U.S. patent application number 13/177098 was filed with the patent office on 2012-01-12 for formable aquatic coverings for preventing biofouling.
Invention is credited to Fletcher Eyster, Fred Zucker.
Application Number | 20120009236 13/177098 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45438744 |
Filed Date | 2012-01-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120009236 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Eyster; Fletcher ; et
al. |
January 12, 2012 |
Formable Aquatic Coverings For Preventing Biofouling
Abstract
The instant invention describes an anti-biofouling structure for
placement onto structures or surfaces that are exposed to aquatic
environments. Embedded within the anti-biofouling structure are
agents that can diffuse out of the structure and prevent the
formation and/or accumulation of plant and animal species build-up
that creates biofouling. The instant invention also describes a
system for preventing biofouling of an object stored in an aquatic
environment which includes the anti-biofouling structure, and a
protective cover element constructed and arranged to fit various
structures, such as boat propellers.
Inventors: |
Eyster; Fletcher; (San
Francisco, CA) ; Zucker; Fred; (Jupiter, FL) |
Family ID: |
45438744 |
Appl. No.: |
13/177098 |
Filed: |
July 6, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61361725 |
Jul 6, 2010 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/402 ;
405/216; 416/247A; 424/400; 514/291 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 498/18 20130101;
B63H 20/36 20130101; B63B 59/045 20130101; B63B 2017/0045 20130101;
E02B 17/0017 20130101; B63B 59/04 20130101; A01N 43/90 20130101;
A01N 25/34 20130101; A01N 25/34 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/402 ;
514/291; 424/400; 405/216; 416/247.A |
International
Class: |
B63H 5/00 20060101
B63H005/00; A01N 25/08 20060101 A01N025/08; E02D 31/00 20060101
E02D031/00; A01N 43/90 20060101 A01N043/90 |
Claims
1. An anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments comprising: a formable covering
material for securing to an object which is in contact with an
aquatic environment, said formable covering material comprising at
least one anti-biofouling agent, whereby securing of said object
with said material results in preventing the formation of
biofouling along the surface of said object.
2. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 1 wherein said
anti-biofouling agent is rapamycin.
3. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 2 wherein said
biofouling agent is impregnated, encapsulated, or combinations
thereof, into said material.
4. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 2 wherein said
biofouling agent is coated onto said material.
5. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 2 wherein said
material is formed by a plurality of interwoven fibers to form a
lattice-like configuration.
6. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 2 wherein said
material is in the form of a mesh.
7. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 1 wherein said
material includes at least one securing member.
8. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 1 wherein said
material is adapted to enclose one or more blades of a boat
propeller, said material forming a cover with an interior portion
sized and shaped to prevent formation of biofouling on said
blades.
9. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 8 wherein said
material is biodegradable.
10. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 8 wherein said
structure is made of a natural fiber, synthetic fiber, plastics, or
combinations thereof.
11. A system for preventing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments comprising: a cover having a material
containing one or more anti-biofouling agents, said cover having a
front surface, an expandable body portion being traversable between
a first position and a second expanded position, an interior
portion sized and shaped to enclose an object which is exposed to
an aquatic environment, and one or more securing members for
securing said cover to said object.
12. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 11 wherein said
anti-biofouling agent is impregnated, encapsulated, coated, or
combinations thereof, to said cover material.
13. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 12 wherein said
cover is secured to a securing cable, whereby applying a force to
said securing cable results in releasing said securing members and
removal of said cover from said object.
14. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 13 wherein said
securing cable contains two additional cables, said additional
cables being separated by a predetermined distance.
15. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 14 wherein said
cables are attached to said cover through use of a guide tube.
16. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 15 wherein one
of said additional cables is coiled.
17. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 16 wherein said
object is a propeller.
18. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 17 further
comprising a formable covering material for securing to the blades
of said propeller, said formable covering material comprising at
least one anti-biofouling agent.
19. A system for preventing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments comprising a first rigid member made of a
material containing one or more anti-biofouling materials securable
to a second rigid member, said second rigid member being made of a
material containing one or more anti-biofouling agents, each of
said rigid members containing an interior which is sized and shaped
to receive an object which is exposed to an aquatic
environment.
20. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 20 wherein said
first rigid member is hingedly connected to said second rigid
member.
21. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 20 wherein said
object is a propeller.
22. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 21 wherein said
first rigid member contains a first member of a securing assembly
and said second rigid member contains a second member of a securing
member.
23. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 22 wherein said
securing members are eyelets.
24. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 23 wherein at
least one rigid member contains a cable attached to a portion
thereof.
25. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 24 wherein said
cable further contains a securing pin, said securing pin adapted to
fit into said eyelets.
26. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 25 wherein each
of said rigid members contain a cut out portion sized and shaped to
secure to a shaft portion of said propeller.
27. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 26 further
comprising a formable covering material for securing to at least
one blade of said propeller, said material containing at least one
anti-biofouling agent.
28. A system for preventing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments comprising a flexible cover containing one
or more anti-biofouling materials, said cover containing a first
face partially connected to a second face, an interior portion
sized and shaped to receive a boat propeller, said second face
containing a slitted portion terminating in an opening, said
opening sized and shaped to receive a shaft of said propeller.
29. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 28 wherein said
first face and said second face contain a first member of a hook
and loop fastener securing system.
30. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 29 further
including a strap, said strap containing a second member of a hook
and loop fastener securing system, said strap sized and shaped to
secure to said first member of a hook and loop fastener securing
system.
31. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 30 wherein said
strap further is coupled to one or more cables whereby applying a
force to said cables removes said strap from said first member of a
hook and loop fastener securing system.
32. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 28 wherein said
material is cotton, plastic, or combinations thereof.
33. The system for preventing biofouling of objects which are
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 28 further
comprising a formable covering material for securing to at least
one blade of said propeller, said material containing at least one
anti-biofouling agent.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to
the U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/361,725, entitled "Formable
Aquatic Coverings for Preventing Biofouling" filed Jul. 6, 2010,
the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to the protection of
structures from damage as a result of continuous exposure to
aquatic environments; more particularly to devices which attach to
submerged structures, thereby preventing formation of biofouling;
and even more particularly to a system for preventing aquatic
biofouling containing a propeller enclosure and a formable and
disposable propeller glove having anti-aquatic biofouling
properties.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The growth and attachment of various marine organisms on
structures in aquatic environments, known as biofouling, is a
significant problem for numerous industries, including the boating
and shipping industry, the oil and gas industry, and the fishing
industry. Most surfaces, such as those associated with boat hulls,
underwater cables, oil rig platforms, buoys, and fishing nets,
which are exposed to coastal, harbor or ocean waters eventually
become colonized by animal species, such as barnacles, mussels,
bryozoans, hydroids, tunicates, tubeworms, sea squirts, and various
plant species. Biofouling results from the interaction of polymeric
adhesives produced by the plant and animal species with the
substrates for which they are attached. Despite the appearance of
simplicity, the process of biofouling is actually complex and
involves numerous interactions with many types of microorganisms
and macroorganisms.
[0004] While biofouling creates ecological problems by distributing
native plant and animal species to non-native environments, its
economic effects are of greater concern. Large amounts of
biofouling on ships result in corrosion of the surfaces and the
eventual deterioration of the ship. Large amounts of macroorganisms
build-up also causes increases in the roughness of the ship's
surface such that the ship experiences greater frictional
resistance, decreased maneuverability, and increased drag,
resulting in increased fuel consumption. Recreational boaters
suffer from the same problems, as barnacles and other animals
attach to propellers submerged in water. Navigational buoys or pier
posts containing surfaces with large amounts of biofouling are
subjected to increased stress resulting from increased weight. This
increased stress often results in decreasing the useful life of the
structures and necessitating continuous replacement.
[0005] Various methods have been used in reducing biofouling
build-up. One of the more common methods, particularly in the
boating and shipping industry, is scraping. However, scraping is
labor intensive and environmental issues have been raised over the
concerns that scraping results in the increased spread of invasive
species. Therefore, there exists a need for devices that eliminate
or reduce the amount of biofouling of surfaces exposed to
water.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
[0006] One strategy for protecting objects in contact with water
and preventing aquatic biofouling includes the use of physical
coverings. These coverings act as protective devices by shielding
or separating the structures from the water. For example, U.S. Pat.
No. 3,220,374 discloses a marine protective device. The invention
is directed towards a unique means and method of protecting marine
equipment from the corrosive action of the water and/or marine
growth when the boat is not in use.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 3,587,508 discloses an outdrive protective
apparatus for easy attachment to a boat. The apparatus protects the
outdrive of an inboard-outboard motor from marine growth when the
boat is not in use. A bag is placed around the outdrive unit for
easy attachment to the transom of a boat in a manner which provides
a watertight seal between the bag and the transom and around the
outdrive unit.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,875 discloses a cover for covering the
propeller and rear drive assembly of an outboard-inboard motor
boat. The cover has an electric taillight mounted to the rear of
the cover and which can be electrically connected to the taillight
wire of a boat trailer when the boat is mounted on the boat trailer
for towing on a roadway. The light serves as a warning to motorists
approaching the boat and boat trailer from the rear.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 4,998,496 discloses a shroud for a marine
propulsion system which includes a waterproof shroud body that can
be fastened to the transom of a boat to surround the outboard
portion of the propulsion system. Locking and sealing mechanisms
secure the shroud to the boat transom in water-tight engagement and
a submersible pump is operable to remove water from the shroud body
so that the propulsion system is effectively in dry dock.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 5,072,683 discloses a drainable protective
boat motor bag apparatus including a boot defining a bag for
fitting over the propeller and stem of an outdrive of a motor
mounted on the stern of a boat. The bag includes a channel
extending from the mouth to the closed end of the bag for receipt
of an open ended hose such that, once the bag has been positioned
over the stem, a hose may be inserted for pumping of residual from
such bag. A tie string may be incorporated around the mouth of the
bag for tying it to the stem and, if desirable, a separate
protective sack may be included for covering the propeller blades
to protect them from direct exposure to the bag itself.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 5,315,949 discloses an apparatus for
protectively covering a motor prop of a boat. The cover includes an
adjustable collar, a flexible, opaque bag, and an adjustable collar
draw line. The bag has an open top end attached to the collar. A
closed bottom end of the bag is opposed to the top end, and has a
weight attached thereto. The adjustable collar draw line of the
collar is such that with the bag placed over the outcropping, the
open end of the bag may be closed around the outcropping by pulling
the adjustable collar draw line. The collar includes a locking slot
for locking the adjustable collar draw line in place around the
outcropping. A manipulation handle removably attaches to the collar
for facilitating the placement and removal of the cover onto and
off of the outcropping. With the cover in place over the
outcropping, water and light are prevented from entering the
interior of the bag, whereby water borne life forms such as filter
feeding creatures and plant life cannot thrive within the cover. As
such, the motor prop is kept virtually free of water borne life
forms while the motor prop is covered.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 6,152,064 discloses a protective propeller
cover. The cover includes a flexible sleeve into which buoyant
material is placed to provide a buoyant enclosure. A flexible
propeller cover portion is secured to the flexible sleeve, and the
end of the cover is releasably secured about the propeller. The
buoyant enclosure is positioned adjacent to the propeller and
extends above the water line when the propeller is positioned
beneath the water line. The buoyant enclosure serves to protect
swimmers from direct contact with the propeller when swimming in
proximity to the boat. The protective propeller cover apparatus
further serves to protect the propeller during transport or
storage. The protective propeller cover apparatus further serves as
an anchor cover when the boat is underway. The protective propeller
cover apparatus further serves as an emergency flotation
device.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 6,609,938 discloses a propeller protector
slipper which is used on inboard and outboard motors of boats that
are anchored, drifting, aground, docked, in storage, or out of
water in transit. The propeller protector slipper ensures
protection for the propeller from elements that cause pitting and
damage to the propeller, as well as minimizing propeller related
injuries. The protector propeller slipper also provides a gage for
projecting the distance of the propeller of a trailered boat from a
following vehicle.
[0014] U.S. Publication No. 2008/0020657 discloses an apparatus for
protecting the out-drive of a watercraft. The apparatus comprises a
locating member adapted for attachment to the underside of the
marlin board of the watercraft and a shroud engageable with the
locating member to provide an enclosure about the outdrive. The
shroud is buoyant and can be floated into sliding engagement with
the locating member. The shroud has an opening which is closed upon
engagement of the shroud with the transom of the watercraft to
preventingress of water into the interior of the shroud. A
connection means and the locking means are provided for releasably
connecting the shroud to the locating member.
[0015] In addition to the use of physical coverings as illustrated
above, other strategies have been employed in efforts to reduce
biofouling. U.S. Publication No. 2009/0185867 discloses a system
and method for reducing vortex-induced vibration and drag about a
marine element. The system includes, but is not limited to, a shell
rotatably mounted about the marine element, the shell having
opposing edges defining a longitudinal gap configured to allow the
shell to snap around at least a portion of the marine element. A
fin can be positioned along each opposing edge of the longitudinal
gap, wherein each fin can extend outwardly from the shell. The fins
can be positioned on the shell so as to reduce vortex-induced
vibration and minimize drag on the marine element. One or more
antifouling agents can be disposed on, in, or about at least a
portion of the shell, the fins, or a combination thereof.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 7,390,560 discloses a coating system for
defouling a substrate. The system includes a ship hull, immersed in
water or seawater for long periods of time. The system comprises a
conductive layer, an antifouling layer and a means for providing an
energy pulse to the conductive layer. The conductive layer
comprises polymers, such as carbon filled polyethylene, which are
electrically conductive. The antifouling layer comprises polymers,
such as polydimethylsiloxane, which have a low surface free energy.
The layers are designed such that when the conductive layer is
exposed to a pulse of electrical, acoustic or microwave energy or
combinations thereof; said conductive layer separates from said
antifouling layer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The instant invention describes an anti-biofouling structure
for placement onto structures or surfaces that are exposed to
aquatic environments. Embedded within the anti-biofouling structure
are agents that can diffuse out of the structure and prevent the
formation and/or accumulation of plant and animal species. In a
particular embodiment, the anti-biofouling structure covers the
blades of a boat propeller. Embedded within this structure is the
anti-biofouling agent sirolimus. The instant invention also
describes a system for preventing biofouling of an object stored in
an aquatic environment. The system includes the anti-biofouling
structure and a protective cover element constructed and arranged
to fit various objects, such as a boat propeller.
[0018] In one embodiment, the instant invention describes an
anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object exposed to
aquatic environments comprising a formable covering material for
securing to an object which is in contact with an aquatic
environment. The formable covering material comprises at least one
anti-biofouling agent, whereby securing of the object with said
material results in preventing the formation of biofouling along
the surface of the object. The instant invention also describes a
system for preventing biofouling of objects which are exposed to
aquatic environments comprising a cover having a material
containing one or more anti-biofouling agents. The cover has a
front surface, an expandable body portion which is traversable
between a first position and a second expanded position, an
interior portion sized and shaped to enclose an object which is
exposed to aquatic environments, and one or more securing members
for securing said cover to said object. The system also includes a
formable covering material for securing to an object which is in
contact with an aquatic environment. The formable covering material
comprises at least one anti-biofouling agent, whereby securing of
the object with said material results in preventing the formation
of biofouling along the surface of the object.
[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the system includes a first
rigid member made of a material containing one or more
anti-biofouling materials hingedly securable to a second rigid
member. The second rigid member is made of a material containing
one or more anti-biofouling agents. Each of the rigid members
contains an interior which is sized and shaped to receive an object
which is exposed to an aquatic environment. The cover further
includes one or more securing members for securing the cover to the
object. The system also includes a formable covering material for
securing to an object which is in contact with an aquatic
environment. The formable covering material comprises at least one
anti-biofouling agent, whereby securing of the object with said
material results in preventing the formation of biofouling along
the surface of the object.
[0020] In another alternative embodiment, the system for preventing
biofouling of objects which are exposed to aquatic environments
comprises a flexible cover containing one or more anti-biofouling
materials. The cover contains a first face partially connected to a
second face and an interior portion sized and shaped to receive a
boat propeller. The second face contains a slitted portion
terminating in an opening which is sized and shaped to receive a
shaft of the propeller. The first face and the second face contain
a first member of a hook and loop fastener securing system. The
system further includes a strap containing a second member of a
hook and loop fastener securing system. The strap is sized and
shaped to secure to the first member of a hook and loop fastener
securing system.
[0021] Accordingly, it is a primary objective of the instant
invention to provide an anti-biofouling structure which prevents
the formation of biofouling on an object which is exposed to an
aquatic environment.
[0022] It is a further objective of the instant invention to
provide an anti-biofouling structure which contains anti-fouling
agent dispensing strips.
[0023] It is yet another objective of the instant invention to
provide an anti-biofouling structure which contains anti-fouling
agents within reservoirs and/or are microencapsulated.
[0024] It is a still further objective of the invention to provide
an anti-biofouling structure in which the anti-fouling agent is
sirolimus.
[0025] It is a further objective of the instant invention to
provide a system for preventing biofouling of an object stored in
an aquatic environment which includes an anti-biofouling structure
and a protective enclosure element.
[0026] Other objects and advantages of this invention will become
apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with
any accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of
illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention.
Any drawings contained herein constitute a part of this
specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present
invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0027] FIG. 1 is a simplified illustration of a typical boat
propeller system;
[0028] FIG. 2 illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure of the instant invention;
[0029] FIG. 3 illustrates placement of the anti-biofouling
structure to the propellers and propeller shaft;
[0030] FIG. 4 illustrates the anti-biofouling structure in the form
of a rolled up sheet;
[0031] FIG. 5 illustrates a general schematic of an oil rig used to
excavate oil reserves in deep waters with the anti-biofouling
structure attached to a portion of the rig;
[0032] FIG. 6 illustrates the use of the anti-biofouling structure
with a buoy;
[0033] FIG. 7A illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in which the diagonally arranged
horizontal and vertical elements contain anti-fouling agent
dispensing strips;
[0034] FIG. 7B illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in which the diagonally arranged
horizontal and vertical elements contain anti-fouling agents within
reservoirs and/or are microencapsulated;
[0035] FIG. 8A illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in which the horizontal and vertical
elements contain anti-fouling agent dispensing strips;
[0036] FIG. 8B illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in which the horizontal and vertical
elements contain anti-fouling agents within reservoirs and/or are
microencapsulated;
[0037] FIG. 9 illustrates a particular embodiment of the protective
enclosure element in the form of an expandable bag propeller
cover;
[0038] FIG. 10 illustrates the protective enclosure element in an
expanded position;
[0039] FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the
protective enclosure element;
[0040] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the back end of the
extended protective enclosure element;
[0041] FIG. 13 illustrates the protective enclosure element with a
stiffening plate;
[0042] FIG. 14 is a frontal view of the protective enclosure
element positioned over a boat propeller;
[0043] FIG. 15 illustrates the protective enclosure element
positioned over a boat propeller and secured to the boat propeller
shaft;
[0044] FIG. 16 illustrates both the protective enclosure element
positioned over a boat propeller and secured to the boat propeller
shaft and the anti-biofouling structure positioned on the blades of
the boat propeller;
[0045] FIG. 17 illustrates a front view of an alternative
embodiment of the anti-biofouling structure in the form of a claim
shell configuration;
[0046] FIG. 18 is a rear view of the alternative embodiment of the
biofouling structure illustrated in FIG. 17;
[0047] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the
biofouling structure illustrated in FIG. 17, illustrating the
components of the clamshell;
[0048] FIG. 20 is a side perspective view of the alternative
embodiment of the anti-biofouling structure;
[0049] FIG. 21 is a rear perspective view of the alternative
embodiment of the anti-biofouling structure shown in FIG. 20;
[0050] FIG. 22 is a rear perspective view of the alternative
embodiment of the anti-biofouling structure shown in FIG. 20,
illustrating the structure in a closed, sealed configuration;
[0051] FIG. 23 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in the form of collapsible bag-like
configuration;
[0052] FIG. 24 is a side view of the embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure shown in FIG. 23, illustrating the bag in
a closed, sealed configuration;
[0053] FIG. 25 is a side view of the anti-biofouling structure
shown in FIG. 24, illustrating the bag being removed from covering
of a propeller.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0054] While the present invention is susceptible of embodiment in
various forms, there is shown in the drawings and will hereinafter
be described a presently preferred, albeit not limiting, embodiment
with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be
considered an exemplification of the present invention and is not
intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments
illustrated.
[0055] The instant invention describes an anti-biofouling structure
for placement onto structures or surfaces that are exposed to
aquatic environments. While the anti-biofouling structure will be
described in the specification as being useful on a boat propeller,
one of skill in the art would recognize that the anti-biofouling
structure is not limited to boat propellers and may be applied to
numerous other structures placed in aquatic environments, such as
but not limited to pier posts, buoys, oil rig structures, boat
docks, and the like. Accordingly, FIG. 1 is a simplified
illustration of a typical boat propeller 10 having a motor drive
system 12. Attached to the hub 14 are multiple propeller blades 16.
A shaft 18, which interconnects the hub 14 to the outboard motor
drive system 12, provides a mechanism for rotational movement of
the propeller blades 16.
[0056] FIG. 2 illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure 20 in the form of a boat propeller sock.
The boat propeller sock 20 has a first end 22 and a second end 24.
The boat propeller sock 20 is placed on the propeller 16 by
inserting the distal end 16a of propeller 16 into the first end 22
of the boat propeller sock 20 through opening 26. As the boat
propeller sock 20 is positioned over the propeller 16, the boat
propeller sock 20 is aligned such that the first end 22 rests at or
near the proximal portion 16b of the propeller 16 and the second
end 24 of the boat propeller sock 20 rests at or near the distal
portion 16a of the propeller 16. In order to fit securely, the boat
propeller sock 20 can be constructed to include the same general
contoured shape as the propeller. FIG. 3 illustrates placement of
the boat propeller sock 20 on the multiple propeller blades 16.
[0057] While the instant invention has been described in the form
of a boat propeller sock, the anti-biofouling structure 20 can be
shaped to fit any structure. FIG. 4 illustrates the anti-biofouling
structure 20 in the form of a rolled up sheet. As such, the
anti-biofouling structure 20 can be placed onto various types of
aquatic structures, such as netting, in-take pipes, and sewage
pipes. FIG. 5 illustrates a general schematic of an oil rig used to
excavate oil reserves in deep waters. The oil rig 28 sits above
ocean water 30. Support columns 32 and 34 terminate at bases 36 and
38, respectively, resting at the ground level 40 below the ocean
surface. To extend the life of the support and base structures, the
anti-biofouling structure 20 can be either embedded within or, as
illustrated, simply wrapped around the support column and base.
FIG. 6 illustrates the use of the anti-biofouling structure 20 with
a buoy 42. The anti-biofouling structure 20 can be attached to the
portion of the buoy that is near or in direct contact with the
aquatic environment to prevent the accumulation of biofouling
within those areas. Additionally, anti-biofouling structure 20 can
be attached to any of the cables 46 which anchor the buoy 42 to the
sea floor.
[0058] FIGS. 7A, 7B, 8A, and 8B, illustrate particular embodiments
of the anti-biofouling structure 20 which comprise a lattice-like
or fenestrate arrangement. Alternatively, biofouling structure 20
may be in the form of a mesh. The anti-biofouling structure 20
contains a plurality of horizontally positioned elements 50
interweaved with a plurality of vertically positioned elements 52.
Both the horizontally positioned elements and the vertically
positioned elements may be arranged diagonally, thus forming a
crisscross pattern, see FIGS. 7A and 7B, or alternatively in a
parallel fashion relative to each other, thereby forming right
angles, see FIGS. 8A and 8B. While the figures illustrate a
significant spacing between the individual horizontal and/or
vertical elements, the spacing can be decreased in order to form an
anti-biofouling structure 20 which has a tightly knit, weaved
pattern with little or no spacing in between. In a preferred
embodiment, the horizontally positioned elements 50 and the
vertically positioned elements 52, such as fibers, are made of
natural or synthetic plastics, but could be made of other materials
such as metals, nylons, cotton, or combinations thereof. The
anti-biofouling structure 20 may also be constructed of a
biodegradable material such that continued exposure to the aquatic
environment results in environmentally friendly degradation.
Whichever type of materials are used, the anti-biofouling structure
20 may be constructed such that the structure is formable such that
it is capable of being expanded three-dimensionally, radially,
longitudinally, or combinations thereof. This constriction allows
positioning over an object so that the anti-biofouling structure 20
mirrors the contour of the surface of the object for which it is
attached thereto.
[0059] In order to impart anti-biofouling characteristics, attached
to or embedded within the horizontally positioned elements 50
and/or the vertically positioned elements 52 are agents which
prevent biofouling. In a preferred embodiment, the anti-biofouling
agent is sirolimus having the following chemical structure:
##STR00001##
Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is a macrocyclic triene
antibiotic originally isolated from the soil microorganism
streptomyces hygroscopicus. Since first being used as an
anti-fungal antibiotic, use of Sirolimus has expanded to other
fields of medicine. Sirolimus is commonly used as a powerful
immunosuppressant drug for preventing rejection after organ
transplant surgeries. Research also indicates that Sirolimus can
act as a cell-cycle inhibitor, blocking the natural progression of
the cell cycle. Other anti-biofouling agents, such as biocides,
known to one of skill in the art may be used as well, either
individually, or in combination. Anti-biofouling agents which
prevent both microfouling, such as biofilm formation and bacterial
attachment, and macrofouling, such as attachment of large
organisms, including barnacles or mussels, are preferable.
[0060] Referring to FIGS. 7A and 8A, attached to the horizontally
positioned element 50 and the vertically positioned element 52 are
strips 54. The strips 54 contain various concentrations of
sirolimus and are constructed in such a manner as to leach or
diffuse out of the strip 54 and into the external environment, thus
preventing the various plant and animal species from attaching or
establishing a presence on the anti-biofouling structure 20. FIGS.
7B and 8B illustrate an alternative embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure 20. The anti-biofouling structure 20 has
a reservoir 56 which contains free or microencapsulated sirolimus.
The microencapsulation provides a mechanism in which the sirolimus
is diffused or released into the environment in a time dependant
manner. The sirolimus filled microcapsules 58 can be embedded into
the horizontally positioned element 50 and the vertically
positioned element 52 without the use of the reservoir 56. While
these mechanisms described above may be the preferred methods for
embedding sirolimus within the anti-biofouling structure 20, other
methods of inserting the anti-fouling agent, such as the use of
spray-on applications, as known to one of skill in the art is
contemplated. Additionally, the anti-biofouling structure 20 need
not contain the vertical or horizontal elements but may rather be
made of a pliable sheet which contains the anti-fouling agent
embedded therein. To provide a securing mechanism, the
anti-biofouling structure 20 can include fastening elements, such
as but not limited to loop 62 and hook 64 type fasteners, such as
VELCRO, or snaps, buttons, glue strips, or zippers.
[0061] The instant invention further contemplates a system for
preventing biofouling of an object stored in an aquatic
environment. The system includes the anti-biofouling structure as
previously described and a protective enclosure element, which may
comprise a material containing one or more anti-biofouling agents.
FIG. 9 illustrates a particular embodiment of the protective
enclosure element 64 in the form of an expandable bag. Protective
enclosure element 64 has a generally circular shaped front surface
66 and an expandable/collapsible body portion 68. A portion of the
expandable/collapsible body contains accordion-like infoldings 70
which allow the protective enclosure element 64 to be traversed
between a first resting or collapsed position, see FIG. 9, and a
second fully extended position, see FIG. 11, or multiple positions
between the first and second positions.
[0062] Attached to the protective enclosure element 64 is a first
cable 72 and a second cable 74. The first cable 72 and the second
cable 74 which can be made of rope, plastic, or preferably of
stainless steel, connect via attaching element 76, such as a clip
or swage, to a single securing cable or lanyard 78. When in the
extended form, the securing end 80 of the protective enclosure
element 64 is exposed and secures the protective enclosure element
64 to a structure or object, such as an exposed shaft of a boat
propeller, by way of fastening element 82, see FIG. 10. Fastening
element 82 can be connected to the protective enclosure element 64
through a securing string 84. FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative
embodiment of the protective enclosure element 64. This embodiment
contains the same features as described previously; however, the
second cable has a coiled portion 86.
[0063] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the fully extended
protective enclosure element 64. As illustrated, the securing end
80 contains the fastening elements 88 and 90. The fastening
elements 88 and 90 are illustrated as a loop and hook type
fastener, i.e. VELCRO, however, the fastening elements may also
include snaps, clasps, clip, buttons, zippers, or other fastening
type devices known to one of skill in the art. Although not
necessary, the securing end 80 may be designed to contain portions
92 and 94 which provide a place in which securing end 80 may be
attached to the external aquatic structure.
[0064] FIG. 15 illustrates the protective enclosure element 64 in
the fully extended position and placed over the propeller 16. FIG.
16 shows the addition of the anti-biofouling structure 20 to the
propeller 16. In use, the protective enclosure element 64 and the
anti-biofouling structure 20 can be secured to the necessary
structures with the aid of a diver. For example, the diver
encapsulates the protective enclosure element 64 over the propeller
16 by extending the protective enclosure element 64 from the first
storage position to the second extendable position. The protective
enclosure element 64 is secured to the exposed propeller shaft 18
through the securing element 82, including but not limited to a
gasket such as a closed cell foam ring (not illustrated) and a
circlip, see 82' FIG. 9, commonly used on agriculture equipment.
The securing elements can be constructed of plastic or stainless
steel materials and can be sized to fit specific sized shafts. The
protective enclosure element 64 may also be designed to seal
against itself through the use of various sealing methods such as
snaps, buttons, or hook and loop fastening systems, such as VELCRO.
In a particular embodiment, the securing end 80 of the protective
enclosure element 64 is sealed with VECLRO type retention strips 88
and 90 which are attached to the outside perimeter of the
protective enclosure element 64. This provides attachment of the
protective enclosure element 64 around the propeller shaft.
[0065] The protective enclosure element 64 may also include a
semi-rigid, rectangular plastic stiffening plate 96, see FIG. 13.
The stiffening plate 96 is riveted to the inside of the protective
enclosure element 64. The plate assists in defining the protective
enclosure element 64 and will also facilitate the removal process
by providing support for the device that triggers release of the
protective enclosure element 64 from around the propeller. This
balances and facilitates the removal of the protective enclosure
element 64, thus reducing the likelihood of the device becoming
ensnared in either the propeller blades or rudder appendages. The
circlip 82', which maintains the protective enclosure element 64
seal around the propeller shaft 18, may be designed to have a
looped portion. The VELCRO which is used to seal the forward end of
the protective enclosure element 64 on both sides of the forward
face also contains a looped portion. The looped portion can be used
to clip the circlip together. This prevents the VECLRO connection
from becoming unattached and secures the circlip. Once secured in
place, the protective enclosure element 64 and the anti-biofouling
structure 20, which has been fitted to the propellers 16, remain in
place without the need for continuous monitoring and re-securing
steps, thereby protecting the encapsulated structures from the
aquatic environment without any additional efforts from the
user.
[0066] One of the advantages of the system as described herein is
that the components of the system are designed for easy removal.
The two cables 72 and 74 are positioned on the outside surface of
the protective enclosure element 64 and are fed over the top of the
propeller blades when the protective enclosure element 64 is fully
extended. The two cables may be positioned at points which are 180
degrees from each other when facing the back side of the propeller.
Each of the cables may simply be attached to the protective
enclosure element 64 via stitching, gluing, or through the use of a
small diameter, TEFLON-lined synthetic guide tube 98, see FIGS. 10
and 14. The tube can be secured at one or more points on each side
of the outside perimeter of the protective enclosure element 64.
The tubes can be designed to contain a 90 degree bend with an
opening facing the aft and the other end facing the propeller
shaft. The cables 72 and 74 are secured together with the attaching
element 76 to form the single securing cable 78. The securing cable
78 is led aft and up over a portion of the boat, such as the swim
platform or transom, and secured to the inside of the boat through
a cleat on each side of the boat with slight tension. When the boat
is at rest, the likelihood that the cable becomes entangled by an
object and results in creating a strong enough tension so as to
dislodge the securing devices is minimal.
[0067] Once the boat operator decides that the protective enclosure
element 64 must be removed, the operator pulls upon the securing
cable 78 with a backward force. Such a force simultaneously pulls
on the circlip and releases the device from the propeller shaft.
The backward force also releases the VELCRO connection, thereby
releasing the protective enclosure element 64. The protective
enclosure element 64 is now free to be pulled completely off the
enclosed object, i.e. propeller 16. Once free from the propeller,
the boat operator can start the engine, thereby creating rotational
spin of the propellers. As the propellers rotate, the
anti-biofouling sock 20 is expelled from the propellers into the
water. The operator can then simply retrieve the expelled
anti-biofouling sock 20 from the water. Alternatively, if the
anti-biofouling sock 20 is made of a degradable material, the sock
can be left safely in the water to naturally disintegrate.
[0068] FIGS. 17-19 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure, illustrated generally as 100. In this
embodiment, the structure 100 is formed from a first rigid member
102 and a second rigid member 104 interconnected to form a
clam-shell configuration. Each of the rigid members 102 and 104
contain an interior 106 and 108 which is sized and shaped to house
a propeller. The outer shell is preferably made from a material,
such as plastics or a natural material, such as cotton, having a
hardness to retain its shape. Coated into the plastic or cotton
material is one or more anti-biofouling, biocide materials.
Alternatively, or in combination, a biocide paint may be used to
coat the outer surfaces 110 and 112. In one embodiment, the bottom
edge 114 of the first rigid member 102 and the bottom edge 116 of
the second rigid member 104 are hingedly connected through a living
hinge 118 and 120 or any other hinge mechanism which allows each of
the halves to move relative to each other, thereby opening and
closing about the hinge. Each of the rigid members 102 and 104 may
further contain a cut-out section 122 and 124 which are sized and
shaped to allow a rotor shaft to pass through when placed side by
side.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 18, when the first rigid member 102 is
aligned with the second rigid member 104, the cut out sections 122
and 124 form an opening 126. When the structure 100 is placed over
a rotor, the shaft connecting to the rotor passes through the
opening. To secure the first rigid member to the second rigid
member, the top surface 128 of the first rigid member 102 and the
top surface 130 of the second rigid member 104 contain one locking
member of a locking mechanism. As illustrated, the top surface 128
contains an eyelet 132 which is positioned to align with in a
parallel fashion, or overlap, a second eyelet 134 attached to the
top surface of 130 when the two rigid members are closed together.
A securing member, illustrated herein as a cotter pin 136, may be
used to secure the two members together. Preferably, the cotter pin
136 is secured to a portion of a lanyard 138. A second portion of
the lanyard 138 is attached to either half of the clam shell
halves. As shown in FIG. 18, the lanyard 138 attaches to the bottom
surface area 140 of the first half 102 or the bottom surface 142 of
the second half 104 through, for example, an eyelet 144. The amount
of lanyard which attaches to the cotter pin 136 is preferably less
than the amount of lanyard used to attach to the bottom. In this
manner, pulling on the handle attached to the lanyard 138 results
in pulling the pin 136 from the overlapping eyelets 132 and 134
first. As the lanyard 138 is continually pulled back, at some point
a tension is formed on the part of the lanyard that is connected to
either of the rigid members 102 or 104, resulting in the pulling
apart of one or both of the rigid members 102 and 104. Although not
illustrated, each of the halves may contain a weighted section to
allow them to sink below the boat. Since they remain attached to
the lanyard, the user can simply retrieve the halves by pulling on
the lanyard 138. Alternative securing mechanisms, including
buttons, snaps, zippers or other means known to one of skill in the
art can be used as well.
[0070] Referring to FIGS. 20-22, an alternative embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure is shown and illustrated as a bag-like
cover 146. The bag-like cover 146 is preferably made of a pliable
plastic or natural fiber material which is impregnated,
encapsulated, or coated with a biocide material. The bag-like cover
146 contains two panels 148 and 150, see FIGS. 20 and 21. Panel 148
contains a face 152 which forms the front portion of the bag-like
cover 146 and an edge 154 which traverses the perimeter of the face
152. The panel 150 contains a face 156 which forms the back portion
of the bag-like cover 146. An edge 158 traverses the perimeter of
the face of 156. The panels 148 and 150 interconnect through edges
154 and 158 to form an interior portion 160. The interior portion
160 is sized and shaped to receive a structure, such as a boat
propeller, which needs to be protected from the effects of
biofouling. Preferably, the two panels 148 and 150 are partially
interconnected through a fastening mechanism, such as stitching 162
or chemical means.
[0071] As illustrated in FIG. 21, a portion of the bag-like cover
146 does not provide for the panels 148 and 150 to be
interconnected by stitching 162. This configuration provides for an
opening 164. The opening 164 provides a means for the bag-like
cover 146 to be arranged over a structure or object which needs to
be protected from biofouling. Once secured over the object,
bag-like cover 146 can be closed through securing members such as
buttons, snaps, zippers, or other means known to one of skill in
the art. In a preferred embodiment, the securing members are
preferably a loop and hook type fastening system, i.e. VELCRO.
Accordingly, a portion of the edges 154 and 158 or the faces 152
and 156 may contain the VELCRO loops 166 secured through, for
example stitching or chemical fastening, their surfaces. An
externally attached strap containing VELCRO hooks is used to fasten
the edges 154 and 158 together. By placing edges 154 and 158 in
close proximity, the strap 168 containing the VELCRO hooks is
placed over the VELCRO loops 166 portions, see FIG. 22.
[0072] As illustrated in FIG. 21, the back face 156 contains a
slitted portion 170 which terminates in a portion of the bag which
extends outwardly facing cylindrical shape 172. The slitted portion
170 provides for the bag-like cover to enclose an object which
contains portions which may not need to be covered. For example,
the cylindrical shape 172 shown in FIG. 21 is designed to allow the
bag-like cover 146 to enclose the propeller of the boat but allow
the propeller shaft 174 to extend out. The portions of the face 156
that defines the slitted areas can be covered with VELCRO loops as
described above. Aligning the areas in close proximity allows a
second strap 176 containing VELCRO hooks to be placed on top to
secure them together around the circumference of the propeller
shaft 174. Each of the straps 168 and 176 may contain one or more
attached O-rings (not illustrated). One or more lanyards (not
illustrated) may be attached to the O-rings. Pulling the lanyards
away from the cover provides a force that results in removal of the
straps 168 and 176 from the VELCRO loops 166. Fastened to the
interior portion of the cover 146 may be one or more D-rings (not
illustrated) which preferably attach to one or both straps 168 and
176 through, for example, stitching. Once coupled to the D-rings,
the straps 168 and/or 176 remain connected to the bag thereby
reducing the risk that they will be displaced. One or more openings
along the surface of the bag may be utilized to allow the straps to
exit the interior portion and couple to the VELCRO loops 166. Once
the straps are removed from the VELCRO loops 166, the bag is
partially opened and it can be removed from covering the
object.
[0073] Referring to FIGS. 23-25, an alternative embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure is shown and illustrated as bag 178. The
bag 178 is preferably constructed of a collapsible plastic
material, similar to a standard garbage bag, and is impregnated or
coated with a biocide material. The bag 178 contains a main body
comprising an opening which is sized and shaped to allow a
structure to be stored within the interior portion 184. The outer
edges 186 and 184 may be made of a stronger material than that of
the body to allow the bag 178 to maintain some shape. Tightening
members, illustrated herein as drawstring 190 and 192, are used to
enclose the bag 178 over the object. Drawstring 190 and 192 are
preferably constructed in such a manner that, as the first
drawstring 190 is pulled toward the second drawstring 192, opening
182 is reduced. Additionally, the drawstring 190 and 192, when
pulled together maintain a tension so that when they are not
secured together, they retract back to their original, non-pulled
state. The drawstrings 190 and 192 contain eyelets 194 and 196
which align together when the two drawstrings are pulled toward
each other. A securing member, such as a cotter pin 198 is used to
secure the drawings together. In a similar manner, as described
before, the cotter pin 198 can be secured to a string 200. The
opposite end of the string 200 may be attached to the bag 178 at a
canvas strap 202. Pulling on the canvas strap 202 results in
dislodging the cotter pin 198 from the eyelets 194 and 196. Once
the eyelets are no longer secured to each other, the drawstrings
190 and 192 retract, opening the bag and exposing object,
illustrated herein, as a boat propeller 204, see FIG. 25.
[0074] All patents and publications mentioned in this specification
are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which
the invention pertains. All patents and publications are herein
incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual
publication was specifically and individually indicated to be
incorporated by reference.
[0075] It is to be understood that while a certain form of the
invention is illustrated, it is not to be limited to the specific
form or arrangement herein described and shown. It will be apparent
to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made
without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention
is not to be considered limited to what is shown and described in
the specification and any drawings/figures included herein.
[0076] One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the
present invention is well adapted to carry out the objectives and
obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent
therein. The embodiments, methods, procedures and techniques
described herein are presently representative of the preferred
embodiments, are intended to be exemplary and are not intended as
limitations on the scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur
to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit
of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended
claims. Although the invention has been described in connection
with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that
the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such
specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the
described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to
those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the
following claims.
* * * * *