly claim the invention, it is
believed the present invention will be better understood from the
following description.
[0013] All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total
weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless
otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed
ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not
include solvents or by-products that may be included in
commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified. The
term "weight percent" may be denoted as "wt.%" herein.
[0014] All molecular weights as used herein are weight average
molecular weights expressed as grams/mole, unless otherwise
specified.
[0015] The term "charge density", as used herein, refers to the
ratio of the number of positive charges on a polymer to the
molecular weight of said polymer.
[0016] Herein, "comprising" means that other steps and other
ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added. This
term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting
essentially of". The compositions and methods/processes of the
present invention can comprise, consist of, and consist essentially
of the essential elements and limitations of the invention
described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional
ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described
herein.
[0017] The term "polymer" as used herein shall include materials
whether made by polymerization of one type of monomer or made by
two (i.e., copolymers) or more types of monomers.
[0018] The term "shampoo" as used herein means a composition for
cleansing and conditioning hair or skin, including scalp, face, and
body.
[0019] The term "suitable for application to human hair" as used
herein means that the compositions or components thereof so
described are suitable for use in contact with human hair and the
scalp and skin without undue toxicity, incompatibility,
instability, allergic response, and the like.
[0020] The term "water soluble" as used herein means that the
material is soluble in water in the present composition. In
general, the material should be soluble at 25.degree. C. at a
concentration of 0.1% by weight of the water solvent, preferably at
1%, more preferably at 5%, more preferably at 15%.
[0021] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise
one or more detersive surfactants, a dispersed gel network phase, a
non-guar galactomannan polymer derivative, and an aqueous carrier.
Each of these essential components, as well as preferred or
optional components, is described in detail hereinafter.
A. Detersive Surfactant The shampoo compositions of the present
invention comprise one or more detersive surfactants. The detersive
surfactant component is included in shampoo compositions of the
present invention to provide cleansing performance. The detersive
surfactant may be selected from anionic detersive surfactant,
zwitterionic or amphoteric detersive surfactant, or a combination
thereof. Such surfactants should be physically and chemically
compatible with the essential components described herein, or
should not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or
performance.
[0022] Suitable anionic detersive surfactant components for use in
the composition herein include those which are known for use in
hair care or other personal care cleansing compositions. The
concentration of the anionic surfactant component in the
composition should be sufficient to provide the desired cleaning
and lather performance, and generally range from about 5% to about
50%, preferably from about 8% to about 30%, more preferably from
about 10% to about 25%, even more preferably from about 12% to
about 22%, by weight of the composition.
[0023] Suitable zwitterionic or amphoteric detersive surfactants
for use in the composition herein include those which a re known
for use in hair care or other personal cleansing compositions.
Concentration of such amphoteric detersive surfactants preferably
ranges from about 0.5% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to
about 10%. Non-limiting examples of suitable zwitterionic or
amphoteric surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,104,646
and 5,106,609, both to Bolich Jr. et al.
[0024] The compositions of the present invention may further
comprise additional surfactants for use in combination with the
anionic detersive surfactant component described hereinbefore.
Suitable additional surfactants include cationic and nonionic
surfactants.
[0025] Non-limiting examples of other anionic, zwitterionic,
amphoteric, cationic, nonionic, or optional additional surfactants
suitable for use in the compositions are described in McCutcheon's,
Emulsifiers and Detergents, 1989 Annual, published by M. C.
Publishing Co., and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,929,678; 2,658,072; 2,438,091;
and 2,528,378.
B. Dispersed Gel Network Phase
[0026] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise a
dispersed gel network phase comprising a fatty amphiphile. The gel
network phase is included in shampoo compositions of the present
invention to provide conditioning benefits. As used herein, the
term "gel network" refers to a lamellar or vesicular solid
crystalline phase which comprises at least one fatty amphiphile as
specified below, at least one secondary surfactant as specified
below, and water or other suitable solvents. The lamellar or
vesicular phase comprises bi-layers made up of a first layer
comprising the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant and
alternating with a second layer comprising the water or other
suitable solvent. The term "solid crystalline", as used herein,
refers to the structure of the lamellar or vesicular phase which
forms at a temperature below the melt transition temperature (i.e.,
the chain melt temperature) of the layer in the gel network
comprising the one or more fatty amphiphiles, the melt transition
temperature being at least about 27.degree. C. The melt transition
temperature may be measured by differential scanning calorimetry, a
method of which is described in the Examples below.
[0027] Gel networks which comprise, for example, fatty alcohols
have been used for years in cosmetic creams and hair conditioners.
Such cosmetic creams and hair conditioners, however, typically
contain very low amounts, if any, of detersive surfactant. Thus,
such known products do not provide a combination of cleansing and
conditioning to the hair or skin
[0028] Gel networks, generally, are further described by G.M.
Eccleston, "Functions of Mixed Emulsifiers and Emulsifying Waxes in
Dermatological Lotions and Creams", Colloids and Surfaces A:
Physiochem. and Eng. Aspects 123-124 (1997) 169-182; and by G. M
Eccleston, "The Microstructure of Semisolid Creams", Pharmacy
International, Vol. 7, 63-70 (1986).
[0029] In an embodiment of the present invention, the dispersed gel
network phase is pre-formed. The term "pre-formed", as used herein,
means that at least fifty percent of the mixture of the fatty
amphiphile, secondary surfactant, and water or other suitable
solvent is substantially a solid crystalline phase when added to
the other components of the shampoo composition.
[0030] According to this embodiment of the present invention, the
gel network component of the present invention is prepared as a
separate pre-mix, which, after being cooled, is subsequently
incorporated with the detersive surfactant and the other components
of the shampoo composition. Preparation of the gel network
component is discussed in more detail below in the section entitled
Process of Making a Shampoo Composition, as well as in the
Examples.
[0031] The cooled and pre-formed gel network component subsequently
is added to the other components of the shampoo composition,
including the detersive surfactant component. While not intending
to be limited by theory, it is believed that incorporation of the
cooled and pre-formed gel network component with the detersive
surfactant and other components of the shampoo composition allows
the formation of a substantially equilibrated lamellar dispersion
("ELD") in the final shampoo composition. The ELD is a dispersed
lamellar or vesicular phase resulting from the pre-formed gel
network component substantially equilibrating with the detersive
surfactants, water, and other optional components, such as salts,
which may be present in the shampoo composition. This equilibration
occurs upon incorporation of the pre-formed gel network component
with the other components of the shampoo composition and is
effectively complete within about 24 hours after making Shampoo
compositions in which the ELD is formed provide hair with improved
wet and dry conditioning benefits. Further, the ELD does not form
if the components which comprise the gel network component (i.e.,
the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant combined with
water) are added as individual components together with the other
components of the shampoo composition in one mixing step, and not
as a separate cooled pre-formed gel network component.
[0032] As described above, the ELD is formed by the incorporation
of the cooled and pre-formed gel network component with the
detersive surfactant and other components of the shampoo
composition. While the ELD and the pre-formed gel network component
both comprise fatty amphiphile, secondary surfactant, and water
together in the form of a lamellar or vesicular solid crystalline
phase, differences exist between certain physical properties of the
ELD compared with those of the pre-formed gel network component.
Prior to incorporation with the detersive surfactant and other
components of the shampoo composition, the pre-formed gel network
component consists essentially of fatty amphiphile, secondary
surfactant, and water. Upon incorporation, the lamellar structure
of the gel network, acting as a template, is swelled by and
equilibrates with the detersive surfactant and other components of
the shampoo composition, such as salts and perfumes. Thus, it is
believed that these differences in certain physical properties
between the pre-formed gel network component and the ELD are
consistent with the migration of, for example, the detersive
surfactant, salts, and perfumes, into the gel network phase.
[0033] The presence of the gel network in the pre-mix and in the
final shampoo composition in the form of the ELD can be confirmed
by means known to one of skill in the art, such as X-ray analysis,
optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and differential scanning
calorimetry. Methods of X-ray analysis and differential scanning
calorimetry are described in U.S. 2006/0024256 A1.
[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, the scale size
of the dispersed gel network phase in the shampoo composition
(i.e., the ELD) ranges from about 10 nm to about 500 nm. In another
embodiment, the scale size of the dispersed gel network phase in
the shampoo composition ranges from about 0.5 um to about 10 um. In
yet another embodiment, the scale size of the dispersed gel network
phase in the shampoo composition ranges from about 10 .mu.m to
about 150 .mu.m.
[0035] The scale size distribution of the dispersed gel network
phase in the shampoo composition may be measured with a laser light
scattering technique, using a Horiba model LA 910 Laser Scattering
Particle Size Distribution Analyzer (Horiba Instruments, Inc.
Irvine Calif., USA). The scale size distribution in a shampoo
composition of the present invention may be measured by combining
1.75 g of the shampoo composition with 30 mL of 3% NH.sub.4Cl, 20
mL of 2% Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4.7H.sub.2O, and 10 mL of 1% laureth-7 to
form a mixture. This mixture is then stirred for 5 minutes. As
appropriate for the individual Horiba instrument being used,
samples in the range of 1 to 40 mL are taken and then injected into
the Horiba instrument, which contains 75 mL of 3% NH.sub.4Cl, 50 mL
of 2% Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4.7H.sub.2O, and 25 mL of 1% laureth-7, until
the Horiba instrument reading is between 88-92% T, which is needed
for the scale size measurement. Once this is achieved, a
measurement is taken after 2 minutes of circulation through the
Horiba instrument to provide the scale size measurement. A
subsequent measurement is taken using a sample of the shampoo
composition which has been heated above the melt transition
temperature of all fatty materials present in the shampoo
composition, such that the gel network component is melted. This
subsequent measurement allows a scale size distribution to be taken
of all of the remaining materials in the shampoo, which then can be
compared to the scale size distribution of the first sample and
assist in the analysis.
[0036] The shampoo composition of the present invention comprise a
gel network in an amount greater than about 0.1%, preferably from
about 1% to about 60%, and more preferably from about 5% to about
40%, by weight of the shampoo composition.
[0037] 1. Fatty Amphiphile
[0038] The gel network component of the present invention comprises
at least one fatty amphiphile. As used herein, "fatty amphiphile"
refers to a compound having a hydrophobic tail group and a
hydrophilic head group which does not make the compound water
soluble, wherein the compound also has a net neutral charge at the
pH of the shampoo composition.
[0039] The fatty amphiphile of the present invention may be
characterized as a compound having a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance
("HLB") of 6 or less. The HLB, as used herein, is the standard HLB
according to Griffin, J. Soc. Cosm. Chem., vol. 5, 249 (1954).
[0040] According to the present invention, suitable fatty
amphiphiles, or suitable mixtures of two or more fatty amphiphiles,
have a melting point of at least about 27.degree. C. The melting
point, as used herein, may be measured by a standard melting point
method as described in U.S. Pharmacopeia, USP-NF General Chapter
<741> "Melting range or temperature". The melting point of a
mixture of two or more materials is determined by mixing the two or
more materials at a temperature above the respective melt points
and then allowing the mixture to cool. If the resulting composite
is a homogeneous solid below about 27.degree. C., then the mixture
has a suitable melting point for use in the present invention. A
mixture of two or more fatty amphiphiles, wherein the mixture
comprises at least one fatty amphiphile having an individual
melting point of less than about 27.degree. C., still is suitable
for use in the present invention provided that the composite
melting point of the mixture is at least about 27.degree. C.
[0041] According to the present invention, suitable fatty
amphiphiles have a hydrophobic tail group. This hydrophobic tail
group may be an alkyl, alkenyl (containing up to 3 double bonds),
alkyl aromatic, or branched alkyl group with a length of from about
12 to about 70 carbon atoms, and in one embodiment from about 16 to
about 60 carbon atoms, and in another embodiment from about 16 to
about 50 carbon atoms, and in yet another embodiment from about 16
to about 40 carbon atoms, and in even yet another embodiment from
about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, and in another embodiment from
about 18 to 22 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkyl,
alkenyl, or branched alkyl groups suitable for the fatty
amphiphiles of the present invention include lauryl, tridecyl,
myristyl, pentadecyl, cetyl, heptadecyl, stearyl, arachidyl,
behenyl, undecylenyl, palmitoleyl, oleyl, palmoleyl, linoleyl,
linolenyl, arahchidonyl, elaidyl, elaeostearyl, erucyl, isolauryl,
isotridecyl, isomyristal, isopentadecyl, petroselinyl, isocetyl,
isoheptadecyl, isostearyl, isoarachidyl, isobehnyl, gadoleyl,
brassidyl, and technical-grade mixture thereof.
[0042] Suitable fatty amphiphiles of the present invention also
have a hydrophilic head group which does not make the compound
water soluble, such as in compounds having an HLB of 6 or less.
Non-limiting examples of classes of compounds having such a
hydrophilic head group include fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty
alcohols, fatty phenols, alkoxylated fatty phenols, fatty amides,
alkyoxylated fatty amides, fatty amines, fatty
alkylamidoalkylamines, fatty alkyoxyalted amines, fatty carbamates,
fatty amine oxides, fatty acids, alkoxylated fatty acids, fatty
diesters, fatty sorbitan esters, fatty sugar esters, methyl
glucoside esters, fatty glycol esters, mono, di & tri
glycerides, polyglycerine fatty esters, alkyl glyceryl ethers,
propylene glycol fatty acid esters, cholesterol, ceramides, fatty
silicone waxes, fatty glucose amides, fatty phosphate esters, and
phospholipids. For additional discussion of fatty amphiphiles which
are suitable for use in the present invention, see U.S.
2006/0024256 A1.
[0043] To form the gel network component of the present invention,
individual fatty amphiphile compounds or combinations of two or
more different fatty amphiphile compounds may be selected.
[0044] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise
fatty amphiphile as part of the pre-formed dispersed gel network
phase in an amount from about 0.05% to about 14%, preferably from
about 0.5% to about 10%, and more preferably from about 1% to about
8%, by weight of the shampoo composition.
[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio
of the fatty amphiphile to the secondary surfactant in the gel
network component is greater than about 1:9, preferably greater
than about 1:5 to about 100:1, more preferably greater than about
1:1 to about 50:1, and even more preferably greater than about 2:1
to about 10:1.
[0046] 2. Secondary Surfactant
[0047] The gel network component of the present invention also
comprises a secondary surfactant. As used herein, "secondary
surfactant" refers to one or more surfactants which are combined
with the fatty amphiphile and water to form the gel network of the
present invention as a pre-mix separate from the other components
of the shampoo composition. The secondary surfactant is separate
from and in addition to the detersive surfactant component of the
shampoo composition. However, the secondary surfactant may be the
same or different type of surfactant or surfactants as that or
those selected for the detersive surfactant component described
above.
[0048] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise
secondary surfactant as part of the pre-formed dispersed gel
network phase in an amount from about 0.01% to about 15%,
preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and more preferably from
about 0.3% to about 5%, by weight of the shampoo composition.
[0049] Suitable secondary surfactants include anionic,
zwitterionic, amphoteric, cationic, and nonionic surfactants.
Preferably, the secondary surfactant is selected from anionic,
cationic, and nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. For
additional discussion of secondary surfactants which are suitable
for use in the present invention, see U.S. 2006/0024256 A1.
[0050] Additionally, in an embodiment of the present invention,
certain secondary surfactants which have a hydrophobic tail group
with a chain length of from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms may
be selected to contribute to obtaining a melt transition
temperature of at least about 38.degree. C. for the resulting
dispersed gel network phase. For such secondary surfactants, the
hydrophobic tail group may be alkyl, alkenyl (containing up to 3
double bonds), alkyl aromatic, or branched alkyl. In such an
embodiment, it is preferred that the secondary surfactant is
present in the gel network component relative to the fatty
amphiphile at a weight ratio from about 1:5 to about 5:1.
[0051] Mixtures of more than one surfactant of the above specified
types may be used for the secondary surfactant of the present
invention.
[0052] 3. Water or Suitable Solvents
[0053] The gel network component of the present invention also
comprises water or suitable solvents. The water or suitable solvent
and the secondary surfactant together contribute to the swelling of
the fatty amphiphile. This, in turn, leads to the formation and the
stability of the gel network. As used herein, the term "suitable
solvent" refers to any solvent which can be used in the place of or
in combination with water in the formation of the gel network of
the present invention.
[0054] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise
water or suitable solvents as part of the pre-formed dispersed gel
network phase in an amount suitable to achieve a gel network when
combined with fatty amphiphile and secondary surfactant according
to the present invention.
[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the shampoo compositions of the
present invention comprise as part of the pre-formed dispersed gel
network phase at least about 0.05% of water or a suitable solvent,
by weight of the shampoo composition.
[0056] In another embodiment of the present invention, the shampoo
compositions comprise water or a suitable solvent as part of the
pre-formed dispersed gel network phase is an amount relative to the
amount of fatty amphiphile at a weight ratio of at least about
1:1.
C. Galactomannan Polymer Derivative
[0057] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise
galactomannan polymer derivatives with a net positive charge and
having a mannose to galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a
monomer to monomer basis. Included within galactomannan polymer
derivatives with a net positive charge are "cationic
galactomannan", which refers to a galactomannan polymer to which a
cationic group is added, and "amphoteric galactomannan", which
refers to a galactomannan polymer to which a cationic group and an
anionic group are added but such that the polymer has a net
positive charge. These galactomannan polymer derivatives are
included in the shampoo compositions of the present invention to
enhance effective deposition of the dispersed gel network phase on
hair and/or skin.
[0058] Galactomannan polymers are present in the endosperm of seeds
of the Leguminosae family. Galactomannan polymers are made up of a
combination of mannose monomers and galactose monomers. The
galactomannan molecule is a straight chain mannan branched at
regular intervals with single membered galactose units on specific
mannose units. The mannose units are linked to each other by means
of .beta. (1-4) glycosidic linkages. The galactose branching arises
by way of an .alpha. (1-6) linkage. The ratio of mannose monomers
to galactose monomers varies according to the species of the plant
and also is affected by climate. Guar is an example of one type of
a galactomannan polymer, specifically having a mannose to galactose
ratio of 2 monomers of mannose to 1 monomer of galactose.
[0059] Galactomannan polymers of the present invention have a ratio
of mannose to galactose of greater than 2:1 on a monomer to monomer
basis (i.e., non-guar galactomannan polymers). Preferably, the
ratio of mannose to galactose is greater than about 3:1, and more
preferably the ratio of mannose to galactose is greater than about
4:1. Analysis of mannose to galactose ratios is well known in the
art and is typically based on the measurement of the galactose
content.
[0060] The gum for use in preparing the non-guar galactomannan
polymer derivatives is typically obtained as naturally occurring
material such as seeds or beans from plants. Examples of various
non-guar galactomannan polymers include but are not limited to tara
gum (3 parts mannose/1 part galactose), locust bean or carob (4
parts mannose/1 part galactose), and cassia gum (5 parts mannose/1
part galactose).
[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, a preferred gum
for use in preparing the non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives
is cassia gum. Cassia gum derivatives can provide at least
comparable deposition of conditioning agents on hair as guar gum
derivatives, yet cassia gum derivatives generally can be obtained
commercially at a relatively lower cost than guar gum
derivatives.
[0062] The galactomannan polymer derivatives for use in the
personal care compositions of the present invention have a
molecular weight from about 1,000 to about 10,000,000. In one
embodiment of the present invention, the galactomannan polymer
derivatives have a molecular weight from about 5,000 to about
3,000,000. As used herein, the term "molecular weight" refers to
the weight average molecular weight. The weight average molecular
weight may be measured by gel permeation chromatography.
[0063] The shampoo compositions of the present invention include
galactomannan polymer derivatives which have a cationic charge
density from about 0.7 meq/g to about 7 meq/g. In one embodiment of
the present invention, the galactomannan polymer derivatives have a
charge density from about 0.9 meq/g to about 7 meq/g. In another
embodiment of the present invention, the galactomannan polymer
derivatives have a charge density from about 0.7 meq/g to about 1.0
meq/g. In yet another embodiment, the galactomannan polymer
derivatives have a charge density from about 1.1 meq/g to about 3.5
meq/g. The degree of substitution of the cationic groups onto the
galactomannan structure should be sufficient to provide the
requisite cationic charge density.
[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, the
galactomannan polymer derivative is a cationic derivative of the
non-guar galactomannan polymer, which is obtained by reaction
between the hydroxyl groups of the galactomannan polymer and
reactive quaternary ammonium compounds. Suitable quaternary
ammonium compounds for use in forming the cationic galactomannan
polymer derivatives include those conforming to the general
formula:
##STR00001##
wherein where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are methyl or ethyl
groups; R.sup.4 is either an epoxyalkyl group of the general
formula:
##STR00002##
or R.sup.4 is a halohydrin group of the general formula:
##STR00003##
wherein R.sup.5 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkylene; X is chlorine or
bromine, and Z is an anion such as Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, I.sup.- or
HSO.sub.4.sup.-.
[0065] Cationic non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives formed
from the reagents described above are represented by the general
formula:
##STR00004##
wherein R is the gum. Preferably, the cationic galactomannan
derivative is a gum hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, which
can be more specifically represented by the general formula:
##STR00005##
[0066] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise
galactomannan polymer derivatives at a range of about 0.01% to
about 10%, and more preferably from about 0.05% to about 5%, by
weight of the composition.
D. Aqueous Carrier
[0067] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise
an aqueous carrier. Typically, the compositions of the present
invention are in the form of pourable liquids (under ambient
conditions). The compositions, therefore, comprise an aqueous
carrier at a level of from about 20% to about 95%, preferably from
about 60% to about 85%, by weight of the compositions. The aqueous
carrier may comprise water, or a miscible mixture of water and
organic solvent, but preferably comprises water with minimal or no
significant concentrations of organic solvent, except as otherwise
incidentally incorporated into the composition as minor ingredients
of other essential or optional components.
E. Additional Components
[0068] The compositions of the present invention may further
comprise one or more optional components known for use in hair care
or personal care products, provided that the optional components
are physically and chemically compatible with the essential
components described herein, or do not otherwise unduly impair
product stability, aesthetics or performance. Individual
concentrations of such optional components may range from about
0.001% to about 10% by weight of the compositions.
[0069] Non-limiting examples of optional components for use in the
composition include cationic polymers, conditioning agents
(hydrocarbon oils, fatty esters, silicones), anti-dandruff agents,
suspending agents, viscosity modifiers, dyes, nonvolatile solvents
or diluents (water soluble and insoluble), pearlescent aids, foam
boosters, additional surfactants or nonionic cosurfactants,
pediculocides, pH adjusting agents, perfumes, preservatives,
chelants, proteins, skin active agents, sunscreens, UV absorbers,
and vitamins.
[0070] 1. Additional Deposition Aid
[0071] The shampoo compositions of the present invention may
include a deposition aid in addition to the non-guar galactomannan
polymer derivative of the present invention.
[0072] The additional deposition aid is included to further enhance
deposition of the gel network component. The deposition aid can
comprise any material that enhances the deposition of the gel
network from the shampoo onto the hair and/or scalp.
[0073] The concentration of the deposition aid in the shampoo
composition should be sufficient to effectively enhance the
deposition of the gel network component and ranges from about 0.05%
to about 5%, preferably from about 0.075% to about 2.5%, more
preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.0%, by weight of the shampoo
composition.
[0074] In one embodiment of the present invention, the deposition
aid is an additional cationic polymer, other than the non-guar
galactomannan polymer of the present invention. Preferred cationic
polymers will have cationic charge densities of at least about 0.7
meq/g, preferably at least about 1.2 meq/g, more preferably at
least about 1.5 meq/g, but also preferably less than about 7 meq/g,
more preferably less than about 5 meq/g, at the pH of intended use
of the composition. The pH will generally range from about pH 3 to
about pH 9, preferably between about pH 4 and about pH 8. The
average molecular weight of such suitable cationic polymers will
generally be between about 10,000 and 10 million, preferably
between about 50,000 and about 5 million, more preferably between
about 100,000 and about 3 million.
[0075] Suitable cationic polymers for use in the composition
include polysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose
derivatives and cationic starch derivatives, such as salts of
hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethyl ammonium substituted
epoxide. Other suitable cationic polymers include cationic guar gum
derivatives, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride.
[0076] 2. Dispersed Particles
[0077] The composition of the present invention may include
dispersed particles. Particles useful in the present invention can
be inorganic, synthetic, or semi-synthetic in origin. If present in
the compositions of the present invention, dispersed particles are
incorporated in an amount from about 0.025% to about 20%,
preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, more preferably from
about 0.1% to about 5%, even more preferably from about 0.25% to
about 3%, and yet more preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, by
weight of the composition.
[0078] 3. Nonionic Polymers
[0079] Polyalkylene glycols having a molecular weight of more than
about 1000 are useful herein. Useful are those having the following
general formula:
##STR00006##
wherein R.sup.95 is selected from the group consisting of H,
methyl, and mixtures thereof. Polyethylene glycol polymers useful
herein are PEG-2M (also known as Polyox WSR.RTM. N-10, which is
available from Union Carbide and as PEG-2,000); PEG-5M (also known
as Polyox WSR.RTM. N-35 and Polyox WSR.RTM. N-80, available from
Union Carbide and as PEG-5,000 and Polyethylene Glycol 300,000);
PEG-7M (also known as Polyox WSR.RTM. N-750 available from Union
Carbide); PEG-9M (also known as Polyox WSR.RTM. N-3333 available
from Union Carbide); and PEG-14 M (also known as Polyox WSR.RTM.
N-3000 available from Union Carbide).
[0080] 4. Conditioning Agents
[0081] The compositions of the present invention may also comprise
one or more conditioning agents which are in addition to the
dispersed gel network phase. Conditioning agents include materials
which are used to give a particular conditioning benefit to hair
and/or skin. The conditioning agents useful in the compositions of
the present invention typically comprise a water-insoluble,
water-dispersible, non-volatile, liquid that forms emulsified,
liquid particles. Suitable conditioning agents for use in the
composition are those conditioning agents characterized generally
as silicones (e.g., silicone oils, cationic silicones, silicone
gums, high refractive silicones, and silicone resins), organic
conditioning oils (e.g., hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins, and fatty
esters) or combinations thereof, or those conditioning agents which
otherwise form liquid, dispersed particles in the aqueous
surfactant matrix.
[0082] In one embodiment, the shampoo composition of the present
invention further comprises a non-volatile silicone oil. For an
opaque composition embodiment, the shampoo composition comprises a
non-volatile silicone oil having a particle size as measured in the
shampoo composition from about 1 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m. In an
embodiment of the present invention for small particle application
to the hair, the shampoo composition comprises a non-volatile
silicone oil having a particle size as measured in the shampoo
composition from about 100 nm to about 1 .mu.m. For a substantially
clear composition embodiment, the shampoo composition comprises a
non-volatile silicone oil having a particle size as measured in the
shampoo composition of less than about 100 nm.
[0083] When present, the one or more conditioning agents are in an
amount from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to
about 8%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 4%, by weight of
the composition.
[0084] The conditioning agents may be present in the dispersed gel
network phase or may be added to the final shampoo composition as a
separate component such that they are present primarily in the
continuous phase of the shampoo.
[0085] 5. Anti-Dandruff Actives
[0086] The compositions of the present invention may also contain
an anti-dandruff active. Suitable non-limiting examples of
anti-dandruff actives include pyridinethione salts, azoles,
selenium sulfide, particulate sulfur, keratolytic agents, and
mixtures thereof. Such anti-dandruff actives should be physically
and chemically compatible with the essential components of the
composition, and should not otherwise unduly impair product
stability, aesthetics or performance.
[0087] When present in the composition, the anti-dandruff active is
included in an amount from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from
about 0.1% to about 3%, and more preferably from about 0.3% to
about 2%, by weight of the composition.
[0088] 6. Humectants
[0089] The compositions of the present invention may contain a
humectant. The humectants herein are selected from the group
consisting of polyhydric alcohols, water soluble alkoxylated
nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof. The humectants, when used
herein, are preferably present in an amount by weight of the
composition from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably from
about 0.5% to about 5%.
[0090] 7. Suspending Agent
[0091] The compositions of the present invention may further
comprise a suspending agent at concentrations effective for
suspending water-insoluble material in dispersed form in the
compositions or for modifying the viscosity of the composition.
Such concentrations range from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably
from about 0.3% to about 5.0%, by weight of the composition.
[0092] Suspending agents useful herein include crystalline
suspending agents which can be categorized as acyl derivatives,
long chain amine oxides, and mixtures thereof. These suspending
agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,855. These preferred
suspending agents include ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids
preferably having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. More
preferred are the ethylene glycol stearates, both mono and
distearate, but particularly the distearate containing less than
about 7% of the mono stearate.
[0093] 8. Other Optional Components
[0094] The compositions of the present invention may contain other
optional components. Optional components may be present in the
dispersed gel network phase or may be added to the final shampoo
composition as separate components. For example, the compositions
of the present invention may contain water-soluble and
water-insoluble vitamins such as vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, C,
pantothenic acid, pantothenyl ethyl ether, panthenol, biotin and
their derivatives, and vitamins A, D, E, and their derivatives. The
compositions of the present invention may also contain
water-soluble and water-insoluble amino acids such as asparagine,
alanine, indole, glutamic acid and their salts, and tyrosine,
tryptamine, lysine, histadine and their salts. The compositions of
present invention may further comprise materials useful for hair
loss prevention and hair growth stimulants or agents.
[0095] Any other suitable optional component can also be included
in the composition of the present invention, such as those
ingredients that are conventionally used in given product types.
The CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Tenth Edition (2004),
published by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association,
Inc., Washington, D.C., describes a wide variety of nonlimiting
materials that can be added to the composition herein. Examples of
these ingredient classes include, but are not limited to:
abrasives, absorbents, aesthetic components such as perfumes and
fragrances, pigments, colorings/colorants, essential oils, skin
sensates, astringents, etc. (e.g., clove oil, menthol, camphor,
eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate),
anti-acne agents, anti-caking agents, antifoaming agents,
antimicrobial agents (e.g., iodopropyl butylcarbamate),
antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, antioxidants, binders,
biological additives, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating
agents, chemical additives, colorants, cosmetic astringents,
cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, external
analgesics, film formers or materials, e.g., polymers, for aiding
the film-forming properties and substantivity of the composition
(e.g., copolymer of eicosene and vinyl pyrrolidone), opacifying
agents, pH adjusters, plant derivatives, plant extracts, plant
tissue extracts, plant seed extracts, plant oils, botanicals,
botanical extracts, preservatives, propellants, reducing agents,
sebum control agents, sequestrants, skin bleaching and lightening
agents, (e.g., hydroquinone, kojic acid, ascorbic acid, magnesiuim
ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucoside, pyridoxine), enzymes,
coenzymes, skin-conditioning agents (e.g., humectants and occlusive
agents), skin soothing and/or healing agents and derivatives (e.g.,
panthenol, and derivatives such as ethyl panthenol, aloe vera,
pantothenic acid and its derivatives, allantoin, bisabolol, and
dipotassium glycyrrhizinate), skin treating agents (e.g., vitamin D
compounds, mono-, di-, and tri-terpenoids, beta-ionol, cedrol),
thickeners (including a mono- or divalent salt such as sodium
chloride), and vitamins, their derivatives, and combinations
thereof.
[0096] When certain oil-soluble components, such as perfumes and
fragrances, amino acids, water-insoluble vitamins, and the like,
are present in the dispersed gel network phase, either by
incorporating such components directly into the gel network
component pre-mix or separately into the shampoo composition and
consequently some amount of such components migrate into the
dispersed gel network phase during equilibration, they may be
effectively deposited on hair and/or skin. To obtain very effective
deposition of oil-soluble components on hair and/or skin via their
presence in the dispersed gel network phase, oil-soluble component
compositions which comprise no less than about 60% of ingredients
having a Clog P of about 3 or higher are preferred. For further
discussion on Clog P and how to determine its value for a variety
of materials, see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,849,310 and
5,500,154 as well as EP 1 533 364.
F. Process of Making a Shampoo Composition
[0097] An aspect of the invention relates to a process of making a
shampoo composition of the present invention. The process of making
a shampoo composition comprises (a) combining a fatty amphiphile, a
secondary surfactant, and water at a temperature sufficient to
allow partitioning of the secondary surfactant and the water into
the fatty amphiphile to form a pre-mix; (b) cooling the pre-mix
below the chain melt temperature of the fatty amphiphile to form a
gel network; (c) adding the gel network to one or more detersive
surfactants and an aqueous carrier to form a shampoo
composition.
[0098] As discussed above, in one embodiment of the present
invention, the gel network component is prepared as a separate
pre-mix, which, after being cooled, is subsequently incorporated
with the other components of the shampoo composition. More
specifically, the gel network component of the present invention
may be prepared by heating the fatty amphiphile, the secondary
surfactant, and water to a level in the range of about 75.degree.
C. to about 90.degree. C. and mixing. This mixture is cooled to a
level in the range of about 27.degree. C. to about 35.degree. C.
by, for example, passing the mixture through a heat exchanger. As a
result of this cooling step, at least about fifty percent of the
mixture of the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant
crystallize to form a crystalline gel network.
[0099] Alternative methods of preparing the gel network component
include sonication and/or milling of the fatty amphiphile, the
secondary surfactant, and water, while these components are heated,
to reduce the particle size of the melted fatty amphiphile
phase.
[0100] This results in an increase in surface area of the fatty
amphiphile phase, which allows the secondary surfactant and the
water to swell the fatty amphiphile phase. Another suitable
variation in preparing the gel network includes heating and mixing
the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant first, and then
adding that mixture to the water.
G. Method of Use
[0101] The compositions of the present invention are used in a
conventional manner for cleansing and conditioning hair or skin,
including scalp, face, and body. Generally, a method of treating
hair or skin of the present invention comprises applying the
composition of the present invention to the hair or skin. More
specifically, an effective amount of the personal care composition
is applied to the hair or skin, which has preferably been wetted
with water, and then the personal care composition is rinsed off.
Such effective amounts generally range from about 1 g to about 50
g, preferably from about 1 g to about 20 g. Application to the hair
typically includes working the composition through the hair such
that most or all of the hair is contacted with the composition.
[0102] The method for treating the hair or skin comprises the steps
of: (a) wetting the hair or skin with water; (b) applying an
effective amount of the shampoo composition to the hair or skin,
and (c) rinsing the applied areas of skin or hair with water. These
steps can be repeated as many times as desired to achieve the
desired cleansing and conditioning benefit.
[0103] In one embodiment, the shampoo composition of the present
invention advantageously is used to treat damaged hair. Damaged
hair may include hair selected from permed hair, oxidatively
colored hair, and mechanically damaged hair.
[0104] In another embodiment, the shampoo composition is used to
treat skin, such as the scalp, the face, and the body.
[0105] The personal care compositions of this invention may be used
as liquids, solids, semi-solids, flakes, gels, placed in a
pressurized container with a propellant added, or used in a pump
spray form. The viscosity of the product may be selected to
accommodate the form desired.
NON-LIMITING EXAMPLES
[0106] The shampoo compositions illustrated in the following
Examples illustrate specific embodiments of the shampoo
compositions of the present invention, but are not intended to be
limiting thereof. Other modifications can be undertaken by the
skilled artisan without departing from the spirit and scope of this
invention. These exemplified embodiments of the shampoo composition
of the present invention provide enhanced conditioning benefits to
the hair.
[0107] The shampoo compositions illustrated in the following
Examples are prepared by conventional formulation and mixing
methods, an example of which is set forth hereinbelow. All
exemplified amounts are listed as weight percents and exclude minor
materials such as diluents, preservatives, color solutions, imagery
ingredients, botanicals, and so forth, unless otherwise specified.
All percentages are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
Preparation of the Gel Network Pre-Mix
[0108] To prepare the gel network pre-mix, about 20% of the water
is heated to about 74.degree. C. and the fatty amphiphile and the
secondary surfactant (e.g., Behenyltrimethylammonium chloride
(Varisoft BT-85) or Sodium Laureth Sulfate) are added to it. After
incorporation, this mixture is passed through a mill and heat
exchanger where it is cooled to about 35.degree. C. As a result of
this cooling step, the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant,
and the water form a crystalline gel network.
[0109] For mixtures of different fatty amphiphiles, it may be
beneficial to pre-mix the fatty amphiphile materials before
incorporation into the water. This can be done by co-melting the
different fatty amphiphiles together and utilizing this melt or
cooling into a solid phase and incorporating this into the heated
water along with the secondary surfactant. Another variation could
be to co-melt the one or more fatty amphiphiles and the secondary
surfactant before incorporation into the water. Some gel network
compositions with chain melt temperatures between about 27.degree.
C. to about 35.degree. C. will need to be cooled below 27.degree.
C. to ensure the lamellar phase structure is froze.
Gel Network Pre-Mix Examples 1-28
[0110] The following Examples illustrate specific embodiments of
the gel network pre-mix, prior to its incorporation with the
detersive surfactant and other components of the final shampoo
composition of the present invention. It is intended that each of
the following gel network pre-mix examples could be incorporated as
a dispersed phase into a shampoo composition according to the
present invention.
TABLE-US-00001 Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Water 88.55% 88.55% 88.55%
88.55% 88.55% 88.55% 88.55% Glyceryl palmitate (1) 4.29% Glyceryl
stearate, Glyceryl 4.29% Stearate Pure (1) Sorbitan tristearate (1)
8.58% Stearamide MEA-stearate (1) 8.58% Steareth-2, Volpo S-2 (2)
8.58% 6.44% Stearic acid, V-1890 (3) 8.58% 2.14% Sucrose
distearate, Crodesta F-10 8.58% (2) Behenyltrimethylammonium 2.84%
2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% 2.84% chloride, Varisoft BT-85 (4)
5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03%
0.03% 0.03% 3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Water
82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% PEG-2 Stearate (1)
8.58% PEG-5 Glyceryl stearate (1) 8.58% PEG-6 Stearate (1) 8.58%
SEFA Stearate, Sefose-1618H (3) 8.58% Sorbitan palmitate (1) 8.58%
Sorbitan stearate, Crill 3 NF (2) 8.58% Sorbitan stearate (1) 8.58%
Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64%
8.64% Active) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin- 0.03% 0.03% 0.03%
0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 Water 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% 82.76% 82.75% 82.75% 82.75% Cetyl
Alcohol 3.00% Cocamine oxide 4.30% Glyceryl distearate (1) 4.30%
Sorbitan tristearate (1) 8.58% Steary Alcohol 5.57% Stearamide
MEA-stearate (1) 8.58% Steareth-2, Volpa S-2 (2) 8.58% Stearic
acid, V-1890 (3) 4.28% Sucrose distearate, Crodesta F-10 8.58%
4.28% (2) Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64% 8.64%
8.64% 8.64% 8.64% Active) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin- 0.03%
0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 3-one, Kathon CG Ingredient 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 Water 88.55% 88.55% 88.78% 88.55% 88.78% 88.78%
88.78% Stearyl Alcohol 5.57% 2.48% 3.21% Cetyl Alcohol 3.00% 2.47%
1.74% Glyceryl hydroxystearate (1) 4.95% PEG-2 Stearate (1) 4.95%
Palmitic Acid 3.00% 5.72% Steareth-2, Volpo S-2 (2) 4.95% 4.95%
Stearic acid, V-1890 (3) 5.57% 4.95% 2.86% 4.95% 4.95% 4.95%
Behenyltrimethylammonium 2.85% 2.85% 1.29% 2.84% 1.29% 1.29% 1.29%
chloride, Varisoft BT-85 (2) 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-
0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 3-one, Kathon CG (1)
available from A&E Connock (2) available from Croda Chemicals
(3) available from P&G Chemicals (4) available Goldschmidt
Chemical
Preparation of Final Shampoo Compositions
[0111] To prepare the final shampoo composition, first, a
surfactant solution pre-mix is formed. To prepare this surfactant
solution pre-mix, about 6% to about 9% of sodium or ammonium
laureth-3 sulfate, cationic polymers, and about 0% to about 5% of
water are added to a jacketed mix tank and heated to about
74.degree. C. with agitation. To this solution, citric acid, sodium
citrate, sodium benzoate, and disodium EDTA are added to the tank
and allowed to disperse. Ethylene glycol distearate (EGDS) is then
added to the mixing vessel and melted. After the EGDS was well
dispersed (e.g., after about 10 minutes), preservative is added and
mixed into the surfactant solution. This mixture is passed through
a mill and heat exchanger where it is cooled to about 35.degree. C.
and collected in a finishing tank. As a result of this cooling
step, the EGDS crystallizes to form a waxy crystalline suspension.
The mixture of these components is the surfactant solution
pre-mix.
[0112] Next, the surfactant solution pre-mix and the gel network
pre-mix, which is prepared as described above, are mixed together.
The remainder of the surfactants, perfume, dimethicone, sodium
chloride or ammonium xylene sulfonate for viscosity adjustment, and
the remainder of the water are added with ample agitation to ensure
a homogeneous mixture. This mixture is the final shampoo
composition which comprises as a dispersed phase the gel network
pre-mix.
[0113] Preferred viscosities of the final shampoo composition
according to the present invention range from about 5000 to about
15,000 centipoise at 27.degree. C., as measured by a
Wells-Brookfield model RVTDCP viscometer using a CP-41 cone and
plate at 2/s at 3 minutes. The pH may be adjusted as necessary to
provide shampoo compositions of the present invention which are
suitable for application to human hair, and may vary based on the
selection of particular detersive surfactants, fatty amphiphiles,
and/or other components.
Shampoo Examples 1-10
[0114] The following Examples illustrate specific embodiments of
the final shampoo composition of the present invention, which
respectively comprise select above-exemplified gel network
pre-mixes as a dispersed phase.
TABLE-US-00002 Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sodium Laureth 10.00
10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 15.00 8.5 Sulfate Sodium
Lauryl 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 6.00 10.00 5.00 3.00 Sulfate
Cocamidopropyl 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
betaine Any one of Gel 27.3 13.6 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.3 Networks 1-28
Gel Network 18 27.3 27.3 Gel Network 22 27.3 Gel Network 25 27.3
Cationic 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 Galactomannan (1) Cationic
0.1 0.1 0.2 Galactomannan (2) Guar 0.1 Hydroxypropyl trimonium
chloride (3) Guar 0.3 0.3 Hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (4)
Polyquaterium-10 0.1 (5) Dimethicone (6) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
2.00 2.00 2.00 Dimthicone (7) 1.00 Dimethicone (8) 0.5 Ethylene
Glycol 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Distearate
5-Chloro-2-methyl- 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG Sodium
Benzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Disodium
EDTA 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 Perfume 0.70
0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Citric Acid/Sodium pH
pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH Citrate Dihydrate QS QS QS QS QS QS QS
QS QS QS Sodium Chloride/ Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc. Visc.
Visc. Visc. Visc. Ammonium Xylene QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS
Sulfonate Water QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS (1) Cationic
Galactomannan (with Mol. W. of ~200,000; Char. Den. = 3.0 meq/g)
(2) Cationic Galactomannan (with Mol. W. of ~200,000; Char. Den. =
0.7 meq/g) (3) Jaguar C17 available from Rhodia (4) ADPP-5043HMW
(with Mol. W. of ~1,200,000 and Char. Den. of 2.0 meq/g) available
from Aqualon/Hercules (5) Polymer LR30M available from Amerchol/Dow
Chemical (6) Viscasil 330M available from General Electric
Silicones (7) DC-1664 Silicone Emulsion available from Dow Corning
(8) DC-1872 Silicone mirco-emulsion available from Dow Corning
[0115] All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the
Invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference;
the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission
that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the
extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this written
document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the term in a
document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition
assigned to the term in this written document shall govern.
[0116] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *