U.S. patent application number 13/394262 was filed with the patent office on 2012-06-28 for penetration-resistant textile fabrics and articles comprising said fabrics.
This patent application is currently assigned to TEIJIN ARAMID GMBH. Invention is credited to Christian Bottger, Rudiger Hartert.
Application Number | 20120159699 13/394262 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42115753 |
Filed Date | 2012-06-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120159699 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bottger; Christian ; et
al. |
June 28, 2012 |
PENETRATION-RESISTANT TEXTILE FABRICS AND ARTICLES COMPRISING SAID
FABRICS
Abstract
Penetration-resistant textile fabrics and articles that include
the fabrics. The penetration-resistant textile fabrics have
improved fragment protection and improved stab resistance
efficiency at the same ballistic protection. The advantageous
combination of characteristics of the penetration-resistant textile
fabrics correspondingly transfers to articles that include the
penetration-resistant textile fabrics.
Inventors: |
Bottger; Christian;
(Remscheid, DE) ; Hartert; Rudiger; (Wuppertal,
DE) |
Assignee: |
TEIJIN ARAMID GMBH
Wuppertal
DE
|
Family ID: |
42115753 |
Appl. No.: |
13/394262 |
Filed: |
August 27, 2010 |
PCT Filed: |
August 27, 2010 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2010/062524 |
371 Date: |
March 5, 2012 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/463 ; 442/189;
442/308 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y10T 442/3065 20150401;
D02G 3/442 20130101; Y10T 442/425 20150401; D10B 2331/021 20130101;
F41H 5/0485 20130101; D02G 1/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
2/463 ; 442/308;
442/189 |
International
Class: |
F41H 1/02 20060101
F41H001/02; D03D 15/00 20060101 D03D015/00; A41D 13/05 20060101
A41D013/05; D04B 21/14 20060101 D04B021/14 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 4, 2009 |
EP |
09169509.8 |
Claims
1. A penetration-resistant textile fabric comprising at least one
untwisted high-performance filament yarn selected from the group
consisting of aramid filament yarns, polybenzoxazole filament
yarns, polybenzothiazole filament yarns, and mixtures of the
filament yarns, wherein: the at least one untwisted
high-performance filament yarn has a breaking tenacity of at least
1100 MPa, measured without twist according to ASTM D-885, and the
at least one untwisted high-performance filament yarn is a
volumized high-performance filament yarn to the extent that the
textile fabric (I) which comprises the volumized high-performance
filament yarn has a relative compressibility, measured according to
DIN 53885, determined by measuring the initial thickness at a
measuring pressure of 0.5 N/cm.sup.2 and the end thickness at a
measuring pressure of 5 N/cm.sup.2, wherein-the relative
compressibility ie-being greater by a factor off, which has a value
in the range of 1.2 to 5, than the-a relative compressibility of a
textile comparison fabric, the production of which differs from the
production of the penetration-resistant textile fabric in that the
high-performance filament yarn of the textile comparison fabric is
not volumized.
2. (canceled)
3. The penetration-resistant textile fabric according to claim 1,
wherein the textile fabric is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, or
a unidirectional or multiaxial composite.
4. The penetration-resistant textile fabric according to claim 1,
wherein the volumized high-performance filament yarn comprises
high-performance filaments and shrunken filaments.
5. The penetration-resistant textile fabric according claim 1,
wherein the volumized high-performance filament yarn is a
texturized high-performance filament yarn.
6. The penetration-resistant textile fabric according to claim 5,
wherein the texturized high-performance filament yarn is a
knit-de-knit texturized high-performance filament yarn.
7. The penetration-resistant textile fabric according to claim 1,
wherein the factor f has a value in the range from 1.4 to 4.
8. An article comprising at least one penetration-resistant textile
fabric according to claim 1.
9. The article according to claim 8, wherein the article is: i)
selected from the group consisting of a helmet, a vehicle armor, or
and a ceramic composite plate, or ii) selected from the group
consisting of a fragment protection mat, a bullet-proof vest, a
flak jacket, a stab-resistant vest, and combinations thereof. cm
10-16. (canceled)
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] Textile fabrics offering penetration-resistance, i.e.
protection against attacks by projectile, stabbing, and explosive
weapons, are known. The attack with projectile weapons can occur
with bullet-shaped or fragmented ammunition, so that a
penetration-resistant textile fabric should provide at least
protection from bullets and fragments. During an attack using
explosive weapons, the fragment protection action of the used
penetration-resistant textile fabric is essential. Therefore, there
has existed for a long time a need for penetration-resistant
textile fabrics having ballistic and fragment protection, wherein
an increased need for penetration-resistant textile fabrics has
recently come into being, which fabrics have an improved fragment
protection action at the same ballistic protection.
SUMMARY
[0002] Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to
provide a penetration-resistant textile fabric which has an
improved fragment protection action and at the same time ballistic
protection.
[0003] The object is iachieved by a penetration-resistant textile
fabric (I) comprising at least one untwisted high-performance
filament yarn having a breaking tenacity of at least 1100 MPa,
measured without twist according to ASTM D-885, which fabric is
characterized in that the high-performance filament yarn is a
volumized high-performance filament yarn to the extent that the
textile fabric (I) which comprises the volumized high-performance
filament yarn has a relative compressibility measured according to
DIN 53885 (October 1997), determined by measuring the initial
thickness at a measuring pressure of 0.5 N/cm.sup.2 and the end
thickness at a measuring pressure of 5 N/cm.sup.2, wherein the
relative compressibility is greater by a factor of f, which has a
value in the range of 1.2 to 5, than the relative compressibility
of a textile comparison fabric, the production of which differs
from the production of the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I)
only in that the high-performance filament yarn of the textile
comparison fabric is not volumized.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0004] The production of the above mentioned textile comparison
fabric differs from the production of the penetration-resistant
textile fabric (I) only in that the high-performance yarn of the
textile comparison fabric is not volumized. This means that during
the production of the textile comparison fabric, the same filament
forming base material, thus e.g. the same filament forming polymer
with the same molecular weight, is spun in the same spinning method
into a high-performance filament yarn as during the production of
the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I). However, the
high-performance filament yarn which is used to produce the
penetration-resistant textile comparison fabric is not volumized
and is processed in the same way as for the production of the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) into the textile
comparison fabric.
[0005] Surprisingly, the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I)
is characterized by an improved fragment protection action at the
same ballistic protection.
[0006] This is even more surprising, as the essential volumization
of the high-performance filament yarn used in the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) is associated with a clear
deterioration of the mechanical characteristics of the yarn in the
form of a reduction in the breaking tenacity of the yarn, e.g. by
20%, and in the elongation at rupture of the yarn e.g. by 11%. In
view of such drastically worsened yarn characteristics, a person
skilled in the art would have to expect that the ballistic and
fragment protection of a textile fabric which comprises a yarn of
this type would be likewise drastically reduced. A person skilled
in the art would already be surprised if the ballistic and fragment
protection of a textile fabric which comprises a yarn of this type
was only slightly reduced. Therefore, it must indeed surprise a
person skilled in the art when the ballistic and fragment
protection of a textile fabric which contains a yarn of this type
not only does not decrease, but instead remains as high in regard
to ballistic protection, and even significantly increases in regard
to fragment protection.
[0007] Further, the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I)
surprisingly has an improved stab resistance efficiency which, in
view of the previously described clear deterioration of the
mechanical characteristics of the high-performance filament yarn
due to the volumization thereof, is even more surprising.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the penetration-resistant textile
fabric (I) comprises a high-performance filament yarn with a
strength of at least 1700 MPa (120 cN/tex), particularly preferably
at least 2160 MPa (150 cN/tex), measured without twist according to
ASTM D-885.
[0009] In a further preferred embodiment of the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (I), the high-performance
filament yarn is selected from the group that consists of aramid
filament yarns, polybenzoxazole filament yarns, polybenzothiazole
filament yarns, and thermoplastic filament yarns, such as liquid
crystalline polyester filament yarns, or a mixture of at least two
of the above mentioned filament yarns. This means, that for example
the high-performance filament yarn is selected either from the
group that only comprises aramid filament yarns, or only
polybenzoxazole filament yarns, or only polybenzothiazole filament
yarns, or only thermoplastic filament yarns, such as liquid
crystalline polyester filament yarns. Further, this means that for
example the high-performance filament yarn can comprise a mixture
of aramid filament yarns with polybenzoxazole and/or
polybenzothiazole and/or thermoplastic filament yarns such as
liquid crystalline polyester filament yarns. Further, this means
that for example the high-performance filament yarn can also
comprise a mixture of polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole
filament yarns.
[0010] As used herein, aramid filament yarns refers to filament
yarns that are produced from aramids, i.e. from aromatic
polyamides, wherein at least 85% of the amide linkages (--CO--NH--)
are attached directly to two aromatic rings. An aromatic polyimide
that is particularly preferred is polyparaphenylene
terephthalamide, a homopolymer resulting from the mole-for-mole
polymerization of paraphenylene diamine and terephthaloyl
dichloride. Further, aromatic copolymers in which paraphenylene
diamine and/or terephthaloyl dichloride are partially or completely
substituted by other aromatic diamines or dicarboxylic acid
chlorides are also suitable.
[0011] As used herein, polybenzoxazole filament yarns and
polybenzothiazole filament yarns refers to filament yarns that are
produced from polybenzoxazoles or from polybenzothiazoles, i.e.
from polymers having the structural units presented in the
following, whereby the aromatic groups attached to the nitrogen are
preferably carbocyclic, as shown in the structural units. However,
said groups can also be heterocyclic. In addition, the aromatic
groups attached to the nitrogen are preferably six-membered rings,
as shown in the structural units. However, said groups can also be
formed as fused or unfused polycyclic systems.
##STR00001##
[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the penetration-resistant textile
fabric (I) has high-performance filament yarns with a single
filament linear density in the range from 0.4 dtex to 3.0 dtex,
particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 dtex to 1.5 dtex, and
in particular in the range from 0.8 dtex to 1.2 dtex.
[0013] In a further preferred embodiment, the penetration-resistant
textile fabric (I) has high-performance filament yarns with a yarn
linear density in the range from 100 dtex to 6000 dtex,
particularly preferably in the range from 210 dtex to 3360 dtex,
and in particular in the range from 550 dtex to 1680 dtex.
[0014] The penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) is preferably a
woven, a knitted fabric, or a unidirectional or multiaxial
composite.
[0015] Further, the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) can be
a woven double layer. The structure of woven double layers of this
type is described in WO 02/075238.
[0016] If the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) is a woven
fabric, the woven fabric is preferably a plain weave, twill weave,
satin weave or derivations or combinations thereof. The
penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) can be produced from the
volumized high-performance filament yarn e.g. using a rigid gripper
weaving machine, a ribbon gripper weaving machine, a projectile
weaving machine, an air-jet weaving machine or a water-jet weaving
machine.
[0017] If the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) is a knitted
fabric, then the knitted fabric is preferably configured such that
the threads run parallel to each other in at least one of the
possible thread directions and are fixed by a loop forming binding
thread system having at least one thread, with a preferably low
weight and volume percent of the knitted fabric.
[0018] If the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) is a
multiaxial composite, the multiaxial composite consists preferably
of two to six, particularly preferably of two layers of
high-performance filament yarns of the previously described type
lying parallel, wherein the high-performance filament yarns of one
layer have an angle a in respect to the high-performance filament
yarns of the adjacent layer and a preferably lies in the range from
0.degree. to 90.degree. and particularly preferably in the range
from 20.degree. to 70.degree., wherein a value of
.alpha.=45.degree. is more particularly preferred. Further, the at
least two layers of high-performance filament yarns of the
previously described type lying parallel are preferably connected
to each other by a loop or seam forming binding thread system
having at least one thread, with a preferably low weight and volume
percent in relation to the multiaxial composite.
[0019] The penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) comprises a
high-performance filament yarn of the previously described type
that is characterized in that the high-performance filament yarn is
a volumized high-performance filament yarn. The volumization of the
high-performance filament yarn can thereby in principle be carried
out by any method that is in a position to increase the volume of
the high-performance filament yarn used to the extent that the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (I), which comprises the
volumized high-performance filament yarn, has a relative
compressibility, measured in the previously described way according
to DIN 53885 (October 1997), which is greater by a factor of f,
which has a value in the range from 1.2 to 5, than the relative
compressibility of a textile comparison fabric, the production of
which differs from the production of the penetration-resistant
textile fabric (I) only in that the high-performance filament yarn
of the textile comparison fabric is not volumized.
[0020] A method for volumization is e.g. shrinkage. Accordingly, in
a preferred embodiment of the penetration-resistant textile fabric
(I), the volumized, high-performance filament yarn comprises
high-performance filaments--preferably aramid filaments,
polybenzoxazole filaments, polybenzothiazole filaments, liquid
crystalline polyester filaments, or a mixture of at least two of
the filaments just indicated--and shrunken filaments, such as
polyacrylonitrile filaments. To produce a yarn of this type, the
high-performance filaments and the shrinkable filaments, such as
stretched polyacrylonitrile filaments, are mixed, processed into a
mixed filament yarn, and the shrinkage is activated in the mixed
filament yarn, by which means the high-performance filament yarns
do not themselves shrink; however, an increase of the volume occurs
due to the shrinkage of the shrinkable filaments so that the
desired volumized high-performance filament yarn results.
[0021] A preferred method for volumizing is texturizing the
high-performance filament yarn used, e.g. by false-twist or
knit-de-knit texturizing, wherein knit-de-knit texturizing is
particularly preferred. Knit-de-knit texturizing means that the
high-performance filament yarn used is fed into a circular knitting
machine, for example having a diameter from 1 to 50 inches, a
fineness of preferably 5 to 20 gauge, and the resulting tube is
steam treated twice for a time period in the range from 10 to 60
minutes at a temperature of >100.degree. C., for example in an
autoclave, and undone. The knit-de-knit texturized yarn thus
treated has a wave-like structure afterwards, indeed even if the
knit-de-knit texturized high-performance filament yarn is a
knit-de-knit texturized aramid filament yam. The latter is
surprising for a person skilled in the art because up until now it
has been assumed that aramid filament yarns cannot be
texturized.
[0022] In embodiments, the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I)
has a relative compressibility, measured in the previously
described way according to DIN 53885 (October 1997), which is
greater by a factor of f, which has a value in the range from 1.2
to 5, than the relative compressibility of a textile comparison
fabric, the production of which differs from the production of the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) only in that the
high-performance filament yarn of the textile comparison fabric is
not volumized. In the indicated value range of the factor f, the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (I) surprisingly has an
improved fragment protection and additionally an improved stab
resistance efficiency at the same ballistic protection. If f is
smaller than 1.2, the above mentioned combination of
characteristics is not observed. If f is greater than 5, structures
are present whose low degree of orientation in the longitudinal
direction of the fibers leads to a clear reduction of the energy
dissipation required for ballistic protection.
[0023] The just mentioned surprising combination of characteristics
of improved fragment protection at the same ballistic protection
and additionally an improved stab resistance efficiency is
especially clearly distinct if the factor f lies in the range from
1.4 to 4, and particularly preferably in the range from 1.6 to 3.0.
Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the penetration-resistant
textile fabric (I), the factor f has a value in the range from 1.4
to 4, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, a value in the
range from 1.6 to 3.0.
[0024] The previously described surprising combination of
characteristics of improved fragment protection at the same
ballistic protection and additionally an improved stab resistance
efficiency, is correspondingly transferred to articles which
comprise the penetration-resistant textile fabric (I). Therefore,
an article (Al) comprising at least one penetration-resistant
textile fabric (I) is likewise part of the present invention,
wherein a person skilled in the art who understands the invention
can easily determine the number of penetration-resistant textile
fabrics (I) necessary for a certain embodiment of the article
(AI).
[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the article (AI) is
[0026] i) a helmet, vehicle armor, a ceramic composite plate, or
another protective structure which is strengthened by means of
resin matrices, or
[0027] ii) a fragment protection mat, a bullet-proof vest, a flak
jacket, a stab-resistant vest, or a combination of at least two of
the indicated articles, such as a combined bullet-proof vest and
flak jacket.
[0028] In a further preferred embodiment, the article (AI) is a
combined bullet-, fragment-, and stab-resistant vest.
[0029] The underlying object is further achieved by a
penetration-resistant textile fabric (II) comprising at least one
untwisted high-performance filament yarn with a strength of at
least 1100 MPa measured without twist according to ASTM D-885,
characterized in that the textile fabric (II) is a volumized
textile fabric to the extent that the volumized textile fabric has
a relative compressibility measured according to DIN 53885 (October
1997), determined by measuring the initial thickness at a measuring
pressure of 0.5 N/cm.sup.2 and the end thickness at a measuring
pressure of 5 N/cm.sup.2, wherein the relative compressibility is
greater by a factor of f, which has a value in the range of 1.2 to
5, than the relative compressibility of a textile comparison fabric
which differs from the volumized textile fabric only in that it is
not volumized.
[0030] That the above-mentioned textile comparison fabric differs
from the penetration-resistant textile fabric (II) only in that it,
the textile comparison fabric, is not volumized, meaning that,
during the production of the textile comparison fabric, the same
filament forming base material, thus e.g. the same filament forming
polymer with the same molecular weight, is spun in the same
spinning method into a high-performance filament yarn and is
subsequently processed into the textile comparison fabric in the
same way as the penetration-resistant textile fabric (II) is
processed, wherein however the textile comparison fabric is not
volumized.
[0031] Surprisingly, the penetration-resistant textile fabric (II)
is also characterized by an improved fragment protection at the
same ballistic protection and additionally by an improved stab
resistance efficiency.
[0032] This is even more surprising since the essential
volumization of the penetration-resistant textile fabric (II) is
associated with a clear deterioration of the mechanical
characteristics of the penetration-resistant textile fabric (II)
such as the breaking tenacity thereof. In view of this
deterioration, a person skilled in the art would have to expect
that the ballistic and fragment protection as well as the stab
protection of the textile fabric with such a deterioration in its
mechanical characteristics would be likewise drastically reduced.
Consequently, it must surprise a person skilled in the art when the
ballistic and fragment protection of the textile fabric (II) with a
deterioration in its mechanical characteristics not only does not
decrease, but instead remains as high in regard to ballistic
protection, and even significantly increases in regard to fragment
protection, and that the penetration-resistant textile fabric (II)
additionally shows an improved stab resistance efficiency.
[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the penetration-resistant textile
fabric (II) comprises a high-performance filament yarn with a
strength of at least 1700 MPa (120 cN/tex), particularly preferably
at least 2160 MPa (150 cN/tex) measured without twist according to
ASTM D-885.
[0034] In a further preferred embodiment of the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (II), the high-performance
filament yarn is selected from the group that consists of aramid
filament yarns, polybenzoxazole filament yams, polybenzothiazole
filament yarns, and thermoplastic filament yarns, such as liquid
crystalline polyester filament yarns, or a mixture of at least two
of the above mentioned filament yarns. This means analogously the
same as was already stated during the description of the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (I).
[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the penetration-resistant textile
fabric (II) has high-performance filament yarns with a single
filament linear density in the range from 0.4 dtex to 3.0 dtex,
particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 dtex to 1.5 dtex, and
in particular in the range from 0.8 dtex to 1.2 dtex.
[0036] In a further preferred embodiment, the penetration-resistant
textile fabric (II) has high-performance filament yarns with a yarn
linear density from 100 dtex to 6000 dtex, particularly preferably
in the range from 210 dtex to 3360 dtex, and in particular in the
range from 550 dtex to 1680 dtex.
[0037] The volumized, penetration-resistant textile fabric (II) is
preferably a woven, a knitted fabric, or a unidirectional or
multiaxial composite.
[0038] Further, the penetration-resistant textile fabric (II) can
be a woven double layer. The structure of woven double layers of
this type is described in WO 02/075238.
[0039] If the volumized penetration-resistant textile fabric (II)
is a woven, the woven is preferably a plain weave, twill weave,
satin weave or derivations or combinations thereof.
[0040] If the volumized penetration-resistant textile fabric (II)
is a knitted fabric, then the knitted fabric is preferably
configured such that the inventive threads run parallel to each
other in at least one of the possible thread directions and are
fixed by a loop forming binding thread system having at least one
thread, with a preferably low weight and volume percent of the
knitted fabric.
[0041] If the volumized penetration-resistant textile fabric (II)
is a multiaxial composite, the multiaxial composite consists
preferably of two to six, particularly preferably of two layers of
high-performance filament yarns of the previously described type
lying parallel, wherein the high-performance filament yarns of one
layer have an angle a in respect to the high-performance filament
yarns of the adjacent layer and a preferably lies in the range from
0.degree. to 90.degree. and particularly preferably in the range
from 20.degree. to 70.degree., wherein a value of
.alpha.=45.degree. is more particularly preferred. In addition, the
at least two layers of high-performance filament yarns of the
previously described type lying parallel are preferably connected
to each other by a loop or seam forming binding thread system
having at least one thread, with a preferably low weight and volume
percent in relation to the multiaxial composite.
[0042] The penetration-resistant textile fabric (II) is
characterized in that it is a volumized penetration-resistant
textile fabric. The volumization of the textile fabric can be
thereby implemented in principle by any method that is in the
position to increase the volume of the penetration-resistant
textile fabric used to the extent that the inpenetration-resistant
textile fabric has a relative compressibility, measured in the
previously described way according to DIN 53885 (October 1997),
which is greater by a factor of f, which has a value in the range
from 1.2 to 5, than the relative compressibility of a textile
fabric which differs from the volumized textile fabric only in that
it is not volumized.
[0043] A suitable method for volumization is e.g. shrinkage. For
this purpose, a penetration-resistant textile fabric is used that
contains in addition to the previously described high-performance
filament yarn a shrinkable yarn, e.g. a stretched polyacrylonitrile
yarn, which effects by its shrinkage the volumization of the
penetration-resistant textile fabric used when the shrinkage is
activated, by which means the volumized penetration-resistant
textile fabric (II) is generated.
[0044] Consequently, in a preferred embodiment, the volumized
textile fabric (II) is a fabric that contains in addition to the
high-performance filament yarn a shrunken yarn, e.g. a shrunken
polyacrylonitrile yarn.
[0045] The penetration-resistant textile fabric (II) has a.
relative compressibility, measured in the previously described way
according to DIN 53885 (October 1997), which is greater by a factor
of f, which has a value in the range from 1.2 to 5, than the
relative compressibility of a textile comparison fabric which
differs from the volumized textile fabric only in that it is not
volumized. In the indicated value range of the factor f, the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (II) has an improved fragment
protection and additionally an improved stab resistance efficiency
at the same ballistic protection. If f is smaller than 1.2, the
above mentioned combination of characteristics is not observed. If
f is greater than 5, structures are present whose low degree of
orientation in the longitudinal direction of the fibers leads to a
clear reduction of the energy dissipation required for ballistic
protection.
[0046] The just mentioned surprising combination of characteristics
of improved fragment protection at the same ballistic protection
and improved stab resistance efficiency is especially clearly
distinct if the factor f lies in the range from 1.4 to 4, and
particularly preferably in the range from 1.6 to 3.0. Therefore, in
a preferred embodiment of the penetration-resistant textile fabric
(II), the factor f has a value in the range from 1.4 to 4, and in a
particularly preferred embodiment, a value in the range from 1.6 to
3.0.
[0047] The previously described surprising combination of
characteristics of improved fragment protection at the same
ballistic protection and an improved stab resistance efficiency,
which is inherent in the penetration-resistant textile fabric (II),
is correspondingly transferred to articles which comprise the
penetration-resistant textile fabric (II). Therefore, an article
(AII) comprising at least one penetration-resistant textile fabric
(II) is likewise an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a
person skilled in the art w could easily determine the number of
penetration-resistant textile fabrics (II) necessary for a certain
embodiment of the article (AII).
[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the article (AII) is
[0049] i) a helmet, vehicle armor, a ceramic composite plate, or
another protective structure which is respectively strengthened by
means of resin matrices, or
[0050] ii) a fragment protection mat, a bullet-proof vest, a flak
jacket, a stab-resistant vest, or a combination of at least two of
the indicated articles, such as a combined bullet-proof vest and
flak jacket.
[0051] In a further preferred embodiment, the article (AII) is a
combined bullet-, fragment-, and stab-resistant vest.
[0052] Embodiments of the invention will now be described in more
detail in the following examples. The following measuring methods
will be used therein:
[0053] The breaking tenacity and the elongation at rupture are
measured according to ASTM D-885, however without twist.
[0054] The relative compressibility of the woven is measured
according to DIN 53885 (October 1997) with the difference that the
initial thickness is measured at a measuring pressure of 0.5
N/cm.sup.2 and the end thickness at a measuring pressure of 5.0
N/cm2.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
[0055] A polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn
(Twaron.RTM. type 2040, 930 dtex, f1000 t0 (t0 means twist=0, thus
an untwisted yarn) available from Teijin Aramid GmbH) with a
breaking tenacity of 200 cN/tex, i.e. 2880 MPa, and an elongation
at rupture of 3.0% is knit-de-knit texturized as described in the
following: The polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn is
fed into a circular knitting machine with a diameter of 3.5 inches
and with a fineness of 13 gauge and the resulting tube is steam
treated twice for 30 minutes at 120.degree. C. and undone. The
knit-de-knit texturized yarn thus treated has a wave-like
structure.
[0056] As a result of the knit-de-knit texturizing, the breaking
tenacity of the polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn
deteriorates to a value of 160 cN/tex (2240 MPa), i.e. by 20%, and
the elongation at rupture to 2.66%, i.e. by 11%.
[0057] The knit-de-knit polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament
yarn is processed at a thread count of 8.5 per cm in warp and weft
on a rigid gripper weaving machine to a plain weave with a mass per
unit area of 165 g/m.sup.2.
[0058] The woven comprising the polyparaphenylene terephthalamide
filament yarn has a relative compressibility of 28.3%.
[0059] 16 layers of the woven comprising the knit-de-knit
texturized polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn are
stacked in the unprocessed state, i.e. without removing the finish
through e.g. a washing process and without applying a
water-repellent finish, into a package. The package is humidity
conditioned at a temperature of 20.degree. C. for 20 h at a
relative humidity of 65% and has a mass per unit area of 2.6
kg/m.sup.2. The humidity conditioned package is bombarded with
fragment simulating projectiles according to STANAG 2920 (1.1 g
fragments) and the v.sub.50 (fragment) value, i.e. the shot
velocity at which 50% of all shots are sustained, is determined.
The value of v.sub.50(fragment) is 483 m/s (see Table 1).
Comparison Example 1
[0060] A polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn (Twaron
type 2040, 930 dtex, f1000 t0 (t0 means twist=0, thus an untwisted
yarn) available from Teijin Aramid GmbH) with a breaking tenacity
of 200 cN/tex, i.e. 2880 MPa, and an elongation at rupture of 3% is
processed into a woven as in Example 1 but in the non-texturized
state. This means that the yarn is not knit-de-knit texturized
prior to being processed into the woven and is otherwise not
subjected to any volumization treatment.
[0061] The woven comprising the non-texturized polyparaphenylene
terephthalamide filament yarn has a relative compressibility of
12.5%.
[0062] 16 layers of the woven consisting of the non-texturized
polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn are stacked in the
unprocessed state into a package and humidity-conditioned as in
Example 1. The package has a mass per unit area of 2.6 kg/m.sup.2.
As in Example 1, v.sub.50(fragment) is determined for the
humidity-conditioned package. The value of v.sub.50(fragment) is
453 m/s (see Table 1).
Example 2
[0063] A polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn
(Twaron.degree. type 2040, 930 dtex, f1000 t0 (t0 means twist=0,
thus an untwisted yarn) available from Teijin Aramid GmbH) with a
breaking tenacity of 200 cN/tex, i.e. 2880 MPa, and an elongation
at rupture of 3% is knit-de-knit texturized as in Example 1.
[0064] As a result of the knit-de-knit texturizing, the breaking
tenacity of the polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn
deteriorates to a value of 160 cN/tex (2240 MPa), i.e. by 20%, and
the elongation at rupture to 2.66%, i.e. by 11%.
[0065] The knit-de-knit polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament
yarn is processed as in Example 1 into a woven.
[0066] The woven consisting of the knit-de-knit polyparaphenylene
terephthalamide filament yarn has a relative compressibility of
28.3%.
[0067] 26 layers of the woven comprising the knit-de-knit
texturized polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn are
stacked in the unprocessed state, i.e. without removing the finish
through e.g. a washing process and without applying a
water-repellent finish, into a package. The package is humidity
conditioned at a temperature of 20.degree. C. for 20 h at a
relative humidity of 65% and has a mass per unit area of 4.25
kg/m.sup.2. The humidity-conditioned package is bombarded with 9 mm
DM 41 ammunition and the v.sub.50 (projectile) value is determined.
The v.sub.50 (projectile) value is 473.+-.10 m/s (see Table 1).
Comparison Example 2
[0068] A polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn*
(Twaron.RTM. type 2040, 930 dtex, f1000 t0 (t0 means twist=0, thus
an untwisted yarn) available from Teijin Aramid GmbH) with a
breaking tenacity of 200 cN/tex, i.e. 2880 MPa, and an elongation
at rupture of 3% is processed into a woven as in Example 2 but in
the non-texturized state. This means that the yarn is not
knit-de-knit texturized prior to being processed into the woven and
is otherwise not subjected to any volumization treatment.
[0069] The woven consisting of the non-texturized polyparaphenylene
terephthalamide filament yarn has a relative compressibility of
12.5%.
[0070] 26 layers of the woven comprising the non-texturized
polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn are stacked into a
package and humidity conditioned as in Example 2. As in Example 2,
the v.sub.50 (projectile) value is determined for the
humidity-conditioned package. The v.sub.50 (projectile) value is
478.+-.6 m/s (see Table 1).
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Relative compressibility Yarn of the woven
v.sub.50(fragment) [m/s] Example 1 knit-de-knit 28.3% 483
texturized f = 2.26 Comparison non-texturized 12.5% 453 example 1
v.sub.50(projectile) [m/s] Example 2 knit-de-knit 28.3% 473 .+-. 10
texturized f = 2.26 Comparison non-texturized 12.5% 478 .+-. 6
example 2
[0071] Table 1 shows that the woven made of the knit-de-knit
texturized yarn has, at the same good ballistic protection (compare
Example 2 with Comparison example 2), a fragment protection that is
6.6% higher in comparison to the woven made from non-texturized
yarn (compare Example 1 with Comparison example 1).
Example 3
[0072] 25 layers of a woven made of the knit-de-knit texturized
polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn and produced as in
Example 1 are stacked in the unprocessed state into a package. The
package is humidity conditioned as in Example 1 and has a mass per
unit area of 4.1 kg/m.sup.2. According to the "Home Office
Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB) Body Armour Standards for UK
Police (2007), Part 3: Knife and Spike Resistance", the package is
subjected to a stab protection test with a P1/B knife, said knife
being described in the above mentioned standard on page 6, section
5.3, FIG. 2, and on page 21. For this purpose, the package to be
tested is laid on an elastic foam of 66 mm thickness. The foam
simulates the human body. The foam lies on a metal plate. The
package to be tested, lying on the foam, is stabbed with the
previously designated P1/B knife, which has a specific kinetic
energy. The penetration depth of the knife into the foam is then
measured. The penetration depth in the foam simulates the depth
with which the knife would penetrate the body of the attacked
person during a knife attack at a specific energy of the knife.
[0073] Afterwards, the kinetic energy of the knife is increased and
the penetration depth of the knife into the foam that occurs at the
increased kinetic energy is determined. The results are shown in
Table 2.
Comparison Example 3
[0074] 25 layers of a woven made of the non-texturized
polyparaphenylene terephthalamide filament yarn, produced as in
Comparison example 1, are stacked in the unprocessed state into a
package. The package is humidity conditioned as in Example 1 and
has a mass per unit area of 4.1 kg/m.sup.2. According to the "Home
Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB) Body Armour Standards
for UK Police (2007), Part 3: Knife and Spike Resistance", the
package is subjected to a stab protection test with a P1/B knife as
in Example 3. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Kinetic energy of the P1/B knife Package
from Package from [Joules] Example 3 Comparison example 3 10.2
Penetration depth = Penetration depth = 7 mm 32 mm 36.0 Penetration
depth = Complete penetration 16 mm
[0075] Table 2 shows that, during the stabbing of the package from
Example 3, made from the woven layers made of knit-de-knit
texturized filament yarn, at a kinetic energy of the knife of 10.2
joules, the penetration depth of the knife into the foam is only 7
mm, while at the same kinetic energy of the knife, the stabbing of
the package from Comparison example 3, made from woven layers made
of non-texturized filament yarn, leads to a penetration depth of 32
mm into the foam.
[0076] Table 2 further shows that, during the stabbing of the
package from Example 3, made from the woven layers made of
knit-de-knit texturized filament yarn, at a kinetic energy of the
knife of 36 joules, the penetration depth of the knife into the
foam is only 16 mm, while at the same kinetic energy of the knife,
the stabbing of the package from Comparison example 3, made from
woven layers made of non-texturized filament yarn, leads to
complete penetration of the foam, such that the knife hits the
metal plate on which the foam lies.
* * * * *