U.S. patent application number 13/200274 was filed with the patent office on 2012-05-10 for liquid fuel composition and method for enhancing combustion efficiency of a liquid fuel.
Invention is credited to Chien-Li Lee, Kai-Shon Tsai.
Application Number | 20120110900 13/200274 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46018300 |
Filed Date | 2012-05-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120110900 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Tsai; Kai-Shon ; et
al. |
May 10, 2012 |
Liquid fuel composition and method for enhancing combustion
efficiency of a liquid fuel
Abstract
A liquid fuel composition includes: a liquid fuel; and a
sublimatable organic compound that has a sublimation point lower
than 45.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure, and that includes a
skeleton selected from bicycloheptane, indane, pyrone,
cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane,
cyclooctane, and benzene.
Inventors: |
Tsai; Kai-Shon; (Xinbei
City, TW) ; Lee; Chien-Li; (Xinbei City, TW) |
Family ID: |
46018300 |
Appl. No.: |
13/200274 |
Filed: |
September 22, 2011 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
44/349 ; 44/436;
44/439; 44/450; 585/14 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10L 1/1824 20130101;
C10L 1/1857 20130101; C10L 2230/22 20130101; C10L 1/1608 20130101;
C10L 10/00 20130101; C10L 1/1855 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
44/349 ; 44/450;
585/14; 44/439; 44/436 |
International
Class: |
C10L 1/185 20060101
C10L001/185; C10L 1/16 20060101 C10L001/16; C10L 1/182 20060101
C10L001/182; C10L 1/18 20060101 C10L001/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 10, 2010 |
TW |
099138652 |
Claims
1. A liquid fuel composition, comprising: a liquid fuel, and a
sublimatable organic compound that has a sublimation point lower
than 45.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure, and that includes a
skeleton selected from the group consisting of bicycloheptane,
indane, pyrone, cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane,
cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and benzene.
2. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1, wherein said
sublimatable organic compound is selected from the group consisting
of menthol, borneol, camphene, tert-butylcyclohexanol, maltol
(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone),
5-acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethylindane (phantolide),
4-acetyl-6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylindane (celestolide),
1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-6-ethyl-7-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahy
dronaphthalene(versalide),
2-isopropyl-2,5-dihydroxy-5-methylcyclohexanone,
1-methyl-1-hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-1-hydroxyethyl)cycloh exane,
2-methyl-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylvinyl)-2-cyclohexa none,
3-methyl-3-hydroxy-6-isopropylcyclohexanone,
5.sup.-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexane,
2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]-2-heptane,
2-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-cyclohexyl)isopropanol,
1-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexane,
1-methyl-2,5-diisobutyl-4-cumene, 1-hydroxy-2-isobutylcyclohexane,
1-hydroxy-1-isobutylcyclohexane,
1,4-dihydroxy-3,6-diisobutylcyclohexane,
1-hydroxy-3,6-diisobutylcyclohexane,
1-hydroxy-4-isobutylcyclohexane,
4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptanone,
4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptanol,
1-hydroxl-3-isopropyl-6-methylcyclohexane,
2-isobutyl-3-isopropylcyclopropanone,
2-isobutyl-3-isopropylcyclopropanol,
2-isobutyl-4-ethylcyclobutanone, 2-isobutyl-4-ethylcyclobutanol,
2-isobutyl-4-methylcyclopentanone,
2-isobutyl-4-methylcyclopentanol, 2-isobutylcyclohexanone,
2-isobutylcyclohexanol, 4-isopropylcycloheptanone,
4-isopropylcycloheptanol, 3,7-dimethylcyclooctanone,
3,7-dimethylcyclooctanol, and combinations thereof.
3. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1, wherein said
sublimatable organic compound is present in an amount of 0.1-500
grams based on 10 L of said liquid fuel.
4. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1, wherein said liquid fuel
is selected from the group consisting of gasoline, diesel, alcohol,
biomass fuel, organic hydrogenated fuel oil, and combinations
thereof.
5. A method for enhancing combustion efficiency of a liquid fuel,
comprising: adding a sublimatable organic compound in a liquid
fuel, wherein the sublimatable organic compound has a sublimation
point lower than 45.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure and includes
a skeleton selected from the group consisting of bicycloheptane,
indane, pyrone, cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane,
cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and benzene.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the sublimatable organic compound
is selected from the group consisting of menthol, borneol,
camphene, tert-butylcyclohexanol,
maltol(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone),
5-acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethylindane(phantolide),
4-acetyl-6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylindane(celestolide),
1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-6-ethyl-7-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahy
dronaphthalene(versalide),
2-isopropyl-2,5-dihydroxy-5-methylcyclohexanone,
1-methyl-1-hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-1-hydroxyethyl)cycloh exane,
2-methyl-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylvinyl)-2-cyclohexa none,
3-methyl-3-hydroxy-6-isopropylcyclohexanone,
5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexane,
2-hydroxy.sup.-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]-2-heptane,
2-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-cyclohexyl)isopropanol,
1-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexane,
1-methyl-2,5-diisobutyl-4-cumene, 1-hydroxy-2-isobutylcyclohexane,
1-hydroxy-1-isobutylcyclohexane,
1,4-dihydroxy-3,6-diisobutylcyclohexane,
1-hydroxy-3,6-diisobutylcyclohexane,
1-hydroxy-4-isobutylcyclohexane,
4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptanone,
4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptanol,
1-hydroxl-3-isopropyl-6-methylcyclohexane,
2-isobutyl-3-isopropylcyclopropanone,
2-isobutyl-3-isopropylcyclopropanol,
2-isobutyl-4-ethylcyclobutanone, 2-isobutyl-4-ethylcyclobutanol,
2-isobutyl-4-methylcyclopentanone,
2-isobutyl-4-methylcyclopentanol, 2-isobutylcyclohexanone,
2-isobutylcyclohexanol, 4-isopropylcycloheptanone,
4-isopropylcycloheptanol, 3,7-dimethylcyclooctanone,
3,7-dimethylcyclooctanol, and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the sublimatable organic compound
is present in an amount of 0.1-500 grams based on 10 L of the
liquid fuel.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the liquid fuel is selected from
the group consisting of gasoline, diesel, alcohol, biomass fuel,
organic hydrogenated fuel oil, and combinations thereof.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority of Taiwanese application
No. 099138652, filed on Nov. 10, 2010.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates to a liquid fuel composition and a
method for enhancing combustion efficiency of a liquid fuel using a
sublimatable organic compound.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] As the global energy crisis and environmental pollution
become more serious, scientists are devoting efforts to investigate
alternative energy resources as well as develop methods for
enhancing the combustion efficiency and reducing the usage of
present energy sources such as fossil fuels. For the latter
purpose, aside from modifying the mechanical structure of
combustion equipment, use of fuel additives to improve combustion
efficiency is also widely employed. For example, methyl
tertiarybutyl ether (MEBT) has been added in unleaded gasoline in
an amount of about 4-10 wt % to achieve complete combustion of
gasoline. However, exposure to MEBT for a long time is likely to
cause tissue/organ damage or cancer. Camphor and naphthalene are
also used as fuel additives. U.S. Pat. No.5,266,082 discloses a
fuel additive for improving combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel and
substantially reducing motor vehicle exhaust emissions. The fuel
additive includes at least 90 wt % of a carrier liquid, a bicyclic
aromatic component such as naphthalene, zinc oxide, and metal
oxides. However, since camphor and naphthalene have relatively high
melting points, i.e., 176-180.degree. C. and 179.75.degree. C.,
respective, they posses poor burning characteristics, thereby
resulting in heavy smoke and carbon deposits.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide
a liquid fuel composition and a method using the same that may
overcome the above drawbacks associated with the prior art.
[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a
liquid fuel composition includes: a liquid fuel; and a sublimatable
organic compound that has a sublimation point lower than 45.degree.
C. at atmospheric pressure, and that includes a skeleton selected
from the group consisting of bicycloheptane, indane, pyrone,
cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane,
cyclooctane, and benzene.
[0008] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a
method for enhancing combustion efficiency of a liquid fuel
includes: adding a sublimatable organic compound in a liquid fuel,
wherein the sublimatable organic compound has a sublimation point
lower than 45.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure and includes a
skeleton selected from the group consisting of bicycloheptane,
indane, pyrone, cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane,
cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and benzene.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0009] According to the preferred embodiments of the present
invention, a liquid fuel composition comprises: a liquid fuel; and
a sublimatable organic compound that has a sublimation point lower
than 45.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure, and that includes a
skeleton selected from the group consisting of bicycloheptane,
indane, pyrone, cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane,
cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and benzene.
[0010] Preferred examples for the sublimatable organic compound are
described below according to the skeleton thereof. It should be
noted that the sublimatable organic compound is not limited to the
following examples. The sublimatable organic compounds containing
different skeletons can be simultaneously used in the liquid fuel
composition of this invention.
1. Bicycloheptane Skeleton:
[0011] Natural compounds include, e.g., borneol, camphene, etc.
[0012] Synthesis compounds include, e.g.,
2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]-2-heptane having the
following formula (1),
[0013] 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptanone having the following
formula (2),
[0014] 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptanone having the following
formula (3), etc. Schemes for synthesis of formulas (1), (2), and
(3) are shown below.
##STR00001##
Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (1)
##STR00002##
[0015] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (2)
##STR00003##
[0016] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (3)
##STR00004##
[0017] 2. Indane Skeletone:
[0018] Natural compounds include, e.g.,
5-acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethylindane(phantolide),
4-acetyl-6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylindane (celestolide),
[0019] 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-6-ethyl-7-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetra
hydronaphthalene(versalide), etc.
3. Pyrone Skeletone:
[0020] Natural compounds include, e.g., maltol
(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone), etc.
4. Cyclopropane Skeletone:
[0021] Synthesis compounds include, e.g.,
[0022] 2-isobutyl-3-isopropylcyclopropanol having the following
formula (4),
[0023] 2-isobutyl-3-isopropylcyclopropanone having the following
formula (5), etc.
##STR00005##
5. Cyclobutane Skeletone:
[0024] Synthesis compounds include, e.g.,
[0025] 2-isobutyl-4-ethylcyclobutanol having the following
formula(6),2-isobutyl-4-ethylcyclobutanone having the following
formula (7), etc.
##STR00006##
6. Cyclopentane Skeletone:
[0026] Synthesis compounds include, e.g.,
[0027] 2-isobutyl-4-methylcyclopentanol having the following
formula (8),
[0028] 2-isobutyl-4-methylcyclopentanone having the following
formula (9), etc.
##STR00007##
7. Cyclohexane Skeletone:
[0029] Natural compounds include, e.g., menthol,
tert-butylcyclohexanol, etc.
[0030] Synthesis compounds include, e.g.,
[0031] 2-isopropyl-2,5-dihydroxy-5-methylcyclohexanone derived from
menthol and having the following formula (10),
[0032] 1-methyl -1-hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-1-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexane
derived from limonene and having the following formula (11),
[0033] 2-methyl-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylvinyl)-2-cyclo hexanone
derived from carvone and having the following formula (12),
[0034] 3-methyl-3-hydroxy-6-isopropylcyclohexanone derived from
piperitone and having the following formula (13),
[0035] 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethylidene)cyclo hexane
derived from pulegone and having the following formula (14),
[0036] 2-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-cyclohexyl)isopropanol derived from
terpineol and having the following formula (15),
[0037] 1-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)cyclo hexane
derived from terpinolene and having the following formula (16),
[0038] 1-hydroxy-2-isobutylcyclohexane having the following formula
(17),
[0039] 1-hydroxy-1-isobutylcyclohexane having the following formula
(18),
[0040] 1, 4-dihydroxy-3,6-diisobutylcyclohexane having the
following formula (19),
[0041] 1-hydroxy-3,6-diisobutylcyclohexane having the following
formula (20),
[0042] 1-hydroxy-4-isobutylcyclohexane having the following formula
(21), 2-isobutylcyclohexanone having the following formula
(22),
[0043] 1-hydroxl-3-isopropyl-6-methylcyclohexane having the
following formula (23), 2-isobutylcyclohexanol having the following
formula (24), etc. Schemes for synthesis of formulas (10) to (23)
are shown below.
##STR00008## ##STR00009##
Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (10)
##STR00010##
[0044] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (11)
##STR00011##
[0045] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (12)
##STR00012##
[0046] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (13)
##STR00013##
[0047] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (14)
##STR00014##
[0048] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (15)
##STR00015##
[0049] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (16)
##STR00016##
[0050] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (17)
##STR00017##
[0051] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (18)
##STR00018##
[0052] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (19)
##STR00019##
[0053] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (20)
##STR00020##
[0054] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (21)
##STR00021##
[0055] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (22)
##STR00022##
[0056] Scheme for Synthesis of Formula (23)
##STR00023##
[0057] 8. Cycloheptane Skeletone:
[0058] Synthesis compounds include, e.g.,
[0059] 4-isopropylcycloheptanol having the following formula (25),
4-isopropylcycloheptanone having the following formula (26),
etc.
##STR00024##
9. Cyclooctane Skeletone:
[0060] Synthesis compounds include, e.g.,
[0061] 3,7-dimethylcyclooctanol having the following formula (27),
3,7-dimethylcyclooctanone having the following formula (28),
etc.
##STR00025##
10. Benzene Skeletone:
[0062] Synthesis compounds include
[0063] 1-methyl-2,5-diisobutyl-4-cumene having the following
formula (29), etc.
##STR00026##
[0064] Each of the above sublimatable organic compounds is either a
natural compound or a synthetic compound. They are substantially
environmental friendly and have little or no impact to the
environment.
[0065] Preferably, in the liquid fuel composition, the sublimatable
organic compound is present in an amount of 0.1-500 grams based on
10 L of the liquid fuel.
[0066] Preferably, the liquid fuel of the liquid fuel composition
is selected from the group consisting of gasoline, diesel, alcohol,
biomass fuel, organic hydrogenated fuel oil, and combinations
thereof. Examples of the organic hydrogenated fuel oil include, but
are not limited to, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and
decahydronaphthalene.
[0067] The method for enhancing combustion efficiency of a liquid
fuel according to the present invention includes adding the
aforesaid sublimatable organic compound(s) in the liquid fuel.
EXAMPLE
Examples 1 to 7 (E1-E7)
[0068] 2.5 grams of a sublimatable organic compound of the present
invention was added in a liquid fuel having a predetermined volume
so as to form a liquid fuel composition of the present invention.
The liquid fuel composition of the present invention was filled in
the fuel tank of a vehicle which was subsequently tested to run on
a general road in Shenzhen, China with a varying speed. The species
of the sublimatable organic compound, the liquid fuel, the amounts
of the liquid fuel, the tested vehicle, and the total volume
displaced by a cylinder/cylinders of the engine through one
revolution, horsepower, and manufacture year of the vehicle for
each of Examples 1 to 7 are shown in Table 1. The running mileage
of each of Examples 1 to 7 was recorded and is shown in Table
2.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Amount Horse- of Total volume power
Manufacture Sublimatable Organic Liquid Liquid Example Vehicle
(c.c.) (hp) Year Compound Fuel Fuel (L) 1 TUCSOND- 2000 136
November 2007 1-hydroxy-4- diesel 50 DX2 isobutylcyclohexane 2 Audi
A80 2000 175 October 2002 2-isobutyl- 95RON 60 cyclohexanone
unleaded gasoline 3 Honda 3000 200 June 2003 1-hydroxl-3-isopropyl-
97RON 50 Accord 6-methylcyclohexane unleaded gasoline 4 Audi A80
2000 175 October 2002 2-isobutylcyclohexanol 95RON 60 unleaded
gasoline 5 Honda 3000 200 June 2003 2-isobutylcyclohexanone 97RON
50 Accord unleaded gasoline 6 Honda 3000 200 June 2003
4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo- 97RON 50 Accord [2.2.1]heptanol unleaded
gasoline 7 TUCSOND- 2000 136 November 2007 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo-
diesel 50 DX2 [2.2.1]heptanone
Comparative Examples 1 to 7 (CE1-CE7)
[0069] The composition and test conditions of each of Comparative
Examples 1 to 7 were the same as those of each of Examples 1 to 7,
respectively, except that the liquid fuels used in Comparative
Examples 1 to 7 contain no sublimatable organic compounds. The
running mileage of each of Comparative Examples 1 to 7 was recorded
and is shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example/Comparative Example Mileage E1 560
CE1 480 E2 430 CE2 350 E3 450 CE3 350 E4 460 CE4 350 E5 440 CE5 350
E6 470 CE6 350 E7 590 CE7 480
[0070] The results shown in Table 2 indicate that addition of the
sublimatable organic compounds of this invention to the liquid fuel
can raise the running mileage of the vehicles.
[0071] When the sublimatable organic compound of this invention is
sublimated in the liquid fuel, the volume of the sublimatable
organic compound is increased, thereby resulting in a disturbing
flow and a diffusion of Brown Movement in the liquid fuel to allow
the liquid fuel to be uniformly heated and thus converted to small
molecules or gas state. The sublimated organic compound also
assists the diffusion/movement and complete combustion of the
liquid fuel with small molecules or gas state. Therefore, with the
addition of the sublimatable organic compound in the liquid fuel,
the combustion efficiency of the liquid fuel composition of this
invention,can be enhanced.
[0072] While the present invention has been described in connection
with what are considered the most practical and preferred
embodiments, it is understood that this invention is not limited to
the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various
arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the broadest
interpretations and equivalent arrangements.
* * * * *