U.S. patent application number 13/199115 was filed with the patent office on 2012-04-19 for medicinal cannabis uniform in food.
Invention is credited to Andrew David Hospodor.
Application Number | 20120095088 13/199115 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45593224 |
Filed Date | 2012-04-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120095088 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hospodor; Andrew David |
April 19, 2012 |
Medicinal cannabis uniform in food
Abstract
The invention is a product and a process wherein cannabinoids
such as Medicinal .DELTA..sup.9-THC and/or other substances
associated with medicinal cannabis, including yet not necessarily
limited to cannbidiols, cannabigerol are contained or processed
into foodstuffs or medicinal compounds in controlled ways and with
specific characteristics. First a medicinal substance with a known
about of medicinal cannabis is mixed into a foodstuff such that the
medicinal cannabis is distributed uniformly in the foodstuff.
Foodstuffs consistent with this invention include baked goods, hard
candies, ice cream, bases, ice cream, and yogurt. The product is
characterized by a controlled amount of cannabinoids per unit
volume of the foodstuff. Another provision of the invention is
providing controlled amounts or ratios of .DELTA..sup.9-THC as
compared to CBD in a foodstuff.
Inventors: |
Hospodor; Andrew David;
(Santa Cruz, CA) |
Family ID: |
45593224 |
Appl. No.: |
13/199115 |
Filed: |
August 19, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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61401824 |
Aug 19, 2010 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/454 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 9/0053 20130101;
A23G 1/42 20130101; A61P 25/22 20180101; A61P 25/00 20180101; A61K
31/35 20130101; A61P 25/18 20180101; A61K 9/06 20130101; B65D
75/367 20130101; A61P 29/00 20180101; B65D 2575/367 20130101; A23L
33/105 20160801; B65D 73/0092 20130101; A61P 37/06 20180101; A61P
35/00 20180101; A61P 25/04 20180101; A23G 1/48 20130101; A61K
31/352 20130101; A61K 31/352 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/454 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/352 20060101
A61K031/352; A61P 25/00 20060101 A61P025/00 |
Claims
1. The process of mixing of a medicinal cannabis intermediate
product with a known weight of cannabinoids into ingredients of one
or more baked goods, hard candies, ice cream base, ice cream, or
yogurt at temperatures that do not exceed the vaporization
temperature of tetrahydrocannabinol producing one or more baked
goods, hard candies, ice cream base, ice cream or yogurt with a
known concentration of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of said
one or more baked goods, hard candies, ice cream base, ice cream or
yogurt.
2. The process of claim 1 further comprising mixing of at least a
second medicinal cannabis intermediate product with a known weight
of cannabinoids into said ingredients of said one or more baked
goods, hard candies, ice cream base, ice cream, or yogurt at
temperatures that do not exceed the vaporization temperature of
tetrahydrocannabinol producing one or more baked goods, hard
candies, ice cream base, ice cream or yogurt with an adjusted known
concentration of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of said one or
more baked goods, hard candies, ice cream base, ice cream or
yogurt.
3. A product comprising one or more baked goods with a known
concentration of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of said one or
more baked goods.
4. A product comprising one or more hard candies with a known
concentration of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of said one or
more hard candies.
5. A product comprising one or more ice cream base, ice cream, or
yogurt with a known concentration of medicinal cannabis per unit
volume of said ice cream base, ice cream, or yogurt.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims benefit of Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/401,824 with a filing date of Aug. 19, 2010
Medicinal Cannabis in a Fatty Foodstuff, and patent application
Ser. No. 13/065,980 filing date April 4/ Medicinal Cannabis Fatty
Foodstuff in a Package Mold.
FEDERAL SUPPORT STATEMENT
[0002] Not Applicable
SEQUENCE LISTING
[0003] Not Applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Raw cannabis contains tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid
(THC-COOH); this substance is also referred to as THC acid,
.DELTA.9-THC acid, THCA-A, or THCA.
[0005] The article that appears in the Journal of Chromatography
"Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for
the qualitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis
plant material" reference [1], see section 1.1; this article
reports that THC-B is another form of THC acid that appears only in
trace amounts in raw cannabis. This article also reports other
substances in raw cannabis, including cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and
cannabigerolic acid (CBGA); a substance cannabinol (CBN) is also
reported present in aged cannabis.
[0006] THC acid may be converted into the psychoactive substance
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), also known as (.DELTA..sup.9-THC)
through processes that decarboxylate the THC acid. Decarboxylation
is a chemical reaction that converts an acid to a phenol and
releases carbon-dioxide (CO2); a carbon atom is removed from a
carbon chain.
[0007] Reference [1] also discusses and shows the decarboxylation
of THC acid into .DELTA..sup.9-THC, the decarboxylation of
cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) into cannibidiol (CBD), and the
decarboxylation of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) into cannabigerol
(CBG). Decarboxylation occurs when cannabis is exposed to heat,
light, cofactors or solvents.
[0008] Historical and anecdotal reports of the medicinal use of
cannabis date back for millennia, in recent decades the
psychoactive ingredient .DELTA.9-THC has been extracted through a
verity of processes; to date processes that decarboxylate of THCA-A
into psychoactive .DELTA..sup.9-THC in controlled ways use toxic
solvents; frequently a distillation process such as fractal
distillation is then used to separate the toxic or flammable
solvents from the active ingredient after decarboxylation.
[0009] THCA-A decarboxylated into .DELTA..sup.9-THC in controlled
ways using toxic or flammable solvents:
[0010] Related U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,365,416 B1 [2], 6,730,519 [3]; and
patent publication US 2002/0039795 A1 [4] by Elsohly et. al.
isolates .DELTA..sup.9-THC from cannabis base material using toxic
non-polar organic solvents such as hexane, heptane, or iso-octane.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,730,519 [3] was sponsored by a National Institute
for Drug Abuse, Small Business Innovative Research grant; Related
U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,365,416 [2] and 6,730,519 [3] in their Background
of the Invention section provide excellent details regarding the
medical use of .DELTA..sup.9-THC. the inventors conclude that
extracting .DELTA..sup.9-THC from raw cannabis material is more
cost effective than synthetically created FDA approved medicinal
THC, and they reference prior art dating from 1942 through 1972
that relate to THC extraction or analysis of hashish and "red oil";
the processes referenced frequently use toxic or flammable elements
such as carbon tetrachloride, benzene, N-dimethyl
formamide/cyclohexane, or hexane.
[0011] U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,524,881 B2 [5], and 7,592,468 B2[6] Goodwin
et. Al. discloses processes that extract .DELTA..sup.9-THC from raw
cannabis; this process converts THC acid into salt using non-polar
solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane, or octane; again toxic
or flammable solvents are used.
[0012] GW pharmaceuticals of Great Britain has created a vaporized
form of medicinal .DELTA..sup.9-THC called Savitex.
[0013] Savitex is administered with an inhaler, similar to an
inhaler used to administer asthma medication. Information regarding
the therapeutic use and mechanisms of action of Savitex can be
found on GW pharmaceuticals website. Savitex is currently being
studied for affectivity by patients with multiple sclerosis, cancer
pain, and neuropathic pain.
[0014] GW pharmaceutical reports that the human body has receptors
to frequently called CB1 and CB2 and that .DELTA.9-THC bonds to CB1
(cannabinoid type 1) receptors located in the human brain, where
cannabidiol bonds to CB2 (cannabinoid type 2) receptors located in
the human lymphatic system. The URLs below link to reports on GW
Pharmaceuticals website, they describe that Savitex is being used
medicinally and describe some of the mechanisms of action of
medicinal cannabis; these reports have also been combined into
reference [7]:
[0015] http://www.qwpharm.com/multiple-sclerosis.aspx
[0016] http://www.gwpharm.com/cancer-pain.aspx
[0017] http://www.gwpharm.com/neuropathic-pain.aspx
[0018] http://www.gwpharm.com/mechansims-action.aspx
[0019] The science related to how these various substances affects
the human body is in its infancy, even so GW pharmaceuticals of
Great Britain reports that the human body has receptors CB1 and CB2
to which .DELTA..sup.9-THC and CBD (cannabidiol) bond respectively.
They also report that the human body has CB1 receptors
predominately located in the human brain, and CB2 receptors located
predominantly in the human lymphatic system.
[0020] Most reports indicate that psychoactive substance
.DELTA..sup.9-THC is the primary active medicinal substance derived
from cannabis; other substances contained within cannabis may
however also have medicinal qualities. Some researchers suspect
that cannabidiol (CBD) may mitigate pain; more scientific research
is needed to understand how the various substances derived from
cannabis affect the human body. GW Pharmaceuticals also state in
their Mechanisms of Action "The combination of THC, CBD and
essential oils in cannabis-based medicinal extracts may produce a
therapeutic preparation whose benefits are greater than the sum of
its parts".
[0021] Reference [8] "Effects of canabidiol on schizophrenia-like
symptoms in people who use cannabis"; from The British Journal of
Psychiatry (2008) reports that .DELTA..sup.9-THC tends to "elevate
levels of anxiety and psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals. In
contrast, cannabidiol (CBD), another major constituent of some
strains of cannabis, has been found to be anxiolytic and to have
antipsychotic properties, and may be neuroprotective in
humans".
[0022] A key finding of this study [8]: "The TCH only group showed
higher levels of positive schizophrenia-like symptoms compared with
the no cannabinoid and the TCH+CBD groups . . . . This provides
evidence of the divergent properties of cannabinoids and has
important implications for research into the link between cannabis
use and psychosis".
[0023] Reference [9] Therapeutic Potential of Non-Psychotropic
Cannabidiol in Ischemic Stroke; Hayakawa, Mishima, & Fujiwara;
Dept. of Neuopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Fukuoka University, Published Jul. 8, 2010. .DELTA..sup.9-THC. This
reference reviews various substances found within cannabis, it
states in its introduction that "Cannabis contains over 60
different terpeno-phenol compounds that have been identified so far
but the role and importance of many of these has yet to be fully
understood".
[0024] Reference [9] also states "cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol
(CBG), cannabidvarin (CBDV) are known as non-psychoactive
components of cannabis. These compounds have shown
ant-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, analgesic, anxiolytic and
anti-cancer effects". This reference also discusses the
neuroprotective abilities of CBD in stroke victims.
[0025] The above mentioned references [7]. [8], and [9] demonstrate
that .DELTA..sup.9-THC is not the only substance contained within
medicinal cannabis with therapeutic benefits to people. All of
these references recommend additional study or mention that the
effect of the substances contained within cannabis on humans is not
fully understood. Variations of ratios of substances contained
within medicinal cannabis are reported to have different effects;
as in reference [8], adjusting the ratio .DELTA..sup.9-THC to CBD
is shown to be critical in limiting anxiety and psychotic symptoms
associated with the intake of high concentrations of
.DELTA..sup.9-THC as compared to CBD. New substances and
therapeutic uses of substances derived from cannabis are likely to
be discovered as research in this field continues.
[0026] Reference [10] "Isolation of .DELTA..sup.9-THCA-A from hemp
and analytical aspects concerning the determination of
.DELTA..sup.9-THC in cannabis products"; Dussy, et al. Institute of
Legal Medicine, Basel Switzerland, available online Aug. 18, 2004.
This reference quantifies the amount of THC acid (THCA-A) that is
converted into .DELTA..sup.9-THC when cannabis is smoked under
various conditions: Section 2 reviews cannabis reduced into a
concentrated THC acid (THCA-A) solution using solvents. Samples of
the concentrate are then decarboxylated at various temperatures in
a Gas Chromatography (GC) oven; some samples are then analyzed
using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This
disclosure discusses how various substances within medicinal
cannabis may be transformed at different temperatures: [0027]
Partial decarboxylation of concentrated THCA-A in solution into
.DELTA..sup.9-THC at 120 degrees C. [0028] Significant
decarboxylation of concentrated THCA-A in solution into
.DELTA..sup.9-THC at 140 degrees C. [0029] Nearly complete
decarboxylation of concentrated THCA-A in solution into
.DELTA..sup.9-THC at 160 degrees C. along with some degradation of
.DELTA..sup.9-THC into cannabinol and dihydrocannabinol at 160
degrees C. [0030] A significant percentage of .DELTA..sup.9-THC
being degraded into cannabinol and dihydrocannabinol at 180 degrees
C.
[0031] The decarboxylation of concentrated THCA-A in solution into
.DELTA..sup.9-THC, and the degradation of .DELTA..sup.9-THC into
cannabinol and dihydrocannabinol are shown to vary with
temperature. Temperature controls are therefore one mechanism for
controlling ratios of certain substances in medicinal cannabis.
[0032] Concentration ratios of THC acid (THCA-A) to cannabidiolic
acid (CBDA) vary with the types cannabis selected; THCA-A
decarboxylates into .DELTA..sup.9-THC, and CBDA decarboxylates into
CBD.
[0033] Reference [11] is an example of cannabis related material
available to the general public Wikipedia under "Cannabiniod" in
August 2010. Many of the same substances discussed in previous
references are also reviewed in reference [11].
[0034] Reference [12] Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts: Greater Than
the sum of Their Parts?, by John M. McPartland and Ethan B. Russo;
2001 The Haworth Press, Inc. this reference reports the boiling
temperature of cannabis related substances, the boiling
temperatures reported include: .DELTA.9-THC 157 degrees C.,
cannabidiol (CBD) 160-180 degrees C., cannabinol (CBN) 185 degrees
C., and .DELTA.8-THC 175-178 degrees C.
[0035] Reference [13] U.S. Pat. No. 7,674,922 "Process for
Production of Delta-9-Tetrandrocannabinol", Burdick et al. Granted
Mar. 9, 2010. This reference produces .DELTA.9-THC using
"ortanoaluminum-based Lewis acid catalyst", a metallic based
catalyst.
[0036] Reference [14] a drawing from www.Cannabis-Science.com
showing chemical structures in cannabis related materials. The
drawing is entitled "Cannabinoids"; the drawing shows an important
aspect of cannabinoid science, Cannabidiol (CBD) can be converted
into .DELTA.9-THC. The chemical structures are very similar, they
have the same molecular weight and the same chemical formula.
Reference [15] patent application publication US 2008/0221339 by
Webster et al. published Sep. 11, 2008 discusses the conversion of
Cannabidiol (CBD) to .DELTA.9-THC and .DELTA.8-THC are discussed
in; various toxic or flammable solvents are used in these
processes; one cannabis related substance is converted another
through a chemical process.
[0037] Reference [16] Hemp Husbandry, an excerpt from Chapter 6
Cannabinoid Chemistry: Robert A. Nelson, Copyright 2000; another
excellent review of the chemistry of cannabis
[0038] Uncontrolled Crude Processes:
[0039] Other processes have been used to extract .DELTA.9-THC from
raw cannabis in uncontrolled ways, some of these processes use
toxic materials and others do not; frequently such processes
attempt to produce a final product in a single uncontrolled crude
step. Examples of such processes include the use of butane, a toxic
solvent, to make the cannabis "red oil" commonly called hash oil. A
method found on the internet reference [17] "How To Make Hash Oil
from Marijuana" reviews the use of butane, here raw cannabis is
saturated in butane, the butane reduces the raw cannabis into an
oil that is separated from the plant material, the butane
evaporates continuously during the process of reduction; a paper
filter is used to separate the oil from plant material. The author
also recommends a secondary process of mixing the oil with
isopropyl alcohol, then evaporating the isopropyl alcohol overnight
by letting it sit. The author of this reference believes that the
isopropyl alcohol reduces the photosensitivity of THC contained
within the oil. The process disclosed has no scientific controls,
and shows disregard for laws relating to treating cannabis as a
controlled substance or preparation of food products. The
disclosure is provided as an example of uncontrolled methods that
are available to the public.
[0040] In contrast, uncontrolled crude processes that use no toxic
chemicals include simply baking cannabis into cookies or bread, or
making a tea by steeping cannabis in hot water. Cannabis infused
dairy butter can be made by melting dairy butter in a pot, adding
raw cannabis and cooking the mixture for a period of time, up to 24
hours.
[0041] Hashish may be made without the use of toxic chemicals, "How
to Made Wicked Hash" by Lisa Scammel and Bianca Sind [17] reviews
various methods for separating THC acid infused trichomes from
cannabis plant materials, forming it into blocks that are then
covered in paper, and then heated in fry pan until the blocks melt;
the processes reviewed are uncontrolled, and have no scientific
controls, they include: "Flat Screening", "Drum Machines", "the
blender method", and "ice-water filtration" methods are reviewed.
This reference is also provided as another example of uncontrolled
crude methods that are available to the public. This disclosure
also shows some disdain for laws relating to cannabis as a
controlled substance.
[0042] Smoking, in the form of a cigarette or pipe, is the most
frequently used uncontrolled process for decarboxylating
cannabis.
[0043] The processes discussed above that rely on temperature
simply use temperature yet do not control temperature; if the
temperature is too low decarboxylation will be incomplete, if
temperatures are too high decarboxylated substances within cannabis
will be lost to evaporation. Temperature control is therefore
characteristic of a process that relies on temperature to
decarboxylate. This is why the "uncontrolled" processes reviewed
above that rely on temperature are truly uncontrolled.
[0044] Processes discussed above that use toxic or flammable
solvents in "uncontrolled" ways rely on saturating available
cannabis with the toxic or flammable solvent then filtering oil
from plant parts.
[0045] The process sprays a solvent through a tube filled with a
volume of cannabis as described in reference [18] implies that more
or less solvent will be required will be required to remove all of
the trichombes from available cannabis; even small variables, such
as how the cannabis is prepared will affect the efficiency of the
solvent's ability to reduce the cannabis uniformly.
[0046] For example as the raw cannabis material density varies per
unit length of the tube, the solvent's efficiency of reducing
cannabis will vary because butane evaporates very quickly; the
process simply is not capable of controlling how much solvent
contacts a given volume of cannabis before it evaporates; thus the
process is uncontrolled in at least this one way.
[0047] Reference [19] Patent Application Publication US
2008/0241339, "Hemp Food Product Base and Processes", by Mitchell
et al. Publication Date Oct. 2, 2008. The reference heats hemp
seeds in water and then mills or grinds the seeds, the seeds are
then added into soups, beverages, and foods; the seeds are reported
to have no .DELTA..sup.9-THC or medicinal cannabis.
[0048] Recently, with the legalization of medical cannabis in 14
states, various edible cannabis products have become available;
such products include cookies, biscuits, cooking oil, and dairy
butter. These products are made without scientific controls by
small producers because pharmaceutical companies do not produce
edible cannabis products. Products like cookies or biscuits are
eaten as is; products like cooling oil or dairy butter are usually
added or cooked into other foods. Each one of these individual
edible products have limitations the most significant one is
uncontrolled dosage, cookies or biscuits contain cannabis fiber
that often makes them green in color, and dairy products such as
dairy butter spoil at room temperature.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0049] Provisional Patent application 61/401,824 filing date Aug.
19, 2010 Medicinal Cannabis in a Fatty Foodstuff and Utility patent
application Ser. No. 13/065,980 filing date Apr. 4, 2011 Medicinal
Cannabis Fatty Foodstuff in a Package Mold are hereby incorporated
by reference into this specification.
[0050] The invention is a product and a process wherein
cannabinoids such as Medicinal .DELTA..sup.9-THC and/or other
substances associated with medicinal cannabis, including yet not
necessarily limited to cannbidiols, cannabigerol are contained or
processed into foodstuffs or medicinal compounds in controlled ways
and with specific characteristics. First a medicinal substance with
a known about of medicinal cannabis is mixed into a foodstuff such
that the medicinal cannabis is distributed uniformly in the
foodstuff. Foodstuffs consistent with this invention include baked
goods, hard candies, ice cream, bases, ice cream, and yogurt. The
product is characterized by a controlled amount of cannabinoids per
unit volume of the foodstuff. Another provision of the invention is
providing controlled amounts or ratios of .DELTA..sup.9-THC as
compared to CBD in a foodstuff.
[0051] An intermediate product containing medicinal cannabis,
typically an extract containing cannabinoids in a known
concentration in a known volume is mixed into a known volume of a
foodstuff.
[0052] The intermediate product, an extract has a known
concentration of .DELTA..sup.9-THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids are
known because a sample of it is measured at a scientific laboratory
prior to incorporation into a food or it is produced by a process
that guarantees a known concentration of medicinal cannabis per
unit volume. Related provisional patent application No. 61/401,824
describes how such an intermediate product may be made through
controlled decarboxylation. Such a process using a cannabis variety
with known cannabinoid ratios would produce an extract with known
rations. One gram of an intermediate product or extract that is 45%
.DELTA..sup.9-THC and 10% CBD would contain 45 milligrams of
.DELTA..sup.9-THC and 10 milligrams of CBD.
[0053] In one embodiment of the invention the recipe for making a
baked good is modified in two ways first of all an intermediate
product or extract containing a known amount of medicinal cannabis
is mixed with one or more ingredients of a baked good, and then
subsequently mixed with other ingredients of the baked good before
baking. The second way that recipes for making baked goods are
modified is by limiting the baking temperature to a temperature
less than the vaporization temperature of medicinal cannabis. Since
.DELTA..sup.9-THC begins to vaporize at 157 degrees C. or 315
degrees F., the baked goods should not be baked at a temperature
that exceeds 315 degrees F.
[0054] In a second embodiment of the invention an extract with a
known amount of medicinal cannabis is incorporated into a hard
candy with a known amount of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of
the hard candy. Here again modifications of the process for making
a food guarantee that a known amount of medicinal cannabis per unit
volume of the food. In this instance an intermediate product or
extract is incorporated into candy when it is in a molten state and
mixed thoroughly. Care must be taken to keep the temperature of the
candy below 157 degrees C. or 315 degrees F. to prevent
vaporization of the medicinal cannabis.
[0055] A third embodiment of the invention relates to incorporating
medicinal cannabis into an ice cream base, an ice cream or yogurt.
Here again an intermediate product or extract is uniformly blended
into an ingredient for a food yielding a known concentration per
unit volume of the food.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0056] Provisional Patent application 61/401,824 filing date Aug.
19, 2010 Medicinal Cannabis in a Fatty Foodstuff and Utility patent
application Ser. No. 13/065,980 filing date Apr. 4, 2011 Medicinal
Cannabis Fatty Foodstuff in a Package Mold are hereby incorporated
by reference into this specification.
[0057] The invention is a product and a process wherein
cannabinoids such as Medicinal .DELTA.9-THC and/or other substances
associated with medicinal cannabis, including yet not necessarily
limited to cannbidiols, cannabigerol are contained or processed
into foodstuffs or medicinal compounds in controlled ways and with
specific characteristics. First a medicinal substance with a known
about of medicinal cannabis is mixed into a foodstuff such that the
medicinal cannabis is distributed uniformly in the foodstuff.
Foodstuffs consistent with this invention include baked goods, hard
candies, ice cream, bases, ice cream, and yogurt. The product is
characterized by a controlled amount of cannabinoids per unit
volume of the foodstuff. Another provision of the invention is
providing controlled amounts or ratios of .DELTA..sup.9-THC as
compared to CBD in a foodstuff.
[0058] An intermediate product containing medicinal cannabis,
typically an extract containing cannabinoids in a known
concentration in a known volume is mixed into a known volume of a
foodstuff.
[0059] The intermediate product, an extract has a known
concentration of .DELTA..sup.9-THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids are
known because a sample of it is measured at a scientific laboratory
prior to incorporation into a food or it is produced by a process
that guarantees a known concentration of medicinal cannabis per
unit volume. Related provisional patent application No. 61/401,824
describes how such an intermediate product may be made through
controlled decarboxylation using a cannabis variety with known
cannabinoid ratios. One gram of an intermediate product or extract
that is 45% .DELTA..sup.9-THC and 10% CBD would contain 45
milligrams of .DELTA..sup.9-THC and 10 milligrams of CBD.
[0060] In one embodiment of the invention the recipe for making a
baked good is modified in two ways first of all an intermediate
product or extract containing a known amount of medicinal cannabis
is mixed with one or more ingredients of a baked good, and then
subsequently mixed with other ingredients of the baked good before
baking. The second way that recipes for making baked goods are
modified is by limiting the baking temperature to a temperature
less than the vaporization temperature of medicinal cannabis. Since
.DELTA..sup.9-THC begins to vaporize at 157 degrees C. or 315
degrees F., the baked goods should not be baked at a temperature
that exceeds 315 degrees F.
[0061] Examples of how baked good recipes may be modified such that
a baked good with a known amount of medicinal cannabis per unit
volume of the baked good is created are shown below. In each
example first an original recipe is shown, followed by a modified
recipe where a known amount of medicinal cannabis is combined with
a known volume of total other ingredients producing a food with a
known concentration of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of the
food. Baked goods include cookies, cakes, pies, and pastries.
Original Rum Cake Ingredients:
[0062] 1 cup chopped walnuts; 1 (18.25 ounce) package yellow cake
mix; 1 (3.4 ounce) package instant vanilla pudding mix; 4 eggs; 1/2
cup water; 1/2 cup vegetable oil; 1/2 cup dark rum; 1/2 cup butter;
1/4 cup water; 1 cup white sugar; 1/2 cup dark rum
Original Rum Cake Directions:
[0062] [0063] 1. Preheat oven to 325 degrees F. (165 degrees C.).
Grease and flour a 10 inch Bundt pan. Sprinkle chopped nuts evenly
over the bottom of the pan. [0064] 2. In a large bowl, combine cake
mix and pudding mix. Mix in the eggs, 1/2 cup water, oil and 1/2
cup rum. Blend well. Pour batter over chopped nuts in the pan.
[0065] 3. Bake in the preheated oven for 60 minutes, or until a
toothpick inserted into the cake comes out clean. Let sit for 10
minutes in the pan, and then turn out onto serving plate. Brush
glaze over top and sides. Allow cake to absorb glaze and repeat
until all glaze is used. [0066] 4. To make the glaze: in a
saucepan, combine butter, 1/4 cup water and 1 cup sugar. Bring to a
boil over medium heat and continue to boil for 5 minutes, stirring
constantly. Remove from heat and stir in 1/2 cup rum.
Modified Rum Cake Ingredients:
[0066] [0067] 1 cup chopped walnuts; 1 (18.25 ounce) package yellow
cake mix; 1 (3.4 ounce) package instant vanilla pudding mix; 4
eggs; 1/2 cup water; 1/2 cup vegetable oil; 1/2 cup dark rum; 1/2
cup butter; 1/4 cup water; 1 cup white sugar; 1/2 cup dark rum; a
known amount of medicinal cannabis with a known weight
cannabinoids.
Modified Rum Cake Directions:
[0067] [0068] 1. Preheat oven to no hotter than 315 degrees F. (157
degrees C.). Grease and flour a 10 inch Bundt pan. Sprinkle chopped
nuts evenly over the bottom of the pan. [0069] 2. In a large bowl,
combine an intermediate product or extract containing a known
amount of medicinal cannabis with oil, blend well, then add eggs
and blend well. [0070] 3. Add Cake mix and pudding mix, 1/2 cup
water, and 1/2 cup rum. Blend well. Pour batter over chopped nuts
in the pan. [0071] 4. Bake in the preheated oven for 70 minutes, or
until a toothpick inserted into the cake comes out clean. Let sit
for 10 minutes in the pan, and then turn out onto serving plate.
Brush glaze over top and sides. Allow cake to absorb glaze and
repeat until all glaze is used. [0072] 5. To make the glaze: in a
saucepan, combine butter, 1/4 cup water and 1 cup sugar. Bring to a
boil over medium heat and continue to boil for 5 minutes, stirring
constantly. Remove from heat and stir in 1/2 cup rum.
[0073] In the example above the baking temperature of the original
recipe has been reduced to a temperature not to exceed 315 degrees
F. (157 degrees C.), a known amount of medicinal cannabis has been
mixed with oil, then eggs, and then mixed with other ingredients of
the cake and poured into a pan and cooked. Once cooked the cake has
a known amount of cannabis per unit volume of the cake.
[0074] Below is an example of modifying the recipe for soft oatmeal
cookies to make oatmeal cookies with a known amount of medicinal
cannabis per unit volume of the cookie
Original Oatmeal Cookie Ingredients:
[0075] 1 cup butter, softened; 1 cup white sugar; 1 cup packed
brown sugar; 2 eggs; 1 teaspoon vanilla extract; 2 cups all-purpose
flour; 1 teaspoon baking soda; 1 teaspoon salt; 11/2 teaspoons
ground cinnamon; 3 cups quick cooking oats.
Original Oatmeal Cookie Directions:
[0075] [0076] 1. In a medium bowl, cream together butter, white
sugar, and brown sugar. Beat in eggs one at a time, and then stir
in vanilla. Combine flour, baking soda, salt, and cinnamon; stir
into the creamed mixture. Mix in oats. Cover, and chill dough for
at least one hour. [0077] 2. Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F.
(190 degrees C.). Grease cookie sheets. Roll the dough into walnut
sized balls, and place 2 inches apart on cookie sheets. Flatten
each cookie with a large fork dipped in sugar. [0078] 3. Bake for 8
to 10 minutes in preheated oven. Allow cookies to cool on baking
sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool
completely.
Modified Oatmeal Cookie Ingredients:
[0078] [0079] 1 cup butter, softened; 1 cup white sugar; 1 cup
packed brown sugar; 2 eggs; 1 teaspoon vanilla extract; 2 cups
all-purpose flour; 1 teaspoon baking soda; 1 teaspoon salt; 11/2
teaspoons ground cinnamon; 3 cups quick cooking oats; a known
amount of medicinal cannabis with a known weight cannabinoids.
Modified Oatmeal Cookie Directions:
[0079] [0080] 1. In a medium bowl, cream together butter, with an
intermediate product containing a known amount of medicinal
cannabis, then add white sugar and brown sugar; mix well. Beat in
eggs one at a time, then stir in vanilla. Combine flour, baking
soda, salt, and cinnamon; stir into the creamed mixture. Mix in
oats. Cover, and chill dough for at least one hour. [0081] 2.
Preheat the oven to no hotter than 315 degrees F. (157 degrees C.).
Grease cookie sheets. Roll the dough onto a sheet and flatten with
a spatula dipped in sugar sheet with uniform thickness and then cut
out a plurality of cookies of identical size, and then place 2
inches apart on cookie sheets. [0082] 3. Bake for 12 to 15 minutes
in preheated oven. Allow cookies to cool on baking sheet for 5
minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.
[0083] Immediately above is a second example of making a baked good
with a known amount of medicinal cannabis per unit volume. Here
again baking temperatures have been reduced, baking time increased,
and a known amount of medicinal cannabis has been added to the
recipe providing a baked good with a known amount of medicinal
cannabis per unit volume of the baked good.
[0084] The preferred intermediate product is an oily cannabis
extract that is mixed with an oil or fat prior to mixing with other
ingredients; the invention is not limited to the use of an oily
cannabis extract and is not limited to first mixing it with oil or
fat. In some instances the intermediate product with a known amount
of medicinal cannabis is heated before it is mixed into the recipe,
as heating certain intermediate products causes them to flow like
liquid water. An ideal temperature to warm oily intermediate
products is 90 degrees F.
[0085] In a second embodiment of the invention an extract with a
known amount of medicinal cannabis is incorporated into a hard
candy with a known amount of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of
the hard candy. Here again modifications of the process for making
a food guarantee that a known amount of medicinal cannabis per unit
volume of the food. In this instance an intermediate product or
extract is incorporated into candy when it is in a molten state and
mixed thoroughly. Care must be taken to keep the temperature of the
candy below 157 degrees C. or 315 degrees F. to prevent
vaporization of the medicinal cannabis.
[0086] An example of making hard candy by modifying an existing
recipe is shown below, first the original ingredients and
directions are shown, and then modified ingredients and directions
are shown.
Original Hard Candy Ingredients:
[0087] 33/4 cups white sugar; 11/2 cups light corn syrup; 1 cup
water; 1 tablespoon orange, or other flavored extract; 1/2 teaspoon
food coloring (optional); 1/4 cup confectioners' sugar for
dusting.
Original Hard Candy Directions:
[0087] [0088] 1. In a medium saucepan, stir together the white
sugar, corn syrup, and water. Cook, stirring, over medium heat
until sugar dissolves, then bring to a boil. Without stirring, heat
to 300 to 310 degrees F. (149 to 154 degrees C.), or until a small
amount of syrup dropped into cold water forms hard, brittle
threads. [0089] 2. Remove from heat and stir in flavored extract
and food coloring, if desired. Pour onto a greased cookie sheet,
and dust the top with confectioners' sugar. Let cool, and break
into pieces. Store in an airtight container.
Modified Hard Candy Ingredients:
[0089] [0090] 33/4 cups white sugar; 11/2 cups light corn syrup; 1
cup water; 1 tablespoon orange, or other flavored extract; 1/2
teaspoon food coloring (optional); 1/4 cup confectioners' sugar for
dusting; a known amount of medicinal cannabis with a known weight
cannabinoids.
Original Hard Candy Directions:
[0090] [0091] 1. In a medium saucepan, stir together the white
sugar, corn syrup, and water. Cook, stirring, over medium heat
until sugar dissolves, then bring to a boil. Without stirring, heat
to 300 to 310 degrees F. (149 to 154 degrees C.), or until a small
amount of syrup dropped into cold water forms hard, brittle
threads. [0092] 2. Check or monitor the temperature of the molten
hard candy and make sure the temperature does not exceed 315
degrees F. (157 degrees C.), and then add an intermediate product
containing a known amount of medicinal cannabis, mix thoroughly.
[0093] 3. Remove from heat and stir in flavored extract and food
coloring, if desired. Pour onto molds of a desired size, and dust
the top with confectioners' sugar. Let cool and then package or
store in an airtight container.
[0094] Then example above shows one embodiment of how a known
amount of medicinal cannabis per unit volume is added into a hard
candy recipe. Once again temperature control and the mixing in of a
known amount of medicinal cannabis are important characteristics of
the invention. The preferred intermediate product containing a
known amount of medical cannabis is a cannabis extract, and may be
an oily cannabis extract.
[0095] A third embodiment of the invention relates to incorporating
medicinal cannabis into an ice cream base, an ice cream, or into
yogurt. Here again an intermediate product or extract is uniformly
blended into an ingredient for a food yielding a known
concentration per unit volume of the food. In this instance the
food requires refrigeration.
[0096] Three examples follow immediately below are examples of how
recipes may be modified to make an ice cream base, ice cream, or
yogurt with a known amount of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of
the food: The first example shows how a recipe for an ice cream
base may be modified to contain a known amount of medicinal
cannabis per unit volume of the ice cream base. The second example
shows how a recipe for peach ice cream may be modified to contain a
known amount of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of the ice
cream. The third example shows how a recipe for making yogurt can
be modified to make a yogurt with a known amount of medicinal
cannabis per unit volume of the yogurt.
Ice Cream Base Example:
Original Ice Cream Base Ingredients:
[0097] 1 cup heavy cream; 3 cups half-and-half cream; 8 egg yolks;
1 cup white sugar; 1/8 teaspoon salt
Original Ice Cream Base Directions:
[0097] [0098] 1. Pour the heavy cream and half-and-half cream into
a heavy saucepan, place over medium-low heat, and heat until barely
simmering, stirring frequently. Turn the heat down to low. [0099]
2. Whisk together the egg yolks, sugar, and salt in a large bowl
until thoroughly combined. [0100] 3. Slowly pour about 1/2 cup of
hot cream mixture into the egg yolk mixture, whisking constantly.
Repeat three times more, whisking thoroughly before adding each
additional 1/2 cup of hot cream to the egg yolk mixture. Pour the
egg yolk mixture back into the saucepan with the remaining hot
cream, and whisk constantly over medium-low heat until the mixture
thickens and will coat the back of a spoon, 5 to 8 minutes. Do not
let mixture boil. [0101] 4. Pour the ice cream base into a bowl and
allow to cool for about 20 minutes; place in refrigerator and chill
overnight. The next day, pour into an ice cream maker, and freeze
according to the manufacturer's directions. Remove the ice cream,
pack into a covered container, and freeze for 2 hours or overnight
before serving.
Modified Ice Cream Base Ingredients:
[0101] [0102] 1 cup heavy cream; 3 cups half-and-half cream; 8 egg
yolks; 1 cup white sugar; 1/8 teaspoon salt; a known amount of
medicinal cannabis with a known weight cannabinoids.
Modified Ice Cream Base Directions:
[0102] [0103] 1. Pour the heavy cream and half-and-half cream into
a heavy saucepan, place over medium-low heat, and heat until barely
simmering, stirring frequently. Turn the heat down to low. [0104]
2. Check the temperature of the heavy cream, when below 315 degrees
F. (157 degrees C.) add a known amount of medicinal cannabis to the
pan of heavy cream and mix thoroughly. [0105] 3. Whisk together the
egg yolks, sugar, and salt in a large bowl until thoroughly
combined. [0106] 4. Slowly pour about 1/2 cup of hot cream mixture
into the egg yolk mixture, whisking constantly. Repeat three times
more, whisking thoroughly before adding each additional 1/2 cup of
hot cream to the egg yolk mixture. Pour the egg yolk mixture back
into the saucepan with the remaining hot cream, and whisk
constantly over medium-low heat until the mixture thickens and will
coat the back of a spoon, 5 to 8 minutes. Do not let mixture boil.
Monitor the temperature do not let the temperature exceed 315
degrees F. (157 degrees C.). [0107] 5. Pour the ice cream base into
a bowl and allow to cool for about 20 minutes; place in
refrigerator and chill overnight. The next day, pour into an ice
cream maker, and freeze according to the manufacturer's directions.
Remove the ice cream, pack into a covered container, and freeze for
2 hours or overnight before serving.
Peach Ice Cream Example:
Original Peach Ice Cream Ingredients:
[0107] [0108] 6 eggs, beaten; 31/2 cups white sugar; 10 fresh
peaches, pitted and chopped; 4 cups heavy cream; 2 cups
half-and-half cream; 2 teaspoons vanilla extract; 3/4 teaspoon
salt.
Original Peach Ice Cream Directions:
[0108] [0109] 1. In large bowl, mix together eggs and sugar until
smooth; puree peaches in blender or food processor and stir 5 cups
of puree into egg mixture. Stir in cream, half-and-half, vanilla
and salt and mix well. [0110] 2. Pour mixture into freezer canister
of ice cream maker and freeze according to manufacturer's
instructions.
Modified Peach Ice Cream Ingredients:
[0110] [0111] 6 eggs, beaten; 31/2 cups white sugar; 10 fresh
peaches, pitted and chopped; 4 cups heavy cream; 2 cups
half-and-half cream; 2 teaspoons vanilla extract; 3/4 teaspoon
salt; a known amount of medicinal cannabis with a known weight
cannabinoids.
Modified Peach Ice Cream Directions:
[0111] [0112] 1. In large bowl, mix together eggs and sugar until
smooth; puree peaches in blender or food processor and stir 5 cups
of puree into egg mixture. [0113] 2. In another bowl mix cream,
Stir in cream, half-and-half, a known amount of medicinal cannabis,
vanilla and salt and mix well. [0114] 3. Combine and mix the
contents of the two bowls. [0115] 4. Pour mixture into freezer
canister of ice cream maker and freeze according to manufacturer's
instructions.
Yogurt Example:
Original Yogurt Ingredients:
[0115] [0116] 4 cups water, divided; 11/2 tablespoons plain yogurt
with active cultures; 13/4 cups dry milk powder
Original Yogurt Directions:
[0116] [0117] 1. Pour 2 cups of water into a sealable 1 quart
container, and stir in the yogurt until dissolved. Whisk in
powdered milk until completely blended. Fill with remaining water,
and stir. Close the lid, and set in a warm place or on a heating
pad for 12 to 15 hours. Refrigerate, until chilled before
serving.
[0118] The three examples immediately above are examples of how
particular recipes for an ice cream base, for ice cream, and for
making yogurt may be modified such that the ice cream base, the ice
cream, or how yogurt contains a known amount of medicinal cannabis
per unit volume of the food.
[0119] The invention is not limited to the precise recipe
modifications shown in any of the examples shown above. They are
examples showing how recipes for various foods, baked goods, hard
candy, ice cream base, ice cream, and yogurt may be modified to
contain a known amount of medicinal cannabis per unit volume of a
food.
[0120] Specific concentrations of various cannabinoids may be
rendered into a specific volume of a foodstuff. For example an
extract containing predominantly tetrahydrocannabinol
(.DELTA..sup.9-THC) may be rendered into a specific volume of a
food producing a medicinal with maximum psychoactive effect. In
another example a mixture of tetrahydrocannabinol
(.DELTA..sup.9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBN) in specific ratios could
be rendered into a fatty foodstuff producing a medicinal with a
balance of psychoactive and body effects.
[0121] Cannabis extracts contain a combination of cannabinoids and
other materials including flavonoids, and waxy plant materials.
Preferred extracts contain about 56% cannabinoids; in this instance
100% of the cannabinoids contained within the extract constitute
56% of the extract. Of that 100% of cannabinoids 33.33% might
consist of tetrahydrocannabinol (.DELTA..sup.9-THC), 33.33% might
contain cannabidiol (CBN), and 33.33% might contain other
cannabinoids. Various combinations of cannabinoids may be contained
within an extract from a certain type of cannabis plant, and
extracts from different cannabis strains may be mixed to produce an
extract with known amounts of cannabinoids per unit volume of the
combined extract. Mixing extracts from known plant strains or
cannabis extracts that have been analyzed in a laboratory provide a
method for controlling the amount of tetrahydrocannabinol
(.DELTA..sup.9-THC), cannabidiol (CBN), and other cannabinoids in
the combined extract.
[0122] Concentrations of cannabinoids contained within the fatty
foodstuff are controlled by knowing the concentration of
cannabinoids in the extract, the volume of the extract, and the
volume of the fatty foodstuff. Ratios of cannabinoids of interest
include yet are not limited to:
[0123] A high percentage of tetrahydrocannabinol
(.DELTA..sup.9-THC) as compared to other cannabinoids, where more
than 80% of cannabinoids in an extract consist of
.DELTA..sup.9-THC.
[0124] A mixture of tetrahydrocannabinol (.DELTA..sup.9-THC), and
cannabidiol (CBN) in desired ratios.
[0125] An equal percentage of tetrahydrocannabinol
(.DELTA..sup.9-THC), and cannabidiol (CBN).
[0126] A mixture of tetrahydrocannabinol (.DELTA..sup.9-THC),
cannabidiol (CBN), and other cannabinoids in desired ratios.
[0127] Two or more extracts from different plant material may be
mixed forming a cannabis extract with an average proportional
concentration of the various cannabinoids per unit volume of
extract. For example if two extracts of the same volume were mixed
where cannabinoids in a first extract consisted of 95% of all
cannabinoids were .DELTA..sup.9-THC and 5% of all cannabinoids were
CBN, and where cannabinoids in the second extract consisted of 35%
.DELTA..sup.9-THC, 35% consisted of CBN, and 30% consisted of other
cannabinoids; the combined extract would contain: (95+35)/2
.DELTA..sup.9-THC; (5+35)/2 CBN; and 30/2 other cannabinoids: or
65% .DELTA..sup.9-THC; 20% CBN; and 15% other cannabinoids.
[0128] Example 2 of mixing extracts:
[0129] Extract 1: Volume 2 fluid oz comprised of 40% flavonoids
& waxy materials: 60% total cannabinoids (95% of total
cannabinoids are .DELTA..sup.9-THC, and 5% of total cannabinoids
are CBN)
[0130] Extract 2: Volume 4 fluid oz, comprised of 40% flavonoids
& waxy materials: 60% total cannabinoids (58% of total
cannabinoids are .DELTA..sup.9-THC, and 42% of total cannabinoids
are CBN)
[0131] Mixed cannabinoid content: Volume 6 fluid oz;
(95*0.33333+58*0.66666) .DELTA..sup.9-THC; (5*0.33333+42*0.66666)
CBN=(31.67+38.67) .DELTA..sup.9-THC; (1.66+28) CBN=70.34%
.DELTA..sup.9-THC; 29.66% CBN.
[0132] Please note that the extracts do not consist of 100%
cannabinoids, in the example above only 60% of the extracts consist
of cannabinoids and 40% of the extracts above consist of flavonoids
and waxy materials. Please also note that the calculations above
have been normalized to a total cannabinoid content of 100%.
[0133] Therefore the total content of the mixed extract in Example
2 are 40% flavonoids and waxy materials; and 60% total cannabinoids
(70.34*0.6) .DELTA..sup.9-THC and (29.66*0.6) CBN=40% flavonoids
and waxy materials; and 42.204% .DELTA..sup.9-THC; 17.795% CBN.
[0134] This means that the 6 fluid ounce mixed extract contains
(6*0.42204) fluid ounces of .DELTA..sup.9-THC; and (6*17.795) fluid
ounces of CBN=2.53 fluid ounces of .DELTA..sup.9-THC; and 1.07
fluid ounces of CBN. Extracts of this nature allow foodstuffs with
crafted amounts of specific cannabinoids in specific proportions to
be fabricated.
[0135] Extracts may be mixed at temperatures less than 315 degrees
F. before incorporation into a food, or they may be mixed with
ingredients of the food when making the food. Extracts may be
warmed before mixing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE MANY VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0136] FIG. 1 shows Basic Cannabinoid Structures:
[0137] THCA-A (THC acid), Decarboxylation is the loss of CO.sub.2
from a molecular structure; when THCA-A decarboxylates the
psychoactive substance .DELTA..sup.9-THC is formed;
.DELTA..sup.9-THC is depicted in FIG. 1.
[0138] CBN (cannabiniol) is also depicted; CBN is formed by
degeneration of .DELTA..sup.9-THC.
[0139] CBDA (cannabidiolic acid) and CBD (cannabidiol) are also
depicted in FIG. 1. When CBDA is decarboxylated CBD is formed.
[0140] Since CBD may be transformed into .DELTA..sup.9-THC, FIG. 1
also depicts that this Transformation relates to a small change in
chemical structure.
[0141] Notes regarding the chemical formula and molecular weight of
depicted cannabinoid structures:
[0142] CBD and .DELTA..sup.9-THC have the identical Chemical
Formula C.sub.21 H.sub.30 O.sub.2; & Molecular Weight
314.5.
[0143] CBDA has a Chemical Formula C.sub.22 H.sub.30 O.sub.4;
Molecular Weight 358.5.
[0144] CBN has a Chemical Formula C.sub.21 H.sub.26 O.sub.2;
Molecular Weight 310.4.
References:
[0145] [1] Journal of Chromatography 8,877 (2009) 4115-4124:
"Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for
the qualitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis
plant material": Benjamin De Backer et al. [0146] [2] U.S. Pat. No.
6,365,416 B1: "Method of Preparing .DELTA.9-THC", Elsohly et al.
publication date Oct. 26, 1998. [0147] [3] U.S. Pat. No. 6,730,519:
"Method of Preparing .DELTA.9-THC", Elsohly et al. publication date
Jul. 4, 2002. [0148] [4] Patent Application Publication US
2002/0039795 A1 "Method of Preparing .DELTA.9-THC", Elsohly et al.
patent date Apr. 2, 2002; filing date Oct. 26, 1998. [0149] [5]
U.S. Pat. No. 7,524,881 B2: "Production of .DELTA.9-THC", Goodwin
et al. patent date Apr. 28, 2009. [0150] [6] U.S. Pat. No.
7,592,468 B2: "Production of .DELTA.9-THC", Goodwin et al. patent
date Sep. 22, 2009. [0151] [7] GW pharmaceuticals of Great Britain
Misc. reports on their website July 2010. [0152] [8] "Effects of
canabidiol on schizophrenia-like symptoms in people who use
cannabis"; from The British Journal of Psychiatry (2008) [0153] [9]
Therapeutic Potential of Non-Psychotropic Cannabidiol in Ischemic
Stroke; Hayakawa, Mishima, & Fujiwara; Dept. of
Neuopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka
University, Published Jul. 8, 2010. .DELTA..sup.9-THC [0154] [10]
"Isolation of .DELTA..sup.9-THCA-A from hemp and analytical aspects
concerning the determination of .DELTA..sup.9-THC in cannabis
products"; Dussy, et al. Institute of Legal Medicine, Basel
Switzerland, available online Aug. 18, 2004. [0155] [11] Wikipedia
"Cannabiniod" webpage, August 2010. [0156] [12] Cannabis and
Cannabis Extracts: Greater Than the sum of Their Parts?, by John M.
McPartland and Ethan B. Russo; 2001 The Haworth Press, Inc. [0157]
[13] U.S. Pat. No. 7,674,922 "Process for Production of
Delta-9-Tetrandrocannabinol", Burdick et al. Granted Mar. 9, 2010
[0158] [14] www.Cannabis-Science.com August 2010, The drawing
entitled "Cannabinoids" [0159] [15] Patent Application Publication
US 2008/0221339 by Webster et al. published Sep. 11, 2008. [0160]
[16] Hemp Husbandry, an excerpt from Chapter 6 Cannabinoid
Chemistry: Robert A. Nelson, Copyright 2000 [0161] [17] "How To
Make Hash oil From Marijuana"; author unknown, found on the
internet July 2010. [0162] [18] "How to Made Wicked Hash" by Lisa
Scammel and Bianca Sind, written Wednesday May 22, 2002; found on
www.cannabisculture.com in July 2010. [0163] [19] Patent
Application Publication US 2008/0241339, "Hemp Food Product Base
and Processes", by Mitchell et al. Publication Date Oct. 2,
2008.
* * * * *
References