Systemic Carnitine Deficiency Gene And Uses Thereof

Abstract

The gene responsible for systemic carnitine deficiency was found to be the OCTN2 gene involved in the transportation of organic cations. This invention enables tests for this disease by detecting whether or not the OCTN2 gene has a mutation. Furthermore, systemic carnitine deficiency can be treated using the normal OCTN2 gene and its protein.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/193,654, filed on Aug. 18, 2008, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/940,500, filed on Sep. 13, 2004 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,860), which in turn is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/798,743, filed on Mar. 2, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,790,831), which is a continuation of PCT/JP99/04853, filed on Sep. 7, 1999 (now expired), and claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 10/252,683, filed on Sep. 7, 1998. The contents of each of these applications are incorporated in their entirety by reference herein.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF SEQUENCE LISTING FILED ELECTRONICALLY

[0002] An electronic version of the Sequence Listing is filed herewith, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. The computer-readable file, created on Aug. 15, 2008, is 64.0 kilobytes in size and titled 14875073003SeqList.txt.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] This invention relates to molecules used in the testing and treatment of systemic carnitine deficiency, as well as methods for testing the disease.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Systemic Carnitine Deficiency (SCD) is a human genetic disease inherited through autosomal recessive inheritance, the main symptoms being skeletal or cardiac muscle disorders (NIM 212140) (Roe, C. R. and Coates, P. M., Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder, The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited diseases 7th ed., edited by Scriver, C. R., Beaudet, A. L., Sly, W. S. and Valle, D., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995, 1508-1509; Karpati, G. et al., The syndrome of systemic carnitine deficiency: clinical, morphologic, biochemical, and pathophysiologic features, Neurology 1975, 25:16-24). Serum carnitine levels and intra-tissue carnitine levels are known to be extremely low in these patients compared to healthy individuals. Carnitine is an indispensable co-factor in the long-chain fatty acid metabolism. A carnitine-mediated mechanism enables intracellular fatty acids to permeate mitochondrial outer and inner membranes, and energy is produced when these fatty acids undergo .beta.-oxidation within the mitochondria (Walter, J. H., L-Carnitine, Arch Dis Child, 1996, 74:475-478; Bremer, J., Carnitine metabolism and functions, Physiol Rev, 1983, 1420-1480). The abnormal decrease of carnitine concentration in systemic carnitine deficiency patients is thought to be the direct cause of diseases in tissues such as muscles that require a large amount of energy. Membrane physiological studies done using fibroblasts from systemic carnitine deficiency patients have shown that these cells lack the mechanism to transport carnitine from the outside of the cell to the inside. A gene that encodes a protein involved in this mechanism is presumed to be the gene responsible for this disease (Tein, I. et al., Impaired skin fibroblast carnitine uptake in primary systemic carnitine deficiency manifested by childhood carnitine-responsive cardiomyopathy, Pediatr Res, 1990, 28:247-255). However, the gene responsible for systemic carnitine deficiency is yet to be isolated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] An objective of the present invention is to provide the gene responsible for systemic carnitine deficiency. Moreover, this invention aims to provide a molecule used in the testing and treatment of systemic carnitine deficiency, as well as a method for testing the disease.

[0006] The Inventors isolated several genes encoding proteins involved in the transport of organic cations. Among these, the Inventors discovered the human gene (human OCTN2 gene) having an activity to transport carnitine in a sodium ion dependent manner, and the corresponding mouse gene (mouse OCTN2 gene) (Japanese Patent Application Hei 9-260972, Japanese Patent Application Hei 10-156660). The Inventors thought that the isolated OCTN2 gene might be the gene responsible for systemic carnitine deficiency, and evaluated this possibility.

[0007] Specifically, the nucleotide sequence of the OCTN2 gene of the systemic carnitine deficiency mouse model and systemic carnitine deficiency patients were analyzed. As a result, the Inventors discovered the presence of various mutations in the OCTN2 gene of both the mouse model and systemic carnitine deficiency patients. In other words, for the first time in the world, the Inventors succeeded in revealing that systemic carnitine deficiency is caused by mutations in the OCTN2 gene.

[0008] Moreover, due to the close relationship of OCTN2 gene mutation and systemic carnitine deficiency, the Inventors found that this disease can be tested by examining whether or not there is a mutation in the OCTN2 gene of a patient.

[0009] It was also found that systemic carnitine deficiency could be treated by using the normal OCTN2 gene and its protein, to complete the invention.

[0010] Therefore, this invention relates to molecules used in the testing and treatment of systemic carnitine deficiency, as well as methods for testing the disease. More specifically, the present invention relates to:

[0011] (1) a DNA for testing systemic carnitine deficiency, wherein the DNA hybridizes to a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or the transcription regulatory region thereof, and comprises at least 15 nucleotides;

[0012] (2) a molecule as in any one of (a) to (c) below, which is used for the treatment of systemic carnitine deficiency,

[0013] (a) a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1,

[0014] (b) a compound that promotes the activity of the protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, or,

[0015] (c) a DNA encoding the protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;

[0016] (3) a pharmaceutical composition for treating systemic carnitine deficiency, comprising a molecule of (2) as the active ingredient;

[0017] (4) a pharmaceutical composition for treating systemic carnitine deficiency, comprising an antibody binding to the protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 as the active ingredient;

[0018] (5) a test method for systemic carnitine deficiency comprising the detection of a mutation in the DNA encoding the protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, or the transcription regulatory region of said DNA;

[0019] (6) the test method for systemic carnitine deficiency of (5) comprising the steps of,

[0020] (a) preparing a DNA sample from a patient,

[0021] (b) amplifying patient-derived DNA using the DNA of (1) as a primer,

[0022] (c) cleaving the amplified DNA,

[0023] (d) separating the DNA fragments by their size,

[0024] (e) hybridizing the DNA of (1) labeled by a detectable label as a probe to the DNA fragments separated, and,

[0025] (f) comparing the size of the DNA fragment detected with a control from a healthy individual,

[0026] (7) the test method for systemic carnitine deficiency of (5) comprising the steps of,

[0027] (a) preparing an RNA sample from a patient,

[0028] (b) separating the prepared RNA by size,

[0029] (c) hybridizing the DNA of (1) labeled by a detectable label as a probe to the RNA fragments separated, and,

[0030] (d) comparing the size of the RNA fragment detected with a control from a healthy individual,

[0031] (8) the test method for systemic carnitine deficiency of (5) comprising the steps of,

[0032] (a) preparing a DNA sample from a patient,

[0033] (b) amplifying patient-derived DNA using the DNA of (1) as a primer,

[0034] (c) dissociating the amplified DNA to single-stranded DNA,

[0035] (d) separating the dissociated single-stranded DNA on a non-denaturing gel, and,

[0036] (e) comparing the mobility of separated single stranded DNA on the gel with a control from a healthy individual,

[0037] (9) the test method for systemic carnitine deficiency of (5) comprising the steps of,

[0038] (a) preparing a DNA sample from a patient,

[0039] (b) amplifying patient-derived DNA using the DNA of (1) as a primer,

[0040] (c) separating the amplified DNA on a gel in which the concentration of the DNA denaturant gradually increases, and,

[0041] (d) comparing the mobility of separated DNA on the gel with a control from a healthy individual.

[0042] The present invention is based on the finding by the present inventors that systemic carnitine deficiency is caused by a mutation in the gene named "OCTN2". First and foremost, this invention relates to a molecule used in the testing and treatment of systemic carnitine deficiency, as well as a method for testing the disease.

[0043] In the present invention, the genomic DNA region (for example, SEQ ID NO:5) containing OCTN2, or an oligonucleotide (probe and primer) that hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence of the regulatory region (comprising the intron, promoter, and enhancer sequences as well) of OCTN2 is used.

[0044] This oligonucleotide preferably hybridizes specifically to the genomic DNA region containing OCTN2, or the regulatory region of OCTN2. Herein, "hybridizes specifically" indicates that cross-hybridization does not significantly occur with DNA encoding other proteins, under normal hybridizing conditions, preferably under stringent conditions (for example, the conditions in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning second edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, USA, 1989).

[0045] When using as a primer, the oligonucleotide is usually, 15 to 100 bp, preferably, 17 to 30 bp. The primer may be any, as long as it can amplify at least a part of the OCTN2 gene or the region regulating its expression. Such regions comprise, for example, the exon region of OCTN2, the intron region, the promoter region, and enhancer region.

[0046] On the other hand, the oligonucleotide used as a probe usually comprises at least 15 bp or more if it is a synthetic oligonucleotide. It is also possible to use a double stranded DNA obtained from a clone incorporated into a vector such as plasmid DNA. The probe may be any, as long as it specifically hybridizes to at least a part of the OCTN2 gene or the region regulating the expression of the gene. Regions to which the probe hybridizes include, for example, the exon region, intron region, promoter region, and enhancer region of the OCTN2 gene. When using as the probe, oligonucleotide or double stranded DNA is suitably labeled. Examples of labeling methods are, phosphorylating the 5' end of the oligonucleotide by .sup.32P using T4 polynucleotide kinase, and incorporating a substrate nucleotide labeled by an isotope such as .sup.32P, a fluorescent dye, or biotin, using the random hexamer oligonucleotide as a probe and using DNA polymerase such as the Klenow enzyme (random priming technique).

[0047] In the present invention, "a test method for systemic carnitine deficiency" includes not only a test for patients showing symptoms of systemic carnitine deficiency caused by a mutation of the OCTN2 gene, but also a test for detecting a mutation of the OCTN2 gene for determining whether or not the person tested is likely to develop systemic carnitine deficiency arising from a OCTN2 gene mutation. In other words, the risk of developing systemic carnitine deficiency may greatly increase in cases where one of the OCTN2 alleles develops a mutation, even when no symptoms are visible on the outside. Therefore, tests for specifying patients (carriers) having a mutation in an OCTN2 allele are also included in the invention.

[0048] In the present invention, a test method for systemic carnitine deficiency using the above oligonucleotides comprises the detection of a mutation in the OCTN2 gene or its transcription regulatory region. One embodiment of this method of testing is the direct determination of the nucleotide sequence of the patient's OCTN2 gene. For example, using the above oligonucleotide as the primer, the whole OCTN2 gene or a part of it is amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using as the template a DNA isolated from a patient suspected of having a disease caused by an OCTN2 mutation. By comparing this sequence with that of a healthy individual, it is possible to conduct a test for a disease arising from an OCTN2 gene mutation.

[0049] As the testing method of the invention, other than determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA derived directly from the patient, several other methods are also used. One such embodiment comprises the following steps of: (a) preparing a DNA sample from a patient; (b) amplifying the patient-derived DNA using the primer of this invention; (c) dissociating amplified DNA into single-stranded DNA; (d) separating the dissociated single-stranded DNA on a non-denaturing gel; and, (e) comparing the mobility of separated single stranded DNA on the gel with a control from a healthy individual.

[0050] An example of such a method is the PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method (Cloning and polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of anonymous Alu repeats on chromosome 11, Genomics, 1992 Jan. 1, 12(1):139-146; Detection of p53 gene mutations in human brain tumors by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products, Oncogene, 1991 Aug. 1, 6(8):1313-1318; Multiple fluorescence-based PCR-SSCP analysis with postlabeling, PCR Methods Appl. 1995 Apr. 1, 4(5):275-282). This method is comparatively easy to handle, and has various advantages such as requiring only a small amount of a sample, and therefore, is suitable for screening a large number of DNA samples. The principle of this method is as follows. When a double stranded DNA fragment is disassociated into single strands, each strand forms an original high-order structure depending on its nucleotide sequence. When these dissociated DNA strands are electrophoresed within a polyacrylamide gel free of denaturants, the single stranded DNAs that are complementary and have the same length, migrate to different positions according to the difference in their high-order structure. This high order structure of the single strands change even by a single nucleotide substitution showing different mobilities in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Therefore, the presence of a mutation in a DNA fragment due to point mutation, deletion, or insertion can be detected by the change in mobility.

[0051] Specifically, first, the whole OCTN2 gene or a part of it is amplified by PCR, and such. A length of 200 to 400 bp is usually preferred amplified range. Regions amplified include all the exons and all the introns of the OCTN2 gene, as well as the promoter and enhancer of the OCTN2 gene. PCR can be done, for example, according to conditions described in Example 1. When amplifying the gene fragment by PCR, a primer labeled by an isotope such as .sup.32P, a fluorescent dye, or biotin is used, or the DNA fragment synthesized by PCR after adding a substrate nucleotide labeled by an isotope such as .sup.32P, a fluorescent dye, or biotin, is labeled. Labeling can also be done by adding to the synthesized DNA fragment a substrate nucleotide labeled by an isotope such as .sup.32P, a fluorescent dye, or biotin, using the Klenow enzyme and such after the PCR reaction. The labeled DNA fragment thus obtained is denatured by heating and such, and electrophoresed in a polyacrylamide gel free of denaturants such as urea. Conditions for separating the DNA fragment can be improved by adding a suitable amount (about 5 to 10%) of glycerol to the polyacrylamide gel. Conditions of electrophoresis vary depending on the properties of the DNA fragment, but room temperature (from 20 to 25.degree. C.) is usually used. When a preferable separation cannot be accomplished, the temperature that gives the optimum mobility at 4 to 30.degree. C. is evaluated. Following electrophoresis, the mobility of the DNA fragment is detected by an autoradiography using X-ray films, a scanner that detects fluorescence, and so on, and analyzed. When a band having a difference in mobility is detected, this band is directly excised from the gel, re-amplified by PCR, and is directly sequenced to verify the presence of a mutation. Even when labeled DNA is not used, the band can be detected by staining the gel after electrophoresis with ethidium bromide, silver, and such.

[0052] Another embodiment of the test method of the present invention comprises the following steps of: (a) preparing a DNA sample from a patient; (b) amplifying patient-derived DNA using the primer of this invention; (c) cleaving the amplified DNA; (d) separating the DNA fragments according to their size; (e) hybridizing the probe DNA of the invention labeled with a detectable label to the DNA fragments separated; and (f) comparing the size of the detected DNA fragment with a control from a healthy individual.

[0053] Such methods include those using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), PCR-RFLP method, and so on. Restriction enzymes are usually used to cleave DNA. Specifically, compared to a DNA fragment of a healthy individual, the size of one obtained following restriction enzyme treatment changes when a mutation exists at the recognition site of the restriction enzyme, or when nucleotides have been inserted or deleted in the DNA fragment resulting from restriction enzyme treatment. The portion containing the mutation is amplified by PCR, the amplified products are treated with each restriction enzyme and electrophoresed to detect the mutation as the difference of mobility. Alternatively, chromosomal DNA is cleaved with these restriction enzymes, and after electrophoresis, the presence or absence of a mutation can be detected by southern-blotting using the probe DNA of the invention. The restriction enzymes used can be suitably selected according to each mutation. This method can use not only genomic DNA, but also cDNA made by treating RNA prepared from patients with reverse transcriptase, cleaving this cDNA as-it-is with restriction enzymes, and then conducting southern blotting. It is also possible to examine the changes in mobility after amplifying the whole OCTN2 gene, or a part of it, by PCR using the above cDNA as the template, and cleaving the amplified products by restriction enzymes.

[0054] A similar detection is also possible using RNA prepared from patients instead of DNA. This method includes the steps of: (a) preparing an RNA sample from a patient; (b) separating the prepared RNA according to their size; (c) hybridizing the probe DNA of the invention labeled by a detectable label to the separated RNA; and (d) comparing the size of the detected RNA with a control from a healthy individual. In a specific example of this method, RNA prepared from a patient is electrophoresed, northern blotting is done using the probe of the invention to detect the mobility change

[0055] Another embodiment of the method of the invention comprises the steps of: (a) preparing a DNA sample from a patient; (b) amplifying patient-derived DNA using the primer of this invention; (c) separating the amplified DNA on a gel in which the concentration of the DNA denaturant gradually increases; and, (d) comparing mobility of the DNA separated upon the gel with a control from a healthy individual.

[0056] An example of such a method is denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The whole OCTN2 gene or a part of it is amplified by a method such as PCR using the primer of the invention, and the amplified product is electrophoresed in a gel in which the concentration of the DNA denaturant gradually increases, and compared with a control from a healthy individual. In the case of a DNA having a mutation, the DNA fragment will become single stranded at a low denaturant concentration and the moving speed will become extremely slow. The presence or absence of a mutation can be detected by detecting the change in mobility.

[0057] Allele Specific Oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization can be used alternatively when the aim is to detect a mutation at a specific site. When an oligonucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence thought to have a mutation is prepared and this is hybridized with sample DNA, the hybrid formation efficiency will decrease when there is a mutation. This can be detected by southern blotting and by a method using the property of special fluorescent reagents that quench when intercalated into a hybrid gap. The detection by ribonuclease A mismatch cleavage method can also be used. Specifically, the whole OCTN2 gene, or a part of it, is amplified by a method such as PCR, and the amplified product is hybridized to labeled RNA prepared from OCTN2 cDNA and such incorporated into a plasmid vector, etc. The hybrids will be single stranded in the portion where a mutation exists. This portion is cleaved by ribonuclease A and the existence of a mutation can be detected by autoradiography, and such.

[0058] The present invention also relates to a test drug for systemic carnitine deficiency that comprises an antibody binding to the OCTN2 protein as the active ingredient. An antibody binding to the OCTN2 protein can be prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art. Polyclonal antibodies can be made by, obtaining the serum of small animals such as rabbits immunized with the OCTN2 protein (apart from the natural protein, recombinant OCTN2 proteins expressed in suitable host cells (E. coli, yeasts, mammals, and such), such as recombinant OCTN2 protein expressed in E. coli as a fusion protein with GST) of the present invention, or a partial peptide. The serum is then purified by, for example, ammonium sulfate precipitation, protein A or protein G column chromatography, DEAE ion exchange chromatography, or an affinity chromatography using a column to which the protein of the present invention or synthetic peptide is coupled. Monoclonal antibodies can be made by immunizing small animals such as mice with the OCTN2 protein or a partial peptide thereof, excising the spleen from the mouse, homogenizing it and separating cells, fusing the cells with mouse myeloma cells using a reagent such as polyethylene glycol, and selecting clones that produce an antibody binding to the OCTN2 protein from the fused cells (hybridomas) produced. Next, the obtained hybridomas are transplanted into the abdominal cavity of a mouse, and ascites are extracted from the mouse. The obtained monoclonal antibodies can be purified by, for example, ammonium sulfate precipitation, protein A or protein G column chromatography, DEAE ion exchange chromatography, or an affinity chromatography using a column to which the OCTN2 protein or synthesized peptide is coupled. When using the antibody as a test drug, it is mixed with sterile water, physiological saline, plant oils, surfactants, lipids, solubilizers, stabilizers (BSA, gelatin, etc.), preservatives, and such, according to needs. An example of a test for systemic carnitine deficiency features the staining of tissues collected or cells isolated from a patient by the enzyme-labeled antibody method, fluorescence-labeled antibody method, and test for a deficiency, abnormal accumulation, or abnormal intracellular distribution of the OCTN2 protein. Testing can also be done by preparing a cell-extract of tissues collected or cells isolated from a systemic carnitine deficiency patient, separating the cell-extract by methods such as SDS-PAGE, transferring onto a nitrocellulose membrane, PVDF membrane, and such, and then staining this by a method (western blotting, immunoblotting, etc) using the above-described enzyme-labeled antibody method, etc.

[0059] The present invention also relates to a therapeutic drug for systemic carnitine deficiency. One such embodiment has the OCTN2 gene as the active ingredient. When using the OCTN2 gene as a therapeutic drug, it is given to the patient by oral, intravenous, topical administration and such, as the full length OCTN2 chromosomal DNA, a part of it, or by incorporating the OCTN2 DNA into a suitable vector, for example, adenovirus vector, adeno associated virus vector, retro virus vector, or plasmid DNA. The ex vivo method can also be used for administration apart from the in vivo method. The transition and absorption into tissues can be enhanced by enclosing the gene in a liposome prepared by micellization of phospholipids, or by adding a cationic lipid and forming a complex with genomic DNA. Therefore, the method of the invention can replace a patient's mutated OCTN2 gene by a normal gene, and also additionally administer the normal gene, thereby enabling the treatment of systemic carnitine deficiency.

[0060] Another embodiment of the invention relating to a therapeutic drug of systemic carnitine deficiency comprises the OCTN2 protein as the active ingredient. The amino acid sequences of human and mouse OCTN2 proteins are shown in SEQ ID NOs:1 and 3, respectively. The OCTN2 protein can be prepared as a natural protein and also as a recombinant protein. The natural protein can be prepared by a method well known to one skilled in the art, for example, by isolating the OCTN2 protein from tissues or cells that show a high level expression of the protein (e.g. fetal kidney) by affinity chromatography using an antibody against a partial peptide of the OCTN2 protein. On the other hand, a recombinant protein can be prepared by culturing cells transformed by DNA (for example, SEQ ID NO:2) encoding the OCTN2 protein. Cells used for the production of recombinant proteins include mammalian cells such as, COS cells, CHO cells, and NIH3T3 cells, insect cells such as sf9 cells, yeast cells, and E. coli cells. Vectors for expressing the recombinant proteins within cells vary according to the host used, and normally, pcDNA3 (Invitrogen), pEF-BOS (Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18(17), 5322) and such are used as vectors for mammalian cells, the "BAC-to-BAC baculovirus expression system" (GIBCO BRL) and such are used for insect cells, "Pichia Expression Kit" (Invitrogen) and such are used for yeast cells, pGEX-5X-1 (Pharmacia), "QIAexpress system" (Qiagen) and such are used for E. coli cells. Vectors are introduced to hosts using, for example, the calcium phosphate method, DEAE dextran method, method using cationic liposome DOTAP (Boehringer Mannheim), and Superfect (Qiagen), electroporation method, calcium chloride method, and such. The recombinant protein can be purified from the transformant obtained usually using methods described in "The Qiaexpressionist handbook, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany".

[0061] When using the obtained OCTN2 protein as a therapeutic drug for treating systemic carnitine deficiency, the OCTN2 protein can be directly administered, or can be given after being formulated into a pharmaceutical composition by a well-known pharmaceutical manufacturing method. For example, the drug can be given after suitably combining with a generally used carrier or medium such as, sterilized water, physiological saline, plant oils, surfactants, lipids, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and such.

[0062] The dosage varies depending on factors such as the patient's body weight, age, healthiness, and method of administration, but a skilled artisan can suitably select the dosage. Usually, it is within the range from 0.01 to 1000 mg/kg. The administration can be done orally, intravenously, intramuscularly, or percutaneously. A skilled artisan can easily replace, add, or delete amino acid(s) in the amino acid sequence of the OCTN2 protein using a well-known method such as the site-specific mutation induction system using PCR (GIBCO-BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.), site-specific mutagenesis using oligonucleotides (Kramer, W. and Fritz, H J, 1987, Methods in Enzymol, 154:350-367), the Kunkel method (Methods Enzymol., 1988, 85:2763-2766), and such.

[0063] Another embodiment of the therapeutic drug for systemic carnitine deficiency uses a compound that enhances the activity of the OCTN2 protein as the active ingredient. Such a compound can be screened as follows. For example, a plasmid expressing the OCTN2 protein is constructed, and this is introduced into HEK293 cells by the calcium phosphate method. Radiolabeled carnitine and a test compound are added to this transformant and the carnitine transporting activity into the cells is determined. A compound that can enhance the carnitine transporting activity is selected by comparing with the activity of the OCTN2 protein in the absence of the test compound. See Japanese Patent Application Hei 9-260972 and Hei 10-156660 for the detailed method.

[0064] Similar to the above-mentioned use of the OCTN2 protein as a therapeutic drug, the isolated compound can also be formulated into a pharmaceutical composition using well-known pharmaceutical manufacturing methods. The dose range is usually within 0.01 to 1000 mg/kg.

[0065] It is also conceivable to utilize the region regulating OCTN2 gene expression or a factor that binds to this region for the treatment of systemic carnitine deficiency.

[0066] The OCTN2 gene comprising the region that regulates OCTN2 gene expression is useful in the above-mentioned gene therapy as it can express the OCTN2 gene under normal expression regulation in vivo by introducing it into patients who lack the OCTN2 gene, or who have a defect in OCTN2 gene expression.

[0067] Moreover, if the promoter site is determined from the upstream region of the OCTN2 gene, a compound that regulates OCTN2 gene expression amount can be simply screened by using a reporter gene expression vector having the above promoter site through examining the influence of various compounds on the production of reporter gene products. Such a screening method comprises the following steps of, (a) constructing a vector in which a reporter gene is ligated to the downstream of the promoter site, (b) introducing the vector into a suitable cell, and, (c) detecting the reporter gene activity by contacting or introducing a test compound to the above cell. Examples of the test compound include, proteins, peptides, synthetic compounds, natural compounds, genes, gene products, and such.

[0068] A compound regulating OCTN2 gene expression can also be screened by contacting a test sample with the promoter site, and selecting a compound (such as a protein) that binds to the promoter site. For example, a synthetic oligo DNA and such having the nucleotide sequence of the promoter site is prepared, this is bound to a suitable support such as Sepharose, and contacted with a cell-extract, and such. Then, a transcription factor and such that binds to this promoter site and regulates OCTN2 gene expression can be purified by, for example, affinity chromatography.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0069] FIG. 1 shows the direct sequencing of the mouse OCTN2 gene amplified by RT-PCR. wt/wt shows wild-type homologous mouse (SEQ ID NO:27), and jvs/jvs shows the jvs homologous mouse (SEQ ID NO:28). OCTN2 gene of the jvs mouse has a mutation at the nucleotide shown by the arrow.

[0070] FIG. 2 is electrophoretic images showing the mutation in the OCTN2 gene of the jvs mouse, which was detected using the PCR-RFLP method (Cfr 131 cleavage). The fragment shown by the arrow head derives from the normal gene, and the fragments shown by the arrows were due to the mutated gene.

[0071] FIG. 3 shows results of the carnitine transporting activity assay of wild-type mouse OCTN2 and the mutant mouse OCTN2. A sodium-dependent carnitine transporting activity is seen for the wild type, whereas the mutant (Jvs) shows absolutely no activity. "Mock" is when a cDNA-non-containing vector was used as the control.

[0072] FIG. 4 is an electrophoretic image showing the results of western blot analysis using anti myc antibody. It can be seen that the wild-type OCTN2 protein (wild) and the mutant OCTN2 protein (Jvs) is produced in similar amounts. "Mock" is when a cDNA-non-containing vector was used as the control.

[0073] FIG. 5 shows the results of OCTN2 gene analysis in the KR family. The pedigree chart of this family is shown on top. Squares indicate males, circles females, filled ones individuals having systemic carnitine deficiency, and crossed squares indicate deceased individuals. An electrophoretic image showing the PCR results is given below. "N" shows the results of the normal gene used as the control. The fragments shown by the arrowhead are PCR products derived from the normal gene, and the fragments shown by the arrow derived from the gene where the defect exits.

[0074] FIG. 6 shows the results of sequencing exon 1 of the OCTN2 gene. Compared to the normal OCTN2 gene (upper panel; wild-type; nucleotides 214 to 234 of SEQ ID NO:5), the OCTN2 of systemic carnitine deficiency patients (lower panel; SEQ ID NO:29) belonging to the AK family, show an insertion of a cytosine residue at the position indicated by the arrow.

[0075] FIG. 7 shows the results of sequencing exon 2 of the OCTN2 gene. Compared to the normal OCTN2 gene (upper panel; wild-type; nucleotides 8,630 to 8,648 of SEQ ID NO:5), the OCTN2 of systemic carnitine deficiency patients (lower panel; SEQ ID NO:30) belonging to the AK family, show a single nucleotide substitution (A has substituted G) as indicated by the arrow.

[0076] FIG. 8 is electrophoretic images showing the results of the analysis of two-types of mutations seen in the OCTN2 gene of a systemic carnitine deficiency patient belonging to the AK family using a PCR-RFLP method utilizing BcnI and NlaIV, respectively. The pedigree chart of this family is shown on top. Square indicates a male, circles females, and the filled circle indicates a systemic carnitine deficiency patient. "N" shows the results of the normal gene used as the control. The fragments shown by the arrows derived from the mutant gene.

[0077] FIG. 9 shows the results of the sequencing analysis of the intron 8/exon 9 of the OCTN2 gene. Compared to the normal gene (normal; nucleotides 23,925 to 23,943 of SEQ ID NO:5), the gene deriving from the patient belonging to the TH family (patient; SEQ ID NO:31) has a splicing site mutation (AG to AA) in the 3' end of intron 8. The pedigree chart of this family is shown on top. Squares indicate males, the circle a female, and filled square indicates a systemic carnitine deficiency patient.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0078] The invention shall be described in detail below, but it is not to be construed as being limited thereto.

EXAMPLE 1

Proof in Mouse and Human Showing that the Gene Responsible for Systemic Carnitine Deficiency (SCD) is OCTN2

[0079] The Inventors have previously isolated human cDNA encoding a protein having an activity to transport carnitine in a sodium-ion dependent manner, and also the corresponding mouse cDNA (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 9-260972, Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 10-156660). The nucleotide sequences of the human and mouse OCTN2 cDNA isolated by the Inventors are shown in SEQ ID NO:2 and 4, respectively, and the amino acid sequences of the proteins encoded by these cDNAs are shown in SEQ ID NO:1 and 3, respectively.

[0080] The Inventors drew up a working hypothesis that OCTN2 might be the gene responsible for systemic carnitine deficiency, and conducted experiments to prove this.

(1) OCTN2 Gene Analysis in Juvenile Visceral Steatosis (jvs) Mouse

[0081] The juvenile visceral steatosis (jvs) mouse was generated due to a mutation in the C3H.OH mouse. This jvs mouse shows symptoms similar to systemic carnitine deficiency patients, and shows an extremely low carnitine concentration within its blood and tissues. This phenotype is inherited by autosomal inheritance. From the above facts, the jvs mouse is considered to be a mouse model for systemic carnitine deficiency (Hashimoto, N. et al., Gene-dose effect on carnitine transport activity in embryonic fibroblasts of JVS mice as a model of human carnitine transporter deficiency, Biochem Pharmacol, 1998, 55:1729-1732). The Inventors examined the OCTN2 gene arrangement of the jvs mouse. Specifically, whole RNA was extracted from the kidney of a jvs homologous mouse, cDNA was synthesized, jvs mouse OCTN2 cDNA was amplified using this synthesized cDNA as the template by RT-PCR, and the sequence was examined by direct sequencing.

[0082] The amplification reaction by PCR was conducted as follows. For the 5' side fragment, the primers MONB 31 (5'-gataagcttacggtgtccccttattcccatacg-3'/SEQ ID NO:22) and MONB 20 (5'-cccatgccaacaaggacaaaaagc-3'/SEQ ID NO:23) were prepared. Then, amplification was done within a reaction solution (50 .mu.l) containing, cDNA, 5 .mu.l of 10.times. KOD buffer (Toyobo), 5 .mu.l of 2 mM dNTPs, 2 .mu.l of 25 mM MgCl.sub.2, 0.5 .mu.l of KOD DNA polymerase (Toyobo), 1 .mu.l of 20 .mu.M MONB 31 primer, and 1 .mu.l of 20 .mu.M MONB 20 primer at 94.degree. C. for 3 mM, 30 cycles of "94.degree. C. for 30 sec, 50.degree. C. for 30 sec, and 74.degree. C. for 1 min", and 72.degree. C. for 10 min. As for the 3' side fragment, the primers MONB 6 (5'-tgtttttcgtgggtgtgctgatgg-3'/SEQ ID NO:24) and MONB 26 (5'-acagaacagaaaagccctcagtca-3'/SEQ ID NO:25) were prepared, and amplification was done within a reaction solution (50 .mu.l) containing cDNA, 5 .mu.l of 10.times. ExTaq buffer (TaKaRa), 4 .mu.l of 2.5 mM dNTPs, 1 .mu.l of a mixture of ExTaq DNA polymerase (TaKaRa) and anti Taq antibody (TaqStart antibody.TM., CLONTECH), 1 .mu.l of 20 .mu.M MONB 6 primer, and 1 .mu.l of 20 .mu.M MONB 26 primer, at 94.degree. C. for 2 mM, 30 cycles of "94.degree. C. for 30 sec, 60.degree. C. for 30 sec, and 74.degree. C. for 2 min", and 72.degree. C. for 10 min.

[0083] Sequencing revealed that the codon encoding the 352.sup.nd leucine (CTG) was mutated to a codon encoding arginine (CGG) (FIG. 1). This mutation can be detected by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) due to the presence of the Cfr13I restriction enzyme site. This method revealed that the jvs homologous mouse (jvs/jvs) had this mutation in both alleles, and that the heterologous mouse (wt/jvs) has both the mutated and wild type alleles (FIG. 2 left). This mutation was also found in the C57BL jvs mouse in which the genetic background has been replaced with that of the C57BL/6 mouse by backcrossing 12 times or more (FIG. 2 right). Since the C57BL jvs mouse was constructed after a series of selections using the jvs phenotype as an index, the jvs phenotype and OCTN2 mutations are considered to be very closely associated.

[0084] Next, the effect this mutation has on the camitine transporting activity was examined. Plasmid DNA expressing wild-type mouse OCTN2, and those expressing mutated OCTN2 were separately introduced into HEK293 cells, and then, carnitine transporting ability was measured similar to the assay of human OCTN2 described in Japanese Patent Application Hei 10-156660 (FIG. 3). This revealed that although wild-type mouse OCTN2 shows a camitine transporting activity similar to human OCTN2, the mutated OCTN2 has absolutely no activity. However, both proteins were confirmed to be expressed at a similar amount by a western blotting using an antibody against the c-myc epitope sequence (NH2-EQKLISEEDL-COOH; SEQ ID NO:26) added to the C terminus (FIG. 4).

[0085] Thus, the jvs mouse is thought to have developed the disease due to a functional deletion mutation of the OCTN2 gene.

(2) OCTN2 Gene Analysis in Human Systemic Carnitine Deficiency Patients

[0086] A database search using human OCTN2 cDNA sequence revealed that the human OCTN2 genomic DNA sequence has been decoded by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) of the United States as a part of the human genome project. However, it was only recorded as several cosmid clone sequences, therefore, the inventors determined a complete human OCTN2 genomic DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:5) by comparing with human OCTN2 cDNA sequence and suitably combining the clone sequences. The human OCTN2 gene is an about 26 kb gene comprising ten exons and nine introns. The eight pairs of primers shown below, which can amplify all the exons as eight fragments, were prepared from this gene arrangement.

[0087] Specifically, OCN2 43 (5'-GCAGGACCAAGGCGGCGGTGTCAG-3', SEQ ID NO:6) and OCN2 44 (5'-AGACTAGAGGAAAAACGGGATAGC-3', SEQ ID NO:7) for exon one; OCN2 25 (5'-AGATTTTTAGGAGCAAGCGTTAGA-3' SEQ ID NO:8) and OCN2 26 (5'-GAGGCAGACACCGTGGCACTACTA-3', SEQ ID NO:9) for exon two; OCN2 27 (5'-TTCACACCCACTTACTGGATGGAT-3' SEQ ID NO:10) and OCN2 50 (5'-ATTCTGTTTTGTTTTGGCTCTTTT-3', SEQ ID NO:11) for exons three and four; OCN2 31 (5'-AGCAGGGCCTGGGCTGACATAGAC-3', SEQ ID NO:12) and OCN2 32 (5'-AAAGGACCTGACTCCAAGATGATA-3', SEQ ID NO:13) for exon five; OCN2 33 (5'-TCTGACCACCTCTTCTTCCCATAC-3', SEQ ID NO:14) and OCN2 34 (5'-GCCTCCTCAGCCACTGTCGGTAAC-3', SEQ ID NO:15) for exon six; OCN2 35 (5'-ATGTTGTTCCTTTTGTTATCTTAT-3', SEQ ID NO:16) and OCN2 36 (5'-CTTGTTTTCTTGTGTATCGTTATC-3', SEQ ID NO:17) for exon seven; OCN2 37 (5'-TATGTTTGTTTTGCTCTCAATAGC-3', SEQ ID NO:18) and OCN2 40 (5'-TCTGTGAGAGGGAGTTTGCGAGTA-3', SEQ ID NO:19) for exon eight and nine; and, OCN2 41 (5'-TACGACCGCTTCCTGCCCTACATT-3', SEQ ID NO:20) and OCN2 42 (5'-TCATTCTGCTCCATCTTCATTACC-3', SEQ ID NO:21) for exon 10.

[0088] Next, human OCTN2 gene mutations in three families that have systemic carnitine deficiency patients, but no blood relationships were examined. The analysis is done by amplifying all the exons using the above primers and genomic DNA prepared from blood cells as the template, and subjecting the amplified products into direct sequencing.

[0089] The amplification reaction by PCR was done within a reaction solution (50 .mu.l) containing 100 ng of genomic DNA, 5 .mu.l of 10.times. ExTaq buffer (TaKaRa), 4 .mu.l of 2.5 mM dNTPs, 1 .mu.l of a mixture of ExTaq DNA polymerase (TaKaRa) and anti Taq antibody (TaqStart antibody.TM., CLONTECH), and 1 .mu.l of each of the 20 .mu.M primers. The reaction conditions were, 94.degree. C. for 2 min, 36 cycles of "94.degree. C. for 30 sec, 60.degree. C. for 30 sec, and 74.degree. C. for 2 min", and 72.degree. C. for 10 min. However, in the case of exon one and exon five amplification, a reaction solution (50 .mu.l) containing 100 ng genomic DNA, 25 .mu.l of 2.times. GC buffer 1 (TaKaRa), 8 .mu.l of 2.5 mM dNTPs, 0.5 .mu.l of LA Taq DNA polymerase (TaKaRa), and 1 .mu.l of each of the 20 .mu.M primers, was used.

[0090] In the first family (KR family), a 113 bp deletion was found in first exon of the OCTN2 gene of a systemic carnitine deficiency patient (FIG. 5). This deletion affects the initiation codon and thus, a complete protein will not be produced. The next usable ATG codon present in the correct frame is at nucleotide no. 177, and in this case, it is thought that at least two transmembrane regions will be deleted. The two systemic carnitine deficiency patients in this family were found to contain this mutated OCTN2 gene in both alleles. On the other hand, the parents and the two brothers of the patient, who have not developed the disease, carry the mutation on just one allele.

[0091] In the second family (AK family), the systemic carnitine patients were found to contain two types of mutated OCTN2 genes. One mutation was a cytosine insertion just after the initiation codon, which is thought to cause a frame shift and prevent the proper protein from being produced (FIG. 6). The other mutation is a single base substitution (G to A) in the codon encoding the 132.sup.nd tryptophan (TGG). This mutation had altered the codon into a stop codon (TGA) (FIG. 7). These mutations are thought to prevent the production of active OCTN2 proteins in patients. These mutations can be detected by PCR-RFLP analysis using BcnI, NlaIV restriction enzymes, respectively, which revealed that the patient's parents who have not developed the disease, had one of each of the mutations, and the patient's sisters who have not developed the disease, do not have any mutated genes (FIG. 8).

[0092] In the third family (TH family), a mutation (AG to AA) was found in the splicing site in the 3' end of the intron eight of the OCTN2 gene (FIG. 9). This mutation prevents the gene from undergoing normal splicing, and thus, it is expected that the normal protein would not be produced. Sequencing analysis showed that the systemic carnitine deficiency patient belonging to this family had this mutation in both alleles. On the other hand, the patient's parents and one of the brothers who have not developed the disease had one mutated allele.

[0093] The above results revealed that systemic carnitine deficiency is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the OCTN2 gene. Thus, the present invention enables definitive diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis and such, of systemic carnitine deficiency by examining mutations in the OCTN2 gene using analyses described herein, as well as other methods. The present invention also enables treatment of systemic carnitine deficiency by treatments such as gene therapy using the OCTN2 gene.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0094] The present invention revealed that the OCTN2 gene is the gene responsible for systemic carnitine deficiency, thus enabling tests for the disease by detecting mutations in the OCTN2 gene and its protein. Moreover, the present invention facilitates treatment of systemic carnitine deficiency by utilizing the OCTN2 gene and its protein.

Sequence CWU 1

1

311557PRTHomo sapiens 1Met Arg Asp Tyr Asp Glu Val Thr Ala Phe Leu Gly Glu Trp Gly Pro1 5 10 15Phe Gln Arg Leu Ile Phe Phe Leu Leu Ser Ala Ser Ile Ile Pro Asn 20 25 30Gly Phe Thr Gly Leu Ser Ser Val Phe Leu Ile Ala Thr Pro Glu His 35 40 45Arg Cys Arg Val Pro Asp Ala Ala Asn Leu Ser Ser Ala Trp Arg Asn 50 55 60His Thr Val Pro Leu Arg Leu Arg Asp Gly Arg Glu Val Pro His Ser65 70 75 80Cys Arg Arg Tyr Arg Leu Ala Thr Ile Ala Asn Phe Ser Ala Leu Gly 85 90 95Leu Glu Pro Gly Arg Asp Val Asp Leu Gly Gln Leu Glu Gln Glu Ser 100 105 110Cys Leu Asp Gly Trp Glu Phe Ser Gln Asp Val Tyr Leu Ser Thr Ile 115 120 125Val Thr Glu Trp Asn Leu Val Cys Glu Asp Asp Trp Lys Ala Pro Leu 130 135 140Thr Ile Ser Leu Phe Phe Val Gly Val Leu Leu Gly Ser Phe Ile Ser145 150 155 160Gly Gln Leu Ser Asp Arg Phe Gly Arg Lys Asn Val Leu Phe Val Thr 165 170 175Met Gly Met Gln Thr Gly Phe Ser Phe Leu Gln Ile Phe Ser Lys Asn 180 185 190Phe Glu Met Phe Val Val Leu Phe Val Leu Val Gly Met Gly Gln Ile 195 200 205Ser Asn Tyr Val Ala Ala Phe Val Leu Gly Thr Glu Ile Leu Gly Lys 210 215 220Ser Val Arg Ile Ile Phe Ser Thr Leu Gly Val Cys Ile Phe Tyr Ala225 230 235 240Phe Gly Tyr Met Val Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Tyr Phe Ile Arg Asp Trp 245 250 255Arg Met Leu Leu Val Ala Leu Thr Met Pro Gly Val Leu Cys Val Ala 260 265 270Leu Trp Trp Phe Ile Pro Glu Ser Pro Arg Trp Leu Ile Ser Gln Gly 275 280 285Arg Phe Glu Glu Ala Glu Val Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala Ala Lys Ala Asn 290 295 300Gly Ile Val Val Pro Ser Thr Ile Phe Asp Pro Ser Glu Leu Gln Asp305 310 315 320Leu Ser Ser Lys Lys Gln Gln Ser His Asn Ile Leu Asp Leu Leu Arg 325 330 335Thr Trp Asn Ile Arg Met Val Thr Ile Met Ser Ile Met Leu Trp Met 340 345 350Thr Ile Ser Val Gly Tyr Phe Gly Leu Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asn Leu 355 360 365His Gly Asp Ile Phe Val Asn Cys Phe Leu Ser Ala Met Val Glu Val 370 375 380Pro Ala Tyr Val Leu Ala Trp Leu Leu Leu Gln Tyr Leu Pro Arg Arg385 390 395 400Tyr Ser Met Ala Thr Ala Leu Phe Leu Gly Gly Ser Val Leu Leu Phe 405 410 415Met Gln Leu Val Pro Pro Asp Leu Tyr Tyr Leu Ala Thr Val Leu Val 420 425 430Met Val Gly Lys Phe Gly Val Thr Ala Ala Phe Ser Met Val Tyr Val 435 440 445Tyr Thr Ala Glu Leu Tyr Pro Thr Val Val Arg Asn Met Gly Val Gly 450 455 460Val Ser Ser Thr Ala Ser Arg Leu Gly Ser Ile Leu Ser Pro Tyr Phe465 470 475 480Val Tyr Leu Gly Ala Tyr Asp Arg Phe Leu Pro Tyr Ile Leu Met Gly 485 490 495Ser Leu Thr Ile Leu Thr Ala Ile Leu Thr Leu Phe Leu Pro Glu Ser 500 505 510Phe Gly Thr Pro Leu Pro Asp Thr Ile Asp Gln Met Leu Arg Val Lys 515 520 525Gly Met Lys His Arg Lys Thr Pro Ser His Thr Arg Met Leu Lys Asp 530 535 540Gly Gln Glu Arg Pro Thr Ile Leu Lys Ser Thr Ala Phe545 550 55521831DNAHomo sapiensCDS(124)..(1794) 2cggacggtct tgggtcgcct gctgcctggc ttgcctggtc ggcggcgggt gccccgcgcg 60cacgcgcaaa gcccgccgcg ttcccagacc ccaggccgcg ctctgtgggc ctctgagggc 120 ggc atg cgg gac tac gac gag gtg acc gcc ttc ctg ggc gag tgg ggg 168 Met Arg Asp Tyr Asp Glu Val Thr Ala Phe Leu Gly Glu Trp Gly 1 5 10 15ccc ttc cag cgc ctc atc ttc ttc ctg ctc agc gcc agc atc atc ccc 216Pro Phe Gln Arg Leu Ile Phe Phe Leu Leu Ser Ala Ser Ile Ile Pro 20 25 30aat ggc ttc acc ggc ctg tcc tcc gtg ttc ctg ata gcg acc ccg gag 264Asn Gly Phe Thr Gly Leu Ser Ser Val Phe Leu Ile Ala Thr Pro Glu 35 40 45cac cgc tgc cgg gtg ccg gac gcc gcg aac ctg agc agc gcc tgg cgc 312His Arg Cys Arg Val Pro Asp Ala Ala Asn Leu Ser Ser Ala Trp Arg 50 55 60aac cac act gtc cca ctg cgg ctg cgg gac ggc cgc gag gtg ccc cac 360Asn His Thr Val Pro Leu Arg Leu Arg Asp Gly Arg Glu Val Pro His 65 70 75agc tgc cgc cgc tac cgg ctc gcc acc atc gcc aac ttc tcg gcg ctc 408Ser Cys Arg Arg Tyr Arg Leu Ala Thr Ile Ala Asn Phe Ser Ala Leu80 85 90 95ggg ctg gag ccg ggg cgc gac gtg gac ctg ggg cag ctg gag cag gag 456Gly Leu Glu Pro Gly Arg Asp Val Asp Leu Gly Gln Leu Glu Gln Glu 100 105 110agc tgt ctg gat ggc tgg gag ttc agt cag gac gtc tac ctg tcc acc 504Ser Cys Leu Asp Gly Trp Glu Phe Ser Gln Asp Val Tyr Leu Ser Thr 115 120 125att gtg acc gag tgg aac ctg gtg tgt gag gac gac tgg aag gcc cca 552Ile Val Thr Glu Trp Asn Leu Val Cys Glu Asp Asp Trp Lys Ala Pro 130 135 140ctc aca atc tcc ttg ttc ttc gtg ggt gtg ctg ttg ggc tcc ttc att 600Leu Thr Ile Ser Leu Phe Phe Val Gly Val Leu Leu Gly Ser Phe Ile 145 150 155tca ggg cag ctg tca gac agg ttt ggc cgg aag aat gtg ctg ttc gtg 648Ser Gly Gln Leu Ser Asp Arg Phe Gly Arg Lys Asn Val Leu Phe Val160 165 170 175acc atg ggc atg cag aca ggc ttc agc ttc ctg cag atc ttc tcg aag 696Thr Met Gly Met Gln Thr Gly Phe Ser Phe Leu Gln Ile Phe Ser Lys 180 185 190aat ttt gag atg ttt gtc gtg ctg ttt gtc ctt gta ggc atg ggc cag 744Asn Phe Glu Met Phe Val Val Leu Phe Val Leu Val Gly Met Gly Gln 195 200 205atc tcc aac tat gtg gca gca ttt gtc ctg ggg aca gaa att ctt ggc 792Ile Ser Asn Tyr Val Ala Ala Phe Val Leu Gly Thr Glu Ile Leu Gly 210 215 220aag tca gtt cgt ata ata ttc tct acg tta gga gtg tgc ata ttt tat 840Lys Ser Val Arg Ile Ile Phe Ser Thr Leu Gly Val Cys Ile Phe Tyr 225 230 235gca ttt ggc tac atg gtg ctg cca ctg ttt gct tac ttc atc cga gac 888Ala Phe Gly Tyr Met Val Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Tyr Phe Ile Arg Asp240 245 250 255tgg cgg atg ctg ctg gtg gcg ctg acg atg ccg ggg gtg ctg tgc gtg 936Trp Arg Met Leu Leu Val Ala Leu Thr Met Pro Gly Val Leu Cys Val 260 265 270gca ctc tgg tgg ttc atc cct gag tcc ccc cga tgg ctc atc tct cag 984Ala Leu Trp Trp Phe Ile Pro Glu Ser Pro Arg Trp Leu Ile Ser Gln 275 280 285gga cga ttt gaa gag gca gag gtg atc atc cgc aag gct gcc aaa gcc 1032Gly Arg Phe Glu Glu Ala Glu Val Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala Ala Lys Ala 290 295 300aat ggg att gtt gtg cct tcc act atc ttt gac ccg agt gag tta caa 1080Asn Gly Ile Val Val Pro Ser Thr Ile Phe Asp Pro Ser Glu Leu Gln 305 310 315gac cta agt tcc aag aag cag cag tcc cac aac att ctg gat ctg ctt 1128Asp Leu Ser Ser Lys Lys Gln Gln Ser His Asn Ile Leu Asp Leu Leu320 325 330 335cga acc tgg aat atc cgg atg gtc acc atc atg tcc ata atg ctg tgg 1176Arg Thr Trp Asn Ile Arg Met Val Thr Ile Met Ser Ile Met Leu Trp 340 345 350atg acc ata tca gtg ggc tat ttt ggg ctt tcg ctt gat act cct aac 1224Met Thr Ile Ser Val Gly Tyr Phe Gly Leu Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asn 355 360 365ttg cat ggg gac atc ttt gtg aac tgc ttc ctt tca gcg atg gtt gaa 1272Leu His Gly Asp Ile Phe Val Asn Cys Phe Leu Ser Ala Met Val Glu 370 375 380gtc cca gca tat gtg ttg gcc tgg ctg ctg ctg caa tat ttg ccc cgg 1320Val Pro Ala Tyr Val Leu Ala Trp Leu Leu Leu Gln Tyr Leu Pro Arg 385 390 395cgc tat tcc atg gcc act gcc ctc ttc ctg ggt ggc agt gtc ctt ctc 1368Arg Tyr Ser Met Ala Thr Ala Leu Phe Leu Gly Gly Ser Val Leu Leu400 405 410 415ttc atg cag ctg gta ccc cca gac ttg tat tat ttg gct aca gtc ctg 1416Phe Met Gln Leu Val Pro Pro Asp Leu Tyr Tyr Leu Ala Thr Val Leu 420 425 430gtg atg gtg ggc aag ttt gga gtc acg gct gcc ttt tcc atg gtc tac 1464Val Met Val Gly Lys Phe Gly Val Thr Ala Ala Phe Ser Met Val Tyr 435 440 445gtg tac aca gcc gag ctg tat ccc aca gtg gtg aga aac atg ggt gtg 1512Val Tyr Thr Ala Glu Leu Tyr Pro Thr Val Val Arg Asn Met Gly Val 450 455 460gga gtc agc tcc aca gca tcc cgc ctg ggc agc atc ctg tct ccc tac 1560Gly Val Ser Ser Thr Ala Ser Arg Leu Gly Ser Ile Leu Ser Pro Tyr 465 470 475ttc gtt tac ctt ggt gcc tac gac cgc ttc ctg ccc tac att ctc atg 1608Phe Val Tyr Leu Gly Ala Tyr Asp Arg Phe Leu Pro Tyr Ile Leu Met480 485 490 495gga agt ctg acc atc ctg aca gcc atc ctc acc ttg ttt ctc cca gag 1656Gly Ser Leu Thr Ile Leu Thr Ala Ile Leu Thr Leu Phe Leu Pro Glu 500 505 510agc ttc ggt acc cca ctc cca gac acc att gac cag atg cta aga gtc 1704Ser Phe Gly Thr Pro Leu Pro Asp Thr Ile Asp Gln Met Leu Arg Val 515 520 525aaa gga atg aaa cac aga aaa act cca agt cac aca agg atg tta aaa 1752Lys Gly Met Lys His Arg Lys Thr Pro Ser His Thr Arg Met Leu Lys 530 535 540gat ggt caa gaa agg ccc aca atc ctt aaa agc aca gcc ttc 1794Asp Gly Gln Glu Arg Pro Thr Ile Leu Lys Ser Thr Ala Phe 545 550 555taacatcgct tccagtaagg gagaaactga agaggaa 18313557PRTMus musculus 3Met Arg Asp Tyr Asp Glu Val Thr Ala Phe Leu Gly Glu Trp Gly Pro1 5 10 15Phe Gln Arg Leu Ile Phe Phe Leu Leu Ser Ala Ser Ile Ile Pro Asn 20 25 30Gly Phe Asn Gly Met Ser Ile Val Phe Leu Ala Gly Thr Pro Glu His 35 40 45Arg Cys Leu Val Pro His Thr Val Asn Leu Ser Ser Ala Trp Arg Asn 50 55 60His Ser Ile Pro Leu Glu Thr Lys Asp Gly Arg Gln Val Pro Gln Lys65 70 75 80Cys Arg Arg Tyr Arg Leu Ala Thr Ile Ala Asn Phe Ser Glu Leu Gly 85 90 95Leu Glu Pro Gly Arg Asp Val Asp Leu Glu Gln Leu Glu Gln Glu Ser 100 105 110Cys Leu Asp Gly Trp Glu Tyr Asp Lys Asp Val Phe Leu Ser Thr Ile 115 120 125Val Thr Glu Trp Asp Leu Val Cys Lys Asp Asp Trp Lys Ala Pro Leu 130 135 140Thr Thr Ser Leu Phe Phe Val Gly Val Leu Met Gly Ser Phe Ile Ser145 150 155 160Gly Gln Leu Ser Asp Arg Phe Gly Arg Lys Asn Val Leu Phe Leu Thr 165 170 175Met Gly Met Gln Thr Gly Phe Ser Phe Leu Gln Val Phe Ser Val Asn 180 185 190Phe Glu Met Phe Thr Val Leu Phe Val Leu Val Gly Met Gly Gln Ile 195 200 205Ser Asn Tyr Val Ala Ala Phe Val Leu Gly Thr Glu Ile Leu Ser Lys 210 215 220Ser Ile Arg Ile Ile Phe Ala Thr Leu Gly Val Cys Ile Phe Tyr Ala225 230 235 240Phe Gly Phe Met Val Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Tyr Phe Ile Arg Asp Trp 245 250 255Arg Met Leu Leu Leu Ala Leu Thr Val Pro Gly Val Leu Cys Gly Ala 260 265 270Leu Trp Trp Phe Ile Pro Glu Ser Pro Arg Trp Leu Ile Ser Gln Gly 275 280 285Arg Ile Lys Glu Ala Glu Val Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala Ala Lys Ile Asn 290 295 300Gly Ile Val Ala Pro Ser Thr Ile Phe Asp Pro Ser Glu Leu Gln Asp305 310 315 320Leu Asn Ser Thr Lys Pro Gln Leu His His Ile Tyr Asp Leu Ile Arg 325 330 335Thr Arg Asn Ile Arg Val Ile Thr Ile Met Ser Ile Ile Leu Trp Leu 340 345 350Thr Ile Ser Val Gly Tyr Phe Gly Leu Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asn Leu 355 360 365His Gly Asp Ile Tyr Val Asn Cys Phe Leu Leu Ala Ala Val Glu Val 370 375 380Pro Ala Tyr Val Leu Ala Trp Leu Leu Leu Gln Tyr Leu Pro Arg Arg385 390 395 400Tyr Ser Ile Ser Ala Ala Leu Phe Leu Gly Gly Ser Val Leu Leu Phe 405 410 415Met Gln Leu Val Pro Ser Glu Leu Phe Tyr Leu Ser Thr Ala Leu Val 420 425 430Met Val Gly Lys Phe Gly Ile Thr Ser Ala Tyr Ser Met Val Tyr Val 435 440 445Tyr Thr Ala Glu Leu Tyr Pro Thr Val Val Arg Asn Met Gly Val Gly 450 455 460Val Ser Ser Thr Ala Ser Arg Leu Gly Ser Ile Leu Ser Pro Tyr Phe465 470 475 480Val Tyr Leu Gly Ala Tyr Asp Arg Phe Leu Pro Tyr Ile Leu Met Gly 485 490 495Ser Leu Thr Ile Leu Thr Ala Ile Leu Thr Leu Phe Phe Pro Glu Ser 500 505 510Phe Gly Val Pro Leu Pro Asp Thr Ile Asp Gln Met Leu Arg Val Lys 515 520 525Gly Ile Lys Gln Trp Gln Ile Gln Ser Gln Thr Arg Met Gln Lys Asp 530 535 540Gly Glu Glu Ser Pro Thr Val Leu Lys Ser Thr Ala Phe545 550 55541888DNAMus musculusCDS(60)..(1730) 4ctcccgcgcc acggtgtccc cttattccca tacgggcgct gtgggaggct gaggacggc 59atg cgg gac tac gac gag gtg acc gcc ttc cta ggc gag tgg ggg ccc 107Met Arg Asp Tyr Asp Glu Val Thr Ala Phe Leu Gly Glu Trp Gly Pro1 5 10 15ttc cag cgc ctc atc ttc ttc ctg ctc agc gcc agc atc atc ccc aat 155Phe Gln Arg Leu Ile Phe Phe Leu Leu Ser Ala Ser Ile Ile Pro Asn 20 25 30ggc ttc aat ggt atg tcc atc gtg ttc ctg gcg ggg acc ccg gag cac 203Gly Phe Asn Gly Met Ser Ile Val Phe Leu Ala Gly Thr Pro Glu His 35 40 45cgt tgc ctt gtg cct cac acc gtg aac ctg agc agc gcg tgg cgc aac 251Arg Cys Leu Val Pro His Thr Val Asn Leu Ser Ser Ala Trp Arg Asn 50 55 60cac agt atc ccg ttg gag acg aag gac gga cga cag gtg cct cag aaa 299His Ser Ile Pro Leu Glu Thr Lys Asp Gly Arg Gln Val Pro Gln Lys65 70 75 80tgc cgc cgc tac cga ctg gcc acc atc gcc aac ttc tct gag cta ggg 347Cys Arg Arg Tyr Arg Leu Ala Thr Ile Ala Asn Phe Ser Glu Leu Gly 85 90 95ctg gag ccg ggg cgg gac gtg gac ctg gag cag ctg gag cag gag agc 395Leu Glu Pro Gly Arg Asp Val Asp Leu Glu Gln Leu Glu Gln Glu Ser 100 105 110tgc ctg gat ggc tgg gag tac gac aag gac gtc ttc ctg tcc acc atc 443Cys Leu Asp Gly Trp Glu Tyr Asp Lys Asp Val Phe Leu Ser Thr Ile 115 120 125gtg aca gag tgg gac ctg gtg tgt aag gat gac tgg aaa gcc cca ctc 491Val Thr Glu Trp Asp Leu Val Cys Lys Asp Asp Trp Lys Ala Pro Leu 130 135 140acc acc tcc ttg ttt ttc gtg ggt gtg ctg atg ggc tcc ttc att tca 539Thr Thr Ser Leu Phe Phe Val Gly Val Leu Met Gly Ser Phe Ile Ser145 150 155 160gga cag ctc tca gac agg ttt ggt cgc aag aat gtg ctg ttt ttg acc 587Gly Gln Leu Ser Asp Arg Phe Gly Arg Lys Asn Val Leu Phe Leu Thr 165 170 175atg ggc atg cag act ggc ttc agc ttc ctg cag gtc ttc tct gtg aac 635Met Gly Met Gln Thr Gly Phe Ser Phe Leu Gln Val Phe Ser Val Asn 180 185 190ttc gag atg ttt aca gtg ctt ttt gtc ctt gtt ggc atg ggt cag atc 683Phe Glu Met Phe Thr Val Leu Phe Val Leu Val Gly Met Gly Gln Ile 195 200 205tcc aac tac gtg gca gca ttt gtc ctg gga aca gaa att ctt tcc aag 731Ser Asn Tyr Val Ala Ala Phe Val Leu Gly Thr Glu Ile Leu Ser Lys 210 215 220tca att cga att ata ttc gcc acc tta gga gtt tgc ata ttt tat gcg 779Ser Ile Arg Ile Ile Phe Ala Thr Leu Gly Val Cys Ile Phe Tyr Ala225 230 235 240ttt ggc ttc atg gtg ctg cca ctg ttt gca tac ttc atc aga gac tgg 827Phe Gly Phe Met Val Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Tyr Phe Ile Arg Asp Trp 245 250

255agg atg ctg ctg ctg gcg ctc act gtg cca ggg gtg cta tgt ggg gct 875Arg Met Leu Leu Leu Ala Leu Thr Val Pro Gly Val Leu Cys Gly Ala 260 265 270ctc tgg tgg ttc atc cct gag tcc cca cga tgg ctc atc tct caa ggc 923Leu Trp Trp Phe Ile Pro Glu Ser Pro Arg Trp Leu Ile Ser Gln Gly 275 280 285cga att aaa gag gca gag gtg atc atc cgc aaa gct gcc aaa atc aat 971Arg Ile Lys Glu Ala Glu Val Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala Ala Lys Ile Asn 290 295 300ggg att gtt gca cct tcc act atc ttc gat cca agt gag tta caa gac 1019Gly Ile Val Ala Pro Ser Thr Ile Phe Asp Pro Ser Glu Leu Gln Asp305 310 315 320tta aat tct acg aag cct cag ttg cac cac att tat gat ctg atc cga 1067Leu Asn Ser Thr Lys Pro Gln Leu His His Ile Tyr Asp Leu Ile Arg 325 330 335aca cgg aat atc agg gtc atc acc atc atg tct ata atc ctg tgg ctg 1115Thr Arg Asn Ile Arg Val Ile Thr Ile Met Ser Ile Ile Leu Trp Leu 340 345 350acc ata tca gtg ggc tat ttt gga cta tct ctt gac act cct aac ttg 1163Thr Ile Ser Val Gly Tyr Phe Gly Leu Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asn Leu 355 360 365cat ggg gac atc tat gtg aac tgc ttc cta ctg gcg gct gtt gaa gtc 1211His Gly Asp Ile Tyr Val Asn Cys Phe Leu Leu Ala Ala Val Glu Val 370 375 380cca gcc tat gtg ctg gcc tgg ctg ttg ttg cag tac ttg ccc cgg cga 1259Pro Ala Tyr Val Leu Ala Trp Leu Leu Leu Gln Tyr Leu Pro Arg Arg385 390 395 400tat tct atc tcg gct gcc ctt ttc ctg ggt ggc agt gtc ctt ctc ttc 1307Tyr Ser Ile Ser Ala Ala Leu Phe Leu Gly Gly Ser Val Leu Leu Phe 405 410 415atg cag ctg gtg cct tca gaa ttg ttt tac ttg tcc act gcc ctg gtg 1355Met Gln Leu Val Pro Ser Glu Leu Phe Tyr Leu Ser Thr Ala Leu Val 420 425 430atg gtg ggg aag ttt gga atc acc tct gcc tac tcc atg gtc tat gtg 1403Met Val Gly Lys Phe Gly Ile Thr Ser Ala Tyr Ser Met Val Tyr Val 435 440 445tac aca gct gag ctg tac ccc act gtg gtc aga aac atg ggt gtg ggg 1451Tyr Thr Ala Glu Leu Tyr Pro Thr Val Val Arg Asn Met Gly Val Gly 450 455 460gtc agc tcc aca gca tcc cgc ctt ggc agc atc ctg tct ccc tac ttt 1499Val Ser Ser Thr Ala Ser Arg Leu Gly Ser Ile Leu Ser Pro Tyr Phe465 470 475 480gtt tac cta ggt gcc tat gat cgc ttc ctg cct tat att ctc atg gga 1547Val Tyr Leu Gly Ala Tyr Asp Arg Phe Leu Pro Tyr Ile Leu Met Gly 485 490 495agt ctg acc atc ctg aca gct atc ctc acc ttg ttc ttc cct gag agc 1595Ser Leu Thr Ile Leu Thr Ala Ile Leu Thr Leu Phe Phe Pro Glu Ser 500 505 510ttt ggt gtc cct ctc cca gat acc att gac cag atg cta agg gtc aaa 1643Phe Gly Val Pro Leu Pro Asp Thr Ile Asp Gln Met Leu Arg Val Lys 515 520 525gga ata aaa cag tgg caa atc caa agc cag aca aga atg caa aaa gat 1691Gly Ile Lys Gln Trp Gln Ile Gln Ser Gln Thr Arg Met Gln Lys Asp 530 535 540ggt gaa gaa agc cca aca gtc cta aag agc aca gcc ttc taacaccctg 1740Gly Glu Glu Ser Pro Thr Val Leu Lys Ser Thr Ala Phe545 550 555tccagaaggc aaaaaactga ttggaaacct tcatgttgtc agaaatgctc tccatgactg 1800agggcttttc tgttctgtta accttgtgtc taacatgctc atggattggg gcatctgtcc 1860tggagagtca ccttcctcta gggacacc 1888525871DNAHomo sapiensexon(1)..(614)intron(615)..(8636)exon(8637)..(8740)intron(8741)..(- 14409)exon(14410)..(14564)intron(14565)..(15590)exon(15591)..(15762)intron- (15763)..(17282)exon(17283)..(17409)intron(17410)..(19178)exon(19179)..(19- 279)intron(19280)..(20947)exon(20948)..(21162)intron(21163)..(22690)exon(2- 2691)..(22873)intron(22874)..(23934)exon(23935)..(24070)intron(24071)..(24- 443)exon(24444)..(25871) 5gcggcccagg cccggaacct tccctggtcg tgcgccatat gtaaggccag ccgcggcagg 60accaaggcgg cggtgtcagc tcgcgagcct accctccgcg gacggtcttg ggtcgcctgc 120tgcctggctt gcctggtcgg cggcgggtgc cccgcgcgca cgcgcaaagc ccgccgcgtt 180cccagacccc aggccgcgct ctgtgggcct ctgagggcgg catgcgggac tacgacgagg 240tgaccgcctt cctgggcgag tgggggccct tccagcgcct catcttcttc ctgctcagcg 300ccagcatcat ccccaatggc ttcaccggcc tgtcctccgt gttcctgata gcgaccccgg 360agcaccgctg ccgggtgccg gacgccgcga acctgagcag cgcctggcgc aaccacactg 420tcccactgcg gctgcgggac ggccgcgagg tgccccacag ctgccgccgc taccggctcg 480ccaccatcgc caacttctcg gcgctcgggc tggagccggg gcgcgacgtg gacctggggc 540agctggagca ggagagctgt ctggatggct gggagttcag tcaggacgtc tacctgtcca 600ccattgtgac cgaggtgggt gccggcccct gctggggctg agaccagggc tcggaggacc 660tgtcgcggtc cttgaacccg agctcctctc tcccagatgc gcactggacg ctgtcactcc 720ccctccccca acggtcaaca ccctagcgat ggagaccctc cagccaggtg gcttgggaac 780gcttcacgag gtgacctcca gccacagtgt gctcctccct gcacaggtgg tcagtctggc 840ctcccgtcct gatggccact ttgaagaggg taccaggaag gtcctggcgg tccctgggcg 900atgctctatg gccctgtgtg tccaggactt actctagttg gggttggggg tggtaagtag 960cagagccagg acttgggcca ggggctatcc cgtttttcct ctagtctctt gatttctttt 1020tagaagagaa gaaatacttc tctttcctga acttttaaaa gttaaataaa gcatgtgtat 1080acaactgcct cttccctttt tcctctagtt actccttccc ctaccgtcca caacccaaaa 1140acgacaatct ggtcatgccc tgtaagtaat tgtttgcctt ttcccatggt cagttgtcag 1200tctttttttt tttttttttt ttttgagaca gagtctccct ctgtcaccag gctggagcgc 1260agtcgtgtgt tcttggctca ctgcaacctt cgcagtcgtg cgttcttggc tcactgcaat 1320cttcgccttc cgggctcaag tgattctcct gcctcagcct ccgagtagct gtgagccacg 1380acgcccagct aatttttgtg tttttagtag agacggggtt tcaccgtgtt ggccaggatg 1440gtctcgatct cttgacctcg tgatctgcct gcttctgcct gcaaagctgg gattacaacc 1500gtgagccacc acgccaggcc gtcagttgtc actctttaag atccattcat ctgaagatgg 1560gttcagggtg acttgttgac ctggaatatt ttctcaggta ttatgaggca aggctgtcgg 1620ccagatttag ttaaagcata cagccttagg tcatagggtg tgggggagcc tttctcattt 1680ctcatcccct tggattttcc ctctgggtgg ttttgtctgt cccctccgaa cctgttggag 1740cagttgttgg agctggatgt aggaacatga tgttaatgat gtatgtgttt tgtgtctttt 1800ttagacactg gcactctagc tccctgaagt ttcagcagca ttgagtaagt agccagtgag 1860tagccctcat tgatagatag gctcactaaa tgtgcagatg accaattcgc aggttagaga 1920aggcttccca gaagaggagg cctctcagtg agcctagggt gttcagctca gcataatagt 1980gagctgaagg ccccaatgca gcagcaagaa accacccagc aggacggcgg agttcacaga 2040gaggggagag ttcatagaga gggagagtgc cacaggccct ggcacagctt caagccctgc 2100tggatgttgg tgctgagcct cccctcctgg agcctcagag gggcttacag gggctctgga 2160gatcccaact gtgttgcttc ttggcgtcat cacccttcaa tggagtctga gagctaccct 2220gggagatcca agtgtgtgtg catgtgtgtg ttttttcttt ttggaaattt gatgtcccca 2280gcatttggac ctgctttctc cacatatatg tagtgggagt gtgaccggag ccccactggg 2340atttcttagc tagtgacata gcttcagtgt ccagaggcat catggcttga caaaagaggc 2400actccttgga ggtagccaac tgtgctttct ggcccatgaa tccacaggaa attggaactt 2460tcagttgcca caaatcctgg gtcctagcct cacaggtggg tgtgttacct tcccggaagc 2520cagtgagtac tatgaaagca gaggctgtcc ctgaggttgc aggcagaggc cacagagggg 2580aacatgacac aggaatccct acaaattcta cttggggctg cctaaagaag agggaagtag 2640tgaagcaaga agaagcacat ggcatctctt ggagttttac attgacccct gagggttccc 2700cggcttactc tagtcacttg ttcctgcttt gctgcctcca tcccacattg ggctgagtga 2760tggtggcatt gatgagctcc caaaggccag ctgtgccagg gggtctgacc ttatcttgct 2820gccaatgtca gccttttgtt ttttaatatt tagactattt atttagctgt cttagcagtt 2880tcaaaggagt tatgtgccct ttcacctact tatatgttgt cagtctttgc agggaggcca 2940gattaatgct tagatctttg ttttgggcta ctggaatgct tgacttgaag ttcagagctg 3000cttgttccca ggtgaacagc tactgctgga agttgctgca tcaacattct aatggctttt 3060tctatggcct gttgtctttc aacccaaacc tggcctgctg aacactgcat ctagtcccat 3120gcctgctaaa tgtctctaag cctgccctct gccccaaatc atacataaag gtgtttgtaa 3180gtacactggt attgaattac tagtcatatt ttttccactg aagactggaa cctcaggtgt 3240cctgtttgga tttttttaat ttgttcaagt taaagtacat acatgtagta ccaaactttg 3300tggtggattt agatctttgc gtcttcctca atttctgaca caattctgga tgcagaggga 3360ggttctcagg aaaattttta ttgaatgagt taatgaataa tttaagaaat catctctaaa 3420gtttgagaac taaagaaaaa tagttcagtt cttagaaggg aaacttgagg gtggctgaaa 3480aggattgact ggaatttttt aaaggaaatg tgactccccc tgcccactga ctggggcttt 3540gatgccacat ggatgtggaa tgaggtgttg ggattggcag agggaatctg ctagcaatta 3600ataaataaat aaatattggc agggcgtggt ggctcacgcc tgtaatccca gcactttggg 3660aagccaaggc agcaggtcac ttgaggtcgg gagttcaaga ccagtctggc caacatggtg 3720aaactccatc tctactaaaa atacaaaaat tagctgggtg tggtggcaca tgcctgtatt 3780cccagctact tgggagactg aagcaggaga atcgcttgaa cccaggaggc gggctttgca 3840gtgaaccgag atcgagcctc tgcactctag cctgggcgac aaagcgagac tccatctcaa 3900aagaataata ataatattaa taaataaaaa tgatttatga ggtaaaagag ttttatgccc 3960ccatgttcca ggaatagttt ggtggtccac atggttctcg gctggcctct cctctggccc 4020ctcagtcatc cctggggtac tggggaatta gccaacccat catgcagtgc ttcttggcca 4080tggactgccc catctgctgg aaacctgggt tgtttctgag gttgtctggg ctgtccgctc 4140tttggtttca ccatagctct gtccagccta tggacagaca ggttccttga gaaacttccg 4200gctgggtgtg gtggctcatg cctgtaaacc cagcactttg ggaggctgag gcaggtggat 4260cacaaggcag gagttcgaga ccagcctggc caacatggtg aaacctcgtc tccgctaaaa 4320atacaaaaat tagccctgcg tggtggcggg tgcctgtaat cccagctact cgggagggag 4380gctgaggcag gagaatttct tgaacctggg aagtgggggt tgcagtagcc aagatcgcac 4440cattgcatgc cagcctgggt gacaagagca agactccgtc tcaaaaaaaa aaaaagaaaa 4500agaaaagaaa cttccaagct gctctgcatc gccttgctct ccacctgtct gcttctaaga 4560agccctcggc ccagtcctgg gtgggactcc cactccctcc ccattgtcct ggactagctt 4620ttctatcagc cttatcttgt gtagagacag atagtcttag aagatgagag agccctcact 4680gttatcccca aagctgcctg gaggaaaagc cagagcaacc tgggagctgg gaccggggct 4740gactctgggc agcagagacc cgagagacct ggaacttgaa cctcactgtt acgcctttgt 4800tgatttctct cactcagggg acacacagac cctcatccag ccttttgcag ctatatggca 4860aggcagagaa gccacttgcg gggtcccgtg gcccactatg cacgtacata gtagacacat 4920ctggccatga gtggtcagat tgagccactc tctagctagc tgacacctgt catcctgggt 4980caaatttctg acagttgaca caaagcaggg ggtcagggag ccaaaaaaaa aaatggccag 5040gtgtggtggc tcttgcctgt aatcccaggg ctttgggagg ccaaggtggg cagataacct 5100gaggtcagag ttcaagacca gcctggtcaa catggcaaaa ccccgtctct actaaaaata 5160caaaaattag ccaggctggt ggtgcatccc tgtagtccca gccactcagg aggctgaggc 5220atgagaatca cttgaacccg ggaggtggag gttgcagtga gccgagattg tgccactgca 5280ctccagcctg ggagacagag caagactctg tttcaaaaga aaaaaaagag tattctggag 5340attgaagttc aggagttcag ggttcatctc gactttgggc agccaagcaa gaactaaagt 5400ataccaagat gttgaaggtt gatacctttt tatttatcga ttcattcact cacctatgta 5460ccaaagagct cctgagcctc tcttcgatac agggggcact gccaggagtt gtagaggatg 5520tgatagcaaa gataggaaat accttttctc tttgctctga caacggtggg gcaaggattc 5580atcattgatt tcagcaggag gcaggataaa atgtgtgtag gaatatagga atacatggca 5640atcagtaaca tgtggtacct agcagcatgt ctgactgttg atacggtcag gctaggtaca 5700tcccctcagg gaagaacttc tgtcttaggg gcacacaccc tatctttttt cccttcctgc 5760caattcacag gtaagaacat ttagtcccag ggaactatgt catctctcta cttctcataa 5820ctgaaaaagc agtgccaatt atgtatgagg tataggagac acaattctcc ctctttttaa 5880aaatgtttaa tagctttatt aaggtgtaaa tgacataaaa actgcatgta gctaaagcat 5940gcaatttggc acacatgtat ctctacaccc ttgaaaccat caccactaga aaggtgcatt 6000tctccccagg aagaggggca agtctaggcc ctttgccaga gttgctccca gattgttttc 6060aggttgggcc tgcattcaca gctcagccag ctgaagggtg acagcattag actcgtgacc 6120caaatcttaa acccacacat tccattttaa cattgatacc tgtgatcatc agccagtata 6180gcccatccca tgtgccaggc ggaggcatca ataagctggt ctgtagcagc tttaatcaca 6240gctggggagc caggagctaa ggaatgctag actcctttgt aaacaattta agtagggggt 6300acttagcctg gactctatgt gcttctcatc cacctcttct cagggagatt ctggccaagt 6360cctggaacct actgcagtcc atctggtggt tgacagatat gtggacggat tggcaggctg 6420ggacccaatc tatgtttgcc cttgtgttca gttttgagac ctagcacctt tcctgatcct 6480gctcacagac cccctgcggc caataggaaa gaagtgttaa tgcatatttg cttttggagg 6540gcccaaagcc aggcccagag agttgtcaag ggcggtcagt ggtgggtgga tggcagagtt 6600aaccaaggag ttacacacct gcctagacta aggacaggct ggaccaagta gagagggtgg 6660ggctaaggga gcctgagaga tgctctgggg cctgtctcaa aatgagcact atagtcaccc 6720tgtcccctgc agagattgtc tgacctggtt ttaggtcaca cccaaccttg ccagccaagg 6780agtctttaga agcctgatat tgggagacct gtcctggggt ctacaacccc agaactcact 6840gcagaagccc acgtggattg ctagtctagc tcagccatat gggtccccaa ccctcacctc 6900atgatagtcc tgtgagaaac cgctgctgac cctttgttca tgttttcatc ttttccacta 6960taaaagacat gctagctggg aaatagagcc catcatactc aagagtggca ggagccaggt 7020cctggcccct gaagcttggc ctcacacaca gaggccggca ccctgtcatc aattccctca 7080gctttttctc cgcctccact cccagtccta gatttagcag ccatgtgtgg gtgggggcca 7140ctgcagggat acttacccac ctaccagaga gatggcctgt gggtgctggc ccttctgagg 7200ctgtggaggt tggaggctgt ggcagcctgg gcagtcaggc tgtggtcctc ccatgttctt 7260gactcctgct agtctgggct gcctcctgat taggggttgg atgctccagt tcttccctgg 7320gttggggatt gccaccctac tcccagccca tccaggttca cgcttattcc aaagcggagc 7380accagcagtg tgcctgctgc gggagttctc cgtgtccagc ctgagggttg cctgccaacc 7440cctctgagag gtgcccggag gctgtgcgcc cacactgccc agcagtgcgg agaagcaggc 7500ttgtttttcc ctgtcactgg cttggaagag atgctttgtt ctagggagcc gcatgtcccc 7560ttgcctgcgt tgttggtgag gagccagcag gctccgtgga gggcaggcta gcagcctggc 7620accagggagg caagggtctg agttcctagg agggtggttg ctcatgtgag aagtctgcaa 7680aggttactac tgagcaccat ctctctgtct gaaaaacatt tttcattttt ctgtgaacca 7740ctaagtttcc cgtttgggct ttcttcctgc ttttggctct tgtttaggca ggcgtagcca 7800gatccaagcg tctggctgct tccccatgtc ttcagacctc tttttctgtt catggtaact 7860atagatggaa ccacacattg gaagctggaa actcaagcgg tgcagcctat tccttacccc 7920aatccctgtt ttacaaatgg ggaaatcaag gcacagcatg gggtgatgct tatctgaggt 7980tggaagagtt aatagtagag tgggagctaa aacccagttt cttacctcca agctcagggc 8040tttcagctgt aattgagcct agtatagttg gtgtgcagca tcagggattc cagctctaaa 8100ggtcacaaaa aggacccggg ggtcattggc ccagggtggg aacctgagca gagcaggtcc 8160agatggtgca ctctgtgccc tggccttagt ttcttgctgg atgctttggc ccgtagagcc 8220ccagagccct gcttccagaa ccactccagt gacgttcatg ccaatggcct gaaccccact 8280gagcgagggt gccctgcctc ttccacagcc ctgggctccg ctcagatttt taggagcaag 8340cgttagaggc cttgctttct ccagggtcag catgtggaca gaacacttac tctctgcctg 8400tctctcctcc tcaaaatgga agcaagacag tggggcctac aatgctatga aaaacaggat 8460gggaaagaag cctgctctct gccttcctgc ccaggtgagc catcacctga ctaagtgagt 8520tcacactcag agcgtgtggg gatggcagga tgttctgact tcattttcca ggatgccttt 8580gctttaaaac cttttaaaaa gaagtgaatg atacaccccc tttgctcatc ttgcagtgga 8640acctggtgtg tgaggacgac tggaaggccc cactcacaat ctccttgttc ttcgtgggtg 8700tgctgttggg ctccttcatt tcagggcagc tgtcagacag gtaaggtgtc tgtcttctgg 8760agcaccaggg gacctcagca ctgaggaaga agcgtgtgcc tggcccttga tttcagttgg 8820tagtattctt tcagcgcagg gccctgtatt ttaaagaaga ggaagctatg tctgtgatat 8880agactccatg cctagtaaga agagccaaca aatcatctga ctccgtaatt cttgctaagt 8940aaagaaacct gagctgtcta agctgaatgt atctgtgatc cggttgacta ggtaatatgc 9000catgattcac ttctgcagta gcctggcttg cctcccctgg gtcactgtga ctctgtcatg 9060cccctgagca tgggagaggt tgacatcatg cacacatgca catgtgctag attgtagatc 9120tgtagtagtg ccacggtgtc tgcctctgta gtcccaagaa gaccagcatt ctctctgcaa 9180agtgaaagga gctctcacca gccactagtg gtatgaaaag cagaactctt ttgtccacaa 9240ggctgatgcc ccttagctaa gtggcctgtg gttttggcat ttactttatg acaggaggga 9300gaatagtgtt ttgatccatt tcttataagc aggttatttg tataattcta aagcttttaa 9360ctcaaggaaa cattaacggc ttagagaatc ccaaacccct cgaaattata tgcacaatgt 9420tagagactac atgtgagcat ttttttggag agaggtccgt agctttcatg aagttcttag 9480aggggtccat tatgttgtgt cttctttccc tggagcttca gggtctgtca gagaagactg 9540tgaagagagt agcagccttc agcaagtcct tggccacatg gcacatgtga gaacacccca 9600caaatcggtg ggttagccgg tggaaaggag tcccagcatc ttccctggtt tttaattcct 9660ggcctcaagc aatcctccct ccataacctc ccaaagtgct gggattacag gcgtgagaca 9720ccatgcgcag ccagatattt tttattgttg ttgttttttt ttggaaaagg agtttcactc 9780ttgttaccca ggctggagtg caatggcacg atctcggctc actgcaacct ctgcctccca 9840ggttcaagag attctcctgt ctcagcctcc tgagttgctg ggattacagg catgcaccac 9900catgcccagc taattttgta tttttaatag agacaaggtt tctccatgtt ggtcaggctg 9960gtctcaaact cccgacctca ggtgatccac ccacctcggc ctcccaaagt gctgggatta 10020caggcgcgag ccactgcacc tgcccagcca gatttttttt taaaaagcag gttaacctgt 10080ttattattcc tactttacag atggagaaag tgagacagag ggattaaata acttccccaa 10140ggtttcacag ctggcaagtg gcagagttag gatttggacc caggtagtct tgctcctcta 10200ttgtgtatgg actactgttc taggtccctg ctgtcctaaa acttgctttc tagcaaggtg 10260gaatgtatta aacaaccaag tgaggaagtc gttgttgtcc ttggccatgg taagagatac 10320agagaagtgc agggtgccac aggagtgtct aacagaggag gtcaggggca gcatccctga 10380gaaggtgaag catgagcgag agtgggaaga tgagtcgaaa gtagccagct gaggggtaga 10440gaggagaaag aacatccagg cagggagaat agcaagtgct aaagccgggg ctcatgaaaa 10500ggcatgggag caggacaaag tccgtgtggt agaggtgcgg agagtggtgt taagatgaag 10560gggagaggca ggcagagccc tgggcagatg agcaaccagg gcttagtgga tcacagttag 10620gactttgggc ttcagccaca gagcagcggt gggctactga gattttttaa agcaatagtg 10680tgacaatcag atttgtcctt tttttttttt taaagatgct ttgacaacct tgtgaagaaa 10740gaattgaagg gaagcaaaag gtgttgtaga gagaccaatt aaaaggttgt cacagtagtt 10800catgccagag atgatggtgg catggcctag catgacggtg gtagaaatgg agggaagtgg 10860taagaggtaa aatcaacaag acttgccgat gggctggatg tcggaattgg gggaagaaag 10920ctttctggcc tgagtaactg ggtgaatgaa ggtacacttc tctaagacag agaatgctgg 10980aaaagaacca cgttcatgga tattgagttc aatttgtgtg tactaaattt ggggtgacta 11040tgagacccct aagtggagaa gtagagtgtg aagctggctg tatggatatg gtactgcatg 11100agaggttttg gctagagaaa cacatgtagg atttgtcagc atatagaacc ctcagcagag 11160ccccagatag ggatgaggtt gcctggggag aggggagtgg ggaggggagg ggggaactgg 11220gggaggattg tgctatgctt agaggccacc tgagtggaca tgggagattc cttctcacgg 11280agctaagtga cagctgcggc tcagaagaat gcccttgatg tgaaaaggag ataccccaag 11340ttcagagtag aaatgcagtg tatttttctg ggtcagctgt gtcatgggtc agcttaagaa 11400ccttcttgcc atgtgacaca atgattacct gaggaaagca tttaagttcc aaaaggtcta 11460ttcccaggga aagtggaaac aaaatttgtg agtgtgttta ggaccacttt agtctacaga 11520agggctaata tagtgttttt caaacctttc taaacatttt

ggccacagaa ctttcattaa 11580agtaggataa tttaagtcta gtaaatgaaa tacaccctaa gtggctaaaa gtatggctgt 11640tctgcctgca gcccctgcct tcaattccca atgccctgcc tcaagcctgt ctgtgccccc 11700ttggaaggcc cagggccctg tgggatggac agcttctgag tgcattactt ctgagtaaac 11760cagttctaaa acctaagcta agtagattac ctgaaagcaa tcaattcatg ccctaacttg 11820tctaggacat caatgtaact ttttatatag tataaaggtt tcaccttctt tctggcctat 11880gaatatgtct gaaattcaag agcaattaaa gtactcctgg gttgtcaaag ccctttatgt 11940aacactattg agttatcttt atgcgtctga cttgtaagag atgcacaact ctaggaagaa 12000gtagactgct gtgtcctgtt tccaggtatg tgtgtgtttg ccattttgtt gacagacttt 12060aaaagcaaac atttctggcc ccaaccctga actgccaagg actggtgcta tgtaaagggt 12120tctctggatc tgtctcttcc ctaccatccc agggagctct taggaaggga aagggcatag 12180agattatacc agcctgcctt gtggttagga accacccctt ggttggcata tagaacatgc 12240ttgttaaaaa aaccatgcag gggaaagtag agtctactac caggcgagag tttctcaacc 12300tcgaccctat taacattttg agccaaataa ttttgttcta gggcattttc ctgggcattt 12360tagaatattt aacaacatat ctggcctcta ctcattagat gccagtgaac cccaagtgat 12420ggaaaaaaaa aacaacaaca gaaaaaaacc tcttttattg aggaaaaaca ccaaactctt 12480ccacatagtt gcaagacctt gtgcaatttg cctcctagcc accactgtac tcttgaattg 12540cacgcctgat gccaaccaca ctggttcctc atgttcacca tgccccctcc agccatgggg 12600gtgtgtggtc ttctcagagt ctgaagcatt ccccacccac cccaacccac cccctgtggc 12660cttctttaac catgctggct aattcaggat ccctagttcc ttatgacttt cctttaaaac 12720gtctaccaga aattggggga aaaaaagtgt tattatagga ttaatgttgg tcttccccac 12780tatactgtga atatcattga gagcttggtc cctacacctt aaatccccca tcgtcaacta 12840ttttttccca tctcagtgtc ccatgatcaa ggagaccctc cctgaatgtc cagttcccca 12900acccttaccc ccagtccagg gtagcttcct tccttgtgcc tctcattaac ctgcatgccg 12960atccttcagt gcacttgact cagtgtgtaa ttgtatattc agtagcgtgt tgttagatta 13020aaatgtggtt aatatgtgtt tcaccagtta tactatgaca ctccttaagg gcagaaacag 13080catctttttt aatttattga tatccaagtg ccctctataa tagatgctca ataaacattg 13140aatgaaagtg ggtgtcagcc agtactggcc agactcaaac tgaacccact gcttcccact 13200agcttgactt tttcctcctg tttgtggcac tctctttaaa acaaaccaaa ataaacccaa 13260ttttaaaaac tttttaaaat gagcacggat acagaaaacc acacagaaca aatgtgtagc 13320ttaatgaatt tttttcagag aaataacctt atgaccacca ccaagtcgag cagtagaact 13380ttgctgtcca ctaagaagcc ctgtccatgt gccccatccc aattacagca tcctctctct 13440ctccccatta agtaaccgct agcctgactc ctgtaataat cacttccttg tgagtttttt 13500tagttttatt atcgaaatat gcatccttga cacaaattta gtgttgccca cttaatatat 13560ttgatgtctt ttagtctact taatctatgg attctccttc tatcgccttc tatgccttac 13620tgattatcta tgaagaacct gagctattcc acctatagaa tttcccagtc tggatttgtt 13680gattgcacac tgatgatgca gttcagcaca ttcctctatg ctctgcattt cctcaaaatt 13740ggcagttgga tccagagact tgagattcag gttctgattc aggttcagtc cttttggcaa 13800gaccatagga agcatgcaat tcctgactgt ctctttatga tgttaacagt aattagtata 13860taatgcatag atctattaat ccattggggg ctataaatgg tattattcta attttattac 13920cttttcattt aaaagttaga atacttttgt acatgatact acctcttatc tattattggt 13980tgctgttcac atagtttaca aaggaaaatc aggacaaatg cttctttctc tttatttgcc 14040agttttcatt tataatgaat tgtttctctg ttattctcca aatttggcag attctttttt 14100aaaaaaaata tcattatgaa tgtatggatt aaataattga tgtatttcag tctcttgcaa 14160tcattatcat aattgtagca ttgcttttta ggcaaccctg gtacccaggc tgtacatttg 14220tcatggggag tggggagggg gagaaatagc atgggcactg tgagaccgag actgtccctg 14280gcagccagta ttctggcaac actgttcaca cccacttact ggatggatct tgagaaagcc 14340ccacttggtg gagcccattc ctgctgccct tttccagctg gttatctgtc actctccttt 14400tcttcccagg tttggccgga agaatgtgct gttcgtgacc atgggcatgc agacaggctt 14460cagcttcctg cagatcttct cgaagaattt tgagatgttt gtcgtgctgt ttgtccttgt 14520aggcatgggc cagatctcca actatgtggc agcatttgtc ctgggtatgg ccatcaggtt 14580ggagttgagt acttgatcct gtatttcacc atcatcccat cacctacctt tctggagaca 14640gctgtgatgt ccctcaaggg ggacagggtt tctaacaaaa ctagccagag cttcctggtg 14700aaccttactt acaggcaggg aaactgagcc agacatgaga ccagcctggg gtccccagca 14760gcacaatggc ctgacttctg atttccagtt cttttctggc ctctgggctg tggctccttg 14820gtcttagtac ttggtagtca atttactagg actcaccaga gatcctccat ttacaaaaag 14880ggcctgccac tgcacagggc tgagccagcc ccagaaagag ggcggcatgg ttggaggagg 14940aggggctgtg actggcaagc ttgctaaggt agagaacccc ttgtctgcag agcactgtgg 15000ctggtgatat ctacggacaa gaataaattg ataggaaggg gctttcgtca ccttcagggt 15060tttaattcag agtgcacact gcagggcttt gtctcaaatg tgccagcctg ttgtcactga 15120gaagctgcca ggccggcctg tgtttggagg aacctgactc tagctgataa ggcctttgag 15180ttccttgggt tgtattgttg aaagggttgt tttttctttt tatatttaat attctttcct 15240tgaggcttaa gtcagcatgt gctgacttag taatgacttc acttttaata aattcttcct 15300catgtgagga ttaaaggggg cctaccatgg catctttagc acatggcttc agaacatggc 15360gaaattttca agagagaact gttgcttggg ggcctgagag gccacaggga tgtaccccca 15420ggagacagtc agacaggagg ggttcagaac gccatccgct ccctagcgcc atgaacttag 15480agagagttct cgctgttttc ttgtctgtgt attcacaaag ataccataaa aaattaataa 15540ggaaggaacc caaattaaac tgctaactcg acctcccttg ttttgaacag ggacagaaat 15600tcttggcaag tcagttcgta taatattctc tacgttagga gtgtgcatat tttatgcatt 15660tggctacatg gtgctgccac tgtttgctta cttcatccga gactggcgga tgctgctggt 15720ggcgctgacg atgccggggg tgctgtgcgt ggcactctgg tggtgagtgt gaccctgtgc 15780cccatgtgcc cactggcagg atgatttctg tctggccttc actagagggc agcaacaacc 15840catgaatccc tattttgtct cccagagaca ggaagcatag attataaatt atttcagaat 15900gttttctcca cactcaaaag agccaaaaca aaacagaatc ccatgacagc aacagacttg 15960ctctcagccc tgtgctgggt tgccccaagt gtggggaaaa atagcagtag ctgtgagaag 16020atggggtcca gcatgccctg taggaagttc ccaagcctca gggcaggaca gtgtaggccc 16080tagttctggc tgtgtgctgc tgaagcctca tgccacaggc actggcacca aaagcaagag 16140tcctcagggt agccacatgg aggaagccag gctccttctg caccaccaag gtagaggagt 16200tgaacaggca gagaagaggc cattccagac caagagggga acactgcaga ggtgctaagg 16260tgggaatcac cccttgcagg tggagaaggt gagatcacca gcccaagtgg agcagagagc 16320atttcagggc atagtgggag agtaagccgc acatcatggg gcccagtcat gaccgagggt 16380ggggggcggc tacctggtcc cagcaaggtg gaaaataata tccatagagc actcaagtgc 16440cttgataaac atgctaattt ttttcctttt tttcttttct ttttcttttt ttttcttttt 16500tttttctcag acaaagtctc tgttgcccag gctgtagtgc agtggcgtga tttccactta 16560ctgcaacctc cgcctcccca gttcaagcga ttctcatgtc tcagcctccc gagtagctgg 16620gactacaggt gcctgccacc gcacttggct aatttttttt gtatttcttt ggagagacgg 16680gtttcactgc gttggccagg ctggtctgga actcctagcc tcaaatgatc caccggcctt 16740ggcctcctaa agtgctggga ttataggagt gaaccactgc acctggccaa acatgctatt 16800ttaggtagag tatctgacta atctgttgga taaatcaggg gtagggtgag gagagaagag 16860aagctaaaag gccagtgcag aagcttctgt tggtgccggg gacagggagg agagtgtagc 16920agggcctggg ctgacataga catgcacaga agccaggctt ccggagccca tcttgcaccc 16980atctcctcag cccagcagat ggcaacactg ctcttcagaa atggaggtgg ccagccagca 17040tggggatgcc gtcagggggt gcagggctct cccatttttg tgcggtgtgg ggtacacata 17100agctcatcca ccccaggtta ttgctgcgtg tggatcagct ctttgcttct ggcttgtgat 17160caccaaacat tccacaagct ctggttctgc aaccttattc ccacctatgg ctgtgctcta 17220cctggtctgt gggtctgctg ttggcaggga ggcctcactg agattggacc ttgtactgcc 17280aggttcatcc ctgagtcccc ccgatggctc atctctcagg gacgatttga agaggcagag 17340gtgatcatcc gcaaggctgc caaagccaat gggattgttg tgccttccac tatctttgac 17400ccgagtgagg taagcaccat gtgggtgtgg gtgagaggga cagactgacc gtgatttgag 17460agcagcagca cccagccctg aagtcctccc tgctcacagc agcccagccc tctctctgcc 17520caagccccaa ctgcccattc cccccatccc cccactcccc acccccacac gggccctgtt 17580aacactcaga agttgaggaa taggttacag ctgcctcact cttttcacca cgggtttcag 17640attttcattt tttacttcct ttctaggcaa tcatatattt taaccattac ttctaacaat 17700aaatactctt tttgagtaat aggcctttca taaagtcagc atttgggaaa atcattgttt 17760cttataccta aggtggcttg tcaccttaca aagctaaccc caaacgtaaa atgtaaagca 17820caaatagatt tggagttaga agtatttcat ctcttgagta ttagcaatta ttcattaaaa 17880agaaaaaaaa agtgtttagt ctctttctgc cctccaatgg ttaattattg catatcatct 17940tggagtcagg tcctttttga tgtccacctc ttccccctac cccacccctc ccgtcagccc 18000tgttctcaca caccatgact catttcttgg ctctacctag ttcctggttc ttgcttttcc 18060ttcccgttcc ctctcctacc atctctgtag caggcagttt tccttggtct cgtgactatg 18120agaggttaga agctgtaaat gctgcctggt ggggttctgg aatgtgtctg tggtctgact 18180ggaagatgag gggttgggtg tgggaacagc cacaagcagc cctgctgaag tgtgagaggc 18240aggcatggtt gggcttggaa aagagggaac agttattgta gacagcggag gccaatggcc 18300actgccagcc ctgcagactt cccagtgagt ggtggcccag cagccactgt cagcatgcac 18360cagaaagggg tcctgtgcgc aaaggtcagg caggagtgtg gcagagggct tttaagttag 18420gtggttttgg gggcttttaa gtgaggggtc aatctgggtg aatgcataag ccccactggc 18480atctttgagg aaatgaggct atttcagggg atactttcag tccaaagttg accttttgtt 18540gaacttctaa ctctggaaaa acaagctcca aacctgggtt tgcttaagaa agcaacatca 18600gtgtgtttag acgtgtggtt tattaatggc cttggctgtg ctgaatttca taggaagtca 18660ctctgggtga agctcaggtc aattttcctg tttttctatt tgaattcttt ttccctggaa 18720gcacaccagt aactacatag tataaggact caaaacatta acttttaaaa aatatcagac 18780caataaacca cacagccagg tactctctct gacccagagg gcagggagcc aggcttcggg 18840aggaatactt agaggcctcc ttggaatgtg gccaccgaca ggaatatgtg ggggtgcagt 18900gaggaagctg tcagcctggg cctctgtctt cctgtaccct tgagggactg gtcacttact 18960tttcctcatt ttcattcact ctgatttgtt actgacaagg cctagggaag ttttcacagc 19020ctaaaacaca gtcagtatac ttactgttct tagaaacgta acactccccg acgctgagat 19080gcagacagct aagatgccag ggattcaagt atgttattgt gtgctctgag tctctgacca 19140cctcttcttc ccatacactt atgatgttgt tcctgcagtt acaagaccta agttccaaga 19200agcagcagtc ccacaacatt ctggatctgc ttcgaacctg gaatatccgg atggtcacca 19260tcatgtccat aatgctgtgg tatgtaaaag agacctgcct gaggcttcca gacaaagctt 19320cttgaagtgg ccattgggcc tcttgtttac agacatgcct cagacaaaat tcaaagccta 19380tgtcatcaga gagtgaaaag gatatgtctt gtgttagatg gaaaaaatgg gcatgtcaca 19440attcttaatg ggatggaacc tcagaaaagg agaatgaaaa caattgtgga ggctgttgtg 19500ggaaatatgg actctcgtgg ggaatctctc cagatcttaa gatgaatcct tgcccaattt 19560gggtcattta gttcccgtct cctacccagt taccgacagt ggctgaggag gccaggtagg 19620gcttttaaga aggatctgag tgaagacacc atgtcctgta ggctgcagag gctgccagtt 19680actttctgga aatgtggaag tgggatgtgc tcctcctggg atgtccataa acggtcctgg 19740agtcagggct atagcctaga tgtccttacc aggttcccac taatgaggca aagtatgtca 19800gaaagggatt tgtgaattac cagggagagg aaacatgtcc aagtgcacat cgctagcttt 19860tgctcagcgg ccgaaccctg ggattctagg cgacttctgg agcctggtgg gttagcggtg 19920agaagatggg cgaggagggc ggacttcatc tcagagtcct tattactagt ctcatccagc 19980tttgaggcag tcagccactg tgcctactga gggagtgcta tgagtcaccc gcttccaagg 20040aatggcccag gatccctcca ggcagttcac cattccctga gttggcctca agacaggagc 20100agcatgtagc ctgcaccaca gacatgcaag cctgtgatga gtcacccact tttgtgttca 20160cccaggctct cctccctgct ctggatttcc tggggactca tgcacatact ctttttattg 20220taccagctgt gtgttccacc tgcagatgag tcaaaacagt ctaatccata aaggtctggt 20280ttgtcaaaga gtgtgggtca tcaacagaga gaatgcctac tggggatgcc caggtcaggg 20340gtactgcagg gcatcctgat gagaggcagt gtggcccctc cattgggagc cacctctctg 20400ctccacaagt accgcggggc tggtgtcagc tgtctctgac cagcctcttc ctgactggtc 20460accacaggta gtgtgtgagg gtctctctcc aagtgtttga cctaatgttg ttccttttgt 20520tatcttatcc cccaaatcct atcacacctc acttgatgtc tgcctcctga ctcattctct 20580agctccttct gcagttgctg gatttgagga ggttcagctt aggattttta aagctgaaag 20640gcaggttgga atttttcttt tcaatgaagt aaatctatct gaattataca agcttttttg 20700ctgggacact gtctatatgg aaggctctga gagcgcactg gcgcagggtt tacactgtac 20760cacttgggct ggggaaaatt atcttttgat ctatgaagta agacgcaggg ttacagttac 20820tgctgcctta ctagtctctg cttaaagatg gtttggaatt tactgaaata attgcattgt 20880aaaagttgta caggttggga aagatgtgga tactgctttt ccagctttct tctgcactct 20940gtttcaggat gaccatatca gtgggctatt ttgggctttc gcttgatact cctaacttgc 21000atggggacat ctttgtgaac tgcttccttt cagcgatggt tgaagtccca gcatatgtgt 21060tggcctggct gctgctgcaa tatttgcccc ggcgctattc catggccact gccctcttcc 21120tgggtggcag tgtccttctc ttcatgcagc tggtaccccc aggtagggac catgtgcatc 21180tatggtttgg ggtcttcact gagtctctta ctgtctacca ggctgtctca attaataaag 21240agaataaaat caagcccatc acagctccct tgcttatata cattcttggc ctaaaaatca 21300atagaaagtg tcttctgaga ctagaacact tatggcctgg gctttgaggg agtgggaaaa 21360agcagccatt ggggctgttg gttaatttta ctctgtaccc aagttaatgt gctcatactg 21420ttttccactg cagaagaaga gggaagaaat agctatccca ttcctttttt tcctggccct 21480gtcttcttta tttattcaac aaatagctat ggcatgccta ccatgggctg ggcactgtgc 21540tcggtgataa cgatacacaa gaaaacaagc caggcagaac cccaggccct catggaacgt 21600acaccctaga tgagaagaca gacaacaaac aagtaaataa aatgcttaat atagttcaga 21660ctgtgttacc ttctaggaat acaaatgaag gacaatgccg agttagttta catagtcaca 21720gatagtgtcc ctgaacaggg ggcagttcag tagaaatgta cataaagtga cagaaagccc 21780tgaaaaagtc taggagaaca ttttaggaag aagaaatggc aaaggcagcg accctgagca 21840ggggatgagc ctggcatgtt tgaggaggag ggagaagggg aggggccaga ccactgagag 21900ggcctcacag acccttagca ggattttatt tctgaaacta tcttagtatc ccacagatgg 21960gtgggaggta gccatttcca ataatttata gaacagttca tgggccctca tctctccctc 22020tccatcactg tgcccagaga cttcagtgta cctgtagatt tgggagcctc tgatggtcac 22080ttttgggccc atcaggctga gaacactgca cgggaacagc tccccatggg atgtggcagg 22140aggagcccag aactgatgta gaggctcaca gctgagctca gagtgacctt caggtcacac 22200atagctctcc catcagcaca gcacagagag attagaagat caactcgaga ttctgatggc 22260ctatgatttt tttgaggtct gagtgggagg aaagcatgaa atgagttaga actgaattct 22320ccattcatct aaacatcatg agttaattcc atagtgcctg cagtgtgagg ttctggggtg 22380acagttaatc cctgacagac atgtctttaa tgacttatag actgggaagc aggttgattg 22440gactattaag gagcttactc tggtggtctc caggttgagg aaagtgcatg tccttatagc 22500tgcaggtccc agcctccttt cagcaatcaa tttggaggga aatcttggct atagcccctt 22560cccccacaat aggaagtgat agaaactgac tccccaaaaa atttgggaag aaagtatgtt 22620tgttttgctc tcaatagctg catgccatgg gttggtacct actcctaccc tctttccttt 22680gcttctccag acttgtatta tttggctaca gtcctggtga tggtgggcaa gtttggagtc 22740acggctgcct tttccatggt ctacgtgtac acagccgagc tgtatcccac agtggtgaga 22800aacatgggtg tgggagtcag ctccacagca tcccgcctgg gcagcatcct gtctccctac 22860ttcgtttacc ttggtaagtc ccatgagcca agggcacact agagcaacgg gatggaagta 22920ctaactggct tgaatgtgag ctggaggttg cgtgttaaca ggaaaacaag ttcatacagt 22980acatgggctc catccagtac tggatctttg gccgggaagg gttcttgtcc cagtgcactg 23040gccctcactt tcaaatggaa aacaacctat agattaccta gaaattgatg agaatattag 23100agggtttgtt tctgttttag ccatcccagg ccttccatca gagactacaa ttcctttatc 23160ctaagaacct acagagtggt ttagggagcc agtgtgctta gttggagaaa tttcttggaa 23220tcagagttta aaaggaacat gaggggaaag atgtccatgc aagaggtctg atgaacgtaa 23280aattattata acctagagca ctatagagtg attttatctt gtgtgaagat ccaccccatg 23340ccattttatg tagcaggtct ccagttttct cttctcagaa ttatgtcttc atagcacctg 23400tggtttccct gcacatccct agccagtacc tctttaggga gggtggcacc cacctgagag 23460tactcagagt gctttgtgaa catgctatgt agatctcaaa gcaagcaaaa gcaccctgcc 23520taatctgaag gcagatcaca tgggctggga cacatctgca gaggtggaag agttatttcc 23580atccctggac aagtacctca ggttccttgg aaacccaacc ttggtaaata agaataatca 23640gcatggccca gaaataggaa taatcagcat ggcccagctc ttctcctgca accgcccctt 23700tgtactcctc ccctgcatgg tggaacactg ctgggctctg ggcatgcctg tgccagctct 23760gggttctgaa acctgtctag atgccagatt ctaatctgac tgctcagact gtgagagatg 23820tgagaccaag aaggaaagtg atccccttcc agagtcctgg gagcataaag gggtagatga 23880gagaccaagt ctaactgcag ccctgggcct gaggctccgt ctgctttgcc ataggtgcct 23940acgaccgctt cctgccctac attctcatgg gaagtctgac catcctgaca gccatcctca 24000ccttgtttct cccagagagc ttcggtaccc cactcccaga caccattgac cagatgctaa 24060gagtcaaagg gtaagaagac ctcctctgtc agtgttgatg cactgggtct gggtctggcc 24120aggtctcagg agcccctcac aatagagcta ctcgcaaact ccctctcaca gacaccatgg 24180actagtttag ccattaaagg gttgtaaatg gcaaggtgct tacttatagc ccatcctctc 24240tggtctgttc ctgtgtggac atgtcactat acacatctcc atggcagtag ccgcactgga 24300taactcagag gctagaagaa acctttcaga atctgctgca ggattctctt cccagggaag 24360atatcctcag ttcttgtttg tttggagact gggaggcatc tttttaaaat gtgttactga 24420catatttttg cttgttttta tagaatgaaa cacagaaaaa ctccaagtca cacaaggatg 24480ttaaaagatg gtcaagaaag gcccacaatc cttaaaagca cagccttcta acatcgcttc 24540cagtaaggga gaaactgaag aggaaagact gtcttgccag aaatggccag cttgtgcaga 24600ctccgagtcc ttcagtgaca aaggcctttg ctgtttgtcc tcttgacctg tgtctgactt 24660gctcctggat gggcacccac actcagaggc tacatatggc cctagagcac caccttcctc 24720tagggacact ggggctacct acagacaact tcatctaagt cctaactatt acaatgatgg 24780actcagcacc tccaaagcag ttaatttttc actagaacca gtgagatctg gaggaatgtg 24840agaagcatat gctaaatgta cattttaatt ttagactact tgaaaaggcc cctaataagg 24900ctagaggtct aagtccccca cccctttccc cactcccctc tagtggtgaa ctttagagga 24960aaaggaagta attgcacaag gagtttgatt cttacctttt ctcagttaca gaggacatta 25020actggatcat tgcttcccca gggcaggaga gcgcagagct agggaaagtg aaaggtaatg 25080aagatggagc agaatgagca gatgcagatc accagcaaag tgcactgatg tgtgagctct 25140taagaccact cagcatgacg actgagtaga cttgtttaca tctgatcaaa gcactgggct 25200tgtccaggct cataataaat gctccattga atctactatt cttgttttcc actgctgtgg 25260aaacctcctt gctactatag cgtcttatgt atggtttaaa ggaaatttat caggtgagag 25320agatgagcaa cgttgtcttt tctctcaaag ctgtaatgtg ggttttgttt tactgtttat 25380ttgtttgttg ttgtatcctt ttctccttgt tatttgccct tcagaatgca cttgggaaag 25440gctggttcct tagcctcctg gtttgtgtct tttttttttt ttttttaaac acagaatcac 25500tctggcaatt gtctgcagct gccactggtg caaggcctta ccagccctag cctctagcac 25560ttctctaagt gccaaaaaca gtgtcattgt gtgtgttcct ttcttgatac ttagtcatgg 25620gaggatatta caaaaaagaa atttaaattg tgttcatagt ctttcagagt agctcacttt 25680agtcctgtaa ctttattggg tgatattttg tgttcagtgt aattgtcttc tctttgctga 25740ttatgttacc atggtactcc taaagcatat gcctcacctg gttaaaaaag aacaaacatg 25800tttttgtgaa agctactgaa gtgccttggg aaatgagaaa gttttaataa gtaaaatgat 25860tttttaaata t 25871624DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 6gcaggaccaa ggcggcggtg tcag 24724DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 7agactagagg aaaaacggga tagc 24824DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 8agatttttag gagcaagcgt taga 24924DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 9gaggcagaca ccgtggcact acta 241024DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence

10ttcacaccca cttactggat ggat 241124DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 11attctgtttt gttttggctc tttt 241224DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 12agcagggcct gggctgacat agac 241324DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 13aaaggacctg actccaagat gata 241424DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 14tctgaccacc tcttcttccc atac 241524DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 15gcctcctcag ccactgtcgg taac 241624DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 16atgttgttcc ttttgttatc ttat 241724DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 17cttgttttct tgtgtatcgt tatc 241824DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 18tatgtttgtt ttgctctcaa tagc 241924DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 19tctgtgagag ggagtttgcg agta 242024DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 20tacgaccgct tcctgcccta catt 242124DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 21tcattctgct ccatcttcat tacc 242233DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 22gataagctta cggtgtcccc ttattcccat acg 332324DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 23cccatgccaa caaggacaaa aagc 242424DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 24tgtttttcgt gggtgtgctg atgg 242524DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceArtificially Synthesized Primer Sequence 25acagaacaga aaagccctca gtca 242610PRTHomo sapiens 26Glu Gln Lys Leu Ile Ser Glu Glu Asp Leu1 5 102717DNAMus musculus 27tcctgtggct gaccata 172817DNAMus musculus 28tcctgtggcg gaccata 172922DNAHomo sapiens 29agggcggcat gccgggacta cg 223019DNAHomo sapiens 30cttgcagtga aacctggtg 193119DNAHomo sapiens 31tttgccataa gtgcctacg 19

Claims

1.-6. (canceled)

7. A method comprising: (a) providing a cell comprising a vector comprising a reporter gene downstream of a promoter sequence from SEQ ID NO:5; (b) contacting a test compound with the cell; and (c) detecting expression of the reporter gene, wherein an increase or decrease in expression of the reporter gene in the presence of the test compound, compared to in the absence of the test compound, is indicative of a compound that regulates OCTN2 gene expression.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the test compound binds to the promoter.

9. A method comprising: (a) providing an oligonucleotide DNA, wherein the oligonucleotide DNA comprises a promoter sequence from SEQ ID NO:5 that is upstream of the OCTN2 coding sequence; (b) contacting a test compound with the oligonucleotide DNA; and (c) determining whether the test compound binds to the oligonucleotide DNA, wherein binding to the oligonucleotide DNA is indicative that the test compound is able to regulate OCTN2 gene expression.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the regulatory sequence is a promoter region of the OCTN2 gene.

11. A method of screening for a compound that regulates OCTN2 gene expression, the method comprising: (a) contacting a test compound with DNA that comprises a promoter region of the OCTN2 gene; and (b) measuring binding of the test compound to the promoter, wherein a compound that binds to the promoter is indicative of a compound that regulates OCTN2 gene expression.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the DNA further comprises (i) OCTN2 genomic DNA (SEQ ID NO:5); (ii) a sequence that regulates transcription of SEQ ID NO:5; or (iii) DNA that encodes an OCTN2 protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the DNA is bound to a solid support.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the compound is purified by affinity chromatography.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the test compound is a protein.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the protein is a transcription factor.

17. A method of screening for a compound that regulates OCTN2 gene expression, the method comprising: (a) providing a cell comprising a reporter gene downstream of DNA that comprises a promoter region of the OCTN2 gene; and (b) detecting reporter gene activity in the cell, wherein an increase or decrease in reporter gene expression in the presence of the test compound, compared to in the absence of the test compound, is indicative of a compound that regulates OCTN2 gene expression.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the test compound is a protein.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the protein is a transcription factor.

20. A method comprising: (a) contacting a test compound with a cell comprising an OCTN2 protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1; and (b) evaluating the activity of the protein, wherein an increase in the carnitine transporting activity of the OCTN2 protein in the presence of the test compound, compared to in the absence of the test compound, is indicative of a compound that enhances the activity of the OCTN2 protein.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the test compound is introduced into a cell comprising a vector that expresses the OCTN2 protein.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the activity of the OCTN2 protein is evaluated by measuring carnitine transport into the cell.

23.-24. (canceled)