U.S. patent application number 13/236003 was filed with the patent office on 2012-01-26 for automatic settlement of user account from a remote kiosk.
This patent application is currently assigned to TIO Networks Corporation. Invention is credited to Roy Goncalves, Sandra Hartfield, Jack Madrid, Hamed Shahbazi.
Application Number | 20120023019 13/236003 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37997730 |
Filed Date | 2012-01-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120023019 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hartfield; Sandra ; et
al. |
January 26, 2012 |
Automatic Settlement of User Account From a Remote Kiosk
Abstract
A transaction kiosk collects cash from a user and then
electronically negotiates with the user's creditor to settle a
balance on an account with the creditor. The bank recognizes the
cash deposited in the transaction kiosk by the user as security for
the settlement amount. The cash deposited in the transaction kiosk
is considered a cash asset owned by the bank and available to
satisfy depositor claims. A transaction processor brokers the
transaction between the user of the transaction kiosk, the surety
bank, and the creditor.
Inventors: |
Hartfield; Sandra; (Indian
Wells, CA) ; Madrid; Jack; (Colton, CA) ;
Shahbazi; Hamed; (Vancouver, CA) ; Goncalves;
Roy; (New Westminster, CA) |
Assignee: |
TIO Networks Corporation
Vancouver
CA
|
Family ID: |
37997730 |
Appl. No.: |
13/236003 |
Filed: |
September 19, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11329480 |
Jan 10, 2006 |
8025213 |
|
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13236003 |
|
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60732339 |
Oct 31, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
705/43 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06Q 20/102 20130101;
G06Q 20/18 20130101; G07F 19/202 20130101; G06Q 20/1085 20130101;
G07F 19/20 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
705/43 |
International
Class: |
G06Q 10/00 20120101
G06Q010/00; G06Q 40/00 20120101 G06Q040/00 |
Claims
1. A method comprising: validating a first amount of fund deposit
at a remote location; physically securing the fund deposit at the
remote location by holding the fund deposit within a kiosk at the
remote location; and communicating information about the first
amount with an intermediary to update a record of a second amount
of fund available to the intermediary by including a portion of the
first amount of the fund within the second amount; wherein the
ownership of the fund deposit is separated from the ownership of
other physical assets of the kiosk and the fund deposit is owned by
the intermediary.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of physically securing
further comprises holding the fund deposit within a vault in the
kiosk.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the ownership of the vault is
separated from the ownership of the other physical assets of the
kiosk and the vault is owned by the intermediary.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the second amount of fund is used
to satisfy a claim against a user depositing the fund deposit.
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising leveraging the first
amount to secure a payment on behalf of the user to a creditor of
the user.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the record is updated before the
fund deposit is physically removed from the remote location.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the intermediary is a bank.
8. A method comprising: validating a first amount of fund deposit
by a debtor at a remote location; physically securing the fund
deposit by the debtor in a kiosk at the remote location; wherein
the ownership of the fund deposit is separated from the ownership
of other physical assets of the kiosk and the fund deposit is owned
by an intermediary; and transmitting data including the first
amount from the location to the intermediary to update a record of
a second amount of fund available to the intermediary by including
the first amount of the fund deposit physically secured at the
remote location within the second amount.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising transmitting a
confirmation from the remote location to a creditor in settlement
of an account of the debtor with the creditor.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the settlement is secured by the
validated first amount of fund deposit while the fund deposit is
physically secured at the location.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of physically securing
further comprises holding the fund deposit in a vault within the
kiosk.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the intermediary is a bank.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the record is updated before the
fund deposit is physically removed from the location.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of transmitting the
confirmation further comprises transmitting the confirmation to the
creditor.
15. The method of claim 9 further comprising transmitting data
regarding the settlement from the remote location to the
intermediary.
16. The method of claim 9 further comprising receiving data
identifying a balance of the account of the debtor from the
creditor.
17. The method of claim 9 further comprising charging a transaction
fee to the debtor.
18. The method of claim 9 further comprising returning a third
amount to the debtor, wherein the third amount is the difference
between the first amount, a balance of the account of the debtor,
and any transaction fee.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the third amount is returned to
the debtor in the form of a prepaid convenience card.
20. The method of claim 8 further comprising allocating a portion
of the second amount of fund to settle the account of the
debtor.
21. A method comprising: receiving data at the intermediary from a
remote location via a network, the data including a first amount of
a fund deposit by a user validated and physically secured at the
remote location in a kiosk wherein the ownership of the fund
deposit is separated from other physical assets of the kiosk and
the fund deposit is owned by the intermediary; and updating a
record of a second amount of fund available to the intermediary
using a processor to satisfy depositor claims by including the
first amount of the fund deposit physically secured at the remote
location within the second amount.
22. The method of claim 21 further comprising receiving data
identifying a balance of the account from the creditor.
23. The method of claim 21 further comprising receiving
notification at the intermediary of a confirmation issued to a
creditor that the intermediary will, on behalf of the user, settle
an account of the intermediary with the creditor, wherein
settlement is secured by the first amount of the fund deposit.
24. The method of claim 23 further comprising remitting payment by
the intermediary to the creditor with fund from the second amount
in settlement of the account of the user.
25. The method of claim 21 wherein the record is updated before the
fund deposit is physically removed from the remote location.
26. One or more tangible computer-readable storage media storing
computer executable instructions for performing a computer process
on a computing system, the computer process comprising: validating
a first amount of fund deposit by a debtor at a remote location;
physically securing the fund deposit by the debtor in a kiosk at
the remote location; wherein the ownership of the fund deposit is
separated from the ownership of other physical assets of the kiosk
and the fund deposit is owned by an intermediary; transmitting data
including the first amount from the location to the intermediary to
update a record of a second amount of fund available to the
intermediary by including the first amount of the fund deposit
physically secured at the transaction location within the second
amount.
27. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of
claim 26 further comprising: receiving a second set of data from
the remote location via the network, the second set of data
including a request to pay an account of the debtor with a
creditor; transmitting a confirmation to the creditor that the
intermediary will, on behalf of the debtor, settle the account of
the debtor with the creditor, wherein settlement is secured by the
first amount of the fund deposit.
28. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of
claim 27 further comprising transmitting notification of the
confirmation to the intermediary.
29. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of
claim 27 further comprising transmitting rules concerning
transaction fee amounts and/or allocations to the intermediary.
30. The one or more tangible computer-readable storage media of
claim 26 wherein the intermediary is a bank.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation application of the U.S.
Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/329,480 filed on
Jan. 10, 2006 and entitled "Automatic settlement of user account
with creditor from transaction kiosk," which is hereby incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety and which claims priority
pursuant to 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119(e) to U.S. provisional application
No. 60/732,339 filed 31 Oct. 2005, which is hereby incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Automated teller machines (ATMs) and quick cash or money
machine kiosks have become ubiquitous. ATMs are often owned by
banks (proprietor banks) and provide a variety of banking services
twenty-four hours a day without need for interaction with a
customer service representative from the proprietor bank. The
services available at an ATM are available not only to a proprietor
bank's own customers, but to anyone who has an account at a bank
that participates in a common network with other proprietor banks
Today, the networks are so broad-reaching that almost anyone with a
bank account can conduct banking transactions at most ATMs in the
world. ATM services include the provision of account balance
information, balance transfers between bank accounts, cash
withdrawals from bank accounts (often for a transaction fee), and
cash or check deposits to bank accounts. Some ATMs also allow the
initiation of money transfers from the account of a bank customer
in settlement of the account of a creditor. Deposits are generally
collected by instructing the customer to place any cash and/or
checks into an envelope and to insert the sealed envelope into a
receptacle. The customer indicates the amount of the deposit by
data input on a keypad on the ATM. The deposit information entered
by the customer is later reconciled with the cash and/or checks in
the deposit envelope at the proprietor bank.
[0003] ATMs are generally serviced by armored transport services in
the employ of the bank that is the proprietor of the particular
ATM. The armored transport service collects the deposit envelopes
and replenishes the cash dispensing mechanism in the ATM with
currency from the proprietor bank or a correspondent bank. The
deposit armored transport service returns the deposit envelopes to
the proprietor bank or a correspondent bank. Once counted, cash in
the deposit envelopes is considered cash available to the
proprietor bank, even if still physically held by a correspondent
bank, as part of its cash reserves available to satisfy its
customers' claims. The bank's cash reserve is often termed "vault
cash." Any checks from the deposit envelopes are presented by the
proprietor bank to the banks of the drafters for payment. The
proprietor bank then participates in an electronic settlement with
the banks of the ATM users.
[0004] Cash or money access machines are found in many commercial
establishments such as bars and convenience stores that either
conduct a significant volume of cash transactions or desire to
offer access to cash for the convenience of their customers. Such
money access machines are generally owned by either the proprietors
of the establishment where the machines are located or a third
party owner of the money access machines leases space in the
establishment. The owner of a money access machine may generate
revenue by charging a transaction fee to the user for the
convenience of access to cash. The user's bank account is thus
debited not only the cash withdrawal amount, but a transaction fee
as well, and the sum of those amounts is credited to the bank
account of the money machine owner. The money access machines
generally do not provide the extensive banking services that ATMs
offer and instead usually only provide a user access to cash with
corresponding account balance information. The money access
machines are similarly generally serviced by an armored transport
service that brings money from the owner's bank account to stock
the machine.
[0005] In order to operate, both the ATMs and cash access machines
(which for the sake of convenience are hereinafter referred to
collectively as "banking machines" unless one or the other is
particularly indicated) must be connected to an information network
for the reciprocal transfer of information from the banking machine
to the bank of the user. In order for a user to make a cash
withdrawal, the banking machine must first contact the user's bank
to determine whether the user has enough funds in an account to
secure the cash withdrawal. Funds will ultimately be debited from
the user's account and credited by the user's bank to the bank of
the banking machine owner (which may be a proprietor bank) by
network transfer or otherwise reconciled. When a user makes a
deposit at an ATM owned by the user's bank, the user's account is
credited with the deposit amount to ultimately be confirmed after
reconciliation when the deposit envelope is opened. Alternately,
when a user of an ATM makes a deposit in a proprietor bank's ATM
that does not hold the user's account, but has an affiliation with
the user's bank, the ATM may contact the user's bank to notify the
user's bank that the user's account should be credited with the
deposit amount to ultimately be confirmed after reconciliation when
the deposit envelope is opened after transfer to the user's
bank.
[0006] The information networks linking banking machines and banks
are generally provided or facilitated by a third party transaction
processor. The transaction processor may operate the physical
information network used by the banking machines and may further
provide the necessary hardware and software used by the banking
machines and banks to communicate with each other over the network.
Transaction processors also provide other communication services,
for example, transaction services between banks and creditors of
account holders for automatic payment of bills, and transaction
services between credit card issuers, merchants, and the merchant's
banks.
[0007] Perhaps incredibly, even now in the twenty-first century
approximately thirty percent of the population of the United States
does not own a bank account and operates financially on a cash only
basis. Many of these people are in lower income brackets and often
are recent immigrants. For these classes of society, conducting
business with traditional financial institutions, e.g., banks, is
often difficult and is sometimes unavailable as an option for
managing personal finances. Difficulties may arise from, for
example, a lack of transportation to reach the financial
institution to conduct business, a language barrier, a fear of
identification arising out of immigration issues, or different
cultural norms. For many, traditional banking options are
unavailable due to poor credit histories or a lack of credit
history at all. Electronic banking and other electronic financial
services, for example, internet banking and automatic bill payment,
are often unavailable to this population merely from the fact that
they do not have access to computers or Internet connections.
Further, since they do not have bank accounts, they are unable to
write a check to be drawn on an account and send it to a creditor
in settlement of the debt.
[0008] At present there is no opportunity for a person without a
bank account to take advantage of the ease and convenience of a
banking machine to perform financial transactions. The primary
problem is the inherent credit risk that no party involved in such
a transaction is willing to undertake. A bank is generally
unwilling to guarantee payment to a creditor of a customer unless
that customer has sufficient finds deposited within his bank
account. A bank is definitely unwilling to extend credit to or
guarantee payment to a third party creditor of a person without an
account because there is no security for transaction. While a
transaction processor has relationships with both banks and
creditors, the transaction processor is not in the business of
extending credit itself or receiving security for a transaction.
The transaction processor merely provides a service as an
information broker or facilitator for the banks and creditors.
[0009] The information included in this Background section of the
specification, including any references cited herein and any
description or discussion thereof, is included for technical
reference purposes only and is not to be regarded subject matter by
which the scope of the invention is to be bound.
SUMMARY
[0010] Currency-based transaction kiosks are provided for access by
users through which the users can pay bills without the requirement
of having a bank account. The transaction kiosks may be retrofitted
ATMs or cash machines or kiosks purposefully built to accommodate
the contemplated transactions. Unlike normal banking machines, the
transaction kiosks have a currency collector, similar to the
currency collector of a vending machine, that reads and validates
cash inserted therein. After insertion and validation the cash is
placed within a vault in the transaction kiosk. At least the vault
in the transaction kiosk is owned by a surety bank willing to pay
the user's bill, regardless of who may own the rest of the
transaction kiosk. The vault is locked and secure and access is
available only to the surety bank and its agents. The cash
deposited into the transaction kiosk is considered part of the
surety bank's cash-on-hand, even though it may be remotely located
from the main surety bank location or other physical branches. The
surety bank considers the cash deposited by the user as security
for the surety bank's settlement of the user's account with a
creditor on the user's behalf.
[0011] A method of allocating moneys owned and controlled by a bank
is also described. In this method, a first amount of a cash
deposited by a user is validated at a remote transaction location.
The cash deposit is physically secured at the transaction location.
The transaction location transmits information regarding the first
amount of the cash deposit physically secured at the transaction
location to the bank to update a record of a second amount of cash
available to the bank to satisfy depositors' claims by including
the first amount within the second amount.
[0012] A method for the instantaneous settlement of an account of a
debtor with a creditor by a bank on behalf of the debtor is
additionally described herein. In this method, a first amount of a
cash deposit is validated by the debtor at a transaction location.
The transaction location transmits information regarding the first
amount of the cash deposit physically secured at the transaction
location to the bank to update a record of a second amount of cash
available to the bank to satisfy depositors' claims by including
the first amount within the second amount. The bank then extends a
promise to the creditor to pay the account of the debtor. Risk to
the bank is avoided because the promise is secured by the validated
first amount of the cash deposit.
[0013] A system that enables a surety bank to conduct a transaction
to settle an account between a debtor and a creditor includes a
transaction kiosk for convenient access by the debtor. The
transaction kiosk has a user interface, a cash collection device, a
cash value validation device, and a vault separately owned by the
surety bank. The system also includes a transaction processor
system, a surety bank system, and a creditor system. The
transaction processor system is connected with each of the
transaction kiosk, the surety bank system, and the creditor system
via a communication network. The transaction processor system
facilitates communications between the transaction kiosk, the
surety bank system, and the creditor system over the network to
settle the account of the debtor with the creditor.
[0014] A transaction kiosk for accepting and validating cash,
settling accounts with creditors, or performing other electronic
banking functions comprises components similar to traditional
banking machines, for example, a user interface, a money deposit
component, a money withdrawal component; and a vault. However,
ownership of the transaction kiosk is split. A bank owns the vault,
including any money within the vault, and a second party owns the
remainder of the transaction kiosk. The transaction kiosk also has
an automatic cash collection component, an automatic cash
recognition component, and an automatic cash value validation
component. These may be separate components or combined in one
automated currency receptacle device.
[0015] Other features, details, utilities, and advantages of the
present invention will be apparent from the following more
particular written description of various embodiments of the
invention as further illustrated in the accompanying drawings and
defined in the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of an exemplary cash deposit
transaction at a transaction kiosk and the immediate posting of
payment to a creditor.
[0017] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a series of exemplary operations
involved in accepting a cash deposit at a transaction kiosk from a
user and posting a payment to a creditor of the user.
[0018] FIG. 3 illustrates a computer processing system that may be
useful in implementing the described technology.
[0019] FIG. 4 schematically depicts a sequence of exemplary
graphical user interface screens for guiding a user of the
transaction kiosk through the steps of a transaction.
[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary environment of data exchange
for settling an account of a user via a transaction kiosk.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0021] A convenient system and method for settlement with creditors
using currency-based transaction kiosks without requirement of a
traditional bank account is described in detail herein. In general,
the system uses a currency-based transaction kiosk to collect
currency from a user of the kiosk who is a debtor of a creditor and
then electronically transact with the user's creditor via a
transaction processor to settle the balance on an account, while
recognizing the cash deposited in the transaction kiosk by the user
as security. A bank, for example, a nationally chartered bank or
other depository institution, acts as a surety and guarantees
payment to the user's creditor; the guarantee is secured by the
cash deposited in the transaction kiosk; and the transaction
processor brokers the transaction between the user of the
transaction kiosk, the surety bank, and the creditor. An exemplary
system and corresponding methodology for implementing this
inventive transaction scheme are further described below with
respect to the accompanying figures.
[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of an exemplary system 100
for the automatic settlement of a user account with creditor from a
transaction location. In FIG. 1 a user 102 is shown interfacing
with a transaction location, in this embodiment a transaction kiosk
104. The transaction kiosk 104 is similar in many respects to
well-known ATMs and cash access machines that are ubiquitously
located. The transaction kiosk 104 includes a graphical user
interface 106 (GUI) (i.e., a display screen), a data entry and
option selection keypad 108, a magnetic reader 110 for access,
credit, and debit cards, a cash dispenser 112, and a receipt
dispenser 114 similar to most other ATMs or money access machines.
The transaction kiosk 104 of the present invention also has a vault
116, which is physically similar to vaults at ATMs, but is
functionally different as will be explained further herein.
[0023] The transaction kiosk 104 is connected with a transaction
processor 122 via a first network 130. The transaction processor
122 maintains a computer system 124 with sufficient data processing
and storage capabilities to accommodate the expected number of
transactions. The computer system 124 of the transaction processor
122 interfaces with potentially thousands of transaction kiosks 104
via the first network 130 to broker millions of cash withdrawals
and other banking transactions on a daily basis. The transaction
processor 122 is also connected with a plurality of creditors 126
via a second network 132 linking the computer system 124 of the
transaction processor 122 to computer systems 128 of the creditors
126. The creditors' computer systems 128 are similarly equipped
with significant data storage and processing capabilities in order
to manage millions of credit transactions, e.g., credit and debit
card transactions, on a daily basis, which are facilitated by the
transaction processor 122. Exemplary creditors of a user 102 may be
mortgage companies, wireless and other communications companies,
utility companies, and credit card companies, as indicated in FIG.
1, or any other vendor or service provider with which a user 102
may have an account. The transaction processor 122 is further
connected with one or more surety banks 136 via a third network
134. The first, second, and third networks 130, 132, 134 may be,
for example, local area networks (LANs) or wide area networks
(WANs); public or private; analog or digital; telephonic, cable,
wireless, or the Internet. The first, second, and third networks
130, 132, 134 may comprise the same or overlapping networks. The
data carried may be packet switched, modulated, compressed,
encrypted, or otherwise modified for transmission.
[0024] The transaction processor 122 brokers the information
exchange between a banking machine and the particular bank of the
user to effect the appropriate postings corresponding to the
transaction performed by the user. For example, if a user wants to
make a cash withdrawal, the transaction broker 122 receives the
user's identification, account information, and withdrawal request
from the banking machine and forwards the withdrawal request to the
user's bank. The user's bank determines whether there are
sufficient funds in the user's account to secure the cash
withdrawal requested. If approved, the user's bank responds to the
transaction processor 122 with approval and account balance
information. The transaction processor 122 then relays the approval
and balance information to the banking machine, which then
dispenses cash to the user and a receipt with balance information.
The transaction processor 122 further brokers settlement
transactions between a surety bank 136 and a creditor 126 of a user
on behalf of the user without requirement of any user bank account
as further described below.
[0025] Another feature of the transaction kiosk 104 is that it
includes a currency or bill collector and validation component 118.
The currency collector 118 automatically accepts currency 120 from
the user 102, optically identifies the nature and denomination of
the currency 120, and validates the amount deposited into the
transaction kiosk 104. Currency can include any combination of
cash, such as bills and coins, coupons, checks, gift certificates,
prepaid convenience cards (as defined later herein) any other
negotiable instrument with a cash equivalent value able to secure a
transaction. It is further contemplated that in addition to
depositing currency, a user that does have a bank account or a
credit card can similarly secure a payment transaction with a
creditor with a debit or credit card. Once the currency is
validated, it is transferred into a vault 116 within the
transaction kiosk 104.
[0026] The vault 116 is unlike vaults in ATMs or money access
machines in several respects. First, in comparison to money access
machines, while both the transaction kiosk 104 and a money access
machine hold cash for dispensation to a user, the vault 116 of the
transaction kiosk 104 further holds deposited cash while a money
access machine accepts no deposits. Second, in comparison to ATMs,
while both the transaction kiosk 104 and an ATM hold both
dispensation cash and deposited cash, cash 120 deposited in the
vault 116 through the currency collector 118 in the transaction
kiosk 104 is a known and fully reconciled quantity, whereas any
cash deposited in an ATM is contained in envelopes and is
ultimately an unknown quantity until removed from the ATM and
manually reconciled with the stated deposit amount. Thus, in
contrast to banking machines, the cash deposits of a user 102 are
verified independently of the user 102.
[0027] The currency collector 118 may also operate as a cash
recycler. A cash recycler mechanism dispenses cash that was
previously accepted by the currency collector 118. Thus, any bills
or other currency accepted by the cash collector 118 can be
dispensed for withdrawal by users. This allows the transaction
kiosk to potentially become self-sufficient with regard to funds
held in the vault 120 or at least potentially reduce the frequency
with which the vault 120 needs to either be emptied or replenished
to accommodate withdrawal transactions.
[0028] In an alternative implementation, the transaction kiosk 104
may be operated by an intermediary to the user. For example, the
transaction kiosk 104 may be in the form of a money exchange safe
product. Such safe products are often found in convenience stores.
Clerks interface with the safe product via a transaction register
machine, which has taken the place of cash registers in many
stores. The register machine records the transaction and interfaces
with the safe machine to determine an amount of money needed for
output in order to make change if necessary. The clerk deposits
funds received from a customer into the safe product rather than a
drawer in the register machine, making those funds inaccessible to
the clerk. The safe product is often equipped with a bill
reader/currency collector 118 to monitor the veracity of deposits
by the clerk based upon the transaction information. Thus, the
store clerk has no access to funds beyond what is required for
making change in a particular transaction or for a small number of
transactions.
[0029] In addition to documenting the transaction, in the context
of the present discussion, the register machine may also be used as
the GUI 106 and data entry interface 108 and, in conjunction with
the safe product, functions as a transaction kiosk 104. In this
implementation, the store clerk may act as an intermediary to and
on behalf of the user to enter the necessary information to conduct
an account settlement transaction using this form of a transaction
kiosk 104.
[0030] A further feature of the vault 116 of the transaction kiosk
104 is that it is owned by a surety bank 136 regardless of the
ownership of the rest of the transaction kiosk 104. While many
banks own their own ATMs, most money access machines are either
independently owned by businesses that place them in commercial
establishments pursuant to a lease or are owned by the commercial
establishments themselves. The surety bank 136 owns all right,
title, and interest in and to the vault 116, and any and all
currency 120 therein without any conditions, in a transaction kiosk
104 that is otherwise owned by a third party. The vault 116 is
locked and secure and access is available only to the surety bank
and its agents. Ownership of the vault 116 is generally acquired by
the surety bank 136 from the owner of the transaction kiosk 104 via
contract. The importance of ownership of the vault 116 in a
transaction kiosk 102 by the surety bank 136 will become clear
through the discussion of the method for operating the system 100
as described further below.
[0031] Recall that, at present, only persons with banking accounts
can access funds through a banking machine or otherwise conduct
transactions. These persons must have adequate funds within their
accounts to secure the cash withdrawal or any other transaction
they choose to make. Obviously, a person without funds in an
account somewhere cannot access cash from a banking machine because
there is no security for the advance. Note also that even if a user
makes a deposit at an ATM, funds corresponding to such a deposit
are not available to secure any other transaction until the funds
have been physically removed from the ATM and manually reconciled.
In other words, banks do not generally trust a user that the
deposit amount keyed into the ATM user interface is the actual
amount contained in the deposit envelope. Thus a user cannot
contemporaneously deposit funds in an ATM and then attempt to use
the deposited funds as security for another transaction, e.g.,
payment of a bill. Manual reconciliation of the deposit is first
required.
[0032] FIG. 1 depicts a system with relationships for allowing a
user 102 without a bank account to pay the bills of a creditor 126
using a transaction kiosk 104. This user 102 need not have any
relationship or account with any bank. However, a surety bank 136
that owns the vault 116 in the transaction kiosk 104 will guarantee
payment of a bill to a creditor 126 of the user 102. The account
with the creditor 126 is settled immediately by the transaction
processor 122, with actual remittance from the surety bank 136 to
the creditor 126 to follow. Other transactions contemplated in the
present invention include the generation of money orders and wire
transfers for a transaction fee. Note that the user 102 never
becomes a customer of the surety bank 136, no account with the
surety bank 136 is accessed, and no account with the surety bank
136 is created by the transaction. Further, settlement with the
creditor 126 can occur instantly or with only a short delay via the
communication brokered by the transaction processor 122, before the
actual cash 120 deposited by the user 102 is ever physically
transferred from the transaction kiosk 104 to the surety bank
136.
[0033] This transaction is possible due in part to each of the
following: the ability of the transaction kiosk 104 to receive and
validate cash 120, the ownership of the vault 116 by the surety
bank 136, the relationship between the transaction processor 122
and the surety bank 136, and the relationship between the
transaction processor 122 and various creditors 126. The receipt
and validation of cash 120 at the transaction kiosk 104 is
important because there needs to be some confirmation that any
settlement transaction between the surety bank 136 and a creditor
126 is secured by an adequate amount of cash 120. The ownership of
the vault 116 in the transaction kiosk 104 by the surety bank 136
is also important from a security standpoint. If the surety bank
136 did not own the vault 116, it would not own the cash 120 in the
vault 116 and thus could not consider the cash 120 in the vault 116
as available to satisfy its depositors. In such a case, any payment
by the surety bank 136 to a creditor of a user 102 would be
tantamount to an unsecured loan with the surety bank 136 relying on
repayment through relationships with third party owners of the
transaction kiosks 104. This scenario is a risk that banks are
unwilling and perhaps not allowed to take pursuant to banking
regulations. However, through the novel constructs of the present
invention, the cash 120 in the surety bank-owned vaults 116 of
transaction kiosks 104 in remote locations is leveraged to provide
the necessary security for the creditor transactions.
[0034] The relationship of the transaction processor 122 with the
surety bank 136 and the creditors 126 is also important. In fact,
the transaction processor 122 is a service provider to both the
surety bank 136 for banking machine transactions and creditors 126
for credit card transaction and processing services. Thus, the
transaction processor 122 can operate as a middle-man to bring
together surety bank 136 and the creditor 126 that otherwise may
not have had a prior relationship. The transaction processor 122
also controls the necessary network infrastructure, e.g., the
first, second, and third networks 130, 132, 134 depicted in FIG. 1
to enable electronic transactions between the transaction kiosk
104, the surety bank 136, and the creditors 126.
[0035] FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary process 200 for conducting a
settlement transaction between a user 102 of the transaction kiosk
104, the transaction processor 122, a creditor 126 of the user, and
the surety bank 136. Initially, in step 205, the transaction kiosk
104 accepts a cash deposit from a user at a location remote from
the surety bank 136. The amount of the currency 120 deposited is
validated by currency collector 118 in the transaction kiosk 104 in
the remote location, step 210. Once validated, the cash 120 is
physically secured within the transaction kiosk 104 by transferring
the cash 120 from the currency collector 118 to the vault 116. Once
the amount of cash 120 deposited by a user 120 is validated at the
transaction kiosk 104, the validated amount is communicated from
the transaction kiosk 104 to the surety bank 136 by the transaction
processor 122 over the first network 130 and the third network 130.
The surety bank 136 then updates its ledger by posting the cash 120
deposited and validated at the transaction kiosk 104 for inclusion
in its calculation of funds available to satisfy depositor
claims.
[0036] The transaction process 200 of FIG. 2 continues in step 230
wherein the transaction processor 122 receives a request for
settlement of an account balance with a creditor 126 from the
transaction kiosk 104 over the first network. The transaction
processor 122 then communicates with the creditor 126 over the
second network 132 to retrieve the account balance of the user 102,
step 235. Presuming the cash deposited by the user is adequate to
settle the account balance, balance due, or minimum payment
required, the transaction processor 122 posts the settlement to the
creditor 126, step 240. Any deposit of the user 102 into the
transaction kiosk 104 in excess of the balance with the creditor
126 and any applicable transaction fee is immediately refunded or
otherwise credited to the user 120, step 245. The transaction
processor 122 advises the surety bank 136 periodically, for
example, once a day, of the transactions completed including, for
example, identification of the creditors to be paid, accounts to be
credited, and amounts due, step 250. Alternatively, the transaction
broker 122 may contemporaneously communicate with the surety bank
136 via the third network 134 to request approval for settlement of
the account balance with the creditor 126 on behalf of the user
102. Once approval is received from the surety bank 136, the
transaction processor 122 posts the settlement to the creditor 126
in the form of a promised payment from the surety bank 136. In
either case, the surety bank 136, either at the time of the
transaction or at some later reconciliation point, remits actual
payment of the account balance to the creditor 126, step 260, which
is secured by the cash 120 held in the vault 116 of the transaction
kiosk 104.
[0037] FIG. 3 depicts a series of exemplary GUI messages displayed
on the GUI 106 of the transaction kiosk 104 to a user 102 while
conducting a bill payment transaction according to the present
invention. A first GUI message 310 of the transaction kiosk 104
presents the user 102 with several transaction options, for
example, to make a deposit, to make a cash withdrawal, to view an
account balance, and to pay a bill. It should be apparent by the
selections offered in the first GUI message 310 that this
transaction kiosk 104 has the additional functionality of an ATM in
that it provides for several common banking transactions as well as
transactions according to the present technology. In the first GUI
message 310, the "pay bills" option has been selected by a user,
for example, by pressing a number associated with the selection
option on the data entry keypad 108 of the transaction kiosk
104.
[0038] When the "pay bills" option is selected from the first GUI
message 310 by the user 102, a second GUI message 320 is presented
to the user 102. The second GUI message 320 asks the user 102 which
of several types of bills the user 102 may wish to pay, for
example, a mortgage, a telephone bill, a utility bill, or a credit
card bill. Depending upon the relationship between the transaction
processor 122 and the creditors 126, many different types of
creditors 126 may be listed on the second GUI message 320;
alternatively, exclusivity may be provided to creditors in
particular product or service categories for participation in the
transaction settlement system 100. In the exemplary second GUI
message 320, the user 102 has chosen to pay a telephone bill.
[0039] The GUI 108 then displays a third GUI message 330 asking the
user 102 to enter their telephone account information and or any
personal information necessary for the transaction processor 122 to
retrieve the account balance information of the user 102 from the
particular creditor 126. Once the user 102 enters the necessary
account information, a fourth GUI message 340 is presented stating
the account balance from the user's telephone company as reported
to the transaction processor 122 from the creditor 126. In this
example, the amount of the telephone bill is $72.50. The fourth GUI
message 340 then asks the user 102 whether he in fact wants to pay
the identified bill. As shown in the fourth GUI message 340, the
user 102 has confirmed his intention to pay the bill by selecting
the "Yes" option through a corresponding entry on the data entry
keypad 108. The GUI 106 on the transaction kiosk 102 then presents
a fifth GUI message 350 to the user 102 indicating that a
transaction fee, of $2 in this example, will also be charged. The
fifth GUI message 350 again requests confirmation of the user's
intent to complete the transaction. As depicted in the fifth GUI
message 350, the user 102 has confirmed his intent to continue the
transaction by selecting the "Yes" option.
[0040] An exemplary sixth GUI message 360 requests that the user
102 insert cash 120 into the currency collector 118. As the user
102 places cash into the currency collector 118, it optically scans
or otherwise interrogates the inserted bills to determine their
value. Once each bill is validated, it is placed into the vault 116
within the transaction kiosk 104. Once the user has inserted the
necessary cash 120 into the currency collector 118, a seventh GUI
message 370 appears indicating the amount of cash 102 validated by
the currency collector 118 and asking the user to confirm the
accuracy of the amount. As shown in the seventh GUI message 370,
the user 102 in this example has validated that $80.00 was inserted
into the currency collector 118. Once a sufficient amount of cash
120 is collected and validated to secure payment of the user's
account with the creditor 126, the transaction kiosk 104
communicates this information to the transaction processor 122,
which in turn communicates a request to settle the user's account
with the creditor 126 and simultaneously requests approval of the
surety bank 136 to assume liability for payment of the user's bill.
When approval from the surety bank 136 is received, the transaction
processor 122 settles the account with the creditor 126 and
notifies the transaction kiosk 104 that the user's account has been
settled.
[0041] An eighth GUI message 380 is then displayed to the user 102
indicating that the bill has been paid. Note that the user 102
placed $80 into the transaction kiosk 104, but the sum of the
account balance for the telephone bill and the transaction fee
totaled only $74.50. Thus a sum of $5.50 must be returned to the
user 102 in some form. Because the user 102 does not have a bank
account, there is no option to merely credit the excess deposit
amount to an account. Several options for such a refund are
available. For example, the transaction kiosk 104 may be equipped
with a change machine to provide payment of excess deposits
directly to the user. Alternatively, the excess deposit may be
retained by the creditor 126 as a credit to the user's account with
the creditor 126 for application to future balances with the
creditor 126. Another option is to issue a coupon to the user 102
in the amount of the excess deposit good for purchases of goods and
services of interest to the user 102. For example, if the
transaction kiosk 104 is owned by and located in a convenience
store, a coupon good toward purchases in the convenience store may
be issued to the user 102 of value equal to or greater than the
amount of the excess deposit.
[0042] Yet another option may be to issue or credit a prepaid
convenience card with funds available for application toward or
purchase of goods or services. The term "prepaid convenience cards"
is a generic term to cover a variety of different prepaid card
products offered under various names, for example, prepaid credit
cards, prepaid debit cards, guaranteed approval cards, telephone
calling cards, store credit cards, gift cards, and other cards with
cash value attached. In fact, a coupon could be considered a type
of paper prepaid convenience card. Building upon the example of
FIG. 3 in which a telephone bill was paid, the excess deposit
amount could be placed on a prepaid telephone calling card and
issued to the user 102 for future use when placing long distance
calls. A prepaid convenience card with funds applicable toward the
purchase of other goods and services anywhere, for example,
groceries, gasoline, or goods sold by the owner of the transaction
kiosk 104, is also a possible refund option. The eighth GUI message
380 may further ask the user 102 whether another transaction is
desired, for example, payment of another bill.
[0043] Returning to FIG. 1, the actual physical transfer of the
cash 120 from the transaction kiosk 104 is also depicted to provide
an understanding of the complete path of the cash 120.
Periodically, the cash 120 in the surety bank' vault 116 in the
transaction kiosk is emptied by an armored transport company 138
contracted by the surety bank 136 as an agent of the surety bank
136 to provide this service. Note that the contract between the
armored transport company 138 and the surety bank 136, not the
owner of the transaction kiosk 104. Again, this is because all of
the cash 120 in the kiosk is owned by the surety bank 136. Part of
the service provided by the armored transport company 138 is a
security guarantee and insurance that the amount of funds removed
from the transaction kiosk 104 will be safely transported to the
surety bank 136 or its designee. Because of this surety guarantee
from the armored transport service, applicable banking rules and
regulations allow the surety bank 136 to consider the cash 120 as
owned and held by the surety bank 136 even during transport.
[0044] Often for purposes of convenience, the armored transport
company will transport the cash 120 to another bank, not the surety
bank 136. This other bank is considered a correspondent bank 140
and most banks have reciprocal arrangements of this sort. For
example, if the surety bank 136 is located in Arizona but owns a
vault 116 in a transaction kiosk 104 located in Idaho, it is
impractical for the armored transport service 138 to transport the
cash 120 from Idaho to Arizona. Therefore, the armored transport
service 138 will transport the cash 120 to a local, federally
insured, correspondent bank 140 in Idaho. Even though the cash 120
is now physically held by the correspondent bank 140, under
applicable laws and regulations, the cash 120 is still considered
owned by the surety bank 136. Further, because both the
correspondent bank 140 and the surety bank 136 are federally
insured, the surety bank can continue to consider the cash 120
physically held at the correspondent bank 140 as cash assets of the
surety bank 136 available to satisfy its depositors' claims.
[0045] The surety bank 136 and the correspondent bank 140 will then
periodically reconcile funds held as correspondent banks In some
instances when holding an excess of cash owned by other banks, the
correspondent bank 140 may transport excess funds to a local
federal reserve bank in Idaho. The surety bank 136 may then
transport funds from a local federal reserve bank in Arizona
corresponding to cash 120 remove from vaults 116 in transaction
kiosks 104. Thus, the cash 120 securing the settlement payments by
the surety bank 136 to the creditors 126 of users 102 of the
transaction kiosks 104 with vaults 116 owned by the surety bank
136, as well as the transaction fees charged to such users 102, may
ultimately be physically located at the surety bank 136. Again, the
transaction fees may ultimately be split between the surety bank
136, the transaction processor 122, and the owner of the
transaction kiosk 104 containing the vault 116 owned by the surety
bank 136. Thus the transaction according to the present invention
to settle the bills of a user 102 with a creditor 126 by a surety
bank 136 is completed.
[0046] FIG. 4 is an exemplary environment of data exchange and cash
movement for settling an account of a user via a transaction kiosk
402. Functions related to or based upon cash deposited and
validated at the transaction kiosk 402 are depicted on the left
side of the dashed line. Functions based upon or occurring after
physical collection of cash from a transaction kiosk 402 are
depicted on the right side of the dashed line. As indicated,
several of the functions performed by and/or the data collected by
the surety bank system 414 and the transaction processor system 406
are based upon one, the other, or both the validated cash deposit
and the cash collection data. Thus, the surety bank system 414 and
the transaction processor system 406 are depicted as straddling the
dashed line. The depicted position of the network 426 is arbitrary
and independent of the cash acceptance and cash collection
functions.
[0047] Cash is accepted into the transaction kiosk 402 by a user
for the purposes of paying bills. Upon insertion of the bill notes,
the bulk note acceptor validates the bill note and either accepts
or rejects the bill. Accepted bills are deposited into the kiosk
vault at which point the cash becomes part of the surety bank vault
cash. As the user inputs a transaction selection and account
identification information, the transaction kiosk 402 records the
transaction information locally in a kiosk database 404 for
transmission via the network 426 to the transaction processor
system 406. Transaction data stored in the kiosk database 404 may
include the user's name, identification number (e.g., social
security number, driver's license, or telephone number),
transaction date, transaction time, creditor name, account number,
validated cash deposit amount, a kiosk identification number, and a
transaction number. This transaction data is transmitted to the
transaction processor system 406 for inclusion in a daily
transaction report database 408.
[0048] In order to complete the bill payment transaction at the
transaction kiosk 402, the transaction processor system 406 may
query the identified creditor system 418 via the network 426 to
request a balance due amount for the user's account. The creditor
system 418 transmits balance information for the user's account
stored in the creditor database 420 to the transaction processor
system 406. The transaction processor system 406 also queries an
internal business rule database 410 to determine the appropriate
transaction fee to be charged for the bill payment service. The
account balance and transaction fee information is then transmitted
from the transaction processor system 406 to the transaction kiosk
402 via the network 426.
[0049] The transaction processor system 406 may create a
transaction report database 408 with individual records
corresponding to each bill payment transaction and including
information from each of the kiosk database 404, the creditor
database 420, and the business rules database 410. Each transaction
record may include fields such as transaction number, customer
name, account number, payment amount, fee amount, total deposit
amount, tax (if applicable), and other fields. The transaction
processor 406 may periodically transmit transaction reports to each
of the creditor systems 418 and the surety bank system 414, for
example, on a daily basis. Alternatively, the transaction report
database 408 may be regularly accessible by the surety bank system
414 or creditor systems 418 over the network 426. The transaction
reports may be stored in the creditor system 418 in the creditor
database 416 and in a surety bank database 416 in the surety bank
system 414 for later reconciliation purposes.
[0050] In an exemplary implementation, the transaction processor
system 406 may deliver two transactions reports via the network 426
to the surety bank system 414 daily, e.g., at 3:00 PM and 6:00 PM.
The 3:00 PM report contains transaction records for all
transactions from a first group of creditors. A second group of
creditor transaction records with later posting times is
transmitted in the 6:00 PM file. Each record in the transaction
report may contain, for example, the following fields. The values
following each field are sample values.
[0051] Kiosk ID: 10253
[0052] Transaction Date/Time: 2005-01-28 17:50:14.093000000
[0053] Sequence Number: 2064215
[0054] Account: Cash (other options: Check/Credit Card/Debit
Card)
[0055] Transaction Description: CREDITOR NAME Bill Payment
[0056] Transaction Amount: 94
[0057] Fee: 3
[0058] Card Number: 48011
A sample transaction file is then as follows:
[0059] 10253,2005-01-28,17:50:14.093000000,2064215,Cash,
[0060] CREDITOR NAME Bill Payment,94,3,48011.
[0061] Upon receipt of the transaction files, the surety bank
system 414 may import the daily transaction reports into a surety
bank database 416 for use in an automated tracking system (e.g., a
TRAKKER.TM. system available from Palm Desert National Bank) and
update the surety bank vault cash totals. Business rules built into
the tracking system may used to calculate daily automated
clearinghouse (ACH) system reporting information from the creditor
systems 418. The business rules applied determine the transaction
cutoff times, the number of days in arrears, revenue share
arrangements, and convenience fees. ACH reporting is generated and
cross-checked against a daily electronic data interchange (EDI)
file received from the transaction processor system 406 with
current business rules values from the business rules database 410
before importing ACH totals into ACH software and transmitting ACH
totals to creditor systems 418 using the transaction processor
system 406.
[0062] While user accounts with the creditors are settled by the
surety bank system 414 on the basis of the transaction reports,
including validated cash deposit amounts at the transaction kiosk
402, the cash deposited at the transaction kiosk 402 is at some
point physically collected. Cash collection is generally performed
by an armored services agent 422 as indicated in FIG. 4 on the
right side of the dashed line. The armored services agent 422
manually collects and clears cash from the vault in the transaction
kiosk 402, swaps cash cassettes to restock the bill dispensers,
resets kiosk counters, resets the time stamp, transports cash to an
armored services vault, counts the cash collected, reconciles the
collected cash with deposit information from the transaction kiosk
402, and deposits the collected cash with a correspondent bank. The
armored services agent 422 enters the collected cash amount into a
cash collection database 424. Information in the cash collection
database 424 is either transmitted to or is accessible by the
transaction processor system 406 or the surety bank system 414 over
the network 426.
[0063] The surety bank system 414 compares the cash collection data
with the validated cash deposit amounts provided in the daily
transaction reports to reconcile the vault cash amount determined
at the time of the user's deposit at the transaction kiosk 402 with
the cash collected and counted by the armored services agent 422.
Any discrepancies between the collected cash data and the validated
cash deposits are reported by the surety bank system 414 to the
transaction processor. In one configuration, the transaction
processor system 406 may maintain a message system that facilitates
reconciliation functions. The message system may store the cash
collection data from the armored services agent 422 and discrepancy
amounts from the surety bank system 416 in a message system
database 412 and provide an interchange for identifying and
resolving any reconciliation issues. In the event that a
discrepancy is not resolved and the collected cash is less that the
validated cash deposit amount, the surety bank system 414 may file
a claim with the armored services agent 422 for the balance. The
armored service agent 422 is generally contractually and fiducially
responsible for any cash shortages.
[0064] The surety bank system 414 uses the daily transaction report
data to make payments to creditors on behalf of users depositing
cash in the transaction kiosks 402 and using the bill payment
functions. Payments may be made to the creditor systems 418 by the
surety bank system 414 over the network 426 via electronic funds
transfer. The surety bank system 414 also uses the daily
transaction report data and business rules data to allocate revenue
from the convenience fees charged to the user between the
transaction processor, the surety bank, and potentially the
creditors as well. Revenue shares may be contractually determined
between these parties and may fluctuate based upon the amount of
the convenience fee charged and particular terms of contracts with
respective creditors. The surety bank system 414 may make payments
to the transaction processor system 418 or others over the network
426 via electronic funds transfer.
[0065] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary system that may be useful in
implementing the described technology. A general purpose computer
system 500 is capable of executing a computer program product to
execute a computer process. Each of the surety bank 136, the
correspondent bank 140, the transaction processor 122, the
creditors 126, and the transaction kiosk 104 depicted in the
exemplary system of FIG. 1 may use a general purpose computer
system 500, or particular instantiations thereof, connected to a
common network such as depicted in FIG. 5 in order to implement the
operations and complete the transactions described herein. Data and
program files may be input to the computer system 500, which reads
the files and executes the programs therein. Some of the elements
of a general purpose computer system 500 are shown in FIG. 5
wherein a processor 502 is shown having an input/output (I/O)
section 504, a central processing unit (CPU) 506, and a memory
section 508. There may be one or more processors 502, such that the
processor 502 of the computer system 500 comprises a single
central-processing unit 506 or a plurality of processing units,
commonly referred to as a parallel processing environment. The
computer system 500 may be a conventional computer, a distributed
computer, or any other type of computer. The described technology
is optionally implemented in software devices loaded in memory 508,
stored on a configured DVD/CD-ROM 510, or storage unit 512, and/or
communicated via a wired or wireless network link 514 on a carrier
signal, thereby transforming the computer system 500 in FIG. 5 into
a special purpose machine for implementing the described
operations.
[0066] The I/O section 504 is connected to one or more
user-interface devices (e.g., a keyboard 516 and a display unit
518), a disk storage unit 512, and a disk drive unit 520.
Generally, in contemporary systems, the disk drive unit 520 is a
DVD/CD-ROM drive unit capable of reading the DVD/CD-ROM medium 510,
which typically contains programs and data 522. In accordance with
an implementation, software instructions and data directed toward
implementing the described transactions for a transaction kiosk and
associated operations may reside on the disk storage unit 512, disk
drive unit 520, or other storage medium units coupled to the
system. These software instructions may also be executed by the CPU
506. Implementing the general purpose computer system 500 as part
of a transaction kiosk can involve extensive use of the I/O section
504. The transaction kiosk's input receivers (e.g., a currency
collector 118, keypad 108, and magnetic card reader 110 as depicted
in FIG. 1) may be connected to the I/O section 504. The transaction
kiosk's output devices (e.g., a cash dispenser 112 and a receipt
printer 114 as depicted in FIG. 1) can also be connected to the I/O
section 504.
[0067] Computer program products containing mechanisms to
effectuate the systems and methods in accordance with the described
technology may reside in the memory section 508, on a disk storage
unit 512, or on the DVD/CD-ROM medium 510 of such a system 500.
Alternatively, a disk drive unit 520 may be replaced or
supplemented by a floppy drive unit, a tape drive unit, or other
storage medium drive unit. The network adapter 524 is capable of
connecting the computer system 500 to a network via the network
link 514, through which the computer system 500 can receive
instructions and data embodied in a carrier wave. Examples of such
systems include SPARC systems offered by Sun Microsystems, Inc.,
personal computers offered by Dell Corporation and by other
manufacturers of Intel-compatible personal computers, PowerPC-based
computing systems, ARM-based computing systems, and other systems
running a UNIX-based or other operating system. It should be
understood that computing systems may also embody devices, for
example, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, gaming
consoles, and set top boxes.
[0068] When used in a LAN environment, the computer system 500 is
connected (by wired connection or wirelessly) to a local network
through the network interface or adapter 524, which is one type of
communications device. When used in a WAN environment, the computer
system 500 typically includes a modem, a network adapter, or any
other type of communications device for establishing communications
over the WAN. In a networked environment, program modules depicted
relative to the computer system 500 or portions thereof, may be
stored in a remote memory storage device. It is appreciated that
the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of and
communications devices for establishing a communications link
between the computers may be used.
[0069] The technology described herein may be implemented as
logical operations and/or modules in one or more systems. The
logical operations may be implemented (1) as a sequence of
processor-implemented steps executing in one or more computer
systems and (2) as interconnected machine or circuit modules within
one or more computer systems. Likewise, the descriptions of various
component modules may be provided in terms of operations executed
or effected by the modules. The resulting implementation is a
matter of choice, dependent on the performance requirements of the
underlying system implementing the described technology.
Accordingly, the logical operations making up the embodiments of
the technology described herein are referred to variously as
operations, steps, objects, or modules. Furthermore, it should be
understood that logical operations may be performed in any order,
unless explicitly claimed otherwise or a specific order is
inherently necessitated by the claim language.
[0070] Although various embodiments of this invention have been
described above with a certain degree of particularity, or with
reference to one or more individual embodiments, those skilled in
the art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed
embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this
invention. Connection references e.g., attached, coupled,
connected, and joined are to be construed broadly and may include
intermediate members between a collection of elements and relative
movement between elements unless otherwise indicated. As such,
connection references do not necessarily infer that two elements
are directly connected and in fixed relation to each other. It is
intended that all matter contained in the above description or
shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as
illustrative only and not limiting. Changes in detail or structure
may be made without departing from the basic elements of the
invention as defined in the following claims.
* * * * *