U.S. patent application number 12/815869 was filed with the patent office on 2011-12-15 for managing consistent interfaces for property library, property list template, quantity conversion virtual object, and supplier property specification business objects across heterogeneous systems.
Invention is credited to Katja Bader, Mohit V. Gadkari, Toralf Grossmann, Andreas Huppert, Thilo Kraehmer, Mukesh Kumar, Thomas Leichtweiss, Thomas Maag, Holger Martin Ohst, Tanjana Preiser-Funke, Michael Seubert, Smita Singh, Uwe Stromberg, Ashwin Reddy Yeddula.
Application Number | 20110307263 12/815869 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45096935 |
Filed Date | 2011-12-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110307263 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bader; Katja ; et
al. |
December 15, 2011 |
MANAGING CONSISTENT INTERFACES FOR PROPERTY LIBRARY, PROPERTY LIST
TEMPLATE, QUANTITY CONVERSION VIRTUAL OBJECT, AND SUPPLIER PROPERTY
SPECIFICATION BUSINESS OBJECTS ACROSS HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS
Abstract
A business object model, which reflects data that is used during
a given business transaction, is utilized to generate interfaces.
This business object model facilitates commercial transactions by
providing consistent interfaces that are suitable for use across
industries, across businesses, and across different departments
within a business during a business transaction. In some
operations, software creates, updates, or otherwise processes
information related to a property library, a property list
template, a quantity conversion virtual object, and/or a supplier
property specification business object.
Inventors: |
Bader; Katja; (Walldorf,
DE) ; Leichtweiss; Thomas; (Heilbronn, DE) ;
Maag; Thomas; (Reilingen, DE) ; Kraehmer; Thilo;
(Heidelberg, DE) ; Seubert; Michael; (Sinsheim,
DE) ; Kumar; Mukesh; (Bangalore, IN) ;
Gadkari; Mohit V.; (Bangalore, IN) ; Yeddula; Ashwin
Reddy; (Walldorf, DE) ; Huppert; Andreas;
(Neulussheim, DE) ; Preiser-Funke; Tanjana;
(Wiesloch, DE) ; Singh; Smita; (Bangalore, IN)
; Grossmann; Toralf; (Nussloch, DE) ; Stromberg;
Uwe; (Heidelberg, DE) ; Ohst; Holger Martin;
(Heidelberg, DE) |
Family ID: |
45096935 |
Appl. No.: |
12/815869 |
Filed: |
June 15, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
705/1.1 ;
715/771 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06Q 30/06 20130101;
G06Q 10/06 20130101; G06F 8/38 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
705/1.1 ;
715/771 |
International
Class: |
G06Q 10/00 20060101
G06Q010/00; G06F 3/048 20060101 G06F003/048 |
Claims
1. A tangible computer readable medium including program code for
providing a message-based interface for exchanging information
about libraries of properties that represent object qualities,
which are configured for reuse in further describing instances or
groups of business objects in specific application areas, the
medium comprising: program code for receiving via a message-based
interface derived from a common business object model, where the
common business object model includes business objects having
relationships that enable derivation of message-based interfaces
and message packages, the message-based interface exposing at least
one service as defined in a service registry and from a
heterogeneous application executing in an environment of computer
systems providing message-based services, a first message for
requesting information about libraries of properties that represent
object qualities, which are configured for reuse in further
describing instances or groups of business objects in specific
application areas, that includes a first message package derived
from the common business object model and hierarchically organized
in memory as: a property library query message entity; and a
property library package comprising a property library entity,
where the property library entity includes a universally unique
identifier and an identifier; program code for processing the first
message according to the hierarchical organization of the first
message package, where processing the first message includes
unpacking the first message package based on the common business
object model; and program code for sending a second message to the
heterogeneous application responsive to the first message, where
the second message includes a second message package derived from
the common business object model to provide consistent semantics
with the first message package.
2. The computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the property
library package further comprises at least one of the following: a
name package, a property data type package, a property package, and
a property group package.
3. A distributed system operating in a landscape of computer
systems providing message-based services defined in a service
registry, the system comprising: a graphical user interface
comprising computer readable instructions, embedded on tangible
media, for requesting information about libraries of properties
that represent object qualities, which are configured for reuse in
further describing instances or groups of business objects in
specific application areas, using a request; a first memory storing
a user interface controller for processing the request and
involving a message including a message package derived from a
common business object model, where the common business object
model includes business objects having relationships that enable
derivation of message-based service interfaces and message
packages, the message package hierarchically organized as: a
property library query message entity; and a property library
package comprising a property library entity, where the property
library entity includes a universally unique identifier and an
identifier; and a second memory, remote from the graphical user
interface, storing a plurality of message-based service interfaces
derived from the common business object model to provide consistent
semantics with messages derived from the common business object
model, where one of the message-based service interfaces processes
the message according to the hierarchical organization of the
message package, where processing the message includes unpacking
the first message package based on the common business object
model.
4. The distributed system of claim 3, wherein the first memory is
remote from the graphical user interface.
5. The distributed system of claim 3, wherein the first memory is
remote from the second memory.
6. A tangible computer readable medium including program code for
providing a message-based interface for exchanging property
template-related information, including, a maximal possible set of
nodes, relationships, attributes and operations for a property list
and similar objects derived from a template, the medium comprising:
program code for receiving via a message-based interface derived
from a common business object model, where the common business
object model includes business objects having relationships that
enable derivation of message-based interfaces and message packages,
the message-based interface exposing at least one service as
defined in a service registry and from a heterogeneous application
executing in an environment of computer systems providing
message-based services, a first message for querying property
template-related information, including, a maximal possible set of
nodes, relationships, attributes and operations for a property list
and similar objects derived from the template, that includes a
first message package derived from the common business object model
and hierarchically organized in memory as: a property list template
query message entity; and a property list template package
comprising a property list template entity, a product property list
entity, a request for information (RFI) property list, a supplier
assessment property list entity, a supplier property list entity,
and a document property list entity, where the property list
template entity includes a universally unique identifier, a host
object node reference, a consistent indicator, a property exists
indicator, and system administrative data; program code for
processing the first message according to the hierarchical
organization of the first message package, where processing the
first message includes unpacking the first message package based on
the common business object model; and program code for sending a
second message to the heterogeneous application responsive to the
first message, where the second message includes a second message
package derived from the common business object model to provide
consistent semantics with the first message package.
7. The computer readable medium of claim 6, wherein the property
list template package further comprises at least one of the
following: a property group entity, a property entity, and a
property dependency entity.
8. A distributed system operating in a landscape of computer
systems providing message-based services defined in a service
registry, the system comprising: a graphical user interface
comprising computer readable instructions, embedded on tangible
media, for querying property template-related information,
including, a maximal possible set of nodes, relationships,
attributes and operations for a property list and similar objects
derived from the template, using a request; a first memory storing
a user interface controller for processing the request and
involving a message including a message package derived from a
common business object model, where the common business object
model includes business objects having relationships that enable
derivation of message-based service interfaces and message
packages, the message package hierarchically organized as: a
property list template query message entity; and a property list
template package comprising a property list template entity, a
product property list entity, a request for information (RFI)
property list, a supplier assessment property list entity, a
supplier property list entity, and a document property list entity,
where the property list template entity includes a universally
unique identifier, a host object node reference, a consistent
indicator, a property exists indicator, and system administrative
data; and a second memory, remote from the graphical user
interface, storing a plurality of message-based service interfaces
derived from the common business object model to provide consistent
semantics with messages derived from the common business object
model, where one of the message-based service interfaces processes
the message according to the hierarchical organization of the
message package, where processing the message includes unpacking
the first message package based on the common business object
model.
9. The distributed system of claim 8, wherein the first memory is
remote from the graphical user interface.
10. The distributed system of claim 8, wherein the first memory is
remote from the second memory.
11. A tangible computer readable medium including program code for
providing a message-based interface for exchanging information for
converted quantities for a specific product, material, or service
based on information that is maintained in a product master, the
medium comprising: program code for receiving via a message-based
interface derived from a common business object model, where the
common business object model includes business objects having
relationships that enable derivation of message-based interfaces
and message packages, the message-based interface exposing at least
one service as defined in a service registry and from a
heterogeneous application executing in an environment of computer
systems providing message-based services, a first message for
retrieving information for converted quantities for the specific
product, material, or service based on information that is
maintained in the product master that includes a first message
package derived from the common business object model and
hierarchically organized in memory as: a convert product based
quantities query request message entity; and a convert product
based quantities query package comprising a convert product based
quantities query entity and at least one parameters entity, where
each parameters entity includes a product type code product
universally unique identifier, at least one quantity conversion
parameter, and at least one quantity grid space required indicator;
program code for processing the first message according to the
hierarchical organization of the first message package, where
processing the first message includes unpacking the first message
package based on the common business object model; and program code
for sending a second message to the heterogeneous application
responsive to the first message, where the second message includes
a second message package derived from the common business object
model to provide consistent semantics with the first message
package.
12. The computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the
parameters entity further comprises at least one of the following:
a sender technical identifier.
13. A distributed system operating in a landscape of computer
systems providing message-based services defined in a service
registry, the system comprising: a graphical user interface
comprising computer readable instructions, embedded on tangible
media, for retrieving information for converted quantities for a
specific product, material, or service based on information that is
maintained in a product master using a request; a first memory
storing a user interface controller for processing the request and
involving a message including a message package derived from a
common business object model, where the common business object
model includes business objects having relationships that enable
derivation of message-based service interfaces and message
packages, the message package hierarchically organized as: a
convert product based quantities query request message entity; and
a convert product based quantities query package comprising a
convert product based quantities query entity and at least one
parameters entity, where each parameters entity includes a product
type code product universally unique identifier, at least one
quantity conversion parameter, and at least one quantity grid space
required indicator; a second memory, remote from the graphical user
interface, storing a plurality of message-based service interfaces
derived from the common business object model to provide consistent
semantics with messages derived from the common business object
model, where one of the message-based service interfaces processes
the message according to the hierarchical organization of the
message package, where processing the message includes unpacking
the first message package based on the common business object
model.
14. The distributed system of claim 13, wherein the first memory is
remote from the graphical user interface.
15. The distributed system of claim 13, wherein the first memory is
remote from the second memory.
16. A tangible computer readable medium including program code for
providing a message-based interface for exchanging information for
a specification of a property list for a group of suppliers, the
medium comprising: program code for receiving via a message-based
interface derived from a common business object model, where the
common business object model includes business objects having
relationships that enable derivation of message-based interfaces
and message packages, the message-based interface exposing at least
one service as defined in a service registry and from a
heterogeneous application executing in an environment of computer
systems providing message-based services, a first message for
retrieving information for the specification of the property list
for the group of suppliers that includes a first message package
derived from the common business object model and hierarchically
organized in memory as: a supplier property specification request
message entity; and a supplier property specification package
comprising a supplier property specification entity and a supplier
property list entity, where the supplier property specification
package includes a universally unique identifier, an identifier,
and system administrative data; program code for processing the
first message according to the hierarchical organization of the
first message package, where processing the first message includes
unpacking the first message package based on the common business
object model; and program code for sending a second message to the
heterogeneous application responsive to the first message, where
the second message includes a second message package derived from
the common business object model to provide consistent semantics
with the first message package.
17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the supplier
property specification package further comprises at least one of
the following: a description entity.
18. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the supplier
property specification entity further comprises at least one of the
following: a supplier group code.
19. A distributed system operating in a landscape of computer
systems providing message-based services defined in a service
registry, the system comprising: a graphical user interface
comprising computer readable instructions, embedded on tangible
media, for retrieving information for a specification of a property
list for a group of suppliers using a request; a first memory
storing a user interface controller for processing the request and
involving a message including a message package derived from a
common business object model, where the common business object
model includes business objects having relationships that enable
derivation of message-based service interfaces and message
packages, the message package hierarchically organized as: a
supplier property specification request message entity; and a
supplier property specification package comprising a supplier
property specification entity and a supplier property list entity,
where the supplier property specification package includes a
universally unique identifier, an identifier, and system
administrative data; and a second memory, remote from the graphical
user interface, storing a plurality of message-based service
interfaces derived from the common business object model to provide
consistent semantics with messages derived from the common business
object model, where one of the message-based service interfaces
processes the message according to the hierarchical organization of
the message package, where processing the message includes
unpacking the first message package based on the common business
object model.
20. The distributed system of claim 19, wherein the first memory is
remote from the graphical user interface.
21. The distributed system of claim 19, wherein the first memory is
remote from the second memory.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The subject matter described herein relates generally to the
generation and use of consistent interfaces (or services) derived
from a business object model. More particularly, the present
disclosure relates to the generation and use of consistent
interfaces or services that are suitable for use across industries,
across businesses, and across different departments within a
business.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Transactions are common among businesses and between
business departments within a particular business. During any given
transaction, these business entities exchange information. For
example, during a sales transaction, numerous business entities may
be involved, such as a sales entity that sells merchandise to a
customer, a financial institution that handles the financial
transaction, and a warehouse that sends the merchandise to the
customer. The end-to-end business transaction may require a
significant amount of information to be exchanged between the
various business entities involved. For example, the customer may
send a request for the merchandise as well as some form of payment
authorization for the merchandise to the sales entity, and the
sales entity may send the financial institution a request for a
transfer of funds from the customer's account to the sales entity's
account.
[0003] Exchanging information between different business entities
is not a simple task. This is particularly true because the
information used by different business entities is usually tightly
tied to the business entity itself. Each business entity may have
its own program for handling its part of the transaction. These
programs differ from each other because they typically are created
for different purposes and because each business entity may use
semantics that differ from the other business entities. For
example, one program may relate to accounting, another program may
relate to manufacturing, and a third program may relate to
inventory control. Similarly, one program may identify merchandise
using the name of the product while another program may identify
the same merchandise using its model number. Further, one business
entity may use U.S. dollars to represent its currency while another
business entity may use Japanese Yen. A simple difference in
formatting, e.g., the use of upper-case lettering rather than
lower-case or title-case, makes the exchange of information between
businesses a difficult task. Unless the individual businesses agree
upon particular semantics, human interaction typically is required
to facilitate transactions between these businesses. Because these
"heterogeneous" programs are used by different companies or by
different business areas within a given company, a need exists for
a consistent way to exchange information and perform a business
transaction between the different business entities.
[0004] Currently, many standards exist that offer a variety of
interfaces used to exchange business information. Most of these
interfaces, however, apply to only one specific industry and are
not consistent between the different standards. Moreover, a number
of these interfaces are not consistent within an individual
standard.
SUMMARY
[0005] In one aspect, a tangible computer readable medium includes
program code for providing a message-based interface for exchanging
information about libraries of properties that represent object
qualities, which are configured for reuse in further describing
instances or groups of business objects in specific application
areas, the medium includes program code for receiving via a
message-based interface derived from a common business object
model. The common business object model includes business objects
having relationships that enable derivation of message-based
interfaces and message packages, the message-based interface
exposing at least one service as defined in a service registry and
from a heterogeneous application executing in an environment of
computer systems providing message-based services, a first message
for requesting information about libraries of properties that
represent object qualities, which are configured for reuse in
further describing instances or groups of business objects in
specific application areas, that includes a first message package
derived from the common business object model and hierarchically
organized in memory as: a property library query message entity and
a property library package the includes a property library entity.
The property library entity includes a universally unique
identifier and an identifier. The medium further includes program
code for processing the first message according to the hierarchical
organization of the first message package. Processing the first
message includes unpacking the first message package based on the
common business object model. The medium further includes program
code for sending a second message to the heterogeneous application
responsive to the first message. The second message includes a
second message package derived from the common business object
model to provide consistent semantics with the first message
package.
[0006] Implementations can include any, all, or none of the
following features. The property library package further includes
at least one of the following: a name package, a property data type
package, a property package, and a property group package.
[0007] In another aspect, a distributed system operating in a
landscape of computer systems providing message-based services
defined in a service registry, the system includes a graphical user
interface includes computer readable instructions, embedded on
tangible media, for requesting information about libraries of
properties that represent object qualities, which are configured
for reuse in further describing instances or groups of business
objects in specific application areas, using a request. The system
further includes a first memory storing a user interface controller
for processing the request and involving a message includes a
message package derived from a common business object model. The
common business object model includes business objects having
relationships that enable derivation of message-based service
interfaces and message packages, the message package hierarchically
organized as: a property library query message entity. The system
further includes a property library package includes a property
library entity. The property library entity includes a universally
unique identifier and an identifier. The system further includes a
second memory, remote from the graphical user interface, storing a
plurality of message-based service interfaces derived from the
common business object model to provide consistent semantics with
messages derived from the common business object model. One of the
message-based service interfaces processes the message according to
the hierarchical organization of the message package. Processing
the message includes unpacking the first message package based on
the common business object model.
[0008] Implementations can include any, all, or none of the
following features. The first memory is remote from the graphical
user interface. The first memory is remote from the second
memory.
[0009] In another aspect, a tangible computer readable medium
includes program code for providing a message-based interface for
exchanging property template-related information includes, a
maximal possible set of nodes, relationships, attributes and
operations for a property list and similar objects derived from a
template, the medium includes program code for receiving via a
message-based interface derived from a common business object
model. The common business object model includes business objects
having relationships that enable derivation of message-based
interfaces and message packages, the message-based interface
exposing at least one service as defined in a service registry and
from a heterogeneous application executing in an environment of
computer systems providing message-based services, a first message
for querying property template-related information includes, a
maximal possible set of nodes, relationships, attributes and
operations for a property list and similar objects derived from the
template, that includes a first message package derived from the
common business object model and hierarchically organized in memory
as: a property list template query message entity. The system
further includes a property list template package includes a
property list template entity, a product property list entity, a
request for information (RFI) property list, a supplier assessment
property list entity, a supplier property list entity, and a
document property list entity. The property list template entity
includes a universally unique identifier, a host object node
reference, a consistent indicator, a property exists indicator, and
system administrative data. The system further includes program
code for processing the first message according to the hierarchical
organization of the first message package. Processing the first
message includes unpacking the first message package based on the
common business object model. The system further includes program
code for sending a second message to the heterogeneous application
responsive to the first message. The second message includes a
second message package derived from the common business object
model to provide consistent semantics with the first message
package.
[0010] Implementations can include any, all, or none of the
following features. The property list template package further
includes at least one of the following: a property group entity, a
property entity, and a property dependency entity.
[0011] In another aspect, a distributed system operating in a
landscape of computer systems providing message-based services
defined in a service registry, the system includes a graphical user
interface includes computer readable instructions, embedded on
tangible media, for querying property template-related information
includes, a maximal possible set of nodes, relationships,
attributes and operations for a property list and similar objects
derived from the template, using a request. The system further
includes a first memory storing a user interface controller for
processing the request and involving a message includes a message
package derived from a common business object model. The common
business object model includes business objects having
relationships that enable derivation of message-based service
interfaces and message packages, the message package hierarchically
organized as: a property list template query message entity. The
system further includes a property list template package includes a
property list template entity, a product property list entity, a
request for information (RFI) property list, a supplier assessment
property list entity, a supplier property list entity, and a
document property list entity. The property list template entity
includes a universally unique identifier, a host object node
reference, a consistent indicator, a property exists indicator, and
system administrative data. The system further includes a second
memory, remote from the graphical user interface, storing a
plurality of message-based service interfaces derived from the
common business object model to provide consistent semantics with
messages derived from the common business object model. One of the
message-based service interfaces processes the message according to
the hierarchical organization of the message package. Processing
the message includes unpacking the first message package based on
the common business object model.
[0012] Implementations can include any, all, or none of the
following features. The first memory is remote from the graphical
user interface. The first memory is remote from the second
memory.
[0013] In another aspect, a tangible computer readable medium
includes program code for providing a message-based interface for
exchanging information for converted quantities for a specific
product, material, or service based on information that is
maintained in a product master, the medium includes program code
for receiving via a message-based interface derived from a common
business object model. The common business object model includes
business objects having relationships that enable derivation of
message-based interfaces and message packages, the message-based
interface exposing at least one service as defined in a service
registry and from a heterogeneous application executing in an
environment of computer systems providing message-based services, a
first message for retrieving information for converted quantities
for the specific product, material, or service based on information
that is maintained in the product master that includes a first
message package derived from the common business object model and
hierarchically organized in memory as: a convert product based
quantities query request message entity and a convert product based
quantities query package that includes a convert product based
quantities query entity and at least one parameters entity. Each
parameters entity includes a product type code product universally
unique identifier, quantity conversion parameters, and a quantity
grid space required indicator. The medium further includes program
code for processing the first message according to the hierarchical
organization of the first message package. Processing the first
message includes unpacking the first message package based on the
common business object model. The medium further includes program
code for sending a second message to the heterogeneous application
responsive to the first message. The second message includes a
second message package derived from the common business object
model to provide consistent semantics with the first message
package.
[0014] Implementations can include any, all, or none of the
following features. The parameters entity further includes at least
one of the following: a sender technical identifier.
[0015] In another aspect, a distributed system operating in a
landscape of computer systems providing message-based services
defined in a service registry, the system includes a graphical user
interface includes computer readable instructions, embedded on
tangible media, for retrieving information for converted quantities
for a specific product, material, or service based on information
that is maintained in a product master using a request. The system
further includes a first memory storing a user interface controller
for processing the request and involving a message includes a
message package derived from a common business object model. The
common business object model includes business objects having
relationships that enable derivation of message-based service
interfaces and message packages, the message package hierarchically
organized as: a convert product based quantities query request
message entity. The system further includes a convert product based
quantities query package includes a convert product based
quantities query entity and at least one parameters entity. Each
parameters entity includes a product type code product universally
unique identifier, quantity conversion parameters, and a quantity
grid space required indicator. The system further includes a second
memory, remote from the graphical user interface, storing a
plurality of message-based service interfaces derived from the
common business object model to provide consistent semantics with
messages derived from the common business object model. One of the
message-based service interfaces processes the message according to
the hierarchical organization of the message package. Processing
the message includes unpacking the first message package based on
the common business object model.
[0016] Implementations can include any, all, or none of the
following features. The first memory is remote from the graphical
user interface. The first memory is remote from the second
memory.
[0017] In another aspect, a tangible computer readable medium
includes program code for providing a message-based interface for
exchanging information for a specification of a property list for a
group of suppliers, the medium includes program code for receiving
via a message-based interface derived from a common business object
model. The common business object model includes business objects
having relationships that enable derivation of message-based
interfaces and message packages, the message-based interface
exposing at least one service as defined in a service registry and
from a heterogeneous application executing in an environment of
computer systems providing message-based services, a first message
for retrieving information for the specification of the property
list for the group of suppliers that includes a first message
package derived from the common business object model and
hierarchically organized in memory as: a supplier property
specification request message entity. The system further includes a
supplier property specification package includes a supplier
property specification entity and a supplier property list entity.
The supplier property specification package includes a universally
unique identifier, an identifier, and system administrative data.
The system further includes program code for processing the first
message according to the hierarchical organization of the first
message package. Processing the first message includes unpacking
the first message package based on the common business object
model. The system further includes program code for sending a
second message to the heterogeneous application responsive to the
first message. The second message includes a second message package
derived from the common business object model to provide consistent
semantics with the first message package.
[0018] Implementations can include any, all, or none of the
following features. The supplier property specification package
further includes at least one of the following: a description
entity. The supplier property specification entity further includes
at least one of the following: a supplier group code.
[0019] In another aspect, a distributed system operating in a
landscape of computer systems providing message-based services
defined in a service registry, the system includes a graphical user
interface includes computer readable instructions, embedded on
tangible media, for retrieving information for a specification of a
property list for a group of suppliers using a request. The system
further includes a first memory storing a user interface controller
for processing the request and involving a message includes a
message package derived from a common business object model. The
common business object model includes business objects having
relationships that enable derivation of message-based service
interfaces and message packages, the message package hierarchically
organized as: a supplier property specification request message
entity. The system further includes a supplier property
specification package includes a supplier property specification
entity and a supplier property list entity. The supplier property
specification package includes a universally unique identifier, an
identifier, and system administrative data. The system further
includes a second memory, remote from the graphical user interface,
storing a plurality of message-based service interfaces derived
from the common business object model to provide consistent
semantics with messages derived from the common business object
model. One of the message-based service interfaces processes the
message according to the hierarchical organization of the message
package. Processing the message includes unpacking the first
message package based on the common business object model.
[0020] Implementations can include any, all, or none of the
following features. The first memory is remote from the graphical
user interface. The first memory is remote from the second
memory.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 depicts a flow diagram of the overall steps performed
by methods and systems consistent with the subject matter described
herein.
[0022] FIG. 2 depicts a business document flow for an invoice
request in accordance with methods and systems consistent with the
subject matter described herein.
[0023] FIGS. 3A-B illustrate example environments implementing the
transmission, receipt, and processing of data between heterogeneous
applications in accordance with certain embodiments included in the
present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 4 illustrates an example application implementing
certain techniques and components in accordance with one embodiment
of the system of FIG. 1.
[0025] FIG. 5A depicts an example development environment in
accordance with one embodiment of FIG. 1.
[0026] FIG. 5B depicts a simplified process for mapping a model
representation to a runtime representation using the example
development environment of FIG. 5A or some other development
environment.
[0027] FIG. 6 depicts message categories in accordance with methods
and systems consistent with the subject matter described
herein.
[0028] FIG. 7 depicts an example of a package in accordance with
methods and systems consistent with the subject matter described
herein.
[0029] FIG. 8 depicts another example of a package in accordance
with methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein.
[0030] FIG. 9 depicts a third example of a package in accordance
with methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein.
[0031] FIG. 10 depicts a fourth example of a package in accordance
with methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein.
[0032] FIG. 11 depicts the representation of a package in the XML
schema in accordance with methods and systems consistent with the
subject matter described herein.
[0033] FIG. 12 depicts a graphical representation of cardinalities
between two entities in accordance with methods and systems
consistent with the subject matter described herein.
[0034] FIG. 13 depicts an example of a composition in accordance
with methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein.
[0035] FIG. 14 depicts an example of a hierarchical relationship in
accordance with methods and systems consistent with the subject
matter described herein.
[0036] FIG. 15 depicts an example of an aggregating relationship in
accordance with methods and systems consistent with the subject
matter described herein.
[0037] FIG. 16 depicts an example of an association in accordance
with methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein.
[0038] FIG. 17 depicts an example of a specialization in accordance
with methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein.
[0039] FIG. 18 depicts the categories of specializations in
accordance with methods and systems consistent with the subject
matter described herein.
[0040] FIG. 19 depicts an example of a hierarchy in accordance with
methods and systems consistent with the subject matter described
herein.
[0041] FIG. 20 depicts a graphical representation of a hierarchy in
accordance with methods and systems consistent with the subject
matter described herein.
[0042] FIGS. 21A-B depict a flow diagram of the steps performed to
create a business object model in accordance with methods and
systems consistent with the subject matter described herein.
[0043] FIGS. 22A-F depict a flow diagram of the steps performed to
generate an interface from the business object model in accordance
with methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein.
[0044] FIG. 23 depicts an example illustrating the transmittal of a
business document in accordance with methods and systems consistent
with the subject matter described herein.
[0045] FIG. 24 depicts an interface proxy in accordance with
methods and systems consistent with the subject matter described
herein.
[0046] FIG. 25 depicts an example illustrating the transmittal of a
message using proxies in accordance with methods and systems
consistent with the subject matter described herein.
[0047] FIG. 26A depicts components of a message in accordance with
methods and systems consistent with the subject matter described
herein.
[0048] FIG. 26B depicts IDs used in a message in accordance with
methods and systems consistent with the subject matter described
herein.
[0049] FIGS. 27A-E depict a hierarchization process in accordance
with methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein.
[0050] FIG. 28 illustrates an example method for service enabling
in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 29 is a graphical illustration of an example business
object and associated components as may be used in the enterprise
service infrastructure system of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 30 illustrates an example method for managing a process
agent framework in accordance with one embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 31 illustrates an example method for status and action
management in accordance with one embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0054] FIGS. 32-1 through 32-6 depict an example object model for a
business object Property Library.
[0055] FIGS. 33-1 through 33-6 depict an example object model for a
business object Property List Template.
[0056] FIG. 34 depicts an example object model for a business
object Quantity Conversion Virtual Object.
[0057] FIG. 35 depicts an example Convert Product Based Quantities
Query_sync Message Data Type.
[0058] FIG. 36 depicts an example Convert Product Based Quantities
Response_sync Message Data Type.
[0059] FIG. 37 depicts an example Convert Quantities Query_sync
Message Data Type.
[0060] FIG. 38 depicts an example Convert Quantities Response_sync
Message Data Type.
[0061] FIGS. 39-1 through 39-5 show an example configuration of an
Element Structure that includes a
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery_sync package.
[0062] FIGS. 40-1 through 40-4 show an example configuration of an
Element Structure that includes a
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse_sync package.
[0063] FIGS. 41-1 through 41-5 show an example configuration of an
Element Structure that includes a ConvertQuantitiesQuery_sync
package.
[0064] FIGS. 42-1 through 42-4 show an example configuration of an
Element Structure that includes a ConvertQuantitiesResponse_sync
package.
[0065] FIG. 43 depicts an example object model for a business
object Supplier Property Specification.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0066] A. Overview
[0067] Methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein facilitate e-commerce by providing consistent
interfaces that are suitable for use across industries, across
businesses, and across different departments within a business
during a business transaction. To generate consistent interfaces,
methods and systems consistent with the subject matter described
herein utilize a business object model, which reflects the data
that will be used during a given business transaction. An example
of a business transaction is the exchange of purchase orders and
order confirmations between a buyer and a seller. The business
object model is generated in a hierarchical manner to ensure that
the same type of data is represented the same way throughout the
business object model. This ensures the consistency of the
information in the business object model. Consistency is also
reflected in the semantic meaning of the various structural
elements. That is, each structural element has a consistent
business meaning. For example, the location entity, regardless of
in which package it is located, refers to a location.
[0068] From this business object model, various interfaces are
derived to accomplish the functionality of the business
transaction. Interfaces provide an entry point for components to
access the functionality of an application. For example, the
interface for a Purchase Order Request provides an entry point for
components to access the functionality of a Purchase Order, in
particular, to transmit and/or receive a Purchase Order Request.
One skilled in the art will recognize that each of these interfaces
may be provided, sold, distributed, utilized, or marketed as a
separate product or as a major component of a separate product.
Alternatively, a group of related interfaces may be provided, sold,
distributed, utilized, or marketed as a product or as a major
component of a separate product. Because the interfaces are
generated from the business object model, the information in the
interfaces is consistent, and the interfaces are consistent among
the business entities. Such consistency facilitates heterogeneous
business entities in cooperating to accomplish the business
transaction.
[0069] Generally, the business object is a representation of a type
of a uniquely identifiable business entity (an object instance)
described by a structural model. In the architecture, processes may
typically operate on business objects. Business objects represent a
specific view on some well-defined business content. In other
words, business objects represent content, which a typical business
user would expect and understand with little explanation. Business
objects are further categorized as business process objects and
master data objects. A master data object is an object that
encapsulates master data (i.e., data that is valid for a period of
time). A business process object, which is the kind of business
object generally found in a process component, is an object that
encapsulates transactional data (i.e., data that is valid for a
point in time). The term business object will be used generically
to refer to a business process object and a master data object,
unless the context requires otherwise. Properly implemented,
business objects are implemented free of redundancies.
[0070] The architectural elements also include the process
component. The process component is a software package that
realizes a business process and generally exposes its functionality
as services. The functionality contains business transactions. In
general, the process component contains one or more semantically
related business objects. Often, a particular business object
belongs to no more than one process component. Interactions between
process component pairs involving their respective business
objects, process agents, operations, interfaces, and messages are
described as process component interactions, which generally
determine the interactions of a pair of process components across a
deployment unit boundary. Interactions between process components
within a deployment unit are typically not constrained by the
architectural design and can be implemented in any convenient
fashion. Process components may be modular and context-independent.
In other words, process components may not be specific to any
particular application and as such, may be reusable. In some
implementations, the process component is the smallest (most
granular) element of reuse in the architecture. An external process
component is generally used to represent the external system in
describing interactions with the external system; however, this
should be understood to require no more of the external system than
that able to produce and receive messages as required by the
process component that interacts with the external system. For
example, process components may include multiple operations that
may provide interaction with the external system. Each operation
generally belongs to one type of process component in the
architecture. Operations can be synchronous or asynchronous,
corresponding to synchronous or asynchronous process agents, which
will be described below. The operation is often the smallest,
separately-callable function, described by a set of data types used
as input, output, and fault parameters serving as a signature.
[0071] The architectural elements may also include the service
interface, referred to simply as the interface. The interface is a
named group of operations. The interface often belongs to one
process component and process component might contain multiple
interfaces. In one implementation, the service interface contains
only inbound or outbound operations, but not a mixture of both. One
interface can contain both synchronous and asynchronous operations.
Normally, operations of the same type (either inbound or outbound)
which belong to the same message choreography will belong to the
same interface. Thus, generally, all outbound operations to the
same other process component are in one interface.
[0072] The architectural elements also include the message.
Operations transmit and receive messages. Any convenient messaging
infrastructure can be used. A message is information conveyed from
one process component instance to another, with the expectation
that activity will ensue. Operation can use multiple message types
for inbound, outbound, or error messages. When two process
components are in different deployment units, invocation of an
operation of one process component by the other process component
is accomplished by the operation on the other process component
sending a message to the first process component.
[0073] The architectural elements may also include the process
agent. Process agents do business processing that involves the
sending or receiving of messages. Each operation normally has at
least one associated process agent. Each process agent can be
associated with one or more operations. Process agents can be
either inbound or outbound and either synchronous or asynchronous.
Asynchronous outbound process agents are called after a business
object changes such as after a "create", "update", or "delete" of a
business object instance. Synchronous outbound process agents are
generally triggered directly by business object. An outbound
process agent will generally perform some processing of the data of
the business object instance whose change triggered the event. The
outbound agent triggers subsequent business process steps by
sending messages using well-defined outbound services to another
process component, which generally will be in another deployment
unit, or to an external system. The outbound process agent is
linked to the one business object that triggers the agent, but it
is sent not to another business object but rather to another
process component. Thus, the outbound process agent can be
implemented without knowledge of the exact business object design
of the recipient process component. Alternatively, the process
agent may be inbound. For example, inbound process agents may be
used for the inbound part of a message-based communication. Inbound
process agents are called after a message has been received. The
inbound process agent starts the execution of the business process
step requested in a message by creating or updating one or multiple
business object instances. Inbound process agent is not generally
the agent of business object but of its process component. Inbound
process agent can act on multiple business objects in a process
component. Regardless of whether the process agent is inbound or
outbound, an agent may be synchronous if used when a process
component requires a more or less immediate response from another
process component, and is waiting for that response to continue its
work.
[0074] The architectural elements also include the deployment unit.
Each deployment unit may include one or more process components
that are generally deployed together on a single computer system
platform. Conversely, separate deployment units can be deployed on
separate physical computing systems. The process components of one
deployment unit can interact with those of another deployment unit
using messages passed through one or more data communication
networks or other suitable communication channels. Thus, a
deployment unit deployed on a platform belonging to one business
can interact with a deployment unit software entity deployed on a
separate platform belonging to a different and unrelated business,
allowing for business-to-business communication. More than one
instance of a given deployment unit can execute at the same time,
on the same computing system or on separate physical computing
systems. This arrangement allows the functionality offered by the
deployment unit to be scaled to meet demand by creating as many
instances as needed.
[0075] Since interaction between deployment units is through
process component operations, one deployment unit can be replaced
by other another deployment unit as long as the new deployment unit
supports the operations depended upon by other deployment units as
appropriate. Thus, while deployment units can depend on the
external interfaces of process components in other deployment
units, deployment units are not dependent on process component
interaction within other deployment units. Similarly, process
components that interact with other process components or external
systems only through messages, e.g., as sent and received by
operations, can also be replaced as long as the replacement
generally supports the operations of the original.
[0076] Services (or interfaces) may be provided in a flexible
architecture to support varying criteria between services and
systems. The flexible architecture may generally be provided by a
service delivery business object. The system may be able to
schedule a service asynchronously as necessary, or on a regular
basis. Services may be planned according to a schedule manually or
automatically. For example, a follow-up service may be scheduled
automatically upon completing an initial service. In addition,
flexible execution periods may be possible (e.g. hourly, daily,
every three months, etc.). Each customer may plan the services on
demand or reschedule service execution upon request.
[0077] FIG. 1 depicts a flow diagram 100 showing an example
technique, perhaps implemented by systems similar to those
disclosed herein. Initially, to generate the business object model,
design engineers study the details of a business process, and model
the business process using a "business scenario" (step 102). The
business scenario identifies the steps performed by the different
business entities during a business process. Thus, the business
scenario is a complete representation of a clearly defined business
process.
[0078] After creating the business scenario, the developers add
details to each step of the business scenario (step 104). In
particular, for each step of the business scenario, the developers
identify the complete process steps performed by each business
entity. A discrete portion of the business scenario reflects a
"business transaction," and each business entity is referred to as
a "component" of the business transaction. The developers also
identify the messages that are transmitted between the components.
A "process interaction model" represents the complete process steps
between two components.
[0079] After creating the process interaction model, the developers
create a "message choreography" (step 106), which depicts the
messages transmitted between the two components in the process
interaction model. The developers then represent the transmission
of the messages between the components during a business process in
a "business document flow" (step 108). Thus, the business document
flow illustrates the flow of information between the business
entities during a business process.
[0080] FIG. 2 depicts an example business document flow 200 for the
process of purchasing a product or service. The business entities
involved with the illustrative purchase process include Accounting
202, Payment 204, Invoicing 206, Supply Chain Execution ("SCE")
208, Supply Chain Planning ("SCP") 210, Fulfillment Coordination
("FC") 212, Supply Relationship Management ("SRM") 214, Supplier
216, and Bank 218. The business document flow 200 is divided into
four different transactions: Preparation of Ordering ("Contract")
220, Ordering 222, Goods Receiving ("Delivery") 224, and
Billing/Payment 226. In the business document flow, arrows 228
represent the transmittal of documents. Each document reflects a
message transmitted between entities. One of ordinary skill in the
art will appreciate that the messages transferred may be considered
to be a communications protocol. The process flow follows the focus
of control, which is depicted as a solid vertical line (e.g., 229)
when the step is required, and a dotted vertical line (e.g., 230)
when the step is optional.
[0081] During the Contract transaction 220, the SRM 214 sends a
Source of Supply Notification 232 to the SCP 210. This step is
optional, as illustrated by the optional control line 230 coupling
this step to the remainder of the business document flow 200.
During the Ordering transaction 222, the SCP 210 sends a Purchase
Requirement Request 234 to the FC 212, which forwards a Purchase
Requirement Request 236 to the SRM 214. The SRM 214 then sends a
Purchase Requirement Confirmation 238 to the FC 212, and the FC 212
sends a Purchase Requirement Confirmation 240 to the SCP 210. The
SRM 214 also sends a Purchase Order Request 242 to the Supplier
216, and sends Purchase Order Information 244 to the FC 212. The FC
212 then sends a Purchase Order Planning Notification 246 to the
SCP 210. The Supplier 216, after receiving the Purchase Order
Request 242, sends a Purchase Order Confirmation 248 to the SRM
214, which sends a Purchase Order Information confirmation message
254 to the FC 212, which sends a message 256 confirming the
Purchase Order Planning Notification to the SCP 210. The SRM 214
then sends an Invoice Due Notification 258 to Invoicing 206.
[0082] During the Delivery transaction 224, the FC 212 sends a
Delivery Execution Request 260 to the SCE 208. The Supplier 216
could optionally (illustrated at control line 250) send a
Dispatched Delivery Notification 252 to the SCE 208. The SCE 208
then sends a message 262 to the FC 212 notifying the FC 212 that
the request for the Delivery Information was created. The FC 212
then sends a message 264 notifying the SRM 214 that the request for
the Delivery Information was created. The FC 212 also sends a
message 266 notifying the SCP 210 that the request for the Delivery
Information was created. The SCE 208 sends a message 268 to the FC
212 when the goods have been set aside for delivery. The FC 212
sends a message 270 to the SRM 214 when the goods have been set
aside for delivery. The FC 212 also sends a message 272 to the SCP
210 when the goods have been set aside for delivery.
[0083] The SCE 208 sends a message 274 to the FC 212 when the goods
have been delivered. The FC 212 then sends a message 276 to the SRM
214 indicating that the goods have been delivered, and sends a
message 278 to the SCP 210 indicating that the goods have been
delivered. The SCE 208 then sends an Inventory Change Accounting
Notification 280 to Accounting 202, and an Inventory Change
Notification 282 to the SCP 210. The FC 212 sends an Invoice Due
Notification 284 to Invoicing 206, and SCE 208 sends a Received
Delivery Notification 286 to the Supplier 216.
[0084] During the Billing/Payment transaction 226, the Supplier 216
sends an Invoice Request 287 to Invoicing 206. Invoicing 206 then
sends a Payment Due Notification 288 to Payment 204, a Tax Due
Notification 289 to Payment 204, an Invoice Confirmation 290 to the
Supplier 216, and an Invoice Accounting Notification 291 to
Accounting 202. Payment 204 sends a Payment Request 292 to the Bank
218, and a Payment Requested Accounting Notification 293 to
Accounting 202. Bank 218 sends a Bank Statement Information 296 to
Payment 204. Payment 204 then sends a Payment Done Information 294
to Invoicing 206 and a Payment Done Accounting Notification 295 to
Accounting 202.
[0085] Within a business document flow, business documents having
the same or similar structures are marked. For example, in the
business document flow 200 depicted in FIG. 2, Purchase Requirement
Requests 234, 236 and Purchase Requirement Confirmations 238, 240
have the same structures. Thus, each of these business documents is
marked with an "O6." Similarly, Purchase Order Request 242 and
Purchase Order Confirmation 248 have the same structures. Thus,
both documents are marked with an "O1." Each business document or
message is based on a message type.
[0086] From the business document flow, the developers identify the
business documents having identical or similar structures, and use
these business documents to create the business object model (step
110). The business object model includes the objects contained
within the business documents. These objects are reflected as
packages containing related information, and are arranged in a
hierarchical structure within the business object model, as
discussed below.
[0087] Methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein then generate interfaces from the business object
model (step 112). The heterogeneous programs use instantiations of
these interfaces (called "business document objects" below) to
create messages (step 114), which are sent to complete the business
transaction (step 116). Business entities use these messages to
exchange information with other business entities during an
end-to-end business transaction. Since the business object model is
shared by heterogeneous programs, the interfaces are consistent
among these programs. The heterogeneous programs use these
consistent interfaces to communicate in a consistent manner, thus
facilitating the business transactions.
[0088] Standardized Business-to-Business ("B2B") messages are
compliant with at least one of the e-business standards (i.e., they
include the business-relevant fields of the standard). The
e-business standards include, for example, RosettaNet for the
high-tech industry, Chemical Industry Data Exchange ("CIDX"),
Petroleum Industry Data Exchange ("PIDX") for the oil industry,
UCCnet for trade, PapiNet for the paper industry, Odette for the
automotive industry, HR-XML for human resources, and XML Common
Business Library ("xCBL"). Thus, B2B messages enable simple
integration of components in heterogeneous system landscapes.
Application-to-Application ("A2A") messages often exceed the
standards and thus may provide the benefit of the full
functionality of application components. Although various steps of
FIG. 1 were described as being performed manually, one skilled in
the art will appreciate that such steps could be computer-assisted
or performed entirely by a computer, including being performed by
either hardware, software, or any other combination thereof.
[0089] B. Implementation Details
[0090] As discussed above, methods and systems consistent with the
subject matter described herein create consistent interfaces by
generating the interfaces from a business object model. Details
regarding the creation of the business object model, the generation
of an interface from the business object model, and the use of an
interface generated from the business object model are provided
below.
[0091] Turning to the illustrated embodiment in FIG. 3A,
environment 300 includes or is communicably coupled (such as via a
one-, bi- or multi-directional link or network) with server 302,
one or more clients 304, one or more or vendors 306, one or more
customers 308, at least some of which communicate across network
312. But, of course, this illustration is for example purposes
only, and any distributed system or environment implementing one or
more of the techniques described herein may be within the scope of
this disclosure. Server 302 comprises an electronic computing
device operable to receive, transmit, process and store data
associated with environment 300. Generally, FIG. 3A provides merely
one example of computers that may be used with the disclosure. Each
computer is generally intended to encompass any suitable processing
device. For example, although FIG. 3A illustrates one server 302
that may be used with the disclosure, environment 300 can be
implemented using computers other than servers, as well as a server
pool. Indeed, server 302 may be any computer or processing device
such as, for example, a blade server, general-purpose personal
computer (PC), Macintosh, workstation, Unix-based computer, or any
other suitable device. In other words, the present disclosure
contemplates computers other than general purpose computers as well
as computers without conventional operating systems. Server 302 may
be adapted to execute any operating system including Linux, UNIX,
Windows Server, or any other suitable operating system. According
to one embodiment, server 302 may also include or be communicably
coupled with a web server and/or a mail server.
[0092] As illustrated (but not required), the server 302 is
communicably coupled with a relatively remote repository 335 over a
portion of the network 312. The repository 335 is any electronic
storage facility, data processing center, or archive that may
supplement or replace local memory (such as 327). The repository
335 may be a central database communicably coupled with the one or
more servers 302 and the clients 304 via a virtual private network
(VPN), SSH (Secure Shell) tunnel, or other secure network
connection. The repository 335 may be physically or logically
located at any appropriate location including in one of the example
enterprises or off-shore, so long as it remains operable to store
information associated with the environment 300 and communicate
such data to the server 302 or at least a subset of plurality of
the clients 304.
[0093] Illustrated server 302 includes local memory 327. Memory 327
may include any memory or database module and may take the form of
volatile or non-volatile memory including, without limitation,
magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM),
read-only memory (ROM), removable media, or any other suitable
local or remote memory component. Illustrated memory 327 includes
an exchange infrastructure ("XI") 314, which is an infrastructure
that supports the technical interaction of business processes
across heterogeneous system environments. XI 314 centralizes the
communication between components within a business entity and
between different business entities. When appropriate, XI 314
carries out the mapping between the messages. XI 314 integrates
different versions of systems implemented on different platforms
(e.g., Java and ABAP). XI 314 is based on an open architecture, and
makes use of open standards, such as eXtensible Markup Language
(XML).TM. and Java environments. XI 314 offers services that are
useful in a heterogeneous and complex system landscape. In
particular, XI 314 offers a runtime infrastructure for message
exchange, configuration options for managing business processes and
message flow, and options for transforming message contents between
sender and receiver systems.
[0094] XI 314 stores data types 316, a business object model 318,
and interfaces 320. The details regarding the business object model
are described below. Data types 316 are the building blocks for the
business object model 318. The business object model 318 is used to
derive consistent interfaces 320. XI 314 allows for the exchange of
information from a first company having one computer system to a
second company having a second computer system over network 312 by
using the standardized interfaces 320.
[0095] While not illustrated, memory 327 may also include business
objects and any other appropriate data such as services,
interfaces, VPN applications or services, firewall policies, a
security or access log, print or other reporting files, HTML files
or templates, data classes or object interfaces, child software
applications or sub-systems, and others. This stored data may be
stored in one or more logical or physical repositories. In some
embodiments, the stored data (or pointers thereto) may be stored in
one or more tables in a relational database described in terms of
SQL statements or scripts. In the same or other embodiments, the
stored data may also be formatted, stored, or defined as various
data structures in text files, XML documents, Virtual Storage
Access Method (VSAM) files, flat files, Btrieve files,
comma-separated-value (CSV) files, internal variables, or one or
more libraries. For example, a particular data service record may
merely be a pointer to a particular piece of third party software
stored remotely. In another example, a particular data service may
be an internally stored software object usable by authenticated
customers or internal development. In short, the stored data may
comprise one table or file or a plurality of tables or files stored
on one computer or across a plurality of computers in any
appropriate format. Indeed, some or all of the stored data may be
local or remote without departing from the scope of this disclosure
and store any type of appropriate data.
[0096] Server 302 also includes processor 325. Processor 325
executes instructions and manipulates data to perform the
operations of server 302 such as, for example, a central processing
unit (CPU), a blade, an application specific integrated circuit
(ASIC), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Although FIG. 3A
illustrates a single processor 325 in server 302, multiple
processors 325 may be used according to particular needs and
reference to processor 325 is meant to include multiple processors
325 where applicable. In the illustrated embodiment, processor 325
executes at least business application 330.
[0097] At a high level, business application 330 is any
application, program, module, process, or other software that
utilizes or facilitates the exchange of information via messages
(or services) or the use of business objects. For example,
application 330 may implement, utilize or otherwise leverage an
enterprise service-oriented architecture (enterprise SOA), which
may be considered a blueprint for an adaptable, flexible, and open
IT architecture for developing services-based, enterprise-scale
business solutions. This example enterprise service may be a series
of web services combined with business logic that can be accessed
and used repeatedly to support a particular business process.
Aggregating web services into business-level enterprise services
helps provide a more meaningful foundation for the task of
automating enterprise-scale business scenarios Put simply,
enterprise services help provide a holistic combination of actions
that are semantically linked to complete the specific task, no
matter how many cross-applications are involved. In certain cases,
environment 300 may implement a composite application 330, as
described below in FIG. 4. Regardless of the particular
implementation, "software" may include software, firmware, wired or
programmed hardware, or any combination thereof as appropriate.
Indeed, application 330 may be written or described in any
appropriate computer language including C, C++, Java, Visual Basic,
assembler, Perl, any suitable version of 4GL, as well as others.
For example, returning to the above mentioned composite
application, the composite application portions may be implemented
as Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs) or the design-time components may
have the ability to generate run-time implementations into
different platforms, such as J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise
Edition), ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) objects,
or Microsoft's .NET. It will be understood that while application
330 is illustrated in FIG. 4 as including various sub-modules,
application 330 may include numerous other sub-modules or may
instead be a single multi-tasked module that implements the various
features and functionality through various objects, methods, or
other processes. Further, while illustrated as internal to server
302, one or more processes associated with application 330 may be
stored, referenced, or executed remotely. For example, a portion of
application 330 may be a web service that is remotely called, while
another portion of application 330 may be an interface object
bundled for processing at remote client 304. Moreover, application
330 may be a child or sub-module of another software module or
enterprise application (not illustrated) without departing from the
scope of this disclosure. Indeed, application 330 may be a hosted
solution that allows multiple related or third parties in different
portions of the process to perform the respective processing.
[0098] More specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 4, application 330
may be a composite application, or an application built on other
applications, that includes an object access layer (OAL) and a
service layer. In this example, application 330 may execute or
provide a number of application services, such as customer
relationship management (CRM) systems, human resources management
(HRM) systems, financial management (FM) systems, project
management (PM) systems, knowledge management (KM) systems, and
electronic file and mail systems. Such an object access layer is
operable to exchange data with a plurality of enterprise base
systems and to present the data to a composite application through
a uniform interface. The example service layer is operable to
provide services to the composite application. These layers may
help the composite application to orchestrate a business process in
synchronization with other existing processes (e.g., native
processes of enterprise base systems) and leverage existing
investments in the IT platform. Further, composite application 330
may run on a heterogeneous IT platform. In doing so, composite
application may be cross-functional in that it may drive business
processes across different applications, technologies, and
organizations. Accordingly, composite application 330 may drive
end-to-end business processes across heterogeneous systems or
sub-systems. Application 330 may also include or be coupled with a
persistence layer and one or more application system connectors.
Such application system connectors enable data exchange and
integration with enterprise sub-systems and may include an
Enterprise Connector (EC) interface, an Internet Communication
Manager/Internet Communication Framework (ICM/ICF) interface, an
Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) interface, and/or other interfaces
that provide Remote Function Call (RFC) capability. It will be
understood that while this example describes a composite
application 330, it may instead be a standalone or (relatively)
simple software program. Regardless, application 330 may also
perform processing automatically, which may indicate that the
appropriate processing is substantially performed by at least one
component of environment 300. It should be understood that
automatically further contemplates any suitable administrator or
other user interaction with application 330 or other components of
environment 300 without departing from the scope of this
disclosure.
[0099] Returning to FIG. 3A, illustrated server 302 may also
include interface 317 for communicating with other computer
systems, such as clients 304, over network 312 in a client-server
or other distributed environment. In certain embodiments, server
302 receives data from internal or external senders through
interface 317 for storage in memory 327, for storage in DB 335,
and/or processing by processor 325. Generally, interface 317
comprises logic encoded in software and/or hardware in a suitable
combination and operable to communicate with network 312. More
specifically, interface 317 may comprise software supporting one or
more communications protocols associated with communications
network 312 or hardware operable to communicate physical
signals.
[0100] Network 312 facilitates wireless or wireline communication
between computer server 302 and any other local or remote computer,
such as clients 304. Network 312 may be all or a portion of an
enterprise or secured network. In another example, network 312 may
be a VPN merely between server 302 and client 304 across wireline
or wireless link. Such an example wireless link may be via 802.11a,
802.11b, 802.11g, 802.20, WiMax, and many others. While illustrated
as a single or continuous network, network 312 may be logically
divided into various sub-nets or virtual networks without departing
from the scope of this disclosure, so long as at least portion of
network 312 may facilitate communications between server 302 and at
least one client 304. For example, server 302 may be communicably
coupled to one or more "local" repositories through one sub-net
while communicably coupled to a particular client 304 or "remote"
repositories through another. In other words, network 312
encompasses any internal or external network, networks,
sub-network, or combination thereof operable to facilitate
communications between various computing components in environment
300. Network 312 may communicate, for example, Internet Protocol
(IP) packets, Frame Relay frames, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
cells, voice, video, data, and other suitable information between
network addresses. Network 312 may include one or more local area
networks (LANs), radio access networks (RANs), metropolitan area
networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), all or a portion of the
global computer network known as the Internet, and/or any other
communication system or systems at one or more locations. In
certain embodiments, network 312 may be a secure network associated
with the enterprise and certain local or remote vendors 306 and
customers 308. As used in this disclosure, customer 308 is any
person, department, organization, small business, enterprise, or
any other entity that may use or request others to use environment
300. As described above, vendors 306 also may be local or remote to
customer 308. Indeed, a particular vendor 306 may provide some
content to business application 330, while receiving or purchasing
other content (at the same or different times) as customer 308. As
illustrated, customer 308 and vendor 06 each typically perform some
processing (such as uploading or purchasing content) using a
computer, such as client 304.
[0101] Client 304 is any computing device operable to connect or
communicate with server 302 or network 312 using any communication
link. For example, client 304 is intended to encompass a personal
computer, touch screen terminal, workstation, network computer,
kiosk, wireless data port, smart phone, personal data assistant
(PDA), one or more processors within these or other devices, or any
other suitable processing device used by or for the benefit of
business 308, vendor 306, or some other user or entity. At a high
level, each client 304 includes or executes at least GUI 336 and
comprises an electronic computing device operable to receive,
transmit, process and store any appropriate data associated with
environment 300. It will be understood that there may be any number
of clients 304 communicably coupled to server 302. Further, "client
304," "business," "business analyst," "end user," and "user" may be
used interchangeably as appropriate without departing from the
scope of this disclosure. Moreover, for ease of illustration, each
client 304 is described in terms of being used by one user. But
this disclosure contemplates that many users may use one computer
or that one user may use multiple computers. For example, client
304 may be a PDA operable to wirelessly connect with external or
unsecured network. In another example, client 304 may comprise a
laptop that includes an input device, such as a keypad, touch
screen, mouse, or other device that can accept information, and an
output device that conveys information associated with the
operation of server 302 or clients 304, including digital data,
visual information, or GUI 336. Both the input device and output
device may include fixed or removable storage media such as a
magnetic computer disk, CD-ROM, or other suitable media to both
receive input from and provide output to users of clients 304
through the display, namely the client portion of GUI or
application interface 336.
[0102] GUI 336 comprises a graphical user interface operable to
allow the user of client 304 to interface with at least a portion
of environment 300 for any suitable purpose, such as viewing
application or other transaction data. Generally, GUI 336 provides
the particular user with an efficient and user-friendly
presentation of data provided by or communicated within environment
300. For example, GUI 336 may present the user with the components
and information that is relevant to their task, increase reuse of
such components, and facilitate a sizable developer community
around those components. GUI 336 may comprise a plurality of
customizable frames or views having interactive fields, pull-down
lists, and buttons operated by the user. For example, GUI 336 is
operable to display data involving business objects and interfaces
in a user-friendly form based on the user context and the displayed
data. In another example, GUI 336 is operable to display different
levels and types of information involving business objects and
interfaces based on the identified or supplied user role. GUI 336
may also present a plurality of portals or dashboards. For example,
GUI 336 may display a portal that allows users to view, create, and
manage historical and real-time reports including role-based
reporting and such. Of course, such reports may be in any
appropriate output format including PDF, HTML, and printable text.
Real-time dashboards often provide table and graph information on
the current state of the data, which may be supplemented by
business objects and interfaces. It should be understood that the
term graphical user interface may be used in the singular or in the
plural to describe one or more graphical user interfaces and each
of the displays of a particular graphical user interface. Indeed,
reference to GUI 336 may indicate a reference to the front-end or a
component of business application 330, as well as the particular
interface accessible via client 304, as appropriate, without
departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, GUI 336
contemplates any graphical user interface, such as a generic web
browser or touchscreen, that processes information in environment
300 and efficiently presents the results to the user. Server 302
can accept data from client 304 via the web browser (e.g.,
Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator) and return the
appropriate HTML or XML responses to the browser using network
312.
[0103] More generally in environment 300 as depicted in FIG. 3B, a
Foundation Layer 375 can be deployed on multiple separate and
distinct hardware platforms, e.g., System A 350 and System B 360,
to support application software deployed as two or more deployment
units distributed on the platforms, including deployment unit 352
deployed on System A and deployment unit 362 deployed on System B.
In this example, the foundation layer can be used to support
application software deployed in an application layer. In
particular, the foundation layer can be used in connection with
application software implemented in accordance with a software
architecture that provides a suite of enterprise service operations
having various application functionality. In some implementations,
the application software is implemented to be deployed on an
application platform that includes a foundation layer that contains
all fundamental entities that can used from multiple deployment
units. These entities can be process components, business objects,
and reuse service components. A reuse service component is a piece
of software that is reused in different transactions. A reuse
service component is used by its defined interfaces, which can be,
e.g., local APIs or service interfaces. As explained above, process
components in separate deployment units interact through service
operations, as illustrated by messages passing between service
operations 356 and 366, which are implemented in process components
354 and 364, respectively, which are included in deployment units
352 and 362, respectively. As also explained above, some form of
direct communication is generally the form of interaction used
between a business object, e.g., business object 358 and 368, of an
application deployment unit and a business object, such as master
data object 370, of the Foundation Layer 375.
[0104] Various components of the present disclosure may be modeled
using a model-driven environment. For example, the model-driven
framework or environment may allow the developer to use simple
drag-and-drop techniques to develop pattern-based or freestyle user
interfaces and define the flow of data between them. The result
could be an efficient, customized, visually rich online experience.
In some cases, this model-driven development may accelerate the
application development process and foster business-user
self-service. It further enables business analysts or IT developers
to compose visually rich applications that use analytic services,
enterprise services, remote function calls (RFCs), APIs, and stored
procedures. In addition, it may allow them to reuse existing
applications and create content using a modeling process and a
visual user interface instead of manual coding.
[0105] FIG. 5A depicts an example modeling environment 516, namely
a modeling environment, in accordance with one embodiment of the
present disclosure. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 5A, such a
modeling environment 516 may implement techniques for decoupling
models created during design-time from the runtime environment. In
other words, model representations for GUIs created in a design
time environment are decoupled from the runtime environment in
which the GUIs are executed. Often in these environments, a
declarative and executable representation for GUIs for applications
is provided that is independent of any particular runtime platform,
GUI framework, device, or programming language.
[0106] According to some embodiments, a modeler (or other analyst)
may use the model-driven modeling environment 516 to create
pattern-based or freestyle user interfaces using simple
drag-and-drop services. Because this development may be
model-driven, the modeler can typically compose an application
using models of business objects without having to write much, if
any, code. In some cases, this example modeling environment 516 may
provide a personalized, secure interface that helps unify
enterprise applications, information, and processes into a
coherent, role-based portal experience. Further, the modeling
environment 516 may allow the developer to access and share
information and applications in a collaborative environment. In
this way, virtual collaboration rooms allow developers to work
together efficiently, regardless of where they are located, and may
enable powerful and immediate communication that crosses
organizational boundaries while enforcing security requirements.
Indeed, the modeling environment 516 may provide a shared set of
services for finding, organizing, and accessing unstructured
content stored in third-party repositories and content management
systems across various networks 312. Classification tools may
automate the organization of information, while subject-matter
experts and content managers can publish information to distinct
user audiences. Regardless of the particular implementation or
architecture, this modeling environment 516 may allow the developer
to easily model hosted business objects 140 using this model-driven
approach.
[0107] In certain embodiments, the modeling environment 516 may
implement or utilize a generic, declarative, and executable GUI
language (generally described as XGL). This example XGL is
generally independent of any particular GUI framework or runtime
platform. Further, XGL is normally not dependent on characteristics
of a target device on which the graphic user interface is to be
displayed and may also be independent of any programming language.
XGL is used to generate a generic representation (occasionally
referred to as the XGL representation or XGL-compliant
representation) for a design-time model representation. The XGL
representation is thus typically a device-independent
representation of a GUI. The XGL representation is declarative in
that the representation does not depend on any particular GUI
framework, runtime platform, device, or programming language. The
XGL representation can be executable and therefore can
unambiguously encapsulate execution semantics for the GUI described
by a model representation. In short, models of different types can
be transformed to XGL representations.
[0108] The XGL representation may be used for generating
representations of various different GUIs and supports various GUI
features including full windowing and componentization support,
rich data visualizations and animations, rich modes of data entry
and user interactions, and flexible connectivity to any complex
application data services. While a specific embodiment of XGL is
discussed, various other types of XGLs may also be used in
alternative embodiments. In other words, it will be understood that
XGL is used for example description only and may be read to include
any abstract or modeling language that can be generic, declarative,
and executable.
[0109] Turning to the illustrated embodiment in FIG. 5A, modeling
tool 340 may be used by a GUI designer or business analyst during
the application design phase to create a model representation 502
for a GUI application. It will be understood that modeling
environment 516 may include or be compatible with various different
modeling tools 340 used to generate model representation 502. This
model representation 502 may be a machine-readable representation
of an application or a domain specific model. Model representation
502 generally encapsulates various design parameters related to the
GUI such as GUI components, dependencies between the GUI
components, inputs and outputs, and the like. Put another way,
model representation 502 provides a form in which the one or more
models can be persisted and transported, and possibly handled by
various tools such as code generators, runtime interpreters,
analysis and validation tools, merge tools, and the like. In one
embodiment, model representation 502 maybe a collection of XML
documents with a well-formed syntax.
[0110] Illustrated modeling environment 516 also includes an
abstract representation generator (or XGL generator) 504 operable
to generate an abstract representation (for example, XGL
representation or XGL-compliant representation) 506 based upon
model representation 502. Abstract representation generator 504
takes model representation 502 as input and outputs abstract
representation 506 for the model representation. Model
representation 502 may include multiple instances of various forms
or types depending on the tool/language used for the modeling. In
certain cases, these various different model representations may
each be mapped to one or more abstract representations 506.
Different types of model representations may be transformed or
mapped to XGL representations. For each type of model
representation, mapping rules may be provided for mapping the model
representation to the XGL representation 506. Different mapping
rules may be provided for mapping a model representation to an XGL
representation.
[0111] This XGL representation 506 that is created from a model
representation may then be used for processing in the runtime
environment. For example, the XGL representation 506 may be used to
generate a machine-executable runtime GUI (or some other runtime
representation) that may be executed by a target device. As part of
the runtime processing, the XGL representation 506 may be
transformed into one or more runtime representations, which may
indicate source code in a particular programming language,
machine-executable code for a specific runtime environment,
executable GUI, and so forth, which may be generated for specific
runtime environments and devices. Since the XGL representation 506,
rather than the design-time model representation, is used by the
runtime environment, the design-time model representation is
decoupled from the runtime environment. The XGL representation 506
can thus serve as the common ground or interface between
design-time user interface modeling tools and a plurality of user
interface runtime frameworks. It provides a self-contained, closed,
and deterministic definition of all aspects of a graphical user
interface in a device-independent and programming-language
independent manner. Accordingly, abstract representation 506
generated for a model representation 502 is generally declarative
and executable in that it provides a representation of the GUI of
model representation 502 that is not dependent on any device or
runtime platform, is not dependent on any programming language, and
unambiguously encapsulates execution semantics for the GUI. The
execution semantics may include, for example, identification of
various components of the GUI, interpretation of connections
between the various GUI components, information identifying the
order of sequencing of events, rules governing dynamic behavior of
the GUI, rules governing handling of values by the GUI, and the
like. The abstract representation 506 is also not GUI
runtime-platform specific. The abstract representation 506 provides
a self-contained, closed, and deterministic definition of all
aspects of a graphical user interface that is device independent
and language independent.
[0112] Abstract representation 506 is such that the appearance and
execution semantics of a GUI generated from the XGL representation
work consistently on different target devices irrespective of the
GUI capabilities of the target device and the target device
platform. For example, the same XGL representation may be mapped to
appropriate GUIs on devices of differing levels of GUI complexity
(i.e., the same abstract representation may be used to generate a
GUI for devices that support simple GUIs and for devices that can
support complex GUIs), the GUI generated by the devices are
consistent with each other in their appearance and behavior.
[0113] Abstract representation generator 504 may be configured to
generate abstract representation 506 for models of different types,
which may be created using different modeling tools 340. It will be
understood that modeling environment 516 may include some, none, or
other sub-modules or components as those shown in this example
illustration. In other words, modeling environment 516 encompasses
the design-time environment (with or without the abstract generator
or the various representations), a modeling toolkit (such as 340)
linked with a developer's space, or any other appropriate software
operable to decouple models created during design-time from the
runtime environment. Abstract representation 506 provides an
interface between the design time environment and the runtime
environment. As shown, this abstract representation 506 may then be
used by runtime processing.
[0114] As part of runtime processing, modeling environment 516 may
include various runtime tools 508 and may generate different types
of runtime representations based upon the abstract representation
506. Examples of runtime representations include device or
language-dependent (or specific) source code, runtime
platform-specific machine-readable code, GUIs for a particular
target device, and the like. The runtime tools 508 may include
compilers, interpreters, source code generators, and other such
tools that are configured to generate runtime platform-specific or
target device-specific runtime representations of abstract
representation 506. The runtime tool 508 may generate the runtime
representation from abstract representation 506 using specific
rules that map abstract representation 506 to a particular type of
runtime representation. These mapping rules may be dependent on the
type of runtime tool, characteristics of the target device to be
used for displaying the GUI, runtime platform, and/or other
factors. Accordingly, mapping rules may be provided for
transforming the abstract representation 506 to any number of
target runtime representations directed to one or more target GUI
runtime platforms. For example, XGL-compliant code generators may
conform to semantics of XGL, as described below. XGL-compliant code
generators may ensure that the appearance and behavior of the
generated user interfaces is preserved across a plurality of target
GUI frameworks, while accommodating the differences in the
intrinsic characteristics of each and also accommodating the
different levels of capability of target devices.
[0115] For example, as depicted in example FIG. 5A, an XGL-to-Java
compiler 508A may take abstract representation 506 as input and
generate Java code 510 for execution by a target device comprising
a Java runtime 512. Java runtime 512 may execute Java code 510 to
generate or display a GUI 514 on a Java-platform target device. As
another example, an XGL-to-Flash compiler 508B may take abstract
representation 506 as input and generate Flash code 526 for
execution by a target device comprising a Flash runtime 518. Flash
runtime 518 may execute Flash code 516 to generate or display a GUI
520 on a target device comprising a Flash platform. As another
example, an XGL-to-DHTML (dynamic HTML) interpreter 508C may take
abstract representation 506 as input and generate DHTML statements
(instructions) on the fly which are then interpreted by a DHTML
runtime 522 to generate or display a GUI 524 on a target device
comprising a DHTML platform.
[0116] It should be apparent that abstract representation 506 may
be used to generate GUIs for Extensible Application Markup Language
(XAML) or various other runtime platforms and devices. The same
abstract representation 506 may be mapped to various runtime
representations and device-specific and runtime platform-specific
GUIs. In general, in the runtime environment, machine executable
instructions specific to a runtime environment may be generated
based upon the abstract representation 506 and executed to generate
a GUI in the runtime environment. The same XGL representation may
be used to generate machine executable instructions specific to
different runtime environments and target devices.
[0117] According to certain embodiments, the process of mapping a
model representation 502 to an abstract representation 506 and
mapping an abstract representation 506 to some runtime
representation may be automated. For example, design tools may
automatically generate an abstract representation for the model
representation using XGL and then use the XGL abstract
representation to generate GUIs that are customized for specific
runtime environments and devices. As previously indicated, mapping
rules may be provided for mapping model representations to an XGL
representation. Mapping rules may also be provided for mapping an
XGL representation to a runtime platform-specific
representation.
[0118] Since the runtime environment uses abstract representation
506 rather than model representation 502 for runtime processing,
the model representation 502 that is created during design-time is
decoupled from the runtime environment. Abstract representation 506
thus provides an interface between the modeling environment and the
runtime environment. As a result, changes may be made to the design
time environment, including changes to model representation 502 or
changes that affect model representation 502, generally to not
substantially affect or impact the runtime environment or tools
used by the runtime environment. Likewise, changes may be made to
the runtime environment generally to not substantially affect or
impact the design time environment. A designer or other developer
can thus concentrate on the design aspects and make changes to the
design without having to worry about the runtime dependencies such
as the target device platform or programming language
dependencies.
[0119] FIG. 5B depicts an example process for mapping a model
representation 502 to a runtime representation using the example
modeling environment 516 of FIG. 5A or some other modeling
environment. Model representation 502 may comprise one or more
model components and associated properties that describe a data
object, such as hosted business objects and interfaces. As
described above, at least one of these model components is based on
or otherwise associated with these hosted business objects and
interfaces. The abstract representation 506 is generated based upon
model representation 502. Abstract representation 506 may be
generated by the abstract representation generator 504. Abstract
representation 506 comprises one or more abstract GUI components
and properties associated with the abstract GUI components. As part
of generation of abstract representation 506, the model GUI
components and their associated properties from the model
representation are mapped to abstract GUI components and properties
associated with the abstract GUI components. Various mapping rules
may be provided to facilitate the mapping. The abstract
representation encapsulates both appearance and behavior of a GUI.
Therefore, by mapping model components to abstract components, the
abstract representation not only specifies the visual appearance of
the GUI but also the behavior of the GUI, such as in response to
events whether clicking/dragging or scrolling, interactions between
GUI components and such.
[0120] One or more runtime representations 550a, including GUIs for
specific runtime environment platforms, may be generated from
abstract representation 506. A device-dependent runtime
representation may be generated for a particular type of target
device platform to be used for executing and displaying the GUI
encapsulated by the abstract representation. The GUIs generated
from abstract representation 506 may comprise various types of GUI
elements such as buttons, windows, scrollbars, input boxes, etc.
Rules may be provided for mapping an abstract representation to a
particular runtime representation. Various mapping rules may be
provided for different runtime environment platforms.
[0121] Methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein provide and use interfaces 320 derived from the
business object model 318 suitable for use with more than one
business area, for example different departments within a company
such as finance, or marketing. Also, they are suitable across
industries and across businesses. Interfaces 320 are used during an
end-to-end business transaction to transfer business process
information in an application-independent manner. For example the
interfaces can be used for fulfilling a sales order.
[0122] 1. Message Overview
[0123] To perform an end-to-end business transaction, consistent
interfaces are used to create business documents that are sent
within messages between heterogeneous programs or modules.
[0124] a) Message Categories
[0125] As depicted in FIG. 6, the communication between a sender
602 and a recipient 604 can be broken down into basic categories
that describe the type of the information exchanged and
simultaneously suggest the anticipated reaction of the recipient
604. A message category is a general business classification for
the messages. Communication is sender-driven. In other words, the
meaning of the message categories is established or formulated from
the perspective of the sender 602. The message categories include
information 606, notification 608, query 610, response 612, request
614, and confirmation 616.
(1) Information
[0126] Information 606 is a message sent from a sender 602 to a
recipient 604 concerning a condition or a statement of affairs. No
reply to information is expected. Information 606 is sent to make
business partners or business applications aware of a situation.
Information 606 is not compiled to be application-specific.
Examples of "information" are an announcement, advertising, a
report, planning information, and a message to the business
warehouse.
(2) Notification
[0127] A notification 608 is a notice or message that is geared to
a service. A sender 602 sends the notification 608 to a recipient
604. No reply is expected for a notification. For example, a
billing notification relates to the preparation of an invoice while
a dispatched delivery notification relates to preparation for
receipt of goods.
(3) Query
[0128] A query 610 is a question from a sender 602 to a recipient
604 to which a response 612 is expected. A query 610 implies no
assurance or obligation on the part of the sender 602. Examples of
a query 610 are whether space is available on a specific flight or
whether a specific product is available. These queries do not
express the desire for reserving the flight or purchasing the
product.
(4) Response
[0129] A response 612 is a reply to a query 610. The recipient 604
sends the response 612 to the sender 602. A response 612 generally
implies no assurance or obligation on the part of the recipient
604. The sender 602 is not expected to reply. Instead, the process
is concluded with the response 612. Depending on the business
scenario, a response 612 also may include a commitment, i.e., an
assurance or obligation on the part of the recipient 604. Examples
of responses 612 are a response stating that space is available on
a specific flight or that a specific product is available. With
these responses, no reservation was made.
(5) Request
[0130] A request 614 is a binding requisition or requirement from a
sender 602 to a recipient 604. Depending on the business scenario,
the recipient 604 can respond to a request 614 with a confirmation
616. The request 614 is binding on the sender 602. In making the
request 614, the sender 602 assumes, for example, an obligation to
accept the services rendered in the request 614 under the reported
conditions. Examples of a request 614 are a parking ticket, a
purchase order, an order for delivery and a job application.
(6) Confirmation
[0131] A confirmation 616 is a binding reply that is generally made
to a request 614. The recipient 604 sends the confirmation 616 to
the sender 602. The information indicated in a confirmation 616,
such as deadlines, products, quantities and prices, can deviate
from the information of the preceding request 614. A request 614
and confirmation 616 may be used in negotiating processes. A
negotiating process can consist of a series of several request 614
and confirmation 616 messages. The confirmation 616 is binding on
the recipient 604. For example, 100 units of X may be ordered in a
purchase order request; however, only the delivery of 80 units is
confirmed in the associated purchase order confirmation.
[0132] b) Message Choreography
[0133] A message choreography is a template that specifies the
sequence of messages between business entities during a given
transaction. The sequence with the messages contained in it
describes in general the message "lifecycle" as it proceeds between
the business entities. If messages from a choreography are used in
a business transaction, they appear in the transaction in the
sequence determined by the choreography. This illustrates the
template character of a choreography, i.e., during an actual
transaction, it is not necessary for all messages of the
choreography to appear. Those messages that are contained in the
transaction, however, follow the sequence within the choreography.
A business transaction is thus a derivation of a message
choreography. The choreography makes it possible to determine the
structure of the individual message types more precisely and
distinguish them from one another.
[0134] 2. Components of the Business Object Model
[0135] The overall structure of the business object model ensures
the consistency of the interfaces that are derived from the
business object model. The derivation ensures that the same
business-related subject matter or concept is represented and
structured in the same way in all interfaces.
[0136] The business object model defines the business-related
concepts at a central location for a number of business
transactions. In other words, it reflects the decisions made about
modeling the business entities of the real world acting in business
transactions across industries and business areas. The business
object model is defined by the business objects and their
relationship to each other (the overall net structure).
[0137] Each business object is generally a capsule with an internal
hierarchical structure, behavior offered by its operations, and
integrity constraints. Business objects are semantically disjoint,
i.e., the same business information is represented once. In the
business object model, the business objects are arranged in an
ordering framework. From left to right, they are arranged according
to their existence dependency to each other. For example, the
customizing elements may be arranged on the left side of the
business object model, the strategic elements may be arranged in
the center of the business object model, and the operative elements
may be arranged on the right side of the business object model.
Similarly, the business objects are arranged from the top to the
bottom based on defined order of the business areas, e.g., finance
could be arranged at the top of the business object model with CRM
below finance and SRM below CRM.
[0138] To ensure the consistency of interfaces, the business object
model may be built using standardized data types as well as
packages to group related elements together, and package templates
and entity templates to specify the arrangement of packages and
entities within the structure.
[0139] a) Data Types
[0140] Data types are used to type object entities and interfaces
with a structure. This typing can include business semantic. Such
data types may include those generally described at pages 96
through 1642 (which are incorporated by reference herein) of U.S.
patent. application Ser. No. 11/803,178, filed on May 11, 2007 and
entitled "Consistent Set Of Interfaces Derived From A Business
Object Model". For example, the data type
BusinessTransactionDocumentID is a unique identifier for a document
in a business transaction. Also, as an example, Data type
BusinessTransactionDocumentParty contains the information that is
exchanged in business documents about a party involved in a
business transaction, and includes the party's identity, the
party's address, the party's contact person and the contact
person's address. BusinessTransactionDocumentParty also includes
the role of the party, e.g., a buyer, seller, product recipient, or
vendor.
[0141] The data types are based on Core Component Types ("CCTs"),
which themselves are based on the World Wide Web Consortium ("W3C")
data types. "Global" data types represent a business situation that
is described by a fixed structure. Global data types include both
context-neutral generic data types ("GDTs") and context-based
context data types ("CDTs"). GDTs contain business semantics, but
are application-neutral, i.e., without context. CDTs, on the other
hand, are based on GDTs and form either a use-specific view of the
GDTs, or a context-specific assembly of GDTs or CDTs. A message is
typically constructed with reference to a use and is thus a
use-specific assembly of GDTs and CDTs. The data types can be
aggregated to complex data types.
[0142] To achieve a harmonization across business objects and
interfaces, the same subject matter is typed with the same data
type. For example, the data type "GeoCoordinates" is built using
the data type "Measure" so that the measures in a GeoCoordinate
(i.e., the latitude measure and the longitude measure) are
represented the same as other "Measures" that appear in the
business object model.
[0143] b) Entities
[0144] Entities are discrete business elements that are used during
a business transaction. Entities are not to be confused with
business entities or the components that interact to perform a
transaction. Rather, "entities" are one of the layers of the
business object model and the interfaces. For example, a Catalogue
entity is used in a Catalogue Publication Request and a Purchase
Order is used in a Purchase Order Request. These entities are
created using the data types defined above to ensure the consistent
representation of data throughout the entities.
[0145] c) Packages
[0146] Packages group the entities in the business object model and
the resulting interfaces into groups of semantically associated
information. Packages also may include "sub"-packages, i.e., the
packages may be nested.
[0147] Packages may group elements together based on different
factors, such as elements that occur together as a rule with regard
to a business-related aspect. For example, as depicted in FIG. 7,
in a Purchase Order, different information regarding the purchase
order, such as the type of payment 702, and payment card 704, are
grouped together via the PaymentInformation package 700.
[0148] Packages also may combine different components that result
in a new object. For example, as depicted in FIG. 8, the components
wheels 804, motor 806, and doors 808 are combined to form a
composition "Car" 802. The "Car" package 800 includes the wheels,
motor and doors as well as the composition "Car."
[0149] Another grouping within a package may be subtypes within a
type. In these packages, the components are specialized forms of a
generic package. For example, as depicted in FIG. 9, the components
Car 904, Boat 906, and Truck 908 can be generalized by the generic
term Vehicle 902 in Vehicle package 900. Vehicle in this case is
the generic package 910, while Car 912, Boat 914, and Truck 916 are
the specializations 918 of the generalized vehicle 910.
[0150] Packages also may be used to represent hierarchy levels. For
example, as depicted in FIG. 10, the Item Package 1000 includes
Item 1002 with subitem xxx 1004, subitem yyy 1006, and subitem zzz
1008.
[0151] Packages can be represented in the XML schema as a comment.
One advantage of this grouping is that the document structure is
easier to read and is more understandable. The names of these
packages are assigned by including the object name in brackets with
the suffix "Package." For example, as depicted in FIG. 11, Party
package 1100 is enclosed by <PartyPackage> 1102 and
</PartyPackage> 1104. Party package 1100 illustratively
includes a Buyer Party 1106, identified by <BuyerParty> 1108
and </BuyerParty> 1110, and a Seller Party 1112, identified
by <SellerParty> 1114 and </SellerParty>, etc.
[0152] d) Relationships
[0153] Relationships describe the interdependencies of the entities
in the business object model, and are thus an integral part of the
business object model.
(1) Cardinality of Relationships
[0154] FIG. 12 depicts a graphical representation of the
cardinalities between two entities. The cardinality between a first
entity and a second entity identifies the number of second entities
that could possibly exist for each first entity. Thus, a 1:c
cardinality 1200 between entities A 1202 and X 1204 indicates that
for each entity A 1202, there is either one or zero 1206 entity X
1204. A 1:1 cardinality 1208 between entities A 1210 and X 1212
indicates that for each entity A 1210, there is exactly one 1214
entity X 1212. A 1:n cardinality 1216 between entities A 1218 and X
1220 indicates that for each entity A 1218, there are one or more
1222 entity Xs 1220. A 1:cn cardinality 1224 between entities A
1226 and X 1228 indicates that for each entity A 1226, there are
any number 1230 of entity Xs 1228 (i.e., 0 through n Xs for each
A).
(2) Types of Relationships
(a) Composition
[0155] A composition or hierarchical relationship type is a strong
whole-part relationship which is used to describe the structure
within an object. The parts, or dependent entities, represent a
semantic refinement or partition of the whole, or less dependent
entity. For example, as depicted in FIG. 13, the components 1302,
wheels 1304, and doors 1306 may be combined to form the composite
1300 "Car" 1308 using the composition 1310. FIG. 14 depicts a
graphical representation of the composition 1410 between composite
Car 1408 and components wheel 1404 and door 1406.
(b) Aggregation
[0156] An aggregation or an aggregating relationship type is a weak
whole-part relationship between two objects. The dependent object
is created by the combination of one or several less dependent
objects. For example, as depicted in FIG. 15, the properties of a
competitor product 1500 are determined by a product 1502 and a
competitor 1504. A hierarchical relationship 1506 exists between
the product 1502 and the competitor product 1500 because the
competitor product 1500 is a component of the product 1502.
Therefore, the values of the attributes of the competitor product
1500 are determined by the product 1502. An aggregating
relationship 1508 exists between the competitor 1504 and the
competitor product 1500 because the competitor product 1500 is
differentiated by the competitor 1504. Therefore the values of the
attributes of the competitor product 1500 are determined by the
competitor 1504.
(c) Association
[0157] An association or a referential relationship type describes
a relationship between two objects in which the dependent object
refers to the less dependent object. For example, as depicted in
FIG. 16, a person 1600 has a nationality, and thus, has a reference
to its country 1602 of origin. There is an association 1604 between
the country 1602 and the person 1600. The values of the attributes
of the person 1600 are not determined by the country 1602.
(3) Specialization
[0158] Entity types may be divided into subtypes based on
characteristics of the entity types. For example, FIG. 17 depicts
an entity type "vehicle" 1700 specialized 1702 into subtypes
"truck" 1704, "car" 1706, and "ship" 1708. These subtypes represent
different aspects or the diversity of the entity type.
[0159] Subtypes may be defined based on related attributes. For
example, although ships and cars are both vehicles, ships have an
attribute, "draft," that is not found in cars. Subtypes also may be
defined based on certain methods that can be applied to entities of
this subtype and that modify such entities. For example, "drop
anchor" can be applied to ships. If outgoing relationships to a
specific object are restricted to a subset, then a subtype can be
defined which reflects this subset.
[0160] As depicted in FIG. 18, specializations may further be
characterized as complete specializations 1800 or incomplete
specializations 1802. There is a complete specialization 1800 where
each entity of the generalized type belongs to at least one
subtype. With an incomplete specialization 1802, there is at least
one entity that does not belong to a subtype. Specializations also
may be disjoint 1804 or nondisjoint 1806. In a disjoint
specialization 1804, each entity of the generalized type belongs to
a maximum of one subtype. With a nondisjoint specialization 1806,
one entity may belong to more than one subtype. As depicted in FIG.
18, four specialization categories result from the combination of
the specialization characteristics.
[0161] e) Structural Patterns
(1) Item
[0162] An item is an entity type which groups together features of
another entity type. Thus, the features for the entity type chart
of accounts are grouped together to form the entity type chart of
accounts item. For example, a chart of accounts item is a category
of values or value flows that can be recorded or represented in
amounts of money in accounting, while a chart of accounts is a
superordinate list of categories of values or value flows that is
defined in accounting.
[0163] The cardinality between an entity type and its item is often
either 1:n or 1:cn. For example, in the case of the entity type
chart of accounts, there is a hierarchical relationship of the
cardinality 1:n with the entity type chart of accounts item since a
chart of accounts has at least one item in all cases.
(2) Hierarchy
[0164] A hierarchy describes the assignment of subordinate entities
to superordinate entities and vice versa, where several entities of
the same type are subordinate entities that have, at most, one
directly superordinate entity. For example, in the hierarchy
depicted in FIG. 19, entity B 1902 is subordinate to entity A 1900,
resulting in the relationship (A,B) 1912. Similarly, entity C 1904
is subordinate to entity A 1900, resulting in the relationship
(A,C) 1914. Entity D 1906 and entity E 1908 are subordinate to
entity B 1902, resulting in the relationships (B,D) 1916 and (B,E)
1918, respectively. Entity F 1910 is subordinate to entity C 1904,
resulting in the relationship (C,F) 1920.
[0165] Because each entity has at most one superordinate entity,
the cardinality between a subordinate entity and its superordinate
entity is 1:c. Similarly, each entity may have 0, 1 or many
subordinate entities. Thus, the cardinality between a superordinate
entity and its subordinate entity is 1:cn. FIG. 20 depicts a
graphical representation of a Closing Report Structure Item
hierarchy 2000 for a Closing Report Structure Item 2002. The
hierarchy illustrates the 1:c cardinality 2004 between a
subordinate entity and its superordinate entity, and the 1:cn
cardinality 2006 between a superordinate entity and its subordinate
entity.
[0166] 3. Creation of the Business Object Model
[0167] FIGS. 21A-B depict the steps performed using methods and
systems consistent with the subject matter described herein to
create a business object model. Although some steps are described
as being performed by a computer, these steps may alternatively be
performed manually, or computer-assisted, or any combination
thereof. Likewise, although some steps are described as being
performed by a computer, these steps may also be computer-assisted,
or performed manually, or any combination thereof.
[0168] As discussed above, the designers create message
choreographies that specify the sequence of messages between
business entities during a transaction. After identifying the
messages, the developers identify the fields contained in one of
the messages (step 2100, FIG. 21A). The designers then determine
whether each field relates to administrative data or is part of the
object (step 2102). Thus, the first eleven fields identified below
in the left column are related to administrative data, while the
remaining fields are part of the object.
TABLE-US-00001 MessageID Admin ReferenceID CreationDate SenderID
AdditionalSenderID ContactPersonID SenderAddress RecipientID
AdditionalRecipientID ContactPersonID RecipientAddress ID Main
Object AdditionalID PostingDate LastChangeDate AcceptanceStatus
Note CompleteTransmission Indicator Buyer BuyerOrganisationName
Person Name FunctionalTitle DepartmentName CountryCode
StreetPostalCode POBox Postal Code Company Postal Code City Name
DistrictName PO Box ID PO Box Indicator PO Box Country Code PO Box
Region Code PO Box City Name Street Name House ID Building ID Floor
ID Room ID Care Of Name AddressDescription Telefonnumber
MobileNumber Facsimile Email Seller SellerAddress Location
LocationType DeliveryItemGroupID DeliveryPriority DeliveryCondition
TransferLocation NumberofPartialDelivery QuantityTolerance
MaximumLeadTime TransportServiceLevel TranportCondition
TransportDescription CashDiscountTerms PaymentForm PaymentCardID
PaymentCardReferenceID SequenceID Holder ExpirationDate
AttachmentID AttachmentFilename DescriptionofMessage
ConfirmationDescriptionof Message FollowUpActivity ItemID
ParentItemID HierarchyType ProductID ProductType ProductNote
ProductCategoryID Amount BaseQuantity ConfirmedAmount
ConfirmedBaseQuantity ItemBuyer ItemBuyerOrganisationName Person
Name FunctionalTitle DepartmentName CountryCode StreetPostalCode
POBox Postal Code Company Postal Code City Name DistrictName PO Box
ID PO Box Indicator PO Box Country Code PO Box Region Code PO Box
City Name Street Name House ID Building ID Floor ID Room ID Care Of
Name AddressDescription Telefonnumber MobilNumber Facsimile Email
ItemSeller ItemSellerAddress ItemLocation ItemLocationType
ItemDeliveryItemGroupID ItemDeliveryPriority ItemDeliveryCondition
ItemTransferLocation ItemNumberofPartialDelivery
ItemQuantityTolerance ItemMaximumLeadTime ItemTransportServiceLevel
ItemTranportCondition ItemTransportDescription ContractReference
QuoteReference CatalogueReference ItemAttachmentID
ItemAttachmentFilename ItemDescription ScheduleLineID
DeliveryPeriod Quantity ConfirmedScheduleLineID
ConfirmedDeliveryPeriod ConfirmedQuantity
[0169] Next, the designers determine the proper name for the object
according to the ISO 11179 naming standards (step 2104). In the
example above, the proper name for the "Main Object" is "Purchase
Order." After naming the object, the system that is creating the
business object model determines whether the object already exists
in the business object model (step 2106). If the object already
exists, the system integrates new attributes from the message into
the existing object (step 2108), and the process is complete.
[0170] If at step 2106 the system determines that the object does
not exist in the business object model, the designers model the
internal object structure (step 2110). To model the internal
structure, the designers define the components. For the above
example, the designers may define the components identified
below.
TABLE-US-00002 ID Purchase AdditionalID Order PostingDate
LastChangeDate AcceptanceStatus Note CompleteTransmission Indicator
Buyer Buyer BuyerOrganisationName Person Name FunctionalTitle
DepartmentName CountryCode StreetPostalCode POBox Postal Code
Company Postal Code City Name DistrictName PO Box ID PO Box
Indicator PO Box Country Code PO Box Region Code PO Box City Name
Street Name House ID Building ID Floor ID Room ID Care Of Name
AddressDescription Telefonnumber MobileNumber Facsimile Email
Seller Seller SellerAddress Location Location LocationType
DeliveryItemGroupID Delivery- DeliveryPriority Terms
DeliveryCondition TransferLocation NumberofPartialDelivery
QuantityTolerance MaximumLeadTime TransportServiceLevel
TranportCondition TransportDescription CashDiscountTerms
PaymentForm Payment PaymentCardID PaymentCardReferenceID SequenceID
Holder ExpirationDate AttachmentID AttachmentFilename
DescriptionofMessage ConfirmationDescriptionof Message
FollowUpActivity ItemID Purchase ParentItemID Order HierarchyType
Item ProductID Product ProductType ProductNote ProductCategoryID
ProductCategory Amount BaseQuantity ConfirmedAmount
ConfirmedBaseQuantity ItemBuyer Buyer ItemBuyerOrganisation Name
Person Name FunctionalTitle DepartmentName CountryCode
StreetPostalCode POBox Postal Code Company Postal Code City Name
DistrictName PO Box ID PO Box Indicator PO Box Country Code PO Box
Region Code PO Box City Name Street Name House ID Building ID Floor
ID Room ID Care Of Name AddressDescription Telefonnumber
MobilNumber Facsimile Email ItemSeller Seller ItemSellerAddress
ItemLocation Location ItemLocationType ItemDeliveryItemGroupID
ItemDeliveryPriority ItemDeliveryCondition ItemTransferLocation
ItemNumberofPartial Delivery ItemQuantityTolerance
ItemMaximumLeadTime ItemTransportServiceLevel ItemTranportCondition
ItemTransportDescription ContractReference Contract QuoteReference
Quote CatalogueReference Catalogue ItemAttachmentID
ItemAttachmentFilename ItemDescription ScheduleLineID
DeliveryPeriod Quantity ConfirmedScheduleLineID
ConfirmedDeliveryPeriod ConfirmedQuantity
[0171] During the step of modeling the internal structure, the
designers also model the complete internal structure by identifying
the compositions of the components and the corresponding
cardinalities, as shown below.
TABLE-US-00003 PurchaseOrder 1 Buyer 0 . . . 1 Address 0 . . . 1
ContactPerson 0 . . . 1 Address 0 . . . 1 Seller 0 . . . 1 Location
0 . . . 1 Address 0 . . . 1 DeliveryTerms 0 . . . 1 Incoterms 0 . .
. 1 PartialDelivery 0 . . . 1 QuantityTolerance 0 . . . 1 Transport
0 . . . 1 CashDiscount 0 . . . 1 Terms MaximumCashDiscount 0 . . .
1 NormalCashDiscount 0 . . . 1 PaymentForm 0 . . . 1 PaymentCard 0
. . . 1 Attachment 0 . . . n Description 0 . . . 1 Confirmation 0 .
. . 1 Description Item 0 . . . n HierarchyRelationship 0 . . . 1
Product 0 . . . 1 ProductCategory 0 . . . 1 Price 0 . . . 1
NetunitPrice 0 . . . 1 ConfirmedPrice 0 . . . 1 NetunitPrice 0 . .
. 1 Buyer 0 . . . 1 Seller 0 . . . 1 Location 0 . . . 1
DeliveryTerms 0 . . . 1 Attachment 0 . . . n Description 0 . . . 1
ConfirmationDescription 0 . . . 1 ScheduleLine 0 . . . n
DeliveryPeriod 1 ConfirmedScheduleLine 0 . . . n
[0172] After modeling the internal object structure, the developers
identify the subtypes and generalizations for all objects and
components (step 2112). For example, the Purchase Order may have
subtypes Purchase Order Update, Purchase Order Cancellation and
Purchase Order Information. Purchase Order Update may include
Purchase Order Request, Purchase Order Change, and Purchase Order
Confirmation. Moreover, Party may be identified as the
generalization of Buyer and Seller. The subtypes and
generalizations for the above example are shown below.
TABLE-US-00004 Purchase 1 Order PurchaseOrder Update PurchaseOrder
Request PurchaseOrder Change PurchaseOrder Confirmation
PurchaseOrder Cancellation PurchaseOrder Information Party
BuyerParty 0 . . . 1 Address 0 . . . 1 ContactPerson 0 . . . 1
Address 0 . . . 1 SellerParty 0 . . . 1 Location ShipToLocation 0 .
. . 1 Address 0 . . . 1 ShipFromLocation 0 . . . 1 Address 0 . . .
1 DeliveryTerms 0 . . . 1 Incoterms 0 . . . 1 PartialDelivery 0 . .
. 1 QuantityTolerance 0 . . . 1 Transport 0 . . . 1 CashDiscount 0
. . . 1 Terms MaximumCash Discount 0 . . . 1 NormalCashDiscount 0 .
. . 1 PaymentForm 0 . . . 1 PaymentCard 0 . . . 1 Attachment 0 . .
. n Description 0 . . . 1 Confirmation 0 . . . 1 Description Item 0
. . . n HierarchyRelationship 0 . . . 1 Product 0 . . . 1
ProductCategory 0 . . . 1 Price 0 . . . 1 NetunitPrice 0 . . . 1
ConfirmedPrice 0 . . . 1 NetunitPrice 0 . . . 1 Party BuyerParty 0
. . . 1 SellerParty 0 . . . 1 Location ShipTo 0 . . . 1 Location
ShipFrom 0 . . . 1 Location DeliveryTerms 0 . . . 1 Attachment 0 .
. . n Description 0 . . . 1 Confirmation 0 . . . 1 Description
ScheduleLine 0 . . . n Delivery 1 Period ConfirmedScheduleLine 0 .
. . n
[0173] After identifying the subtypes and generalizations, the
developers assign the attributes to these components (step 2114).
The attributes for a portion of the components are shown below.
TABLE-US-00005 Purchase 1 Order ID 1 SellerID 0 . . . 1
BuyerPosting 0 . . . 1 DateTime BuyerLast 0 . . . 1 ChangeDate Time
SellerPosting 0 . . . 1 DateTime SellerLast 0 . . . 1 ChangeDate
Time Acceptance 0 . . . 1 StatusCode Note 0 . . . 1 ItemList 0 . .
. 1 Complete Transmission Indicator BuyerParty 0 . . . 1 StandardID
0 . . . n BuyerID 0 . . . 1 SellerID 0 . . . 1 Address 0 . . . 1
ContactPerson 0 . . . 1 BuyerID 0 . . . 1 SellerID 0 . . . 1
Address 0 . . . 1 SellerParty 0 . . . 1 Product 0 . . . 1
RecipientParty VendorParty 0 . . . 1 Manufacturer 0 . . . 1 Party
BillToParty 0 . . . 1 PayerParty 0 . . . 1 CarrierParty 0 . . . 1
ShipTo 0 . . . 1 Location StandardID 0 . . . n BuyerID 0 . . . 1
SellerID 0 . . . 1 Address 0 . . . 1 ShipFrom 0 . . . 1
Location
[0174] The system then determines whether the component is one of
the object nodes in the business object model (step 2116, FIG.
21B). If the system determines that the component is one of the
object nodes in the business object model, the system integrates a
reference to the corresponding object node from the business object
model into the object (step 2118). In the above example, the system
integrates the reference to the Buyer party represented by an ID
and the reference to the ShipToLocation represented by an into the
object, as shown below. The attributes that were formerly located
in the PurchaseOrder object are now assigned to the new found
object party. Thus, the attributes are removed from the
PurchaseOrder object.
TABLE-US-00006 PurchaseOrder ID SellerID BuyerPostingDateTime
BuyerLastChangeDateTime SellerPostingDateTime
SellerLastChangeDateTime AcceptanceStatusCode Note ItemListComplete
TransmissionIndicator BuyerParty ID SellerParty
ProductRecipientParty VendorParty ManufacturerParty BillToParty
PayerParty CarrierParty ShipToLocation ID ShipFromLocation
[0175] During the integration step, the designers classify the
relationship (i.e., aggregation or association) between the object
node and the object being integrated into the business object
model. The system also integrates the new attributes into the
object node (step 2120). If at step 2116, the system determines
that the component is not in the business object model, the system
adds the component to the business object model (step 2122).
[0176] Regardless of whether the component was in the business
object model at step 2116, the next step in creating the business
object model is to add the integrity rules (step 2124). There are
several levels of integrity rules and constraints which should be
described. These levels include consistency rules between
attributes, consistency rules between components, and consistency
rules to other objects. Next, the designers determine the services
offered, which can be accessed via interfaces (step 2126). The
services offered in the example above include
PurchaseOrderCreateRequest, PurchaseOrderCancellationRequest, and
PurchaseOrderReleaseRequest. The system then receives an indication
of the location for the object in the business object model (step
2128). After receiving the indication of the location, the system
integrates the object into the business object model (step
2130).
[0177] 4. Structure of the Business Object Model
[0178] The business object model, which serves as the basis for the
process of generating consistent interfaces, includes the elements
contained within the interfaces. These elements are arranged in a
hierarchical structure within the business object model.
[0179] 5. Interfaces Derived from Business Object Model
[0180] Interfaces are the starting point of the communication
between two business entities. The structure of each interface
determines how one business entity communicates with another
business entity. The business entities may act as a unified whole
when, based on the business scenario, the business entities know
what an interface contains from a business perspective and how to
fill the individual elements or fields of the interface. As
illustrated in FIG. 27A, communication between components takes
place via messages that contain business documents (e.g., business
document 27002). The business document 27002 ensures a holistic
business-related understanding for the recipient of the message.
The business documents are created and accepted or consumed by
interfaces, specifically by inbound and outbound interfaces. The
interface structure and, hence, the structure of the business
document are derived by a mapping rule. This mapping rule is known
as "hierarchization." An interface structure thus has a
hierarchical structure created based on the leading business object
27000. The interface represents a usage-specific, hierarchical view
of the underlying usage-neutral object model.
[0181] As illustrated in FIG. 27B, several business document
objects 27006, 27008, and 27010 as overlapping views may be derived
for a given leading object 27004. Each business document object
results from the object model by hierarchization.
[0182] To illustrate the hierarchization process, FIG. 27C depicts
an example of an object model 27012 (i.e., a portion of the
business object model) that is used to derive a service operation
signature (business document object structure). As depicted,
leading object X 27014 in the object model 27012 is integrated in a
net of object A 27016, object B 27018, and object C 27020.
Initially, the parts of the leading object 27014 that are required
for the business object document are adopted. In one variation, all
parts required for a business document object are adopted from
leading object 27014 (making such an operation a maximal service
operation). Based on these parts, the relationships to the
superordinate objects (i.e., objects A, B, and C from which object
X depends) are inverted. In other words, these objects are adopted
as dependent or subordinate objects in the new business document
object.
[0183] For example, object A 27016, object B 27018, and object C
27020 have information that characterize object X. Because object A
27016, object B 27018, and object C 27020 are superordinate to
leading object X 27014, the dependencies of these relationships
change so that object A 27016, object B 27018, and object C 27020
become dependent and subordinate to leading object X 27014. This
procedure is known as "derivation of the business document object
by hierarchization."
[0184] Business-related objects generally have an internal
structure (parts). This structure can be complex and reflect the
individual parts of an object and their mutual dependency. When
creating the operation signature, the internal structure of an
object is strictly hierarchized. Thus, dependent parts keep their
dependency structure, and relationships between the parts within
the object that do not represent the hierarchical structure are
resolved by prioritizing one of the relationships.
[0185] Relationships of object X to external objects that are
referenced and whose information characterizes object X are added
to the operation signature. Such a structure can be quite complex
(see, for example, FIG. 27D). The cardinality to these referenced
objects is adopted as 1:1 or 1:C, respectively. By this, the
direction of the dependency changes. The required parts of this
referenced object are adopted identically, both in their
cardinality and in their dependency arrangement.
[0186] The newly created business document object contains all
required information, including the incorporated master data
information of the referenced objects. As depicted in FIG. 27D,
components Xi in leading object X 27022 are adopted directly. The
relationship of object X 27022 to object A 27024, object B 27028,
and object C 27026 are inverted, and the parts required by these
objects are added as objects that depend from object X 27022. As
depicted, all of object A 27024 is adopted. B3 and B4 are adopted
from object B 27028, but B1 is not adopted. From object C 27026, C2
and C1 are adopted, but C3 is not adopted.
[0187] FIG. 27E depicts the business document object X 27030
created by this hierarchization process. As shown, the arrangement
of the elements corresponds to their dependency levels, which
directly leads to a corresponding representation as an XML
structure 27032.
[0188] The following provides certain rules that can be adopted
singly or in combination with regard to the hierarchization
process. A business document object always refers to a leading
business document object and is derived from this object. The name
of the root entity in the business document entity is the name of
the business object or the name of a specialization of the business
object or the name of a service specific view onto the business
object. The nodes and elements of the business object that are
relevant (according to the semantics of the associated message
type) are contained as entities and elements in the business
document object.
[0189] The name of a business document entity is predefined by the
name of the corresponding business object node. The name of the
superordinate entity is not repeated in the name of the business
document entity. The "full" semantic name results from the
concatenation of the entity names along the hierarchical structure
of the business document object.
[0190] The structure of the business document object is, except for
deviations due to hierarchization, the same as the structure of the
business object. The cardinalities of the business document object
nodes and elements are adopted identically or more restrictively to
the business document object. An object from which the leading
business object is dependent can be adopted to the business
document object. For this arrangement, the relationship is
inverted, and the object (or its parts, respectively) are
hierarchically subordinated in the business document object.
[0191] Nodes in the business object representing generalized
business information can be adopted as explicit entities to the
business document object (generally speaking, multiply TypeCodes
out). When this adoption occurs, the entities are named according
to their more specific semantic (name of TypeCode becomes prefix).
Party nodes of the business object are modeled as explicit entities
for each party role in the business document object. These nodes
are given the name <Prefix><Party Role>Party, for
example, BuyerParty, ItemBuyerParty. BTDReference nodes are modeled
as separate entities for each reference type in the business
document object. These nodes are given the name
<Qualifier><BO><Node>Reference, for example
SalesOrderReference, OriginSalesOrderReference,
SalesOrderItemReference. A product node in the business object
comprises all of the information on the Product, ProductCategory,
and Batch. This information is modeled in the business document
object as explicit entities for Product, ProductCategory, and
Batch.
[0192] Entities which are connected by a 1:1 relationship as a
result of hierarchization can be combined to a single entity, if
they are semantically equivalent. Such a combination can often
occurs if a node in the business document object that results from
an assignment node is removed because it does not have any
elements.
[0193] The message type structure is typed with data types.
Elements are typed by GDTs according to their business objects.
Aggregated levels are typed with message type specific data types
(Intermediate Data Types), with their names being built according
to the corresponding paths in the message type structure. The whole
message type structured is typed by a message data type with its
name being built according to the root entity with the suffix
"Message". For the message type, the message category (e.g.,
information, notification, query, response, request, confirmation,
etc.) is specified according to the suited transaction
communication pattern.
[0194] In one variation, the derivation by hierarchization can be
initiated by specifying a leading business object and a desired
view relevant for a selected service operation. This view
determines the business document object. The leading business
object can be the source object, the target object, or a third
object. Thereafter, the parts of the business object required for
the view are determined. The parts are connected to the root node
via a valid path along the hierarchy. Thereafter, one or more
independent objects (object parts, respectively) referenced by the
leading object which are relevant for the service may be determined
(provided that a relationship exists between the leading object and
the one or more independent objects).
[0195] Once the selection is finalized, relevant nodes of the
leading object node that are structurally identical to the message
type structure can then be adopted. If nodes are adopted from
independent objects or object parts, the relationships to such
independent objects or object parts are inverted. Linearization can
occur such that a business object node containing certain TypeCodes
is represented in the message type structure by explicit entities
(an entity for each value of the TypeCode). The structure can be
reduced by checking all 1:1 cardinalities in the message type
structure. Entities can be combined if they are semantically
equivalent, one of the entities carries no elements, or an entity
solely results from an n:m assignment in the business object.
[0196] After the hierarchization is completed, information
regarding transmission of the business document object (e.g.,
CompleteTransmissionIndicator, ActionCodes, message category, etc.)
can be added. A standardized message header can be added to the
message type structure and the message structure can be typed.
Additionally, the message category for the message type can be
designated.
[0197] Invoice Request and Invoice Confirmation are examples of
interfaces. These invoice interfaces are used to exchange invoices
and invoice confirmations between an invoicing party and an invoice
recipient (such as between a seller and a buyer) in a B2B process.
Companies can create invoices in electronic as well as in paper
form. Traditional methods of communication, such as mail or fax,
for invoicing are cost intensive, prone to error, and relatively
slow, since the data is recorded manually. Electronic communication
eliminates such problems. The motivating business scenarios for the
Invoice Request and Invoice Confirmation interfaces are the Procure
to Stock (PTS) and Sell from Stock (SFS) scenarios. In the PTS
scenario, the parties use invoice interfaces to purchase and settle
goods. In the SFS scenario, the parties use invoice interfaces to
sell and invoice goods. The invoice interfaces directly integrate
the applications implementing them and also form the basis for
mapping data to widely-used XML standard formats such as
RosettaNet, PIDX, xCBL, and CIDX.
[0198] The invoicing party may use two different messages to map a
B2B invoicing process: (1) the invoicing party sends the message
type InvoiceRequest to the invoice recipient to start a new
invoicing process; and (2) the invoice recipient sends the message
type InvoiceConfirmation to the invoicing party to confirm or
reject an entire invoice or to temporarily assign it the status
"pending."
[0199] An InvoiceRequest is a legally binding notification of
claims or liabilities for delivered goods and rendered
services--usually, a payment request for the particular goods and
services. The message type InvoiceRequest is based on the message
data type InvoiceMessage. The InvoiceRequest message (as defined)
transfers invoices in the broader sense. This includes the specific
invoice (request to settle a liability), the debit memo, and the
credit memo.
[0200] InvoiceConfirmation is a response sent by the recipient to
the invoicing party confirming or rejecting the entire invoice
received or stating that it has been assigned temporarily the
status "pending." The message type InvoiceConfirmation is based on
the message data type InvoiceMessage. An InvoiceConfirmation is not
mandatory in a B2B invoicing process, however, it automates
collaborative processes and dispute management.
[0201] Usually, the invoice is created after it has been confirmed
that the goods were delivered or the service was provided. The
invoicing party (such as the seller) starts the invoicing process
by sending an InvoiceRequest message. Upon receiving the
InvoiceRequest message, the invoice recipient (for instance, the
buyer) can use the InvoiceConfirmation message to completely accept
or reject the invoice received or to temporarily assign it the
status "pending." The InvoiceConfirmation is not a negotiation tool
(as is the case in order management), since the options available
are either to accept or reject the entire invoice. The invoice data
in the InvoiceConfirmation message merely confirms that the invoice
has been forwarded correctly and does not communicate any desired
changes to the invoice. Therefore, the InvoiceConfirmation includes
the precise invoice data that the invoice recipient received and
checked. If the invoice recipient rejects an invoice, the invoicing
party can send a new invoice after checking the reason for
rejection (AcceptanceStatus and ConfirmationDescription at Invoice
and InvoiceItem level). If the invoice recipient does not respond,
the invoice is generally regarded as being accepted and the
invoicing party can expect payment.
[0202] FIGS. 22A-F depict a flow diagram of the steps performed by
methods and systems consistent with the subject matter described
herein to generate an interface from the business object model.
Although described as being performed by a computer, these steps
may alternatively be performed manually, or using any combination
thereof. The process begins when the system receives an indication
of a package template from the designer, i.e., the designer
provides a package template to the system (step 2200).
[0203] Package templates specify the arrangement of packages within
a business transaction document. Package templates are used to
define the overall structure of the messages sent between business
entities. Methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein use package templates in conjunction with the
business object model to derive the interfaces.
[0204] The system also receives an indication of the message type
from the designer (step 2202). The system selects a package from
the package template (step 2204), and receives an indication from
the designer whether the package is required for the interface
(step 2206). If the package is not required for the interface, the
system removes the package from the package template (step 2208).
The system then continues this analysis for the remaining packages
within the package template (step 2210).
[0205] If, at step 2206, the package is required for the interface,
the system copies the entity template from the package in the
business object model into the package in the package template
(step 2212, FIG. 22B). The system determines whether there is a
specialization in the entity template (step 2214). If the system
determines that there is a specialization in the entity template,
the system selects a subtype for the specialization (step 2216).
The system may either select the subtype for the specialization
based on the message type, or it may receive this information from
the designer. The system then determines whether there are any
other specializations in the entity template (step 2214). When the
system determines that there are no specializations in the entity
template, the system continues this analysis for the remaining
packages within the package template (step 2210, FIG. 22A).
[0206] At step 2210, after the system completes its analysis for
the packages within the package template, the system selects one of
the packages remaining in the package template (step 2218, FIG.
22C), and selects an entity from the package (step 2220). The
system receives an indication from the designer whether the entity
is required for the interface (step 2222). If the entity is not
required for the interface, the system removes the entity from the
package template (step 2224). The system then continues this
analysis for the remaining entities within the package (step 2226),
and for the remaining packages within the package template (step
2228).
[0207] If, at step 2222, the entity is required for the interface,
the system retrieves the cardinality between a superordinate entity
and the entity from the business object model (step 2230, FIG.
22D). The system also receives an indication of the cardinality
between the superordinate entity and the entity from the designer
(step 2232). The system then determines whether the received
cardinality is a subset of the business object model cardinality
(step 2234). If the received cardinality is not a subset of the
business object model cardinality, the system sends an error
message to the designer (step 2236). If the received cardinality is
a subset of the business object model cardinality, the system
assigns the received cardinality as the cardinality between the
superordinate entity and the entity (step 2238). The system then
continues this analysis for the remaining entities within the
package (step 2226, FIG. 22C), and for the remaining packages
within the package template (step 2228).
[0208] The system then selects a leading object from the package
template (step 2240, FIG. 22E). The system determines whether there
is an entity superordinate to the leading object (step 2242). If
the system determines that there is an entity superordinate to the
leading object, the system reverses the direction of the dependency
(step 2244) and adjusts the cardinality between the leading object
and the entity (step 2246). The system performs this analysis for
entities that are superordinate to the leading object (step 2242).
If the system determines that there are no entities superordinate
to the leading object, the system identifies the leading object as
analyzed (step 2248).
[0209] The system then selects an entity that is subordinate to the
leading object (step 2250, FIG. 22F). The system determines whether
any non-analyzed entities are superordinate to the selected entity
(step 2252). If a non-analyzed entity is superordinate to the
selected entity, the system reverses the direction of the
dependency (step 2254) and adjusts the cardinality between the
selected entity and the non-analyzed entity (step 2256). The system
performs this analysis for non-analyzed entities that are
superordinate to the selected entity (step 2252). If the system
determines that there are no non-analyzed entities superordinate to
the selected entity, the system identifies the selected entity as
analyzed (step 2258), and continues this analysis for entities that
are subordinate to the leading object (step 2260). After the
packages have been analyzed, the system substitutes the
BusinessTransactionDocument ("BTD") in the package template with
the name of the interface (step 2262). This includes the "BTD" in
the BTDItem package and the "BTD" in the BTDItemScheduleLine
package.
[0210] 6. Use of an Interface
[0211] The XI stores the interfaces (as an interface type). At
runtime, the sending party's program instantiates the interface to
create a business document, and sends the business document in a
message to the recipient. The messages are preferably defined using
XML. In the example depicted in FIG. 23, the Buyer 2300 uses an
application 2306 in its system to instantiate an interface 2308 and
create an interface object or business document object 2310. The
Buyer's application 2306 uses data that is in the sender's
component-specific structure and fills the business document object
2310 with the data. The Buyer's application 2306 then adds message
identification 2312 to the business document and places the
business document into a message 2302. The Buyer's application 2306
sends the message 2302 to the Vendor 2304. The Vendor 2304 uses an
application 2314 in its system to receive the message 2302 and
store the business document into its own memory. The Vendor's
application 2314 unpacks the message 2302 using the corresponding
interface 2316 stored in its XI to obtain the relevant data from
the interface object or business document object 2318.
[0212] From the component's perspective, the interface is
represented by an interface proxy 2400, as depicted in FIG. 24. The
proxies 2400 shield the components 2402 of the sender and recipient
from the technical details of sending messages 2404 via XI. In
particular, as depicted in FIG. 25, at the sending end, the Buyer
2500 uses an application 2510 in its system to call an implemented
method 2512, which generates the outbound proxy 2506. The outbound
proxy 2506 parses the internal data structure of the components and
converts them to the XML structure in accordance with the business
document object. The outbound proxy 2506 packs the document into a
message 2502. Transport, routing and mapping the XML message to the
recipient 28304 is done by the routing system (XI, modeling
environment 516, etc.).
[0213] When the message arrives, the recipient's inbound proxy 2508
calls its component-specific method 2514 for creating a document.
The proxy 2508 at the receiving end downloads the data and converts
the XML structure into the internal data structure of the recipient
component 2504 for further processing.
[0214] As depicted in FIG. 26A, a message 2600 includes a message
header 2602 and a business document 2604. The message 2600 also may
include an attachment 2606. For example, the sender may attach
technical drawings, detailed specifications or pictures of a
product to a purchase order for the product. The business document
2604 includes a business document message header 2608 and the
business document object 2610. The business document message header
2608 includes administrative data, such as the message ID and a
message description. As discussed above, the structure 2612 of the
business document object 2610 is derived from the business object
model 2614. Thus, there is a strong correlation between the
structure of the business document object and the structure of the
business object model. The business document object 2610 forms the
core of the message 2600.
[0215] In collaborative processes as well as Q&A processes,
messages should refer to documents from previous messages. A simple
business document object ID or object ID is insufficient to
identify individual messages uniquely because several versions of
the same business document object can be sent during a transaction.
A business document object ID with a version number also is
insufficient because the same version of a business document object
can be sent several times. Thus, messages require several
identifiers during the course of a transaction.
[0216] As depicted in FIG. 26B, the message header 2618 in message
2616 includes a technical ID ("ID4") 2622 that identifies the
address for a computer to route the message. The sender's system
manages the technical ID 2622.
[0217] The administrative information in the business document
message header 2624 of the payload or business document 2620
includes a BusinessDocumentMessageID ("ID3") 2628. The business
entity or component 2632 of the business entity manages and sets
the BusinessDocumentMessageID 2628. The business entity or
component 2632 also can refer to other business documents using the
BusinessDocumentMessageID 2628. The receiving component 2632
requires no knowledge regarding the structure of this ID. The
BusinessDocumentMessageID 2628 is, as an ID, unique. Creation of a
message refers to a point in time. No versioning is typically
expressed by the ID. Besides the BusinessDocumentMessageID 2628,
there also is a business document object ID 2630, which may include
versions.
[0218] The component 2632 also adds its own component object ID
2634 when the business document object is stored in the component.
The component object ID 2634 identifies the business document
object when it is stored within the component. However, not all
communication partners may be aware of the internal structure of
the component object ID 2634. Some components also may include a
versioning in their ID 2634.
[0219] 7. Use of Interfaces Across Industries
[0220] Methods and systems consistent with the subject matter
described herein provide interfaces that may be used across
different business areas for different industries. Indeed, the
interfaces derived using methods and systems consistent with the
subject matter described herein may be mapped onto the interfaces
of different industry standards. Unlike the interfaces provided by
any given standard that do not include the interfaces required by
other standards, methods and systems consistent with the subject
matter described herein provide a set of consistent interfaces that
correspond to the interfaces provided by different industry
standards. Due to the different fields provided by each standard,
the interface from one standard does not easily map onto another
standard. By comparison, to map onto the different industry
standards, the interfaces derived using methods and systems
consistent with the subject matter described herein include most of
the fields provided by the interfaces of different industry
standards. Missing fields may easily be included into the business
object model. Thus, by derivation, the interfaces can be extended
consistently by these fields. Thus, methods and systems consistent
with the subject matter described herein provide consistent
interfaces or services that can be used across different industry
standards.
[0221] For example, FIG. 28 illustrates an example method 2800 for
service enabling. In this example, the enterprise services
infrastructure may offer one common and standard-based service
infrastructure. Further, one central enterprise services repository
may support uniform service definition, implementation and usage of
services for user interface, and cross-application communication.
In step 2801, a business object is defined via a process component
model in a process modeling phase. Next, in step 2802, the business
object is designed within an enterprise services repository. For
example, FIG. 29 provides a graphical representation of one of the
business objects 2900. As shown, an innermost layer or kernel 2901
of the business object may represent the business object's inherent
data. Inherent data may include, for example, an employee's name,
age, status, position, address, etc. A second layer 2902 may be
considered the business object's logic. Thus, the layer 2902
includes the rules for consistently embedding the business object
in a system environment as well as constraints defining values and
domains applicable to the business object. For example, one such
constraint may limit sale of an item only to a customer with whom a
company has a business relationship. A third layer 2903 includes
validation options for accessing the business object. For example,
the third layer 2903 defines the business object's interface that
may be interfaced by other business objects or applications. A
fourth layer 2904 is the access layer that defines technologies
that may externally access the business object.
[0222] Accordingly, the third layer 2903 separates the inherent
data of the first layer 2901 and the technologies used to access
the inherent data. As a result of the described structure, the
business object reveals only an interface that includes a set of
clearly defined methods. Thus, applications access the business
object via those defined methods. An application wanting access to
the business object and the data associated therewith usually
includes the information or data to execute the clearly defined
methods of the business object's interface. Such clearly defined
methods of the business object's interface represent the business
object's behavior. That is, when the methods are executed, the
methods may change the business object's data. Therefore, an
application may utilize any business object by providing the
information or data without having any concern for the details
related to the internal operation of the business object. Returning
to method 2800, a service provider class and data dictionary
elements are generated within a development environment at step
2803. In step 2804, the service provider class is implemented
within the development environment.
[0223] FIG. 30 illustrates an example method 3000 for a process
agent framework. For example, the process agent framework may be
the basic infrastructure to integrate business processes located in
different deployment units. It may support a loose coupling of
these processes by message based integration. A process agent may
encapsulate the process integration logic and separate it from
business logic of business objects. As shown in FIG. 30, an
integration scenario and a process component interaction model are
defined during a process modeling phase in step 3001. In step 3002,
required interface operations and process agents are identified
during the process modeling phase also. Next, in step 3003, a
service interface, service interface operations, and the related
process agent are created within an enterprise services repository
as defined in the process modeling phase. In step 3004, a proxy
class for the service interface is generated. Next, in step 3005, a
process agent class is created and the process agent is registered.
In step 3006, the agent class is implemented within a development
environment.
[0224] FIG. 31 illustrates an example method 3100 for status and
action management (S&AM). For example, status and action
management may describe the life cycle of a business object (node)
by defining actions and statuses (as their result) of the business
object (node), as well as, the constraints that the statuses put on
the actions. In step 3101, the status and action management schemas
are modeled per a relevant business object node within an
enterprise services repository. In step 3102, existing statuses and
actions from the business object model are used or new statuses and
actions are created. Next, in step 3103, the schemas are simulated
to verify correctness and completeness. In step 3104, missing
actions, statuses, and derivations are created in the business
object model with the enterprise services repository. Continuing
with method 3100, the statuses are related to corresponding
elements in the node in step 3105. In step 3106, status code GDT's
are generated, including constants and code list providers. Next,
in step 3107, a proxy class for a business object service provider
is generated and the proxy class S&AM schemas are imported. In
step 3108, the service provider is implemented and the status and
action management runtime interface is called from the actions.
[0225] Regardless of the particular hardware or software
architecture used, the disclosed systems or software are generally
capable of implementing business objects and deriving (or otherwise
utilizing) consistent interfaces that are suitable for use across
industries, across businesses, and across different departments
within a business in accordance with some or all of the following
description. In short, system 100 contemplates using any
appropriate combination and arrangement of logical elements to
implement some or all of the described functionality.
[0226] Moreover, the preceding flowcharts and accompanying
description illustrate example methods. The present services
environment contemplates using or implementing any suitable
technique for performing these and other tasks. It will be
understood that these methods are for illustration purposes only
and that the described or similar techniques may be performed at
any appropriate time, including concurrently, individually, or in
combination. In addition, many of the steps in these flowcharts may
take place simultaneously and/or in different orders than as shown.
Moreover, the services environment may use methods with additional
steps, fewer steps, and/or different steps, so long as the methods
remain appropriate.
[0227] FIGS. 32-1 through 32-6 depict an example object model for a
business object Property Library 32000. The business object 32000
has relationships with an Identity object 32002, as shown with
lines and arrows. The business object 32000 hierarchically
comprises elements 32004-32044. The Identity object 32002 includes
an Identity element 32046 as shown.
[0228] The business object Property Library is a library of
properties that represent object qualities, which can be reused to
further describe instances or groups of business objects in
specific application areas. The business object Property Library
belongs to the process component Property Management. Properties
represent instance- or group-specific qualities of an object, and
can be attached to business objects using business object Property
List instances. Properties from a Property Library can be used to
describe product requirements in the Product Requirement
Specification Template business object, and to describe actual
(physical) values of an identified stock. The information included
in a property library can be roughly divided into two parts,
Property data types and Properties. Property data types define data
types that can be used for properties of a property library.
Properties define properties of a property library. The elements
located at the node Property Library are defined by the data type
PropertyLibraryElements, and may include UUID and ID. UUID is a
unique identifier for a property library. UUID may be an
alternative key and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID. ID is an
identifier for a property library. ID may be an alternative key and
may be based on datatype GDT: PropertyLibraryID. The following
composition relationships to subordinate nodes exist: Name,
PropertyDataType, Property, and PropertyGroup, each with a
cardinality of 1:CN. PropertyDataType may be filtered, and may
include filter elements defined by the data type
PropertyUsageFilterElements, such as PropertyUsageCode.
PropertyUsageCode is usage of a property or a property data type in
a business context. PropertyUsageCode may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: PropertyUsageCode. Property may be filtered,
and may include filter elements defined by the data type
PropertyUsageFilterElements, such as PropertyUsageCode.
PropertyUsageCode is usage of a property or a property data type in
a business context. PropertyUsageCode may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: PropertyUsageCode. To the business object
Property Library/node Property, a specialization association for
navigation MainProperty may exist, with a target cardinality of CN.
MainProperty may be related to an association with main properties
of a property library. A Select All query returns node IDs of
instances of a node. For example, such a query can be used to
enable an initial load of data for a Fast Search Infrastructure
(FSI).
[0229] Name is a language-specific designation for a property
library. The elements located at the node Name are defined by the
data type PropertyLibraryNameElements, and may include Name. Name
is a language-specific designation for a property library, and may
be based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name, with a qualifier of
PropertyLibrary.
[0230] Property Data Type is a data type of a property. Property
Data Type describes the syntax of values and can contain a list of
permitted values. Property Data Type occurs in the following
(complete, disjoint) specializations: Simple Property Data Type,
and Composite Property Data Type. For example, specialization type
Property Data Type may be implemented by Type Attribute. The
elements located at the node Property Data Type are defined by the
data type PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeElements, and may include
VersionUUID, ID, VersionID, SystemAdminstrativeData, FormatCode,
ValueDomainRestrictedIndicator, QuantityTypeCode,
BaseMeasureUnitCode, FractionalDigitNumberValue, Status, and
VersionKey. VersionUUID is a unique identifier of a version of a
property data type. VersionUUID may be an alternative key and may
be based on datatype GDT: UUID. ID is an identifier for a property
data type, and may be similar across versions. ID may be based on
datatype GDT: PropertyDataTypeID. VersionID is an identifier for a
version of a property data type. VersionID may be optional and may
be based on datatype GDT: VersionID. SystemAdministrativeData is
administrative data stored within a system, and may include system
users and time of creation/change. SystemAdministrativeData may be
based on datatype GDT: SystemAdministrativeData. FormatCode is
related to formatting of a property data type. FormatCode may be
based on datatype GDT: PropertyDataTypeFormatCode.
ValueDomainRestrictedIndicator is an indicator that specifies
whether or not a value domain of a property data type is
restricted. A value domain is a set of possible values that can be
used for an actual valuation. ValueDomainRestrictedIndicator may be
based on datatype GDT: Indicator, with a qualifier of Restricted.
QuantityTypeCode is a type of quantity a data type defines that is
based on a measurable characteristic of an object or physical
phenomenon. QuantityTypeCode may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: QuantityTypeCode. BaseMeasureUnitCode is a base unit
of measure. BaseMeasureUnitCode may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: MeasureUnitCode, with a qualifier of Base.
FractionalDigitNumberValue is a number of decimal places.
FractionalDigitNumberValue may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: NumberValue, with a qualifier of Digit. Status is
status information of a property, may be based on the data type
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeStatus, and may include
LifeCycleStatusCode and ConsistencyStatusCode. LifeCycleStatusCode
is a current step in the life cycle of a property data type, and
may be based on datatype GDT: PropertyDataTypeLifeCycleStatusCode.
ConsistencyStatusCode is a consistency status of a property data
type, and may be based on datatype GDT: ConsistencyStatusCode.
VersionKey is an alternative key to access a property data type by
its ID, host object node UUID, and version ID. VersionKey may be
optional and may be based on datatype KDT:
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionKey. VersionKey may include
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeID, PropertyLibraryUUID, and
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeID is an identifier for the property
data type, and may be based on datatype GDT: PropertyDataTypeID.
PropertyLibraryUUID is a unique identifier for the property
library, and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID is an identifier for the
version of the property data type.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID may be optional, and may
be based on datatype GDT: VersionID. The following composition
relationships to subordinate nodes may exist: PropertyDataTypeName,
with a cardinality of 1:CN; PropertyDataTypeValue, with a
cardinality of 1:CN; PropertyDataTypeUsage, with a cardinality of
1:CN; and PropertyDataTypeComponentPropertyReference, with a
cardinality of 1:CN. From the business object Identity/node
Identity, the following inbound association relationships may
exist: CreationIdentity and LastChangeIdentity. CreationIdentity
has a cardinality of 1:CN, and may include a reference to an
Identity that created a property data type. LastChangeIdentity has
a cardinality of 1:CN, and may include a reference to an Identity
that performed the last change on a property data type. The
following enterprise service infrastructure actions may exist: Copy
and Activate. Copy can copy property data type instances including
subordinate node instances. The IDs of copies are set to an
auto-generated value. A new instance (copy) is created. Activate
can activate a property data type. Generally, a precondition of
Activate includes a LifeCycleStatusCode as "In Preparation". In
case the data type value domain is unrestricted, values may not be
maintained. Changes to the status include changing
LifeCycleStatusCode to "Active". A Query By ID returns a list of
property data types that correspond to given identifiers, name,
format code, and status. The query elements are defined by the data
type PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeIDQueryElements, and may
include SearchText, ID, VersionID, PropertyLibraryID, FormatCode,
Name, Status, and PropertyUsageCode. SearchText is free text
including one or more words (terms) to search for property data
types. Different terms of the search text are matched against a
subset of the query parameters, and property data type instances
are returned as if all the terms were specified in each query
parameter. SearchText may be optional and may be based on datatype
GDT: SearchText. ID is an identifier for a property data type, and
may be similar across versions. ID may be optional, and may be
based on datatype GDT: PropertyDataTypeID. VersionID is an
identifier for a version of a property data type. VersionID may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: VersionID.
PropertyLibraryID is an identifier for the property library.
PropertyLibraryID may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyLibraryID. FormatCode is related to formatting of a
property data type. FormatCode may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyDataTypeFormatCode. Name is language-specific text for a
property data type. Name may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: LANGUAGEINDEPENDENT_EXTENDED_Name. Status is status
information of a property, may be optional, may be based on the
data type QueryIDT:
QueryElementPropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeStatus, and may include
LifeCycleStatusCode and ConsistencyStatusCode. LifeCycleStatusCode
is a current step in the life cycle of a property data type, may be
optional, and may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyDataTypeLifeCycleStatusCode. ConsistencyStatusCode is a
consistency status of a property data type, may be optional, and
may be based on datatype GDT: ConsistencyStatusCode.
PropertyUsageCode is a coded representation of the use of a
property data type. PropertyUsageCode may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: PropertyUsageCode.
[0231] Simple Property Data Type is an unstructured property data
type. Properties with a simple data type can be valuated with a
concrete value.
[0232] Composite Property Data Type is a structured property data
type that includes sub-objects or components. Components can be
valuated with a concrete value, for example, if the components have
a simple data type.
[0233] Property Data Type Name is a language-specific designation
for a property data type. The elements located at the node Property
Data Type Name are defined by the data type
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeNameElements, and may include Name.
Name is a language-specific short text for a property data type.
Name may be based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name, with a qualifier
of PropertyDataType.
[0234] Property Data Type Value is a definition of a data type
value that is included in a valuation of associated properties. If
no values are specified and a ValueDomainRestrictedIndicator is not
set, there are generally no restrictions with regard to values
allowed in a valuation, with the possible exception of format
specifications for a data type. The elements located at the node
Property Data Type Value are defined by the data type
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueElements, and may include UUID,
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode, LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue,
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue, and OrdinalNumberValue. UUID is a
unique identifier for a property data type value. UUID may be an
alternative key and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode is an interval boundary type.
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode may be based on datatype GDT:
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode. LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue is a
lower boundary property data type value. Lower boundary property
data type values can be used to store single values.
LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be optional and may be based
on datatype GDT: ObjectPropertyValue, with a qualifier of
LowerBoundary. UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue is an upper
boundary property data type value. UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue
may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue. OrdinalNumberValue is a position
of a value in a list. OrdinalNumberValue may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: OrdinalNumberValue. The following
composition relationships to subordinate nodes exist:
PropertyDataTypeValueAttachmentFolder, with a cardinality of 1:C;
PropertyDataTypeValueTextCollection, with a cardinality of 1:C; and
PropertyDataTypeValueName, with a cardinality of 1:CN. Enterprise
Service Infrastructure Actions include a Move action that can move
property data type values to another position in a list of property
data type values of a property data type. Generally, ordinal number
values of an affected property data type values are changed. Action
elements are defined by the data type:
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueMoveActionElements, and may
include RelativeOrdinalNumberValue. RelativeOrdinalNumberValue is a
number of property data type values by which a property data type
value should be moved forward or backward, starting from the
current position. RelativeOrdinalNumberValue may be based on
datatype GDT: RelativeOrdinalNumberValue.
[0235] Property Data Type Value Attachment Folder is a collection
of documents (e.g., pictures) additionally attached to a property
data type value. For example, an attachment could be a picture
showing paint colors.
[0236] Property Data Type Value Text Collection is a collection of
natural-language specific texts with additional information about a
value of a property data type. For example, such text may include
formatting information, and can be used for different purposes
depending on use case.
[0237] Property Data Type Value Name is a language-specific
designation for a value of a property data type. The elements
located at the node Property Data Type Value Name are defined by
the data type PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueNameElements, and
may include Name. Name is language-specific text for a property
data type value, and may be based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name,
with a qualifier of PropertyDataTypeValue.
[0238] Property Data Type Usage is a description of an objective
business aspect of a property data type. The elements located at
the node Property Data Type Usage are defined by the data type
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeUsageElements, and may include
PropertyUsageCode. PropertyUsageCode is a coded representation of
the use of a property data type, and may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyUsageCode.
[0239] Property Data Type Component Property Reference is a
reference to a component property of a composite property data
type. The elements located at the node Property Data Type Component
Property Reference are defined by the data type
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeComponentPropertyReferenceElements,
and may include PropertyVersionUUID and OrdinalNumberValue.
PropertyVersionUUID is a unique identifier for a referenced
property. PropertyVersionUUID may be an alternative key and may be
based on datatype GDT: UUID. OrdinalNumberValue is a position of a
property data type component within a structured property data
type. OrdinalNumberValue may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: OrdinalNumberValue. From the business object Property
Library/node Property, a ComponentProperty inbound aggregation
relationship may exist. ComponentProperty has a cardinality of 1:C,
and may be related to a component property specified by a property
data type component property reference.
[0240] Property is an object attribute which may occur in the
following (complete, disjoint) specializations: Main Property and
Component Property. Specialization type Property may be implemented
by Type Attribute. Properties are similar to business object node
elements in the respect that they may define additional "fields",
including semantics, for which values can be entered when
maintaining instances of the affected business objects/business
object nodes. A difference is that Properties are generally not
defined using software design tools, and that Properties generally
do not apply to (and are generally not visible for) all instances
of business objects of the same type, especially in regard to
cross-client or cross-tenant. The elements located at the node
Property are defined by the data type
PropertyLibraryPropertyElements, and may include VersionUUID, ID,
VersionID, MainIndicator, MultipleValueIndicator,
ObjectNodeElementPropertyReference, DataTypeVersionUUID,
DataTypeVersionKey, SystemAdministrativeData, Status, and
VersionKey. VersionUUID is a unique identifier of a version of a
property. VersionUUID may be an alternative key and may be based on
datatype GDT: UUID. ID is an identifier for a property, and may be
similar across versions. ID may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyID. VersionID is an identifier for a version of a property.
VersionID may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
VersionID. MainIndicator is an indicator that specifies whether or
not a property is a main property. MainIndicator may be based on
datatype GDT: Indicator, with a qualifier of Main.
MultipleValueIndicator is an indicator that specifies whether or
not a property can contain a list of values. MultipleValueIndicator
may be based on datatype GDT: Indicator, with a qualifier of
PropertyMultipleValue. ObjectNodeElementPropertyReference is a
reference to a business object node element to which the property
refers. ObjectNodeElementPropertyReference may be optional, and may
be based on datatype GDT: ObjectNodeElementPropertyReference. In
general, elements ObjectTypeCode, ObjectNodeTypeCode and
ObjectNodeElementName can be used. DataTypeVersionUUID is a unique
identifier of a property's data type. DataTypeVersionUUID may be
based on datatype GDT: UUID. DataTypeVersionKey is an alternative
key of a property's data type, may be optional, and may be based on
data type PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionKey.
DataTypeVersionKey may include PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeID,
PropertyLibraryUUID, and PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeID is an identifier for the property
data type, and may be based on datatype GDT: PropertyDataTypeID.
PropertyLibraryUUID is a unique identifier for a property library,
and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID is an identifier for a
version of a property data type.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: VersionID. SystemAdministrativeData is
administrative data stored within a system, and may include system
users and time of creation/change. SystemAdministrativeData may be
based on datatype GDT: SystemAdministrativeData. Status is status
information of a property, may be based on the datatype
PropertyLibraryPropertyStatus, and may include LifeCycleStatusCode
and ConsistencyStatusCode. LifeCycleStatusCode is a current step in
the life cycle of a property, and may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyLifeCycleStatusCode. ConsistencyStatusCode is a consistency
status of a property, and may be based on datatype GDT:
ConsistencyStatusCode. VersionKey is an alternative key to access a
property by property ID, property library UUID, parent property
data type UUID, and version ID. VersionKey may be optional and may
be based on datatype KDT: PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey.
VersionKey may include PropertyLibraryPropertyID,
PropertyLibraryUUID,
PropertyLibraryParentPropertyDataTypeVersionID, and
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionID. PropertyLibraryPropertyID is an
identifier for a property in a property library, and may be based
on datatype GDT: PropertyID. PropertyLibraryUUID is a unique
identifier for the property library, and may be based on datatype
GDT: UUID). PropertyLibraryParentPropertyDataTypeVersionUUID is a
unique identifier for a property data type of which a property is a
component. PropertyLibraryParentPropertyDataTypeVersionUUID may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionID is an identifier for the version
of a property. PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionID may be optional and
may be based on datatype GDT: VersionID. The following composition
relationships to subordinate nodes exist: PropertyUsage, with a
cardinality of 1:CN; PropertyName, with a cardinality of 1:CN; and
PropertyTextCollection, with a cardinality of 1:C. From the
business object Identity/node Identity, inbound association
relationships may exist, including CreationIdentity and
LastChangeIdentity. CreationIdentity has a cardinality of 1:CN and
may include a reference to an Identity that created a property.
LastChangeIdentity has a cardinality of 1:CN and may include a
reference to an Identity that performed the last change on a
property. From the business object Property Library/node Property
Data Type, a PropertyDataType inbound association relationship may
exist. PropertyDataType has a cardinality of 1:CN and may include a
reference to a data type definition of a property. To the business
object Property Library/node Property Group, a specialization
association for navigation PropertyGroupTarget may exist, with a
cardinality of CN. PropertyGroupTarget may include an association
with property groups a property is assigned to. Enterprise service
infrastructure actions may include Copy and Activate actions. Copy
can copy property instances, including subordinate node instances.
For example, if business configuration requests an auto-generation
of IDs or if no ID is provided, IDs of the copies may be
auto-generated. If a property data type is not shared between copy
and original, for example, a property data type reference of a copy
can set to initial. The action elements are defined by the data
type: PropertyLibraryPropertyCopyActionElements. These elements may
include PropertyDataTypeReferenceExcludeIndicator.
PropertyDataTypeReferenceExcludeIndicator is an indicator that
specifies whether or not a property's data type reference should be
excluded when copying a property.
PropertyDataTypeReferenceExcludeIndicator may be based on datatype
GDT: Indicator, with a qualifier of Exclude. Activate can activate
a property. A precondition of Activate may include a
LifeCycleStatusCode of "In Preparation". Changes to status may
include changing LifeCycleStatusCode to "Active."
[0241] Property Queries include Query By Elements and Query By ID.
Query By Elements returns a list of properties that correspond to
the given identifiers, name, long text, administrative data, and
status as well as the identifiers, format code, value, and value
name of an underlying property data type. Query elements are
defined by the data type:
PropertyLibraryPropertyElementsQueryElements, and may include
SearchText, ID, VersionID, LibraryID, LibraryUUID, MainIndicator,
Status, DataTypeVersionUUID, DataTypeVersionKey,
SystemAdministrativeData, Name, TextCollectionText,
PropertyDataTypeFormatCode, ObjectPropertyValue,
ObjectPropertyValueName, UsageCode, and PropertyGroupName.
SearchText is free text including one or more words (terms) to
search for properties. The different terms of the search text are
matched against a subset of query parameters, and property
instances are returned as if all the terms were specified in each
query parameter. SearchText may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: SearchText. ID is an identifier for a property, and
may be independent of a version. ID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: PropertyID. VersionID is an identifier for a
version of a property. VersionID may be optional and may be based
on datatype GDT: VersionID. LibraryID is an identifier for a
property library. LibraryID may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: PropertyLibraryID. LibraryUUID is a unique identifier
for a property library. LibraryUUID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: UUID. MainIndicator is an indicator that
states whether or not a property is a main property. MainIndicator
may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT: Indicator, with a
qualifier of Main. Status is status information of a property.
Status may be optional, may be based on the datatype QueryIDT:
QueryElementPropertyLibraryPropertyStatus, and may include
LifeCycleStatusCode and ConsistencyStatusCode. LifeCycleStatusCode
is a current step in the life cycle of a property.
LifeCycleStatusCode may be optional and may be based on datatype
GDT: PropertyLifeCycleStatusCode. ConsistencyStatusCode is a
consistency status of a property. ConsistencyStatusCode may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: ConsistencyStatusCode.
DataTypeVersionUUID is a unique identifier of a property's data
type. DataTypeVersionUUID may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: UUID. DataTypeVersionKey is an alternative key for a
property's data type. DataTypeVersionKey may be optional, may be
based on datatype KDT: PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionKey,
and may include PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeID,
PropertyLibraryUUID, and PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeID is an identifier for a property
data type, and may be based on datatype GDT: PropertyDataTypeID.
PropertyLibraryUUID is a unique identifier for a property library,
and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID is an identifier for a
version of a property data type.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: VersionID. SystemAdministrativeData is
administrative data stored within a system, including such data as
system users and time of creation/change. SystemAdministrativeData
may be optional, may be based on QueryIDT:
QueryElementSystemAdministrativeData, and may include
CreationDateTime, CreationIdentityUUID, CreationIdentityID,
CreationIdentityBusinessPartnerInternalID,
CreationIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonFamilyName,
CreationIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonGivenName,
CreationIdentityEmployeeID, LastChangeDateTime,
LastChangeIdentityUUID, LastChangeIdentityID,
LastChangeIdentityBusinessPartnerinternalID,
LastChangeIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonFamilyName,
LastChangeIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonGivenName, and
LastChangeIdentityEmployeeID. CreationDateTime is a point in time
(e.g., a date and time stamp) of creation. CreationDateTime may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: GLOBAL_DateTime.
CreationIdentityUUID is a unique identifier for an identity of a
creator. CreationIdentityUUID may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: UUID. CreationIdentityID is an identifier for an
identity of a creator. CreationIdentityID may be optional and may
be based on datatype GDT: IdentityID.
CreationIdentityBusinessPartnerInternalID is a proprietary
identifier for a business partner that is attributed to a creation
identity and that can be reached following relationships of the
creation identity. CreationIdentityBusinessPartnerInternalID may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
BusinessPartnerInternalID.
CreationIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonFamilyName is a family name of
a business partner of a category person that is attributed to a
creation identity and that can be reached following relationships
of the creation identity.
CreationIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonFamilyName may be optional and
may be based on datatype GDT: LANGUAGEINDEPENDENT_MEDIUM_Name.
CreationIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonGivenName is a given name of a
business partner of a category person that is attributed to a
creation identity and that can be reached following relationships
of the creation identity.
CreationIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonGivenName may be optional and
may be based on datatype GDT: LANGUAGEINDEPENDENT_MEDIUM_Name.
CreationIdentityEmployeeID is an identifier for an employee that is
attributed to a creation identity and that can be reached following
relationships of the creation identity. CreationIdentityEmployeeID
may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT: EmployeeID.
LastChangeDateTime is a point in time (e.e., a date and time stamp)
of the last change. LastChangeDateTime may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: GLOBAL_DateTime. LastChangeIdentityUUID is a
unique identifier for an identity of who made the last changes.
LastChangeIdentityUUID may be optional and may be based on datatype
GDT: UUID. LastChangeIdentityID is an identifier for an identity of
who made the last changes. LastChangeIdentityID may be optional and
may be based on datatype GDT: IdentityID.
LastChangeIdentityBusinessPartnerInternalID is a proprietary
identifier for a business partner that is attributed to the last
change identity and that can be reached following relationships of
the last change identity.
LastChangeIdentityBusinessPartnerInternalID may be optional and may
be based on datatype GDT: BusinessPartnerInternalID.
LastChangeIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonFamilyName is a family name
of a business partner of a category person that is attributed to a
last change identity and that can be reached following
relationships of the last change identity.
LastChangeIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonFamilyName may be optional
and may be based on datatype GDT: LANGUAGEINDEPENDENT_MEDIUM_Name.
LastChangeIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonGivenName is a given name of
a business partner of a category person that is attributed to a
last change identity and that can be reached following
relationships of the last change identity.
LastChangeIdentityBusinessPartnerPersonGivenName may be optional
and may be based on datatype GDT: LANGUAGEINDEPENDENT_MEDIUM_Name.
LastChangeIdentityEmployeeID is an identifier for an employee that
is attributed to a last change identity and that can be reached
following relationships of the last change identity.
LastChangeIdentityEmployeeID may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: EmployeeID. Name is language-specific text for a
property. Name may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
EXTENDED_Name, with a qualifier of Property. TextCollectionText is
language-specific text for the property, and may include formatting
information. TextCollectionText may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: LANGUAGEINDEPENDENT_Text. PropertyDataTypeFormatCode
is a format of a property's data type. PropertyDataTypeFormatCode
may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyDataTypeFormatCode. ObjectPropertyValue is a property data
type value. ObjectPropertyValue may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: ObjectPropertyValue. ObjectPropertyValueName is
language-specific text for a property data type value.
ObjectPropertyValueName may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name, with a qualifier of PropertyValue.
UsageCode is a coded representation of a use of a property.
UsageCode may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyUsageCode. PropertyGroupName is language-specific text for
a property group. PropertyGroupName may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name, with a qualifier of
PropertyGroup.
[0242] Query By ID returns a list of properties that correspond to
given identifiers, name, long text, and status as well as the
identifiers and format code of an underlying property data type.
The query elements are defined by the data type:
PropertyLibraryPropertyIDQueryElements, and may include SearchText,
ID, VersionID, LibraryID, MainIndicator, Status,
DataTypeVersionKey, Name, TextCollectionText,
PropertyDataTypeFormatCode, and UsageCode. SearchText is free text
including one or more words (terms) to search for properties. The
different terms of the search text are matched against a subset of
query parameters, and property instances are returned as if all the
terms were specified in each query parameter. SearchText may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: SearchText. ID is an
identifier for a property, and may be independent of a version. ID
may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT: PropertyID.
VersionID is an identifier for a version of a property. VersionID
may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT: VersionID.
LibraryID is an identifier for a property library. LibraryID may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: PropertyLibraryID.
MainIndicator is an indicator that states whether or not a property
is a main property. MainIndicator may be optional and may be based
on datatype GDT: Indicator, with a qualifier of Main. Status is
status information of a property. Status may be optional, may be
based on the datatype QueryIDT:
QueryElementPropertyLibraryPropertyStatus, and may include
LifeCycleStatusCode and ConsistencyStatusCode. LifeCycleStatusCode
is a current step in the life cycle of a property.
LifeCycleStatusCode may be optional and may be based on datatype
GDT: PropertyLifeCycleStatusCode. ConsistencyStatusCode is a
consistency status of a property. ConsistencyStatusCode may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: ConsistencyStatusCode.
DataTypeVersionKey is an alternative key for a property's data
type. DataTypeVersionKey may be optional, may be based on datatype
KDT: PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionKey, and may include
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeID, PropertyLibraryUUID, and
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeID is an identifier for a property
data type, and may be based on datatype GDT: PropertyDataTypeID.
PropertyLibraryUUID is a unique identifier for a property library,
and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID is an identifier for a
version of a property data type.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeVersionID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: VersionID. Name is language-specific text
for a property. Name may be optional and may be based on datatype
GDT: EXTENDED_Name, with a qualifier of Property.
TextCollectionText is language-specific text for the property, and
may include formatting information. TextCollectionText may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
LANGUAGEINDEPENDENT_Text. PropertyDataTypeFormatCode is a format
type of a property's data. PropertyDataTypeFormatCode may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyDataTypeFormatCode. UsageCode is a coded representation of
a use of a property. UsageCode may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: PropertyUsageCode.
[0243] Main Property is a property that is not used as a component
of a composite property data type. Component Property is a
component (sub-object) of a composite property data type. Property
Usage is a description of an objective business aspect of a
property. The elements located at the node Property Usage are
defined by the data type PropertyLibraryPropertyUsageElements, and
may include Code. Code is a coded representation of the use of a
property, and may be based on datatype GDT: PropertyUsageCode.
Property Name is a language-specific designation for a property.
The elements located at the node Property Name are defined by the
data type PropertyLibraryPropertyNameElements, and may include
Name. Name is a language-specific short text for the property, and
may be based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name, with a qualifier of
Property. Property Text Collection is a collection of
natural-language texts with additional information about a
property. Such text may include formatting information, and can be
used for different purposes depending on use case. Property Group
is a grouping of properties. For example, Properties can be
grouped. A group can express a common aspect of properties that are
included within the group. Additionally, Properties can belong to
multiple groups. Property groups can be displayed in a user
interface as an alternative entry point into property maintenance.
A group designation can serve as a search parameter for properties.
For example, semantically similar properties can grouped into
measurements and weights, including length, width, height, weight,
and density, etc. The elements located at the node Property Group
are defined by the data type PropertyLibraryPropertyGroupElements,
and may include UUID. UUID is a unique identifier for a property
group. UUID may be alternative key and may be based on datatype
GDT: UUID. The following composition relationships to subordinate
nodes exist: PropertyGroupName, with a cardinality of 1:CN; and
PropertyGroupProperty, with a cardinality of 1:CN. Property Group
Name is a language-specific designation for a property group. The
elements located at the node Property Group Name are defined by the
data type PropertyLibraryPropertyGroupNameElements, and may include
Name. Name is a language-specific text for a property group, and
may be based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name, with a qualifier of
PropertyGroup. Property Group Property is a reference to a property
that belongs to the property group. The elements located at the
node Property Group Property are defined by the data type
PropertyLibraryPropertyGroupPropertyElements, and may include
Property VersionUUID. PropertyVersionUUID is a unique identifier of
the property within the property library, and may be based on
datatype GDT: UUID. From the business object Property Library/node
Property, a Property inbound aggregation relationship may exist
with a cardinality of 1:CN, including a reference from a property
group property to its associated property.
[0244] FIGS. 33-1 through 33-6 depict an example object model for a
business object Property List Template 33000. The business object
33000 has relationships with other objects 33002-33004, as shown
with lines and arrows. The business object 33000 hierarchically
comprises elements 33006-33052. The other objects 33002-33004
include respective elements 33054-33062 as shown.
[0245] The business object Property List Template is a template
that comprises a possible set of nodes, relationships, attributes,
and operations for a property list and similar objects derived from
a template. A property list is a list of properties from property
libraries that are adjusted to suit one or more objects. Attributes
of the properties can be added or changed in the list. The property
list includes three components: properties from a property library
with adjusted or added information, property groups that group the
properties mainly for display reasons, and property dependencies
that define interdependencies between the properties.
[0246] Property List Template includes the following projections:
Product Property List, RFI Property List, Supplier Assessment
Property List, Supplier Property List, and Document Property List.
Product Property List is a list of properties from property
libraries that are adjusted to suit one or more products.
Attributes of the properties can be added or changed in a list. RFI
Property List is a list of pre-defined properties for a request for
information. These properties are defined in a property library and
referenced from RFI Property List. Attributes of pre-defined
properties can be added or changed in RFI Property List. Supplier
Assessment Property List is a list of pre-defined properties for a
supplier assessment. These properties are defined in a property
library and referenced from Supplier Assessment Property List.
Attributes of pre-defined properties can be added or changed in
Supplier Assessment Property List. Supplier Property List is a list
of pre-defined properties for a supplier. These properties are
defined in a property library and referenced from Supplier Property
List. Attributes of pre-defined properties can be added or changed
in Supplier Property List. Document Property List is a list of
pre-defined properties for a document. These properties are defined
in a property library and referenced from Document Property List.
Attributes of pre-defined properties can be added or changed in
Document Property List.
[0247] The elements located at the node Property List Template are
defined by a data type: PropertyListElements, and may include UUID,
HostObjectNodeReference, ConsistentIndicator,
PropertyExistsIndicator, and SystemAdministrativeData. UUID is a
unique identifier for a property list. UUID may be an alternative
key and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID. HostObjectNodeReference
is a unique reference to a host object node.
HostObjectNodeReference may be based on datatype GDT:
ObjectNodeReference, with a qualifier of Host. ConsistentIndicator
is a consistency of a property list. ConsistentIndicator may be
based on datatype GDT: Indicator, with a qualifier of Consistent. A
property list is consistent if the following conditions are
fulfilled: Referenced properties exist in a property library in
status "active"; No property is referenced more than once; Value
ranges for allowed values are consistent (e.g., upper boundary is
greater than lower boundary); Allowed values are overlap-free;
Allowed value domains are included in a value domain of properties
in a property library; Default values are included in a properties'
value domain; Properties assigned to property groups exist; A
property is not assigned more than once to the same property group;
and no property is assigned more than once to property groups
(projection specific). PropertyExistsIndicator is an indicator that
specifies whether or not at least one property exists in a property
list. PropertyExistsIndicator may be based on datatype GDT:
Indicator, with a qualifier of PropertyExists.
SystemAdministrativeData is administrative data stored within a
system. This data includes system users and time of
creation/change, and may be based on datatype GDT:
SystemAdministrativeData.
[0248] The elements of a present node are used in derived business
objects. The following composition relationships to subordinate
nodes may exist: Property Group, with a cardinality of 1:CN;
Property, with a cardinality of 1:CN; and Property Dependency, with
a cardinality of 1:CN. From the business object Identity/node
Identity, the following inbound association relationships may
exist: CreationIdentity and LastChangeIdentity. CreationIdentity
has a cardinality of 1:CN, and may be associated with a reference
to an Identity that created a property list. LastChangeIdentity has
a cardinality of 1:CN, and may be associated with a reference to an
Identity that last changed a property list. To the dependent object
Property List Template/node Property, a specialization association
for navigation UngroupedProperty may exist. UngroupedProperty has a
target cardinality of CN, and may be related to an association with
ungrouped properties of a property list.
[0249] Property Group is a grouping of properties. Properties can
be grouped. A group expresses a common aspect of properties that
are included within the group. The elements located at the node
Property Group are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyGroupElements, and may include UUID and
OrdinalNumberValue. UUID is a universally unique identifier for the
property group. UUID may be an alternative key and may be based on
datatype GDT: UUID. OrdinalNumberValue is a position of a property
group within a property list. OrdinalNumberValue may be optional
and may be based on datatype GDT: OrdinalNumberValue. Property
groups may be sorted within a property list and properties within
groups. OrdinalNumberValue may be used in derived business objects
Supplier Property List, Document Property List, and Product
Property List. UUID may be used in derived business objects
Supplier Property List, Document Property List, and Product
Property List. The following composition relationships to
subordinate nodes exist: Property Group Name, with a cardinality of
1:CN; and Property Group Property, with a cardinality of 1:CN.
Enterprise Service Infrastructure Actions include Move. Move can
move a property group to another position in a property list.
Object changes include changing an Ordinal Number Value of affected
property groups. Action elements are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyGroupMoveActionElements, and may include
RelativeOrdinalNumberValue. RelativeOrdinalNumberValue is a number
of property groups by which a property group should be moved
forward or backward, starting from a current position.
RelativeOrdinalNumberValue may be based on datatype GDT:
RelativeOrdinalNumberValue. Action parameter
RelativeOrdinalNumberValue may be used in derived business objects
Supplier Property List, Document Property List, and Product
Property List. Action Move may be used in derived business objects
Supplier Property List, Document Property List, and Product
Property List.
[0250] Property Group Name is a language-specific designation for a
property group. The elements located at the node Property Group
Name are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyGroupNameElements, and may include Name. Name
is a language-specific short text for the property group, and may
be based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name. Name may be used in
derived business objects Supplier Property List, Document Property
List, and Product Property List.
[0251] Property Group Property is a reference to a property from a
property list that belongs to a property group. Properties within a
property group may be sorted. The elements located at the node
Property Group Property are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyGroupPropertyElements, and may include
PropertyUUID, PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID, and
OrdinalNumberValue. PropertyUUID is a unique identifier of a
property within a property list. The property within the property
list may be itself a reference to the property within the property
library. PropertyUUID may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID is a unique identifier of a
property within a property list, and may be based on datatype GDT:
UUID. OrdinalNumberValue specifies a position of a property within
a property group. The property groups may be sorted within the
property list and the properties within the groups.
OrdinalNumberValue may be optional and may be based on datatype
GDT: OrdinalNumberValue. OrdinalNumberValue may be used in derived
business objects Supplier Property List, Document Property List,
and Product Property List. PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID may
be used in derived business objects Supplier Property List,
Document Property List, and Product Property List. PropertyUUID may
be used in derived business objects Supplier Property List,
Document Property List, and Product Property List. From the
business object Property Library/node Property, an inbound
aggregation relationship PropertyLibraryProperty may exist.
PropertyLibraryProperty has a cardinality of 1:CN and may be
associated with a reference from a property group property in a
property list to a property in a property library. From the
business object Property List_Template/node Property, an inbound
aggregation relationship Property may exist. Property has a
cardinality of 1:CN and may be associated with a reference from a
property group property to its associated property in a property
list.
[0252] Property is a property from a property library that is
collected and adjusted to suit one or more objects. A property in a
property list refers to a property in a property library. Thus the
definition of a property, its data type, descriptions, values, and
value descriptions are covered by a property library. Each property
in a property list is tailored to the needs of an object that is
described by the property list. The value domain of a property in a
property library can be restricted in a property list, and default
values and additional facets (e.g., "REQUIRED") can be added.
[0253] The elements located at the node Property are defined by the
data type: PropertyListPropertyElements, and may include UUID,
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID,
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey,
UngroupedPropertyOrdinalNumberValue, ValuationRequiredIndicator,
MultipleValueIndicator, and Key. UUID is a universally unique
identifier for a property within a property list. UUID may be an
alternative key and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID is a universally unique
identifier for a property within a property library, and may be
based on datatype GDT: UUID. PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey is
an alternative key to access a property in a property library by
property ID, property library UUID, a parent property version UUID,
and a property version ID. PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey may be
optional, may be based on datatype KDT:
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey, and may include
PropertyLibraryPropertyID, PropertyLibraryUUID,
PropertyLibraryParentPropertyDataTypeVersionUUID, and
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionID. PropertyLibraryPropertyID is an
identifier for a property in a property library, and may be based
on datatype GDT: PropertyID. PropertyLibraryUUID is a globally
unique identifier for a property library, and may be based on
datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryParentPropertyDataTypeVersionUUID is a globally
unique identifier for a property data type of which business object
property is a component.
PropertyLibraryParentPropertyDataTypeVersionUUID may be optional
and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionID is an identifier for a version of
a property. PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionID may be optional and
may be based on datatype GDT: VersionID.
UngroupedPropertyOrdinalNumberValue is a value that specifies a
position of an ungrouped property in a property list. For grouped
properties, for example, a position may be specified within the
group. UngroupedPropertyOrdinalNumberValue may be optional and may
be based on datatype GDT: OrdinalNumberValue, with a qualifier of
Property. ValuationRequiredIndicator is an indicator that specifies
whether or not a value should be assigned to a property during
valuation. ValuationRequiredIndicator may be based on datatype GDT:
Indicator, with a qualifier of Required. MultipleValueIndicator is
an indicator that specifies whether or not a property can contain a
list of values. MultipleValueIndicator may be based on datatype
GDT: Indicator, with a qualifier of PropertyMultipleValue. Key is
an alternative key to access a property in a property list by
property list UUID and property version UUID. Key may be an
alternative key, may be based on datatype KDT:
PropertyListPropertyKey, and may include PropertyListUUID and
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID. PropertyListUUID is a
universally unique identifier of a property list, and may be based
on datatype GDT: UUID. PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID is a
universally unique identifier of a property version in a property
library, and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID. Key may be used in
derived business objects Supplier Property List, Supplier
Assessment Property List, Document Property List, RFI Property
List, and Product Property List. MultipleValueIndicator may be used
in derived business object Document Property List.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey may be used in derived business
objects Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment Property List,
Document Property List, RFI Property List, and Product Property
List. PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID may be used in derived
business objects Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment
Property List, Document Property List, RFI Property List, and
Product Property List. UUID may be used in derived business objects
Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment Property List, Document
Property List, RFI Property List, and Product Property List.
UngroupedPropertyOrdinalNumberValue may be used in derived business
objects Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment Property List,
Document Property List, RFI Property List, and Product Property
List. ValuationRequiredIndicator may be used in derived business
objects Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment Property List,
Document Property List, RFI Property List, and Product Property
List. The following composition relationships to subordinate nodes
may exist: Property Text Collection, with a cardinality of 1:C;
Property Name, with a cardinality of 1:CN; Property Supplier
Assessment Specification, with a cardinality of 1:C; Property
Allowed Value, with a cardinality of 1:CN; and Property Default
Value, with a cardinality of 1:C. From the business object Property
Library/node Property, a PropertyLibraryProperty inbound
aggregation relationship may exist. PropertyLibraryProperty has a
cardinality of 1:CN, and may be associated with a reference from a
property in a property list to a property in a property library.
Generally, an association to a property in a product property
library may occur in a specialization product property valuation
list.
[0254] Enterprise Service Infrastructure Actions may include Move,
Copy Data Type Values, and Reassign. Move can move a property to
another position in a property list. Object changes include
changing the ordinal number value of affected properties. Action
elements are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyMoveActionElements, and may include
RelativeOrdinalNumberValue. RelativeOrdinalNumberValue is a number
of properties by which a property should be moved forward or
backward, starting from a current position.
RelativeOrdinalNumberValue may be based on datatype GDT:
RelativeOrdinalNumberValue. Generally, action parameters may be
used in derived business objects. Copy Data Type Values can copy
property values from a data type that belongs to a property within
a property library to a property within a property list. Existing
property values within the property list may be overwritten.
Reassign can assign another property from a property library to a
property in a property list. Reassign can also be used to perform
an initial property assignment. Object changes include assigning
another property from a property library to a property in a
property list. In some implementations, one of the parameters
associated with is filled. Action elements (e.g., parameters) are
defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyReassignActionElements, and may include
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID and
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID is a universally unique
identifier for a property within a property library that is to be
assigned to a property in a property list.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID may be optional and may be based
on datatype GDT: UUID. PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey is an
alternative key for a property within a property library that is to
be assigned to a property in a property list.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey may be optional, may be based on
datatype KDT: PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionKey, and may include
PropertyLibraryPropertyID, PropertyLibraryUUID,
PropertyLibraryParentPropertyDataTypeVersionUUID, and
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionID. PropertyLibraryPropertyID is an
identifier for the property in a property library, and may be based
on datatype GDT: PropertyID. PropertyLibraryUUID is a globally
unique identifier for a property library, and may be based on
datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryParentPropertyDataTypeVersionUUID is a globally
unique identifier for a property data type of which business object
property is a component.
PropertyLibraryParentPropertyDataTypeVersionUUID may be optional
and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionID is an identifier for a version of
a property. PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionID may be optional and
may be based on datatype GDT: VersionID. Generally, actions, action
parameters, and queries of the node Property may be used in derived
business objects.
[0255] Property Text Collection is a collection of natural-language
specific texts with additional information about a property. Such
text may include formatting information, and can be used for
different purposes depending on use case.
[0256] Property Name is a word or combination of words that names a
property. The elements located at the node Property Name are
defined by the data type: PropertyListPropertyNameElements, and may
include Name. Name is a language-specific name for a property, and
may be based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name. Name may be used in
derived business object Supplier Assessment Property List.
[0257] Property Supplier Assessment Specification is a collection
of supplier assessment specific information about a property. The
elements located at the node Property Supplier Assessment
Specification are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertySupplierAssessmentSpecificationElements, and
may include SupplierAssessmentPropertyAssessmentMethodCode and
WeightingFactorValue.
SupplierAssessmentPropertyAssessmentMethodCode is a coded
representation of a property assessment method, which specifies a
method according to which a supplier assessment property is
assessed. SupplierAssessmentPropertyAssessmentMethodCode may be
based on datatype GDT:
SupplierAssessmentPropertyAssessmentMethodCode.
WeightingFactorValue is a value that specifies the weighting of a
property in a supplier assessment. WeightingFactorValue may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: WeightingFactorValue.
SupplierAssessmentPropertyAssessmentMethodCode and
WeightingFactorValue may be used in derived business object
Supplier Assessment Property List.
[0258] Property Allowed Value is an allowed property-list specific
value. A set of allowed values in a property list is called a local
value domain. The value domain of a property data type in a
property library is called a global value domain. A local value
domain is a subset of a global value domain. Local and global value
domains are positive lists of allowed property values. A property
value may be either a discrete value or a value range. The elements
located at the node Property Allowed Value are defined by the data
type: PropertyListPropertyAllowedValueElements, and may include
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode, LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue,
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue,
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID, OrdinalNumberValue, and
TextCollectionEnabledIndicator. IntervalBoundaryTypeCode is a coded
representation of an interval boundary type, and may be based on
datatype GDT: IntervalBoundaryTypeCode.
LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue is a lower boundary of a property
list allowed value. In some implementations, the lower boundary of
property list allowed value may be used to store single values.
LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be based on datatype GDT:
ObjectPropertyValue, with a qualifier of LowerBoundary.
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue is an upper boundary of a property
list allowed value. UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID is a universally unique
identifier for the property value in a property library.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: UUID. A PropertyDataTypeValueUUID can be
used to efficiently access master data such as descriptions of a
property value. For example, if a PropertyDataTypeValueUUID is
empty, there may be no master data to be read. OrdinalNumberValue
is a position of a value in a list. OrdinalNumberValue may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: OrdinalNumberValue.
TextCollectionEnabledIndicator is an indicator that specifies
whether or not a text collection can be assigned to a property
value during valuation. TextCollectionEnabledIndicator may be based
on datatype GDT: Indicator, with a qualifier of Enabled.
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode may be used in derived business objects
Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment Property List, Document
Property List, RFI Property List, and Product Property List.
LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be used in derived business
objects Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment Property List,
Document Property List, RFI Property List, and Product Property
List. OrdinalNumberValue may be used in derived business objects
Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment Property List, Document
Property List, RFI Property List, and Product Property List.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID may be used in derived
business objects Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment
Property List, Document Property List, RFI Property List, and
Product Property List. TextCollectionEnabledIndicator may be used
in derived business object Document Property List.
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be used in derived business
objects Supplier Property List, Supplier Assessment Property List,
Document Property List, RFI Property List, and Product Property
List. The following composition relationships to subordinate nodes
exist: Property Allowed Value Text Collection, with a cardinality
of 1:C, and Property Allowed Value Name, with a cardinality of
1:CN. From the business object Property Library/node Property Data
Type Value, a PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValue inbound
association relationship may exist.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValue has a cardinality of C:CN, and
may be associated with a reference from an allowed property value
in a property list to a value in a property library.
[0259] Property Allowed Value Text Collection is a collection of
natural-language specific texts with additional information about
an allowed value of a property. Such text may include formatting
information, and can be used for different purposes depending on
use case.
[0260] Property Allowed Value Name is a word or combination of
words that names an allowed property value. The elements located at
the node Property Allowed Value Name are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyAllowedValueNameElements, and may include Name.
Name is a language-specific short text for an allowed property
value, and may be based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name. Name may be
used in derived business object Supplier Assessment Property
List.
[0261] Property Default Value is a property-list specific
definition of a default value. The elements located at the node
Property Default Value are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyDefaultValueElements, and may include
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode, LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue,
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue,
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID, and OrdinalNumberValue.
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode is a coded representation of an interval
boundary type, and may be based on datatype GDT:
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode. LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue is a
lower boundary of a property list default value. In some
implementations, the lower boundary of property list default value
may be used to store single values.
LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be based on datatype GDT:
ObjectPropertyValue, with a qualifier of LowerBoundary.
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue is an upper boundary of a property
list default value. UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID is a universally unique
identifier for a property value in a property library.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: UUID. A PropertyDataTypeValueUUID may be
used to efficiently access master data such as descriptions of a
property value. For example, if a PropertyDataTypeValueUUID is
empty, there is no master data to be read. OrdinalNumberValue is a
position of a value in a list. OrdinalNumberValue may be optional
and may be based on datatype GDT: OrdinalNumberValue.
IntervalBoundaryTypeCode may be used in derived business objects
Supplier Property List, Document Property List, and Product
Property List. LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be used in
derived business objects Supplier Property List, Document Property
List, and Product Property List. OrdinalNumberValue may be used in
derived business objects Supplier Property List, Document Property
List, and Product Property List.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID may be used in derived
business objects Supplier Property List, Document Property List,
and Product Property List. UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be
used in derived business object Document Property List. From the
business object Property Library/node Property Data Type Value, a
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValue inbound association
relationship may exist. PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValue has a
cardinality of C:CN and may be associated with a reference from a
default property value in a property list to a value in a property
library. In general, for Properties that allow only a single value
during valuation, only one default value is allowed, and for
Properties that allow multiple values during valuation, multiple
default values are possible. In general, an association to a
property data type value in a product property library may occur in
a specialization product property valuation list.
[0262] Property Dependency is a description of interdependencies
between properties. Interdependencies may include property domains,
property values, and property facets.
[0263] Property Dependency may occur in a Tabular Allowed Value
Restriction (e.g., complete, disjoint) specialization.
Specialization type Property Dependency may be implemented by Type
Attribute. Property domains, property values, and property facets
may be changed dynamically during property valuation according to a
dependency. The elements located at the node Property Dependency
are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyDependencyElements, and may include UUID, ID,
TypeCode, and Status. UUID is a universally unique identifier of a
property dependency. UUID may be an alternative key and may be
based on datatype GDT: UUID. ID is a property list unique
identifier of a property dependency. ID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: PropertyDependencyID. TypeCode is a type of
a property dependency, and may be based on datatype GDT:
PropertyDependencyTypeCode. Status is status information of a
property dependency, may be based on datatype BOIDT:
PropertyListPropertyDependencyStatus, and may include
LifeCycleStatusCode and ConsistencyStatusCode. LifeCycleStatusCode
is a current step in a life cycle of a property dependency, and may
be based on datatype GDT: PropertyDependencyLifeCycleStatusCode.
ConsistencyStatusCode is a consistency status of a property
dependency, and may be based on datatype GDT:
ConsistencyStatusCode. ID, Status, TypeCode, and UUID may be used
in derived business object Product Property List. The following
composition relationships to subordinate nodes exist:
PropertyDependencyPropertyValueTableColumn, with a cardinality of
1:CN; PropertyDependencyPropertyValueTableRow, with a cardinality
of 1:CN; PropertyDependencyName, with a cardinality of 1:CN; and
PropertyDependencyTextCollection, with a cardinality of 1:C.
Enterprise Service Infrastructure Actions include Activate and
Revise. Activate can activate a property dependency. Preconditions
may include a LifeCycleStatusCode of "In Preparation" and a
ConsistencyStatusCode of "Consistent". Status changes include
changing a LifeCycleStatusCode to "Active". Revise can change a
property dependency. Preconditions may include a
LifeCycleStatusCode of "Active". Status changes include changing a
LifeCycleStatusCode to "In Preparation". Activate and Revise may be
used in derived business object Product Property List.
[0264] Tabular Allowed Value Restriction is a table of property
values that lists allowed value combinations for different
properties of a property list. Property value combinations may be
used to restrict allowed values of properties dynamically during
property valuation to the allowed property value combinations as
maintained.
[0265] Property Dependency Property Value Table Column is a column
of a table of property values. The column of a table of property
values refers to a property in a property list. The property
defines a data type of the column as well as the possible entries
in table cells. A column includes property values belonging to the
column. The elements located at the node Property Dependency
Property Value Table Column are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyDependencyPropertyValueTableColumnElements, and
may include UUID, PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID, PropertyUUID,
and OrdinalNumberValue. UUID is a universally unique identifier of
a property dependency table column. UUID may be an alternative key
and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID is a universally unique
identifier of a version of a property in a library that is linked
to a business object table column.
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID may be based on datatype GDT:
UUID. PropertyUUID is a universally unique identifier of a property
in a property list, and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID. A
PropertyUUID and a PropertyVersionUUID may refer to the same
property in a property library. OrdinalNumberValue is a value that
specifies the position of a property dependency table column in a
property dependency. OrdinalNumberValue may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: OrdinalNumberValue. OrdinalNumberValue,
PropertyLibraryPropertyVersionUUID, and UUID may be used in derived
business object Product Property List. A
PropertyDependencyPropertyValueTableColumnValue composition
relationships to subordinate nodes may exist, with a cardinality of
1:CN. From the business object Property Library/node Property, a
PropertyLibraryProperty inbound aggregation relationship may exist,
with a cardinality of 1:CN. PropertyLibraryProperty may be
associated with a reference from a property dependency property
value table column to a property in a property library. The data
type and descriptions of a property dependency property value table
column may be defined by a property in a property library. From the
business object Property List_Template/node Property, a Property
inbound aggregation relationship may exist, with a cardinality of
1:CN. Property may be associated with a reference from a property
dependency property value table column to a property in a property
list. A domain of possible values in a property dependency property
value table column may be defined by a property in a property
list.
[0266] Property Dependency Property Value Table Column Value is a
property value that belongs to a property value column and a
property value row. In general, single values may be supported. The
elements located at the node Property Dependency Property Value
Table Column Value are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyDependencyPropertyValueTableColumnValueElements,
and may include IntervalBoundaryTypeCode,
PropertyDependencyTableRowUUID, LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue,
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue, and
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID. IntervalBoundaryTypeCode
is a coded representation of an interval boundary type, and may be
based on datatype GDT: IntervalBoundaryTypeCode.
PropertyDependencyTableRowUUID is a universally unique identifier
for the property dependency table row, and may be based on datatype
GDT: UUID. LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue is a lower boundary of
a property dependency table column cell value. For example, a lower
boundary value may be used to store single values.
LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be optional and may be based
on datatype GDT: ObjectPropertyValue, with a qualifier of
LowerBoundary. UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue is an upper
boundary of a property list allowed value.
UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue may be optional and may be based
on datatype GDT: UpperBoundaryObjectPropertyValue.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID is a universally unique
identifier for a property value in a property library.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT: UUID. In some implementations, a
PropertyDataTypeValueUUID may be used to efficiently access master
data such as descriptions of the property value. For example, if a
PropertyDataTypeValueUUID is empty, there may be no master data to
be read. IntervalBoundaryTypeCode,
LowerBoundaryObjectPropertyValue, and
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValueUUID may be used in derived
business object Product Property List. From the business object
Property List_Template/node Property Dependency Property Value
Table Row, a PropertyDependencyPropertyValueTableRow inbound
aggregation relationship may exist, with a cardinality of 1:CN.
PropertyDependencyPropertyValueTableRow may be associated with a
reference from a property dependency property value table column
value to its associated row. From the business object Property
Library/node Property Data Type Value, a
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValue inbound association
relationship may exist, with a cardinality of C:CN.
PropertyLibraryPropertyDataTypeValue may be associated with a
reference from a property value in a property dependency property
value table column value to a value in a property library.
[0267] Property Dependency Property Value Table Row is a property
value combination. As property value combinations may refer to the
same properties, property value combinations form the rows of a
property value table. The elements located at the node Property
Dependency Property Value Table Row are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyDependencyPropertyValueTableRowElements, and
may include UUID and OrdinalNumberValue. UUID is a universally
unique identifier of a property dependency table row. UUID may be
an alternative key and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID.
OrdinalNumberValue is a value that specifies a position of a
property dependency table row in a property dependency.
OrdinalNumberValue may be optional and may be based on datatype
GDT: OrdinalNumberValue. OrdinalNumberValue and UUID may be used in
derived business objects Product Property List.
[0268] Property Dependency Name is a language-specific designation
for a property dependency. The elements located at the node
Property Dependency Name are defined by the data type:
PropertyListPropertyDependencyNameElements, and may include Name.
Name is a language-specific short text for a property dependency,
and may be based on datatype GDT: EXTENDED_Name. Name may be used
in derived business objects Product Property List.
[0269] Property Dependency Text Collection is a collection of
natural-language specific texts with additional information about a
property dependency. Such text may include formatting information.
The following derivations of a business object template Property
List Template may be implemented as business objects: Document
Property List, Product Property List, RFI Property List, Supplier
Assessment Property List, and Supplier Property List. Property may
be used in derived business objects Supplier Property List,
Supplier Assessment Property List, Document Property List, RFI
Property List, and Product Property List. Property Allowed Value
may be used in derived business objects Supplier Property List,
Supplier Assessment Property List, Document Property List, RFI
Property List, and Product Property List. Property Allowed Value
Name may be used in derived business objects Supplier Assessment
Property List and RFI Property List. Property Allowed Value Text
Collection may be used in derived business object Supplier
Assessment Property List. Property Default Value may be used in
derived business objects Supplier Property List, Document Property
List, and Product Property List. Property Dependency, Property
Dependency Name, Property Dependency Property Value Table Column,
Property Dependency Property Value Table Column Value, Property
Dependency Property Value Table Row, and Property Dependency Text
Collection may be used in derived business object Product Property
List. Property Group may be used in derived business objects
Supplier Property List, Document Property List, and Product
Property List. Property Group Name may be used in derived business
objects Supplier Property List, Document Property List, and Product
Property List. Property Group Property may be used in derived
business objects Supplier Property List, Document Property List,
and Product Property List. Property List_Template may be used in
derived business objects Supplier Property List, Supplier
Assessment Property List, Document Property List, RFI Property
List, and Product Property List. Property Name and Property
Supplier Assessment Specification may be used in derived business
object Supplier Assessment Property List. Property Text Collection
may be used in derived business objects Supplier Assessment
Property List and RFI Property List. Tabular Allowed Value
Restriction may be used in derived business object Product Property
List. Identity may be used in derived business objects Supplier
Property List, Supplier Assessment Property List, Document Property
List, RFI Property List, and Product Property List. Property may be
used in derived business objects Supplier Property List, Supplier
Assessment Property List, Document Property List, RFI Property
List, and Product Property List. Property Data Type may be used in
derived business objects Supplier Property List, Supplier
Assessment Property List, Document Property List, RFI Property
List, and Product Property List. Property Data Type Value may be
used in derived business objects Supplier Property List, Supplier
Assessment Property List, Document Property List, RFI Property
List, and Product Property List. Property Library may be used in
derived business objects Supplier Property List, Supplier
Assessment Property List, Document Property List, RFI Property
List, and Product Property List.
[0270] A business object Document Property List is a list of
predefined properties from a property library that are collected
and adjusted to suit documents. Attributes of the properties can be
added or changed in the list. The business object Document Property
List belongs to the process component Document Management. For
example, a list of properties, such as media type or country, may
be assigned to documents of type "Product Presentation". A document
property list may include three components: properties from a
property library with adjusted or added information, property
groups that group properties mainly for display reasons, and
property dependencies that define interdependencies between
properties.
[0271] A business object Product Property List is a list of product
properties from a property library collected and adjusted to suit a
product. The business object Product Property List belongs to the
process component Product Property Management. A product property
list can be specified for a product and can be used for product
configuration. Requirements for completeness and consistency may be
defined in a list. Attributes of properties can be added or changed
in a list. A product property list includes three components:
properties from a property library with adjusted or added
information, property groups that group properties mainly for
display reasons, and property dependencies that define
interdependencies between properties.
[0272] A business object RFI Property List is a list of predefined
properties for a request for information. Such properties are
defined in a property library and referenced from RFI Property
List. Attributes of predefined properties can be added or changed
in RFI Property List. The business object RFI Property List belongs
to the process component RFI Processing. For example, a request for
information associated with a typical property may be: Property:
"Please specify your programming skills"; Attribute: "yes"; Values:
"ABAP, Java, C++". A property list may include RFI properties from
a property library with adjusted or added information.
[0273] A business object Supplier Assessment Property List is a
list of predefined properties for a supplier assessment. Such
properties are defined in a property library and referenced from
Supplier Assessment Property List. Attributes of predefined
properties can be added or changed in Supplier Assessment Property
List. A business object Supplier Assessment Property List belongs
to a process component Supplier Performance Assessment. For
example, in a supplier assessment, a typical property may be:
Property: "Delivery Reliability"; Attribute: Comment="Please answer
carefully"; Values: "Outstanding, Satisfactory, Unsatisfactory". A
property list may include supplier assessment properties from a
property library with adjusted or added information.
[0274] A business object Supplier Property List is a list of
pre-defined properties from a property library that are collected
and adjusted to suit suppliers. Attributes of properties can be
added or changed in a list. The business object Supplier Property
List belongs to the process component Business Partner Data
Management. The supplier property list includes three components:
properties from a property library with adjusted or added
information, property groups that group properties mainly for
display reasons, and property dependencies that define
interdependencies between properties.
[0275] FIG. 34 depicts an example object model for a business
object Quantity Conversion Virtual Object 34000. The business
object 34000 has relationships with other objects 34002-34004, as
shown with lines and arrows. The business object 34000
hierarchically comprises elements 34006-34010. The other objects
34002-34004 include respective elements 34012-34014 as shown.
[0276] The business object Quantity Conversion Virtual Object is
documentation associated with a conversion of a quantity to another
quantity. Quantity Conversion may include a Result of a conversion,
Parameters that influence the conversion, and a reference to
Material for which the conversion has been done. Quantity
Conversion Virtual Object may be time dependent on Time Point. In
some implementations, the business object Quantity Conversion
Virtual Object may include Message Header which includes business
information from the perspective of a sending application. The
following composition relationships to subordinate nodes exist:
Parameters, with a cardinality of 1:N; and Result, with a
cardinality of 1:CN. From the business object Material/node
Material, a Material inbound aggregation relationship may exist,
with a cardinality of C:CN. From the business object Service
Product/node Service Product, a Service Product inbound aggregation
relationship may exist, with a cardinality of C:CN.
[0277] Parameters may include details of input values, based on
which a quantity conversion is performed. Parameters may be time
dependent on Time Point. The elements located at the node
Parameters are defined by the data type:
QuantityConversionParametersElements, and may include
ProductTypeCode, ProductUUID, QuantityConversionParameters,
QuantityConversionQuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator,
QuantityGroupCode, and QuantityRoundingRequiredIndicator.
ProductTypeCode specifies a product type that describes the nature
of products and establishes the basic properties for products.
ProductTypeCode may be based on datatype GDT: ProductTypeCode.
ProductUUID specifies a unique identifier of a Product, and may be
based on datatype GDT: UUID. QuantityConversionParameters is a
Structure including a quantity to be converted and its
corresponding attributes. QuantityConversionParameters may be based
on datatype GDT: QuantityConversionParameters.
QuantityConversionQuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator indicates if
grid spacing must be enabled or not when converting quantities.
QuantityConversionQuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: Indicator.
QuantityGroupCode specifies a quantity group, based on which a
conversion is performed. QuantityGroupCode may be based on datatype
GDT: QuantityGroupCode. QuantityRoundingRequiredIndicator indicates
whether rounding is to be performed, based on a business
configuration. QuantityRoundingRequiredIndicator may be optional
and may be based on datatype GDT: Indicator.
[0278] Result includes a result of a conversion based on
Parameters. Result may be time dependent on Time Point. The
elements located at the node Result are defined by the data type:
QuantityConversionResultElements, and may include
QuantityConversionResult. QuantityConversionResult is a Structure
including a converted quantity and its corresponding attributes.
QuantityConversionResult may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: QuantityConversionResult. From the business object
Quantity Conversion_Virtual Object/node Parameters, a Result
inbound aggregation relationship may exist, with a cardinality of
1:C.
[0279] FIG. 35 depicts an example Convert Product Based Quantities
Query_sync Message Data Type 35000, which comprises elements
35002-35008, hierarchically related as shown. For example, the
Convert Product Based Quantities Query 35002 includes a Message
Header 35004.
[0280] The message type Convert Product Based Quantities Query_sync
is derived from the business object Quantity Conversion_Virtual
Object as a leading object together with its operation signature.
The message type Convert Product Based Quantities Query_sync is a
query to retrieve converted quantities for a specific product,
material, or service based on information that is maintained in a
product master. The structure of this message type is determined by
the message data type
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQueryMessage_sync. The message data
type ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQueryMessage_sync includes the
object ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery which is included in a
business document, business information that is relevant for
sending a business document in a message, the MessageHeader
package, and the ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery package. The
message data type ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQueryMessage_sync
provides a structure for the Convert Product Based Quantities
Query_sync message type and for associated operations.
[0281] The MessageHeader package is a grouping of business
information that is relevant for sending a business document in a
message. The MessageHeader package includes the MessageHeader node.
The MessageHeader node is a grouping of business information from
the perspective of a sending application, such as information to
identify the business document in a message, information about the
sender, and may be optionally information about the recipient. The
MessageHeader includes SenderParty and RecipientParty.
MessageHeader may be based on the datatype and may be based on
datatype GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeader. The following elements
of the GDT may be used: RecipientParty, BusinessScope, SenderParty,
SenderBusinessSystemID, TestDataIndicator,
RecipientBusinessSystemID, ReferenceID, ReferenceUUID,
ReconciliationIndicator, ID, UUID, and CreationDateTime.
SenderParty is the partner responsible for sending a business
document at a business application level. The SenderParty is of the
type GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeaderParty. RecipientParty is of
the type GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeaderParty. RecipientParty is
the partner responsible for receiving a business document at a
business application level.
[0282] The ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery package is a grouping
of ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery with its packages and with
the ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery entity.
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery includes query elements to
retrieve converted quantities related to a specific product
material, service, quantity definitions and conversion details
which are maintained in a Product Master.
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery includes the node element
Parameters in a 1:N cardinality relationship. Parameters include
details of known and unknown quantities. Parameters include the
following non-node elements: SenderTechnicalID, ProductTypeCode,
ProductUUID, QuantityConversionParameters, QuantityTypeCode,
Quantity, ValuePrecisionCode, QuantityOriginCode,
RoundingFactorQuantity, IntegerDigitsNumberValue,
FractionDigitsNumberValue,
QuantityConversionUnitSwitchRequiredIndicator, RoundingRuleCode,
QuantityConversionQuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator, and
QuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator.
[0283] SenderTechnicalID may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: ObjectNodePartyTechnicalID. ProductTypeCodemay be
based on datatype GDT: ProductTypeCode. ProductUUID may be based on
datatype GDT:UUID. QuantityConversionParameters may be based on
datatype MIDT:QuantityConversionParameters. QuantityTypeCode may be
optional, and is used to uniquely identify a quantity and to define
quantity equations. A unit may not be sufficient to define the type
of a quantity, because a unit can be used in multiple quantity
types. For example, the unit KG can be used in the Quantity Types
for gross weight or net weight. In contrast, multiple units may be
valid for one quantity type. For example, the Quantity Type gross
weight can be expressed with the unit Kilogram or Gram. Therefore,
Quantity Types are required in addition to units, to define a
quantity. QuantityTypeCode may have no default values.
QuantityTypeCode may be based on datatype GDT:QuantityTypeCode.
Quantity may be optional, is a structure including a unit of
measure and a corresponding factor, and may be based on datatype
CDT:Quantity. ValuePrecisionCode may be optional, specifies the
correctness of a calculated quantity value, and may be based on
datatype GDT:ValuePrecisionCode. QuantityOriginCode may be
optional, specifies the origin of a quantity (i.e. entered by the
user, calculated or interfaced from an external system), and may be
based on datatype GDT:QuantityOriginCode. RoundingFactorQuantity
may be optional, specifies the degree of accuracy expected from a
rounding operation, and may be based on datatype CDT:Quantity.
IntegerDigitsNumberValue may be optional, specifies the maximum
number of integer digits allowed during rounding of a quantity
value, and may be based on datatype
GDT:NumberValue.FractionDigitsNumberValue may be optional,
specifies the maximum number of decimal digits allowed during
rounding of a quantity value, and may be based on datatype
GDT:NumberValue.QuantityConversionUnitSwitchRequiredIndicator may
be optional, indicates if unit switch is enabled when converting
quantities, and may be based on datatype CDT:Indicator.
RoundingRuleCode may be optional, specifies a rounding rule based
on which a rounding of quantities is performed, and may be based on
datatype GDT:COMMON_RoundingRuleCode.
QuantityConversionQuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator may be
optional, indicates if grid spacing is enabled when converting
quantities, and may be based on datatype CDT:Indicator.
QuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator may be based on datatype
CDT:Indicator.
[0284] FIG. 36 depicts an example Convert Product Based Quantities
Response_sync Message Data Type 36000, which comprises elements
36002-36010, hierarchically related as shown. For example, the
Convert Product Based Quantities Response 36002 includes a Message
Header 36004.
[0285] The message type Convert Product Based Quantities
Response_sync is derived from the business object Quantity
Conversion_Virtual Object as a leading object together with its
operation signature. The message type Convert Product Based
Quantities Response_sync is a response concerning an inquiry about
converted quantities for a specific product, material, or service
based on information that is maintained in a product master. The
structure of the message type Convert Product Based Quantities
Response_sync is determined by the message data type
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponseMessage_sync.
[0286] The message data type
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponseMessage_sync includes the
object ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse which is included in a
business document, business information that is relevant for
sending a business document in a message, the MessageHeader
package, and the ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse package. The
message data type ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponseMessage_sync
provides a structure for the message type Convert Product Based
Quantities Response_sync and for associated operations.
[0287] The MessageHeader package is a grouping of business
information that is relevant for sending a business document in a
message. The MessageHeader package includes the MessageHeader node.
The MessageHeader node is a grouping of business information from
the perspective of a sending application, such as information to
identify the business document in a message, information about the
sender, and optionally information about the recipient. The
MessageHeader includes SenderParty and RecipientParty.
MessageHeader may be based on the datatype
GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeader. The following elements of the
GDT may be used: RecipientParty, BusinessScope, SenderParty,
SenderBusinessSystemID, TestDataIndicator,
RecipientBusinessSystemID, ReferenceID, ReferenceUUID,
ReconciliationIndicator, ID, UUID, and CreationDateTime.
SenderParty is the partner responsible for sending a business
document at a business application level. The SenderParty is of the
type GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeaderParty. RecipientParty is of
the type GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeaderParty. RecipientParty is
the partner responsible for receiving a business document at a
business application level.
[0288] The ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse package is a
grouping of ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse with its packages
and with the ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse entity.
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse includes the node element
Result in a 1:N cardinality relationship, and the node element Log
in a 1:C cardinality relationship. Result includes details of known
and unknown quantities. Result includes the following non-node
elements: ReferenceObjectNodeSenderTechnicalID,
QuantityConversionResult, QuantityTypeCode, Quantity,
ValuePrecisionCode, and QuantityOriginCode.
ReferenceObjectNodeSenderTechnicalID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT:ObjectNodePartyTechnicalID.
QuantityConversionResult may be based on datatype
MIDT:QuantityConversionResult. QuantityTypeCode may be optional,
and is used to uniquely identify a quantity and to define quantity
equations. A unit may not be sufficient to define the type of a
quantity, because a unit can be used in multiple quantity types.
For example, the unit KG can be used in the Quantity Types for
gross weight or net weight. In contrast, multiple units may be
valid for one quantity type. For example, the Quantity Type gross
weight can be expressed with the unit Kilogram or Gram. Therefore,
Quantity Types are required in addition to units, to define a
quantity. QuantityTypeCode may have no default values.
QuantityTypeCode may be based on datatype GDT:QuantityTypeCode.
Quantity may be optional, is a structure including a unit of
measure and its corresponding factor, and may be based on datatype
CDT:Quantity. ValuePrecisionCode may be optional, specifies the
correctness of a calculated quantity value, and may be based on
datatype GDT:ValuePrecisionCode. QuantityOriginCode may be
optional, specifies the origin of a quantity (e.g., entered by the
user, calculated or interfaced from an external system), and may be
based on datatype GDT:QuantityOriginCode. Log may be used to store
exception messages and may be based on datatype GDT Log.
[0289] FIG. 37 depicts an example Convert Quantities Query_sync
Message Data Type 37000, which comprises elements 37002-37008,
hierarchically related as shown. For example, the Convert
Quantities Query Sync 37002 includes a Message Header 37004.
[0290] The message type Convert Quantities Query_sync is derived
from the business object Quantity Conversion_Virtual Object as a
leading object together with its operation signature. The message
type Convert Quantities Query_sync is a query to retrieve converted
quantities between two physical units of measurement. The structure
of the message type Convert Quantities Query_sync is determined by
the message data type ConvertQuantitiesQueryMessage_sync. The
message data type ConvertQuantitiesQueryMessage_sync includes the
object ConvertQuantitiesQuery which is included in a business
document, business information that is relevant for sending a
business document in a message, the MessageHeader, and the
ConvertQuantitiesQuery package. The message data type
ConvertQuantitiesQueryMessage_sync provides a structure for the
Convert Quantities Query_sync message type and for associated
operations.
[0291] The MessageHeader package is a grouping of business
information that is relevant for sending a business document in a
message. The MessageHeader package includes the MessageHeader node.
The MessageHeader node is a grouping of business information from
the perspective of a sending application, such as information to
identify the business document in a message, information about the
sender, and optionally information about the recipient. The
MessageHeader includes SenderParty and RecipientParty.
MessageHeader may be based on the datatype
GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeader. The following elements of the
GDT may be used: RecipientParty, BusinessScope, SenderParty,
SenderBusinessSystemID, TestDatalndicator,
RecipientBusinessSystemID, ReferenceID, ReferenceUUID,
ReconciliationIndicator, ID, UUID, and CreationDateTime.
SenderParty is the partner responsible for sending a business
document at a business application level. The SenderParty is of the
type GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeaderParty. RecipientParty is of
the type GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeaderParty. RecipientParty is
the partner responsible for receiving a business document at a
business application level.
[0292] The ConvertQuantitiesQuery package is a grouping of
ConvertQuantitiesQuery with its ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery
package and with the the ConvertQuantitiesQuery entity.
ConvertQuantitiesQuery includes query elements to retrieve
converted quantities between two physical units of measurement.
ConvertQuantitiesQuery includes the Parameters node element in a
1:N cardinality relationship. The
ConvertQuantitiesQueryConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery package
includes the Parameters entity. Parameters include details of known
and unknown quantities. Parameters include the following non-node
elements: SenderTechnicalID, QuantityGroupCode,
QuantityConversionParameters, QuantityTypeCode, Quantity,
ValuePrecisionCode, QuantityOriginCode, RoundingFactorQuantity,
IntegerDigitsNumberValue, FractionDigitsNumberValue,
QuantityConversionUnitSwitchRequiredIndicator, RoundingRuleCode,
QuantityConversionQuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator,
QuantityRoundingRequiredIndicator, and
QuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator. SenderTechnicalID may be
optional and may be based on datatype
GDT:ObjectNodePartyTechnicalID. QuantityGroupCode may be optional
and may be based on datatype GDT:QuantityGroupCode.
QuantityConversionParameters may be based on datatype
MIDT:QuantityConversionParameters. QuantityTypeCode may be
optional, and is used to uniquely identify a quantity and to define
quantity equations. A unit may not be sufficient to define the type
of a quantity, because a unit can be used in multiple quantity
types. For example, the unit KG can be used in the Quantity Types
for gross weight or net weight. In contrast, multiple units may be
valid for one quantity type. For example, the Quantity Type gross
weight can be expressed with the unit Kilogram or Gram. Therefore,
Quantity Types are required in addition to units, to define a
quantity. QuantityTypeCode may have no default values.
QuantityTypeCode may be based on datatype GDT:QuantityTypeCode.
Quantity may be optional, is a structure including a unit of
measure and its corresponding factor, and may be based on datatype
CDT:Quantity. ValuePrecisionCode may be optional, specifies the
correctness of a calculated quantity value, and may be based on
datatype GDT:ValuePrecisionCode. QuantityOriginCode may be
optional, specifies the origin of a quantity (e.g., entered by the
user, calculated or interfaced from an external system), and may be
based on datatype GDT:QuantityOriginCode. RoundingFactorQuantity
may be optional, specifies the degree of accuracy expected from a
rounding operation, and may be based on datatype CDT:Quantity.
IntegerDigitsNumberValue may be optional, specifies the maximum
number of integer digits allowed during rounding of a quantity
value, and may be based on datatype GDT:NumberValue.
FractionDigitsNumberValue may be optional, specifies the maximum
number of decimal digits allowed during rounding of a quantity
value, and may be based on datatype GDT:NumberValue.
QuantityConversionUnitSwitchRequiredIndicator may be optional,
indicates if unit switch is enabled when converting quantities, and
may be based on datatype CDT:Indicator. RoundingRuleCode may be
optional, specifies a rounding rule based on which type of the
rounding of quantities is performed, and may be based on datatype
GDT:COMMON_RoundingRuleCode.
QuantityConversionQuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator may be
optional, indicates if grid spacing is enabled when converting
quantities, and may be based on datatype CDT:Indicator.
QuantityRoundingRequiredIndicator may be optional and may be based
on datatype CDT:Indicator. QuantityGridSpaceRequiredIndicator may
be optional and may be based on datatype CDT:Indicator.
[0293] FIG. 38 depicts an example Convert Quantities Response_sync
Message Data Type 38000, which comprises elements 38002-38010,
hierarchically related as shown. For example, the Convert
Quantities Response Sync 38002 includes a Message Header 38004.
[0294] The message type Convert Quantities Response_sync is derived
from the business object Quantity Conversion_Virtual Object as a
leading object together with its operation signature. The message
type Convert Quantities Response_sync is a response to an inquiry
about converted quantities between two physical units of
measurement. The structure of the message type Convert Quantities
Response_sync is determined by the message data type
ConvertQuantitiesResponseMessage_sync. The message data type
ConvertQuantitiesResponseMessage_sync includes the object
ConvertQuantitiesResponse which is included in a business document,
business information that is relevant for sending a business
document in a message, the MessageHeader package, and the
ConvertQuantitiesResponse package. The message data type determined
by the message data type ConvertQuantitiesResponseMessage_sync
provides a structure for the message type Convert Quantities
Response_sync and for associated operations.
[0295] The MessageHeader package is a grouping of business
information that is relevant for sending a business document in a
message. The MessageHeader package includes the MessageHeader node.
The MessageHeader node is a grouping of business information from
the perspective of a sending application, such as information to
identify the business document in a message, information about the
sender, and optionally information about the recipient. The
MessageHeader includes SenderParty and RecipientParty.
MessageHeader may be based on the datatype
GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeader. The following elements of the
GDT may be used: RecipientParty, BusinessScope, SenderParty,
SenderBusinessSystemID, TestDatalndicator,
RecipientBusinessSystemID, ReferenceID, ReferenceUUID,
ReconciliationIndicator, ID, UUID, and CreationDateTime.
SenderParty is the partner responsible for sending a business
document at a business application level. The SenderParty is of the
type GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeaderParty. RecipientParty is of
the type GDT:BusinessDocumentMessageHeaderParty. RecipientParty is
the partner responsible for receiving a business document at a
business application level.
[0296] The ConvertQuantitiesResponse package is a grouping of
ConvertQuantitiesResponse with its packages and with the
ConvertQuantitiesResponse entity. ConvertQuantitiesResponse
includes elements to store a response for the query
ConvertQuantitiesQuery_sync. ConvertQuantitiesResponse includes
node element Result in a 1:N cardinality relationship, and the node
element Log in a 1:C cardinality relationship. Result includes
details of known and unknown quantities. Result includes the
following non-node elements: ReferenceObjectNodeSenderTechnicalID,
QuantityConversionResult, QuantityTypeCode, Quantity,
ValuePrecisionCode, and QuantityOriginCode.
ReferenceObjectNodeSenderTechnicalID may be optional and may be
based on datatype GDT:ObjectNodePartyTechnicalID.
QuantityConversionResult may be based on datatype
MIDT:QuantityConversionResult. QuantityTypeCode may be optional,
and is used to uniquely identify a quantity and to define quantity
equations. A unit may not be sufficient to define the type of a
quantity, because a unit can be used in multiple quantity types.
For example, the unit KG can be used in the Quantity Types for
gross weight or net weight. In contrast, multiple units may be
valid for one quantity type. For example, the Quantity Type gross
weight can be expressed with the unit Kilogram or Gram. Therefore,
Quantity Types are required in addition to units, to define a
quantity. QuantityTypeCode may have no default values.
QuantityTypeCode may be based on datatype GDT:QuantityTypeCode.
Quantity may be optional, is a structure including a unit of
measure and its corresponding factor, and may be based on datatype
CDT:Quantity. ValuePrecisionCode may be optional, specifies the
correctness of a calculated quantity value, and may be based on
datatype GDT:ValuePrecisionCode. QuantityOriginCode may be
optional, specifies the origin of a quantity (entered by the user,
calculated or interfaced from an external system), and may be based
on datatype GDT:QuantityOriginCode. Log may be used to store
exception messages and may be based on datatype GDT Log.
[0297] FIGS. 39-1 through 39-5 show an example configuration of an
Element Structure that includes a
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery_sync 39000 package.
Specifically, these figures depict the arrangement and hierarchy of
various components such as one or more levels of packages,
entities, and datatypes, shown here as 39000 through 39140. As
described above, packages may be used to represent hierarchy
levels. Entities are discrete business elements that are used
during a business transaction. Data types are used to type object
entities and interfaces with a structure. For example, the
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery_sync 39000 includes, among other
things, a ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesQuery_sync 39002.
Accordingly, heterogeneous applications may communicate using this
consistent message configured as such.
[0298] FIGS. 40-1 through 40-4 show an example configuration of an
Element Structure that includes a
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse_sync 40000 package.
Specifically, these figures depict the arrangement and hierarchy of
various components such as one or more levels of packages,
entities, and datatypes, shown here as 40000 through 40110. As
described above, packages may be used to represent hierarchy
levels. Entities are discrete business elements that are used
during a business transaction. Data types are used to type object
entities and interfaces with a structure. For example, the
ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse_sync 40000 includes, among
other things, a ConvertProductBasedQuantitiesResponse_sync 40002.
Accordingly, heterogeneous applications may communicate using this
consistent message configured as such.
[0299] FIGS. 41-1 through 41-5 show an example configuration of an
Element Structure that includes a ConvertQuantitiesQuery_sync 41000
package. Specifically, these figures depict the arrangement and
hierarchy of various components such as one or more levels of
packages, entities, and datatypes, shown here as 41000 through
41142. As described above, packages may be used to represent
hierarchy levels. Entities are discrete business elements that are
used during a business transaction. Data types are used to type
object entities and interfaces with a structure. For example, the
ConvertQuantitiesQuery_sync 41000 includes, among other things, a
ConvertQuantitiesQuery_sync 41002. Accordingly, heterogeneous
applications may communicate using this consistent message
configured as such.
[0300] FIGS. 42-1 through 42-4 show an example configuration of an
Element Structure that includes a ConvertQuantitiesResponse_sync
42000 package. Specifically, these figures depict the arrangement
and hierarchy of various components such as one or more levels of
packages, entities, and datatypes, shown here as 42000 through
42110. As described above, packages may be used to represent
hierarchy levels. Entities are discrete business elements that are
used during a business transaction. Data types are used to type
object entities and interfaces with a structure. For example, the
ConvertQuantitiesResponse_sync 42000 includes, among other things,
a ConvertQuantitiesResponse_sync 42002. Accordingly, heterogeneous
applications may communicate using this consistent message
configured as such.
[0301] FIG. 43 depicts an example object model for a business
object Supplier Property Specification 43000. The business object
43000 has relationships with an Identity object 43002, as shown
with lines and arrows. The business object 43000 hierarchically
comprises elements 43004-43008. The Identity object 43002 includes
an Identity element 43010 as shown.
[0302] The business object Supplier Property Specification is
specification of a property list for a group of suppliers. The
business object Supplier Property Specification belongs to the
process component Business Partner Data Management. A supplier
property specification includes a property list for a group of
suppliers. The business object Supplier Property Specification
includes a Supplier Property Specification root node. The elements
located directly at the node Supplier Property Specification are
defined by the data type SupplierPropertySpecificationElements.
These elements include: UUID, ID, SupplierGroupCode, and
SystemAdministrativeData. UUID may be an alternative key, is a
globally unique identifier for a supplier property specification,
and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID. ID may be an alternative
key, is an identifier for a supplier property specification, and
may be based on datatype GDT: SupplierPropertySpecificationID.
SupplierGroupCode may be optional, is a coded representation of a
group of suppliers for which a default supplier property
specification is valid, and may be based on datatype GDT:
SupplierGroupCode. SystemAdministrativeData includes administrative
data of a supplier property specification that is stored in a
system, such as system users and change dates/times, and may be
based on datatype GDT: SystemAdministrativeData.
[0303] The following composition relationships to subordinate nodes
exist: Description with a cardinality of 1:CN, and Supplier
Property List with a cardinality of 1:1. A CreationIdentity inbound
association relationship may exist from the business object
Identity/node Identity, with a cardinality of 1:CN, which is an
Identity that created a supplier property specification. A
LastChangeIdentity inbound association relationship may exist from
the business object Identity/node Identity, with a cardinality of
1:CN, which is an identity that changed a supplier property
specification the last time. In some implementations, there is only
one supplier property specification for each supplier group code.
If a specific group code has been maintained for a supplier, the
supplier property specification maintained for this supplier group
code will be the default specification.
[0304] A QueryByElements query may be used to return a list of
supplier property specifications according to specified selection
elements. The query elements are defined by the data type
SupplierPropertySpecificationElementsQueryElements. These elements
include: UUID, ID, SupplierGroupCode, and Description. UUID: may be
optional and may be based on datatype GDT: UUID. ID may be optional
and may be based on datatype GDT: SupplierPropertySpecificationID.
SupplierGroupCode may be optional and may be based on datatype GDT:
SupplierGroupCode. Description may be optional and may be based on
datatype GDT: SHORT_Description, with a qualifier of
SupplierPropertySpecification.
[0305] Description is a language-dependent description of a
supplier property specification. The elements located directly at
the node Description are defined by the data type
SupplierPropertySpecificationDescriptionElements. These elements
include Description. Description is a description of a supplier
property specification, and may be based on datatype GDT:
SHORT_Description, with a qualifier of
SupplierPropertySpecification. A Supplier Property List dependent
object inclusion node is a list of pre-defined properties from a
property library that are collected and adjusted to suit suppliers.
Attributes of properties can be added or changed in the list.
[0306] A number of implementations have been described.
Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope
of the following claims.
* * * * *