U.S. patent application number 13/266407 was filed with the patent office on 2012-03-08 for functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement.
Invention is credited to Carlos Fradera Pellicer.
Application Number | 20120055102 13/266407 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42827504 |
Filed Date | 2012-03-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120055102 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Fradera Pellicer; Carlos |
March 8, 2012 |
Functional System for a Cement Mortar Panel with Prestressed
Biaxial Reinforcement
Abstract
This functional system for a cement mortar panel (102, 135, 160,
196, 216) with prestressed biaxial reinforcement (136, 161)
consists concretely of a system contributing to the physical and
formal and to the handling and use in conditions of maximum safety
and efficiency of a panel (102, 135, 160, 196, 216) of the type
prefabricated with cement mortar having prestressed biaxial
reinforcement (136, 161) in which the cement mortar panel has
embedded in the mass thereof versatile operating means (100, 157,
171, 175, 196, 217) on the panel ensemble (102, 135, 160, 196, 216)
allowing for the handling and/or fixing thereof to suspension means
to the structure of a building, of means controlling seismic
phenomena and the settling movements of the building, means
reducing damp inside the building and means reducing the
infiltration of damp inside the panel.
Inventors: |
Fradera Pellicer; Carlos;
(L'Aldosa-La Massana, AD) |
Family ID: |
42827504 |
Appl. No.: |
13/266407 |
Filed: |
March 26, 2010 |
PCT Filed: |
March 26, 2010 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/ES2010/000124 |
371 Date: |
October 26, 2011 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/167.1 ;
52/220.1; 52/223.6; 52/302.1; 52/578 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B 2/96 20130101; E04F
13/141 20130101; E04B 1/4121 20130101; E04F 13/0816 20130101; E04B
2/88 20130101; E04B 2001/4192 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/167.1 ;
52/223.6; 52/302.1; 52/220.1; 52/578 |
International
Class: |
E04C 5/08 20060101
E04C005/08; E04B 1/38 20060101 E04B001/38; E04C 2/52 20060101
E04C002/52; E04H 9/02 20060101 E04H009/02; E04B 1/70 20060101
E04B001/70 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 30, 2009 |
ES |
U200900620 |
Apr 30, 2009 |
ES |
U200900816 |
Nov 3, 2009 |
ES |
U200901521 |
Nov 3, 2009 |
ES |
U200901522 |
Claims
1. A functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed
biaxial reinforcement, suitable for closing the openings in a
building structure, which delimit the patios of said building and
which is formed by a cement mortar panel, said panel, having a
thickness of from 2 to 7 cms, includes a prestressed biaxial
reinforcement (136, 161) which is formed by two series of
prestressed cables (105) or rods, which are mutually parallel and
equidistant within one same series and said series cross each other
orthogonally without being fixedly attached to one another to form
a grid, characterized in that the cement mortar panel has embedded
in the mass thereof versatile operating means (100, 157, 171, 175)
on the panel ensemble (102, 135, 160, 181, 196, 216) allowing the
handling and/or attachment of said panel (102, 135, 160, 181, 196,
216) to suspension means (127, 137, 210, 224) to the structure of a
building, to means controlling seismic phenomena and the settling
movements of the building, to means for reducing damp inside the
building and to means reducing the infiltration of damp inside the
panel.
2. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed
biaxial reinforcement of claim 1, characterized in that the
versatile operating means on the panel ensemble (102) is
constituted by an oblong body formed by a thick flat bar which, in
omega shape, forms a central rectangular arch (111) which is
flanked by two lateral arms (112), which are symmetrical relative
to said central rectangular arch (111) and mutually coplanar and
form the main retaining means (106) of said body within the mortar,
the central portion of said central rectangular arch (111) having a
threaded through hole (114) for the sequential insertion of the
handling means (108) and the anchoring means (107) and a dimension
of the ensemble such as to allow said lateral arms (112) to be able
to be located in the medial internal region of said panel (102) in
which said biaxial reinforcement (136, 161) is located.
3. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed
biaxial reinforcement of claim 2, in which having a metallic
structure formed by vertical upright profiles (130) and horizontal
cross-member profiles (128), which, having the purpose of
facilitating the suspension of architectural panels in buildings
having a reinforced concrete structure, is characterized in that it
comprises a plurality of clamps (129) which, provided with stable
fixing means (140) to the edges (132) of the floor structure slabs
(133) of a reinforced concrete structure, are disposed
individually, in vertical alignment in said edges (132) to form
coaxially vertical guide rows for housing and retaining the upright
profiles (130) which are connected together by cross-members (128)
on which said suspension means (137) provided on the backs of the
architectural panels are seated and attached.
4. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed
biaxial reinforcement of claim 3, characterized in that said clamps
(129) are formed by a quadrangular bushing (142) or ring having
coplanar to one of the faces thereof two lugs (141), which
configure it in a bridge-like fashion, as fixing means of said
bushing (142) to said edge (132) of the floor structure slab (133)
in a position appropriate for the vertical passage of the upright
profiles (130), said clamps (129) including means for anchoring the
bushing (142) to said edge (132) of the building floor structure
slab (133), at the same time as the front face of said bushing
(142), being the one found in position opposite to the seating
surface of said bushing (142) on said edge (132) of the floor
structure slab (133), has a vertical elongated hole (145)
5. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed
biaxial reinforcement of claim 4, characterized in that the clamps
(129) are formed by a folded flat bar portion which, forming a
rectangular arch, extends orthogonally at both free ends thereof in
two coplanar symmetrical lugs (141) forming the horizontal fixing
means of the bushing (142) to the edge of the building floor
structure slab.
6. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed
biaxial reinforcement of claim 1, applied to prefabricated
bidirectionally prestressed cement mortar facade panels in concrete
structures, in which the closing structure comprises a first
horizontal metal profile (151) fixed longitudinally with a slight
overhang on the free facade edge of the floor structure slab (149)
with the insertion of a flexible impermeable sheet (150) covering
the thickness of the floor structure slab (149) and a second metal
profile (152) being the same as said first horizontal metal
profile, longitudinally fixed with a slight overhang under said
free facade edge of the floor structure slab (149) as a mirror
image of said first horizontal metal profile (151), said first and
second metal profiles (151, 152) of two adjacent floor structure
slabs (133) being connected together by upright metal profiles
(153), regularly spaced apart and anchored to said profiles (151,
152), characterized in that said upright metal profiles (153) are
rigidly fixed at the bottom ends thereof to said first horizontal
metal profile (151) mounted on the floor structure slab by screws,
while the attachment of said upright metal profiles (153) to said
upper horizontal metal profile (152) is effected, in a limited
loose-fitting fashion, in such a way that it is horizontally and
vertically slidable and is made by way of a fastening member (156)
of the group formed by self-tapping screws, rivets and nut and bolt
systems, fixed to the upper end of said upright metal profile (153)
through vertical elongated holes (155) formed in said upper
horizontal metal profile (152) and press fitted by the head of said
fastening member (156) in said upper horizontal metal profile
(152), said holes being of a greater width than the diameter of the
fastening member and of a length equal to the safety margin
contemplated for the settling of the floor structure slabs of the
concrete structure of the building.
7. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed
biaxial reinforcement of claim 6, characterized in that the length
L of said vertical elongated holes (155) provided in the side
portions (152B) of said upper horizontal metal profiles (152) is
the same as or greater than the distance D provided between the
upper ends of the upright metal profiles (153) and the base wall of
said upper horizontal metal profile (152).
8. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed
biaxial reinforcement of claim 1, which is applicable to the case
in which the versatile operating means on the panel ensemble (160)
is formed by plugs (157, 171, 175) formed by a short, thick body
(158, 173, 177), characterized in that the lateral region of said
short, thick body (158, 173, 177) is provided with irregularities
(174, 178) increasing the extent of the side surface (172, 176) of
said lateral region and the distance to be covered over said side
surface (172, 176) by any damp which may infiltrate in the space
which may have formed between said body (158, 173, 177) and the
cement mortar of said panel (160) in which it is inserted as a
result of thermal expansion and/or contraction.
9. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed
biaxial reinforcement of claim 8, characterized in that the short,
thick body (158, 173, 177) basically has a configuration in the
lateral region thereof of the group formed by conical surfaces,
cylindrical surfaces, oval surfaces and prismatic surfaces.
10. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 8, characterized in that
said surface irregularities in the lateral region of the short,
thick body (173) of said plugs (171) are formed by reliefs (174)
projecting from said side surface (172).
11. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 8, characterized in that
the surface irregularities in the lateral region of the short,
thick body (177) of said plugs (175) are formed by recesses (178)
below said side surface (172).
12. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 10, characterized in
that the reliefs of said surface irregularities (174, 178) on the
lateral region of the short, thick body (173, 177) of the plugs
have an annular configuration and are contained in mutually
parallel planes perpendicular to the axis of the short, thick body
(173, 177) of said plug (171, 175).
13. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 10, characterized in
that reliefs of said surface irregularities (174, 178) on the
lateral region of the short, thick body (158, 173, 177) of said
plugs (171, 175) follow helical paths with a direction of minimum
damp flow.
14. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 8, characterized in that
the external contact line between said plug (157, 171, 175) and the
cement mortar may be covered and closed with a washer (180)
constituting a sealing joint arrangement.
15. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 1, which is particularly
applicable to a wall for buildings having ecological features, in
which the facades of said buildings are of the type preferably
formed by prefabricated cement mortar panels (181) having a
thickness of about 3 cms which are fixed to a completely metallic
independent structure (182) or a metallic structure (182)
associated with a reinforced concrete structure (183) and which
form between said panels (181) and metallic structure (182, 183) a
ventilated chamber (184), characterized in that said facade support
structure (182, 183), being it metallic or mixed, has the front
surface thereof, which is the one comprised inside said ventilated
chamber and facing the back of the prefabricated facade panels
(181) forming said ventilated chamber (184), completely covered by
a breathable sheet (185), said sheet (185) being breathable only
with respect to the air and damp inside the building and
exclusively in one sole direction from the inside of the building
towards said ventilated chamber (184).
16. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 15, characterized in
that on the rear surface of the support structure (182, 183), which
is the one opposite the front surface of said structure (182, 183)
containing said breathable sheet, there is abutted a
water-repellent breathable board (188), which is provided with a
layer of foam mortar (189), also breathable, projected on said
abutment surface towards said rear surface of the structure.
17. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 15, characterized in
that a water-repellent board (188), having one of the faces thereof
covered with a projected layer of foam mortar (189), is abutted by
said covered face against the rear surface of said support
structure (182), said rear surface being the one opposite the front
face which is covered by said breathable sheet (185).
18. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 15, characterized in
that on the face of said water-repellent board (188) not having the
projected layer of foam mortar (189), there is abutted a support
frame (190) which, formed by two horizontal "U"-shaped profiles and
two vertical "C"-shaped profiles, houses a blanket (192) of
insulating material and which is optionally provided in the
uprights thereof with holes for the passage of cables and
pipes.
19. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 18, characterized in
that abutting the face of the "U" and "C"-shaped profile frame
(189) opposite to the face to which there is abutted the
water-repellant breathable board (188), there is an assembly of two
plasterboards (193, 194) abutted face-to-face, of which the board
(194) closer to the building interior is covered with a layer of
breathable paint (195).
20. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 18, characterized in
that said blanket (192) of insulating material consists of a
self-supporting semi-rigid material and is disposed between the
water-repellant breathable board (188) and the assembly of
plasterboards (193, 194), possibly without the support of said
metal profile frame (189).
21. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 16, characterized in
that said layer of breathable foam mortar (189) is configured by
materials of the group formed by cellulose fibers, rock wool,
fiberglass and synthetic fibers.
22. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 1, concretely an
anti-seismic device, which is specially applicable in the case in
which the prefabricated panels closing the structure (197) of a
building are placed against said structure (197) by means of a
plurality of fixing members formed by a threaded rod (200) which
engages, at one end, in the threaded through hole (114) of a
versatile plug (198, 198A, 217) embedded in said panel (196, 216)
and is fixed to said panel (196, 216) by a nut (201, 220), at the
same time as, at the other end, there is fixed thereto by
corresponding nuts (202, 221) and locknuts (203, 222) a polygonal
seating plate (209, 223) which fits at one of the edges thereof in
a channel (210, 224) of a support profile (211, 225) fixedly
attached to said building structure (197), characterized in that it
consists of locking means (212, 226) which removably stabilizes the
seating of said polygonal seating plate (209, 223) in the channel
(210, 224) of said support profile (211, 225) fixedly attached to
said building structure (197).
23. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 22, characterized in
that said locking means (212) is formed by a retaining profile
(213) which being fixedly and removably attached in cantilever
fashion to the building structure, has at the free end thereof a
resiliently flexible inverted channel (214) for engaging one side
of said polygonal seating plate (209) opposite to the side with
which it is engaged in said channel (210) of the support profile
fixedly attached to said building structure (197) to stabilize the
seating of said polygonal seating plate (209).
24. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 22, characterized in
that said polygonal seating plate (209) has abutting the face
thereof facing the support structure (197) and suspended on the
upper edge thereof astride said upper edge, locking means (226)
formed by a metal plate piece (227) having, in the centre thereof,
a window (228) through which there freely extends the fixing
locknut (222) of said polygonal seating plate (209) and a lower end
which is bent into a perpendicular tab (229) which, on the one
hand, seats on the upper face of a horizontal portion of the
angular support profile (225) fixedly attached to said structure
(197) and, on the other hand, is fixedly attached through said
horizontal portion of the angular support profile (225) to a
rigidifying profile (232) for said profile (225) which is snugly
fitted between the channel of said angular support profile (225)
and a vertical portion of said profile (225) fixedly attached to
the support structure (197).
25. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 24, characterized in
that the window (228) of said metal sheet piece (227) has
dimensions such allowing said positional fixing locknut (222) of
said polygonal seating plate (223) to project therethrough and the
rotation of the locknut (222) when handling it to fix the position
of said polygonal seating plate (223).
26. The functional system for a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement of claim 24, characterized in
that the rigidifying profile (232) has a rectangular rightangled
tubular configuration and has a length such that allows an
indefinite length of the angular support profile (225) of the group
formed by the whole of said length or a plurality of regularly
spaced apart independent portions thereof to be occupied.
Description
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a functional system for a
cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement. In the
invention, a system is understood to be an ensemble of items which,
when related together in an ordered fashion, contribute to the
general good quality of the said panel. On the other hand,
functional is understood to be all that relating to the design or
organization of the system which pursues the ease, utility and
convenience of its use.
[0002] To be precise it consists of a system of things of
substance, namely, of elements contributing to the functionality of
the system, to the physical, formal and functional constitution of
the ensemble, allowing it to be handled and used under maximum
safety and efficiency conditions, in its application to a panel of
the type prefabricated with cement mortar. In building
construction, the panel is for closing the openings in a building
structure, both the external openings, in which case it has the
visible face decorated to form the facade, and the internal
openings, in which case they do not need any decoration on the
visible face thereof, which delimit the patios of a building. The
panel is formed by a cement mortar panel which, having a thickness
of from 2 to 7 cms, includes a prestressed biaxial reinforcement
which is formed by two series of prestressed cables or rods, those
of one same series being mutually parallel and equidistant, while
the series cross each other orthogonally without being fixedly
attached to one another to form a reinforcement grid.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present applicant is the holder of international patent
application PCT/ES2007/000706, published under number WO
2008/139003, relating to a prefabricated cement mortar panel with
biaxial reinforcement comprising variants of elements of a
functional system which are compatible with or replaceable by new
elements having like functional or innovative features.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In the above-mentioned international patent application,
there were not included in the functional system thereof certain
aspects or elements which make the cement mortar panel to which
they are directed have improved comfort conditions, at the same
time as they enhance the stability and safety features thereof.
[0005] Without belittling the qualities of the said functional
system, the solution has been adopted of configuring some of the
elements of the previous system, such as the versatile operating
means, such that they become more neutral in their effects on the
outside of the panel and more resistant to climatic conditions, the
suspension means to the structure of a building provided with means
controlling seismic phenomena and the settling movements of the
building and the means of reducing damp inside the building.
[0006] In accordance with the foregoing solution, the functional
system object of the present invention has been developed,
consisting essentially in the cement mortar panel having embedded
in the mass thereof versatile operating means on the panel ensemble
allowing it to be handled and/or attached to suspension means to
the structure of a building, to means controlling seismic phenomena
and the settling movements of the building, to means for reducing
damp inside the building and to means reducing the infiltration of
damp inside the panel.
[0007] A feature of the invention is that the versatile operating
means on the panel ensemble, allowing it to be handled and/or
attached to suspension means to the structure of a building, is
constituted by an oblong body formed by a thick flat bar which, in
omega shape, forms a central rectangular arch which is flanked by
two lateral arms, which are symmetrical relative to said central
rectangular arch and mutually coplanar and form the main retaining
means of the body within the mortar, the central portion of the
central rectangular arch having a threaded through hole for the
sequential insertion of the handling means and the anchoring means
and a dimension of the ensemble such as to allow said lateral arms
to be able to be located in the medial internal region of the panel
in which the biaxial reinforcement is located.
[0008] A further feature of the invention, appropriate for a
metallic structure formed by vertical upright profiles and
horizontal cross-member profiles, and which has the purpose of
facilitating the suspension of architectural panels in buildings
having a reinforced concrete structure, consists of disposing a
plurality of clamps provided with stable fixing means to the edges
of the floor structure slabs of a reinforced concrete structure,
the clamps being disposed individually in vertical alignment in
said edges to form coaxially vertical guide rows for housing and
retaining the upright profiles which are connected together by
cross members on which the suspension means provided on the backs
of the architectural panels are seated and attached.
[0009] Further features related to the above, specify that, in one
case, the clamps are formed by a quadrangular bushing or ring
having coplanar to one of the faces thereof two lugs, which
configure it in a bridge-like fashion, as fixing means of the
bushing to the edge of the floor structure slab, in a position
appropriate for the vertical passage of the upright profiles, with
the lugs including means for anchoring the bushing to the edge of
the building floor structure slab. At the same time, the front face
of the bushing, which is opposite to the seating surface of the
bushing on the floor structure slab edge, has a vertical elongated
hole. In another case, the clamps are formed by a folded bar
portion which, forming a rectangular arch, extends orthogonally at
both free ends thereof in two symmetrical coplanar lugs forming the
horizontal fixing means of the bushing to the edge of the building
floor structure slab.
[0010] A further feature of the invention, applicable to the case
in which the versatile operating means on the panel ensemble
allowing the handling and/or fixing thereof to suspension means to
the structure of a building are formed by plugs formed by short,
thick bodies. Thereby, the lateral region of the short, thick body,
comprised between the retaining means and the anchoring means
having an end region flush with the surface of the hidden face of
the panel, has the side region thereof provided with irregularities
increasing the surface area thereof and the distance to be covered
thereover by any damp which may infiltrate in the space which may
have formed between said body and the cement mortar of the panel in
which it is inserted as a result of thermal expansion and/or
contraction.
[0011] Further features of the invention associated with the
foregoing consist of:
[0012] 1.--The short, thick body basically has a configuration in
the lateral region thereof of the group formed by conical surfaces,
cylindrical surfaces, oval surfaces and prismatic surfaces.
[0013] 2.--The surface irregularities in the lateral region of the
short, thick body of the plugs are formed by reliefs projecting
from the surface of said lateral region.
[0014] 3.--The surface irregularities in the lateral region of the
short, thick body of the plugs are formed by recesses below the
surface of said lateral region.
[0015] 4.--The projecting reliefs of the surface irregularities on
the lateral region of the short, thick body of the plugs have an
annular configuration and are contained in mutually parallel planes
perpendicular to the axis of the short, thick body of the plug.
[0016] 5.--The projecting reliefs of the surface irregularities on
the lateral region of the short, thick body of the plugs follow
helical paths with a direction of minimum damp flow.
[0017] 6.--The external contact line between the plug and the
cement mortar may be covered and closed with a washer including a
sealing joint arrangement.
[0018] A further feature of the invention, which is particularly
applicable to a wall for buildings having ecological features, the
facades whereof are of the type preferably formed by prefabricated
cement mortar panels having a thickness of about 3 cms which are
attached to a completely metallic independent structure or a
metallic structure associated with a reinforced concrete structure
and which form between said panels and metallic structure a
ventilated chamber, are defined by the fact that the facade support
structure, be it metallic or mixed, is completely covered by a
breathable sheet on the front surface thereof, which is the one
comprised inside the ventilated chamber and facing the back of the
prefabricated facade panels forming said ventilated chamber, said
sheet being breathable only with respect to the air and damp inside
the building and is breathable exclusively in one sole direction
from the inside of the building towards the ventilated chamber.
[0019] Further features of the invention which are intimately
related with each other and/or with the foregoing feature, are:
[0020] 1.--On the rear surface of the support structure, which is
the one opposite the front surface thereof containing the
breathable sheet, there is abutted a water-repellent breathable
board, the board being provided with a layer of foam mortar, also
breathable, projected on said abutment surface towards said rear
surface of the structure.
[0021] 2.--A water-repellent board, having one of the faces thereof
covered with a projected layer of foam mortar, is abutted by this
covered face against the rear surface of the support structure,
being the rear surface the one opposite the front surface which is
covered by the breathable sheet.
[0022] 3.--On the face of the water-repellent board not having the
layer of foam mortar, there is abutted a frame which, formed by two
horizontal "U"-shaped profiles and two vertical "C"-shaped
profiles, houses a blanket of insulating material and which is
optionally provided in the uprights thereof with holes for the
passage of cables and pipes.
[0023] 4.--Abutting the face of the "U" and "C"-shaped metal
profile frame opposite to the face abutting the water-repellent
breathable board, there is an assembly of two plasterboards abutted
face-to-face of which the board closer to the building interior is
covered with a layer of breathable paint.
[0024] 5.--The blanket of insulating material consists of a
self-supporting semi-rigid material which is disposed between the
water-repellent breathable board and the assembly of plasterboards,
possibly without the support of the metal profile frame.
[0025] 6.--The breathable foam mortar is reinforced by materials of
the group formed by cellulose fibers, rock wool, fiberglass and
synthetic fibers.
[0026] A further feature of the invention is to be found in the
fact that an anti-seismic device, which is specially applicable
where the prefabricated panels closing the structure of a building
are placed against the structure by means of a plurality of fixing
members formed by a threaded rod which engages, at one end, in the
threaded through hole of a versatile plug embedded in the panel and
is attached thereto by a nut, at the same time as, at the other end
thereof, there is fixedly attached thereto by nuts and locknuts, a
polygonal seating plate which engages at one edge thereof a channel
of a support profile fixedly attached to the building structure,
consists of locking means which releasably stabilize the seating of
the polygonal plate in the channel of the support profile fixedly
attached to the building structure.
[0027] Further features of the invention forming embodiments and
details thereof are described below:
[0028] 1.--The locking means are formed by a retaining profile
which being releasably fixedly attached in overhanging fashion to
the building structure, has at the free end thereof a resiliently
flexible inverted channel for engaging one side of the polygonal
seating plate, opposite to the side with which it is seated in the
channel of the support profile, fixedly attached to the building
structure to stabilize the seating of said polygonal plate.
[0029] 2.--The polygonal plate has abutting the face thereof facing
the support structure and suspended on the upper edge of the
polygonal plate astride this edge, locking means formed by a metal
plate piece having, in the centre thereof, a window through which
there freely extends the fixing locknut of said polygonal seating
plate and a lower end which is bent into a perpendicular tab. The
polygonal tab seats, on the one hand, on the upper face of a
horizontal portion of the angular support profile fixedly attached
to the structure and, on the other hand, is fixedly attached
through said horizontal portion of the angular support profile to a
rigidifying profile for the latter which is snugly fitted between
the channel of said angular support profile and a vertical portion
thereof fixedly attached to the support structure.
[0030] 3.--The window of the metal sheet piece has dimensions such
as to allow the positional fixing locknut of the polygonal seating
plate to project therethrough and the rotation of the locknut when
handling it to fix the position of said polygonal seating
plate.
[0031] 4.--The rigidifying profile has a rectangular rightangled
tubular configuration and has a length such that allows an
indefinite length of the angular support profile of the group
comprising the whole of said length or a plurality of regularly
spaced apart independent portions thereof to be occupied.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] To facilitate the understanding of the foregoing ideas, at
the same time as various details of a constructive nature are
disclosed, there is described hereinbelow an embodiment of the
present invention, with reference to the drawings accompanying this
specification. In view of their primordially illustrative nature,
these drawings must be understood to be lacking in any limiting
scope relative to the breadth of the legal protection requested. In
the drawings:
[0033] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a versatile
plug according to the present invention.
[0034] FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of the
means allowing the panel to be handled when attached to the
versatile plug.
[0035] FIG. 3 is a partly section side elevation view of an
anchoring point of a panel to a building support structure.
[0036] FIG. 4 is a partly section side elevation view of a point of
the panel where there is a plug attached to a handling means such
as that of FIG. 2.
[0037] FIG. 5 is a partly sectional side elevation view of the
arrangement of a panel when being stripped from the mold.
[0038] FIG. 6 is a cross section view of an embodiment of the
structure of the invention where there is to be seen a clamp
variant, an upright and a cross-member variant, all connected by
the clamps to the floor structure slabs of a reinforced concrete
building structure and a cement mortar panel having biaxially
prestressed reinforcement suspended in said structure.
[0039] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a detail of one of the
possible embodiments of a clamp once attached to the edge of a
floor structure slab of a reinforced concrete building structure
and the retained position therein of an upright, drawn in dashed
line to facilitate the view of the clamp.
[0040] FIG. 8 is, like FIG. 7, a detail of a second one of the
possible embodiments of a clamp once attached to the edge of a
floor structure slab of a reinforced concrete building structure
and the retained position therein of an upright, drawn in dashed
line to facilitate the view of the clamp.
[0041] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a floor structure slab
showing the lower ends of a number of metal upright profiles
anchored at the lower end thereof to a lower horizontal metal
profile and a further number of metal upright profiles anchored at
the upper end thereof to an upper horizontal metal profile, both
horizontal metal profiles being mounted to one same floor structure
slab.
[0042] FIG. 10 is a cross section view of a detail of the way of
attachment, with possibility of movement, of the upper end of an
upright metal profile at a point of the upper horizontal metal
profile, in a situation where no settling of the reinforced
concrete structure has occurred.
[0043] FIG. 11 is a cross section view of the way, after a settling
movement of the concrete structure has occurred, in which the
attachment of the upper end of an upright metal profile, shown in
the previous figure, remains, where said upper end is located in
the vicinity of the base wall of the upper horizontal metal
profile.
[0044] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a cement
mortar panel, with a plug formed by a short, thick body according
to an embodiment prior to the one of the present invention.
[0045] FIG. 13, similar to FIG. 6, shows a plug formed by a short,
thick body according to an embodiment of the present invention,
where the irregularities project from the lateral region
thereof.
[0046] FIG. 14, similar to FIG. 7, shows a plug formed by a short,
thick body according to an embodiment of the present invention,
where the irregularities form recesses in the lateral region
thereof.
[0047] FIG. 15 is a vertical section view of a part of an
embodiment of a complex wall of the invention.
[0048] FIG. 16 is a partial perspective and sequentially sectional
view of a part of a complex wall like the one shown in the previous
figure, seen from the outside.
[0049] FIG. 17 is a partially sectional side elevation view of two
anchoring points of a like number of adjacent panels abutting a
building support structure, all provided with the antiseismic
device of the invention.
[0050] FIG. 18 is a partially sectional side elevation view of an
anchoring point of a panel in an angular support section according
to the object of the invention.
[0051] FIG. 19 is a front elevation view of a detail of the sheet
metal piece where the disposition of the window and its relation
with the fixing locknut for positioning of the polygonal seating
plate is to be seen.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0052] FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a versatile plug 100
constructed according to the present invention. The versatile plug
100 is formed by a single piece made by successive die stamping and
folding operations on a thick flat bar. The purpose of this is to
obtain an oblong body which formed as a rectangular omega forms a
central rectangular arch 111 constituting the anchoring means 107.
The central rectangular arch 111 is flanked by two lateral arms 112
constituting the retaining means 106. These retaining means 106 are
symmetrical relative to the central rectangular arch 111 and are
mutually coplanar. The retaining means 106 form the main retaining
means of the oblong body in the mass of the mortar. Likewise, the
central portion 113 of said central rectangular arch 111, acting as
anchoring means 107, has a central threaded through hole 114 for
sequential insertion of the handling means 108 of FIG. 2 and the
fixing means 109 of FIG. 3.
[0053] As shown in FIG. 3, between the outer plane A of the central
portion 113 which is flush with the hidden face 104 of the panel
102 and the coplanar outer plane B of the two side arms 112, the
versatile plug 100 has a dimension D such as to allow said side
arms 112 to be located in the medial inner region of the panel 102
where the cables 105 or rods of the biaxial reinforcement are to be
found.
[0054] The figures show that the oblong body is formed by a flat
bar, preferably of ferric material such as steel, without excluding
other materials. The flat bar may be shaped by a series of
die-stamping and pressing operations, without excluding in any case
the possibility of forming it by lost-wax casting or other
process.
[0055] In the majority of cases, the oblong body consists of a
single solid piece having the convex and concave transverse edges
115 thereof rounded.
[0056] FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the handling means 108 for the
panel 102. After being engaged with the versatile plug 100, the
handling means 108 allows the versatile plug 100 to be handled for
insertion thereof in the panel 102 in the molding stage thereof.
Finally, it allows the demolding and transportation of the panel
102, when in the position shown in FIG. 4.
[0057] This handling means 108 for the panel 102 is formed by a
steel rod 116 having one end 117 threaded, which may be releasably
engaged in the threaded through hole 114 provided in the central
portion 113 of the central rectangular arch 111 of the versatile
plug 100. At the other end, the handling means 108 is provided with
a throat 118 which, as shown in FIG. 5, is for allowing it to be
held by the grippers 119A of a transporter 119. In an initial
operation, the transporter 119 inserts the versatile plugs 100 in
the body of the mass of fresh mortar deposited in the forming mould
120 for the panel 102 on a texture plate 120A in an environment
closed by a closure plate 121 for the open end of the mould 120. In
subsequent operations the handling means 108 allows the panel 102
to be removed from the mould 120 and be transported to the setting
facilities and, from the setting facilities, to the store and/or
job site.
[0058] As shown in FIG. 3, in the operation of seating the panel
102 in the cross-members 128 fixedly attached to uprights 110 to
form a building structure, fixing members 109 are inserted in the
threaded through holes 114 of the central rectangular arch 111.
These fixing members 109 are formed by a threaded rod 122 which
engages, at one end, in the threaded through hole 114 of the
central portion 113 of the central rectangular arch 111 and is
fixed thereto by a nut 123, at the same time as there is fixed
thereto at the other end by respective nuts 124 and locknuts 125 a
seating plate 126 which engages in a channel 127 of a support
cross-member profile 128 fixedly attached to the uprights 110 of a
building structure.
[0059] FIG. 6 shows a possible application to a building structure
134, wherein there is to be seen a variant of clamp 129, an upright
130 and a variant of cross-member 131, all connected, through the
clamps 129, to the edges 132 of the floor structure slab 133 of the
reinforced concrete building structure 134 and a cement mortar
panel 135 having biaxially prestressed reinforcement 136 suspended
on said building structure 134.
[0060] The cross-members 131, for supporting the outwardly
projecting suspension means 137, in one case, may adopt a double
angle configuration or, in other cases, as shown in FIGS. 15 and
16, the configuration of a flat "C" shaped rail with openings in
the upper edge for the insertion of the seating plates 138 of the
suspension means 137 anchored to the plugs 139 embedded in the
panel 135 between the biaxially prestressed reinforcements 136.
[0061] The same FIG. 6 shows how the clamps 129 are fixed to the
edges 132 of the floor structure slabs 133 by nails 140 or other
anchoring means in concrete which pass through the lugs 141 of the
clamps 129. At the same time (see FIGS. 7 and 8), in the
quadrangular bushing 142 associated with said lugs 141, there is
housed the upright 130 which is fixed to said quadrangular bushing
142 by anchoring members 143 or other means passing through the
front face 144 of the quadrangular bushing 142 through an elongated
hole 145 provided in the front face 144. The elongated hole 145
allows for the limited sliding of the clamp 129 during the settling
movements, without them affecting the arrangement of the facade
panels.
[0062] FIG. 7 shows the case in which the clamp 129 is formed by a
quadrangular bushing 142 which is fixedly attached to a flat bar
146. The free ends of the flat bar 146 form the lugs 141 provided
with holes for the passage of the anchoring means to the edge 132
of the floor structure slab 133 of the reinforced concrete building
structure 134, by way of the nails 140. The front face 144 of the
quadrangular bushing 142 has the said elongated hole 145 for
anchorage of the upright 130.
[0063] FIG. 8 shows the case in which the clamp 129A is formed by a
folded flat bar portion 147 which, forming a bushing 142 open in
the form of a square arch 148, extends perpendicularly at both free
ends thereof in two lugs 141 which are coplanar and symmetrical.
Furthermore, both lugs 141 are provided with holes for the passage
of nails 140 forming the fixing means of the open bushing 142 to
the edge 132 of the floor structure slab 133 of the building
structure. At the same time, the bushing 142 houses the upright 130
and holds it tight by means of the anchoring means 143 through the
elongated hole 145.
[0064] FIG. 9 shows a way of carrying out according to the
invention the closing structure for the construction, which
consists of disposing on the floor structure slab 149 a flexible
impermeable sheet 150 formed, for example, of an elastomeric
material such as butyl.
[0065] This sheet 150 is mounted on the floor structure slab 149
with an upper edge region 150A overlapping the floor 149 and
allowing the rest of the sheet 150 to hang, covering a central
portion 150B of the edge of the floor structure slab 149, while
another lower edge region 150C is left suspended. The said upper
edge portion 150A serves as seat for a lower horizontal metal
profile 151, which is called lower relative to the opening of an
upper floor, which is installed with a slight overhang relative to
the edge of the floor structure slab 149 and is fixed thereto by a
screw. The lower horizontal metal profile 151 is complemented in
coplanar fashion by an upper horizontal metal profile 152, which is
called upper relative to the opening of a lower floor. At the same
time the lower edge region 150C of the sheet 150 covers the side of
the upper horizontal metal profile 152, located on the lower face
of the same floor structure slab 149.
[0066] The lower 151 and upper 152 horizontal metal profiles,
located in one same opening between two successive floor structure
slabs 149, are for supporting upright metal profiles 153 and, as
"U" shaped profiles, have, respectively, base walls 151A and 152A
and side portions 151B and 152B.
[0067] As shown in FIG. 9, the lower horizontal metal profiles 151
are provided in the side portions 151B thereof with holes 154 for
the passage of anchoring screws for the lower ends 153A of the
upright metal profiles 153. At the same time, see FIGS. 10 and 11,
the upper ends 153B of these upright metal profiles 153 are fixed
to the corresponding side portions 152B of the upper horizontal
metal profile 152 by an arrangement formed by two vertical
elongated holes 155, provided transversely in said side portions
152B and screws 156 which pass through said vertical elongated
holes 155 and are fixed at the upper end 153B of the upright metal
profile 153. These screws 156 may be any type of screws, rivets,
pins or any retaining means allowing for mutual movement originated
by the presence of stresses caused by the settling of the
reinforced concrete structured building.
[0068] FIG. 10 shows a form of fixing with possibility of movement
of the upper end 153B of an upright metal profile 153 up to the
base wall 152A of the upper horizontal metal profile 152. In the
situation shown no settling of the reinforced concrete structure of
the floor slabs 149 has taken place. In this situation the length L
of the vertical elongated holes 155 provided in the side portions
152B of the upper horizontal metal profiles 152 is the same as or
greater than the distance D, provided between the upper end 153B of
the upright metal profile 153 and the base wall 152A of the upper
horizontal metal profile 152, for the case in which settling of the
reinforced concrete structure of the building takes place.
[0069] FIG. 11 shows the state, after the occurrence of a settling
movement of the concrete structure, of the fixing of the upper end
153B of an upright metal profile 153 shown in the previous figure.
In this situation, said upper end 1536 moves upwards to become
located in the proximity of the base wall 152A of the upper
horizontal metal profile 152.
[0070] FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 show examples of a plug which, made
according to the art of the applicant for the present invention,
constitutes the means for fixing a cement mortar panel with
prestressed biaxial reinforcement to a building structure. The
fixing means is inserted in the mortar mass before setting thereof
inside the mesh formed by the reinforcement members in such a way
that the retaining means of the fixing means is housed in said
mortar mass slightly below the prestressed reinforcement members
and short of the visible surface of the panel. In turn, the means
for anchoring to the building structure has a region flush with the
surface of the hidden face of the panel.
[0071] FIG. 12 shows a plug 157, already disclosed by the applicant
for the present invention, which is formed by a short, thick body
158 having the retaining means 159 to the cement mortar mass
forming the panel 160. The retaining means 159 is located on the
prestressed biaxial reinforcement members 161 and distant from the
visible face 162 of the panel 160. At the same time the body 158
has the anchoring means 163 with its threaded axial hole 168 in a
region flush with the surface of the hidden face 169 of the panel
160. It should be noted that the body 158 has a tapered side
surface 170, thereby improving its retention in the panel 160.
[0072] FIG. 13 shows a plug 171 having the same features as the
plug 157 of FIG. 12, except that the side surface 172 of the short,
thick body 173 thereof is provided with reliefs 174 projecting from
said side surface 172. In the case shown, the reliefs have an
annular configuration, without excluding that they may adopt other
configurations such as, for example, a spiral one.
[0073] FIG. 14 shows a plug 175 having the same features as the
plug 157 of FIG. 12, except that the side surface 176 of the short,
thick body 177 thereof is provided with recesses 178 below the
level of said side surface 176. In the case shown, the recesses
have an annular configuration, without excluding that they may
adopt other configurations such as, for example, a spiral one.
[0074] The external line 179 of contact between the plug 157, 171
and 175 and the cement mortar of the panel 160 may be covered and
closed with a resilient washer 180 forming a sealing gasket
arrangement.
[0075] It is not excluded that some reliefs projecting from the
side surface may be combined with others which do not. Likewise, it
is not excluded that the short, thick body 158, 173, 177 in all
cases may have basically a configuration in the side region thereof
of the group comprising tapered surfaces, cylindrical surfaces,
oval surfaces and prismatic surfaces.
[0076] FIGS. 15 and 16 show a complex wall in which the facades
thereof are of the type formed preferably by prefabricated cement
mortar panels 181 having a thickness of around three centimeters.
The prefabricated panels 181 are fixed to an independent completely
metallic support structure or to a metallic support structure 182
associated with a reinforced concrete support structure having the
form of a floor structure slab 183, a ventilated chamber 184 being
formed between said panels 181 and metallic support structure
182.
[0077] The support structure 182 of the facade, be it metallic or
mixed, has the front surface thereof, which is comprised inside the
ventilated chamber 184 and facing the back of the prefabricated
facade panels 181 with which said ventilated chamber 184 is formed,
covered by a breathable sheet 185. The sheet 185 is breathable only
with respect to the air and damp of the building interior and
exclusively one way from the interior of the building to the
ventilated chamber 184.
[0078] In the case of a mixed support structure 182, such as the
one shown in the figures and in greater detail in FIG. 16, it
should be noted that the floor structure slabs 183 form the
constructional part of the mixed support structure, while the other
metallic part 182 of the same structure is formed by "U" shaped
metal profiles 186, as cross members. These metal profiles 186 are
fixed to the facing surfaces of two contiguous floor structure
slabs 183 and disposed with their concave sides facing each other,
the latter being connected by "C" shaped metal profiles 187 as
uprights.
[0079] A water-repellent breathable board 188 is abutted to the
rear surface of the metallic support structure 182, which is the
surface opposite the one bearing the breathable sheet 185. The
board 188 is provided with a layer of foam mortar 189 which is also
breathable, projected on said abutment face towards the metallic
support structure 182.
[0080] The water-repellent breathable board 188, which abuts the
metallic support structure 182 with the face having the projected
layer of foam mortar 189, also abuts with the other face thereof a
support frame 190 of "C" shaped metal profiles 191. The support
frame 190 holds inside, parallel to said water-repellent board 188,
a blanket 192 of an insulating material which being made from a
self-supporting semirigid material, allows the possibility of not
having the support provided by said support frame 190.
[0081] Thereafter, abutting the face of said support frame 190 of
"C" shaped metal profiles 191, opposite the one against which the
water-repellent breathable board 188 is placed, there is disposed
an assembly of two plaster boards 193 and 194 abutting each other,
among which, the board 194, which is the one closer to the interior
of the building, being covered with a layer of breathable paint
195.
[0082] The breathable foam mortar 189 is reinforced with materials
of the group formed by cellulose fibers, rock wool, fiberglass and
synthetic fibers.
[0083] As shown in FIG. 17, in the operation of seating the panels
196 and 196A in a building structure 197, fixing members 199 are
inserted in the threaded holes of an omega-shaped versatile plug
198 or a cylindrical versatile plug 198A. These fixing members 199
are formed by a threaded rod 200 which is engaged, at one end, in
the threaded hole of the central portion of the central rectangular
arch of the omega-shaped versatile plug 198 or the threaded axial
hole of the cylindrical versatile plug 198A and is fixed thereto by
a nut 201. At the same time, in both cases, there is fixed thereto
at the other end thereof by corresponding nuts 202 and locknuts 203
a polygonal seating plate 209 which engages in a channel 210 of a
support profile 211 fixedly attached to the structure 197 of a
building.
[0084] Up to here there has been described the application of the
object of Utility Model n.degree. ES 1 068 863, to which there is
added hereinafter the description of the object of the invention.
As indicated above, the object consists of disposing locking means
212 which removably resiliently and flexibly stabilizes the seating
of the polygonal seating plate 209 in the channel 210 of the
support profile 211 fixedly attached to the building structure
197.
[0085] The said locking means 212 consists of a retaining profile
213 which is removably fixedly attached in cantilever fashion to
the building structure 197. In conditions of resilience and
flexibility the retaining profile 213 has, at the free end thereof,
an inverted channel 214 for engaging one side of the polygonal
seating plate 209. This side is opposite the side with which it is
seated in the channel 210 of the support profile 211 fixedly
attached to the building structure 197.
[0086] Under these assembly conditions of the panels 196 and 196A,
the arrangement of the support 211 and retaining 213 profiles in
cantilever fashion confers on the installation thereof adequate
resilience and flexibility to allow slight movements of the panels
196 and 196A without harming the stability of the panels 196 and
196A in the building structure 197.
[0087] Obviously, the fixing of the support 211 and retaining 213
profiles to the structure 197 by screws 215 allows the installation
to be readily recomposed in case of deterioration of any of the
panels or remodeled for needs of space or appearance, without
excluding, thereby, that such profiles may be replaced by other
members of like functionality.
[0088] Likewise, the polygonal seating plate 209, which will
preferably have a rectangular or square shape, may adopt other
configurations, without excluding in an extreme case the circular
configuration understood as polygonal of an infinite number of
sides.
[0089] Also, the versatile plugs may be of a configuration other
than the one described, provided always that they have a threaded
hole for the insertion of the threaded rod 200 or have an
equivalent member.
[0090] As shown in FIG. 18, in one example of the operation of
seating the panels 216 in a building structure 197, there are
inserted in the threaded holes of a short, thick bodied versatile
plug 217, of an omega-shaped versatile plug or other similar type,
fixing members 218 formed by a threaded rod 219 which engages, at
one end, in the threaded axial hole of the versatile plug 217 and
is fixed to the plug 217 by a nut 220. Likewise, in both cases,
there is fixed thereto at the other end thereof by respective nuts
221 and locknuts 222 a polygonal seating plate 223 which engages in
a channel 224 of an angular support profile 225 fixedly attached to
the building structure 197.
[0091] Also up to here there has been described the way in which a
fixing point of a panel 216 was installed in the building 197 up to
date. Hereinafter there will be described the object of the
invention consisting of disposing locking means 226 which,
removably, rigidly stabilizes the seating of the polygonal seating
plate 223 in the channel 224 of the angular support profile 225
fixedly attached to the building structure 197.
[0092] According to the device of the invention, the polygonal
seating plate 223 is provided with locking means 226 abutting the
face A thereof, which is the surface facing the support structure
of the building 197, and suspended from the upper edge B of the
polygonal seating plate 223, riding thereon. The locking means 226
consists of a metal sheet piece 227 provided in the centre thereof
with a window 228 through which there freely projects the locknut
222 for fixing said polygonal seating plate 223 and with a lower
end which is bent perpendicularly to form a tab 229. The tab 229,
on the one hand, seats on the upper surface of a horizontal portion
230 of the angular support profile 225 fixedly attached to the
building structure 197 and, on the other hand, is fixedly attached
by a screw 231 or other means, through said horizontal portion 230
of the angular support profile 225 to a rigidifying profile 232 for
the latter. The rigidifying profile 232 is located in fitted
fashion between the channel 224 of said angular support profile 225
and a vertical portion 233 thereof fixedly attached to the building
structure.
[0093] As shown in FIG. 19 and gathered from FIG. 18, the window
228 of the metal sheet piece 227 has dimensions allowing the
locknut 222 for positional fixing of the polygonal seating plate
224 to project therethrough and the rotation of said locknut 222 at
the time of manipulating it to fix the position of said polygonal
seating plate 223.
[0094] It should be pointed out that the rigidifying profile 232 is
of right rectangular tubular configuration and of an indefinite
length such as to allow a length of the angular support profile 225
of the group formed by the whole of said length or a plurality of
independent portions thereof which are regularly spaced apart to be
occupied. Likewise, another type of profile could be used, and even
tabs die punched out from the angular support profile 225 itself
which were disposed perpendicularly just below the horizontal
portion 230 including on the wall of the channel 224.
* * * * *