U.S. patent application number 13/210131 was filed with the patent office on 2011-12-08 for system & method for managing transfers of digital assets over a network.
Invention is credited to Bryan C. Dunkeld, Edward M. Lambert.
Application Number | 20110302303 13/210131 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 21776560 |
Filed Date | 2011-12-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110302303 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Dunkeld; Bryan C. ; et
al. |
December 8, 2011 |
System & Method for Managing Transfers of Digital Assets Over a
Network
Abstract
Digital media assets are managed within an electronic network
distribution system. A management computing system coupled to the
network prepares a digital asset for transfer over the network in
accordance with a set of distribution rules. A modified version of
the digital asset includes a unique identification number
associated with a first instantiation of the digital asset. The
management computing system tracks transfers of the digital asset
based on separate instantiations of the asset created for each
transfer occurring over the network.
Inventors: |
Dunkeld; Bryan C.;
(Sausalito, CA) ; Lambert; Edward M.; (Mercer
Island, WA) |
Family ID: |
21776560 |
Appl. No.: |
13/210131 |
Filed: |
August 15, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10016325 |
Dec 10, 2001 |
8001052 |
|
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13210131 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
709/224 ; 705/30;
717/177 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06Q 20/10 20130101;
G06Q 10/10 20130101; G06Q 30/06 20130101; H04L 63/10 20130101; G06Q
20/40 20130101; G06Q 40/12 20131203 |
Class at
Publication: |
709/224 ; 705/30;
717/177 |
International
Class: |
G06F 15/173 20060101
G06F015/173; G06F 9/445 20060101 G06F009/445; G06Q 40/00 20060101
G06Q040/00 |
Claims
1. A system for managing transfers of digital assets over a
network, comprising: (a) a management computing system coupled to
the network; and (b) a first software routine executing on said
management computing system, said first software routine being
adapted to prepare a digital asset for transfer over the network in
accordance with a set of distribution rules; wherein a modified
version of said digital asset is generated by said first software
routine, said modified version including a unique identification
number associated with a first instantiation of said modified
version of said digital asset; and (c) a second software routine
executing on said management computing system, said second software
routine being adapted to track transfers of said digital asset over
the network; and wherein a separate instantiation of said digital
asset is created for each transfer occurring over the network.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said set of distribution rules
are provided by a rights-holder management system, and include
restrictions on terms of use and time periods of use.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said set of distribution rules
include information on title, author, and identification numbers
for said digital asset.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein said unique identification number
is embedded into said first instantiation of said modified version
of said digital asset using a steganographic process.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said transfers of said digital
asset take place in a peer-to-peer manner over the network in
coordination with said management computing system and such that a
complete tracking history for said digital asset is maintained by
the system.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein said second software routine
interfaces with a first client system and a second client system
connected to the network in a peer to peer relationship, and
provides unique identification numbers for each transfer occurring
over the network between said first client system and said second
client system.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said first software routine
further identifies network accessible locations available for
transfers of said digital asset.
8. The system of claim 1, further including an accounting routine
for performing accounting functions in connection with said
transfers, including crediting of rights holders accounts,
crediting of transaction host accounts, and/or debiting of user
accounts.
9. The system of claim 1, further including a monitoring routine
for performing authentication operations on digital assets stored
and/or transferred between client systems over the network, said
authentication operations including a determination of an embedded
serial number of a digital asset and an identification of a last
authorized transfer of said digital asset.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein adjustments to a user account,
including access privileges, are made in accordance with the
determinations made by said monitoring routine.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein a subsequent unique
identification number used for a second instantiation of said
digital asset is derived in part from said unique identification
number.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein a tracking history for said
digital asset, including all transfers over the network, can be
derived from said subsequent unique identification number.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein at least some portions of said
modified version of said digital asset are encrypted and/or contain
steganographically processed data.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein distributions of said digital
asset over said network are not preconditioned on securing
authorization for individual copies of said digital asset.
15. The system of claim 1, wherein electronic indexes and catalogs
are provided by the management computing system for facilitating
locating and transferring of said digital asset.
16. The system of claim 1, wherein said unique identification
number is embedded into at least said first instantiation of said
modified version of said digital asset in a location within such
asset that is specified by an offset generated by the digital asset
management computing system.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein said offset identifies a frame
and word count within the digital asset.
18. The system of claim 16 wherein a serial number is encoded
within least significant bits of successive words within the
digital asset so as to not alter user perceptible content.
19. A system for managing transfers of digital assets over a
network, comprising: (a) a management computing system coupled to
the network; said management computing system including an asset
index organized and searchable at least by title and artist; (b) a
first software routine executing on said management computing
system, said first software routine being adapted to prepare a
digital asset for transfer over the network in accordance with a
set of distribution rules; wherein a modified version of said
digital asset is generated by said first software routine, said
modified version including a unique identification number
associated with a first instantiation of said modified version of
said digital asset; and (c) a transaction database for storing
transfer tracking information; (d) a second software routine
executing on said management computing system, said second software
routine being adapted to track transfers of said digital asset over
the network and generate said transfer tracking information; and
wherein a separate instantiation of said digital asset is created
for each transfer occurring over the network; (e) a reconciliation
software routine executing on said management computing system and
adapted to reconcile said transfer tracking information with
transaction data provided by client devices receiving said digital
asset over the network; wherein user perceptible content of said
digital asset is not encrypted or copy protected.
20. A method of managing transfers of digital assets over a
network, comprising the steps of: (a) coupling a digital asset
management computer to the network; and (b) providing a digital
asset to said digital asset management computer; and (c) providing
a set of distribution rules for said digital asset; and (d)
preparing a modified version of said digital asset for transfer
over the network in accordance with said set of distribution rules,
said modified version including a unique identification number
associated with a first instantiation of said modified version of
said digital asset; and (e) tracking transfers of said digital
asset over the network; wherein a separate instantiation of said
digital asset is created for each transfer occurring over the
network.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.120 and is a divisional of Ser. No. 10/016,325 filed: Dec.
10, 2001 entitled System & Method for Unique Digital Asset
Identification and Transaction Management, now U.S. Pat. No.
8,001,052 which is also incorporated by reference herein.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to managing transfers of
digital assets over a network, and more particularly to managing
assets which are identified with unique identifiers for each
transaction so as to track their useage and distribution.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Historically distribution of intellectual property works has
been controlled through the production of quality reproductions on
a medium that can be sold to interested parties. With the advent of
the Internet and its subsequent distribution capability and broad
acceptance, intellectual property assets that can be digitized can
now be reproduced and distributed without quality degradation or
compensation to the rights holders. New systems for controlling the
distribution, royalty payment, and terms of use for these assets
are being created to better take advantage of and mitigate the
disadvantages of this new medium.
[0004] As a first step many rights holders have begun to add
digital watermarks to their assets. Assets are then distributed in
a variety of ways to customers who have paid for them. When an
asset is encountered in questionable circumstances, the watermark
is identified and the user is asked to produce proof of purchase
for that asset or face consequences. These watermarks are applied
at the time the digital asset is created and used for
identification and enforcement purposes. Unfortunately, the use of
watermarks alone is not sufficient to ensure that transfers of
digital assets are properly accounted for.
[0005] Another approach has been to encrypt assets before
distribution. Before the asset can be used, the purchaser must
acquire a key to unlock the asset. This places a great demand on
customers and runs the risk of increasing frustration levels. This
also requires secure key management thus shifting the problems to
another asset that must be managed. Encrypted assets have been
popular among rights holders but to date have not been widely
accepted by customers.
[0006] Some rights holders are establishing new media formats that
contain mechanisms to control usage. Such distribution methods can
control numbers of playbacks and still be portable for use on
properly equipped machines. For the consumer this means adopting
new (and potentially incompatible) media formats, technology, and
hardware. This approach requires a high degree of industry adoption
and customer base penetration to be successful.
[0007] As a method of preventing copies from being pirated, some
systems are trying to establish a market for streaming assets. This
allows for a controlled one time delivery and use of the asset by
the customer. At present customers have not fully adopted this
medium for a variety of reasons. In particular, it lacks the
convenience of portability and playback and as yet paying for
subscriptions has not proved a popular model.
[0008] Accordingly, there is clear and compelling need for an
improved system for introducing, distributing and tracking digital
assets in a manner that balances the needs of rights holders and
end users. In addition, it would be extremely desirable to allow
peer-to-peer transfer (or controlled centralized distribution) of
assets in formats that are already widely adopted and popular while
identifying payment and usage restrictions at the time of
transfer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] A primary object of the present invention, therefore, is to
provide an improved system and method that overcomes the
aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art;
[0010] A further object of the present invention is to provide a
system and method for permitting rights holders to introduce
digital assets into a controlled distribution/tracking network
under suitable terms of use and other customized, flexible
distribution conditions;
[0011] A further object of the present invention is to provide
end-users and other consumers of digital content with an easy,
flexible and relatively transparent environment for locating,
securing and enjoying digital assets of interest;
[0012] A related object of the present invention is to ensure that
such digital assets are substantially backwards compatible with the
large existing infrastructure of installed hardware
devices/software that play an assortment of digital content, such
as MP3 players, MPEG 2 players, etc., so that users do not have to
make additional investments in proprietary hardware and
software;
[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
digital asset management system and method that tracks transfers of
digital assets within a network, so that terms of use compliance
issues, accounting issues, etc., are transparently and accurately
recorded;
[0014] A related object is to provide a tracking mechanism and
method that relies primarily on creating separate instantiations of
a digital asset to facilitate tracking of the latter;
[0015] Still a further related object is to provide a tracking and
accounting system and method that is reasonably robust and
trustworthy so as to overcome rights holders doubts and
uncertainties concerning the use and distribution of their
products;
[0016] Another related object is to reduce the need for cumbersome
encryption/licensing procedures which inhibit user interaction and
thus the potential market for distribution and enjoyment of digital
assets;
[0017] Yet another object of the present invention is to ensure
that a tracking system and method is sufficiently flexible to
accommodate a variety of different digital content media, and a
variety of different computing platforms used by end users;
[0018] A related object of the present invention is to provide
users with a peer to peer environment for exchanging digital
assets, to ensure that a distribution system is compatible with
existing practice, tastes and preferences;
[0019] It will be understood from the Detailed Description that a
number of different unique inventions are presented by the present
disclosure, each of which can be implemented in a multitude of
different embodiments. Furthermore, it will be readily appreciated
by skilled artisans that such different embodiments will likely
include only one or more of the aforementioned objects of the
present inventions. Thus, the absence of one or more of such
characteristics in any particular embodiment should not be
construed as limiting the scope of the present inventions.
[0020] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a
digital asset is marked with a unique serial number using
steganographic techniques at the time the asset is introduced into
a system. The digital asset is also marked with a new unique serial
number each time it is transacted within the system.
[0021] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention
the serial number is recorded in databases where it is linked to
specifics about the time and parties involved in the transaction as
well as additional information such as details of ownership,
royalties, and terms of use associated with the digital asset.
[0022] Another aspect of the present inventions concerns a system
for distributing digital assets in a peer-to-peer connectable
environment across a network, including between a first peer
network device and a second peer network device connected to the
Internet. The system includes a first rights-holder server coupled
to the network and adapted to introduce a digital asset into the
peer-to-peer connectable environment. The digital asset audio,
video, picture and/or text based data associated with a first set
of distribution rules, which in a preferred embodiment, are not
static, and can change from transfer to transfer. A second host
server is coupled to the network, and such server stores and
distributes the digital asset to end users. A third management
server is also coupled to the network, and it is adapted to track
transfers of the particular digital asset over the network and to
generate tracking records associated with such transfers. With this
architecture, transfers over the network involving the digital
asset, including between the first peer network device, the second
peer network device and/or the second host server are all processed
in accordance with the desired first set of distribution rules set
out by the rights holder.
[0023] This architecture ensures security, compliance, and
accountability for each instantiation of the asset. Furthermore, it
enhances user ease of use since the customer peer network device
can obtain the digital asset from the second peer network device
and/or the second host server, and without requiring further
authorization from the first rights-holder server. Thus, transfers
of the digital asset are also performed in a peer to peer fashion
over the network.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment the digital asset is modified for
each transfer, and this modification is used by the third
management server for generating the tracking records. Again, the
modification does not alter user-perceptible content of the digital
asset. Further in a preferred embodiment, the modification
constitutes an original or altered identification label (serial
number) for the digital asset so that each transfer of the digital
asset is associated with a unique identification label.
Furthermore, to assist the tracking of the digital asset, a
separate and new instantiation of the digital asset is created for
each transfer occurring over the network between peer devices.
[0025] The first set of distribution rules include indexing
information, terms of use, and a location of the second host server
to facilitate transfers. The digital asset can also be encrypted to
reduce unauthorized transfers over the network in a manner similar
to that used in prior art systems.
[0026] Another aspect of the present inventions is directed to a
rights holder system for introducing digital assets into an
electronic network distribution system. The system includes a first
computer coupled to the electronic network distribution system,
which again, includes the Internet. A client/server software module
includes software routines to perform at least the following
operations: (1) receiving and storing a digital asset on the first
computer; (2) processing administration information for the digital
asset, including an asset identifier and a rights-holder
identifier, and associating the same with the digital asset; and
(3) interacting with a digital asset management system to generate
a modified version of the digital asset. The modified version of
the digital asset is based on the administration information and
tracking history information provided by the digital asset
management system. Thereafter the modified version of the digital
asset is posted to any one or more locations suitable for download
by the peer devices from the electronic network distribution
system. Accordingly, the modified version of the digital asset is
configured so that a tracking history can be maintained by the
digital asset management system of each transfer of separate
instantiations of the digital asset between peer devices coupled to
the electronic network distribution. This formatting of the digital
asset, therefore, allows it to be securely but easily transacted at
later time, and with a varying set of distribution rules.
[0027] The administration information includes, among other things,
terms of use and expiration data for the digital asset.
Furthermore, the administration information can include a set of
distribution rules that can be changed so that later
instantiations/transactions of the digital asset within the
electronic network distribution system can be controlled on a
transaction by transaction basis.
[0028] The rights holder system is further configured to receive
accounting information from the digital asset management system,
including: (a) information concerning the number of instantiations
of the digital asset created by transfers within the electronic
network distribution system; (b) revenue derived from and/or to be
credited for the transfers.
[0029] A further aspect of the present invention is directed to an
improved system for exchanging digital assets over a network in a
peer to peer fashion including a first computer coupled to the
network, the first computer storing a digital asset which includes
both digital content and a first unique identifier associated with
a first instantiation of the digital asset; and a second computer
coupled to the network. A first software routine executing on the
first computer and/or the second computer is adapted to coordinate
transfer of the digital asset to the second computer. By creating a
second instantiation of the digital asset for the transfer to the
second computer, including a second unique identifier, peer-to-peer
transfers can be accommodated and yet still accounted for
properly.
[0030] If either of the two client devices thereafter elects to
host the digital asset, a second transfer of the digital asset can
occur from either the first computer and/or the second computer,
the second transfer further using a third instantiation of the
digital asset and a third unique identifier. In a preferred
embodiment, the client computer devices can include a portable
electronics device, a personal computer, a personal digital
assistant, and/or a telephone, and the digital content of the
digital asset includes an MP3 based audio file.
[0031] In another variation, the second unique identifier is based
on combining information from any one or more of the following: a
first id for the first computer, a second id for the second
computer, an asset id for the digital asset, a customer id, a
randomly generated number and/or a time of the transfer.
[0032] To increase the utility of the system, a catalog of
available digital assets is maintained at the first computer; this
catalog may be based on a centralized database of items, or may
reflect only items available in nearby download locations. Thus,
the second computer can poll other computers coupled to the network
to determine an optimal transfer source for the digital asset.
[0033] Preferably, before any assets are transferred, an
authorization routine--adapted to secure agreement from a user of
the second computer to access terms associated with the digital
asset--is first executed.
[0034] Also in a preferred embodiment, a setup routine is executed
for the end user. This routine is adapted to set up a transaction
account with a digital asset management system separate from the
first computer and the second computer. The user's transaction
account includes an identifier for a user of the second computer,
identifiers for any transfers performed by the user, and billing
information associated with the transfers.
[0035] In a further variation, the first computer can also elect to
perform hosting functions, and thus receive credits from the
digital asset management system for all authorized transfers made
of digital assets.
[0036] Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a
system for managing transfers of digital assets over a network.
This aspect includes a management computer coupled to the network
(Internet) and supported by a variety of software modules and file
structures including tracking databases. A first software routine
executing on the management computer prepares a digital asset for
transfer over the network in accordance with a set of distribution
rules (preferably provided by a rights holder). A modified version
of the digital asset is generated by the first software routine
including a unique identification number associated with a first
instantiation of the modified version of the digital asset. A
second software routine executing on the management computer tracks
transfers of the digital asset over the network, by correlating a
separate instantiation of the digital asset created for each
transfer occurring over the network.
[0037] In this fashion, transfers of the digital asset can take
place in a peer-to-peer manner over the network in coordination
with the management computer and such that a complete tracking
history for the digital asset is maintained by the system. To
assist in locating and transferring digital assets, electronic
indexes and catalogs are provided by the management computer.
[0038] Preferably, the set of distribution rules are provided by a
rights-holder management system, and include restrictions on terms
of use and time periods of use. The set of distribution rules
include information on title, author, and identification numbers
for the digital asset.
[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the unique identification number
is a serial number embedded into the first instantiation of the
modified version of the digital asset using a steganographic
process. To facilitate tracking of later transfers, a subsequent
unique identification number used for a second instantiation of the
digital asset. In some applications the subsequent ID can be
derived in part from the unique identification number.
[0040] Further in a preferred approach, the first software routine
uses an index to further identify network accessible locations
available for transfers of the digital asset.
[0041] In another variation, an accounting routine is used by the
digital rights management system for performing accounting
functions in connection with the transfers, including crediting of
rights holders accounts, crediting of transaction host accounts,
and/or debiting of user accounts.
[0042] In still another variation, a monitoring routine performs
authentication operations on digital assets stored and/or
transferred between client systems over the network. The
authentication operations include a determination of an embedded
serial number of a digital asset and an identification of a last
authorized transfer of the digital asset. Depending on the findings
of such monitoring routine, adjustments can be made to a user
account, including access privileges, to ensure compliance with the
terms of use and other distribution rules.
[0043] Further in a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the
invention, a tracking database keeps a tracking history for the
digital assets, including all transfers over the network. This
history can be derived from the unique identification (serial)
number embedded steganographically within certain portions of the
digital asset. To facilitate locating the embedded serial number,
an offset can be computed and stored in a header or other portion
of the digital content file.
[0044] In a preferred implementation, therefore, distributions of
the digital asset over the network are not preconditioned on
securing authorization for individual copies of the digital
asset.
[0045] Other aspects of the present invention are directed to novel
and improved methods of introducing, transferring, tracking and
managing digital assets across a network, including in a peer to
peer connectable environment.
[0046] These include a method of distributing digital assets in a
peer-to-peer connectable environment across a network, including
between a first peer network device and a second peer network
device, which includes the following steps: (a) introducing a
digital asset into the peer-to-peer connectable environment, the
digital asset having an associated first set of distribution rules;
and (b) storing and distributing the digital asset at a first
network accessible location so that a transfer of the digital asset
can be made by the first peer network device and/or the second peer
network device; and (c) generating a tracking record associated
with the transfer; and (d) repeating at least step (c) for any
subsequent transfers of the digital asset within the network.
[0047] In accordance with this improved transfer methodology the
initial transfer, as well as any of the subsequent transfers over
the network involving the digital asset between the first peer
network device, the second peer network device and/or the first
network accessible location are processed in accordance with the
first set of distribution rules and are associated with tracking
records.
[0048] In addition another aspect of the invention concerning a
method of introducing digital assets into an electronic network
distribution system includes the following steps: (a) receiving and
storing a digital asset on a first computer coupled to the
electronic network distribution system; and (b) processing
administration information for the digital asset, including an
asset identifier and a rights-holder identifier; (c) associating
the administration information with the digital asset; and (d)
interacting with a digital asset management system to generate a
modified version of the digital asset, the modified version of the
digital asset being based on the administration information and
tracking history information provided by the digital asset
management system; (e) posting the modified version of the digital
asset to a location suitable for download by client devices from
the electronic network distribution system.
[0049] In this fashion, the digital asset is configured in a manner
such that a tracking history can be maintained by the digital asset
management system of each transfer of separate instantiations of
the digital asset between peer devices coupled to the electronic
network distribution.
[0050] Another aspect of the present invention concerns a method of
exchanging digital assets over a network and includes the steps of:
(a) storing a digital asset on a first computer coupled to the
network, which digital asset includes both digital content and a
first unique identifier associated with a first instantiation of
the digital asset; and (b) coupling the first computer to a second
computer over the network; and (c) creating a second instantiation
of the digital asset, including a second unique identifier; (d)
storing the second instantation of the digital asset at the second
computer.
[0051] Still a further aspect of the present invention is directed
to a method of managing transfers of digital assets over a network,
and includes the steps of: (a) coupling a digital asset management
computer to the network; and (b) providing a digital asset to the
digital asset management computer; and (c) providing a set of
distribution rules for the digital asset; and (d) preparing a
modified version of the digital asset for transfer over the network
in accordance with the set of distribution rules, the modified
version including a unique identification number associated with a
first instantiation of the modified version of the digital asset;
and (e) tracking transfers of the digital asset over the network.
With this inventive process, a separate instantiation of the
digital asset is created for each transfer occurring over the
network, thus facilitating accurate tracking, accounting and
security for such asset.
[0052] Yet another object of the present invention is directed a
more detailed method of providing a digital asset for distribution
including the steps of: (a) preparing a digital asset for
distribution over an electronic network, the digital asset
including digital content that is associated with a digital rights
holder; (b) providing a serial number for the digital asset, the
serial number being uniquely identified with a first introduction
of digital asset for distribution within the electronic network;
and (c) embedding the serial number within the digital asset so as
to generate a first instantiation of the digital asset suitable for
distribution over the electronic network; and (d) placing the first
instantiation of the digital asset in one or more locations
accessible by users of the electronic network; and (e) providing a
list of the one or more locations so that the users of the
electronic network can locate the first instantiation of the
digital asset; (f) updating a transaction database associated with
the digital asset to reflect an occurrence of the first
instantiation of the digital asset; (g) updating a digital asset
index database with administrative information associated with the
digital asset, including a list of the one or more locations, terms
of use of the digital asset and category information for the
digital asset. Using this inventive method, users of the electronic
network can monitor the digital asset index database before
electing to access the first instantiation and/or later
instantiations of the digital asset.
[0053] Another object of the present invention includes a method of
distributing a digital asset within an electronic network that
includes the steps of: (a) providing an index of digital assets
available for distribution over the electronic network, each
digital asset having a first serial number associated with a first
transfer within the network, and including digital content that is
associated with a digital rights holder. The index thus includes a
list of one or more locations for the digital assets, terms of use
of the digital assets and category information for the digital
assets. Additional steps performed also include: (b) providing a
second serial number for the digital asset in response to a request
for a second transfer of a digital asset, the second serial number
being embedded within the digital asset; and (c) transferring the
digital asset from a host server to a client device in response to
a confirmation of acceptance of the terms of use for the digital
asset; and (d) updating a transaction database associated with the
digital asset to reflect the second transfer of the digital
asset.
[0054] Accordingly several objects and advantages of the invention
include:
[0055] Peer-to-peer structure preserved. Assets may be transferred
in a peer-to-peer environment. This allows greater transfer
performance by decentralizing distribution and allowing any copy of
an asset to become a source for additional copies. This advantage
leads to lower operational overhead, greater transfer speed, and
more robust transfers. Peer-to-peer transaction structures are
proving very popular with users. Rights holders are not enamored
with such distribution schemes, however, as assets are being
acquired without transaction history or rights compensation. The
present invention remedies these shortcomings by creating
transaction records and accountability while preserving the ease of
use of a peer-to-peer transaction structure. Additionally the
structure of tracking transactions allows the incentivization of
hosts in the system by compensating them for hosting transfers, a
short coming in the present peer-to-peer structures where only a
small percentage of network participants elect to host asset
transfers.
[0056] Media agnostic. Since digital media formats are receptive to
steganographic techniques without noticeable quality degradation,
assets may be distributed in popular media formats. This removes
any requirements for specialized software or hardware for media
playback and allows media to be used in already popular devices and
methods and allows portability to playback systems outside the
network. Additionally the present invention may be overlaid on
existing ownership identification and rights management schemes
already present in existing and future media formats.
[0057] Flexible transaction terms. Present and proposed file
exchange systems that provide for compensation terms treat the
initial distribution of an asset as the one for which compensation
may be obtained and that compensation is static. The present
invention treats each instantiation of an asset as unique and as
such the terms of acquisition can be flexible with respect to time,
parties involved in the transaction, prior purchasing, intended
usage, etc. Further more any asset can be linked to the specific
terms under which it was transferred at any time by referencing the
serial number to the transaction record.
[0058] Rights Protection. Since each asset is marked at the time of
transfer, ownership is asserted, royalties due can be calculated,
and terms of use can be articulated. These terms can change with
each transaction or conditions surrounding the transaction as
necessary. Since assets can be identified by their mark, other
naming schemes can be used for indexing or other purposes without
affecting or obscuring ownership, royalties, terms of use, or any
other parameter that may be associated with the asset or the
transaction. Assets both in and out of the system can be identified
through their mark. Furthermore a full transaction history can be
constructed by linking the most recent mark back through the
centrally recorded transaction history. This can be useful for
tracking deviant use or distribution of assets.
[0059] From the discussion below it will be apparent that the
present invention can be used in complementary fashion alongside
any of the aforementioned prior art approaches and technologies.
Indeed one of the primary objectives of the present invention is to
work with popular existing media formats and media exchange
paradigms. Thus, another advantage of the present scheme is that
preexisting installations and/or implementers can easily overlay
the techniques discussed herein to supplement the functionality of
such systems.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0060] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the basic components
of a digital asset distribution/tracking system configured in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
[0061] FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the preferred steps involved
to introduce a digital asset into a digital asset
distribution/tracking system configured in accordance with the
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
[0062] FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the preferred steps involved
to transfer a digital asset in a digital asset
distribution/tracking system implementing the preferred embodiment
of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Overview
[0063] The present invention relates to methods and a system for
monitoring the transfer of digital assets within a network. A
preferred embodiment embeds a unique serial number in each
instantiation of an MP3 File at the time of transfer within a
peer-to-peer internet based MP3 file distribution system. This
provides a number of advantages explained further below.
[0064] Historically the concept of an "original" and a "copy" had
real meaning. Quality typically degraded as assets were copied
outside of the manufacture's control. Monetization of originals was
the only certain revenue stream to the asset Rights Holder.
Technological advances have since allowed duplication of originals
without quality degradation or discernable differences from those
released by the manufacturer. Consequently the present inventions
use a mechanism for linking assets to Rights Holders and monetizing
every instantiation of that asset. The concept of "original" and
"copy" are dispensed with. Transactions and asset paths are tracked
to provide convenient distribution while at the same time assuring
proper compensation for Rights Holders and authorized
distributors.
[0065] Recently peer-to-peer distribution systems have proved very
popular, particularly for audio files formatted according to the
MP3 standard. They require low overhead by the maintainer and
increase access speeds and decrease download times because of the
number of choices of locations from which an asset may be
downloaded. The main drawback has been monetizing the transactions
and paying royalties to the rights holders of the digital assets
being traded. This is in large part because there is no mechanism
currently to track the assets as they are transferred.
[0066] More traditional distribution schemes control the
distribution of assets through centralized control. This requires
more capital investment by the provider and does nothing to ensure
proper rights management once the customer has the asset (i.e.,
later downstream transactions to another user). Asset origins
cannot be traced once the asset has been distributed to the
customer. Furthermore, an entirely centralized distribution system
does not scale well, and cannot exploit the many benefits of a peer
to peer environment. As explained below, a preferred embodiment of
the present invention retains the advantages of a peer-to-peer
distribution while marking each distributed asset for later
identification at the time of transfer, linking the asset to
specific usage rights, and providing for royalty compensation to
the Rights Holder of the asset.
[0067] New peer-to-peer distribution schemes are beginning to
emerge that incorporate digital rights management. However these
schemes rely on encrypting the assets or the adoption of new
proprietary (and backwards incompatible) asset formats by customers
in order to provide rights management. A preferred embodiment of
the present invention avoids these pitfalls while retaining the
advantage of distributing assets in an immediately useful and
popular format by using steganographic techniques to mark each
asset without impairing its playback quality, or its usability
across a variety of preexisting hardware and software computing
platforms.
[0068] Steganographic techniques have been used in the past in a
limited fashion to watermark assets to identify ownership.
Typically this is done at the time the asset is formatted for the
purpose of ownership enforcement. Steganography has also been used
in some applications to hide information within assets. In a
preferred embodiment of the present invention steganography is used
in an entirely unique fashion to track digital assets through
intelligent marking. These markings mark an asset in such a way as
to not degrade its quality, and provide a means of linking that
asset to a transaction record. Furthermore, the mark is embedded in
such a way that removing or altering it in a non-detectable way is
difficult. This new use of steganography techniques, therefore,
allows a rights management system to be employed with existing
formats and transaction methods.
[0069] One key purpose of the present inventions is to allow
individual customers to trade digital assets with each other while
compensating rights holders for their work. The described system
allows each asset to be identified and tracked (preferably) at the
time the asset is transferred. While the described preferred
embodiment describes a system for trading MP3 files in a
peer-to-peer environment many other configurations of assets and
networks are possible.
Structure of the Preferred Embodiment
[0070] A preferred embodiment of a digital asset
distribution/tracking system 100 constructed in accordance with the
present inventions is illustrated in FIG. 1. The system is composed
of several components including a Network 102, through which a
number of separate Network Connections 104 are provided to a System
Network Device 106, a Rights Holder Network Device 108, a Host
Server Network Device 110, and a Customer Network Device 112. It
will be understood by those skilled in the art that other
components may be connected to Network 102, and that not all
connections shown need to be active at all times. There are also
several software components associated with the aforementioned
network-connected devices, including an Asset Index 114, a
Transaction Database 116, a Serial Number Assignment module 118, a
Serial Number Reconciliation Module 120, a Rights Holder Module
122, and Client Server modules 124 and 126.
[0071] Network 102 is preferably the Internet, but could be any
implemented in any variety of commonly used architectures,
including WAN, LAN, etc. Network Connections 104 are conventional
dial-up and/or network connections, such as from analog/digital
modems, cable modems, etc., between any conventional network device
and an Internet Service Provider in combination with browser
software such as Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer or
AOL. In most applications, Rights Holder Network Device 108 and
Customer Network Device 112 will be typically personal computers,
while the System Network Device 106 and Host Server Network Device
110 are typically network servers. Of course, other structures and
architectures may be more suitable on a case by case basis for any
particular implementation of the present inventions, and so the
present inventions are not limited in this respect.
[0072] Software elements of the present invention typically will be
custom tailored for a particular application, but preferably will
include some common features, including the following.
[0073] Operating on System Network Device 106 are the following
software routines and/or supporting structures, which implement a
form of digital asset management. First, an Asset Index 114
contains a list of digital assets available on the network
organized and searchable by Title, Artist and other attributes as
determined by customer popularity, system administrative
requirements, and the like. A Transaction Database 116 contains
information about each transaction that takes place within system
100 with a serial number primary key linked to such information as
asset, rights holder, time of transfer, length of time of transfer,
customer, host of transfer, terms in effect at time of transfer,
etc. A Serial Number Assignment Module 118 doles out unique serial
numbers in response to a transaction request. A Serial Number
Reconciliation Module 120 receives assigned Serial Numbers from
Serial Number Assignment Module 118 and reconcile them with
completed transaction updates from customers. A Serial Number
Reconciliation Module 120 periodically assesses transfer completion
performance based on open and closed transactions associated with
transaction hosts and the time it took for transactions to
complete.
[0074] On the Rights Holder Network Device 108, a Rights Holder
Client module 122 communicates with Serial Number Assignment Module
118 and Serial Number Reconciliation Module 120 to allow a rights
holder to introduce an asset in to the system. As used herein, a
rights holder refers to an entity that has at least some ownership
interest in some form of content to be disseminated within system
100, and who wishes to be compensated in some fashion for
distribution/use of such content in accordance with a set of
distribution rules (discussed later). In this regard, Rights Holder
Network device 108 may be shared by any number of individuals,
corporations, etc., who wish to introduce content to system
100.
[0075] On Host Server Network Device 110 a Client Server module 124
allows two parties involved in a transaction to transfer an asset
between them over network 102. This device further acts as an
initial repository and later accessible download site, if desired,
for introductions of digital assets.
[0076] System Network Device 106 further includes an Accounting
Module 126 to reconcile accounts of the Rights Holder, Host, and
Customer after the completion of each transaction. It is expected,
for example, that some or all of such entities may share in the
compensation charged for each transaction according to some
tailorable formula. This module also calculates transaction
performance characteristics such as time of transfer, volume of
transfers, and percentage completion for the Hoster, Customer,
Rights Holder, and the individual digital asset, which information
may be periodically updated in Index 114 and Transaction Database
116.
[0077] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this is
not the entire set of software modules that can be used, or an
exhaustive list of all operations executed by such modules. It is
expected, in fact, that other features will be added by system
operators in accordance with customer preferences and/or system
performance requirements.
Operation of the Preferred Embodiment
[0078] As seen above, a system 100 is essentially a type of
commerce system for peer-to-peer transactions of MP3 format music
files. There are two major processes involved in its operation, as
well as a number of secondary operational processes discussed
further below. The first primary process involves introducing
assets for sale or trade in to the system. This process is outlined
in FIG. 2. The second primary process involves the actual purchase,
trade and tracking of music files within the system. This process
is outlined in FIG. 3.
Introducing Digital Assets
[0079] As illustrated in FIG. 2 the first step 210 to introducing a
digital asset into an electronic network distribution system is for
a Rights Holder (or other authorized party) to prepare or acquire
an MP3 formatted music file (or some other digital content) for
introduction into system 100. Such digital content may arrive from
any number of different sources, and through various delivery
mechanisms, including fixed media, standard wire based connections,
wireless connections, etc. Moreover, while the preferred embodiment
is beneficially used with an MP3 based file system, the present
invention is not limited in this respect. Any number of well know
types of electronic content can be put into suitable form for
distribution within system 100.
[0080] In step 212 the Rights Holder runs a copy of the Rights
Holder software 122 on Rights Holder Network Device 108 to provide
a Serial Number Assignment Module 118 on System Network Device 106
with identifying information about themselves and indexing
information for the content (file) to be introduced. Typically this
information would include all the information that might be useful
for indexing the asset within Index 114.
For example:
[0081] performer/artist
[0082] producer/agent
[0083] label
[0084] writer/creator
[0085] description
[0086] title
[0087] Terms of use information governing the transactions would
also be included such as terms and expiration. Administrative
information could also be included such as an Asset Identifier, a
Rights Holder Identifier, and a copyright registration number or
the like. The Rights Holder software would receive back an Asset
Identifier, a Serial Number, and an Offset. Other types of
information and variations on the above will be apparent to those
skilled in the art from the present teachings. For instance, it may
be useful to provide a pointer or URL with the content which
specifies a network accessible database providing additional
historical, biographical, and trivia data concerning the asset or
its creators. Furthermore, it may not be necessary in all cases for
a Rights Holder to provide explicit information for each separate
asset introduced. In other words, it is possible that Rights
holders can specify a set of implicit distribution rules in
advance, so that some distribution systems will only require a
minimal set of final distribution rules before the asset can be
introduced.
[0088] In step 214 an Asset Identifier is preferably placed in an
obvious location within the MP3 music file itself--most preferably
in the comments section of a tag portion of such file, or in an
extended title field, or even pre-pended to such file. The Asset
Identifier includes an Offset; the Offset specifies where to place
a Serial Number in the MP3 file being marked, using steganographic
techniques. A preferred approach is to use the Offset to specify a
valid frame and word count within the MP3 file to begin the
marking. The Serial Number is then encoded one bit at a time in the
least significant bit of successive data words until the entire
Serial Number is encoded. The frame CRC, if present, is also
modified to reflect a new CRC for the frame.
[0089] It should be remembered that these are simply preferred
approaches for the embodiment described herein, and that many other
suitable variations are possible for any particular application.
For instance, the Offset may not be needed in some cases because it
can be set to some default value for a particular rights holder, or
even randomly generated at the time of transfer. The Offset could
also be encrypted, and/or be referenced with respect to some other
identifying point within the file, such as an object contained
therein. These are but examples of course, and the present
invention is not limited to any particular implementation.
[0090] Furthermore, for some types of content, it may be possible
to identify non-critical or blank data areas that are more
appropriate for steganographically embedding the Serial Number.
Other variations and modifications will be apparent to those
skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the Offset and (at
least initial) Serial Number are preferably provided by the System
Network Device 108, but could be provided by Rights Holder Network
Device 108 in some applications. Similarly, Asset Identifiers may
be automatically generated without requiring specific input from a
rights holder. In step 216 the marked file, representing a modified
version of the original MP3 file, is placed on a Host Server 110
within system 100 as the initial (first) instantiation of a digital
asset that now can be transferred and easily tracked. While shown
as a separate device, Host Server 110 could be the Rights Holder
Network device 108 itself, a third party service provider device,
any customer device within the system, or any combination of such
devices. Similarly, System Network Device 106 is shown as a
separate system, but, again, in some applications could be
integrated in some form as part of Rights Holder Network Device 108
and/or Host Server Network Device 110.
[0091] At step 218 Rights Holder module 122 interacts with and
provides Serial Number Reconciliation Module 120 at System Network
Device 106 with the locations on which the digital asset may be
found, including at one or more separate network accessible Host
Server Network Devices 110. The latter device may be connected to
Network 102, and/or may provide other data paths for downloading
files across some other transmission medium, such as a wireless
network.
[0092] In step 220 Serial Number Reconciliation Module 120 then
updates Transaction Database 116 with any information provided to
Serial Number Assignment Module 118 during step 212.
[0093] In step 222 Serial Number Reconciliation Module 120 updates
Index 114 with appropriate category listings, terms of use, and
servers 110 on which the digital asset may be found for the digital
content (MP3 music file) introduced.
[0094] At this point, therefore, the Rights Holder Network Device
108 has successfully completed any material steps for introducing a
digital asset for distribution. As created, this digital asset can
be downloaded by any number of peer devices 112 and subsequently
tracked by a digital asset management system as transfers take
place within system 100.
[0095] While not explicitly shown or described herein, the details
of the various software routines, executable code, etc., required
to effectuate the functionality discussed above are not material to
the present invention, and may be implemented in any number of ways
known to those skilled in the art.
Transfers of Digital Assets to/Between Peer Devices
[0096] Much more common, of course, will be customer transactions
as documented in FIG. 3. Beginning in step 310 a customer uses
their copy of Client Server module 124 to browse an Index 114
resident on System Network Device 106. As alluded to earlier, the
Customer Network Device 112 can connect to Network 102 in any
number of different ways, including through land-based and wireless
channels. To obtain access to System Network Device 106, a user
first sets up an account in any conventional fashion, including
with user identification information, user charge account
information, and other similar data.
[0097] After reviewing Index 114, a user than makes a selection of
a digital asset to acquire in step 312. This step also preferably
includes a review and acknowledgement of at least some portions of
the set of distribution rules associated with the selected digital
asset, including the terms of use, before proceeding to further
steps. Again, Index 114 is shown as being located at System Network
Device 106, but it may be conveniently placed at other locations
for perusal.
[0098] Based on indexing information for the selected digital
asset, several host options may be presented to the customer and
may include any location that is available to transfer the selected
asset including Rights Holder Network Device 108, 3rd party hosters
(such as Host Server 110), System Network Device 106, and/or other
customer network devices 112. In another variation, to further
enhance the usability of system 100, the user can also be presented
with various additional options for download, so that, for example,
a first connection to Network 102 might be used for
browsing/selecting assets, while a separate connection (Internet,
wireless, cable based, etc.) is used for downloading the actual
assets. This would further allow data traffic to/from customers and
download sites to be managed and divided intelligently according to
cost, availability of bandwidth availability, etc. For instance a
user could employ a hand held PDA device 112 having access to a
narrowband channel for selecting a particular item, and then
indicate that an actual download of the digital asset to a separate
customer network device 112' be done using a relatively high speed
broadband connection.
[0099] In step 314 Client Server module 124 gets the location of
host and asset identifier information from Index 114 which
correspond to a selected digital asset (MP3 music file) to be
downloaded. Accordingly, at this point, a proposed data path is
established for a new transaction involving a transfer between two
separate computers coupled to network 102, of a particular
instantiation of a digital asset, including in a peer to peer
fashion between two client devices 112. For ease of use, the setup
and transfer may be performed by either or both of such
devices.
[0100] As noted earlier, a first instantiation of the digital asset
is created based on an original offset and serial number embedded
within the digital content. To allow for tracking of the particular
transfer, a new instantiation of the digital asset is made. In step
316 Client Server module 124 gets a new serial number and new
offset for this transaction from the Serial Number Assignment
Module 118. The new serial number and new offset are used to create
a unique instantiation of the digital asset for the particular
transaction. Thus, instead of merely copying the digital content as
part of the transfer, the present invention creates a separate
instantiation to facilitate tracking of each transfer (or
transaction) within system 100.
[0101] In some applications where security and accounting is not as
critical (or can be remedied by other mechanisms consistent with
the present teachings) it is possible that actual separate
instantiations of the digital asset might not be required. Instead,
it might be more practical to simply track the point-to-point
movement of a digital asset across network between one or more
Customer Network devices 112, and/or Host Server Network Device
110.
[0102] Serial Number Assignment Module 118 also preferably passes
on such details as:
[0103] serial number
[0104] customer identifier
[0105] asset identifier
[0106] agreed to terms of use
[0107] host identifier
to Serial Number Reconciliation Module 120 which will keep these
items until step 328 or a routine clean up should the transaction
never complete.
[0108] In step 318 Client Server module 124 on Customer Network
Device 112 contacts corresponding Client Server module 124 on Host
Network Device 110 to begin the process of transferring the file.
As mentioned earlier, it is not necessary that such actual file
transfer occur over the same channel/session, or even the same
network 102.
[0109] In step 320 Client Server module 124 at Host Server Network
Device 110 sends tracking information to Serial Number
Reconciliation Module 120 such as:
[0110] customer identifier
[0111] host identifier
[0112] new serial number
[0113] old serial number
[0114] asset identifier
[0115] The Serial Number Reconciliation Module records this
tracking information along with a time stamp for further use during
step 328. Again, it should be emphasized that these items for the
tracking information are merely illustrative of the various kinds
of useful information that can be maintained, and other examples
will be apparent from the present teachings. It is expected, in
fact, that the precise types of information to be maintained will
vary significantly from application to application.
[0116] In step 322 Host Server Network Device 110 sends the
selected digital asset to the customer using any desired standard
file transfer method (including conventional internet file transfer
techniques) which could include a mechanism for recovery/completion
of the transaction if the transfer is incomplete.
[0117] At the completion of the transfer, Host Server Network
Device initiates step 324 by contacting Serial Number
Reconciliation Module 120 to report completion of the transfer or
its abandonment and the reasons for such. This may be as simple as
reporting just the new serial number but may also include
information about the process of the transfer itself including
number of transfer attempts, interruption information etc. Serial
Number Reconciliation Module 120 the (optionally) adds a time stamp
to the tracking information and saves it for step 328.
[0118] At step 326 Customer Client Server module 124 marks the
digital asset file with the new serial number and offset preferably
using the same steganographic technique described above in
connection with FIG. 2, and then stores the digital asset in a form
suitable for later retrieval and play on the user's system.
Accordingly, at the end of the transfer, a second instantiation of
the digital asset has been completed and stored for later transfer
to yet another customer if desired.
[0119] Customer client server module 124 also contacts Serial
Number Reconciliation Module 120 in step 328. It reports the
transaction as being complete and also indicates whether and where
the second instantiation of the digital asset can be found for
transfer to other customers in system 100. Serial Number
Reconciliation Module 120 time stamps this transaction.
[0120] In step 330 Serial Number Reconciliation Module 120 wraps up
the transaction. An entry is made in Transaction Database 116
including such tracking information as:
[0121] new serial number
[0122] old serial number
[0123] customer identifier
[0124] host identifier
[0125] terms agrees to by the customer
[0126] asset identifier
[0127] Of course, other databases may be updated including a
customer database (not shown) that may indicate account status and
a host database (not shown) that may indicate quality and volume of
the transactions involving that particular host.
[0128] In step 332 Index 114 is updated to reflect whether the
customer indicated that they are becoming a host for this digital
asset.
[0129] As a final step 334 accounting tasks are performed by
Accounting Module 126. This could include crediting the account of
the Rights Holder according to the agreed upon transfer terms,
crediting the account of the transaction host, and debiting the
account of the customer that received the transaction. Other
conventional accounting operations can also be performed in
accordance with the needs and options desired for a particular
implementation.
[0130] As with the digital asset introduction software modules, the
various software routines, executable code, etc., required to
effectuate the functionality discussed above are not material to
the present invention, and may be implemented in any number of ways
known to those skilled in the art.
Other Features & Variations of Present Invention
Rogue Assets and Asset Monitoring
[0131] In another variation of the present invention, detection of
"rogue" assets is performed prior to transfers. By this it is meant
that a first customer may attempt to download a digital asset from
a second customer, and in the process of doing so, System Network
Device 106 may detect that there is no appropriate tracking record
reflecting a prior authorized transfer to such second customer.
Should a rogue asset be uncovered it can be analyzed to determine
what asset it is (asset identifier, name, performer etc). At that
point it can be searched for the embedded serial numbers that will
lead to a complete transaction history for the asset when it was
legitimately transferred. The last legitimate transaction can
indicate where the asset escaped the system. To prevent further
unauthorized transactions, appropriate countermeasures can be
taken; for instance, the second customer's access privileges may be
suspended or eliminated. At the very least, the source of the rogue
asset would have to explain how it came in to their possession, and
such actions are likely to inhibit further unauthorized
disseminations of digital content. Furthermore, since a complete
transaction histories are kept for each digital asset, it is not
possible for users to simply extract proprietary content without
being held accountable for their actions. In contrast, in existing
distribution schemes, it is essentially impossible to determine the
origin of unauthorized distributions. Furthermore, the present
system is sufficiently flexible in that it may still allow a
"rogue" asset transfer to be completed by simply converting it to
an authorized digital asset with new tracking information. In this
manner, the user's experience is not burdened by such monitorings,
and in particular, the first user is not burdened with the task of
determining the legitimacy of assets made available within system
100.
[0132] As a further enhancement to the system, proactive asset
monitoring measures can also be taken. Possible repositories of
assets can be searched and the assets checked for legitimacy
following a similar approach to that outlined in the previous
paragraph.
Distributed Index in Peer to Peer Implementations
[0133] As described above, system 100 has a centralized index 114
at System Network Device 106. In another variation, System 100
could also be implemented in a more true peer to peer fashion with
Client Server module 124 including additional software that can
catalog the MP3 music files it has local access to, as well as poll
"nearby" Client Servers of other customers' network devices 112 for
MP3 file attributes it is looking for, thus creating a form of
distributed index 114.
Accounting Module Variations
[0134] Accounting Module 126 is also a centralized system that
provides accounting functions for system 100. Some implementations
could be coupled with a third party accounting system or a
peer-to-peer accounting method. Furthermore, some implementations
may not require an accounting module at all.
[0135] Similarly, in system implementations where centralized
management is not desirable or possible, Client Server module 124
could pass along administration information with asset transfers
while maintaining a local transaction database equivalent of
centralized transaction database 116. An accounting of transfers
and transactions could then be made on a periodic basis by having
an accounting server check the local transaction databases of
client network devices, or having such devices report their own
records to such servers. This variation, therefore, uses a kind of
electronic "meter checking" to monitor usage, downloads, etc.
[0136] Thus, as is evident from the above, a primarily peer-to-peer
transaction system can be built that allows exchange of existing
formats while tracking licensing, royalties, and providing rights
management.
Serial Number Variations
[0137] The preferred embodiment uses Serial Numbers that are
assigned centrally in a random unique way. Serial Numbers could
also be generated either centrally or local to the transaction and
guaranteed uniqueness by aggregating information unique to the
transaction; for example: the host id, customer id, asset id, and
time of transaction.
Asset Introduction Variations
[0138] Although in the preferred embodiment Rights Holders
introduce their assets into system 100, this is not required to
exploit the benefits of the inventions herein. So, system 100 will
easily accommodate digital assets introduced by parties other than
the Rights Holder, as long as there is some additional mechanism
for identifying and attaching appropriate rights to such assets.
This can be done through any number of conventional programming
techniques known to those skilled in the art.
Customer Network Devices
[0139] As noted earlier, a Network device (including Customer
Network Device 112, Rights Holder Network Device 108, System
Network Device 106 and/or Host Server Network Device 110) need not
be constantly connected to network 102 to be a part of system 100.
In fact, in many cases, Customer Network Device 112 users do not
stay connected at all times to their ISP. Transaction information
and requests could be stored up on such devices for transmittal at
an appropriate future time with the necessary resources. Thus,
deferred or time-divided transfers are also easily effectuated
within the parameters of the present inventions.
[0140] In another variation, a Network Device might work with
multiple digital asset management systems 100 on the same or
different networks 102. In other words, different markets or
environments could be used to distribute different types of digital
assets based on different distribution rules and in accordance with
the present teachings.
[0141] In a further variation, a network device may be able to move
digital assets singly or in bulk according to a set of distribution
rules between different digital asset distribution/tracking
systems. For example, musical tastes tend to start in certain
geographic areas and then migrate to others. The top 10 favorite
music pieces from one geographic region for a particular
demographic group could thus be automatically transferred on a
regular basis as part of a "stocking" routine at Rights Holder
Network Device 108 to ensure popular support for the system.
[0142] In some instances, a user of a network device 112 can also
elect to perform hosting functions. In exchange for supporting such
transfers, the user can be given some form of
credit/reimbursement/discounts from the digital asset management
system for all authorized transfers made of digital assets. Ratings
for various peer based hosts can also be maintained to increase the
popularity and appeal of system 100.
[0143] In another application of the present invention, customer
network device 112 may comprise a form of digital jukebox or kiosk
located at a physical facility such as a restaurant, a bar (or
similar entertainment establishment) or it could even be integrated
as part of an airplane (transportation) seat entertainment system.
The digital jukebox stores and presents content for selection to
prospective customers in any number of conventional ways. For
example, a conventional monitor, display, etc., can provide album,
artist, song information visually to a user. Selection of a
particular track can be made using any number of conventional
mechanisms, including touch screens, keypads, buttons, etc. A
conventional debiting system (coin or credit based) is used for
collecting payment from the user. After verifying payment and
selection, the digital jukebox preferably creates yet another
instantiation of the digital asset chosen by the user, and such
information is again tracked by system network device 106. In this
fashion, a versatile, easily modified digital jukebox with access
to a wide variety of content can be implemented in a variety of
facilities. This application may be desirable where it is desired
to minimize investment in fixed media (such as CDs, Records, tapes,
etc.) which rapidly become obsolete due to changing tastes, and
which require a fixed capital investment on the part of the
proprietor.
[0144] Furthermore, client server 124 of the digital jukebox itself
may include a centralized computer that is accessed by a number of
distributed access nodes (not shown) at any particular facility.
For instance in a casino, healthclub, or similar establishment a
variety of fixed stations can be presented with trackable content
(i.e., visually on a screen or audibly through a speaker, headphone
or earphone) to a particular user to enhance his/her experience in
a particular forum. This approach is also advantageous in mass
transportation systems, such as airplanes, trains or cruise ships,
and can be integrated within a personalized passenger seat
entertainment system. Furthermore, from the perspective of digital
rights holders, this approach may be attractive because the
possibility of unauthorized accesses is greatly reduced in such
controlled facilities.
[0145] To further augment the capabilities and attractiveness of
this approach, a mechanism for providing music samples can be
included as well, to increase likelihood and ease of use for the
customer. For example, a small speaker, headphone or earphone is
used as an output device, and in a fashion so as to not interfere
or be disturbed by a main audio output provided by the digital
jukebox. While such types of sampling are provided by some online
sites (such as Amazon for example) the applicants are unaware of
any such functionality provided at a physical facility in a digital
jukebox.
[0146] In yet a further variation, the customer network device 112
can be implemented in the form of a digital vending machine, or a
similar architecture suitable for hot-docking a phone, an MP3
player, or the like. For example, a number of conventional hand
held devices now utilize memory stick technologies from a variety
of vendors. By including some programming functionality in a
digital vending machine, a user can select, store and/or play
content on a portable personal digital appliance by modifying a
modular memory device used by such appliance. Similarly, many hand
held devices (including MP3 players) include standardized bus
interfaces, including USB types, Firewire, etc. By including such
bus on a digital vending machine, programming content on such hand
held devices also becomes possible.
Digital Assets
[0147] Although the described preferred system 100 is optimized for
transacting MP3 music files, as used herein, the term "digital
asset" is intended in its broadest sense to encompass any number of
different types of content, items (or electronic proxies for
physical items) that can be distributed electronically. For
instance, the present inventions could also be applied to other
audio formats, video, pictures, interactive games, virtual
experiences, programs, instruction sets, e-mail, webpages,
advertisements, text (newspapers, books, op-ed pieces, articles and
similar human readable media), etc. In other environments, digital
assets could also be a form of electronic proxy and thus represent
tangible goods such as merchandise to be delivered, merchandise
redemption tickets, periodical products, etc. Similarly, Rights of
use products can also be represented as digital assets such as
event entry, time-share slots, pay per view, club membership, car
rental, accommodation, travel, restaurant reservations, etc.
Subscription products can also be represented as digital assets
such as product of the month, magazine subscriptions, vacation
clubs etc. Service products can also be represented such as car
washes, haircuts, auto service, shipping, telephone service, house
cleaning, etc. Financial products can also be represented as
digital assets such as insurance, financial asset certificate,
mortgages, loans, futures, income streams, digital cash, credit,
dividends, etc. Commitments can also be represented as digital
assets such as mortgages, loans, rent, short sales, subscriptions,
etc. A variety of asset types could be managed by the same system
simultaneously. Different products could also be combined in to a
single digital asset.
[0148] Accordingly, the present inventions are expected to enable a
wide variety of unique, useful and popular electronic
market/distribution communities because the principles are easily
extended to a wide variety of tradable items.
Steganographic Variations
[0149] While the preferred embodiment discussed above uses a
steganographic technique for embedding a serial number in an MP3
file, there are many other approaches that could accomplish this
same function. Furthermore, it is expected that the particular
mechanism used to provide and associated serial numbers will be
different from application to application, because various digital
asset formats are receptive to different approaches.
[0150] In addition, as alluded to earlier, digital asset serial
numbers could be prepended or postpended; alternatively, unused
portions of the digital asset could be used to store the serial
numbers. Finally, a modified format for a digital asset could be
created to accommodate the serial number, such as new variation of
an MP3 file, MPEG file, etc. For example, one or more standards
groups or industry groups may utilize a form of digital asset that
includes fields intended to accommodate a serial number.
Tracking Variations
[0151] The preferred embodiment embeds successive serial numbers in
the media file in different unique locales for each instantiation
of the digital asset, in a kind of passport-stamping approach This
makes it harder to remove traces of the transaction history and
easier to identify the transaction history, including all transfers
occurring over the network, should the need arise. However in some
cases the particular media for a digital asset may be better suited
to storing only one or a limited number of serial numbers. In such
cases the entire transaction history can be reconstructed by
recovering a single serial number since each transaction references
the serial number of the previous transfer, and database 116
maintains a record of each transfer.
[0152] The preferred embodiment describes the process of asset
exchange by referring to the serial number as being linked in a one
to one relationship with a transaction, and having a value based in
some fashion on the characteristics of the transaction.
Nonetheless, in another variation, it could just as easily be
structured around the one to one relationship of the serial number
and every instantiation of any asset, so that the serial number has
a value based in some fashion on the characteristic of the digital
asset.
Network Variations
[0153] System 100 described in the preferred embodiment makes use
of a network 102 (preferably the internet) as well as a variety of
network devices such as personal computers, and servers. System 100
could just as easily been described on any network 102 to which
network devices and storage devices are attached. Possible devices
include PDA's, cell phones, smart appliances to name a few.
Possible networks include private network systems and future public
network systems using cable, telephone, optical, wireless, fiber,
and other pipe and broadcast technologies.
[0154] It can be seen quite clearly that the present inventions
provide an additional measure of flexibility in managing digital
assets within a particular distribution environment. It is no
longer impossible to achieve the dual aims of both security for the
rights holder, and ease of use for the end user. By permitting
digital assets to be easily transacted in an open environment, and
without cumbersome proprietary formats, the usability and
attractiveness of a digital asset distribution network is
considerably enhanced. The present invention achieves such goals by
making the process easy for the various related entities and by
operating in the background or in a transparent fashion that does
not impede the utility and security of the overall system. In
contrast to prior art systems which simply allow wholesale copying
of digital assets without accountability, the present invention
also addresses the needs and concerns of digital rights holders to
ensure their participation and ultimate success of the system.
[0155] Although the present invention has been described in terms
of a preferred embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in
the art that many alterations and modifications may be made to such
embodiments without departing from the teachings of the present
invention. Other types of components beyond those illustrated in
the foregoing detailed description can be used suitably with the
present invention. Similarly, descriptions of many common
components usable with the inventions and known to skilled artisans
have been omitted so as to not obfuscate the present teachings.
Accordingly, it is intended that the all such alterations,
modifications and additions be included within the scope and spirit
of the invention as defined by the following claims.
[0156] Finally, it should be noted that the Title and Abstract of
the present disclosure have been provided solely to satisfy certain
U.S. governmental administrative requirements, including the
indexing requirements of 37 C.F.R. 1.72, and for no other purpose.
As such, such portions of the present disclosure should not be
relied upon for interpreting and/or limiting the scope of the
present claims.
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