U.S. patent application number 13/213263 was filed with the patent office on 2012-03-08 for method and apparatus for controlling gas turbine combustor.
This patent application is currently assigned to Hitachi, Ltd.. Invention is credited to Akinori Hayashi, Yoshitaka Hirata, Nozomi Saitou, Takeo Saitou, Tatsuya Sekiguchi, Kazuo Takahashi, Shouhei Yoshida.
Application Number | 20120055161 13/213263 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44785224 |
Filed Date | 2012-03-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120055161 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sekiguchi; Tatsuya ; et
al. |
March 8, 2012 |
Method and Apparatus for Controlling Gas Turbine Combustor
Abstract
An apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor having a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner
comprising: a rotating speed detector for detecting a rotating
speed of gas turbine, a recorder for recording the detected value
of the rotating speed of gas turbine detected by the rotating speed
detector, an arithmetic unit for calculating a change with time of
the rotating speed of gas turbine in accordance with details of the
detected value of the rotating speed of gas turbine recorded in the
recorder, and a fuel control unit for judging a starting situation
of reduction in the rotating speed of gas turbine on the basis of
the change with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine
calculated by the arithmetic unit and controlling respectively a
fuel flow rate for the diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the
diffusion combustion burner installed in the gas turbine combustor
and a fuel flow rate for the premix combustion to be fed to the
premix combustion burner.
Inventors: |
Sekiguchi; Tatsuya;
(Hitachinaka, JP) ; Yoshida; Shouhei; (Hitachiota,
JP) ; Hirata; Yoshitaka; (Tokai, JP) ;
Hayashi; Akinori; (Hitachinaka, JP) ; Saitou;
Nozomi; (Hitachinaka, JP) ; Takahashi; Kazuo;
(Hitachi, JP) ; Saitou; Takeo; (Hitachinaka,
JP) |
Assignee: |
Hitachi, Ltd.
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
44785224 |
Appl. No.: |
13/213263 |
Filed: |
August 19, 2011 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
60/737 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F05D 2270/082 20130101;
F23N 1/002 20130101; F02C 9/263 20130101; F05D 2270/304 20130101;
F23N 2241/20 20200101; F02C 9/28 20130101; F02C 9/46 20130101; F02C
9/34 20130101; F05D 2270/331 20130101; F05D 2270/091 20130101; F05D
2270/309 20130101; F05D 2270/31 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
60/737 |
International
Class: |
F23R 3/28 20060101
F23R003/28 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 6, 2010 |
JP |
2010-198518 |
Claims
1. An apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor having a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner
comprising: a rotating speed detector for detecting a rotating
speed of gas turbine, a recorder for recording the detected value
of the rotating speed of gas turbine detected by the rotating speed
detector, an arithmetic unit for calculating a change with time of
the rotating speed of gas turbine in accordance with details of the
detected value of the rotating speed of gas turbine recorded in the
recorder, and a fuel control unit for judging a starting situation
of reduction in the rotating speed of gas turbine on the basis of
the change with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine
calculated by the arithmetic unit and controlling respectively a
fuel flow rate for the diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the
diffusion combustion burner installed in the gas turbine combustor
and a fuel flow rate for the premix combustion to be fed to the
premix combustion burner.
2. The apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor according
to claim 1, wherein: the arithmetic unit for calculating the change
with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine is structured so as
to detect a situation that the rotating speed of gas turbine
increased at the time of a load dump of the gas turbine starts to
reduce by calculation of the change with time of the rotating speed
of gas turbine, output an operation signal for controlling the fuel
flow rate to the fuel control unit, switch, by the fuel control
unit, a combustion state of the gas turbine combustor from
independent diffusion combustion by the diffusion combustion burner
to mixed combustion of diffusion combustion and premix combustion
by the diffusion combustion burner and the premix combustion
burner, and control respectively the fuel flow rate for the
diffusion combustion burner fed to the diffusion combustion burner
and the fuel flow rate for the premix combustion fed to the premix
combustion burner.
3. An apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor having a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner
comprising: a detector for detecting a rotating speed of gas
turbine, a recorder for recording the detected value of the
rotating speed of gas turbine detected by the rotating speed
detector, an arithmetic unit for calculating a change with time of
the rotating speed of gas turbine in accordance with details of the
detected value of the rotating speed of gas turbine recorded in the
recorder, a bleed valve opening angle detector for detecting an
opening angle of a compressor bleed valve installed in a
compressor, a logic circuit for checking a value of the change with
time of the rotating speed of gas turbine calculated by the
arithmetic unit and an opening angle signal of the bleed valve
detected by the bleed valve opening angle detector, and a fuel
control unit for respectively controlling a fuel flow rate for the
diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the diffusion combustion
burner installed in the gas turbine combustor and a fuel flow rate
for the premix combustion to be fed to the premix combustion burner
so as to switch a combustion state of the gas turbine combustor
from independent diffusion combustion by the diffusion combustion
burner to mixed combustion of diffusion combustion and premix
combustion by the diffusion combustion burner and the premix
combustion burner on the basis of check results by the logic
circuit.
4. The apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor according
to claim 3, wherein the control unit of the gas turbine combustor
is structured so that: when it is detected by the checking by the
logic circuit that the rotating speed of gas turbine increased from
a rated rotating speed at the time of a load dump of the gas
turbine starts to reduce and the opening angle of the bleed valve
installed in the compressor is totally closed, the logic circuit
transmits an instruction signal to the fuel control unit, switches
the gas turbine combustor from the independent diffusion combustion
by the diffusion combustion burner to the mixed combustion of the
diffusion combustion and the premix combustion by the diffusion
combustion burner and the premix combustion burner, and
respectively controls the fuel flow rate for the diffusion
combustion burner fed to the diffusion combustion burner and the
fuel flow rate for the premix combustion fed to the premix
combustion burner.
5. An apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor having a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner
comprising: a fuel control unit for respectively controlling a fuel
flow rate for the diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the
diffusion combustion burner installed in the gas turbine combustor
and a fuel flow rate for the premix combustion to be fed to the
premix combustion burner so as to switch a combustion state of the
gas turbine combustor from independent diffusion combustion by the
diffusion combustion burner to mixed combustion of diffusion
combustion and premix combustion by the diffusion combustion burner
and the premix combustion burner on the basis of a signal
transmitted from a timer circuit, which is installed to transmit a
signal for controlling the fuel control unit after a predetermined
period of time after receipt of a load dump signal of gas turbine,
after a predetermined period of time.
6. The apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor according
to claim 1, wherein: the control unit of the gas turbine combustor
is installed in a biaxial gas turbine unit.
7. A method for controlling a gas turbine combustor including a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner,
comprising the steps of: detecting a rotating speed of gas turbine,
recording the detected value of the rotating speed of gas turbine,
calculating a change with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine
in accordance with details of the recorded detected value of the
rotating speed of gas turbine, judging a starting situation of
reduction in the rotating speed of gas turbine on the basis of the
calculated change with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine,
and regulating a fuel flow rate fed to the gas turbine combustor
controls respectively a fuel flow rate for the diffusion combustion
burner to be fed to the diffusion combustion burner installed in
the gas turbine combustor and a fuel flow rate for the premix
combustion to be fed to the premix combustion burner.
8. The method for controlling a gas turbine combustor according to
claim 7, wherein: the calculating a change with time of the
rotating speed of gas turbine is performed in a situation that the
rotating speed of gas turbine increased at the time of a load dump
of the gas turbine starts to reduce by calculation of a trend of
the change with time in which the rotating speed of gas turbine is
recorded and when it is judged that the situation that the rotating
speed of gas turbine starts to reduce occurs, outputting an
operation signal for controlling the fuel flow rate to the fuel
control unit, regulating the fuel flow rate fed to the gas turbine
combustor switches a combustion state of the gas turbine combustor
from independent diffusion combustion by the diffusion combustion
burner to mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and the
premix combustion by the diffusion combustion burner and the premix
combustion burner, and respectively controlling the fuel flow rate
for the diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the diffusion
combustion burner and the fuel flow rate for the premix combustion
to be fed to the premix combustion burner.
9. A method for controlling a gas turbine combustor including a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner,
comprising the steps of: detecting a rotating speed of a gas
turbine, recording the detected value of the rotating speed of gas
turbine, calculating a change with time of the rotating speed of
gas turbine in accordance with details of the recorded detected
value of the rotating speed of gas turbine, detecting an opening
angle of a compressor bleed valve installed in a compressor, and
regulating a fuel flow rate fed to the gas turbine combustor on the
basis of check results of a calculated value of the change with
time of the rotating speed of gas turbine and a detected opening
angle signal of the bleed valve respectively controls a fuel flow
rate for the diffusion combustion burner to be to the diffusion
combustion burner installed in the gas turbine combustor and a fuel
flow rate for the premix combustion to be fed to the premix
combustion burner so as to switch a combustion state of the gas
turbine combustor from independent diffusion combustion by the
diffusion combustion burner to mixed combustion of the diffusion
combustion and the premix combustion by the diffusion combustion
burner and the premix combustion burner.
10. The method for controlling a gas turbine combustor according to
claim 9, wherein: when it is detected by the checking that the
rotating speed of gas turbine increased from a rated rotating speed
at the time of a load dump of the gas turbine starts to reduce and
the opening angle of the bleed valve installed in the compressor is
totally closed, the fuel control unit for regulating the fuel flow
rate fed to the gas turbine combustor switches the gas turbine
combustor from the independent diffusion combustion by the
diffusion combustion burner to the mixed combustion of the
diffusion combustion and the premix combustion by the diffusion
combustion burner and the premix combustion burner and controls
respectively the fuel flow rate for the diffusion combustion burner
fed to the diffusion combustion burner and the fuel flow rate for
the premix combustion fed to the premix combustion burner.
11. A method for controlling a gas turbine combustor having a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner,
comprising the steps of: controlling a fuel flow rate for the
diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the diffusion combustion
burner installed in the gas turbine combustor and a fuel flow rate
for the premix combustion to be fed to the premix combustion burner
respectively so as to switch a combustion state of the gas turbine
combustor from independent diffusion combustion by the diffusion
combustion burner to mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion
and the premix combustion by the diffusion combustion burner and
the premix combustion burner on the basis of a signal transmitted
from a timer circuit, which is installed to transmit a signal for
controlling the fuel control unit after a predetermined period of
time after receipt of a load dump signal of gas turbine, after a
predetermined period of time.
12. The method for controlling a gas turbine combustor according to
claim 7, wherein: the control method of gas turbine combustor is
used for a control method of a gas turbine combustor of a biaxial
gas turbine unit.
Description
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0001] The present application claims priority from Japanese patent
application JP 2010-198518 filed on Sep. 6, 2010, the content of
which is hereby incorporated by reference into this
application.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus
for controlling a gas turbine combustor.
[0004] 2. Description of Related Art
[0005] In the gas turbine combustor, there are a diffusion
combustor and a premix combustor available. The diffusion combustor
is a system for separately feeding and burning fuel and air in a
combustion chamber, and a flame is formed in a state close to the
stoichiometric ratio of fuel to air, and the local flame
temperature rises, so that although the combustion stability is
high, the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission increases.
[0006] On the other hand, the premix combustor is a system for
premixing fuel and air and then feeding and burning them in the
combustion chamber, and the mixing ratio of fuel and air on the
flame sheet is lower than that in the diffusion combustion, and the
local flame temperature is lowered, so that the emission of NOx can
be reduced.
[0007] As general use of a low NOx combustor, at the time of a low
load operation from start up to acceleration, the diffusion
combustion of high combustion stability is used and at the time of
the base load operation from a partial load, the diffusion
combustion of high combustion stability and the premix combustion
capable of reducing the NOx emission are combined, thus the
combustion stability and the reduction in the NOx discharging rate
are compatible with each other.
[0008] When using the gas turbine for power generation, the gas
turbine needs to withstand a load dump when the load operation
state is transferred to the no-load operation state due to
separation of the generator from the gas turbine. The load dump is
to urgently separate the generator and turbine from each other from
some cause and in this case, the gas turbine needs to immediately
enter the full speed no-load operation state.
[0009] Immediately after the load dump, the rotating speed of the
gas turbine increases. If the rotating speed of the gas turbine
increases to the limit value or higher, there is a concern that it
may lead to damage to the compressor or turbine and it is necessary
to promptly reduce the fuel flow rate to the minimum limit capable
of maintaining the flame by the gas turbine combustor, thereby
suppressing an increase in the rotating speed of the gas
turbine.
[0010] Due to the increase in the rotating speed of the gas turbine
in correspondence to the load dump, the flow rate of compressed air
flowing into the gas turbine combustor increases, and the fuel flow
rate reduces suddenly, so that the inner state of the gas turbine
combustor is transiently greatly changed. Therefore, in the gas
turbine combustor, high combustion stability is required, and when
reducing the fuel flow rate at the time of load dump, so as to dump
the fuel for premix combustion, thereby switch to the independent
diffusion combustion, the fuel flow rate is controlled.
[0011] In Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 10 (1998)-169467 of a
prior art, at the time of load dump of the gas turbine, an art
capable of switching the premix combustion to the independent
diffusion combustion without delay of ignition is disclosed. [0012]
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei
10(1998)-169467
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The regulation and social demands on the environment become
stronger day by day and also in the gas turbine combustor, a
further reduction in the NOx emission is required. In the base load
operation state from the partial load of the gas turbine, the
combustion of the gas turbine combustor is switched to the mixed
combustion of the diffusion combustion and premix combustion, thus
the NOx emission rate can be reduced.
[0014] Further, in the gas turbine, to suppress the increase in the
rotating speed due to the load dump, the fuel for the premix
combustion is dumped at the time of load dump and so as to switch
to the independent diffusion combustion, the fuel flow rate fed to
the gas turbine combustor is controlled.
[0015] In Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 10 (1998)-169467
aforementioned, at the time of load dump of the gas turbine, the
art capable of switching the premix combustion to the independent
diffusion combustion without delay of ignition is disclosed, though
the time required to return from the load dump to the ordinary
operation state depends upon the cause of the load dump and there
is a possibility that the full speed no-load operation state after
the load dump may be held for many hours.
[0016] When the full speed no-load operation state after the load
dump is held for many hours, the independent diffusion combustion
state of a high NOx emission is continued, so that an increase in
the NOx emission due to the full speed no-load operation state
after the load dump causes a problem.
[0017] An object of the present invention is to provide a method
and an apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor capable of
ensuring combustion stability immediately after load dump of the
gas turbine and reducing the NOx emission due to full speed no-load
operation after the load dump.
[0018] An apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor having
a diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner
comprising: a rotating speed detector for detecting a rotating
speed of gas turbine, a recorder for recording the detected value
of the rotating speed of gas turbine detected by the rotating speed
detector, an arithmetic unit for calculating a change with time of
the rotating speed of gas turbine in accordance with details of the
detected value of the rotating speed of gas turbine recorded in the
recorder, and a fuel control unit for judging a starting situation
of reduction in the rotating speed of gas turbine on the basis of
the change with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine
calculated by the arithmetic unit and controlling respectively a
fuel flow rate for the diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the
diffusion combustion burner installed in the gas turbine combustor
and a fuel flow rate for the premix combustion to be fed to the
premix combustion burner.
[0019] An apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor having
a diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner
comprising: a detector for detecting a rotating speed of gas
turbine, a recorder for recording the detected value of the
rotating speed of gas turbine detected by the rotating speed
detector, an arithmetic unit for calculating a change with time of
the rotating speed of gas turbine in accordance with details of the
detected value of the rotating speed of gas turbine recorded in the
recorder, a bleed valve opening angle detector for detecting an
opening angle of a compressor bleed valve installed in a
compressor, a logic circuit for checking a value of the change with
time of the rotating speed of gas turbine calculated by the
arithmetic unit and an opening angle signal of the bleed valve
detected by the bleed valve opening angle detector, and a fuel
control unit for respectively controlling a fuel flow rate for the
diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the diffusion combustion
burner installed in the gas turbine combustor and a fuel flow rate
for the premix combustion to be fed to the premix combustion burner
so as to switch a combustion state of the gas turbine combustor
from independent diffusion combustion by the diffusion combustion
burner to mixed combustion of diffusion combustion and premix
combustion by the diffusion combustion burner and the premix
combustion burner on the basis of check results by the logic
circuit.
[0020] An apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor having
a diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner
comprising: a fuel control unit for respectively controlling a fuel
flow rate for the diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the
diffusion combustion burner installed in the gas turbine combustor
and a fuel flow rate for the premix combustion to be fed to the
premix combustion burner so as to switch a combustion state of the
gas turbine combustor from independent diffusion combustion by the
diffusion combustion burner to mixed combustion of diffusion
combustion and premix combustion by the diffusion combustion burner
and the premix combustion burner on the basis of a signal
transmitted from a timer circuit, which is installed to transmit a
signal for controlling the fuel control unit after a predetermined
period of time after receipt of a load dump signal of gas turbine,
after a predetermined period of time.
[0021] A method for controlling a gas turbine combustor including a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner,
comprising the steps of: detecting a rotating speed of gas turbine,
recording the detected value of the rotating speed of gas turbine,
calculating a change with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine
in accordance with details of the recorded detected value of the
rotating speed of gas turbine, judging a starting situation of
reduction in the rotating speed of gas turbine on the basis of the
calculated change with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine,
and regulating a fuel flow rate fed to the gas turbine combustor
controls respectively a fuel flow rate for the diffusion combustion
burner to be fed to the diffusion combustion burner installed in
the gas turbine combustor and a fuel flow rate for the premix
combustion to be fed to the premix combustion burner.
[0022] A method for controlling a gas turbine combustor including a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner,
comprising the steps of: detecting a rotating speed of a gas
turbine, recording the detected value of the rotating speed of gas
turbine, calculating a change with time of the rotating speed of
gas turbine in accordance with details of the recorded detected
value of the rotating speed of gas turbine, detecting an opening
angle of a compressor bleed valve installed in a compressor, and
regulating a fuel flow rate fed to the gas turbine combustor on the
basis of check results of a calculated value of the change with
time of the rotating speed of gas turbine and a detected opening
angle signal of the bleed valve respectively controls a fuel flow
rate for the diffusion combustion burner to be to the diffusion
combustion burner installed in the gas turbine combustor and a fuel
flow rate for the premix combustion to be fed to the premix
combustion burner so as to switch a combustion state of the gas
turbine combustor from independent diffusion combustion by the
diffusion combustion burner to mixed combustion of the diffusion
combustion and the premix combustion by the diffusion combustion
burner and the premix combustion burner.
[0023] A method for controlling a gas turbine combustor having a
diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner,
comprising the steps of: controlling a fuel flow rate for the
diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the diffusion combustion
burner installed in the gas turbine combustor and a fuel flow rate
for the premix combustion to be fed to the premix combustion burner
respectively so as to switch a combustion state of the gas turbine
combustor from independent diffusion combustion by the diffusion
combustion burner to mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion
and the premix combustion by the diffusion combustion burner and
the premix combustion burner on the basis of a signal transmitted
from a timer circuit, which is installed to transmit a signal for
controlling the fuel control unit after a predetermined period of
time after receipt of a load dump signal of gas turbine, after a
predetermined period of time.
[0024] According to the present invention, a method and an
apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor capable of
ensuring combustion stability immediately after load dump of the
gas turbine and reducing the NOx emission due to full speed no-load
operation after the load dump can be realized.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the gas turbine unit including
the gas turbine combustor that is the first embodiment of the
present invention,
[0026] FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the fuel flow
rate of the gas turbine combustor that is the first embodiment of
the present invention and the load of the gas turbine,
[0027] FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the changes with
time of the fuel flow rate of the diffusion combustion burner, the
fuel flow rate of the premix combustion burner, the rotating speed
of the gas turbine, and the NOx emission at the time of load dump
in the first embodiment of the present invention,
[0028] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the gas turbine unit including
the gas turbine combustor that is the second embodiment of the
present invention,
[0029] FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the changes with
time of the fuel flow rate of the diffusion combustion burner, the
fuel flow rate of the premix combustion burner, the rotating speed
of the gas turbine, and the NOx emission at the time of load dump
in the second embodiment of the present invention,
[0030] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the gas turbine unit including
the gas turbine combustor that is the third embodiment of the
present invention,
[0031] FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the changes with
time of the fuel flow rate of the diffusion combustion burner, the
fuel flow rate of the premix combustion burner, the rotating speed
of the gas turbine, and the NOx emission at the time of load dump
in the third embodiment of the present invention,
[0032] FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship
between the rotating speed of the gas turbine and the fuel flow
ratio at the time of load dump in the third embodiment of the
present invention,
[0033] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the gas turbine unit including
the gas turbine combustor that is the fourth embodiment of the
present invention,
[0034] FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing the rotating
speed of the gas turbine, the opening angle of the bleed valve, and
the flow rate of compressed air at the time of load dump in the
fourth embodiment of the present invention,
[0035] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the gas turbine unit including
the gas turbine combustor that is the fifth embodiment of the
present invention,
[0036] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the gas turbine unit including
the gas turbine combustor which is the sixth embodiment of the
present invention, and
[0037] FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing the fuel flow
rate, the rotating speed of the low-pressure turbine, and the
rotating speed of the high-pressure turbine at the time of load
dump in the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0038] A control apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor
that is an embodiment of the present invention will be explained
below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0039] When using the gas turbine for power generation, the gas
turbine needs to withstand the load dump of the gas turbine
transferring from the load operation state to the no-load operation
state by separating the generator from the gas turbine.
[0040] At the time of the load dump of the gas turbine, it is
necessary to promptly reduce the fuel flow rate down to the minimum
limit at which the gas turbine combustor can maintain the flame and
prevent the compressor and gas turbine from damage due to an
increase in the rotating speed of the gas turbine up to the limit
value or higher.
[0041] Due to the increase in the rotating speed of the gas turbine
in correspondence to the load dump, the flow rate of compressed air
flowing into the gas turbine combustor increases, and the fuel flow
rate reduces suddenly, so that the inner state of the gas turbine
combustor is greatly changed transiently. Therefore, the gas
turbine combustor is required for high combustion stability, so
that when reducing the fuel flow rate at the time of the load dump
of the gas turbine, fuel is controlled so as to dump the premix
fuel and switch to the independent diffusion combustion.
[0042] On the other hand, if the combustion of the gas turbine
combustor is switched from the premix combustion to the independent
diffusion combustion, the NOx emission due to the full speed
no-load operation after the load dump increases.
[0043] Therefore, the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor of the present invention includes the detector for
detecting the rotating speed of the gas turbine, the recorder for
recording a signal of the detector, the arithmetic unit for
calculating the change with time of the rotating speed from the
information of the recorder, and the fuel control unit, upon
receipt of a signal from the arithmetic unit, for controlling the
fuel flow rates to be fed to the diffusion combustion burner and
premix combustion burner of the gas turbine combustor and is
structured so as to output an operation signal to the fuel control
unit from the arithmetic unit if the rotating speed of the gas
turbine increased from the rated rotating speed due to the load
dump of the gas turbine starts to reduce from the increased
rotating speed of the gas turbine and control the fuel flow rate
fed to the gas turbine combustor so as to switch the independent
diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion
combustion and premix combustion.
[0044] The control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor is
structured as mentioned above, thus if the rotating speed of the
gas turbine increased from the rated rotating speed after the load
dump of the gas turbine starts to reduce, the independent diffusion
combustion can be promptly switched to the mixed combustion of the
diffusion combustion and premix combustion, so that the NOx
emission due to the full speed no-load operation after the load
dump can be reduced.
Embodiment 1
[0045] The control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor and the
control method of the gas turbine combustor of the first embodiment
of the present invention will be explained by referring to FIGS. 1
to 3.
[0046] FIG. 1 shows an entire drawing of the gas turbine unit for
power generation having the gas turbine combustor which is the
first embodiment of the present invention, and the gas turbine unit
includes a compressor 1, a gas turbine combustor 2, and a turbine
3, and by the output of the turbine 3, a generator 4 is rotated,
thus power is obtained.
[0047] Compressed air 100 compressed by the compressor 1 flows into
the gas turbine combustor 2 via a diffuser 5 and passes between an
outer sleeve 6 and a combustor liner 7.
[0048] A part of the compressed air 100 flows into a combustion
chamber 8 of the gas turbine combustor 2 as cooling air 101 of the
combustor liner 7. The compressed air 100 not used as cooling air
101 respectively flows into a diffusion combustion burner 9
arranged on the upstream side of the combustor 2 and on the axial
center side of the combustor and a premix combustion burner 10
arranged on the outer circumference side of the diffusion
combustion burner 9 as combustion air.
[0049] The diffusion combustion burner 9 installed in the gas
turbine combustor 2 includes a fuel nozzle 11 for the diffusion
combustion burner and a swirler 12. The compressed air 100 flowing
in the diffusion combustion burner 9 is swirled by the swirler 12
as diffusion combustion air 102, thereby flows into the combustion
chamber 8, burns diffusion burner fuel injected from the fuel
nozzle 11 for the diffusion combustion burner, and forms a
diffusion flame 103 in the combustion chamber 8.
[0050] The premix combustion burner 10 installed in the gas turbine
combustor 2 respectively includes a plurality of fuel nozzles 13
for the premix burner and a flame stabilizer 14. The compressed air
100 flowing in the premix combustion burner 10 is mixed and burnt
with the premix burner fuel injected from the premix burner fuel
nozzles 13 as premix combustion air 104 and forms a premix flame
105 in the combustion chamber 8 on the downstream side of the flame
stabilizer 14.
[0051] High-temperature combustion gas 106 generated by the
diffusion flame 103 and the premix flame 105 in the combustion
chamber 8 passes through a transition piece 15 installed on the
downstream side of the gas turbine combustor 2 and flows into the
turbine 3. The combustion gas 106 drives the turbine 3, permits the
generator 4 connected to the turbine 3 to rotate, takes out
electric power, and then is discharged from the turbine 3 via the
exhaust duct.
[0052] The fuel fed to the gas turbine combustor 2 is fed through a
diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17 and a premix combustion
burner fuel system 18 which branch from a fuel main pipe 16. The
fuel main pipe 16, the diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17,
and the premix combustion burner fuel system 18 respectively
include a dump valve 19 and a control valve 20, thus the ratio of
the fuel flow fed to the diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17
and the premix combustion burner fuel system 18 can be
controlled.
[0053] FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the gas turbine load
of the gas turbine combustor 2 of this embodiment and the fuel flow
rates of diffusion combustion burner fuel 17a fed to the diffusion
combustion burner fuel system 17 and premix combustion burner fuel
18a fed to the premix combustion burner fuel system 18.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 2, under the operation condition of a low
gas turbine load, the diffusion combustion burner fuel 17a is fed
to the diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17, thereby the gas
turbine combustor 2 is switched to the independent diffusion
combustion, thus the combustion stability is improved. Under the
operation condition of a high gas turbine load, the diffusion
combustion burner fuel 17a and the premix combustion burner fuel
18a are respectively fed to the diffusion combustion burner fuel
system 17 and the premix combustion burner fuel system 18, and the
mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and premix combustion
is realized, thus the NOx emission can be reduced.
[0055] FIG. 3 shows the changes with time of the diffusion
combustion burner fuel flow rate 17a and the premix combustion
burner fuel flow rate 18a which are fed to the diffusion combustion
burner fuel system 17 and the premix combustion burner fuel system
18, the rotating speed of the gas turbine, and the NOx emission
generated in the gas turbine combustor 2 at the time of the load
dump of the gas turbine in the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment.
[0056] As shown in FIG. 3 as a rotating speed of the gas turbine,
if the load dump of the gas turbine occurs, the rotating speed of
the gas turbine increases. If the rotating speed of the gas turbine
increases excessively, there is a possibility that the compressor 1
or the turbine 3 may be damaged, so it is desirable to suppress the
rotating speed of the gas turbine to about 110% of the rated speed
at its maximum. Therefore, it is necessary to detect a load dump
signal of the gas turbine, simultaneously reduce the fuel flow rate
fed to the gas turbine combustor 2 down to the minimum limit at
which the gas turbine combustor 2 can maintain the flame, and
suppress the rotating speed of the gas turbine from increasing.
[0057] Therefore, in the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 as the diffusion
combustion burner fuel flow rate 17a and the premix combustion
burner fuel flow rate 18a, if the occurrence of the load dump of
the gas turbine is detected by the load dump signal of the gas
turbine, the feed of the premix combustion burner fuel 18a via the
premix combustion burner fuel system 18 for feeding to the gas
turbine combustor 2 is dumped and with respect to the fuel, only
the feed of the diffusion combustion burner fuel 17a via the
diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17 is performed, and the
independent diffusion combustion is switched, thus even at the fuel
flow rate of the minimum limit, the combustion stability of the gas
turbine combustor 2 is ensured. The fuel flow rate fed to the gas
turbine combustor 2 is reduced, thus the increased rotating speed
of the gas turbine due to the load dump is slowly reduced to the
rated rotating speed.
[0058] In the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of
this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the rotating speed of the gas
turbine is detected by a rotating speed detector 200 for detecting
the rotating speed of the gas turbine, and a detection signal of
the rotating speed of the gas turbine which is detected by the
rotating speed detector 200 is transmitted to a rotating speed
recorder 201, and the information of the rotating speed of the gas
turbine is preserved by the rotating speed recorder 201. And, the
information of the rotating speed of the gas turbine preserved in
the rotating speed recorder 201 is sent to a rotating speed trend
arithmetic unit 202 and by the rotating speed trend arithmetic unit
202, the change with time of the rotating speed of the gas turbine
is calculated.
[0059] The rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202 detects it by
calculating the trend of the change of the rotating speed of the
gas turbine on the basis of the value of the rotating speed of the
gas turbine recorded in the rotating speed recorder 201 that the
rotating speed of the gas turbine increased from the rated rotating
speed immediately after the load dump which occurs in the gas
turbine starts to reduce from the once-increased rotating speed of
the gas turbine, thereby judges the switching of the combustion
form of the gas turbine combustor 2.
[0060] And, the control apparatus is structured so that when it is
detected by the rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202 that the
once-increased rotating speed of the gas turbine starts to reduce,
the rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202 outputs an instruction
signal to a fuel control unit 203 for controlling the flow rate of
the fuel to be fed to the gas turbine combustor 2 and the
combustion form of the gas turbine combustor 2 is switched from the
independent diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion of the
diffusion combustion and premix combustion by the fuel control unit
203.
[0061] When the rotating speed of the gas turbine increased due to
the load dump starts to reduce, the reduction of the rotating speed
of the gas turbine is detected by the rotating speed trend
arithmetic unit 202, and the fuel control unit 203 receiving the
instruction signal for switching the combustion form of the gas
turbine combustor 2 from the independent diffusion combustion to
the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and premix
combustion from the rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202, so as
to switch the combustion form of the gas turbine combustor 2 from
the independent diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion of the
diffusion combustion and premix combustion, controls so as to
reduce the diffusion combustion burner fuel flow rate 17a which is
fed to the diffusion combustion burner 9 of the gas turbine
combustor 2 via the diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17 and
increase the premix combustion burner fuel flow rate 18a which is
fed to the premix combustion burner 10 via the premix combustion
burner fuel system 18.
[0062] In the state that the rotating speed of the gas turbine
increased from the rated rotating speed due to the load dump of the
gas turbine starts to reduce from the increased rotating speed of
the gas turbine, the transient unstable state due to the load dump
is almost settled and even if the combustion form of the gas
turbine combustor 2 is switched from the independent diffusion
combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and
premix combustion, the combustion stability of the gas turbine
combustor 2 can be kept.
[0063] After the combustion form of the gas turbine combustor 2 is
switched to the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and
premix combustion, the fuel flow rate is regulated and the gas
turbine is controlled so as to enter the full speed no-load
operation. By executing such fuel control, in the full speed
no-load operation state after the load dump of the gas turbine, the
NOx emission generated from the gas turbine combustor 2 can be
reduced.
[0064] Further, in the aforementioned control apparatus of the gas
turbine combustor 2 of this embodiment, the reliability of the gas
turbine combustor 2 can be improved. Namely, in the diffusion
combustion of the gas turbine combustor 2, a flame is formed in a
mixing state close to the stoichiometric ratio of fuel to air, so
that compared with the premix combustion, a local flame temperature
becomes high.
[0065] Therefore, when the independent diffusion combustion of the
gas turbine combustor 2 is continued in the full speed no-load
operation state after the load dump of the gas turbine, there is a
possibility that the metal temperature of the diffusion burner 9 of
the gas turbine combustor 2 may rise.
[0066] Therefore, in the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment, when the rotating speed of the gas
turbine increased from the rated rotating speed after the load dump
of the gas turbine starts to reduce, as mentioned above, the
combustion form of the gas turbine combustor 2 is promptly switched
from the independent diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion
of the diffusion combustion and premix combustion, so that a heat
load generated by combustion can be diffused to the diffusion
combustion burner 9 and the premix combustion burner 10.
[0067] As a result, in the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment, when the rotating speed of the gas
turbine increased from the rated rotating speed after the load dump
of the gas turbine starts to reduce, the combustion form of the gas
turbine combustor 2 is switched from the independent diffusion
combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and
premix combustion, thus after ignition of the premix combustion
burner 10, the metal temperature of the diffusion combustion burner
9 is reduced and even in the full speed no-load operation state,
the metal temperature of the diffusion combustion burner 9 can be
suppressed low, so that the reliability of the diffusion combustion
burner 9 can be improved.
[0068] Further, the temperature of the premix combustion burner 10
rises when the combustion form is switched from the independent
diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion
combustion and premix combustion, though the premix combustion
burner fuel flow rate 18a fed to the premix combustion burner 10
via the premix combustion burner fuel system 18 is sufficiently low
compared with the rated load condition, so that the metal
temperature of the premix combustion burner 10 is low and the gas
turbine combustor 2 creates no trouble in reliability.
[0069] According to this embodiment, a method and an apparatus for
controlling a gas turbine combustor capable of ensuring combustion
stability immediately after the load dump of the gas turbine and
reducing the NOx emission due to the full speed no-load operation
after the load dump can be realized.
Embodiment 2
[0070] Next, the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor and
the control method of the gas turbine combustor of the second
embodiment of the present invention will be explained by referring
to FIGS. 4 and 5. The control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of the second embodiment of the present invention is
the same as that of the gas turbine combustor 2 of the first
embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 in the basic constitution, so that
the explanation common to the two is omitted and only the different
portions will be explained below.
[0071] FIG. 4 shows an entire drawing of the gas turbine unit for
power generation including the gas turbine combustor 2 which is the
second embodiment of the present invention and the control
apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of this embodiment, in
addition to the constitution of the gas turbine combustor 2 of the
first embodiment, is structured so as to install a rotating speed
comparison arithmetic unit 204 for comparing a set switching
rotating speed with information of the recorder 201 for recording
the rotating speed of the gas turbine and a logic circuit 205 for
deciding signals of the rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202
and the rotating speed comparison arithmetic unit 204.
[0072] In the fuel control method by the control apparatus of the
gas turbine combustor 2 of the first embodiment, when the rising
width of the rotating speed at the time of the load dump of the gas
turbine is wide, under the condition that the rotating speed of the
gas turbine is high and the air flow rates of the compressed air
100 and the premix combustion air 104 which flow into the gas
turbine combustor 2 are high, the combustion form of the gas
turbine combustor 2 is switched from the independent diffusion
combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and
premix combustion. Therefore, at the time of ignition of the premix
flame 105 formed in the combustion chamber 8 of the gas turbine
combustor 2, the premix flame 105 becomes unstable transiently and
there is a possibility of flame loss.
[0073] Therefore, the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment is structured so as to install the
rotating speed comparison arithmetic unit 204 for comparing the
switching rotating speed for switching the combustion form from the
independent diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion of the
diffusion combustion and premix combustion with the information of
the rotating speed of the gas turbine recorded in the recorder 201
and the logic circuit 205 for deciding signals of the rotating
speed trend arithmetic unit 202 and the rotating speed comparison
arithmetic unit 204.
[0074] FIG. 5 shows the changes with time of the diffusion
combustion burner fuel flow rate 17a and the premix combustion
burner fuel flow rate 18a which are fed to the diffusion combustion
burner fuel system 17 and the premix combustion burner fuel system
18, the rotating speed of the gas turbine, and the NOx emission
generated in the gas turbine combustor 2 at the time of load dump
of the gas turbine in the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment.
[0075] In FIG. 5, in the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment, the rotating speed comparison
arithmetic unit 204 compares a preset switching rotating speed
.phi..sub.p with the information of the rotating speed of the
recorder 201 and when the rotating speed of the gas turbine
increased after the load dump reduces to the switching rotating
speed .phi..sub.p or lower, transmits a signal to the logic circuit
205.
[0076] The switching rotating speed .phi..sub.p is within the range
from the rated rotating speed to 110% of the rated rotating speed
and it is desirable to set the rotating speed of the gas turbine so
that even if the combustion form of the gas turbine combustor 2 is
switched from the independent diffusion combustion to the mixed
combustion of the diffusion combustion and premix combustion, the
premix flame 105 formed in the combustion chamber 8 of the gas
turbine combustor 2 burns stably.
[0077] The logic circuit 205 decides the signals output from the
rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202 and the rotating speed
comparison arithmetic unit 204 and only upon receipt of both of an
output signal from the rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202
when the rotating speed of the gas turbine which is increased once
due to the load dump starts to reduce and a signal of the rotating
speed of the gas turbine of the switching rotating speed
.phi..sub.p or lower output from the rotating speed comparison
arithmetic unit 204, transmits an operation signal from the logic
circuit 205 to the fuel control unit 203.
[0078] The fuel control unit 203 receives the operation signal from
the logic circuit 205 and so the combustion form of the gas turbine
combustor 2 is switched from the independent diffusion combustion
to the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and premix
combustion, controls so as to reduce the diffusion combustion
burner fuel flow rate 17a which is fed via the diffusion combustion
burner fuel system 17 and increase the premix combustion burner
fuel flow rate 18a which is fed via the premix combustion burner
fuel system 18.
[0079] The control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of this
embodiment is structured as mentioned above, thus when the rising
width of the rotating speed of the gas turbine at the time of the
load dump of the gas turbine is wide, after the rotating speed of
the gas turbine reduces down to the switching rotating speed
.phi..sub.p, the combustion form of the gas turbine combustor 2 is
switched from the independent diffusion combustion to the mixed
combustion of the diffusion combustion and premix combustion, so
that the premix flame 105 formed in the combustion chamber 8 of the
gas turbine combustor 2 can be ignited stably and can be prevented
from flame loss.
[0080] According to this embodiment, a method and an apparatus for
controlling a gas turbine combustor capable of ensuring combustion
stability immediately after the load dump of the gas turbine and
reducing the NOx emission due to the full speed no-load operation
after the load dump can be realized.
Embodiment 3
[0081] Next, the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor and
the control method of the gas turbine combustor of the third
embodiment of the present invention will be explained by referring
to FIGS. 6 and 7. The control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of the third embodiment of the present invention is the
same as that of the gas turbine combustor 2 of the first embodiment
shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 in the basic constitution, so that the
explanation common to the two is omitted and only the different
portions will be explained below.
[0082] FIG. 6 shows an entire drawing of the gas turbine unit for
power generation including the gas turbine combustor 2 which is the
third embodiment of the present invention and the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment, in addition to the constitution of
the gas turbine combustor 2 of the first embodiment, is structured
so as to install a switching rotating speed arithmetic unit 206 for
calculating the rotating speed of the gas turbine to switch the
combustion form of the gas turbine combustor 2 from the independent
diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion
combustion and premix combustion from the information of the
recorder 201 for recording the rotating speed of the gas turbine
after the load dump of the gas turbine.
[0083] FIG. 7 shows the changes with time of the diffusion
combustion burner fuel flow rate 17a and the premix combustion
burner fuel flow rate 18a which are fed via the diffusion
combustion burner fuel system 17 and the premix combustion burner
fuel system 18 at the time of load dump of the gas turbine in the
control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of this
embodiment, the rotating speed of the gas turbine, and the NOx
emission generated in the gas turbine combustor 2.
[0084] As shown in FIG. 7, in the control apparatus of the gas
turbine combustor 2 of this embodiment, the rotating speed of the
gas turbine increased from the rated rotating speed in
correspondence to the load dump of the gas turbine, if the fuel
flow rate fed to the gas turbine combustor 2 reduces, starts to
reduce.
[0085] Therefore, in the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment, if it is detected by the rotating
speed trend arithmetic unit 202 that the rotating speed of the gas
turbine increased immediately after the load dump of the gas
turbine starts to reduce from the rated rotating speed, a signal is
transmitted from the rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202 to
the switching rotating speed arithmetic unit 206.
[0086] The switching rotating speed arithmetic unit 206 receiving
the signal of detecting that the rotating speed of the gas turbine
starts to reduce from the rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202,
by a built-in arithmetic unit, from the maximum rotating speed
.phi..sub.max of the gas turbine recorded in the rotating speed
recorder 201, on the basis of Formulas (1) and (2) indicated below,
calculates a fuel control switching rotating speed .phi..sub.c.
[0087] By the calculator built in the switching rotating speed
arithmetic unit 206, the fuel control switching rotating speed
.phi..sub.c is calculated by Formula (1) indicated below.
.phi..sub.c=.phi..sub.fs+.crclbar..times.(.phi..sub.max-.phi..sub.fs)
(1)
[0088] In Formula (1), .phi..sub.max indicates a maximum rotating
speed after the load dump and .phi..sub.fs indicates a rated
rotating speed. .alpha. indicates a constant and it is a value
within the range indicated in Formula (2).
0.ltoreq..alpha.<1 (2)
[0089] The switching rotating speed arithmetic unit 206 transmits
the fuel control switching rotating speed .phi..sub.c calculated by
the built-in calculator on the basis of Formulas (1) and (2) to the
fuel control unit 203 as information of the switching rotating
speed .phi..sub.c.
[0090] The fuel control unit 203 receiving the information from the
switching rotating speed arithmetic unit 206, in the switching
rotating speed .phi..sub.c, so that the switching of the combustion
form of the gas turbine combustor 2 from the independent diffusion
combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and
premix combustion is completed, as shown in FIG. 7, in accordance
with the reduction in the rotating speed of the gas turbine,
controls so as to reduce the diffusion combustion burner fuel flow
rate 17a which is fed via the diffusion combustion burner fuel
system 17 of the gas turbine combustor 2 and increase the premix
combustion burner fuel flow rate 18a which is fed via the premix
combustion burner fuel system 18 of the gas turbine combustor
2.
[0091] In the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of
this embodiment, a fuel flow ratio F.sub.d of the diffusion
combustion burner fuel fed to the diffusion combustion burner fuel
system 17 and a fuel flow ratio F.sub.p of the diffusion combustion
burner fuel fed to the premix combustion burner fuel system 18,
using the maximum rotating speed .phi..sub.max, the fuel control
switching rotating speed .phi..sub.c, the rotating speed .phi.
detected by the rotating speed detector 200, and a fuel flow ratio
F.sub.d1 of the diffusion combustion burner fuel after switching,
are calculated from Formulas (3), (4), and (5) indicated below.
[0092] Fuel flow ratio of diffusion combustion burner fuel: F.sub.d
(%) (.phi..sub.c<.phi..ltoreq..phi..sub.max)
[0092]
F.sub.d=(.phi.-.phi..sub.c)/(.phi..sub.max-.phi..sub.c).times.(10-
0-F.sub.d1)+F.sub.d1 (3) [0093] Fuel flow ratio of diffusion
combustion burner fuel: F.sub.d (%)
(.phi..sub.fs.ltoreq..phi..ltoreq..phi..sub.c)
[0093] F.sub.d=F.sub.d1 (4) [0094] Fuel flow ratio of premix
combustion burner fuel: F.sub.p (%)
[0094] F.sub.p=100-F.sub.d (5)
[0095] The relationship of the rotating speed of the gas turbine to
the fuel flow ratios of the diffusion combustion burner fuel and
premix combustion burner fuel is shown in FIG. 8.
[0096] The control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of this
embodiment is structured as mentioned above, thus the reliability
when switching the combustion form of the gas turbine combustor 2
from the independent diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion
of the diffusion combustion and premix combustion can be
improved.
[0097] When switching the combustion form of the gas turbine
combustor 2, if the operation of closing the control valve 20 of
the diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17 for feeding the
diffusion combustion burner fuel to the diffusion combustion burner
9 is faster than the operation of opening the control valve 20 of
the premix combustion burner fuel system 18 for feeding the premix
combustion burner fuel to the premix burner 10 of the gas turbine
combustor 2, for the flow rate of the compressed air 100 for the
rotating speed of the gas turbine, the premix combustion ratio is
increased transiently, and the premix flame 105 formed in the
combustion chamber 8 of the gas turbine combustor 2 becomes
unstable, and there is a possibility of flame loss.
[0098] Therefore, the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment, by use of the aforementioned
constitution, in accordance with the rotating speed of the gas
turbine, switches the combustion form of the gas turbine combustor
2 from the independent diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion
of the diffusion combustion and premix combustion, so that when the
rotating speed of the gas turbine is high, the diffusion combustion
ratio of high stability increases, and the flame stability is
ensured, and when the rotating speed of the gas turbine reduces,
the premix combustion ratio increases, thus the NOx emission
generated by the gas turbine combustor 2 can be reduced.
[0099] According to this embodiment, a method and an apparatus for
controlling a gas turbine combustor capable of ensuring combustion
stability immediately after the load dump of the gas turbine and
reducing the NOx emission due to the full speed no-load operation
after the load dump can be realized.
Embodiment 4
[0100] Next, the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor and
the control method of the gas turbine combustor of the fourth
embodiment of the present invention will be explained by referring
to FIGS. 9 and 10. The control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of the fourth embodiment of the present invention is
the same as that of the gas turbine combustor 2 of the first
embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 in the basic constitution, so that
the explanation common to the two is omitted and only the different
portions will be explained below.
[0101] FIG. 9 shows an entire drawing of the gas turbine unit for
power generation including the gas turbine combustor 2 which is the
fourth embodiment of the present invention and the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment, in addition to the constitution of
the gas turbine combustor 2 of the first embodiment, is structured
so as to install a bleed valve on-off detector 207 for detecting
opening or closing of a bleed valve 21 installed in the compressor
1 and a logic circuit 208 for deciding bleed valve on-off signals
detected respectively by the bleed valve on-off detector 207 and
the rotating speed detector 200 of the gas turbine and a detection
signal of the rotating speed of the gas turbine.
[0102] The bleed valve 21 installed in the compressor 1 is
installed in the middle of the flow path for connecting the
intermediate stage of the compressor 1 and the exhaust duct, and
the bleed valve 21 is opened, and a part of the compressed air 100
compressed by the compressor 1 is permitted to escape into the
exhaust duct, thus in the start-up and acceleration processes of
the gas turbine, the compressor 1 is prevented from surging.
[0103] The operation of the bleed valve 21, in the start-up and
acceleration processes of the gas turbine, totally opens the bleed
valve 21 and when the rotating speed of the gas turbine is at a
fixed value or higher, totally closes the bleed valve 21. If the
bleed valve 21 is totally closed, the flow rate of the compressed
air 100 flowing into the gas turbine combustor 2 increases.
[0104] Next, the operation of the bleed valve 21 at the time of
load dump of the gas turbine will be explained by referring to FIG.
10. As the rotating speed of the gas turbine, an opening angle 21a
of the bleed valve 21, and a compressed air flow rate 100a of the
compressor 1 are respectively shown in FIG. 10, at the time of load
dump of the gas turbine, the flow rate of the compressed air 100
flowing into the turbine 3 is reduced and the increase in the
rotating speed of the gas turbine is suppressed, so that the
opening angle 21a of the bleed valve 21 is controlled so as to be
totally opened simultaneously with the load dump.
[0105] Thereafter, if the rotating speed of the gas turbine starts
to reduce, the opening angle 21a of the bleed valve 21 is operated
so as to be totally closed. At this time, in accordance with the
totally closing operation of the opening angle 21a of the bleed
valve 21, the flow rate 100a of the compressed air 100 flowing into
the gas turbine combustor 2 increases, so that when the combustion
form of the gas turbine combustor 2 is the mixed combustion of the
diffusion combustion and premix combustion, on the downstream side
of the premix combustion burner 10, the mixing ratio of fuel and
air is lowered, and the premix flame 105 formed in the combustion
chamber 8 of the gas turbine combustor 2 becomes unstable, and
there is a possibility of flame loss.
[0106] Therefore, until the totally closing operation of the
opening angle 21a of the bleed valve 21 is finished, it is
desirable that the gas turbine combustor 2 is kept in the
independent diffusion combustion state of high stability.
[0107] Therefore, the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 9, from the bleed
valve on-off detector 207, the gas turbine rotating speed detector
200, and the information of the rotating speed of the gas turbine
preserved in the recorder 201 for preserving the information of the
rotating speed of the gas turbine, calculates the change with time
of the rotating speed of the gas turbine by the rotating speed
trend arithmetic unit 202 and checks, by the logic circuit 8, an
on-off signal of the bleed valve 21 detected by the bleed valve
on-off detector 207 and a change with time signal of the rotating
speed of the gas turbine calculated by the rotating speed trend
arithmetic unit 202.
[0108] The logic circuit 208, when the condition that the bleed
valve 21 is totally closed after the load dump of the gas turbine
and the rotating speed of the gas turbine starts to reduce is
effected, outputs an instruction signal to the fuel control unit
201.
[0109] The fuel control unit 201, upon receipt of the instruction
signal from the logic circuit 208, so that the combustion form of
the gas turbine combustor 2 is switched from the independent
diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion
combustion and premix combustion, controls so as to reduce the
diffusion combustion burner fuel flow rate 17a which is fed to the
diffusion combustion burner 9 of the gas turbine combustor 2 via
the diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17 and increase the
premix combustion burner fuel flow rate 18a which is fed to the
premix combustion burner 10 via the premix combustion burner fuel
system 18.
[0110] The control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of this
embodiment is structured as mentioned above, thus after completion
of the totally closing operation of the bleed valve 21 installed in
the compressor 1, the combustion form of the gas turbine combustor
2 can be switched to the mixed combustion of the diffusion
combustion and premix combustion. Therefore, by the totally closing
operation of the bleed valve 21, the premix flame 105 formed in the
combustion chamber 8 of the gas turbine combustor 2 can be
prevented from becoming unstable and losing the flame.
[0111] According to this embodiment, a method and an apparatus for
controlling a gas turbine combustor capable of ensuring combustion
stability immediately after the load dump of the gas turbine and
reducing the NOx emission due to the full speed no-load operation
after the load dump can be realized.
Embodiment 5
[0112] Next, the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor and
the control method of the gas turbine combustor of the fifth
embodiment of the present invention will be explained by referring
to FIG. 11. The control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of
the fifth embodiment of the present invention is the same as that
of the gas turbine combustor 2 of the first embodiment shown in
FIGS. 1 to 3 in the basic constitution, so that the explanation
common to the two is omitted and only the different portions will
be explained below.
[0113] FIG. 11 shows an entire drawing of the gas turbine including
the gas turbine combustor of the fifth embodiment of the present
invention and the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2
of this embodiment is structured so as to install, in place of the
rotating speed detector 200 of the gas turbine installed in the gas
turbine combustor 2 of the first embodiment, a timer circuit 209
for transmitting a signal to the fuel control unit 203 after a
predetermined period of time from the load dump of the gas
turbine.
[0114] According to the control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of this embodiment, the timer circuit 209 receiving the
load dump signal of the gas turbine transmits a signal to the fuel
control unit 203 after the predetermined period of time from the
load dump.
[0115] Namely, the timer circuit 209 is structured so as to preset
the time required for the rotating speed of the gas turbine to
increase once due to the load dump of the gas turbine to reduce on
a level free of trouble even if the combustion form of the gas
turbine combustor 2 is switched from the independent diffusion
combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and
premix combustion and output a signal after the preset time elapses
from the load dump.
[0116] And, the fuel control unit 203 receiving the output signal
from the timer circuit 209, so that the combustion form of the gas
turbine combustor 2 is switched from the independent diffusion
combustion to the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and
premix combustion, controls so as to reduce the diffusion
combustion burner fuel flow rate 17a which is fed to the diffusion
combustion burner 9 of the gas turbine combustor 2 via the
diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17 and increase the premix
combustion burner fuel flow rate 18a which is fed to the premix
combustion burner 10 via the premix combustion burner fuel system
18.
[0117] The signal delay time set in the timer circuit 209 should
preferably be a sufficient period of time for the rotating speed of
the gas turbine increased from the rated rotating speed due to the
load dump of the gas turbine to reduce again down to the rated
rotating speed and a short period of time as possible to reduce the
NOx emission in the independent diffusion combustion of the gas
turbine combustor 2 and concretely, should preferably be about 30
seconds.
[0118] The control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of this
embodiment is structured as mentioned above, thus a similar effect
to that of the gas turbine combustor 2 of Embodiment 1 can be
reproduced by the simple timer circuit 209, and the control logic
is simplified, thus the cost of the control apparatus can be
decreased.
[0119] According to this embodiment, a method and an apparatus for
controlling a gas turbine combustor capable of ensuring combustion
stability immediately after the load dump of the gas turbine and
reducing the NOx emission due to the full speed no-load operation
after the load dump can be realized.
Embodiment 6
[0120] Next, the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor and
the control method of the gas turbine combustor of the sixth
embodiment of the present invention will be explained by referring
to FIGS. 12 and 13. The control apparatus of the gas turbine
combustor 2 of the sixth embodiment of the present invention is the
same as that of the gas turbine combustor 2 of the first embodiment
shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 in the basic constitution, so that the
explanation common to the two is omitted and only the different
portions will be explained below.
[0121] FIG. 12 shows an entire drawing of the gas turbine unit for
power generation including the gas turbine combustor 2 that is the
sixth embodiment of the present invention and this embodiment is an
embodiment when the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor
2 having the aforementioned constitution is applied to a biaxial
gas turbine unit.
[0122] The biaxial gas turbine unit, as shown in FIG. 12, is a
biaxial gas turbine that the axis for connecting the compressor 1
and a high pressure turbine 22 and the axis for connecting the
generator 4 and a low pressure turbine 23 are two separated
axes.
[0123] The gas turbine combustor 2 of this embodiment includes the
detector 200 for detecting the rotating speed of the gas turbine in
the low pressure turbine 23.
[0124] FIG. 13 shows, at the time of the load dump of the gas
turbine in the control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 of
this embodiment, the changes with time of the diffusion combustion
burner fuel flow rate 17a and the premix combustion burner fuel
flow rate 18a which are fed via the diffusion combustion burner
fuel system 17 and the premix combustion burner fuel system 18 and
the changes with time of a turbine rotating speed 23a of the low
pressure turbine 23 and a turbine rotating speed 22a of the high
pressure turbine 22.
[0125] As shown in FIG. 13, in correspondence to the load dump of
the gas turbine, the turbine rotating speed 23a of the low pressure
turbine 23 connected to the generator 4 increases, so that to
suppress the increase in the rotating speed of the low pressure
turbine 23, the fuel flow rate fed to the gas turbine combustor 2
is reduced and the combustion form is switched to the independent
diffusion combustion.
[0126] The fuel flow rate fed to the gas turbine combustor 2 is
reduced, thus the rotating speed 23a of the low pressure turbine 23
is slowly reduced down to the rated rotating speed.
[0127] A detection signal of the turbine rotating speed of the low
pressure turbine 23 detected by the rotating speed detector 200 is
transmitted to the recorder 201 and the information of the rotating
speed of the low pressure turbine 23 is preserved by the recorder
201. From the information of the rotating speed of the low pressure
turbine preserved in the recorder 201, the change with time of the
rotating speed of the low pressure turbine is calculated by the
rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202.
[0128] When it is detected by the arithmetic unit 202 that the
rotating speed increased immediately after the load dump of the gas
turbine starts to reduce due to a reduction in the fuel flow rate,
a signal is transmitted to the fuel control unit 203 from the
rotating speed trend arithmetic unit 202. The fuel control unit 203
receiving the signal transmitted from the rotating speed trend
arithmetic unit 202, so that the combustion form of the gas turbine
combustor 2 is switched from the independent diffusion combustion
to the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and premix
combustion, controls so as to reduce the diffusion combustion
burner fuel flow rate 17a which is fed to the diffusion combustion
burner 9 of the gas turbine combustor 2 via the diffusion
combustion burner fuel system 17 and increase the premix combustion
burner fuel flow rate 18a which is fed to the premix combustion
burner 10 via the premix combustion burner fuel system 18.
[0129] The high pressure turbine 22 serves as a function of driving
the compressor 1, so that the fuel flow rate reduces after the load
dump of the gas turbine, thus the rotating speed reduces slowly.
Therefore, when the rotating speed 23a of the low pressure turbine
23 increases once, then starts to reduce, and approaches the rated
rotating speed, so as to switch the combustion form of the gas
turbine combustor 2 from the independent diffusion combustion to
the mixed combustion of the diffusion combustion and premix
combustion, increase the diffusion combustion burner fuel flow rate
17a and the premix combustion burner fuel flow rate 18a which are
fed to the diffusion combustion burner fuel system 17 and the
premix combustion burner fuel system 18, and increase again the
rotating speed 22a of the high pressure turbine 22 up to the rated
rotating speed, the fuel flow rate is controlled by the fuel
control unit 203.
[0130] The control apparatus of the gas turbine combustor 2 is
structured as this embodiment, thus even in the biaxial gas turbine
unit, the combustion form can be promptly switched from the
independent diffusion combustion to the mixed combustion of the
diffusion combustion and premix combustion after the load dump of
the gas turbine and the NOx emission in the full speed no-load
operation state can be reduced.
[0131] According to this embodiment, a method and an apparatus for
controlling a gas turbine combustor capable of ensuring combustion
stability immediately after the load dump of the gas turbine and
reducing the NOx emission due to the full speed no-load operation
after the load dump can be realized.
[0132] The present invention can be applied to the gas turbine
combustor.
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