U.S. patent application number 13/157976 was filed with the patent office on 2012-01-05 for soybean mth1 promoter and its use in constitutive expression of transgenic genes in plants.
Invention is credited to Zhongsen LI.
Application Number | 20120005791 13/157976 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 41800308 |
Filed Date | 2012-01-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120005791 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
LI; Zhongsen |
January 5, 2012 |
Soybean MTH1 Promoter And Its Use In Constitutive Expression Of
Transgenic Genes In Plants
Abstract
The promoter of a soybean metallothionein protein (MTH1) and
fragments thereof and their use in promoting the expression of one
or more heterologous nucleic acid fragments in a tissue-independent
or constitutive manner in plants are described.
Inventors: |
LI; Zhongsen; (Hockessin,
DE) |
Family ID: |
41800308 |
Appl. No.: |
13/157976 |
Filed: |
June 10, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12546157 |
Aug 24, 2009 |
8026412 |
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13157976 |
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61095333 |
Sep 9, 2008 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
800/312 ;
435/320.1; 435/419; 536/24.1; 800/298 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12N 15/8216
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
800/312 ;
536/24.1; 435/320.1; 435/419; 800/298 |
International
Class: |
A01H 5/00 20060101
A01H005/00; A01H 5/10 20060101 A01H005/10; C12N 5/10 20060101
C12N005/10; C12N 15/113 20100101 C12N015/113; C12N 15/63 20060101
C12N015/63 |
Claims
1. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a promoter region of the
MTH1 Glycine max gene as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein said
promoter comprises a deletion at the 5'-terminus of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74,
75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106,
107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119,
120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132,
133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145,
146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158,
159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171,
172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184,
185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197,
198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210,
211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223,
224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236,
237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249,
250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275,
276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288,
289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301,
302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314,
315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327,
328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340,
341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353,
354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366,
367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379,
380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392,
393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405,
406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418,
419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431,
432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444,
445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457,
458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470,
471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483,
484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496,
497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509,
510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522,
523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535,
536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548,
549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561,
562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574,
575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587,
588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600,
601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613,
614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626,
627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639,
640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652,
653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665,
666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678,
679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691,
692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704,
705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717,
718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730,
731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743,
744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756,
757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769,
770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782,
783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795,
796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808,
809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821,
822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834,
835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847,
848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860,
861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873,
874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886,
887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899,
900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912,
913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925,
926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938,
939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951,
952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964,
965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977,
978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990,
991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002,
1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013,
1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024,
1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035,
1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046,
1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057,
1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068,
1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079,
1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090,
1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101,
1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112,
1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123,
1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134,
1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145,
1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156,
1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167,
1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178,
1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189,
1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200,
1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211,
1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222,
1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233,
1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244,
1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255,
1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266,
1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277,
1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288,
1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299,
1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310,
1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321,
1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332,
1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343,
1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354,
1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365,
1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376,
1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387,
1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, or 1396 consecutive
nucleotides, wherein the first nucleotide deleted is the guanine
nucleotide at position 1 of SEQ ID NO:1.
2-4. (canceled)
5. The isolated polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the
polynucleotide is a constitutive promoter.
6. A recombinant DNA construct comprising the isolated
polynucleotide of claim 1 operably linked to at least one
heterologous sequence.
7. A vector comprising the recombinant DNA construct of claim
6.
8. A cell comprising the recombinant DNA construct of claim 6.
9. The cell of claim 8, wherein the cell is a plant cell.
10. A transgenic plant having stably incorporated into its genome
the recombinant DNA construct of claim 6.
11. The transgenic plant of claim 10 wherein said plant is selected
from the group consisting of dicotyledonous plants.
12. The plant of claim 11 wherein the plant is soybean.
13. Transgenic seed produced by the transgenic plant of claim
11.
14-21. (canceled)
22. The recombinant DNA construct according to claim 6, wherein the
heterologous nucleic acid sequence codes for a gene selected from
the group consisting of: a reporter gene, a selection marker, a
disease resistance conferring gene, a herbicide resistance
conferring gene, an insect resistance conferring gene; a gene
involved in carbohydrate metabolism, a gene involved in fatty acid
metabolism, a gene involved in amino acid metabolism, a gene
involved in plant development, a gene involved in plant growth
regulation, a gene involved in yield improvement, a gene involved
in drought resistance, a gene involved in cold resistance, a gene
involved in heat and salt resistance in plants.
23. The recombinant DNA construct according to claim 6, wherein the
heterologous nucleic acid sequence encodes a protein selected from
the group consisting of: a reporter protein, a selection marker, a
protein conferring disease resistance, protein conferring herbicide
resistance, protein conferring insect resistance; protein involved
in carbohydrate metabolism, protein involved in fatty acid
metabolism, protein involved in amino acid metabolism, protein
involved in plant development, protein involved in plant growth
regulation, protein involved in yield improvement, protein involved
in drought resistance, protein involved in cold resistance, protein
involved in heat resistance and salt resistance in plants.
Description
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/095,333, filed Sep. 9, 2008, the entire content
of which is herein incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to a plant promoter GM-MTH1 and
fragments thereof and their use in altering expression of at least
one heterologous nucleic acid fragment in plants in a
tissue-independent or constitutive manner.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Recent advances in plant genetic engineering have opened new
doors to engineer plants to have improved characteristics or
traits, such as plant disease resistance, insect resistance,
herbicidal resistance, yield improvement, improvement of the
nutritional quality of the edible portions of the plant, and
enhanced stability or shelf-life of the ultimate consumer product
obtained from the plants. Thus, a desired gene (or genes) with the
molecular function to impart different or improved characteristics
or qualities, can be incorporated properly into the plant's genome.
The newly integrated gene (or genes) coding sequence can then be
expressed in the plant cell to exhibit the desired new trait or
characteristics. It is important that appropriate regulatory
signals must be present in proper configurations in order to obtain
the expression of the newly inserted gene coding sequence in the
plant cell. These regulatory signals typically include a promoter
region, a 5' non-translated leader sequence and a 3' transcription
termination/polyadenylation sequence.
[0004] A promoter is a non-coding genomic DNA sequence, usually
upstream (5') to the relevant coding sequence, to which RNA
polymerase binds before initiating transcription. This binding
aligns the RNA polymerase so that transcription will initiate at a
specific transcription initiation site. The nucleotide sequence of
the promoter determines the nature of the enzyme and other related
protein factors that attach to it and the rate of RNA synthesis.
The RNA is processed to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) which serves
as a template for translation of the RNA sequence into the amino
acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide. The 5' non-translated
leader sequence is a region of the mRNA upstream of the coding
region that may play a role in initiation and translation of the
mRNA. The 3' transcription termination/polyadenylation signal is a
non-translated region downstream of the coding region that
functions in the plant cell to cause termination of the RNA
synthesis and the addition of polyadenylate nucleotides to the 3'
end.
[0005] It has been shown that certain promoters are able to direct
RNA synthesis at a higher rate than others. These are called
"strong promoters". Certain other promoters have been shown to
direct RNA synthesis at higher levels only in particular types of
cells or tissues and are often referred to as "tissue specific
promoters", or "tissue-preferred promoters" if the promoters direct
RNA synthesis preferably in certain tissues but also in other
tissues at reduced levels. Since the patterns of the expression of
a chimeric gene (or genes) introduced into a plant are controlled
using promoters, there is an ongoing interest in the isolation of
novel promoters which are capable of controlling the expression of
a chimeric gene or (genes) at certain levels in specific tissue
types or at specific plant developmental stages.
[0006] Certain promoters are able to direct RNA synthesis at
relatively similar levels across all tissues of a plant. These are
called "constitutive promoters" or "tissue-independent" promoters.
Constitutive promoters can be divided into strong, moderate and
weak according to their effectiveness to direct RNA synthesis.
Since it is necessary in many cases to simultaneously express a
chimeric gene (or genes) in different tissues of a plant to get the
desired functions of the gene (or genes), constitutive promoters
are especially useful in this consideration. Though many
constitutive promoters have been discovered from plants and plant
viruses and characterized, there is still an ongoing interest in
the isolation of more novel constitutive promoters which are
capable of controlling the expression of a chimeric gene or (genes)
at different levels and the expression of multiple genes in the
same transgenic plant for gene stacking.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] This invention concerns an isolated nucleic acid fragment
comprising a promoter wherein said promoter consists essentially of
the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
or said promoter consists essentially of a fragment that is
substantially similar and functionally equivalent to the nucleotide
sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
[0008] In a second embodiment, this invention concerns a
recombinant expression construct comprising at least one
heterologous nucleic acid fragment operably linked to the promoter
of the invention.
[0009] In a third embodiment, this invention concerns a cell,
plant, or seed comprising a recombinant expression construct of the
present disclosure.
[0010] In a fourth embodiment, this invention concerns plants
comprising this recombinant expression construct and seeds obtained
from such plants.
[0011] In a fifth embodiment, this invention concerns a method of
altering (increasing or decreasing) expression of at least one
heterologous nucleic acid fragment in a plant cell which comprises:
[0012] (a) transforming a plant cell with the recombinant
expression construct described above; [0013] (b) growing fertile
mature plants from the transformed plant cell of step (a); [0014]
(c) selecting plants containing the transformed plant cell wherein
the expression of the heterologous nucleic acid fragment is
increased or decreased.
[0015] In a sixth embodiment, this invention concerns a method for
expressing a yellow fluorescent protein ZS-YELLOW1 N1 in a host
cell comprising: [0016] (a) transforming a host cell with a
recombinant expression construct comprising at least one ZS-YELLOW1
N1 (YFP) nucleic acid fragment operably linked to a promoter
wherein said promoter consists essentially of the nucleotide
sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and [0017]
(b) growing the transformed host cell under conditions that are
suitable for expression of the recombinant DNA construct, wherein
expression of the recombinant DNA construct results in production
of increased levels of ZS-YELLOW1 N1 protein in the transformed
host cell when compared to a corresponding nontransformed host
cell.
[0018] In a seventh embodiment, this invention concerns an isolated
nucleic acid fragment comprising a plant metallothionein protein
(MTH1) gene promoter.
[0019] In an eighth embodiment, this invention concerns a method of
altering a marketable plant trait. The marketable plant trait
concerns genes and proteins involved in disease resistance,
herbicide resistance, insect resistance, carbohydrate metabolism,
fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, plant development,
plant growth regulation, yield improvement, drought resistance,
cold resistance, heat resistance, and salt resistance.
[0020] In a ninth embodiment, this invention concerns an isolated
polynucleotide linked to a heterologous nucleic acid sequence. The
heterologous nucleic acid sequence encodes a protein involved in
disease resistance, herbicide resistance, insect resistance;
carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid
metabolism, plant development, plant growth regulation, yield
improvement, drought resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance,
or salt resistance in plants.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND SEQUENCE LISTINGS
[0021] The invention can be more fully understood from the
following detailed description and the accompanying drawings and
Sequence Listing that form a part of this application.
[0022] FIG. 1 is the logarithm of relative quantifications of the
soybean MTH1 gene expression in 14 different soybean tissues by
quantitative RT-PCR. The gene expression profile indicates that the
MTH1 gene is highly expressed in all the checked tissues.
[0023] FIG. 2 is MTH1 promoter copy number analysis by
Southern.
[0024] FIG. 3A-3B shows the maps of plasmid QC371, QC324i, and
QC383.
[0025] FIG. 4A-4B shows the maps of plasmid pCR8/GW/TOPO QC371-1,
QC300, and QC371-1Y containing the truncated 1255 bp MTH1 promoter.
Promoter deletion constructs QC371-2Y, QC371-3Y, QC371-4Y, and
QC371-5Y containing the 1003, 775, 513, and 262 bp truncated MTH1
promoters, respectively, have the same map configuration, except
for the truncated promoter sequences.
[0026] FIG. 5 is the schematic description of the full length
construct QC371 and its progressive truncation constructs,
QC371-1Y, QC371-2Y, QC371-3Y, QC371-4Y, and QC371-5Y, of the MTH1
promoter. The size of each promoter is given at the left end of
each drawing.
[0027] FIG. 6 is the transient expression of the fluorescent
protein reporter gene ZS-YELLOW1 N1 in the cotyledons of
germinating soybean seeds. The reporter gene is driven by the full
length MTH1 promoter in QC371 or by progressively truncated MTH1
promoters in the transient expression constructs QC371-1Y to
QC371-5Y.
[0028] FIG. 7 is the stable expression of the fluorescent protein
reporter gene ZS-YELLOW1 N1 in transgenic soybean plants containing
a single copy of the transgene construct QC383.
[0029] The sequence descriptions summarize the Sequence Listing
attached hereto. The Sequence Listing contains one letter codes for
nucleotide sequence characters and the single and three letter
codes for amino acids as defined in the IUPAC-IUB standards
described in Nucleic Acids Research 13:3021-3030 (1985) and in the
Biochemical Journal 219(2):345-373 (1984).
[0030] A Sequence Listing is provided herewith on Compact Disk. The
contents of the Compact Disk containing the Sequence Listing are
hereby incorporated by reference in compliance with 37 C.F.R.
.sctn.1.52(e).
[0031] SEQ ID NO:1 is the DNA sequence comprising a 1658 bp (base
pair) soybean MTH1 promoter.
[0032] SEQ ID NO:2 is a 1255 bp truncated form of the MTH1 promoter
shown in SEQ ID NO:1 (bp 404-1658 of SEQ ID NO:1).
[0033] SEQ ID NO:3 is a 1003 bp truncated form of the MTH1 promoter
shown in SEQ ID NO:1 (bp 656-1658 of SEQ ID NO:1).
[0034] SEQ ID NO:4 is a 775 bp truncated form of the MTH1 promoter
shown in SEQ ID NO:1 (bp 884-1658 of SEQ ID NO:1).
[0035] SEQ ID NO:5 is a 513 bp truncated form of the MTH1 promoter
shown in SEQ ID NO:1 (bp 1146-1658 of SEQ ID NO:1).
[0036] SEQ ID NO:6 is a 262 bp truncated form of the MTH1 promoter
shown in SEQ ID NO:1 (bp 1397-1658 of SEQ ID NO:1).
[0037] SEQ ID NO:7 is an oligonucleotide primer used as a sense
primer in the PCR amplification of the full length MTH1 promoter in
SEQ ID NO:1 when paired with SEQ ID NO:8. A restriction enzyme XmaI
recognition site CCCGGG is included for subsequent cloning.
[0038] SEQ ID NO:8 is an oligonucleotide primer used as an
antisense primer in the PCR amplification of the full length MTH1
promoter in SEQ ID NO:1 when paired with SEQ ID NO:7. A restriction
enzyme NcoI recognition site CCATGG is included for subsequent
cloning.
[0039] SEQ ID NO:9 is an oligonucleotide primer used as an
antisense primer in the PCR amplifications of the truncated MTH1
promoters in SEQ ID NOs:2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 when paired with SEQ ID
NOs:10, 11, 12, 13, or 14, respectively.
[0040] SEQ ID NO:10 is an oligonucleotide primer used as a sense
primer in the PCR amplification of the truncated MTH1 promoter in
SEQ ID NO:2 when paired with SEQ ID NO:9.
[0041] SEQ ID NO:11 is an oligonucleotide primer used as a sense
primer in the PCR amplification of the truncated MTH1 promoter in
SEQ ID NO:3 when paired with SEQ ID NO:9.
[0042] SEQ ID NO:12 is an oligonucleotide primer used as a sense
primer in the PCR amplification of the truncated MTH1 promoter in
SEQ ID NO:4 when paired with SEQ ID NO:9.
[0043] SEQ ID NO:13 is an oligonucleotide primer used as a sense
primer in the PCR amplification of the truncated MTH1 promoter in
SEQ ID NO:5 when paired with SEQ ID NO:9.
[0044] SEQ ID NO:14 is an oligonucleotide primer used as a sense
primer in the PCR amplification of the truncated MTH1 promoter in
SEQ ID NO:6 when paired with SEQ ID NO:9.
[0045] SEQ ID NO:15 is the 574 bp nucleotide sequence of the
putative soybean metallothionein protein gene MTH1 (PSO333209).
Nucleotides 1 to 78 are the 5' untranslated sequence, nucleotides
79 to 81 are the translation initiation codon, nucleotides 79 to
315 are the polypeptide coding region, nucleotides 316 to 318 are
the termination codon, and nucleotides 319 to 574 are part of the
3' untranslated sequence.
[0046] SEQ ID NO:16 is the predicted 79 as (amino acid) long
peptide sequence translated from the coding region of the putative
soybean metallothionein protein gene MTH1 nucleotide sequence SEQ
ID NO:15.
[0047] SEQ ID NO:17 is the 4942 bp sequence of QC371. SEQ ID NO:18
is the 9467 bp sequence of QC383.
[0048] SEQ ID NO:19 is the 4913 bp sequence of QC371-1Y.
[0049] SEQ ID NO:20 is an oligonucleotide primer used in the
diagnostic PCR to check for soybean genomic DNA presence in total
RNA or cDNA when paired with SEQ ID NO:21.
[0050] SEQ ID NO:21 is an oligonucleotide primer used in the
diagnostic PCR to check for soybean genomic DNA presence in total
RNA or cDNA when paired with SEQ ID NO:20.
[0051] SEQ ID NO:22 is a sense primer used in quantitative RT-PCR
analysis of PSO333209 gene expression.
[0052] SEQ ID NO:23 is an antisense primer used in quantitative
RT-PCR analysis of PSO333209 gene expression.
[0053] SEQ ID NO:24 is a sense primer used as an endogenous control
gene primer in quantitative RT-PCR analysis of gene expression.
[0054] SEQ ID NO:25 is an antisense primer used as an endogenous
control gene primer in quantitative RT-PCR analysis of gene
expression.
[0055] SEQ ID NO:26 is a PSO333209 gene-specific sense primer used
together with SEQ ID NO:27 to screen BAC (bacterial artificial
chromosome) libraries to identify corresponding BAC clones.
[0056] SEQ ID NO:27 is a PSO333209 gene-specific antisense primer
used together with SEQ ID NO:26 to screen BAC libraries to identify
corresponding BAC clones.
[0057] SEQ ID NO:28 is a sense primer used in quantitative PCR
analysis of SAMS:ALS transgene copy numbers.
[0058] SEQ ID NO:29 is a FAM labeled fluorescent DNA oligo probe
used in quantitative PCR analysis of SAMS:ALS transgene copy
numbers.
[0059] SEQ ID NO:30 is an antisense primer used in quantitative PCR
analysis of SAMS:ALS transgene copy numbers.
[0060] SEQ ID NO:31 is a sense primer used in quantitative PCR
analysis of GM-MTH1:YFP transgene copy numbers.
[0061] SEQ ID NO:32 is a FAM labeled fluorescent DNA oligo probe
used in quantitative PCR analysis of GM-MTH1:YFP transgene copy
numbers.
[0062] SEQ ID NO:33 is an antisense primer used in quantitative PCR
analysis of GM-MTH1:YFP transgene copy numbers.
[0063] SEQ ID NO:34 is a sense primer used as an endogenous control
gene primer in quantitative PCR analysis of transgene copy
numbers.
[0064] SEQ ID NO:35 is a VIC labeled DNA oligo probe used as an
endogenous control gene probe in quantitative PCR analysis of
transgene copy numbers.
[0065] SEQ ID NO:36 is an antisense primer used as an endogenous
control gene primer in quantitative PCR analysis of transgene copy
numbers.
[0066] SEQ ID NO:37 is the recombination site attL1 sequence in the
GATEWAY.RTM. cloning system (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.).
[0067] SEQ ID NO:38 is the recombination site attL2 sequence in the
GATEWAY.RTM. cloning system (Invitrogen).
[0068] SEQ ID NO:39 is the recombination site attR1 sequence in the
GATEWAY.RTM. cloning system (Invitrogen).
[0069] SEQ ID NO:40 is the recombination site attR2 sequence in the
GATEWAY.RTM. cloning system (Invitrogen).
[0070] SEQ ID NO:41 is the recombination site attB1 sequence in the
GATEWAY.RTM. cloning system (Invitrogen).
[0071] SEQ ID NO:42 is the recombination site attB2 sequence in the
GATEWAY.RTM. cloning system (Invitrogen).
[0072] SEQ ID NO:43 is the 8409 bp sequence of QC324i used as a
destination vector in GATEWAY.RTM. cloning.
[0073] SEQ ID NO:44 is the 5286 bp sequence of QC330 used as a
destination vector in GATEWAY.RTM. cloning.
[0074] SEQ ID NO:45 is the nucleotide sequence of the Glycine max
type 2 metallothionein (NCBI Accession No. AB176559 (GI47076853,
locus AB176559)
[0075] SEQ ID NO:46 is the amino acid sequence of the Glycine max
type 2 metallothionein (NCBI Accession No. BAD18377.1 (GI:47076854,
locus BAS18377).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0076] The disclosure of all patents, patent applications, and
publications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their
entirety.
[0077] In the context of this disclosure, a number of terms shall
be utilized.
[0078] As used herein, a "GM-MTH1 promoter" refers to the promoter
of a putative Glycine max gene with significant homology to type II
metallothionein genes identified in various plant species including
soybean that are deposited in National Center for Biotechnology
Information (NCBI) database.
[0079] The term "constitutive promoter" refers to promoters active
in all or most tissues of a plant at all or most developing stages.
As with other promoters classified as "constitutive" (e.g.
ubiquitin), some variation in absolute levels of expression can
exist among different tissues or stages.
[0080] The term "constitutive promoter" or "tissue-independent" are
used interchangeably herein.
[0081] The promoter nucleotide sequences and methods disclosed
herein are useful in regulating constitutive expression of any
heterologous nucleotide sequences in a host plant in order to alter
the phenotype of a plant.
[0082] Various changes in phenotype are of interest including, but
not limited to, modifying the fatty acid composition in a plant,
altering the amino acid content of a plant, altering a plant's
pathogen defense mechanism, and the like. These results can be
achieved by providing expression of heterologous products or
increased expression of endogenous products in plants.
Alternatively, the results can be achieved by providing for a
reduction of expression of one or more endogenous products,
particularly enzymes or cofactors in the plant. These changes
result in a change in phenotype of the transformed plant.
[0083] Genes of interest are reflective of the commercial markets
and interests of those involved in the development of the crop.
Crops and markets of interest change, and as developing nations
open up world markets, new crops and technologies will emerge also.
In addition, as our understanding of agronomic characteristics and
traits such as yield and heterosis increase, the choice of genes
for transformation will change accordingly. General categories of
genes of interest include, but are not limited to, those genes
involved in information, such as zinc fingers, those involved in
communication, such as kinases, and those involved in housekeeping,
such as heat shock proteins. More specific categories of
transgenes, for example, include, but are not limited to, genes
encoding important traits for agronomics, insect resistance,
disease resistance, herbicide resistance, sterility, grain or seed
characteristics, and commercial products. Genes of interest
include, generally, those involved in oil, starch, carbohydrate, or
nutrient metabolism as well as those affecting seed size, plant
development, plant growth regulation, and yield improvement. Plant
development and growth regulation also refer to the development and
growth regulation of various parts of a plant, such as the flower,
seed, root, leaf and shoot.
[0084] Other commercially desirable traits are genes and proteins
conferring cold, heat, salt, and drought resistance.
[0085] Disease and for insect resistance genes may encode
resistance to pests that have great yield drag such as for example,
anthracnose, soybean mosaic virus, soybean cyst nematode, root-knot
nematode, brown leaf spot, Downy mildew, purple seed stain, seed
decay and seedling diseases caused commonly by the fungi--Pythium
sp., Phytophthora sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Diaporthe sp. Bacterial
blight caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. Glycinea.
Genes conferring insect resistance include, for example, Bacillus
thuringiensis toxic protein genes (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,366,892;
5,747,450; 5,737,514; 5,723,756; 5,593,881; and Geiser et al (1986)
Gene 48:109); lectins (Van Damme et al. (1994) Plant Mol. Biol.
24:825); and the like.
[0086] Herbicide resistance traits may include genes coding for
resistance to herbicides that act to inhibit the action of
acetolactate synthase (ALS), in particular the sulfonylurea-type
herbicides (e.g., the acetolactate synthase ALS gene containing
mutations leading to such resistance, in particular the S4 and/or
HRA mutations). The ALS-gene mutants encode resistance to the
herbicide chlorsulfuron. Glyphosate acetyl transferase (GAT) is an
N-acetyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis that was optimized
by gene shuffling for acetylation of the broad spectrum herbicide,
glyphosate, forming the basis of a novel mechanism of glyphosate
tolerance in transgenic plants (Castle et al. (2004) Science 304,
1151-1154).
[0087] Antibiotic resistance genes include, for example, neomycin
phosphotransferase (npt) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt).
Two neomycin phosphotransferase genes are used in selection of
transformed organisms: the neomycin phosphotransferase I (nptI)
gene and the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene. The
second one is more widely used. It was initially isolated from the
transposon Tn5 that was present in the bacterium strain Escherichia
coli K12. The gene codes for the aminoglycoside
3'-phosphotransferase (denoted aph(3')-II or NPTII) enzyme, which
inactivates by phosphorylation a range of aminoglycoside
antibiotics such as kanamycin, neomycin, geneticin and paroromycin.
NPTII is widely used as a selectable marker for plant
transformation. It is also used in gene expression and regulation
studies in different organisms in part because N-terminal fusions
can be constructed that retain enzyme activity. NPTII protein
activity can be detected by enzymatic assay. In other detection
methods, the modified substrates, the phosphorylated antibiotics,
are detected by thin-layer chromatography, dot-blot analysis or
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Plants such as maize, cotton,
tobacco, Arabidopsis, flax, soybean and many others have been
successfully transformed with the nptII gene.
[0088] The hygromycin phosphotransferase (denoted hpt, hph or
aphIV) gene was originally derived from Escherichia coli. The gene
codes for hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT), which detoxifies the
aminocyclitol antibiotic hygromycin B. A large number of plants
have been transformed with the hpt gene and hygromycin B has proved
very effective in the selection of a wide range of plants,
including monocotyledonous. Most plants exhibit higher sensitivity
to hygromycin B than to kanamycin, for instance cereals. Likewise,
the hpt gene is used widely in selection of transformed mammalian
cells. The sequence of the hpt gene has been modified for its use
in plant transformation. Deletions and substitutions of amino acid
residues close to the carboxy (C)-terminus of the enzyme have
increased the level of resistance in certain plants, such as
tobacco. At the same time, the hydrophilic C-terminus of the enzyme
has been maintained and may be essential for the strong activity of
HPT. HPT activity can be checked using an enzymatic assay. A
non-destructive callus induction test can be used to verify
hygromycin resistance.
[0089] Genes involved in plant growth and development have been
identified in plants. One such gene, which is involved in cytokinin
biosynthesis, is isopentenyl transferase (IPT). Cytokinin plays a
critical role in plant growth and development by stimulating cell
division and cell differentiation (Sun et al. (2003), Plant
Physiol. 131: 167-176).
[0090] Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK), a family of
serine-threonine kinase found primarily in the plant kingdom, are
likely to function as sensor molecules in calcium-mediated
signaling pathways. Calcium ions are important second messengers
during plant growth and development (Harper et al. Science 252,
951-954 (1993); Roberts et al. Curr Opin Cell Biol 5, 242-246
(1993); Roberts et al. Annu Rev Plant Mol Biol 43, 375-414
(1992)).
[0091] Nematode responsive protein (NRP) is produced by soybean
upon the infection of soybean cyst nematode. NRP has homology to a
taste-modifying glycoprotein miraculin and the NF34 protein
involved in tumor formation and hyper response induction. NRP is
believed to function as a defense-inducer in response to nematode
infection (Tenhaken et al. BMC Bioinformatics 6:169 (2005)).
[0092] The quality of seeds and grains is reflected in traits such
as levels and types of fatty acids or oils, saturated and
unsaturated, quality and quantity of essential amino acids, and
levels of carbohydrates. Therefore, commercial traits can also be
encoded on a gene or genes that could increase for example
methionine and cysteine, two sulfur containing amino acids that are
present in low amounts in soybeans. Cystathionine gamma synthase
(CGS) and serine acetyl transferase (SAT) are proteins involved in
the synthesis of methionine and cysteine, respectively.
[0093] Other commercial traits can encode genes to increase for
example monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, in oil
seeds. Soybean oil for example contains high levels of
polyunsaturated fatty acids and is more prone to oxidation than
oils with higher levels of monounsaturated and saturated fatty
acids. High oleic soybean seeds can be prepared by recombinant
manipulation of the activity of oleoyl 12-desaturase (Fad2). High
oleic soybean oil can be used in applications that require a high
degree of oxidative stability, such as cooking for a long period of
time at an elevated temperature.
[0094] Raffinose saccharides accumulate in significant quantities
in the edible portion of many economically significant crop
species, such as soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), sugar beet (Beta
vulgaris), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), canola (Brassica sp.)
and all of the major edible leguminous crops including beans
(Phaseolus sp.), chick pea (Cicer arietinum), cowpea (Vigna
unguiculata), mung bean (Vigna radiata), peas (Pisum sativum),
lentil (Lens culinaris) and lupine (Lupinus sp.). Although abundant
in many species, raffinose saccharides are an obstacle to the
efficient utilization of some economically important crop
species.
[0095] Down regulation of the expression of the enzymes involved in
raffinose saccharide synthesis, such as galactinol synthase for
example, would be a desirable trait.
[0096] In certain embodiments, the present invention contemplates
the transformation of a recipient cell with more than one
advantageous transgene. Two or more transgenes can be supplied in a
single transformation event using either distinct
transgene-encoding vectors, or a single vector incorporating two or
more gene coding sequences. Any two or more transgenes of any
description, such as those conferring herbicide, insect, disease
(viral, bacterial, fungal, and nematode) or drought resistance, oil
quantity and quality, or those increasing yield or nutritional
quality may be employed as desired.
[0097] An "isolated nucleic acid fragment" refers to a polymer of
ribonucleotides (RNA) or deoxyribonucleotides (DNA) that is single-
or double-stranded, optionally containing synthetic, non-natural or
altered nucleotide bases. An isolated nucleic acid fragment in the
form of DNA may be comprised of one or more segments of cDNA,
genomic DNA or synthetic DNA.
[0098] The terms "polynucleotide", "polynucleotide sequence",
"nucleic acid sequence", and "nucleic acid fragment"/"isolated
nucleic acid fragment" are used interchangeably herein. These terms
encompass nucleotide sequences and the like. A polynucleotide may
be a polymer of RNA or DNA that is single- or double-stranded, that
optionally contains synthetic, non-natural or altered nucleotide
bases. A polynucleotide in the form of a polymer of DNA may be
comprised of one or more segments of cDNA, genomic DNA, synthetic
DNA, or mixtures thereof. Nucleotides (usually found in their
5'-monophosphate form) are referred to by a single letter
designation as follows: "A" for adenylate or deoxyadenylate (for
RNA or DNA, respectively), "C" for cytidylate or deoxycytidylate,
"G" for guanylate or deoxyguanylate, "U" for uridylate, "T" for
deoxythymidylate, "R" for purines (A or G), "Y" for pyrimidines (C
or T), "K" for G or T, "H" for A or C or T, "I" for inosine, and
"N" for any nucleotide.
[0099] A "heterologous nucleic acid fragment" refers to a sequence
that is not naturally occurring with the plant promoter sequence of
the invention. While this nucleotide sequence is heterologous to
the promoter sequence, it may be homologous, or native, or
heterologous, or foreign, to the plant host. However, it is
recognized that the instant promoters may be used with their native
coding sequences to increase or decrease expression resulting in a
change in phenotype in the transformed seed.
[0100] The terms "subfragment that is functionally equivalent" and
"functionally equivalent subfragment" are used interchangeably
herein. These terms refer to a portion or subsequence of an
isolated nucleic acid fragment in which the ability to alter gene
expression or produce a certain phenotype is retained whether or
not the fragment or subfragment encodes an active enzyme. For
example, the fragment or subfragment can be used in the design of
chimeric genes to produce the desired phenotype in a transformed
plant. Chimeric genes can be designed for use in co-suppression or
antisense by linking a nucleic acid fragment or subfragment
thereof, whether or not it encodes an active enzyme, in the
appropriate orientation relative to a plant promoter sequence.
[0101] The terms "substantially similar" and "corresponding
substantially" as used herein refer to nucleic acid fragments
wherein changes in one or more nucleotide bases do not affect the
ability of the nucleic acid fragment to mediate gene expression or
produce a certain phenotype. These terms also refer to
modifications of the nucleic acid fragments of the instant
invention such as deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides
that do not substantially alter the functional properties of the
resulting nucleic acid fragment relative to the initial, unmodified
fragment. It is therefore understood, as those skilled in the art
will appreciate, that the invention encompasses more than the
specific exemplary sequences.
[0102] The isolated promoter sequence of the present invention can
be modified to provide a range of constitutive expression levels of
the heterologous nucleotide sequence. Thus, less than the entire
promoter regions may be utilized and the ability to drive
expression of the coding sequence retained. However, it is
recognized that expression levels of the mRNA may be decreased with
deletions of portions of the promoter sequences. Likewise, the
tissue-independent, constitutive nature of expression may be
changed.
[0103] Modifications of the isolated promoter sequences of the
present invention can provide for a range of constitutive
expression of the heterologous nucleotide sequence. Thus, they may
be modified to be weak constitutive promoters or strong
constitutive promoters. Generally, by "weak promoter" is intended a
promoter that drives expression of a coding sequence at a low
level. By "low level" is intended at levels about 1/10,000
transcripts to about 1/100,000 transcripts to about 1/500,000
transcripts. Conversely, a strong promoter drives expression of a
coding sequence at high level, or at about 1/10 transcripts to
about 1/100 transcripts to about 1/1,000 transcripts.
[0104] Nucleic acid molecules that are fragments of the promoter of
the present invention comprise at least 20, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200,
250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 nucleotides, or up to the number of
nucleotides present in a full-length nucleotide sequence disclosed
herein (for example 1658, SEQ ID NO:1).
[0105] Moreover, the skilled artisan recognizes that substantially
similar nucleic acid sequences encompassed by this invention are
also defined by their ability to hybridize, under moderately
stringent conditions (for example, 0.5.times.SSC, 0.1% SDS,
60.degree. C.) with the sequences exemplified herein, or to any
portion of the nucleotide sequences reported herein and which are
functionally equivalent to the promoter of the invention. Estimates
of such homology are provided by either DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA
hybridization under conditions of stringency as is well understood
by those skilled in the art (Hames and Higgins, Eds.; In Nucleic
Acid Hybridisation; IRL Press: Oxford, U.K., 1985). Stringency
conditions can be adjusted to screen for moderately similar
fragments, such as homologous sequences from distantly related
organisms, to highly similar fragments, such as genes that
duplicate functional enzymes from closely related organisms.
Post-hybridization washes partially determine stringency
conditions. One set of conditions uses a series of washes starting
with 6.times.SSC, 0.5% SDS at room temperature for 15 min, then
repeated with 2.times.SSC, 0.5% SDS at 45.degree. C. for 30 min,
and then repeated twice with 0.2.times.SSC, 0.5% SDS at 50.degree.
C. for 30 min. Another set of stringent conditions uses higher
temperatures in which the washes are identical to those above
except for the temperature of the final two 30 min washes in
0.2.times.SSC, 0.5% SDS was increased to 60.degree. C. Another set
of highly stringent conditions uses two final washes in
0.1.times.SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65.degree. C.
[0106] Preferred substantially similar nucleic acid sequences
encompassed by this invention are those sequences that are 80%
identical to the nucleic acid fragments reported herein or which
are 80% identical to any portion of the nucleotide sequences
reported herein. More preferred are nucleic acid fragments which
are 90% identical to the nucleic acid sequences reported herein, or
which are 90% identical to any portion of the nucleotide sequences
reported herein. Most preferred are nucleic acid fragments which
are 95% identical to the nucleic acid sequences reported herein, or
which are 95% identical to any portion of the nucleotide sequences
reported herein. It is well understood by one skilled in the art
that many levels of sequence identity are useful in identifying
related polynucleotide sequences. Useful examples of percent
identities are those listed above, or also preferred is any integer
percentage from 80% to 100%, such as 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%,
87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98 and
99%.
[0107] A "substantially homologous sequence" refers to variants of
the disclosed sequences such as those that result from
site-directed mutagenesis, as well as synthetically derived
sequences. A substantially homologous sequence of the present
invention also refers to those fragments of a particular promoter
nucleotide sequence disclosed herein that operate to promote the
constitutive expression of an operably linked heterologous nucleic
acid fragment. These promoter fragments will comprise at least
about 20 contiguous nucleotides, preferably at least about 50
contiguous nucleotides, more preferably at least about 75
contiguous nucleotides, even more preferably at least about 100
contiguous nucleotides of the particular promoter nucleotide
sequence disclosed herein. The nucleotides of such fragments will
usually comprise the TATA recognition sequence of the particular
promoter sequence. Such fragments may be obtained by use of
restriction enzymes to cleave the naturally occurring promoter
nucleotide sequences disclosed herein; by synthesizing a nucleotide
sequence from the naturally occurring promoter DNA sequence; or may
be obtained through the use of PCR technology. See particularly,
Mullis et al., Methods Enzymol. 155:335-350 (1987), and Higuchi, R.
In PCR Technology: Principles and Applications for DNA
Amplifications; Erlich, H. A., Ed.; Stockton Press Inc.: New York,
1989. Again, variants of these promoter fragments, such as those
resulting from site-directed mutagenesis, are encompassed by the
compositions of the present invention.
[0108] "Codon degeneracy" refers to divergence in the genetic code
permitting variation of the nucleotide sequence without affecting
the amino acid sequence of an encoded polypeptide. Accordingly, the
instant invention relates to any nucleic acid fragment comprising a
nucleotide sequence that encodes all or a substantial portion of
the amino acid sequences set forth herein. The skilled artisan is
well aware of the "codon-bias" exhibited by a specific host cell in
usage of nucleotide codons to specify a given amino acid.
Therefore, when synthesizing a nucleic acid fragment for improved
expression in a host cell, it is desirable to design the nucleic
acid fragment such that its frequency of codon usage approaches the
frequency of preferred codon usage of the host cell.
[0109] Sequence alignments and percent similarity calculations may
be determined using the Megalign program of the LASARGENE
bioinformatics computing suite (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, Wis.) or
using the AlignX program of the Vector NTI bioinformatics computing
suite (Invitrogen). Multiple alignment of the sequences are
performed using the Clustal method of alignment (Higgins and Sharp,
CABIOS 5:151-153 (1989)) with the default parameters (GAP
PENALTY=10, GAP LENGTH PENALTY=10). Default parameters for pairwise
alignments and calculation of percent identity of protein sequences
using the Clustal method are KTUPLE=1, GAP PENALTY=3, WINDOW=5 and
DIAGONALS SAVED=5. For nucleic acids these parameters are GAP
PENALTY=10, GAP LENGTH PENALTY=10, KTUPLE=2, GAP PENALTY=5,
WINDOW=4 and DIAGONALS SAVED=4. A "substantial portion" of an amino
acid or nucleotide sequence comprises enough of the amino acid
sequence of a polypeptide or the nucleotide sequence of a gene to
afford putative identification of that polypeptide or gene, either
by manual evaluation of the sequence by one skilled in the art, or
by computer-automated sequence, comparison and identification using
algorithms such as BLAST (Altschul, S. F. et al., J. Mol. Biol.
215:403-410 (1993)) and Gapped Blast (Altschul, S. F. et al.,
Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402 (1997)). BLASTN refers to a BLAST
program that compares a nucleotide query sequence against a
nucleotide sequence database.
[0110] "Gene" refers to a nucleic acid fragment that expresses a
specific protein, including regulatory sequences preceding (5'
non-coding sequences) and following (3' non-coding sequences) the
coding sequence. "Native gene" refers to a gene as found in nature
with its own regulatory sequences. "Chimeric gene" or "recombinant
expression construct", which are used interchangeably, refers to
any gene that is not a native gene, comprising regulatory and
coding sequences that are not found together in nature.
Accordingly, a chimeric gene may comprise regulatory sequences and
coding sequences that are derived from different sources, or
regulatory sequences and coding sequences derived from the same
source, but arranged in a manner different than that found in
nature. "Endogenous gene" refers to a native gene in its natural
location in the genome of an organism. A "foreign" gene refers to a
gene not normally found in the host organism, but that is
introduced into the host organism by gene transfer. Foreign genes
can comprise native genes inserted into a non-native organism, or
chimeric genes. A "transgene" is a gene that has been introduced
into the genome by a transformation procedure.
[0111] "Coding sequence" refers to a DNA sequence which codes for a
specific amino acid sequence. "Regulatory sequences" refer to
nucleotide sequences located upstream (5' non-coding sequences),
within, or downstream (3' non-coding sequences) of a coding
sequence, and which influence the transcription, RNA processing or
stability, or translation of the associated coding sequence.
Regulatory sequences may include, but are not limited to,
promoters, translation leader sequences, introns, and
polyadenylation recognition sequences.
[0112] "Promoter" refers to a DNA sequence capable of controlling
the expression of a coding sequence or functional RNA. Functional
RNA includes, but is not limited to, transfer RNA (tRNA) and
ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The promoter sequence consists of proximal
and more distal upstream elements, the latter elements often
referred to as enhancers. Accordingly, an "enhancer" is a DNA
sequence which can stimulate promoter activity and may be an innate
element of the promoter or a heterologous element inserted to
enhance the level or tissue-specificity of a promoter. Promoters
may be derived in their entirety from a native gene, or be composed
of different elements derived from different promoters found in
nature, or even comprise synthetic DNA segments. It is understood
by those skilled in the art that different promoters may direct the
expression of a gene in different tissues or cell types, or at
different stages of development, or in response to different
environmental conditions. Promoters which cause a gene to be
expressed in most cell types at most times are commonly referred to
as "constitutive promoters". New promoters of various types useful
in plant cells are constantly being discovered; numerous examples
may be found in the compilation by Okamuro and Goldberg
(Biochemistry of Plants 15:1-82 (1989)). It is further recognized
that since in most cases the exact boundaries of regulatory
sequences have not been completely defined, DNA fragments of some
variation may have identical promoter activity. An "intron" is an
intervening sequence in a gene that is transcribed into RNA but is
then excised in the process of generating the mature mRNA. The term
is also used for the excised RNA sequences. An "exon" is a portion
of the sequence of a gene that is transcribed and is found in the
mature messenger RNA derived from the gene, but is not necessarily
a part of the sequence that encodes the final gene product.
[0113] Among the most commonly used promoters are the nopaline
synthase (NOS) promoter (Ebert et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 84:5745-5749 (1987)), the octapine synthase (OCS) promoter,
caulimovirus promoters such as the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)
19S promoter (Lawton et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 9:315-324 (1987)),
the CaMV 35S promoter (Odell et al., Nature 313:810-812 (1985)),
and the figwort mosaic virus 35S promoter (Sanger et al., Plant
Mol. Biol. 14:433-43 (1990)), the light inducible promoter from the
small subunit of rubisco, the Adh promoter (Walker et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:6624-66280 (1987), the sucrose synthase
promoter (Yang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:4144-4148
(1990)), the R gene complex promoter (Chandler et al., Plant Cell
1:1175-1183 (1989)), the chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene
promoter, etc. Other commonly used promoters are, the promoters for
the potato tuber ADPGPP genes, the sucrose synthase promoter, the
granule bound starch synthase promoter, the glutelin gene promoter,
the maize waxy promoter, Brittle gene promoter, and Shrunken 2
promoter, the acid chitinase gene promoter, and the zein gene
promoters (15 kD, 16 kD, 19 kD, 22 kD, and 27 kD; Perdersen et al.,
Cell 29:1015-1026 (1982)). A plethora of promoters is described in
PCT Publication No. WO 00/18963 published on Apr. 6, 2000, the
disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
[0114] The "translation leader sequence" refers to a DNA sequence
located between the promoter sequence of a gene and the coding
sequence. The translation leader sequence is present in the fully
processed mRNA upstream of the translation start sequence. The
translation leader sequence may affect processing of the primary
transcript to mRNA, mRNA stability or translation efficiency.
Examples of translation leader sequences have been described
(Turner, R. and Foster, G. D., Molecular Biotechnology 3:225
(1995)).
[0115] The "3' non-coding sequences" refer to DNA sequences located
downstream of a coding sequence and include polyadenylation
recognition sequences and other sequences encoding regulatory
signals capable of affecting mRNA processing or gene expression.
The polyadenylation signal is usually characterized by affecting
the addition of polyadenylic acid tracts to the 3' end of the mRNA
precursor. The use of different 3' non-coding sequences is
exemplified by Ingelbrecht et al., Plant Cell 1:671-680 (1989).
[0116] "RNA transcript" refers to a product resulting from RNA
polymerase-catalyzed transcription of a DNA sequence. When an RNA
transcript is a perfect complementary copy of a DNA sequence, it is
referred to as a primary transcript or it may be a RNA sequence
derived from posttranscriptional processing of a primary transcript
and is referred to as a mature RNA. "Messenger RNA" ("mRNA") refers
to RNA that is without introns and that can be translated into
protein by the cell. "cDNA" refers to a DNA that is complementary
to and synthesized from an mRNA template using the enzyme reverse
transcriptase. The cDNA can be single-stranded or converted into
the double-stranded by using the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase
I. "Sense" RNA refers to RNA transcript that includes mRNA and so
can be translated into protein within a cell or in vitro.
"Antisense RNA" refers to a RNA transcript that is complementary to
all or part of a target primary transcript or mRNA and that blocks
expression or transcripts accumulation of a target gene (U.S. Pat.
No. 5,107,065). The complementarity of an antisense RNA may be with
any part of the specific gene transcript, i.e. at the 5' non-coding
sequence, 3' non-coding sequence, introns, or the coding sequence.
"Functional RNA" refers to antisense RNA, ribozyme RNA, or other
RNA that may not be translated but yet has an effect on cellular
processes.
[0117] The term "operably linked" refers to the association of
nucleic acid sequences on a single nucleic acid fragment so that
the function of one is affected by the other. For example, a
promoter is operably linked with a coding sequence when it is
capable of affecting the expression of that coding sequence (i.e.,
that the coding sequence is under the transcriptional control of
the promoter). Coding sequences can be operably linked to
regulatory sequences in sense or antisense orientation.
[0118] The term "expression", as used herein, refers to the
production of a functional end-product e.g., an mRNA or a protein
(precursor or mature).
[0119] The term "expression cassette" as used herein, refers to a
discrete nucleic acid fragment into which a nucleic acid sequence
or fragment can be moved.
[0120] Expression or overexpression of a gene involves
transcription of the gene and translation of the mRNA into a
precursor or mature protein. "Antisense inhibition" refers to the
production of antisense RNA transcripts capable of suppressing the
expression of the target protein. "Overexpression" refers to the
production of a gene product in transgenic organisms that exceeds
levels of production in normal or non-transformed organisms.
"Co-suppression" refers to the production of sense RNA transcripts
capable of suppressing the expression or transcript accumulation of
identical or substantially similar foreign or endogenous genes
(U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,020). The mechanism of co-suppression may be
at the DNA level (such as DNA methylation), at the transcriptional
level, or at post-transcriptional level.
[0121] Co-suppression constructs in plants previously have been
designed by focusing on overexpression of a nucleic acid sequence
having homology to an endogenous mRNA, in the sense orientation,
which results in the reduction of all RNA having homology to the
overexpressed sequence (see Vaucheret et al., Plant J. 16:651-659
(1998); and Gura, Nature 404:804-808 (2000)). The overall
efficiency of this phenomenon is low, and the extent of the RNA
reduction is widely variable. Recent work has described the use of
"hairpin" structures that incorporate all, or part, of an mRNA
encoding sequence in a complementary orientation that results in a
potential "stem-loop" structure for the expressed RNA (PCT
Publication No. WO 99/53050 published on Oct. 21, 1999; and PCT
Publication No. WO 02/00904 published on Jan. 3, 2002). This
increases the frequency of co-suppression in the recovered
transgenic plants. Another variation describes the use of plant
viral sequences to direct the suppression, or "silencing", of
proximal mRNA encoding sequences (PCT Publication No. WO 98/36083
published on Aug. 20, 1998). Genetic and molecular evidences have
been obtained suggesting that dsRNA mediated mRNA cleavage may have
been the conserved mechanism underlying these gene silencing
phenomena (Elmayan et al., Plant Cell 10:1747-1757 (1998); Galun,
In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 41(2):113-123 (2005); Pickford et
al, Cell. Mol. Life. Sci. 60(5):871-882 (2003)).
[0122] As stated herein, "suppression" refers to a reduction of the
level of enzyme activity or protein functionality (e.g., a
phenotype associated with a protein) detectable in a transgenic
plant when compared to the level of enzyme activity or protein
functionality detectable in a non-transgenic or wild type plant
with the native enzyme or protein. The level of enzyme activity in
a plant with the native enzyme is referred to herein as "wild type"
activity. The level of protein functionality in a plant with the
native protein is referred to herein as "wild type" functionality.
The term "suppression" includes lower, reduce, decline, decrease,
inhibit, eliminate and prevent. This reduction may be due to a
decrease in translation of the native mRNA into an active enzyme or
functional protein. It may also be due to the transcription of the
native DNA into decreased amounts of mRNA and/or to rapid
degradation of the native mRNA. The term "native enzyme" refers to
an enzyme that is produced naturally in a non-transgenic or wild
type cell. The terms "non-transgenic" and "wild type" are used
interchangeably herein.
[0123] "Altering expression" refers to the production of gene
product(s) in transgenic organisms in amounts or proportions that
differ significantly from the amount of the gene product(s)
produced by the corresponding wild-type organisms (i.e., expression
is increased or decreased).
[0124] "Transformation" refers to the transfer of a nucleic acid
fragment into the genome of a host organism, resulting in
genetically stable inheritance. Host organisms containing the
transformed nucleic acid fragments are referred to as "transgenic"
organisms. The preferred method of soybean cell transformation is
the use of particle-accelerated or "gene gun" transformation
technology (Klein, T., Nature (London) 327:70-73 (1987); U.S. Pat.
No. 4,945,050).
[0125] "Transient expression" refers to the temporary expression of
often reporter genes such as .beta.-glucuronidase (GUS),
fluorescent protein genes GFP, ZS-YELLOW1 N1, AM-CYAN1, DS-RED in
selected certain cell types of the host organism in which the
transgenic gene is introduced temporally by a transformation
method. The transformed materials of the host organism are
subsequently discarded after the transient gene expression
assay.
[0126] Standard recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques
used herein are well known in the art and are described more fully
in Sambrook, J. et al., In Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual;
2.sup.nd ed.; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring
Harbor, N.Y., 1989 (hereinafter "Sambrook et al., 1989") or
Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., Seidman,
J. G., Smith, J. A. and Struhl, K., Eds.; In Current Protocols in
Molecular Biology; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1990 (hereinafter
"Ausubel et al., 1990").
[0127] "PCR" or "Polymerase Chain Reaction" is a technique for the
synthesis of large quantities of specific DNA segments, consisting
of a series of repetitive cycles (Perkin Elmer Cetus Instruments,
Norwalk, Conn.). Typically, the double stranded DNA is heat
denatured, the two primers complementary to the 3' boundaries of
the target segment are annealed at low temperature and then
extended at an intermediate temperature. One set of these three
consecutive steps comprises a cycle.
[0128] A "recombinant expression construct" is a plasmid vector or
a fragment thereof comprising the instant soybean constitutive
promoter. The choice of plasmid vector is dependent upon the method
that will be used to transform host plants. The skilled artisan is
well aware of the genetic elements that must be present on the
plasmid vector in order to successfully transform, select and
propagate host cells containing the chimeric gene. The skilled
artisan will also recognize that different independent
transformation events will result in different levels and patterns
of expression (Jones et al., EMBO J. 4:2411-2418 (1985); De Almeida
et al., Mol. Gen. Genetics 218:78-86 (1989)), and thus that
multiple events must be screened in order to obtain lines
displaying the desired expression level and pattern. Such screening
may be accomplished by PCR and Southern analysis of DNA, RT-PCR and
Northern analysis of mRNA expression, Western analysis of protein
expression, or phenotypic analysis.
[0129] Metallothioneins are ubiquitous low molecular weight
proteins of high metal and sulfur content. They are thought to play
roles both in the intracellular fixation of the essential trace
elements zinc and copper, in controlling the concentrations of the
free ions of these elements, in regulating their flow to their
cellular destinations, in neutralizing the harmful influences of
exposure to toxic elements such as cadmium and mercury (Kagi and
Schaffer, Biochemistry 27(23):8509-8515 (1988)). Metallothionein
gene promoters were cloned and characterized to be constitutive and
metal-inducible from mouse (Mueller et al., Genes & Development
2(4):412-427 (1988)), and from Drosophila (Bunch et al., Nucleic
Acids Res. 16(3):1043-1061 (1988)). It is demonstrated herein that
the soybean metallothionein gene promoter MTH1 can, in fact, be
used as a constitutive promoter to drive efficient expression of
transgenes, and that such promoter can be isolated and used by one
skilled in the art.
[0130] This invention concerns an isolated nucleic acid fragment
comprising a constitutive metallothionein gene promoter MTH1. This
invention also concerns an isolated nucleic acid fragment
comprising a promoter wherein said promoter consists essentially of
the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, or said promoter
consists essentially of a fragment that is substantially similar
and functionally equivalent to the nucleotide sequence set forth in
SEQ ID NO:1. A nucleic acid fragment that is functionally
equivalent to the instant MTH1 promoter is any nucleic acid
fragment that is capable of controlling the expression of a coding
sequence or functional RNA in a similar manner to the MTH1
promoter. The expression patterns of MTH1 gene and its promoter are
set forth in Examples 1, 2, 7, and 8.
[0131] The promoter activity of the soybean genomic DNA fragment
SEQ ID NO:1 upstream of the MTH1 protein coding sequence was
assessed by linking the fragment to a yellow fluorescence reporter
gene, ZS-YELLOW1 N1 (YFP) (Matz et al, Nat. Biotechnol. 17:969-973
(1999)), transforming the promoter:YFP expression cassette into
soybean, and analyzing YFP expression in various cell types of the
transgenic plants (see Example 7 and 8). YFP expression was
detected in all parts of the transgenic plants though stronger
expression was detected in fast growing tissues such as developing
embryos and pods. These results indicated that the nucleic acid
fragment contained a constitutive promoter.
[0132] It is clear from the disclosure set forth herein that one of
ordinary skill in the art could perform the following
procedure:
[0133] 1) operably linking the nucleic acid fragment containing the
MTH1 promoter sequence to a suitable reporter gene; there are a
variety of reporter genes that are well known to those skilled in
the art, including the bacterial GUS gene, the firefly luciferase
gene, and the cyan, green, red, and yellow fluorescent protein
genes; any gene for which an easy and reliable assay is available
can serve as the reporter gene.
[0134] 2) transforming a chimeric MTH1 promoter:reporter gene
expression cassette into an appropriate plant for expression of the
promoter. There are a variety of appropriate plants which can be
used as a host for transformation that are well known to those
skilled in the art, including the dicots, Arabidopsis, tobacco,
soybean, oilseed rape, peanut, sunflower, safflower, cotton,
tomato, potato, cocoa and the monocots, corn, wheat, rice, barley
and palm.
[0135] 3) testing for expression of the MTH1 promoter in various
cell types of transgenic plant tissues, e.g., leaves, roots,
flowers, seeds, transformed with the chimeric MTH1
promoter:reporter gene expression cassette by assaying for
expression of the reporter gene product.
[0136] In another aspect, this invention concerns a recombinant DNA
construct comprising at least one heterologous nucleic acid
fragment operably linked to any promoter, or combination of
promoter elements, of the present invention. Recombinant DNA
constructs can be constructed by operably linking the nucleic acid
fragment of the invention MTH1 promoter or a fragment that is
substantially similar and functionally equivalent to any portion of
the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
to a heterologous nucleic acid fragment. Any heterologous nucleic
acid fragment can be used to practice the invention. The selection
will depend upon the desired application or phenotype to be
achieved. The various nucleic acid sequences can be manipulated so
as to provide for the nucleic acid sequences in the proper
orientation. It is believed that various combinations of promoter
elements as described herein may be useful in practicing the
present invention.
[0137] In another aspect, this invention concerns a recombinant DNA
construct comprising at least one acetolactate synthase (ALS)
nucleic acid fragment operably linked to MTH1 promoter, or
combination of promoter elements, of the present invention. The
acetolactate synthase gene is involved in the biosynthesis of
branched chain amino acids in plants and is the site of action of
several herbicides including sulfonyl urea. Expression of a mutated
acetolactate synthase gene encoding a protein that can no longer
bind the herbicide will enable the transgenic plants to be
resistant to the herbicide (U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,011, U.S. Pat. No.
5,378,824). The mutated acetolactate synthase gene is also widely
used in plant transformation to select transgenic plants.
[0138] In another embodiment, this invention concerns host cells
comprising either the recombinant DNA constructs of the invention
as described herein or isolated polynucleotides of the invention as
described herein. Examples of host cells which can be used to
practice the invention include, but are not limited to, yeast,
bacteria, and plants.
[0139] Plasmid vectors comprising the instant recombinant
expression construct can be constructed. The choice of plasmid
vector is dependent upon the method that will be used to transform
host cells. The skilled artisan is well aware of the genetic
elements that must be present on the plasmid vector in order to
successfully transform, select and propagate host cells containing
the chimeric gene.
[0140] Methods for transforming dicots, primarily by use of
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and obtaining transgenic plants have
been published, among others, for cotton (U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,863,
U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,135); soybean (U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,834, U.S.
Pat. No. 5,416,011); Brassica (U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,174); peanut
(Cheng et al., Plant Cell Rep. 15:653-657 (1996), McKently et al.,
Plant Cell Rep. 14:699-703 (1995)); papaya (Ling et al.,
Bio/technology 9:752-758 (1991)); and pea (Grant et al., Plant Cell
Rep. 15:254-258 (1995)). For a review of other commonly used
methods of plant transformation see Newell, C.A., Mol. Biotechnol.
16:53-65 (2000). One of these methods of transformation uses
Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Tepfler, M. and Casse-Delbart, F.,
Microbiol. Sci. 4:24-28 (1987)). Transformation of soybeans using
direct delivery of DNA has been published using PEG fusion (PCT
Publication No. WO 92/17598), electroporation (Chowrira et al.,
Mol. Biotechnol. 3:17-23 (1995); Christou et al., Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. U.S.A. 84:3962-3966 (1987)), microinjection, or particle
bombardment (McCabe et al., Bio/Technology 6:923 (1988); Christou
et al., Plant Physiol. 87:671-674 (1988)).
[0141] There are a variety of methods for the regeneration of
plants from plant tissues. The particular method of regeneration
will depend on the starting plant tissue and the particular plant
species to be regenerated. The regeneration, development and
cultivation of plants from single plant protoplast transformants or
from various transformed explants is well known in the art
(Weissbach and Weissbach, Eds.; In Methods for Plant Molecular
Biology; Academic Press, Inc.: San Diego, Calif., 1988). This
regeneration and growth process typically includes the steps of
selection of transformed cells, culturing those individualized
cells through the usual stages of embryonic development or through
the rooted plantlet stage. Transgenic embryos and seeds are
similarly regenerated. The resulting transgenic rooted shoots are
thereafter planted in an appropriate plant growth medium such as
soil. Preferably, the regenerated plants are self-pollinated to
provide homozygous transgenic plants. Otherwise, pollen obtained
from the regenerated plants is crossed to seed-grown plants of
agronomically important lines. Conversely, pollen from plants of
these important lines is used to pollinate regenerated plants. A
transgenic plant of the present invention containing a desired
polypeptide is cultivated using methods well known to one skilled
in the art.
[0142] In addition to the above discussed procedures, practitioners
are familiar with the standard resource materials which describe
specific conditions and procedures for the construction,
manipulation and isolation of macromolecules (e.g., DNA molecules,
plasmids, etc.), generation of recombinant DNA fragments and
recombinant expression constructs and the screening and isolating
of clones, (see for example, Sambrook, J. et al., In Molecular
Cloning: A Laboratory Manual; 2.sup.nd ed.; Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989; Maliga et al., In
Methods in Plant Molecular Biology; Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1995;
Birren et al., In Genome Analysis: Detecting Genes, 1; Cold Spring
Harbor: New York, 1998; Birren et al., In Genome Analysis:
Analyzing DNA, 2; Cold Spring Harbor: New York, 1998; Clark, Ed.,
In Plant Molecular Biology: A Laboratory Manual; Springer: New
York, 1997).
[0143] The skilled artisan will also recognize that different
independent transformation events will result in different levels
and patterns of expression of the chimeric genes (Jones et al.,
EMBO J. 4:2411-2418 (1985); De Almeida et al., Mol. Gen. Genetics
218:78-86 (1989)). Thus, multiple events must be screened in order
to obtain lines displaying the desired expression level and
pattern. Such screening may be accomplished by Northern analysis of
mRNA expression, Western analysis of protein expression, or
phenotypic analysis. Also of interest are seeds obtained from
transformed plants displaying the desired gene expression
profile.
[0144] The level of activity of the MTH1 promoter is comparable to
that of many known strong promoters, such as the CaMV 35S promoter
(Atanassova et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 37:275-285 (1998); Battraw and
Hall, Plant Mol. Biol. 15:527-538 (1990); Holtorf et al., Plant
Mol. Biol. 29:637-646 (1995); Jefferson et al., EMBO J. 6:3901-3907
(1987); Wilmink et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 28:949-955 (1995)), the
Arabidopsis oleosin promoters (Plant et al., Plant Mol. Biol.
25:193-205 (1994); Li, Texas A&M University Ph.D. dissertation,
pp. 107-128 (1997)), the Arabidopsis ubiquitin extension protein
promoters (Callis et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265(21):12486-12493
(1990)), a tomato ubiquitin gene promoter (Rollfinke et al., Gene
211:267-276 (1998)), a soybean heat shock protein promoter, and a
maize H3 histone gene promoter (Atanassova et al., Plant Mol. Biol.
37:275-285 (1998)). Universal expression of chimeric genes in most
plant cells makes the MTH1 promoter of the instant invention
especially useful when constitutive expression of a target
heterologous nucleic acid fragment is required.
[0145] Another general application of the MTH1 promoter of the
invention is to construct chimeric genes that can be used to reduce
expression of at least one heterologous nucleic acid fragment in a
plant cell. To accomplish this, a chimeric gene designed for gene
silencing of a heterologous nucleic acid fragment can be
constructed by linking the fragment to the MTH1 promoter of the
present invention. (See U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,020, and PCT
Publication No. WO 99/53050 published on Oct. 21, 1999, PCT
Publication No. WO 02/00904 published on Jan. 3, 2002, and PCT
Publication No. WO 98/36083 published on Aug. 20, 1998, for
methodology to block plant gene expression via cosuppression.)
Alternatively, a chimeric gene designed to express antisense RNA
for a heterologous nucleic acid fragment can be constructed by
linking the fragment in reverse orientation to the MTH1 promoter of
the present invention. (See U.S. Pat. No. 5,107,065 for methodology
to block plant gene expression via antisense RNA.) Either the
cosuppression or antisense chimeric gene can be introduced into
plants via transformation. Transformants wherein expression of the
heterologous nucleic acid fragment is decreased or eliminated are
then selected.
[0146] This invention also concerns a method of altering
(increasing or decreasing) the expression of at least one
heterologous nucleic acid fragment in a plant cell which comprises:
[0147] (a) transforming a plant cell with the recombinant
expression construct described herein; [0148] (b) growing fertile
mature plants from the transformed plant cell of step (a); [0149]
(c) selecting plants containing a transformed plant cell wherein
the expression of the heterologous nucleic acid fragment is
increased or decreased.
[0150] Transformation and selection can be accomplished using
methods well-known to those skilled in the art including, but not
limited to, the methods described herein.
EXAMPLES
[0151] The present invention is further defined in the following
Examples, in which parts and percentages are by weight and degrees
are Celsius, unless otherwise stated. Sequences of promoters, cDNA,
adaptors, and primers listed in this invention all are in the 5' to
3' orientation unless described otherwise. Techniques in molecular
biology were typically performed as described in Ausubel, F. M. et
al., In Current Protocols in Molecular Biology; John Wiley and
Sons: New York, 1990 or Sambrook, J. et al., In Molecular Cloning:
A Laboratory Manual; 2.sup.nd ed.; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press: Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989 (hereinafter "Sambrook et
al., 1989"). It should be understood that these Examples, while
indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way
of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples,
one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics
of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope
thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the
invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. Thus,
various modifications of the invention in addition to those shown
and described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art
from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also
intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
[0152] The disclosure of each reference set forth herein is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Example 1
Identification of Soybean Constitutive Promoter Candidate Genes
[0153] Soybean expression sequence tags (EST) were generated by
sequencing randomly selected clones from cDNA libraries constructed
from different soybean tissues. Multiple EST sequences could often
be found with different lengths representing the different regions
of the same soybean gene. If more EST sequences representing the
same gene are more frequently found from a tissue-specific cDNA
library such as a flower library than from a leaf library, there is
a possibility that the represented gene could be a flower preferred
gene candidate. Likewise, if similar numbers of ESTs for the same
gene were found in various libraries constructed from different
tissues, the represented gene could be a constitutively expressed
gene. Multiple EST sequences representing the same soybean gene
could be compiled electronically based on their overlapping
sequence homology into a unique full length sequence representing
the gene. These assembled unique gene sequences were accumulatively
collected in Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl proprietary searchable databases.
To identify strong constitutive promoter candidate genes, searches
were performed to look for gene sequences that were found at
similar frequencies in leaf, root, flower, embryos, pod, and also
in other libraries, One unique gene PSO333209 was identified in the
search to be a constitutive gene candidate. PSO333209 cDNA sequence
(SEQ ID NO:15) as well as its putative translated protein sequence
(SEQ ID NO:16) were used to search National Center for
Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases. Both PSO333209
nucleotide and amino acid sequences were found to have high
homology to metallothionein genes discovered in several plant
species including soybean. (NCBI Accession No. AB176559
(G147076853, locus AB176559, SEQ ID NO: 45) and NCBI Accession No.
BAD18377.1 (GI:47076854, locus BAS18377; SEQ ID NO: 46).
Example 2
Quantitative RT-PCR Profiles of MTH1 Gene Expression in Soybean
[0154] The expression profile of PSO333209 was confirmed and
extended by analyzing 14 different soybean tissues using the
relative quantitative RT-PCR technique with a ABI7500 real time PCR
system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.). Fourteen soybean
tissues, somatic embryo, somatic embryo one week on charcoal plate,
leaf, leaf petiole, root, flower bud, open flower, R3 pod, R4 seed,
R4 pod coat, R5 seed, R5 pod coat, R6 seed, R6 pod coat were
collected from cultivar `Jack` and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen.
The seed and pod development stages were defined according to
descriptions in Fehr and Caviness, IWSRBC 80:1-12 (1977). Total RNA
was extracted with TRIzol.RTM. reagents (Invitrogen, Carlsbad,
Calif.) and treated with DNase Ito remove any trace amount of
genomic DNA contamination. The first strand cDNA was synthesized
using the Superscript.TM. III reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen).
Regular PCR analysis was done to confirm that the cDNA was free of
any genomic DNA using primers shown in SEQ ID NO:20 and 21. The
primers are specific to the 5'UTR intron/exon junction regions of a
soybean S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene promoter SAMS (Falco
and Li, WO 00/37662 (2000)). PCR using this primer set will amplify
a 967 bp DNA fragment from any soybean genomic DNA template and a
376 bp DNA fragment from the cDNA template. Genome DNA-free cDNA
aliquots were used in quantitative RT-PCR analysis in which an
endogenous soybean ATP sulfurylase gene was used as an internal
control and wild type soybean genomic DNA was used as the
calibrator for relative quantification. PSO33209 gene-specific
primers SEQ ID NO:22 and 23 and ATP sulfurylase (ATPS)
gene-specific primers SEQ ID NO:24 and 25 were used in separate PCR
reactions using the Power Sybr.RTM. Green real time PCR master mix
(Applied Biosystems). PCR reaction data were captured and analyzed
using the sequence detection software provided with the ABI7500
real time PCR system. The qRT-PCR profiling of the PSO333209 MTH1
gene expression confirmed its strong and constitutive expression
pattern (FIG. 1).
Example 3
Isolation of Soybean MTH1 Promoter
[0155] A BAC clone SBH85K11 corresponding to PSO333268 was
identified from the screening of Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l propriety
soybean BAC libraries using PSO333209 gene-specific primers SEQ ID
NO:26 and 27 by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The BAC clone was
partially sequenced to reveal an approximately 2 Kb sequence
upstream of PSO333209 MTH1 gene coding region. The primers shown in
SEQ ID NO:7 and 8 were then designed to amplify the putative full
length 1658 bp MTH1 promoter from the BAC clone DNA by PCR. SEQ ID
NO:7 contains a recognition site for the restriction enzyme XmaI.
SEQ ID NO:8 contains a recognition site for the restriction enzyme
NcoI. In order to study promoter function, the MTH1 promoter was
cloned into an expression vector via the restriction enzymes
sites.
[0156] PCR cycle conditions were 94.degree. C. for 4 minutes; 35
cycles of 94.degree. C. for 30 seconds, 60.degree. C. for 1 minute,
and 68.degree. C. for 2 minutes; and a final 68.degree. C. for 5
minutes before holding at 4.degree. C. using the Platinum high
fidelity Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen). The PCR reaction was
resolved using agarose gel electrophoresis to identify the right
size PCR product representing the .about.1.6 Kb MTH1 promoter. The
PCR amplified DNA of the correct size was then digested with XmaI
and NcoI restriction enzymes and the fragment was cloned into a
GATEWAY.RTM. (Invitrogen) cloning entry vector by conventional
ligation to place the putative MTH1 promoter upstream of the
ZS-YELLOW N1 fluorescent reporter gene (YFP). Several clones
containing the .about.1.6 Kb DNA insert were sequenced and
construct QC371 (FIG. 3, SEQ ID NO:17) was confirmed to contain the
identical MTH1 promoter sequence as previously sequenced from the
BAC clone SBH85K11. The MTH1 promoter sequence is herein listed as
SEQ ID NO:1.
Example 4
MTH1 Promoter Copy Number Analysis
[0157] Southern hybridization analysis was performed to examine
whether additional copies or sequences with significant similarity
to the MTH1 promoter exist in the soybean genome. Soybean `Jack`
wild type genomic DNA was digested with nine different restriction
enzymes, BamHI, BglII, DraI, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, MfeI, NdeI, and
SpeI and distributed in a 0.7% agarose gel by electrophoresis. The
DNA was blotted onto Nylon membrane and hybridized at 60.degree. C.
with digoxigenin labeled MTH1 promoter DNA probe in Easy-Hyb
Southern hybridization solution, and then sequentially washed 10
minutes with 2.times.SSC10.1% SDS at room temperature and
3.times.10 minutes at 65.degree. C. with 0.1.times.SSC/0.1% SDS
according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer (Roche
Applied Science, Indianapolis, Ind.). The MTH1 promoter probe was
labeled by PCR using the DIG DNA labeling kit (Roche Applied
Science) with two gene specific primers SEQ ID NO:12 and SEQ ID
NO:9 to make a 775 bp long probe corresponding to the 3' end half
of the MTH1 promoter (FIG. 2B).
[0158] According to the MTH1 promoter sequence, HindIII would cut
the 775 bp probe region only once and in the middle to produce a
309 bp 5' end fragment and a 466 bp 3' end fragment. Both fragment
would be long enough to be stably hybridized by the probe so two
bands were expected for each copy of the MTH1 promoter if digested
with HindIII (FIG. 2B). DraI would cut the 1658 bp MTH1 promoter
seven times with three cuts in the 775 bp probe region. Only the 3'
end 442 bp half was long enough to be stably hybridized so only one
band for each copy of MTH1 would be expected if digested with DraI.
None of the other seven restriction enzymes BamHI, BglII, EcoRI,
EcoRV, MfeI, NdeI, and SpeI would cut the probe region. Therefore,
only one band would be expected to hybridize to the probe for each
of the seven different digestions if only one copy of MTH1 sequence
exists in the soybean genome (FIG. 2B). The observation that only
one band was detected in seven digestions including BglII, Oral,
EcoRI, EcoRV, MfeI, NdeI, and SpeI suggested that there is only one
copy of DNA sequence in soybean genome with significant similarity
to the MTH1 promoter sequence SE ID NO:1 (FIG. 2A). The observation
that no band was detected in the BamHI or HindIII lane suggested
that these two digestions failed to produce any MTH1 containing
genomic DNA fragment of appropriate sizes that could be retained on
the Southern blot. The largest band and smallest band of the
molecular markers on the Southern blot are 8576 bp and 1882 bp,
respectively.
Example 5
MTH1:YFP Reporter Gene Constructs and Soybean Transformation
[0159] The MTH1:YFP expression cassette in GATEWAY.RTM. entry
construct QC371 (SEQ ID NO:17) described in EXAMPLE 3 was moved
into a GATEWAY.RTM. destination vector QC324i (SEQ ID NO:43) by LR
Clonase.RTM. mediated DNA recombination between the attL1 and attL2
recombination sites (SEQ ID NO:37, and 38, respectively) in QC371
and the attR1-attR2 recombination sites (SEQ ID NO:39, and 40,
respectively) in QC324i (Invitrogen). Since the destination vector
QC324i already contains a soybean transformation selectable marker
gene SAMS:ALS, the resulting DNA construct QC383 (SEQ ID NO:18) has
two gene expression cassettes MTH1:YFP and SAMS:ALS linked together
(FIG. 3). Two 21 bp recombination sites attB1 and attB2 (SEQ ID
NO:41, and 42, respectively) were newly created recombination sites
resulting from DNA recombination between attL1 and attR1, and
between attL2 and attR2, respectively. The 6953 bp DNA fragment
containing the linked MTH1:YFP and SAMS:ALS expression cassettes
was isolated from plasmid QC383 (SEQ ID NO:18) with AscI digestion,
separated from the vector backbone fragment by agarose gel
electrophoresis, and purified from the gel with a DNA gel
extraction kit (QIAGEN.RTM., Valencia, Calif.). The purified DNA
fragment was transformed to soybean cultivar Jack by the method of
particle gun bombardment (Klein et al., Nature 327:70-73 (1987);
U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,050) as described in detail below to study the
MTH1 promoter activity in stably transformed soybean plants.
[0160] The same methodology as outlined above for the MTH1:YFP
expression cassette construction and transformation can be used
with other heterologous nucleic acid sequences encoding for example
a reporter protein, a selection marker, a protein conferring
disease resistance, protein conferring herbicide resistance,
protein conferring insect resistance; protein involved in
carbohydrate metabolism, protein involved in fatty acid metabolism,
protein involved in amino acid metabolism, protein involved in
plant development, protein involved in plant growth regulation,
protein involved in yield improvement, protein involved in drought
resistance, protein involved in cold resistance, protein involved
in heat resistance and salt resistance in plants.
[0161] Soybean somatic embryos from the Jack cultivar were induced
as follows. Cotyledons (.about.3 mm in length) were dissected from
surface sterilized, immature seeds and were cultured for 6-10 weeks
in the light at 26.degree. C. on a Murashige and Skoog media
containing 0.7% agar and supplemented with 10 mg/ml 2,4-D
(2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Globular stage somatic embryos,
which produced secondary embryos, were then excised and placed into
flasks containing liquid MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (10
mg/ml) and cultured in the light on a rotary shaker. After repeated
selection for clusters of somatic embryos that multiplied as early,
globular staged embryos, the soybean embryogenic suspension
cultures were maintained in 35 ml liquid media on a rotary shaker,
150 rpm, at 26.degree. C. with fluorescent lights on a 16:8 hour
day/night schedule. Cultures were subcultured every two weeks by
inoculating approximately 35 mg of tissue into 35 ml of the same
fresh liquid MS medium.
[0162] Soybean embryogenic suspension cultures were then
transformed by the method of particle gun bombardment using a
DuPont Biolistic.TM. PDS1000/HE instrument (Bio-Rad Laboratories,
Hercules, Calif.). To 50 .mu.l of a 60 mg/ml 1.0 mm gold particle
suspension were added (in order): 30 .mu.l of 30 ng/.mu.l QC383 DNA
fragment MTH1:YFP+SAMS:ALS, 20 .mu.l of 0.1 M spermidine, and 25
.mu.l of 5 M CaCl.sub.2. The particle preparation was then agitated
for 3 minutes, spun in a centrifuge for 10 seconds and the
supernatant removed. The DNA-coated particles were then washed once
in 400 .mu.l 100% ethanol and resuspended in 45 .mu.l of 100%
ethanol. The DNA/particle suspension was sonicated three times for
one second each. 5 .mu.l of the DNA-coated gold particles was then
loaded on each macro carrier disk.
[0163] Approximately 300-400 mg of a two-week-old suspension
culture was placed in an empty 60.times.15 mm Petri dish and the
residual liquid removed from the tissue with a pipette. For each
transformation experiment, approximately 5 to 10 plates of tissue
were bombarded. Membrane rupture pressure was set at 1100 psi and
the chamber was evacuated to a vacuum of 28 inches mercury. The
tissue was placed approximately 3.5 inches away from the retaining
screen and bombarded once. Following bombardment, the tissue was
divided in half and placed back into liquid media and cultured as
described above.
[0164] Five to seven days post bombardment, the liquid media was
exchanged with fresh media containing 100 ng/ml chlorsulfuron as
selection agent. This selective media was refreshed weekly. Seven
to eight weeks post bombardment, green, transformed tissue was
observed growing from untransformed, necrotic embryogenic clusters.
Isolated green tissue was removed and inoculated into individual
flasks to generate new, clonally propagated, transformed
embryogenic suspension cultures. Each clonally propagated culture
was treated as an independent transformation event and subcultured
in the same liquid MS media supplemented with 2,4-D (10 mg/ml) and
100 ng/ml chlorsulfuron selection agent to increase mass. The
embryogenic suspension cultures were then transferred to agar solid
MS media plates without 2,4-D supplement to allow somatic embryos
to develop. A sample of each event was collected at this stage for
quantitative PCR analysis.
[0165] Cotyledon stage somatic embryos were dried-down (by
transferring them into an empty small Petri dish that was seated on
top of a 10 cm Petri dish containing some agar gel to allow slow
dry down) to mimic the last stages of soybean seed development.
Dried-down embryos were placed on germination solid media and
transgenic soybean plantlets were regenerated. The transgenic
plants were then transferred to soil and maintained in growth
chambers for seed production.
[0166] Genomic DNA were extracted from somatic embryo samples and
analyzed by quantitative PCR using the 7500 real time PCR system
(Applied Biosystems) with gene-specific primers and FAM-labeled
fluorescence probes to check dopy numbers of both the SAMS:ALS
expression cassette and the MTH1:YFP expression cassette. The qPCR
analysis was done in duplex reactions with a heat shock protein
(HSP) gene as the endogenous controls and a transgenic DNA sample
with a known single copy of SAMS:ALS or YFP transgene as the
calibrator using the relative quantification methodology (Applied
Biosystems). The endogenous control HSP probe was labeled with VIC
and the target gene SAMS:ALS or YFP probe was labeled with FAM for
the simultaneous detection of both fluorescent probes (Applied
Biosystems).
[0167] The primers and probes used in the qPCR analysis are listed
below.
SAMS forward primer: SEQ ID NO:28 FAM labeled SAMS probe: SEQ ID
NO:29 SAMS reverse primer: SEQ ID NO:30 YFP forward primer: SEQ ID
NO:31 FAM labeled YFP probe: SEQ ID NO:32 YFP reverse primer: SEQ
ID NO:33 HSP forward primer: SEQ ID NO:34 VIC labeled HSP probe:
SEQ ID NO:35 HSP reverse primer: SEQ ID NO:36
[0168] Only transgenic soybean events containing 1 or 2 copies of
both the SAMS:ALS expression cassette and the MTH1:YFP expression
cassette were selected for further gene expression evaluation and
seed production (see Table 1). Events negative for YFP qPCR or with
more than 2 copies for the SAMS qPCR were not further followed. YFP
expressions are described in detail in EXAMPLE 8 and are also
summarized in Table 1
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Relative transgene copy numbers and YFP
expression of MTH1:YFP transgenic plants YFP YFP Clone ID
expression qPCR SAMS qPCR 5275.1.3 + 1.5 0.7 5275.4.2 + 3.3 1.1
5275.7.5 + 2.0 1.0 5275.2.1 + 1.3 1.5 5275.3.2 + 0.5 0.7 5275.6.9 +
1.3 1.6 5275.7.7 + 1.9 2.4 5275.7.12 + 0.9 1.5 5275.7.13 + 0.9 0.9
5275.7.16 + 0.9 0.7 5275.7.18 + 1.4 2.2 5275.7.21 + 2.4 1.3
5275.7.25 + 1.2 1.4 5275.8.4 + 2.9 2.1 5275.2.10 + 1.3 2.4 5275.5.1
+ 1.5 1.2 5275.5.3 + 1.7 1.0 5275.6.16 + 2.5 2.7 5275.7.28 + 2.3
1.8
Example 6
Construction of MTH1 Promoter Deletion Constructs
[0169] To define the transcriptional elements controlling the MTH1
promoter activity, the 1658 bp full length (SEQ ID NO:1) and five
5' unidirectional deletion fragments 1255 bp, 1003 bp, 775 bp, 513
bp, and 262 bp in length corresponding to SEQ ID NO:2, 3, 4, 5, and
6, respectively, were made by PCR amplification from the full
length soybean MTH1 promoter contained in the original construct
QC371 (FIG. 3A-3B). The same antisense primer (SEQ ID NO:9) was
used in the amplification by PCR of all the five MTH1 promoter
truncation fragments (SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) by pairing with
different sense primers SEQ ID NOs:10, 11, 12, 13, and 14,
respectively. Each of the PCR amplified promoter DNA fragments was
cloned into the GATEWAY.RTM. cloning ready TA cloning vector
pCR8/GW/TOPO (Invitrogen) and clones with the correct orientation,
relative to the GATEWAY.RTM. recombination sites attL1 and attL2,
were selected by BamHI+XhoI double restriction enzymes digestion
analysis and sequence confirmation. The map of construct QC371-1
containing the MTH1 promoter fragment SEQ ID NO:2 is shown in FIG.
4A. The maps of constructs QC371-2,3,4, and 5 containing the MTH1
promoter fragments SEQ ID NOs:3, 4, 5, and 6 are similar to QC371-1
map and are not shown. The promoter fragment in the right
orientation was subsequently cloned into a GATEWAY.RTM. destination
vector QC330 (SEQ ID NO:44) by GATEWAY.RTM. LR Clonase.RTM.
reaction (Invitrogen) to place the promoter fragment in front of
the reporter gene YFP (see the example map QC371-1Y in FIG. 4B). A
21 bp GATEWAY.RTM. recombination site attB2 SEQ ID NO:42 was
inserted between the promoter and the YFP reporter gene coding
region as a result of the GATEWAY.RTM. cloning process. The maps of
constructs QC371-2Y, 3Y, 4Y, and 5Y containing the MTH1 promoter
fragments SEQ ID NOs: 3, 4, 5, and 6 are similar to QC371-1Y map
and not shown. The MTH1:YFP promoter deletion constructs were
delivered into germinating soybean cotyledons by gene gun
bombardment for transient gene expression study. The full length
MTH1 promoter in QC371 that does not have the attB2 site located
between the promoter and the YFP gene was also included for
transient expression analysis. The six MTH1 promoter fragments
analyzed are schematically described in FIG. 5.
Example 7
Transient Expression Analysis of MTH1:YFP Constructs
[0170] The constructs containing the full length and truncated MTH1
promoter fragments (QC371, QC371-1Y, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y, and 5Y) were
tested by transiently expressing the ZS-YELLOW1 N1 (YFP) reporter
gene in germinating soybean cotyledons. Soybean seeds were rinsed
with 10% TWEEN.RTM. 20 in sterile water, surface sterilized with
70% ethanol for 2 minutes and then by 6% sodium hypochloride for 15
minutes. After rinsing the seeds were placed on wet filter paper in
Petri dish to germinate for 4-6 days under light at 26.degree. C.
Green cotyledons were excised and placed inner side up on a 0.7%
agar plate containing Murashige and Skoog media for particle gun
bombardment. The DNA and gold particle mixtures were prepared
similarly as described in EXAMPLE 5 except with more DNA (100
ng/.mu.l). The bombardments were also carried out under similar
parameters as described in EXAMPLE 5. YFP expression was checked
under a Leica MZFLIII stereo microscope equipped with UV light
source and appropriate light filters (Leica Microsystems Inc.,
Bannockburn, Ill.) and pictures were taken approximately 24 hours
after bombardment with 8.times. magnification using a Leica DFC500
camera with settings as 0.60 gamma, 1.0.times. gain, 0.70
saturation, 61 color hue, 56 color saturation, and 0.51 second
exposure.
[0171] The full length MTH1 promoter construct QC371, and two
deletion constructs QC371-1Y and 2Y had similar moderate yellow
fluorescence signals in transient expression assay by showing the
large green/yellow dots (shown as bright white dots in FIG. 6). The
attB2 site did not seem to interfere with promoter activity and
reporter gene expression. Each dot represented a single cotyledon
cell which appeared larger if the fluorescence signal was strong or
smaller if the fluorescence signal was weak even under the same
magnification. The three longer deletions constructs QC371-3Y, 4Y,
and 5Y all showed similar though lower levels of YFP gene
expression than the full length construct (FIG. 6). The expression
of QC371-5Y construct suggested that as short as 262 bp promoter
sequence upstream of the start codon ATG was sufficient for the
effective expression of a reporter gene by the MTH1 promoter.
Example 8
MTH1:YFP Expression in Stable Transgenic Soybean Plants
[0172] YFP gene expression was tested at different stages of
transgenic plant development for yellow fluorescence emission under
a Leica MZFLIII stereo microscope equipped with appropriate
fluorescent light filters. Yellow fluorescence (shown as bright
white areas in FIG. 7) was detected early on during somatic embryo
development and throughout all stages of transgenic plant
development in all tissues tested, such as somatic embryos, leaf,
stem, root, flower, pod, and seed. During tissue culture stages of
transgenic plant regeneration, fluorescence was detected in young
globular and torpedo stage somatic embryos (FIGS. 7A, B), and in
mature embryos (FIG. 7C). The negative section of a positive embryo
cluster emitted weak red color (shown as dark grey areas in FIGS.
7A, B) due to auto fluorescence from the chlorophyll contained in
soybean green tissues including embryos. Negative controls for
other tissue types displayed in FIG. 7 are not shown, but any green
tissue such as leaf or stem negative for YFP expression would be
red and any white tissue such as root and petal would be dark
yellowish under the yellow fluorescent light filter.
[0173] When transgenic plantlets were regenerated from somatic
embryos, yellow fluorescence was detected in leaf, stem, and root
and was retained in all vegetative tissues throughout mature
plants. Fluorescence in young leaves collected from plantlets
seemed much stronger than that in leaves collected from mature
plants probably partly due to weak masking effect of less
chlorophyll in young leaves on yellow fluorescence (FIG. 7D).
Fluorescence was readily detected throughout the young stem of
plantlets and concentrated in the vascular bundles in the stem of
mature plants (FIGS. 7E, F). Though trichomes on leaf and stem
showed fluorescence, it was difficult to determine if the
fluorescence signals were specific to the transgenic reporter gene
since trichomes fluoresced under different non-specific fluorescent
light filters (FIGS. 7D, E). Fluorescence was detected in all parts
of root as shown by the cross section of a root (FIG. 7G).
[0174] A soybean flower consists of five sepals, five petals
including one standard large upper petal, two large side petals,
and two small fused lower petals called kneel to enclose ten
stamens and one pistil. The pistil consists of a stigma, a style,
and an ovary in which there are 2-4 ovules. A stamen consists of a
filament, and an anther on its tip. Pollen grains reside inside
anther chambers and are released during pollination. The earliest
yellow fluorescence was detected in sepals and in the exposed part
of petals of a young flower bud when its petals started to outgrow
sepals (FIG. 7H). The fluorescence signals seemed to concentrate in
anthers when a flower was dissected (FIG. 7I). A close look
revealed that the fluorescence signals were strongest in pollen
grains at both flower bud stage (FIG. 7J) and open flower stage
(FIG. 7M). Signals in other parts of the flower such as petals,
style, stigma, pistil wall, and mature anther walls, were mostly
too weak to be conclusively called positive (FIG. 7K-M). No
fluorescence signal could be detected in the ovules exposed from a
pistil (FIG. 7L). The few bright dots on the stigma and pistil wail
are pollen grains.
[0175] Strong yellow fluorescence was detected in developing pods
and seeds at all stages of the MTH1:YFP transgenic plants from very
young R3 pod of .about.5 mm long, to full R4 pod of .about.20 mm
long (FIG. 7N), until mature R5, R6 pod fully filled with seeds
(FIG. 7O). Detail descriptions of soybean development stages can be
found in (Fehr and Caviness, CODEN:IWSRBC 80:1-12 (1977)).
Fluorescence signals were detected in both seed coat and embryo
especially in the embryonic radical (FIG. 7P). In conclusion,
MTH1:YFP expression was detected with high levels in most tissues
throughout transgenic plant development indicating that the soybean
MTH1 promoter is a constitutive promoter with preferential strong
expression in pollen grains.
Sequence CWU 1
1
4611658DNAGlycine max 1gggtgaaatg gaacgtgtgt gatgggtaca agttgcttgt
ggtgtatcat gtatgagtat 60aaaatttagc tcaaataact tatcattgaa cggacttagt
tatacttttt ttttttttta 120tctttctaat acatatattt cgttgttata
aaagtagaaa tgttcgattt ctgtaaaatt 180atcgttgatt tttcttccac
gtaaaataaa attaaaatat gttatatttt tagaacataa 240caagattcgt
gtaaatttaa atttgtgaga atttctaaaa atcaattaaa aatcatcaca
300aattacagaa aaaccatcat aaattataga ataaaaataa atacaaatac
aaattatgat 360ggtttttaac ctcaaactta aatcttaaat atatttttaa
cctttaaaga tatgattttt 420tggagggcaa aaatatgacc tttcttcaaa
gtagtccatt tgtttgtatt tattattaat 480tgtaaatatt atttttagca
ccaaaatatc ttggcataaa attaaaacac acattttttt 540tctaaggtaa
acattaaaaa aagaactcat tccaaaaaag taacatgttt caaaaaatcc
600aaaaacattt aaattttaaa ataattctag taatagtatt tatatttaat
attaaaactc 660acaaataaat gagattgccc gttttatata aaattgggat
gagtaaatat gtatgataca 720attatataag gacaattaag tataattatg
tgtgcatgtt aaagttgatt taattaaata 780agatgcgtaa attattataa
ctttttttta acatttatac ttgctaacac accccatatt 840cacatgataa
taggaggcat ctctaatgag ttgatatttt tacacgagag tgatgagtaa
900gtttgaatta tgcaatcata aatagtaaaa tttaacaatc aatatttatt
taccttattt 960gtaagtgaaa aaaaatattt gtatatatat tataatttaa
agtataaatg aatttaaatg 1020aaatattagg ctgtgaaatt aatcataaga
ttcacaaata agaatctaga tgaattaatt 1080aatacccata gtgaaaaata
gtggtctcat taagaaaaaa attgaaaact caagtttatg 1140ttgtgcactt
ttgctatgta agagagagga aaggattaaa atgaaatgag caagctttat
1200aaaaaaatat aaatttaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaagca cgaggtagag
tagaatgatt 1260gcatgagtgg cacatggtga caaattcgag acagatattt
tcacaccttt ccatcacatc 1320aactctcccc cgttgatcat catttaatat
ctcatccaac ggcaaacaaa cgtacatttt 1380agaacatacc agaaaatccc
tctctctcat caatccaccc aagtgatgaa aacgacgtcg 1440acgtgggaga
agatccgcaa acggattaga cgcgtcgtca gatttcgaca cgtgtacggt
1500ggatgtttcg gactctctcc cctcaaccgc tttataaatt ggggtcgtgg
cttcgccttg 1560aaactcgttc tagtgtatgt gattgttgtg actcgttctt
cttcgtcgtt atcttcttct 1620tttgttgttt gtgtgtttgt tttttctctc acctgacc
165821255DNAGlycine max 2ttaaagatat gattttttgg agggcaaaaa
tatgaccttt cttcaaagta gtccatttgt 60ttgtatttat tattaattgt aaatattatt
tttagcacca aaatatcttg gcataaaatt 120aaaacacaca ttttttttct
aaggtaaaca ttaaaaaaag aactcattcc aaaaaagtaa 180catgtttcaa
aaaatccaaa aacatttaaa ttttaaaata attctagtaa tagtatttat
240atttaatatt aaaactcaca aataaatgag attgcccgtt ttatataaaa
ttgggatgag 300taaatatgta tgatacaatt atataaggac aattaagtat
aattatgtgt gcatgttaaa 360gttgatttaa ttaaataaga tgcgtaaatt
attataactt ttttttaaca tttatacttg 420ctaacacacc ccatattcac
atgataatag gaggcatctc taatgagttg atatttttac 480acgagagtga
tgagtaagtt tgaattatgc aatcataaat agtaaaattt aacaatcaat
540atttatttac cttatttgta agtgaaaaaa aatatttgta tatatattat
aatttaaagt 600ataaatgaat ttaaatgaaa tattaggctg tgaaattaat
cataagattc acaaataaga 660atctagatga attaattaat acccatagtg
aaaaatagtg gtctcattaa gaaaaaaatt 720gaaaactcaa gtttatgttg
tgcacttttg ctatgtaaga gagaggaaag gattaaaatg 780aaatgagcaa
gctttataaa aaaatataaa tttaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaagcacga
840ggtagagtag aatgattgca tgagtggcac atggtgacaa attcgagaca
gatattttca 900cacctttcca tcacatcaac tctcccccgt tgatcatcat
ttaatatctc atccaacggc 960aaacaaacgt acattttaga acataccaga
aaatccctct ctctcatcaa tccacccaag 1020tgatgaaaac gacgtcgacg
tgggagaaga tccgcaaacg gattagacgc gtcgtcagat 1080ttcgacacgt
gtacggtgga tgtttcggac tctctcccct caaccgcttt ataaattggg
1140gtcgtggctt cgccttgaaa ctcgttctag tgtatgtgat tgttgtgact
cgttcttctt 1200cgtcgttatc ttcttctttt gttgtttgtg tgtttgtttt
ttctctcacc tgacc 125531003DNAGlycine max 3aactcacaaa taaatgagat
tgcccgtttt atataaaatt gggatgagta aatatgtatg 60atacaattat ataaggacaa
ttaagtataa ttatgtgtgc atgttaaagt tgatttaatt 120aaataagatg
cgtaaattat tataactttt ttttaacatt tatacttgct aacacacccc
180atattcacat gataatagga ggcatctcta atgagttgat atttttacac
gagagtgatg 240agtaagtttg aattatgcaa tcataaatag taaaatttaa
caatcaatat ttatttacct 300tatttgtaag tgaaaaaaaa tatttgtata
tatattataa tttaaagtat aaatgaattt 360aaatgaaata ttaggctgtg
aaattaatca taagattcac aaataagaat ctagatgaat 420taattaatac
ccatagtgaa aaatagtggt ctcattaaga aaaaaattga aaactcaagt
480ttatgttgtg cacttttgct atgtaagaga gaggaaagga ttaaaatgaa
atgagcaagc 540tttataaaaa aatataaatt taaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa
aagcacgagg tagagtagaa 600tgattgcatg agtggcacat ggtgacaaat
tcgagacaga tattttcaca cctttccatc 660acatcaactc tcccccgttg
atcatcattt aatatctcat ccaacggcaa acaaacgtac 720attttagaac
ataccagaaa atccctctct ctcatcaatc cacccaagtg atgaaaacga
780cgtcgacgtg ggagaagatc cgcaaacgga ttagacgcgt cgtcagattt
cgacacgtgt 840acggtggatg tttcggactc tctcccctca accgctttat
aaattggggt cgtggcttcg 900ccttgaaact cgttctagtg tatgtgattg
ttgtgactcg ttcttcttcg tcgttatctt 960cttcttttgt tgtttgtgtg
tttgtttttt ctctcacctg acc 10034775DNAGlycine max 4acgagagtga
tgagtaagtt tgaattatgc aatcataaat agtaaaattt aacaatcaat 60atttatttac
cttatttgta agtgaaaaaa aatatttgta tatatattat aatttaaagt
120ataaatgaat ttaaatgaaa tattaggctg tgaaattaat cataagattc
acaaataaga 180atctagatga attaattaat acccatagtg aaaaatagtg
gtctcattaa gaaaaaaatt 240gaaaactcaa gtttatgttg tgcacttttg
ctatgtaaga gagaggaaag gattaaaatg 300aaatgagcaa gctttataaa
aaaatataaa tttaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaagcacga 360ggtagagtag
aatgattgca tgagtggcac atggtgacaa attcgagaca gatattttca
420cacctttcca tcacatcaac tctcccccgt tgatcatcat ttaatatctc
atccaacggc 480aaacaaacgt acattttaga acataccaga aaatccctct
ctctcatcaa tccacccaag 540tgatgaaaac gacgtcgacg tgggagaaga
tccgcaaacg gattagacgc gtcgtcagat 600ttcgacacgt gtacggtgga
tgtttcggac tctctcccct caaccgcttt ataaattggg 660gtcgtggctt
cgccttgaaa ctcgttctag tgtatgtgat tgttgtgact cgttcttctt
720cgtcgttatc ttcttctttt gttgtttgtg tgtttgtttt ttctctcacc tgacc
7755513DNAGlycine max 5cacttttgct atgtaagaga gaggaaagga ttaaaatgaa
atgagcaagc tttataaaaa 60aatataaatt taaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aagcacgagg
tagagtagaa tgattgcatg 120agtggcacat ggtgacaaat tcgagacaga
tattttcaca cctttccatc acatcaactc 180tcccccgttg atcatcattt
aatatctcat ccaacggcaa acaaacgtac attttagaac 240ataccagaaa
atccctctct ctcatcaatc cacccaagtg atgaaaacga cgtcgacgtg
300ggagaagatc cgcaaacgga ttagacgcgt cgtcagattt cgacacgtgt
acggtggatg 360tttcggactc tctcccctca accgctttat aaattggggt
cgtggcttcg ccttgaaact 420cgttctagtg tatgtgattg ttgtgactcg
ttcttcttcg tcgttatctt cttcttttgt 480tgtttgtgtg tttgtttttt
ctctcacctg acc 5136262DNAGlycine max 6tccctctctc tcatcaatcc
acccaagtga tgaaaacgac gtcgacgtgg gagaagatcc 60gcaaacggat tagacgcgtc
gtcagatttc gacacgtgta cggtggatgt ttcggactct 120ctcccctcaa
ccgctttata aattggggtc gtggcttcgc cttgaaactc gttctagtgt
180atgtgattgt tgtgactcgt tcttcttcgt cgttatcttc ttcttttgtt
gtttgtgtgt 240ttgttttttc tctcacctga cc 262734DNAArtificial
SequencePSO333209Xma primer 7atcatcccgg gtgaaatgga acgtgtgtga tggg
34837DNAArtificial SequencePSO333209Nco primer 8ttagtccatg
gtcaggtgag agaaaaaaca aacacac 37926DNAArtificial Sequenceprimer,
QC385-A 9ggtcaggtga gagaaaaaac aaacac 261027DNAArtificial
Sequenceprimer, QC371-S1 10ttaaagatat gattttttgg agggcaa
271126DNAArtificial Sequenceprimer, QC371-S2 11aactcacaaa
taaatgagat tgcccg 261230DNAArtificial Sequenceprimer, QC371-S3
12acgagagtga tgagtaagtt tgaattatgc 301329DNAArtificial
Sequenceprimer, QC371-S4 13cacttttgct atgtaagaga gaggaaagg
291424DNAArtificial Sequenceprimer, QC371-S5 14tccctctctc
tcatcaatcc accc 2415574DNAGlycine max 15gattgttgtg actcgttctt
cttcgtcgtt atcttcttct tttgttgttt gtgtgtttgt 60tttttctctc acctgaaaat
gtcttgctgc ggtggtaact gtggttgcgg aagcgcctgc 120aagtgcggca
acggctgcgg aggctgcaag atgtacccag acttgagcta caccgagtca
180accaccaccg agaccttggt catgggagtg gcaccagtta aggctcaatt
cgagagtgct 240gaaatgggtg ttcccgctga gaacgatggc tgcaaatgtg
gagctaactg cacctgcaac 300ccctgcactt gcaagtgagg tgttggagag
ctaaagcttc aagcagaaat ggcccttaga 360aataatgata aaaactatat
gtagtttcaa aacttcaaaa ttatgtagta tgtattatgt 420tgcactctgg
tgttttgtgt ctaaacaaac acccttagaa taaagtggtc atttcttgcc
480cttgagcaag ttcaagtgtt ttggacttgt gatgggtgtg ttaaggtcat
ggttgccttt 540tttttatata tatatatata tataaatgtt tggt
5741679PRTGlycine max 16Met Ser Cys Cys Gly Gly Asn Cys Gly Cys Gly
Ser Ala Cys Lys Cys1 5 10 15Gly Asn Gly Cys Gly Gly Cys Lys Met Tyr
Pro Asp Leu Ser Tyr Thr 20 25 30Glu Ser Thr Thr Thr Glu Thr Leu Val
Met Gly Val Ala Pro Val Lys 35 40 45Ala Gln Phe Glu Ser Ala Glu Met
Gly Val Pro Ala Glu Asn Asp Gly 50 55 60Cys Lys Cys Gly Ala Asn Cys
Thr Cys Asn Pro Cys Thr Cys Lys65 70 75174942DNAArtificial
Sequenceplasmid QC371 17catggcccac agcaagcacg gcctgaagga ggagatgacc
atgaagtacc acatggaggg 60ctgcgtgaac ggccacaagt tcgtgatcac cggcgagggc
atcggctacc ccttcaaggg 120caagcagacc atcaacctgt gcgtgatcga
gggcggcccc ctgcccttca gcgaggacat 180cctgagcgcc ggcttcaagt
acggcgaccg gatcttcacc gagtaccccc aggacatcgt 240ggactacttc
aagaacagct gccccgccgg ctacacctgg ggccggagct tcctgttcga
300ggacggcgcc gtgtgcatct gtaacgtgga catcaccgtg agcgtgaagg
agaactgcat 360ctaccacaag agcatcttca acggcgtgaa cttccccgcc
gacggccccg tgatgaagaa 420gatgaccacc aactgggagg ccagctgcga
gaagatcatg cccgtgccta agcagggcat 480cctgaagggc gacgtgagca
tgtacctgct gctgaaggac ggcggccggt accggtgcca 540gttcgacacc
gtgtacaagg ccaagagcgt gcccagcaag atgcccgagt ggcacttcat
600ccagcacaag ctgctgcggg aggaccggag cgacgccaag aaccagaagt
ggcagctgac 660cgagcacgcc atcgccttcc ccagcgccct ggcctgagag
ctcgaatttc cccgatcgtt 720caaacatttg gcaataaagt ttcttaagat
tgaatcctgt tgccggtctt gcgatgatta 780tcatataatt tctgttgaat
tacgttaagc atgtaataat taacatgtaa tgcatgacgt 840tatttatgag
atgggttttt atgattagag tcccgcaatt atacatttaa tacgcgatag
900aaaacaaaat atagcgcgca aactaggata aattatcgcg cgcggtgtca
tctatgttac 960tagatcggga attctagtgg ccggcccagc tgatatccat
cacactggcg gccgcactcg 1020actgaattgg ttccggcgcc agcctgcttt
tttgtacaaa gttggcatta taaaaaagca 1080ttgcttatca atttgttgca
acgaacaggt cactatcagt caaaataaaa tcattatttg 1140gggcccgagc
ttaagtaact aactaacagg aagagtttgt agaaacgcaa aaaggccatc
1200cgtcaggatg gccttctgct tagtttgatg cctggcagtt tatggcgggc
gtcctgcccg 1260ccaccctccg ggccgttgct tcacaacgtt caaatccgct
cccggcggat ttgtcctact 1320caggagagcg ttcaccgaca aacaacagat
aaaacgaaag gcccagtctt ccgactgagc 1380ctttcgtttt atttgatgcc
tggcagttcc ctactctcgc ttagtagtta gacgtccccg 1440agatccatgc
tagcggtaat acggttatcc acagaatcag gggataacgc aggaaagaac
1500atgtgagcaa aaggccagca aaaggccagg aaccgtaaaa aggccgcgtt
gctggcgttt 1560ttccataggc tccgcccccc tgacgagcat cacaaaaatc
gacgctcaag tcagaggtgg 1620cgaaacccga caggactata aagataccag
gcgtttcccc ctggaagctc cctcgtgcgc 1680tctcctgttc cgaccctgcc
gcttaccgga tacctgtccg cctttctccc ttcgggaagc 1740gtggcgcttt
ctcatagctc acgctgtagg tatctcagtt cggtgtaggt cgttcgctcc
1800aagctgggct gtgtgcacga accccccgtt cagcccgacc gctgcgcctt
atccggtaac 1860tatcgtcttg agtccaaccc ggtaagacac gacttatcgc
cactggcagc agccactggt 1920aacaggatta gcagagcgag gtatgtaggc
ggtgctacag agttcttgaa gtggtggcct 1980aactacggct acactagaag
aacagtattt ggtatctgcg ctctgctgaa gccagttacc 2040ttcggaaaaa
gagttggtag ctcttgatcc ggcaaacaaa ccaccgctgg tagcggtggt
2100ttttttgttt gcaagcagca gattacgcgc agaaaaaaag gatctcaaga
agatcctttg 2160atcttttcta cggggtctga cgctcagtgg aacggggccc
aatctgaata atgttacaac 2220caattaacca attctgatta gaaaaactca
tcgagcatca aatgaaactg caatttattc 2280atatcaggat tatcaatacc
atatttttga aaaagccgtt tctgtaatga aggagaaaac 2340tcaccgaggc
agttccatag gatggcaaga tcctggtatc ggtctgcgat tccgactcgt
2400ccaacatcaa tacaacctat taatttcccc tcgtcaaaaa taaggttatc
aagtgagaaa 2460tcaccatgag tgacgactga atccggtgag aatggcaaaa
gtttatgcat ttctttccag 2520acttgttcaa caggccagcc attacgctcg
tcatcaaaat cactcgcatc aaccaaaccg 2580ttattcattc gtgattgcgc
ctgagcgaga cgaaatacgc gatcgctgtt aaaaggacaa 2640ttacaaacag
gaatcgaatg caaccggcgc aggaacactg ccagcgcatc aacaatattt
2700tcacctgaat caggatattc ttctaatacc tggaatgctg tttttccggg
gatcgcagtg 2760gtgagtaacc atgcatcatc aggagtacgg ataaaatgct
tgatggtcgg aagaggcata 2820aattccgtca gccagtttag tctgaccatc
tcatctgtaa catcattggc aacgctacct 2880ttgccatgtt tcagaaacaa
ctctggcgca tcgggcttcc catacaagcg atagattgtc 2940gcacctgatt
gcccgacatt atcgcgagcc catttatacc catataaatc agcatccatg
3000ttggaattta atcgcggcct cgacgtttcc cgttgaatat ggctcataac
accccttgta 3060ttactgttta tgtaagcaga cagttttatt gttcatgatg
atatattttt atcttgtgca 3120atgtaacatc agagattttg agacacgggc
cagagctgca gctggatggc aaataatgat 3180tttattttga ctgatagtga
cctgttcgtt gcaacaaatt gataagcaat gctttcttat 3240aatgccaact
ttgtacaaga aagctgggtc tagatatctc gacccgggtg aaatggaacg
3300tgtgtgatgg gtacaagttg cttgtggtgt atcatgtatg agtataaaat
ttagctcaaa 3360taacttatca ttgaacggac ttagttatac tttttttttt
ttttatcttt ctaatacata 3420tatttcgttg ttataaaagt agaaatgttc
gatttctgta aaattatcgt tgatttttct 3480tccacgtaaa ataaaattaa
aatatgttat atttttagaa cataacaaga ttcgtgtaaa 3540tttaaatttg
tgagaatttc taaaaatcaa ttaaaaatca tcacaaatta cagaaaaacc
3600atcataaatt atagaataaa aataaataca aatacaaatt atgatggttt
ttaacctcaa 3660acttaaatct taaatatatt tttaaccttt aaagatatga
ttttttggag ggcaaaaata 3720tgacctttct tcaaagtagt ccatttgttt
gtatttatta ttaattgtaa atattatttt 3780tagcaccaaa atatcttggc
ataaaattaa aacacacatt ttttttctaa ggtaaacatt 3840aaaaaaagaa
ctcattccaa aaaagtaaca tgtttcaaaa aatccaaaaa catttaaatt
3900ttaaaataat tctagtaata gtatttatat ttaatattaa aactcacaaa
taaatgagat 3960tgcccgtttt atataaaatt gggatgagta aatatgtatg
atacaattat ataaggacaa 4020ttaagtataa ttatgtgtgc atgttaaagt
tgatttaatt aaataagatg cgtaaattat 4080tataactttt ttttaacatt
tatacttgct aacacacccc atattcacat gataatagga 4140ggcatctcta
atgagttgat atttttacac gagagtgatg agtaagtttg aattatgcaa
4200tcataaatag taaaatttaa caatcaatat ttatttacct tatttgtaag
tgaaaaaaaa 4260tatttgtata tatattataa tttaaagtat aaatgaattt
aaatgaaata ttaggctgtg 4320aaattaatca taagattcac aaataagaat
ctagatgaat taattaatac ccatagtgaa 4380aaatagtggt ctcattaaga
aaaaaattga aaactcaagt ttatgttgtg cacttttgct 4440atgtaagaga
gaggaaagga ttaaaatgaa atgagcaagc tttataaaaa aatataaatt
4500taaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aagcacgagg tagagtagaa tgattgcatg
agtggcacat 4560ggtgacaaat tcgagacaga tattttcaca cctttccatc
acatcaactc tcccccgttg 4620atcatcattt aatatctcat ccaacggcaa
acaaacgtac attttagaac ataccagaaa 4680atccctctct ctcatcaatc
cacccaagtg atgaaaacga cgtcgacgtg ggagaagatc 4740cgcaaacgga
ttagacgcgt cgtcagattt cgacacgtgt acggtggatg tttcggactc
4800tctcccctca accgctttat aaattggggt cgtggcttcg ccttgaaact
cgttctagtg 4860tatgtgattg ttgtgactcg ttcttcttcg tcgttatctt
cttcttttgt tgtttgtgtg 4920tttgtttttt ctctcacctg ac
4942189467DNAArtificial Sequenceplasmid QC383 18tttgtacaaa
cttgttgatg gggttaacat atcataactt cgtataatgt atgctatacg 60aagttatagg
cctggatctt cgaggtcgag cggccgcaga tttaggtgac actatagaat
120atgcatcact agtaagcttt gctctagatc aaactcacat ccaaacataa
catggatatc 180ttccttacca atcatactaa ttattttggg ttaaatatta
atcattattt ttaagatatt 240aattaagaaa ttaaaagatt ttttaaaaaa
atgtataaaa ttatattatt catgattttt 300catacatttg attttgataa
taaatatatt ttttttaatt tcttaaaaaa tgttgcaaga 360cacttattag
acatagtctt gttctgttta caaaagcatt catcatttaa tacattaaaa
420aatatttaat actaacagta gaatcttctt gtgagtggtg tgggagtagg
caacctggca 480ttgaaacgag agaaagagag tcagaaccag aagacaaata
aaaagtatgc aacaaacaaa 540tcaaaatcaa agggcaaagg ctggggttgg
ctcaattggt tgctacattc aattttcaac 600tcagtcaacg gttgagattc
actctgactt ccccaatcta agccgcggat gcaaacggtt 660gaatctaacc
cacaatccaa tctcgttact taggggcttt tccgtcatta actcacccct
720gccacccggt ttccctataa attggaactc aatgctcccc tctaaactcg
tatcgcttca 780gagttgagac caagacacac tcgttcatat atctctctgc
tcttctcttc tcttctacct 840ctcaaggtac ttttcttctc cctctaccaa
atcctagatt ccgtggttca atttcggatc 900ttgcacttct ggtttgcttt
gccttgcttt ttcctcaact gggtccatct aggatccatg 960tgaaactcta
ctctttcttt aatatctgcg gaatacgcgt ttgactttca gatctagtcg
1020aaatcatttc ataattgcct ttctttcttt tagcttatga gaaataaaat
cacttttttt 1080ttatttcaaa ataaaccttg ggccttgtgc tgactgagat
ggggtttggt gattacagaa 1140ttttagcgaa ttttgtaatt gtacttgttt
gtctgtagtt ttgttttgtt ttcttgtttc 1200tcatacattc cttaggcttc
aattttattc gagtataggt cacaatagga attcaaactt 1260tgagcagggg
aattaatccc ttccttcaaa tccagtttgt ttgtatatat gtttaaaaaa
1320tgaaactttt gctttaaatt ctattataac tttttttatg gctgaaattt
ttgcatgtgt 1380ctttgctctc tgttgtaaat ttactgttta ggtactaact
ctaggcttgt tgtgcagttt 1440ttgaagtata accatgccac acaacacaat
ggcggccacc gcttccagaa ccacccgatt 1500ctcttcttcc tcttcacacc
ccaccttccc caaacgcatt actagatcca ccctccctct 1560ctctcatcaa
accctcacca aacccaacca cgctctcaaa atcaaatgtt ccatctccaa
1620accccccacg gcggcgccct tcaccaagga agcgccgacc acggagccct
tcgtgtcacg 1680gttcgcctcc ggcgaacctc gcaagggcgc ggacatcctt
gtggaggcgc tggagaggca 1740gggcgtgacg acggtgttcg cgtaccccgg
cggtgcgtcg atggagatcc accaggcgct 1800cacgcgctcc gccgccatcc
gcaacgtgct cccgcgccac gagcagggcg gcgtcttcgc 1860cgccgaaggc
tacgcgcgtt cctccggcct ccccggcgtc tgcattgcca cctccggccc
1920cggcgccacc aacctcgtga gcggcctcgc cgacgcttta atggacagcg
tcccagtcgt 1980cgccatcacc ggccaggtcg cccgccggat gatcggcacc
gacgccttcc aagaaacccc 2040gatcgtggag gtgagcagat ccatcacgaa
gcacaactac ctcatcctcg acgtcgacga 2100catcccccgc gtcgtcgccg
aggctttctt cgtcgccacc tccggccgcc ccggtccggt 2160cctcatcgac
attcccaaag acgttcagca gcaactcgcc gtgcctaatt gggacgagcc
2220cgttaacctc cccggttacc tcgccaggct gcccaggccc cccgccgagg
cccaattgga 2280acacattgtc agactcatca tggaggccca aaagcccgtt
ctctacgtcg gcggtggcag 2340tttgaattcc agtgctgaat tgaggcgctt
tgttgaactc actggtattc ccgttgctag
2400cactttaatg ggtcttggaa cttttcctat tggtgatgaa tattcccttc
agatgctggg 2460tatgcatggt actgtttatg ctaactatgc tgttgacaat
agtgatttgt tgcttgcctt 2520tggggtaagg tttgatgacc gtgttactgg
gaagcttgag gcttttgcta gtagggctaa 2580gattgttcac attgatattg
attctgccga gattgggaag aacaagcagg cgcacgtgtc 2640ggtttgcgcg
gatttgaagt tggccttgaa gggaattaat atgattttgg aggagaaagg
2700agtggagggt aagtttgatc ttggaggttg gagagaagag attaatgtgc
agaaacacaa 2760gtttccattg ggttacaaga cattccagga cgcgatttct
ccgcagcatg ctatcgaggt 2820tcttgatgag ttgactaatg gagatgctat
tgttagtact ggggttgggc agcatcaaat 2880gtgggctgcg cagttttaca
agtacaagag accgaggcag tggttgacct cagggggtct 2940tggagccatg
ggttttggat tgcctgcggc tattggtgct gctgttgcta accctggggc
3000tgttgtggtt gacattgatg gggatggtag tttcatcatg aatgttcagg
agttggccac 3060tataagagtg gagaatctcc cagttaagat attgttgttg
aacaatcagc atttgggtat 3120ggtggttcag ttggaggata ggttctacaa
gtccaataga gctcacacct atcttggaga 3180tccgtctagc gagagcgaga
tattcccaaa catgctcaag tttgctgatg cttgtgggat 3240accggcagcg
cgagtgacga agaaggaaga gcttagagcg gcaattcaga gaatgttgga
3300cacccctggc ccctaccttc ttgatgtcat tgtgccccat caggagcatg
tgttgccgat 3360gattcccagt aatggatcct tcaaggatgt gataactgag
ggtgatggta gaacgaggta 3420ctgattgcct agaccaaatg ttccttgatg
cttgttttgt acaatatata taagataatg 3480ctgtcctagt tgcaggattt
ggcctgtggt gagcatcata gtctgtagta gttttggtag 3540caagacattt
tattttcctt ttatttaact tactacatgc agtagcatct atctatctct
3600gtagtctgat atctcctgtt gtctgtattg tgccgttgga ttttttgctg
tagtgagact 3660gaaaatgatg tgctagtaat aatatttctg ttagaaatct
aagtagagaa tctgttgaag 3720aagtcaaaag ctaatggaat caggttacat
attcaatgtt tttctttttt tagcggttgg 3780tagacgtgta gattcaactt
ctcttggagc tcacctaggc aatcagtaaa atgcatattc 3840cttttttaac
ttgccattta tttactttta gtggaaattg tgaccaattt gttcatgtag
3900aacggatttg gaccattgcg tccacaaaac gtctcttttg ctcgatcttc
acaaagcgat 3960accgaaatcc agagatagtt ttcaaaagtc agaaatggca
aagttataaa tagtaaaaca 4020gaatagatgc tgtaatcgac ttcaataaca
agtggcatca cgtttctagt tctagaccca 4080tcagatcgaa ttaacatatc
ataacttcgt ataatgtatg ctatacgaag ttataggcct 4140ggatccacta
gttctagagc ggccgctcga gggggggccc ggtaccggcg cgccgttcta
4200tagtgtcacc taaatcgtat gtgtatgata cataaggtta tgtattaatt
gtagccgcgt 4260tctaacgaca atatgtccat atggtgcact ctcagtacaa
tctgctctga tgccgcatag 4320ttaagccagc cccgacaccc gccaacaccc
gctgacgcgc cctgacgggc ttgtctgctc 4380ccggcatccg cttacagaca
agctgtgacc gtctccggga gctgcatgtg tcagaggttt 4440tcaccgtcat
caccgaaacg cgcgagacga aagggcctcg tgatacgcct atttttatag
4500gttaatgtca tgaccaaaat cccttaacgt gagttttcgt tccactgagc
gtcagacccc 4560gtagaaaaga tcaaaggatc ttcttgagat cctttttttc
tgcgcgtaat ctgctgcttg 4620caaacaaaaa aaccaccgct accagcggtg
gtttgtttgc cggatcaaga gctaccaact 4680ctttttccga aggtaactgg
cttcagcaga gcgcagatac caaatactgt ccttctagtg 4740tagccgtagt
taggccacca cttcaagaac tctgtagcac cgcctacata cctcgctctg
4800ctaatcctgt taccagtggc tgctgccagt ggcgataagt cgtgtcttac
cgggttggac 4860tcaagacgat agttaccgga taaggcgcag cggtcgggct
gaacgggggg ttcgtgcaca 4920cagcccagct tggagcgaac gacctacacc
gaactgagat acctacagcg tgagcattga 4980gaaagcgcca cgcttcccga
agggagaaag gcggacaggt atccggtaag cggcagggtc 5040ggaacaggag
agcgcacgag ggagcttcca gggggaaacg cctggtatct ttatagtcct
5100gtcgggtttc gccacctctg acttgagcgt cgatttttgt gatgctcgtc
aggggggcgg 5160agcctatgga aaaacgccag caacgcggcc tttttacggt
tcctggcctt ttgctggcct 5220tttgctcaca tgttctttcc tgcgttatcc
cctgattctg tggataaccg tattaccgcc 5280tttgagtgag ctgataccgc
tcgccgcagc cgaacgaccg agcgcagcga gtcagtgagc 5340gaggaagcgg
aagagcgccc aatacgcaaa ccgcctctcc ccgcgcgttg gccgattcat
5400taatgcaggt tgatcagatc tcgatcccgc gaaattaata cgactcacta
tagggagacc 5460acaacggttt ccctctagaa ataattttgt ttaactttaa
gaaggagata tacccatgga 5520aaagcctgaa ctcaccgcga cgtctgtcga
gaagtttctg atcgaaaagt tcgacagcgt 5580ctccgacctg atgcagctct
cggagggcga agaatctcgt gctttcagct tcgatgtagg 5640agggcgtgga
tatgtcctgc gggtaaatag ctgcgccgat ggtttctaca aagatcgtta
5700tgtttatcgg cactttgcat cggccgcgct cccgattccg gaagtgcttg
acattgggga 5760attcagcgag agcctgacct attgcatctc ccgccgtgca
cagggtgtca cgttgcaaga 5820cctgcctgaa accgaactgc ccgctgttct
gcagccggtc gcggaggcta tggatgcgat 5880cgctgcggcc gatcttagcc
agacgagcgg gttcggccca ttcggaccgc aaggaatcgg 5940tcaatacact
acatggcgtg atttcatatg cgcgattgct gatccccatg tgtatcactg
6000gcaaactgtg atggacgaca ccgtcagtgc gtccgtcgcg caggctctcg
atgagctgat 6060gctttgggcc gaggactgcc ccgaagtccg gcacctcgtg
cacgcggatt tcggctccaa 6120caatgtcctg acggacaatg gccgcataac
agcggtcatt gactggagcg aggcgatgtt 6180cggggattcc caatacgagg
tcgccaacat cttcttctgg aggccgtggt tggcttgtat 6240ggagcagcag
acgcgctact tcgagcggag gcatccggag cttgcaggat cgccgcggct
6300ccgggcgtat atgctccgca ttggtcttga ccaactctat cagagcttgg
ttgacggcaa 6360tttcgatgat gcagcttggg cgcagggtcg atgcgacgca
atcgtccgat ccggagccgg 6420gactgtcggg cgtacacaaa tcgcccgcag
aagcgcggcc gtctggaccg atggctgtgt 6480agaagtactc gccgatagtg
gaaaccgacg ccccagcact cgtccgaggg caaaggaata 6540gtgaggtaca
gcttggatcg atccggctgc taacaaagcc cgaaaggaag ctgagttggc
6600tgctgccacc gctgagcaat aactagcata accccttggg gcctctaaac
gggtcttgag 6660gggttttttg ctgaaaggag gaactatatc cggatgatcg
ggcgcgccgg tacccatcaa 6720ccactttgta caagaaagct gggtctagat
atctcgaccc gggtgaaatg gaacgtgtgt 6780gatgggtaca agttgcttgt
ggtgtatcat gtatgagtat aaaatttagc tcaaataact 6840tatcattgaa
cggacttagt tatacttttt ttttttttta tctttctaat acatatattt
6900cgttgttata aaagtagaaa tgttcgattt ctgtaaaatt atcgttgatt
tttcttccac 6960gtaaaataaa attaaaatat gttatatttt tagaacataa
caagattcgt gtaaatttaa 7020atttgtgaga atttctaaaa atcaattaaa
aatcatcaca aattacagaa aaaccatcat 7080aaattataga ataaaaataa
atacaaatac aaattatgat ggtttttaac ctcaaactta 7140aatcttaaat
atatttttaa cctttaaaga tatgattttt tggagggcaa aaatatgacc
7200tttcttcaaa gtagtccatt tgtttgtatt tattattaat tgtaaatatt
atttttagca 7260ccaaaatatc ttggcataaa attaaaacac acattttttt
tctaaggtaa acattaaaaa 7320aagaactcat tccaaaaaag taacatgttt
caaaaaatcc aaaaacattt aaattttaaa 7380ataattctag taatagtatt
tatatttaat attaaaactc acaaataaat gagattgccc 7440gttttatata
aaattgggat gagtaaatat gtatgataca attatataag gacaattaag
7500tataattatg tgtgcatgtt aaagttgatt taattaaata agatgcgtaa
attattataa 7560ctttttttta acatttatac ttgctaacac accccatatt
cacatgataa taggaggcat 7620ctctaatgag ttgatatttt tacacgagag
tgatgagtaa gtttgaatta tgcaatcata 7680aatagtaaaa tttaacaatc
aatatttatt taccttattt gtaagtgaaa aaaaatattt 7740gtatatatat
tataatttaa agtataaatg aatttaaatg aaatattagg ctgtgaaatt
7800aatcataaga ttcacaaata agaatctaga tgaattaatt aatacccata
gtgaaaaata 7860gtggtctcat taagaaaaaa attgaaaact caagtttatg
ttgtgcactt ttgctatgta 7920agagagagga aaggattaaa atgaaatgag
caagctttat aaaaaaatat aaatttaaaa 7980aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaagca
cgaggtagag tagaatgatt gcatgagtgg cacatggtga 8040caaattcgag
acagatattt tcacaccttt ccatcacatc aactctcccc cgttgatcat
8100catttaatat ctcatccaac ggcaaacaaa cgtacatttt agaacatacc
agaaaatccc 8160tctctctcat caatccaccc aagtgatgaa aacgacgtcg
acgtgggaga agatccgcaa 8220acggattaga cgcgtcgtca gatttcgaca
cgtgtacggt ggatgtttcg gactctctcc 8280cctcaaccgc tttataaatt
ggggtcgtgg cttcgccttg aaactcgttc tagtgtatgt 8340gattgttgtg
actcgttctt cttcgtcgtt atcttcttct tttgttgttt gtgtgtttgt
8400tttttctctc acctgaccat ggcccacagc aagcacggcc tgaaggagga
gatgaccatg 8460aagtaccaca tggagggctg cgtgaacggc cacaagttcg
tgatcaccgg cgagggcatc 8520ggctacccct tcaagggcaa gcagaccatc
aacctgtgcg tgatcgaggg cggccccctg 8580cccttcagcg aggacatcct
gagcgccggc ttcaagtacg gcgaccggat cttcaccgag 8640tacccccagg
acatcgtgga ctacttcaag aacagctgcc ccgccggcta cacctggggc
8700cggagcttcc tgttcgagga cggcgccgtg tgcatctgta acgtggacat
caccgtgagc 8760gtgaaggaga actgcatcta ccacaagagc atcttcaacg
gcgtgaactt ccccgccgac 8820ggccccgtga tgaagaagat gaccaccaac
tgggaggcca gctgcgagaa gatcatgccc 8880gtgcctaagc agggcatcct
gaagggcgac gtgagcatgt acctgctgct gaaggacggc 8940ggccggtacc
ggtgccagtt cgacaccgtg tacaaggcca agagcgtgcc cagcaagatg
9000cccgagtggc acttcatcca gcacaagctg ctgcgggagg accggagcga
cgccaagaac 9060cagaagtggc agctgaccga gcacgccatc gccttcccca
gcgccctggc ctgagagctc 9120gaatttcccc gatcgttcaa acatttggca
ataaagtttc ttaagattga atcctgttgc 9180cggtcttgcg atgattatca
tataatttct gttgaattac gttaagcatg taataattaa 9240catgtaatgc
atgacgttat ttatgagatg ggtttttatg attagagtcc cgcaattata
9300catttaatac gcgatagaaa acaaaatata gcgcgcaaac taggataaat
tatcgcgcgc 9360ggtgtcatct atgttactag atcgggaatt ctagtggccg
gcccagctga tatccatcac 9420actggcggcc gcactcgact gaattggttc
cggcgccagc ctgcttt 9467194913DNAArtificial Sequenceplasmid QC371-1Y
19cttgtacaaa gtggttgatg ggatccatgg cccacagcaa gcacggcctg aaggaggaga
60tgaccatgaa gtaccacatg gagggctgcg tgaacggcca caagttcgtg atcaccggcg
120agggcatcgg ctaccccttc aagggcaagc agaccatcaa cctgtgcgtg
atcgagggcg 180gccccctgcc cttcagcgag gacatcctga gcgccggctt
caagtacggc gaccggatct 240tcaccgagta cccccaggac atcgtggact
acttcaagaa cagctgcccc gccggctaca 300cctggggccg gagcttcctg
ttcgaggacg gcgccgtgtg catctgtaac gtggacatca 360ccgtgagcgt
gaaggagaac tgcatctacc acaagagcat cttcaacggc gtgaacttcc
420ccgccgacgg ccccgtgatg aagaagatga ccaccaactg ggaggccagc
tgcgagaaga 480tcatgcccgt gcctaagcag ggcatcctga agggcgacgt
gagcatgtac ctgctgctga 540aggacggcgg ccggtaccgg tgccagttcg
acaccgtgta caaggccaag agcgtgccca 600gcaagatgcc cgagtggcac
ttcatccagc acaagctgct gcgggaggac cggagcgacg 660ccaagaacca
gaagtggcag ctgaccgagc acgccatcgc cttccccagc gccctggcct
720gagagctcga atttccccga tcgttcaaac atttggcaat aaagtttctt
aagattgaat 780cctgttgccg gtcttgcgat gattatcata taatttctgt
tgaattacgt taagcatgta 840ataattaaca tgtaatgcat gacgttattt
atgagatggg tttttatgat tagagtcccg 900caattataca tttaatacgc
gatagaaaac aaaatatagc gcgcaaacta ggataaatta 960tcgcgcgcgg
tgtcatctat gttactagat cgggaattct agtggccggc ccagctgata
1020tccatcacac tggcggccgc tcgagttcta tagtgtcacc taaatcgtat
gtgtatgata 1080cataaggtta tgtattaatt gtagccgcgt tctaacgaca
atatgtccat atggtgcact 1140ctcagtacaa tctgctctga tgccgcatag
ttaagccagc cccgacaccc gccaacaccc 1200gctgacgcgc cctgacgggc
ttgtctgctc ccggcatccg cttacagaca agctgtgacc 1260gtctccggga
gctgcatgtg tcagaggttt tcaccgtcat caccgaaacg cgcgagacga
1320aagggcctcg tgatacgcct atttttatag gttaatgtca tgaccaaaat
cccttaacgt 1380gagttttcgt tccactgagc gtcagacccc gtagaaaaga
tcaaaggatc ttcttgagat 1440cctttttttc tgcgcgtaat ctgctgcttg
caaacaaaaa aaccaccgct accagcggtg 1500gtttgtttgc cggatcaaga
gctaccaact ctttttccga aggtaactgg cttcagcaga 1560gcgcagatac
caaatactgt ccttctagtg tagccgtagt taggccacca cttcaagaac
1620tctgtagcac cgcctacata cctcgctctg ctaatcctgt taccagtggc
tgctgccagt 1680ggcgataagt cgtgtcttac cgggttggac tcaagacgat
agttaccgga taaggcgcag 1740cggtcgggct gaacgggggg ttcgtgcaca
cagcccagct tggagcgaac gacctacacc 1800gaactgagat acctacagcg
tgagcattga gaaagcgcca cgcttcccga agggagaaag 1860gcggacaggt
atccggtaag cggcagggtc ggaacaggag agcgcacgag ggagcttcca
1920gggggaaacg cctggtatct ttatagtcct gtcgggtttc gccacctctg
acttgagcgt 1980cgatttttgt gatgctcgtc aggggggcgg agcctatgga
aaaacgccag caacgcggcc 2040tttttacggt tcctggcctt ttgctggcct
tttgctcaca tgttctttcc tgcgttatcc 2100cctgattctg tggataaccg
tattaccgcc tttgagtgag ctgataccgc tcgccgcagc 2160cgaacgaccg
agcgcagcga gtcagtgagc gaggaagcgg aagagcgccc aatacgcaaa
2220ccgcctctcc ccgcgcgttg gccgattcat taatgcaggt tgatcagatc
tcgatcccgc 2280gaaattaata cgactcacta tagggagacc acaacggttt
ccctctagaa ataattttgt 2340ttaactttaa gaaggagata tacccatgga
aaagcctgaa ctcaccgcga cgtctgtcga 2400gaagtttctg atcgaaaagt
tcgacagcgt ctccgacctg atgcagctct cggagggcga 2460agaatctcgt
gctttcagct tcgatgtagg agggcgtgga tatgtcctgc gggtaaatag
2520ctgcgccgat ggtttctaca aagatcgtta tgtttatcgg cactttgcat
cggccgcgct 2580cccgattccg gaagtgcttg acattgggga attcagcgag
agcctgacct attgcatctc 2640ccgccgtgca cagggtgtca cgttgcaaga
cctgcctgaa accgaactgc ccgctgttct 2700gcagccggtc gcggaggcta
tggatgcgat cgctgcggcc gatcttagcc agacgagcgg 2760gttcggccca
ttcggaccgc aaggaatcgg tcaatacact acatggcgtg atttcatatg
2820cgcgattgct gatccccatg tgtatcactg gcaaactgtg atggacgaca
ccgtcagtgc 2880gtccgtcgcg caggctctcg atgagctgat gctttgggcc
gaggactgcc ccgaagtccg 2940gcacctcgtg cacgcggatt tcggctccaa
caatgtcctg acggacaatg gccgcataac 3000agcggtcatt gactggagcg
aggcgatgtt cggggattcc caatacgagg tcgccaacat 3060cttcttctgg
aggccgtggt tggcttgtat ggagcagcag acgcgctact tcgagcggag
3120gcatccggag cttgcaggat cgccgcggct ccgggcgtat atgctccgca
ttggtcttga 3180ccaactctat cagagcttgg ttgacggcaa tttcgatgat
gcagcttggg cgcagggtcg 3240atgcgacgca atcgtccgat ccggagccgg
gactgtcggg cgtacacaaa tcgcccgcag 3300aagcgcggcc gtctggaccg
atggctgtgt agaagtactc gccgatagtg gaaaccgacg 3360ccccagcact
cgtccgaggg caaaggaata gtgaggtaca gcttggatcg atccggctgc
3420taacaaagcc cgaaaggaag ctgagttggc tgctgccacc gctgagcaat
aactagcata 3480accccttggg gcctctaaac gggtcttgag gggttttttg
ctgaaaggag gaactatatc 3540cggatgatcg tcgaggcctc acgtgttaac
aagcttgcat gcctgcaggt ttatcaacaa 3600gtttgtacaa aaaagcaggc
tccgaattcg cccttttaaa gatatgattt tttggagggc 3660aaaaatatga
cctttcttca aagtagtcca tttgtttgta tttattatta attgtaaata
3720ttatttttag caccaaaata tcttggcata aaattaaaac acacattttt
tttctaaggt 3780aaacattaaa aaaagaactc attccaaaaa agtaacatgt
ttcaaaaaat ccaaaaacat 3840ttaaatttta aaataattct agtaatagta
tttatattta atattaaaac tcacaaataa 3900atgagattgc ccgttttata
taaaattggg atgagtaaat atgtatgata caattatata 3960aggacaatta
agtataatta tgtgtgcatg ttaaagttga tttaattaaa taagatgcgt
4020aaattattat aacttttttt taacatttat acttgctaac acaccccata
ttcacatgat 4080aataggaggc atctctaatg agttgatatt tttacacgag
agtgatgagt aagtttgaat 4140tatgcaatca taaatagtaa aatttaacaa
tcaatattta tttaccttat ttgtaagtga 4200aaaaaaatat ttgtatatat
attataattt aaagtataaa tgaatttaaa tgaaatatta 4260ggctgtgaaa
ttaatcataa gattcacaaa taagaatcta gatgaattaa ttaataccca
4320tagtgaaaaa tagtggtctc attaagaaaa aaattgaaaa ctcaagttta
tgttgtgcac 4380ttttgctatg taagagagag gaaaggatta aaatgaaatg
agcaagcttt ataaaaaaat 4440ataaatttaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaag
cacgaggtag agtagaatga ttgcatgagt 4500ggcacatggt gacaaattcg
agacagatat tttcacacct ttccatcaca tcaactctcc 4560cccgttgatc
atcatttaat atctcatcca acggcaaaca aacgtacatt ttagaacata
4620ccagaaaatc cctctctctc atcaatccac ccaagtgatg aaaacgacgt
cgacgtggga 4680gaagatccgc aaacggatta gacgcgtcgt cagatttcga
cacgtgtacg gtggatgttt 4740cggactctct cccctcaacc gctttataaa
ttggggtcgt ggcttcgcct tgaaactcgt 4800tctagtgtat gtgattgttg
tgactcgttc ttcttcgtcg ttatcttctt cttttgttgt 4860ttgtgtgttt
gttttttctc tcacctgacc aagggcgaat tcgacccagc ttt
49132026DNAArtificial SequenceSams-L primer 20gaccaagaca cactcgttca
tatatc 262125DNAArtificial SequenceSams-L2 primer 21tctgctgctc
aatgtttaca aggac 252220DNAArtificial SequencePSO333209 sense primer
22tcatgggagt ggcaccagtt 202319DNAArtificial SequencePSO333209
antisense primer 23tcgttctcag cgggaacac 192424DNAArtificial
SequenceATPS sense primer 24catgattggg agaaacctta agct
242520DNAArtificial SequenceATPS antisense primer 25agattgggcc
agaggatcct 202621DNAArtificial SequencePSO333209 sense primer,
PSO333209JK-S 26gtcaaccacc accgagacct t 212725DNAArtificial
SequencePSO333209 antisense primer, PSO333209JK-A 27tgaccttaac
acacccatca caagt 252822DNAArtificial SequenceSAMS forward primer
(SAMS-48F) 28ggaagaagag aatcgggtgg tt 222923DNAArtificial
SequenceFAM labeled SAMS probe (SAMS-88T) 29attgtgttgt gtggcatggt
tat 233023DNAArtificial SequenceSAMS reverse primer (SAMS-134R)
30ggcttgttgt gcagtttttg aag 233120DNAArtificial SequenceYFP forward
primer (YFP-67F) 31aacggccaca agttcgtgat 203220DNAArtificial
SequenceFAM labeled YFP probe (YFP-88T) 32accggcgagg gcatcggcta
203320DNAArtificial SequenceYFP reverse primer (YFP-130R)
33cttcaagggc aagcagacca 203424DNAArtificial SequenceHSP forward
primer (HSP-F1) 34caaacttgac aaagccacaa ctct 243520DNAArtificial
SequenceVIC labeled HSP probe (HSP probe) 35ctctcatctc atataaatac
203621DNAArtificial SequenceHSP reverse primer (HSP-R1)
36ggagaaattg gtgtcgtgga a 2137100DNAArtificial SequenceAttL1
recombination site in Gateway cloning system 37caaataatga
ttttattttg actgatagtg acctgttcgt tgcaacaaat tgataagcaa 60tgctttttta
taatgccaac tttgtacaaa aaagcaggct 10038100DNAArtificial
SequenceAttL2 recombination site in the Gateway cloning system
38caaataatga ttttattttg actgatagtg acctgttcgt tgcaacaaat tgataagcaa
60tgctttctta taatgccaac tttgtacaag aaagctgggt 10039125DNAArtificial
SequenceAttR1 recombination site in the Gateway cloning system
39acaagtttgt acaaaaaagc tgaacgagaa acgtaaaatg atataaatat caatatatta
60aattagattt tgcataaaaa acagactaca taatactgta aaacacaaca tatccagtca
120ctatg 12540125DNAArtificial SequenceAttR2 recombinantion site in
the Gateway cloning system 40accactttgt acaagaaagc tgaacgagaa
acgtaaaatg atataaatat caatatatta 60aattagattt tgcataaaaa acagactaca
taatactgta aaacacaaca tatccagtca 120ctatg 1254121DNAArtificial
SequenceAttB1 recombination site in the Gateway cloning system
41caagtttgta caaaaaagca g 214221DNAArtificial SequenceAttB2
recombination site in the
Gateway cloning system 42cagctttctt gtacaaagtg g
21438409DNAArtificial Sequenceplasmid QC324i 43atcaaccact
ttgtacaaga aagctgaacg agaaacgtaa aatgatataa atatcaatat 60attaaattag
attttgcata aaaaacagac tacataatac tgtaaaacac aacatatcca
120gtcactatgg tcgacctgca gactggctgt gtataaggga gcctgacatt
tatattcccc 180agaacatcag gttaatggcg tttttgatgt cattttcgcg
gtggctgaga tcagccactt 240cttccccgat aacggagacc ggcacactgg
ccatatcggt ggtcatcatg cgccagcttt 300catccccgat atgcaccacc
gggtaaagtt cacgggagac tttatctgac agcagacgtg 360cactggccag
ggggatcacc atccgtcgcc cgggcgtgtc aataatatca ctctgtacat
420ccacaaacag acgataacgg ctctctcttt tataggtgta aaccttaaac
tgcatttcac 480cagcccctgt tctcgtcagc aaaagagccg ttcatttcaa
taaaccgggc gacctcagcc 540atcccttcct gattttccgc tttccagcgt
tcggcacgca gacgacgggc ttcattctgc 600atggttgtgc ttaccagacc
ggagatattg acatcatata tgccttgagc aactgatagc 660tgtcgctgtc
aactgtcact gtaatacgct gcttcatagc atacctcttt ttgacatact
720tcgggtatac atatcagtat atattcttat accgcaaaaa tcagcgcgca
aatacgcata 780ctgttatctg gcttttagta agccggatcc agatctttac
gccccgccct gccactcatc 840gcagtactgt tgtaattcat taagcattct
gccgacatgg aagccatcac aaacggcatg 900atgaacctga atcgccagcg
gcatcagcac cttgtcgcct tgcgtataat atttgcccat 960ggtgaaaacg
ggggcgaaga agttgtccat attggccacg tttaaatcaa aactggtgaa
1020actcacccag ggattggctg agacgaaaaa catattctca ataaaccctt
tagggaaata 1080ggccaggttt tcaccgtaac acgccacatc ttgcgaatat
atgtgtagaa actgccggaa 1140atcgtcgtgg tattcactcc agagcgatga
aaacgtttca gtttgctcat ggaaaacggt 1200gtaacaaggg tgaacactat
cccatatcac cagctcaccg tctttcattg ccatacggaa 1260ttccggatga
gcattcatca ggcgggcaag aatgtgaata aaggccggat aaaacttgtg
1320cttatttttc tttacggtct ttaaaaaggc cgtaatatcc agctgaacgg
tctggttata 1380ggtacattga gcaactgact gaaatgcctc aaaatgttct
ttacgatgcc attgggatat 1440atcaacggtg gtatatccag tgattttttt
ctccatttta gcttccttag ctcctgaaaa 1500tctcgacgga tcctaactca
aaatccacac attatacgag ccggaagcat aaagtgtaaa 1560gcctggggtg
cctaatgcgg ccgccaatat gactggatat gttgtgtttt acagtattat
1620gtagtctgtt ttttatgcaa aatctaattt aatatattga tatttatatc
attttacgtt 1680tctcgttcag cttttttgta caaacttgtt gatggggtta
acatatcata acttcgtata 1740atgtatgcta tacgaagtta taggcctgga
tcttcgaggt cgagcggccg cagatttagg 1800tgacactata gaatatgcat
cactagtaag ctttgctcta gatcaaactc acatccaaac 1860ataacatgga
tatcttcctt accaatcata ctaattattt tgggttaaat attaatcatt
1920atttttaaga tattaattaa gaaattaaaa gattttttaa aaaaatgtat
aaaattatat 1980tattcatgat ttttcataca tttgattttg ataataaata
tatttttttt aatttcttaa 2040aaaatgttgc aagacactta ttagacatag
tcttgttctg tttacaaaag cattcatcat 2100ttaatacatt aaaaaatatt
taatactaac agtagaatct tcttgtgagt ggtgtgggag 2160taggcaacct
ggcattgaaa cgagagaaag agagtcagaa ccagaagaca aataaaaagt
2220atgcaacaaa caaatcaaaa tcaaagggca aaggctgggg ttggctcaat
tggttgctac 2280attcaatttt caactcagtc aacggttgag attcactctg
acttccccaa tctaagccgc 2340ggatgcaaac ggttgaatct aacccacaat
ccaatctcgt tacttagggg cttttccgtc 2400attaactcac ccctgccacc
cggtttccct ataaattgga actcaatgct cccctctaaa 2460ctcgtatcgc
ttcagagttg agaccaagac acactcgttc atatatctct ctgctcttct
2520cttctcttct acctctcaag gtacttttct tctccctcta ccaaatccta
gattccgtgg 2580ttcaatttcg gatcttgcac ttctggtttg ctttgccttg
ctttttcctc aactgggtcc 2640atctaggatc catgtgaaac tctactcttt
ctttaatatc tgcggaatac gcgtttgact 2700ttcagatcta gtcgaaatca
tttcataatt gcctttcttt cttttagctt atgagaaata 2760aaatcacttt
ttttttattt caaaataaac cttgggcctt gtgctgactg agatggggtt
2820tggtgattac agaattttag cgaattttgt aattgtactt gtttgtctgt
agttttgttt 2880tgttttcttg tttctcatac attccttagg cttcaatttt
attcgagtat aggtcacaat 2940aggaattcaa actttgagca ggggaattaa
tcccttcctt caaatccagt ttgtttgtat 3000atatgtttaa aaaatgaaac
ttttgcttta aattctatta taactttttt tatggctgaa 3060atttttgcat
gtgtctttgc tctctgttgt aaatttactg tttaggtact aactctaggc
3120ttgttgtgca gtttttgaag tataaccatg ccacacaaca caatggcggc
caccgcttcc 3180agaaccaccc gattctcttc ttcctcttca caccccacct
tccccaaacg cattactaga 3240tccaccctcc ctctctctca tcaaaccctc
accaaaccca accacgctct caaaatcaaa 3300tgttccatct ccaaaccccc
cacggcggcg cccttcacca aggaagcgcc gaccacggag 3360cccttcgtgt
cacggttcgc ctccggcgaa cctcgcaagg gcgcggacat ccttgtggag
3420gcgctggaga ggcagggcgt gacgacggtg ttcgcgtacc ccggcggtgc
gtcgatggag 3480atccaccagg cgctcacgcg ctccgccgcc atccgcaacg
tgctcccgcg ccacgagcag 3540ggcggcgtct tcgccgccga aggctacgcg
cgttcctccg gcctccccgg cgtctgcatt 3600gccacctccg gccccggcgc
caccaacctc gtgagcggcc tcgccgacgc tttaatggac 3660agcgtcccag
tcgtcgccat caccggccag gtcgcccgcc ggatgatcgg caccgacgcc
3720ttccaagaaa ccccgatcgt ggaggtgagc agatccatca cgaagcacaa
ctacctcatc 3780ctcgacgtcg acgacatccc ccgcgtcgtc gccgaggctt
tcttcgtcgc cacctccggc 3840cgccccggtc cggtcctcat cgacattccc
aaagacgttc agcagcaact cgccgtgcct 3900aattgggacg agcccgttaa
cctccccggt tacctcgcca ggctgcccag gccccccgcc 3960gaggcccaat
tggaacacat tgtcagactc atcatggagg cccaaaagcc cgttctctac
4020gtcggcggtg gcagtttgaa ttccagtgct gaattgaggc gctttgttga
actcactggt 4080attcccgttg ctagcacttt aatgggtctt ggaacttttc
ctattggtga tgaatattcc 4140cttcagatgc tgggtatgca tggtactgtt
tatgctaact atgctgttga caatagtgat 4200ttgttgcttg cctttggggt
aaggtttgat gaccgtgtta ctgggaagct tgaggctttt 4260gctagtaggg
ctaagattgt tcacattgat attgattctg ccgagattgg gaagaacaag
4320caggcgcacg tgtcggtttg cgcggatttg aagttggcct tgaagggaat
taatatgatt 4380ttggaggaga aaggagtgga gggtaagttt gatcttggag
gttggagaga agagattaat 4440gtgcagaaac acaagtttcc attgggttac
aagacattcc aggacgcgat ttctccgcag 4500catgctatcg aggttcttga
tgagttgact aatggagatg ctattgttag tactggggtt 4560gggcagcatc
aaatgtgggc tgcgcagttt tacaagtaca agagaccgag gcagtggttg
4620acctcagggg gtcttggagc catgggtttt ggattgcctg cggctattgg
tgctgctgtt 4680gctaaccctg gggctgttgt ggttgacatt gatggggatg
gtagtttcat catgaatgtt 4740caggagttgg ccactataag agtggagaat
ctcccagtta agatattgtt gttgaacaat 4800cagcatttgg gtatggtggt
tcagttggag gataggttct acaagtccaa tagagctcac 4860acctatcttg
gagatccgtc tagcgagagc gagatattcc caaacatgct caagtttgct
4920gatgcttgtg ggataccggc agcgcgagtg acgaagaagg aagagcttag
agcggcaatt 4980cagagaatgt tggacacccc tggcccctac cttcttgatg
tcattgtgcc ccatcaggag 5040catgtgttgc cgatgattcc cagtaatgga
tccttcaagg atgtgataac tgagggtgat 5100ggtagaacga ggtactgatt
gcctagacca aatgttcctt gatgcttgtt ttgtacaata 5160tatataagat
aatgctgtcc tagttgcagg atttggcctg tggtgagcat catagtctgt
5220agtagttttg gtagcaagac attttatttt ccttttattt aacttactac
atgcagtagc 5280atctatctat ctctgtagtc tgatatctcc tgttgtctgt
attgtgccgt tggatttttt 5340gctgtagtga gactgaaaat gatgtgctag
taataatatt tctgttagaa atctaagtag 5400agaatctgtt gaagaagtca
aaagctaatg gaatcaggtt acatattcaa tgtttttctt 5460tttttagcgg
ttggtagacg tgtagattca acttctcttg gagctcacct aggcaatcag
5520taaaatgcat attccttttt taacttgcca tttatttact tttagtggaa
attgtgacca 5580atttgttcat gtagaacgga tttggaccat tgcgtccaca
aaacgtctct tttgctcgat 5640cttcacaaag cgataccgaa atccagagat
agttttcaaa agtcagaaat ggcaaagtta 5700taaatagtaa aacagaatag
atgctgtaat cgacttcaat aacaagtggc atcacgtttc 5760tagttctaga
cccatcagat cgaattaaca tatcataact tcgtataatg tatgctatac
5820gaagttatag gcctggatcc actagttcta gagcggccgc tcgagggggg
gcccggtacc 5880ggcgcgccgt tctatagtgt cacctaaatc gtatgtgtat
gatacataag gttatgtatt 5940aattgtagcc gcgttctaac gacaatatgt
ccatatggtg cactctcagt acaatctgct 6000ctgatgccgc atagttaagc
cagccccgac acccgccaac acccgctgac gcgccctgac 6060gggcttgtct
gctcccggca tccgcttaca gacaagctgt gaccgtctcc gggagctgca
6120tgtgtcagag gttttcaccg tcatcaccga aacgcgcgag acgaaagggc
ctcgtgatac 6180gcctattttt ataggttaat gtcatgacca aaatccctta
acgtgagttt tcgttccact 6240gagcgtcaga ccccgtagaa aagatcaaag
gatcttcttg agatcctttt tttctgcgcg 6300taatctgctg cttgcaaaca
aaaaaaccac cgctaccagc ggtggtttgt ttgccggatc 6360aagagctacc
aactcttttt ccgaaggtaa ctggcttcag cagagcgcag ataccaaata
6420ctgtccttct agtgtagccg tagttaggcc accacttcaa gaactctgta
gcaccgccta 6480catacctcgc tctgctaatc ctgttaccag tggctgctgc
cagtggcgat aagtcgtgtc 6540ttaccgggtt ggactcaaga cgatagttac
cggataaggc gcagcggtcg ggctgaacgg 6600ggggttcgtg cacacagccc
agcttggagc gaacgaccta caccgaactg agatacctac 6660agcgtgagca
ttgagaaagc gccacgcttc ccgaagggag aaaggcggac aggtatccgg
6720taagcggcag ggtcggaaca ggagagcgca cgagggagct tccaggggga
aacgcctggt 6780atctttatag tcctgtcggg tttcgccacc tctgacttga
gcgtcgattt ttgtgatgct 6840cgtcaggggg gcggagccta tggaaaaacg
ccagcaacgc ggccttttta cggttcctgg 6900ccttttgctg gccttttgct
cacatgttct ttcctgcgtt atcccctgat tctgtggata 6960accgtattac
cgcctttgag tgagctgata ccgctcgccg cagccgaacg accgagcgca
7020gcgagtcagt gagcgaggaa gcggaagagc gcccaatacg caaaccgcct
ctccccgcgc 7080gttggccgat tcattaatgc aggttgatca gatctcgatc
ccgcgaaatt aatacgactc 7140actataggga gaccacaacg gtttccctct
agaaataatt ttgtttaact ttaagaagga 7200gatataccca tggaaaagcc
tgaactcacc gcgacgtctg tcgagaagtt tctgatcgaa 7260aagttcgaca
gcgtctccga cctgatgcag ctctcggagg gcgaagaatc tcgtgctttc
7320agcttcgatg taggagggcg tggatatgtc ctgcgggtaa atagctgcgc
cgatggtttc 7380tacaaagatc gttatgttta tcggcacttt gcatcggccg
cgctcccgat tccggaagtg 7440cttgacattg gggaattcag cgagagcctg
acctattgca tctcccgccg tgcacagggt 7500gtcacgttgc aagacctgcc
tgaaaccgaa ctgcccgctg ttctgcagcc ggtcgcggag 7560gctatggatg
cgatcgctgc ggccgatctt agccagacga gcgggttcgg cccattcgga
7620ccgcaaggaa tcggtcaata cactacatgg cgtgatttca tatgcgcgat
tgctgatccc 7680catgtgtatc actggcaaac tgtgatggac gacaccgtca
gtgcgtccgt cgcgcaggct 7740ctcgatgagc tgatgctttg ggccgaggac
tgccccgaag tccggcacct cgtgcacgcg 7800gatttcggct ccaacaatgt
cctgacggac aatggccgca taacagcggt cattgactgg 7860agcgaggcga
tgttcgggga ttcccaatac gaggtcgcca acatcttctt ctggaggccg
7920tggttggctt gtatggagca gcagacgcgc tacttcgagc ggaggcatcc
ggagcttgca 7980ggatcgccgc ggctccgggc gtatatgctc cgcattggtc
ttgaccaact ctatcagagc 8040ttggttgacg gcaatttcga tgatgcagct
tgggcgcagg gtcgatgcga cgcaatcgtc 8100cgatccggag ccgggactgt
cgggcgtaca caaatcgccc gcagaagcgc ggccgtctgg 8160accgatggct
gtgtagaagt actcgccgat agtggaaacc gacgccccag cactcgtccg
8220agggcaaagg aatagtgagg tacagcttgg atcgatccgg ctgctaacaa
agcccgaaag 8280gaagctgagt tggctgctgc caccgctgag caataactag
cataacccct tggggcctct 8340aaacgggtct tgaggggttt tttgctgaaa
ggaggaacta tatccggatg atcgggcgcg 8400ccggtaccc
8409445286DNAArtificial Sequenceplasmid QC330 44atcaacaagt
ttgtacaaaa aagctgaacg agaaacgtaa aatgatataa atatcaatat 60attaaattag
attttgcata aaaaacagac tacataatac tgtaaaacac aacatatcca
120gtcatattgg cggccgcatt aggcacccca ggctttacac tttatgcttc
cggctcgtat 180aatgtgtgga ttttgagtta ggatccgtcg agattttcag
gagctaagga agctaaaatg 240gagaaaaaaa tcactggata taccaccgtt
gatatatccc aatggcatcg taaagaacat 300tttgaggcat ttcagtcagt
tgctcaatgt acctataacc agaccgttca gctggatatt 360acggcctttt
taaagaccgt aaagaaaaat aagcacaagt tttatccggc ctttattcac
420attcttgccc gcctgatgaa tgctcatccg gaattccgta tggcaatgaa
agacggtgag 480ctggtgatat gggatagtgt tcacccttgt tacaccgttt
tccatgagca aactgaaacg 540ttttcatcgc tctggagtga ataccacgac
gatttccggc agtttctaca catatattcg 600caagatgtgg cgtgttacgg
tgaaaacctg gcctatttcc ctaaagggtt tattgagaat 660atgtttttcg
tctcagccaa tccctgggtg agtttcacca gttttgattt aaacgtggcc
720aatatggaca acttcttcgc ccccgttttc accatgggca aatattatac
gcaaggcgac 780aaggtgctga tgccgctggc gattcaggtt catcatgccg
tttgtgatgg cttccatgtc 840ggcagaatgc ttaatgaatt acaacagtac
tgcgatgagt ggcagggcgg ggcgtaaaga 900tctggatccg gcttactaaa
agccagataa cagtatgcgt atttgcgcgc tgatttttgc 960ggtataagaa
tatatactga tatgtatacc cgaagtatgt caaaaagagg tatgctatga
1020agcagcgtat tacagtgaca gttgacagcg acagctatca gttgctcaag
gcatatatga 1080tgtcaatatc tccggtctgg taagcacaac catgcagaat
gaagcccgtc gtctgcgtgc 1140cgaacgctgg aaagcggaaa atcaggaagg
gatggctgag gtcgcccggt ttattgaaat 1200gaacggctct tttgctgacg
agaacagggg ctggtgaaat gcagtttaag gtttacacct 1260ataaaagaga
gagccgttat cgtctgtttg tggatgtaca gagtgatatt attgacacgc
1320ccgggcgacg gatggtgatc cccctggcca gtgcacgtct gctgtcagat
aaagtctccc 1380gtgaacttta cccggtggtg catatcgggg atgaaagctg
gcgcatgatg accaccgata 1440tggccagtgt gccggtctcc gttatcgggg
aagaagtggc tgatctcagc caccgcgaaa 1500atgacatcaa aaacgccatt
aacctgatgt tctggggaat ataaatgtca ggctccctta 1560tacacagcca
gtctgcaggt cgaccatagt gactggatat gttgtgtttt acagtattat
1620gtagtctgtt ttttatgcaa aatctaattt aatatattga tatttatatc
attttacgtt 1680tctcgttcag ctttcttgta caaagtggtt gatgggatcc
atggcccaca gcaagcacgg 1740cctgaaggag gagatgacca tgaagtacca
catggagggc tgcgtgaacg gccacaagtt 1800cgtgatcacc ggcgagggca
tcggctaccc cttcaagggc aagcagacca tcaacctgtg 1860cgtgatcgag
ggcggccccc tgcccttcag cgaggacatc ctgagcgccg gcttcaagta
1920cggcgaccgg atcttcaccg agtaccccca ggacatcgtg gactacttca
agaacagctg 1980ccccgccggc tacacctggg gccggagctt cctgttcgag
gacggcgccg tgtgcatctg 2040taacgtggac atcaccgtga gcgtgaagga
gaactgcatc taccacaaga gcatcttcaa 2100cggcgtgaac ttccccgccg
acggccccgt gatgaagaag atgaccacca actgggaggc 2160cagctgcgag
aagatcatgc ccgtgcctaa gcagggcatc ctgaagggcg acgtgagcat
2220gtacctgctg ctgaaggacg gcggccggta ccggtgccag ttcgacaccg
tgtacaaggc 2280caagagcgtg cccagcaaga tgcccgagtg gcacttcatc
cagcacaagc tgctgcggga 2340ggaccggagc gacgccaaga accagaagtg
gcagctgacc gagcacgcca tcgccttccc 2400cagcgccctg gcctgagagc
tcgaatttcc ccgatcgttc aaacatttgg caataaagtt 2460tcttaagatt
gaatcctgtt gccggtcttg cgatgattat catataattt ctgttgaatt
2520acgttaagca tgtaataatt aacatgtaat gcatgacgtt atttatgaga
tgggttttta 2580tgattagagt cccgcaatta tacatttaat acgcgataga
aaacaaaata tagcgcgcaa 2640actaggataa attatcgcgc gcggtgtcat
ctatgttact agatcgggaa ttctagtggc 2700cggcccagct gatatccatc
acactggcgg ccgctcgagt tctatagtgt cacctaaatc 2760gtatgtgtat
gatacataag gttatgtatt aattgtagcc gcgttctaac gacaatatgt
2820ccatatggtg cactctcagt acaatctgct ctgatgccgc atagttaagc
cagccccgac 2880acccgccaac acccgctgac gcgccctgac gggcttgtct
gctcccggca tccgcttaca 2940gacaagctgt gaccgtctcc gggagctgca
tgtgtcagag gttttcaccg tcatcaccga 3000aacgcgcgag acgaaagggc
ctcgtgatac gcctattttt ataggttaat gtcatgacca 3060aaatccctta
acgtgagttt tcgttccact gagcgtcaga ccccgtagaa aagatcaaag
3120gatcttcttg agatcctttt tttctgcgcg taatctgctg cttgcaaaca
aaaaaaccac 3180cgctaccagc ggtggtttgt ttgccggatc aagagctacc
aactcttttt ccgaaggtaa 3240ctggcttcag cagagcgcag ataccaaata
ctgtccttct agtgtagccg tagttaggcc 3300accacttcaa gaactctgta
gcaccgccta catacctcgc tctgctaatc ctgttaccag 3360tggctgctgc
cagtggcgat aagtcgtgtc ttaccgggtt ggactcaaga cgatagttac
3420cggataaggc gcagcggtcg ggctgaacgg ggggttcgtg cacacagccc
agcttggagc 3480gaacgaccta caccgaactg agatacctac agcgtgagca
ttgagaaagc gccacgcttc 3540ccgaagggag aaaggcggac aggtatccgg
taagcggcag ggtcggaaca ggagagcgca 3600cgagggagct tccaggggga
aacgcctggt atctttatag tcctgtcggg tttcgccacc 3660tctgacttga
gcgtcgattt ttgtgatgct cgtcaggggg gcggagccta tggaaaaacg
3720ccagcaacgc ggccttttta cggttcctgg ccttttgctg gccttttgct
cacatgttct 3780ttcctgcgtt atcccctgat tctgtggata accgtattac
cgcctttgag tgagctgata 3840ccgctcgccg cagccgaacg accgagcgca
gcgagtcagt gagcgaggaa gcggaagagc 3900gcccaatacg caaaccgcct
ctccccgcgc gttggccgat tcattaatgc aggttgatca 3960gatctcgatc
ccgcgaaatt aatacgactc actataggga gaccacaacg gtttccctct
4020agaaataatt ttgtttaact ttaagaagga gatataccca tggaaaagcc
tgaactcacc 4080gcgacgtctg tcgagaagtt tctgatcgaa aagttcgaca
gcgtctccga cctgatgcag 4140ctctcggagg gcgaagaatc tcgtgctttc
agcttcgatg taggagggcg tggatatgtc 4200ctgcgggtaa atagctgcgc
cgatggtttc tacaaagatc gttatgttta tcggcacttt 4260gcatcggccg
cgctcccgat tccggaagtg cttgacattg gggaattcag cgagagcctg
4320acctattgca tctcccgccg tgcacagggt gtcacgttgc aagacctgcc
tgaaaccgaa 4380ctgcccgctg ttctgcagcc ggtcgcggag gctatggatg
cgatcgctgc ggccgatctt 4440agccagacga gcgggttcgg cccattcgga
ccgcaaggaa tcggtcaata cactacatgg 4500cgtgatttca tatgcgcgat
tgctgatccc catgtgtatc actggcaaac tgtgatggac 4560gacaccgtca
gtgcgtccgt cgcgcaggct ctcgatgagc tgatgctttg ggccgaggac
4620tgccccgaag tccggcacct cgtgcacgcg gatttcggct ccaacaatgt
cctgacggac 4680aatggccgca taacagcggt cattgactgg agcgaggcga
tgttcgggga ttcccaatac 4740gaggtcgcca acatcttctt ctggaggccg
tggttggctt gtatggagca gcagacgcgc 4800tacttcgagc ggaggcatcc
ggagcttgca ggatcgccgc ggctccgggc gtatatgctc 4860cgcattggtc
ttgaccaact ctatcagagc ttggttgacg gcaatttcga tgatgcagct
4920tgggcgcagg gtcgatgcga cgcaatcgtc cgatccggag ccgggactgt
cgggcgtaca 4980caaatcgccc gcagaagcgc ggccgtctgg accgatggct
gtgtagaagt actcgccgat 5040agtggaaacc gacgccccag cactcgtccg
agggcaaagg aatagtgagg tacagcttgg 5100atcgatccgg ctgctaacaa
agcccgaaag gaagctgagt tggctgctgc caccgctgag 5160caataactag
cataacccct tggggcctct aaacgggtct tgaggggttt tttgctgaaa
5220ggaggaacta tatccggatg atcgtcgagg cctcacgtgt taacaagctt
gcatgcctgc 5280aggttt 528645564DNAGlycine max 45cgcgggggtt
ctagtgtgtg attgtttgtt gttgtaactc gttcttcttc ttttgttgtt 60ctgtgattgt
gtttgttttt tctctcacct gaaaatgtct tgctgcggtg gtaactgtgg
120ttgcggaagc tcctgcaagt gcggcaacgg ctgcggaggc tgcaagatgt
acccagactt 180gagctacact gagtcaacca ccaccgagac cttggtcatg
ggagtggcac cagttaaggc 240tcaattcgag agtgctgaaa tgggtgttcc
cgctgagaac gatggctgca aatgtggagc 300taactgcacc tgcaacccct
gcacttgcaa gtgaggtgtt ggagagctaa agcttcaagc 360agaaatggcc
cttagaaata atgataaaaa ctatatgtag tttcaaaact tcaaaattat
420gtagtatgta ttatgttgca ctctggtgtt ttgtgtctaa acaaacaccc
ttagaataaa 480gtggtcattt cttgcccttg agcaagttca agtgttttgg
acttgtgatg ggtgtgttga 540aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa
5644679PRTGlycine max 46Met Ser Cys Cys Gly Gly Asn Cys Gly Cys Gly
Ser Ser Cys Lys Cys1 5 10 15Gly Asn Gly Cys Gly Gly Cys Lys Met Tyr
Pro Asp Leu Ser Tyr Thr 20 25 30Glu Ser Thr Thr Thr Glu Thr Leu Val
Met Gly Val Ala Pro Val Lys 35 40 45Ala Gln Phe Glu Ser Ala Glu Met
Gly Val Pro Ala Glu Asn Asp Gly 50 55 60Cys Lys Cys Gly Ala Asn Cys
Thr Cys Asn Pro Cys Thr Cys Lys65 70
75
* * * * *