U.S. patent application number 13/246010 was filed with the patent office on 2012-03-29 for methods and compositions containing jasmonates or related compounds for promoting biodefense activity in plants.
This patent application is currently assigned to BECKER-UNDERWOOD, INC.. Invention is credited to R.D. Piran Cargeeg, Kurt Seevers.
Application Number | 20120077674 13/246010 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44773171 |
Filed Date | 2012-03-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120077674 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Cargeeg; R.D. Piran ; et
al. |
March 29, 2012 |
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING JASMONATES OR RELATED COMPOUNDS
FOR PROMOTING BIODEFENSE ACTIVITY IN PLANTS
Abstract
This document relates to the use of jasmonate or related
compounds in combination with crop input products (e.g.,
herbicides, pesticides, bioactives or biologicals, seed treatment
components, semiochemicals, and the like) to induce biodefense
activity in plants. Also provided are compositions comprising a
jasmonate or related compound with one or more crop input
product.
Inventors: |
Cargeeg; R.D. Piran;
(Saskatoon, CA) ; Seevers; Kurt; (Elkhorn,
NE) |
Assignee: |
BECKER-UNDERWOOD, INC.
Ames
IA
|
Family ID: |
44773171 |
Appl. No.: |
13/246010 |
Filed: |
September 27, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61387232 |
Sep 28, 2010 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
504/100 ;
504/313 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 37/42 20130101;
A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N 35/06 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 63/00 20130101; A01N
35/06 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N 37/42 20130101; A01N
2300/00 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N
63/10 20200101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N
2300/00 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N
35/06 20130101; A01N 57/20 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N
37/42 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N
37/46 20130101; A01N 37/42 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 37/42 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N
43/36 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N
51/00 20130101; A01N 37/42 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N
43/36 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N
63/10 20200101; A01N 37/42 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N
43/36 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N
63/10 20200101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N 35/06 20130101; A01N
57/20 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 37/42 20130101; A01N
37/46 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N
51/00 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N
37/42 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N
51/00 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N
37/42 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N
51/00 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N
37/42 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N
37/42 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
504/100 ;
504/313 |
International
Class: |
A01N 37/42 20060101
A01N037/42; A01P 21/00 20060101 A01P021/00; A01P 7/04 20060101
A01P007/04; A01N 63/02 20060101 A01N063/02; A01C 1/06 20060101
A01C001/06 |
Claims
1. A composition comprising a jasmonate or related compound and a
crop input product selected from one or more of a fungicide, an
herbicide, an insecticide, a nematicide, a miticide, and a bacillus
bacterium.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the jasmonate or related
compound is a jasmonate.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the jasmonate or related
compound is methyl jasmonate.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the jasmonate or related
compound is cis-jasmone.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises
more than one jasmonate or related compound.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises
more than one crop input product.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the crop input product
comprises a pesticide.
8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the crop input product is a
bacillus bacterium.
9. A method of increasing the effectiveness of a crop input
product, the crop input product being selected from one or more of
a fungicide, an herbicide, an insecticide, a nematicide, a
miticide, and a bacillus bacterium, comprising: a. applying the
crop input product to a plant, a plant propagule, or soil; and b.
applying a jasmonate or related compound to the plant, plant
propagule, or soil in an amount effective to increase the
effectiveness of the crop input product.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the crop input product and the
jasmonate or related compound are applied simultaneously.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the crop input product and the
jasmonate or related compound are applied as a mixture.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the crop input product and the
jasmonate or related compound are applied to a plant.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the crop input product and the
jasmonate or related compound are applied to a seed.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the crop input product and the
jasmonate or related compound are formulated as a seed coating.
15. A method of reducing the volume of a crop input product
effective to achieve a desired activity level of the crop input
product, the crop input product being selected from one or more of
a fungicide, an herbicide, an insecticide, a nematicide, a
miticide, and a bacillus bacterium, comprising combining the crop
input product with an amount of jasmonate or related compound
effective to produce a composition comprising the jasmonate or
related compound and the crop input product having a reduced volume
effective for providing the desired activity of the crop input
product.
16. A method of inducing a biodefense activity in a plant
comprising applying a composition comprising a jasmonate or related
compound and a crop input product to the plant.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said method includes more than
one application.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein said method includes more than
one composition.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein said more than one application
includes application at more than one stage of plant growth.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein said method includes
application to a seed and application post-emergence.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/387,232, filed Sep. 28, 2010, which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This document relates to the use of jasmonates or related
compounds in combination with crop input products (e.g. herbicides,
pesticides, bioactives or biologicals, seed treatment components,
semiochemicals, and the like) to induce biodefense activity in
plants.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Jasmonic acid induces the production of plant defense
proteins, such as proteinase inhibitors, and can promote insect,
pathogen or viral resistance in plants by inducing the expression
of plant defense genes. Jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate, along
with a number of other materials, are also discussed by Karban and
Baldwin in Induced Responses to Herbivory 12-46 (The University of
Chicago Press, Chicago, 1997).
[0004] Another material, cis-jasmone, is a volatile component of
plants and its release can be induced by damage, for example during
feeding on cotton by lepidopterous larvae (Loughrin et al. (1995)
J. Chem. Ecol., 21, 1217-1227). Compositions of cis-jasmone were
found to attract adult Lepidoptera to attracticidal baits and/or
field traps (U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,344). Cis-jasmone was also found
to attract beneficial insects and alter gene expression in plants
(U.S. Pat. No. 6,890,525).
[0005] Pesticides typically (and deliberately) have defined
activity, often with few active ingredients reliant on limited and
highly targeted modes of action. Such reliance provides the
potential for resistance build up against important pests with
globally important pesticidal groups (e.g. neonicotinoids), where
any resistance could quickly place the whole chemical activity
group at risk, and jeopardize sustainability of global food/feed
and plant output (e.g. oil, protein, fiber) production.
SUMMARY
[0006] Provided herein are compositions and methods relating to the
combination of a jasmonate or related compound and one or more crop
input product.
[0007] In some embodiments, a composition comprising a jasmonate or
related compound and a crop input product is provided. The
jasmonate or related compound can be a jasmonate, such as methyl
jasmonate or cis-jasmone. The composition can include more than one
jasmonate or related compound and/or more than one crop input
product. The crop input product can comprise a pesticide, fertility
product, biological or bioactive, seed treatment component,
semiochemical, and/or an adjuvant.
[0008] In some embodiments, a method of increasing the
effectiveness of a crop input product is provided. The method
comprises applying a crop input product to a plant, a plant
propagule, or soil, and applying a jasmonate or related compound to
the plant, plant propagule (e.g., a seed), or soil in an amount
effective to increase the effectiveness of the crop input product.
The crop input product and the jasmonate or related compound can be
applied simultaneously as individual components or as a
pre-formulated or co-formulated mixture. The crop input product and
the jasmonate or related compound can be formulated as a seed
coating.
[0009] A method of reducing the volume of a crop input product
effective to achieve a desired activity level of the crop input
product is also provided. The method comprises combining the crop
input product with an amount of jasmonate or related compound
effective to produce a composition comprising the jasmonate or
related compound and the crop input product having a reduced volume
effective for providing the desired activity of the crop input
product.
[0010] A method of inducing a biodefense activity in a plant is
also provided. The method comprises applying a composition
comprising a jasmonate or related compound and a crop input product
to a plant. The method can include more than one application and/or
more than one composition. The method can include application at
more than one stage of plant growth. In some embodiments, the
method can include application to a seed and application
post-emergence.
[0011] While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other
embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those
skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which
shows and describes illustrative embodiments of the invention.
Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be
regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0012] The various embodiments disclosed herein focus on the
application of a jasmonate or related compound in combination with
one or more crop input product to a plant, a plant propagule (e.g.
seed, tuber, corm, root, or shoot materials), or soil. Provided
herein are compositions comprising a jasmonate or related compound
and a crop input product and methods for using such compositions to
induce biodefense activity in plants. Jasmonates have been reported
to have multifaceted activities. One or a combination of activities
work in concert with the co-applied crop input product to provide
complementation and/or extended activity and alternate modes of
action. For pesticides, this has the potential to reduce
resistance, and thereby preserve usefulness of active chemistries
for extended periods.
[0013] As used herein, a jasmonate is a member of the jasmonate
family of oxylipins. Jasmonate related compounds include compounds
that are precursors to jasmonate production by plants, compounds
that elicit jasmonate production in plants, and compounds that are
jasmonate analogues. Jasmonates and related compounds include,
without limitation, jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonate salts (e.g.,
potassium jasmonate or sodium jasmonate), jasmonic acid methyl
ester (`methyl jasmonate`), jasmonic acid-L-amino acid
(amide-linked) conjugates (e.g., conjugates with L-isoleucine,
L-valine, L-leucine, or L-phenylalanine), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid,
coronatine, coronafacoyl-L-serine, coronafacoyl-L-threonine, methyl
esters of 1-oxo-indanoyl-isoleucine, methyl esters of
1-oxo-indanoyl-leucine, coronalon
(2-[(6-ethyl-1-oxo-indane-4-carbonyl)-amino]-3-methyl-pentanoic
acid methyl ester), linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, or
combinations of any of the above.
[0014] As used herein, a "crop input product" is a product used to
increase plant health, quality, yield, or output of a desired
parameter. Crop input products can be generally categorized into
pesticides, fertility products, biologicals or bioactives, seed
treatment components, semiochemicals, adjuvants, and the like.
Thus, crop input products include, but are not limited to,
fungicides, herbicides (e.g., glyphosphate (e.g. RoundUp.RTM.) and
gluphosinate (e.g. Liberty.RTM. or Basta.RTM.)), insecticides,
nematicides, miticides, macronutrients, micronutrients (e.g., iron,
zinc, molybdenum), Azospirillum, bacilli, nematodes, fungi,
actinomycetes, polymers, colorants/dyes/pigments, lubricants,
pheromones, synomones, (micro)floral-based signaling products,
(micro)faunal based signaling products, and combinations
thereof.
[0015] As used herein, the term "biodefense activity" is used to
describe an activity in a plant that enhances the effectiveness of
a crop input product. For example, a biodefense activity that
enhances the effectiveness of an insecticide can be the production
of an insecticidal toxin by a plant. A biodefense activity may or
may not enhance the effectiveness of a crop input product directly.
In some embodiments, a biodefense activity may enhance the
effectiveness of a crop input product indirectly. For example, a
biodefense activity that enhances the effectiveness of an
insecticide can include an activity that induces complementary
resistance to damage by other pests not controlled by the
insecticide.
[0016] A jasmonate or related compound may be applied with any
combination of one or more crop input product, either as a
composition provided herein or as a separate application. A
jasmonate or related compound can be formulated, for example, as a
liquid formulation with the inclusion of a non-ionic surfactant and
water. A water soluble formulation can be diluted as appropriate
with water. The liquid solution can be then applied directly to the
target area, or can be co-formulated as a composition provided
herein. In some embodiments, a jasmonate or related compound, or a
composition provided herein, can be formulated to be applied as a
gas. In other embodiments, a jasmonate or related compound or a
composition provided herein can be formulated as a seed additive or
coating.
[0017] The compositions provided herein comprise a jasmonate or a
jasmonate related compound in combination with one or more crop
input product. Depending on the desired benefit, the composition
can include a crop input product from one or more category of crop
input products. In some embodiments, a composition provided herein
includes a jasmonate or a jasmonate related compound in combination
with a crop input product from more than one category. For example,
a composition provided herein can contain a jasmonate or jasmonate
related compound in combination with one or more pesticide and one
or more fertility product. In some embodiments, more than one crop
input product is included from a single category. Such an
embodiment can include a jasmonate or jasmonate related compound
combined with a miticide and a fungicide.
[0018] The compositions provided herein can be applied to a plant
or soil by drench or by foliar application, or to a plant propagule
(e.g. seed, tuber, corm, root, or shoot materials) as an additive
prior to, during, or after planting. The application of a
composition provided herein can be determined as appropriate for
the included crop input product. For example, a composition
provided herein can be applied post emergence if the crop input
product contained in the composition (e.g., a fertilizer) is
normally applied post emergence. In some embodiments, the
compositions provided herein can be applied in multiple
applications. For example, a composition comprising jasmonate and
Bacillus can be applied as a seed treatment followed by a
post-emergence application of a composition comprising jasmonate,
Bacillus, and an herbicide such as glyphosate.
[0019] The addition of a jasmonate or related compound to a crop
input product can increase the effectiveness of a crop input
product by inducing biodefense activity in a plant. An increase in
the effectiveness of a crop input product can be measured by any
appropriate means including, without restriction, the level of pest
infestation, pest infestation severity, yield, biomass, disease
incidence, disease severity, and the like. The addition of a
jasmonate or related compound to a crop input product can increase
the effectiveness of the crop input product by at least about 2%.
In some embodiments, the addition of a jasmonate or related
compound to a crop input product can increase the effectiveness of
a the crop input product from about 2% to about 50% (e.g., about
3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 7%, about 10%, about 12%, about 15%,
about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, or about 40%). In some
embodiments, the addition of a jasmonate or related compound to a
crop input product can increase the effectiveness of the crop input
product by more than about 50%.
[0020] In some embodiments, jasmonate or related compound can
induce a biodefense activity in the absence of a crop input
product. In some embodiments, the biodefensive effect of a
combination of a jasmonate or related compound and a crop input
product can be additive. In some embodiments, the combination or
the jasmonate or related compound with a crop input product can
induce a biodefense activity that increases the effectiveness of
the crop input product more than what would be expected from the
added benefits of the crop input product and the biodefense
activity induced by the jasmonate or related compound alone. Thus,
the compositions provided herein can be used in methods of
increasing the effectiveness of a crop input product.
[0021] A jasmonate or related compound can be formulated as a 10
.mu.M to about 30 mM (e.g., about 500 .mu.M to about 2500 .mu.M,
about 1 mM to about 5 mM, or about 50 .mu.M to about 30 mM)
solution. The amount of jasmonate or related compound can be
applied to seed at a rate of 1-1000 mL jasmonate or related
compound solution per 100 kg of seed. For example, methyl jasmonate
can be applied to canola seed at a rate of about 160 mL of a 1 mM
solution per 100 kg seed. The amount of a jasmonate or related
compound applied as a foliar application can be from about 1-100 g
per acre (e.g., about 5-20 g/A).
[0022] Because the combination of a jasmonate or related compound
with a crop input product can result in increased effectiveness of
the crop input product, the compositions provided herein can be
formulated to reduce the volume effective for providing the
equivalent benefit of the included crop input product. For example,
the combination of a jasmonate or jasmonate related compound with a
crop input product can result in a composition with a volume that
provides an equivalent activity to a greater volume of the crop
input product alone. Such compositions can be used to reduce the
amount of crop input product required to achieve the same benefit
or they can be used to increase the benefit of the crop input
product with the same volume. In some embodiments, a jasmonate or
related compound and a crop input product can be applied separately
for the same benefit. Thus the compositions provided herein can be
used in methods of increasing crop input product performance with
no additional handling issues.
[0023] Because the compositions provided herein can reduce the
volume effective for providing the equivalent benefit of the
included crop input product, the compositions can be used in
methods of reducing the volume of a crop input product required to
achieve the same effective activity of the crop input product. Such
a method can be used to reduce handling issues with one or more
crop input product. In some embodiments, jasmonate or related
compound can be used to reduce the effective volume of individual
crop input products used in a seed treatment to keep the overall
volume below a desired threshold. For example, methyl jasmonate can
be added to a combination of a fungicide (e.g., mefenoxam or
fludioxonil), an insecticide (e.g., thiomethoxam), and a functional
polymer to reduce the volume of the fungicide and/or the
insecticide below, for example, 6-6.5 fluid ounces per hundred
weight for soybean, to achieve the activity desired.
[0024] The compositions provided herein can be packaged as premixed
formulations or as separate components that can be mixed prior to
use. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein can be
formulated to be applied directly to plants. In other embodiments,
the compositions provided herein can be formulated as a concentrate
that is diluted before application. In yet other embodiments, the
compositions provided herein can be produced by mixing the separate
components prior to application. Packaging can further include
appropriate documentation, labeling, and the like.
[0025] It is to be understood, that the methods provided herein
apply to the compositions provided herein, as well as the
combination of a jasmonate or related compound and a crop input
product applied separately. The formulation and timing of a
jasmonate or related compound applied separately from a crop input
product can be appropriately adjusted to provide the same benefits
as the compositions provided herein.
[0026] It is to be understood that the following examples are not
intended to limit the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Effect of Methyl Jasmonate in Combination with a Pesticide and a
Bioactive
[0027] Methyl jasmonate (0.02336% (w/v)) was pre-formulated with
Bacillus subtilis in a water based carrier. Where appropriate, the
methyl jasmonate/Bacillus composition was tank mixed with Helix
XTra.RTM. (Syngenta, Greensboro, N.C.) or a fungicide package. The
fungicide package was identical to Helix XTra.RTM., though without
the insecticidal component, thiamethoxam. The methyl
jasmonate/Bacillus composition was applied at a rate of 160 ml/100
kg to canola seed with or without Helix XTra.RTM. (1500 ml/100 kg)
or the fungicide package (1200 ml/100 kg in water to adjust to a
total volume of 1500 ml/100 kg). Plots were assessed for flea
beetle incidence at critical early timing periods. Table 1
indicates the complementarity of performance of the methyl
jasmonate with Bacillus subtilis and Helix XTra.RTM. compared to a
non-insecticidal treatment with or without methyl jasmonate
(fungicide package) or Helix XTra.RTM. and Bacillus subtilis alone
(site Elm Creek, Manitoba, Canada).
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Treatment Pest Incidence (%) Fungicide
package/Bacillus 81.7 a Helix XTra/Bacillus 45.0 c Fungicide
package/Bacillus + Methyl Jasmonate 60.0 b Helix XTra/Bacillus +
Methyl Jasmonate 43.3 c Means followed by same letter do not
significantly differ (P = .10, Duncan's New MRT) LSD = 8.47
Example 2
Effect of Cis-Jasmone in Combination with an Herbicide and a
Bioactive
[0028] Cis-Jasmone was premixed with glyphosphate, and applied at
the recommended time interval for foliar Roundup.RTM. application
to corn at a rate of 10 g/A cis-jasmone and Roundup.RTM. at the
labeled recommended rate. In addition, a Bacillus mixture was
co-mixed with the foliar cis-jasmone/glyphosate treatment to assess
combinatory activity. Table 2 shows that the combined activity of
cis-jasmone with both Roundup.RTM. and Bacillus provides a
significant increase in yield advantage compared to the stand-alone
Roundup.RTM. treatment.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Treatment Yield (Bu/Ac) Roundup .RTM. alone
201.2 b Roundup .RTM. + Cis-jasmone 205.2 b Roundup .RTM. +
Cis-jasmone + Bacillus 215.9 a Means followed by same letter do not
significantly differ (P = .05)
[0029] Various modifications and additions can be made to the
exemplary embodiments discussed without departing from the scope of
the present invention. For example, while the embodiments described
above refer to particular features, the scope of this invention
also includes embodiments having different combinations of features
and embodiments that do not include all of the above described
features.
Example 3
Effect of Methyl Jasmonate in Combination with a Pesticide and a
Bioactive
[0030] A fungicidal Bacillus subtilis composition, Integral.RTM.
(Becker Underwood, Ames, Iowa), was applied to canola seed in the
presence of Helix XTra.RTM. and/or methyl jasmonate (premixed as a
1.times. solution with Integral.RTM. at 0.02336% (w/v)). The methyl
jasmonate/Integral.RTM. composition was applied at a rate of 160
ml/100 kg to canola seed with or without Helix XTra.RTM. (1500
ml/100 kg). Where indicated, the Integral.RTM./methyl jasmonate
composition was modified to include methyl jasmonate at a
concentration of 0.2.times. or 5.times., with 1.times. equal to
0.02336% (w/v). Plots were assessed for flea beetle incidence and
severity at critical early timing periods (days post emergence as
indicated). Tables 3-5 show the effect of the application of
Integral.RTM. with or without methyl jasmonate and/or Helix
XTra.RTM. at various locations, as indicated.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada Pest Pest Pest
Pest Incidence Severity Incidence Severity (%) (%) (%) (%)
Treatment Day 8 Day 8 Day 14 Day 14 Integral .RTM. alone 54 ab 7 ab
100 a 15 b Integral .RTM. + Helix XTra .RTM. 47 bc 5 b 98 a 7 c
Integral .RTM. + Methyl 38 c 6 ab 92 b 8 c Jasmonate + Helix Xtra
.RTM. Integral .RTM. + Methyl 64 a 10 ab 100 a 18 a Jasmonate
(0.2X) Integral .RTM. + Methyl 65 a 10 a 100 a 16 ab Jasmonate (1X)
Integral .RTM. + Methyl 58 ab 8 ab 100 a 14 b Jasmonate (5X) Means
followed by same letter do not significantlydiffer (P = .05,
Duncan's New MRT)
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Vanscoy, Saskatchewan, Canada Pest Pest Pest
Pest Incidence Severity Incidence Severity (%) (%) (%) (%)
Treatment Day 7 Day 7 Day 14 Day 14 Integral .RTM. alone 30 a 3.9 a
20.8 a 7.7 a Integral .RTM. + Helix XTra .RTM. 15.8 bc 1.6 cd 8.3 b
5.2 ab Integral .RTM. + Methyl 9.2 c 0.9 d 6.7 b 2.5 b Jasmonate +
Helix Xtra .RTM. Integral .RTM. + Methyl 28.3 a 3.5 ab 20 a 6.9 a
Jasmonate (0.2X) Integral .RTM. + Methyl 20 ab 2.3 bc 13.3 ab 6.1 a
Jasmonate (1X) Integral .RTM. + Methyl 11.7 bc 1.3 cd 12.5 ab 6.3 a
Jasmonate (5X) Means followed by same letter do not significantly
differ (P = .05, Duncan's New MRT)
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Elm Creek, Manitoba, Canada Pest Pest
Incidence Severity % % Treatment Day 7 Day 7 Integral .RTM. alone
100 a 33 a Integral .RTM. + Helix XTra .RTM. 99 a 30 a Integral
.RTM. + Methyl Jasmonate + 100 a 23 b Helix Xtra .RTM. Integral
.RTM. + Methyl Jasmonate (0.2X) 100 a 23 b Integral .RTM. + Methyl
Jasmonate (1X) 100 a 17 c Integral .RTM. + Methyl Jasmonate (5X) 98
a 16 c Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P
= .05, Duncan's New MRT)
[0031] Various modifications and additions can be made to the
exemplary embodiments discussed without departing from the scope of
the present invention. For example, while the embodiments described
above refer to particular features, the scope of this invention
also includes embodiments having different combinations of features
and embodiments that do not include all of the above described
features.
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