U.S. patent application number 13/205442 was filed with the patent office on 2011-12-01 for preparation of a saturated aldehyde.
This patent application is currently assigned to DSM IP Assets B.V.. Invention is credited to Jeroen Antonius Franciscus Boogers, Andreas Hendrikus Maria De Vries, Lizette Schmieder, Henricus Martinus Maria Gerardus Straatman, Gerardus Karel Maria Verzijl.
Application Number | 20110294171 13/205442 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38800848 |
Filed Date | 2011-12-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110294171 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Verzijl; Gerardus Karel Maria ;
et al. |
December 1, 2011 |
PREPARATION OF A SATURATED ALDEHYDE
Abstract
The invention relates to a compound according to Formula (IX)
##STR00001## and salts thereof, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and
R.sub.5 are each independently selected from H and hydrocarbon
moieties, which hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprise one or
more heteroatoms, and which hydrocarbons optionally comprise
substituents, or when the compound according to formula (IX) is a
salt, R.sub.1 and/or R.sub.2 may be a cation, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4
each independently selected from hydrocarbon moieties, which
hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprise one or more heteroatoms,
and which hydrocarbons optionally comprise substituents, and
wherein any two of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5
are optionally linked together to form a ring structure. The
invention further relates to the preparation of such a compound and
to the use of such a compound for preparing a pharmaceutical
compound, an agrochemical compound, an intermediate for a
pharmaceutical compound or an intermediate for an agrochemical
compound.
Inventors: |
Verzijl; Gerardus Karel Maria;
(AR Well, NL) ; Straatman; Henricus Martinus Maria
Gerardus; (LG Horst, NL) ; De Vries; Andreas
Hendrikus Maria; (CR Maastricht, NL) ; Schmieder;
Lizette; (AB Haelen, NL) ; Boogers; Jeroen Antonius
Franciscus; (JK Maastricht, NL) |
Assignee: |
DSM IP Assets B.V.
Heerlen
NL
|
Family ID: |
38800848 |
Appl. No.: |
13/205442 |
Filed: |
August 8, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12668232 |
Apr 5, 2010 |
|
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PCT/EP2008/059144 |
Jul 11, 2008 |
|
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13205442 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
435/129 ;
435/147; 435/155; 564/157; 568/426; 568/650 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07C 37/002 20130101;
C07C 47/27 20130101; C07C 41/22 20130101; C12P 7/04 20130101; C07C
41/26 20130101; C07C 45/562 20130101; C07C 37/002 20130101; C07C
47/277 20130101; C07C 41/26 20130101; C07C 37/62 20130101; C07C
45/62 20130101; C07C 45/562 20130101; C07C 309/73 20130101; C07C
37/62 20130101; C07C 45/62 20130101; C07C 41/22 20130101; C07C
37/002 20130101; C12P 7/24 20130101; C07C 43/225 20130101; C07C
39/24 20130101; C07C 39/11 20130101; C07C 39/373 20130101; C07C
47/277 20130101; C07C 47/277 20130101; C07C 69/78 20130101; C07C
43/23 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
435/129 ;
435/147; 435/155; 564/157; 568/426; 568/650 |
International
Class: |
C12P 13/02 20060101
C12P013/02; C07C 41/01 20060101 C07C041/01; C07C 237/20 20060101
C07C237/20; C07C 45/61 20060101 C07C045/61; C12P 7/24 20060101
C12P007/24; C12P 7/02 20060101 C12P007/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 11, 2007 |
EP |
07013561.1 |
Claims
1. Method for preparing a compound of the Formula (IX) ##STR00020##
and salts thereof, wherein the method comprises: converting the
.alpha.,.beta. carbon-carbon unsaturation of an E-isomer, a
Z-isomer or a mixture of an E-isomer and a Z-isomer of a compound
according to Formula (I) ##STR00021## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2
are each independently selected from H and hydrocarbon moieties,
which hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprise one or more
heteroatoms, and which hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprise
substituents, or when the compound according to formula (IX) is a
salt. R.sub.1 and/or R.sub.2 may be a cation, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4
each independently are selected from the group of C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl and R.sub.5 is selected from H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxyls,
tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)silyls, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyls, and
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are optionally linked together to form
a ring structure.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the compound according to
Formula (I), is converted using a catalyst selected from the group
of heterogeneous hydrogenation metal catalysts, enzymes, and
homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein a homogeneous hydrogenation
catalyst is used, in particular a metal or metal ion complex, more
in particular a complex selected from the group of rhodium
complexes, ruthenium complexes, iridium complexes and platinum
complexes.
4. Method according to claim 2, wherein an enzyme is used selected
from the group of oxidoreductases, in particular from the group of
ene reductases.
5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the conversion of the
.alpha.,.beta. carbon-carbon unsaturation of an E-isomer, a
Z-isomer or a mixture of an E-isomer and a Z-isomer of a compound
according to Formula (I) is carried out under isomerising
conditions, said isomerising conditions preferably comprising the
presence of a compound capable of participating in a Michael
addition and a retro-Michael addition, more preferably in the
presence of a compound selected from the group of thiols, including
thioalkohols; halogens; secondary amines; and tertiary amines.
6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula
(IX) is formed enantioselectively with respect to the R-isomer or
the S-isomer, preferably the R-isomer is prepared in excess over
the S-isomer.
7. Method according to claim 1, wherein R.sub.1 is 3-methoxypropyl,
R.sub.2, is methyl, R.sub.3, is methyl, R.sub.4 is methyl and
R.sub.5 is H.
8. Method for preparing a compound according to Formula (II)
##STR00022## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently
selected from H and hydrocarbon moieties, which hydrocarbon
moieties optionally comprise one or more heteroatoms, and which
hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprise substituents, or when the
compound according to formula (IX) is a salt, R.sub.1 and/or
R.sub.2 may be a cation, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently are
selected from the group of C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and R.sub.5 is
selected from H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxyls, tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)silyls, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyls, and wherein R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 are optionally linked together to form a ring structure,
and wherein the method comprises reducing the aldehyde group of a
compound according to Formula (IX).
9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the compound of Formula
(II) is formed enantioselectively with respect to the R-isomer or
the S-isomer, preferably wherein the R-isomer is prepared in excess
of the S-isomer.
10. Method according to claim 8, wherein the preparation is carried
out under conditions under which the compound according to Formula
(IX) is racemizing.
11. Method according to claim 8, wherein a hydrogenation catalyst
is present, preferably the hydrogenation catalyst is an enzyme,
preferably an Alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH), or a homogeneous
catalyst.
12. Method for preparing a compound according to Formula (X)
##STR00023## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently
selected from H and hydrocarbon moieties, which hydrocarbon
moieties optionally comprise one or more heteroatoms, and which
hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprise substituents, or when the
compound according to formula (IX) is a salt, R.sub.1 and/or
R.sub.2 may be a cation, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently are
selected from the group of C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and R.sub.5 is
selected from H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxyls, tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)silyls, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyls, and wherein R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 are optionally linked together to form a ring structure;
and Hal is a halogen atom, wherein the method comprises
substituting the hydroxyl of a compound according to Formula (II),
obtained in a method according to claim 8, by a halogen atom,
preferably Cl.
13. Use of a compound according to claim 1, as an intermediate
compound for preparing a pharmaceutically active compound or an
agrochemical.
14. Use of a compound according to claim 1, as an intermediate
compound for preparing a compound according to the Formula (XVII)
or a suitable salt thereof, in particular a fumerate salt,
##STR00024## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently
selected from H and hydrocarbon moieties, which hydrocarbon
moieties optionally comprise one or more heteroatoms, and which
hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprise substituents, or when the
compound according to formula (IX) is a salt, R.sub.1 and/or
R.sub.2 may be a cation, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently are
selected from the group of C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and R.sub.5 is
selected from H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxyls, tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl)silyls, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyls, and wherein R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 are optionally linked together to form a ring structure.
Description
[0001] This application is a continuation of commonly owned
co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 12/668,232, filed Jan. 8,
2010, which in turn is the national phase application under 35 USC
.sctn.371 of PCT/EP2008/059144, filed Jul. 11, 2008, which
designated the U.S. and claims priority to EP 07013561.1, Jul. 11,
2007, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated
by reference.
[0002] The invention relates to a novel aldehyde, to a method for
preparing such an aldehyde and to the use of such an aldehyde as an
intermediate compound for the preparation of a pharmaceutical or
agrochemical.
[0003] It is known that
.delta.-amino-.gamma.-hydroxy-.omega.-aryl-octanoyl-amides exhibit
pharmaceutical activity, as described in EP-A-0678503. In
particular such compounds have been described to exhibit
antihypertensive activity. Such compounds can be prepared from
substituted 2-alkyl-3-phenyl-1-propanols. The preparation of such
an alcohol is described in WO 02/02487. The described method
requires a plurality of steps. First an aldol reaction is performed
between a substituted benzaldehyde and an aliphatic ester to form
the Aldol product. The Aldol-product is isolated and only
thereafter the hydroxide is converted into a leaving group. Next,
an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic ester is formed in the
presence of a strong base. In a further reaction step the
carboxylic ester is reduced to form an unsaturated alcohol. The
unsaturated alcohol is hydrogenated in yet another step making use
of an asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst.
[0004] It is a drawback of the method described in WO 02/02487 that
the aldol-product needs to be isolated and the hydroxide group
thereof converted into a leaving group before forming the
unsaturated carboxylic acid ester. Further, the yield of the
desired isomer is relatively low (about 57%, starting from the
aldehyde). The anti-diastereomer is removed without further use.
Moreover, the plurality of reaction steps may make the process
complicated.
[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel
compound which is useful for preparing a pharmaceutical, an
intermediate for a pharmaceutical, or an intermediate for an
Agrochemical, in particular a compound suitable for preparing a
.delta.-amino-.gamma.-hydroxy-.omega.-aryl-octanoyl-amide or a
substituted 2-alkyl-3-phenyl-1-propanol compound suitable for
preparing such octanoyl-amide.
[0006] It is in particular an object to provide such a compound
which can be used in a method for preparing a substituted
2-alkyl-3-phenyl-1-propanol (a compound according to Formula (ID),
which method overcomes one or more problems associated with a prior
art process such as described above.
[0007] One or more objects which may be solved in accordance with
the invention will become apparent from the description and/or
claims, below.
[0008] It has now been found that one or more objects are achieved
by providing a specific aldehyde. Accordingly, the present
invention relates to a compound according to Formula (IX) and salts
thereof,
##STR00002##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently selected from H
and hydrocarbon moieties, which hydrocarbon moieties optionally
comprise one or more heteroatoms, and which hydrocarbons optionally
comprise substituents, or when the compound according to formula
(IX) is a salt, R.sub.1 and/or R.sub.2 may be a cation,
[0009] R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 each independently selected from
hydrocarbon moieties, which hydrocarbon moieties optionally
comprise one or more heteroatoms, and which hydrocarbons optionally
comprise substituents and R.sub.5 is selected from H and
hydrocarbon moieties, which hydrocarbon moieties optionally
comprise one or more heteroatoms, and which hydrocarbons optionally
comprise substituents, and wherein any two of R.sub.1, R.sub.2,
R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are optionally linked together to form
a ring structure. In an embodiment of the invention R.sub.3 and
R.sub.4 each independently are selected from the group of
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and R.sub.5 is selected from H,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxyls, tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)silyls,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyls, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are optionally
linked together to form a ring structure.
[0010] Within the context of the present invention the term
"hydrocarbon" is meant to include substituted and unsubstituted
hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons with one or more heteroatoms (such as S,
N, O, P, Cl, Br, F, I, Si) and hydrocarbons without heteroatoms,
unless specifically mentioned otherwise. A hydrocarbon group of a
compound, e.g. R.sub.3, R.sub.4 or R.sub.5 in Formula (IX) or
another Formula included herein, can optionally contain a
heteroatom, in particular O, S, N or Si, at the position at which
the group is bound to the remainder of the compound, e.g. a
hydrocarbon group can be an alkoxyl, aryloxyl, sulphoxyl or an
organo-silicon group, for instance an trialkylsilyl. The
hydrocarbon may comprise a linear or a branched structure, such as
a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl. The hydrocarbon may comprise
one or more rings, which rings optionally contain one or more
heteroatoms, in particular one or more heteroatoms selected from N
and O. The ring may be aliphatic (cycloalkyl) or aromatic (aryl).
The hydrocarbon may also be an oxygen protective group. The
hydrocarbon, such as the optionally substituted alkyl, optionally
substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally
substituted alkylaryl, may in particular comprise 1-20 carbon atoms
in total, more in particular 1 to 12 or 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In
case of the hydrocarbon comprises a ring, the number of carbon
atoms usually is at least 3.
[0011] In case the compound according to formula (IX) is a salt,
R.sub.1 and/or R.sub.2 may be a cation. Suitable cations are all
monovalent cations and cations having a higher valency. In this
case, R.sub.1 and/or R.sub.2 are preferably selected from the group
of Na.sup.+, Li.sup.+, K.sup.+ and Ca.sup.2+.
[0012] Any two of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5
are optionally linked together to form a ring structure. In
particular R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be linked together to form a
ring structure and/or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be linked together to
form a ring structure. For example, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 together
are --CH.sub.2--, thereby forming a five-membered ring.
[0013] R.sub.1 may in particular be hydrogen, 3-methoxy-propyl or
an oxygen protective group. R.sub.2 may in particular be hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, preferably methyl, or an oxygen protective
group.
[0014] Within the context of the present invention the term "oxygen
protective group" is used to describe any group suitable to protect
an oxygen of an alcohol against an undesired reaction. In
particular, the oxygen protective group may be selected from the
group of tosylate, mesylate, benzoylate, benzoate, trimethylsilyl
and organic acid residues, for instance acetate.
[0015] R.sub.3 and/or R.sub.4 may in particular be selected from
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkenyl, such as allyl, and
unsubstituted or substituted phenyl. Most preferably, R.sub.3
and/or R.sub.4 are methyl
[0016] R.sub.5 may in particular be selected from H, and
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxyls, tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)silyls,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyls, more in particular from C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyls and H. R.sub.5 preferably is H.
[0017] Preferred compounds according to the invention are: [0018]
2-(3-(3-methoxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylbutanal, [0019]
2-(3-(3-methoxypropoxy)-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methylbutanal, [0020]
2-(3-methoxypropoxy)-4-(2-formyl-3-methylbutyl)phenyl
tolylsulfonate, [0021]
2-(3-methoxypropoxy)-4-(2-formyl-3-methylbutyl)phenyl benzoate,
[0022] 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-methylbutanal, and [0023]
2-(3-trimethylsilylhydroxy)-4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylbutanal.
[0024] The compound according to the invention usually contains at
least one stereogenic center, in particular the compound may
comprise one or two stereogenic centers. The compound may be
provided as a racemic mixture, a diastereomeric mixture, or be
scalemic i.e. enantio-enriched (i.e. one of the enantiomers is
formed in excess of the other but not to the exclusion of the
other) or enantiopure (i.e. essentially only one of the enantiomers
is formed). Thus, the compound may be the 2(S), 3(S) diastereomer,
2(S), 3(R) diastereomer 2(R), 3(S) diastereomer, 2(R), 3(R)
diastereomer or a mixture thereof.
[0025] The invention further relates to a method for preparing a
compound according to Formula (IX), comprising converting, in
particular by reduction or hydrogenation, the .alpha.-.beta.
carbon-carbon unsaturation of an E-isomer, a Z-isomer or a mixture
of an E-isomer and a Z-isomer of a compound according to Formula
(I)
##STR00003##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as
defined in claim 1, to form the compound of Formula (IX).
[0026] The aldehyde of Formula I can be prepared by converting a
benzaldehyde represented by Formula (III)
##STR00004##
optionally comprising an oxygen protective compound on the phenolic
OH to obtain a compound with Formula (IV)
##STR00005##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as identified above and react the
compound of Formula (IV) with an aldehyde with Formula (V) or an
enamine thereof
##STR00006##
(wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above).
[0027] It is also possible to prepare an aldehyde of the Formula
(I) by reacting a corresponding benzaldehyde represented by Formula
(VI)
##STR00007##
wherein R.sub.1 may in particular be a 3-Methoxypropyl or an oxygen
protective group and R.sub.2 may in particular be a hydrocarbon,
preferably alkyl or H, with an aldehyde of Formula (V)
##STR00008##
wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above, or the
corresponding enamine of the aldehyde (V), to obtain an aldehyde
with Formula (VII)
##STR00009##
[0028] Next, the aldehyde of Formula (VII) can be converted in a
aldehyde according to Formula (I) by acidic, or alkaline
elimination.
[0029] The conversion of a compound according to Formula (I) to a
compound of Formula (IX) may conveniently be carried out with
hydrogen gas, in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, or
another hydrogen source, e.g. isopropanol, formic acid, Hantzsch
ester, NADPH, or NADH, in the presence of a catalyst or a metal
hydride.
[0030] Preferably, the conversion of a compound according to
Formula (I), which may be an E-isomer, A Z-isomer or a mixture
thereof, into a compound according to Formula (IX) is preformed
enantioselectively with respect to the (R)-enantiomer or the
(S)-enantiomer. More preferably, the (R)-enantiomer is formed in
excess of the (S)-enantiomer.
[0031] The catalyst used in accordance with the invention may in
principle be any catalyst capable of catalysing the reduction of
the .beta.,.beta. unsaturation of the compound of Formula (I) of
any of the E or Z isomers, or both.
[0032] In an embodiment, the catalyst is an organocatalyst capable
of catalyzing the conversion in the presence of a suitable hydrogen
source. A suitable organocatalyst is described in Angew. Chemie
2005, 44, 108-110.
[0033] In an embodiment, the catalyst is an enzyme capable of
catalyzing the conversion, in the presence of a suitable hydrogen
source. Particularly suitable is an enzyme being an oxidoreductase
(EC class 1). Preferably, a reductase is used, more preferably an
ene reductase (E.C.1.3.1.x) is used, in particular an enone
reductase, an enal reductase or an enoate reductase. In principle
any such enzyme may be used, e.g., any enzyme described in
Fardelone et al., J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzymatic 29 (2004) 41-45;
Ferraboschi et al., Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 10 (1999) 2639; Mano et
al., Plant & Cell Physiology, 43(12):1445-1455 (2002); Hall et
al., Angewandte Chemie 2007, 46, 3934-3937. Preferred reductases
include old yellow enzymes [EC 1.3.1.x]. Particular preferred are
such enzymes from yeasts (OYE, OYE2, OYE3, HYE1, HYE2), from plants
(P1) or from mammals (LTB4DH).
[0034] The enzyme is preferably used in combination with a suitable
cofactor regeneration system for the enzyme. Suitable cofactor
regeneration systems are known to those skilled in the art.
Examples are the use of formate dehydrogenase combined with
formate, or the use of glucose dehydrogenase combined with glucose.
The enzyme and the optionally present cofactor regeneration system
are used in an effective amount for the desired conversion.
Catalytic amounts generally suffice.
[0035] Suitable hydrogen sources when using an enzyme, in
particular include NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate) and NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
[0036] The enzyme can be used isolated from an organism, for
example in solution or on a carrier, or in an organism, such as a
yeast or a bacterium, preferably a bacterium, such as for example
E. coli. If desired, the organism can be genetically modified to
include a reductase from an other species. In a preferred method, a
bacterium, such as E. coli, is used with co-expressed enone
reductase and a co-factor regeneration system for the
reductase.
[0037] In an embodiment, a metal-free organic compound is used, in
particular an enantioselective iminium catalyst. Such hydrogenation
process may for instance be based on Angew. Chem. Int Ed. 2005, 44,
108-110.
[0038] In an embodiment the catalyst is a conventional
heterogeneous metal catalyst, in particular a transition metal on
an inert carrier, e.g. Pd/C, Pt/C, Pd/Al, or Raney Nickel.
[0039] In an embodiment, the catalyst is a homogeneous catalyst
comprising a transition metal, such as Rhodium, Iridium, Platinum,
Palladium, Iron, or Copper, and one or several ligands and
optionally additives. The ligands may in particular be selected
from the group of phosphines, bisphospines, amines, diamines,
aminoalcohols, carbon monoxide, halogens, alkylsulphonates, water
soluble ligands, such as water soluble organic acids, e.g. citrate,
acetate, NH.sub.3.
[0040] Optionally, in particular in a method wherein use is made of
a metal (ion) complex, the hydrogenation may be carried out in the
presence of a ligand promoting asymmetric hydrogenation. In
particular, chiral ligands are suitable to promote asymmetric
hydrogenation. The ligand may form a complex with the metal or
metal ion. Such ligands are e.g. described in WO 06/040096.
[0041] In an embodiment, the selective hydrogenation is carried out
with a catalyst derived in situ from Rh.sub.4(CO).sub.12 and a
bisphosphine, e.g. DPPE, or a Rhodium or Iridium based catalyst
with tris(m-sulphonyl)phosphine trisodium salt as described in
Organometallics, 1991, 10, 2126-2133.
[0042] A homogeneous catalyst may be used for asymmetric
hydrogenation. Homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts are
known per se and described for example by John M. Brown in E.
Jacobsen, A. Pfaltz, H. Yamamoto(Eds.), Comprehensive Asymmetric
Catalysis I to III, Springer Verlag, 1999, pages 121 to 182.
[0043] The conversion of the compound according to formula (I) to a
compound of formula (IX) may be carried out in the presence of one
or more additives, in particular one or more bases, for example
amines; in the presence of a quaternary ammonium halogenide
(tetrabutylammonium iodide); and/or in the presence of one or more
protonic acids, which may be inorganic or organic acids, which
accelerate the reaction.
[0044] The metal or metal ion complex used as a hydrogenation
catalyst is preferably used in quantities from 0.0001 to 10 mol-%
based on the compound to be hydrogenated, the range 0.001 to 10
mol-% being especially preferred and the range 0.01 to 5 mol-%
being preferred in particular.
[0045] The conversion of the compound according to formula (I) to a
compound of formula (IX) may be carried out at low or elevated
temperatures, in particular at a temperature in the range of -20 to
150.degree. C. Preferably, the temperature is at least 10.degree.
C., more preferably at least ambient temperature (for instance
about 20.degree. C.). Preferably, the temperature is up 120.degree.
C. or less, more preferably 90.degree. C. or less.
[0046] The method for the preparation of a compound according to
formula (IX) by converting a compound according to formula (I)
according to the invention may be carried out at atmospheric
pressure or at elevated pressure. In particular the hydrogen
pressure, if hydrogen gas is used as a hydrogen source, may be in
the range of atmospheric to 200 bars of Hydrogen, more in
particular in the range of atmospheric to 50 bars of Hydrogen. The
method may be carried out in the absence or the presence of a
solvent, wherein one solvent or a mixture of solvents may be used.
Suitable solvents include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbons (pentane, hexane, petroleum ether, cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene), aliphatic halogenated
hydrocarbons(dichloromethane, chloroform, di- and
tetrachloroethane), nitriles (acetonitrile, propionitrile,
benzonitrile), ethers (diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, t-butyl methyl
ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl
ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxan,
diethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether), ketones (acetone,
methyl isobutyl ketone), carbonic esters and lactones (ethyl or
methyl acetate, valerolactone). N-substituted
lactams(N-methylpyrrolidone), carboxamides (dimethylamide,
dimethylformamide), acyclic ureas (dimethylimidazoline), and
sulfoxides and sulfones (dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone,
tetramethylene sulfoxide, tetramethylene sulfone) and alcohols
(methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol
monomethyl ether) and water.
[0047] In the preparation of a compound according to the invention
use may be made of an E-isomer, a Z-isomer or a mixture of an
E-isomer and its corresponding Z-isomer, of a compound of Formula
(I). The conversion of only one or of both isomers may be
accomplished by selecting a suitable catalyst.
[0048] The inventors found that by using a catalyst in the method
according to the invention for the preparation of a compound
according to formula ((I.times.) under specific reaction conditions
an .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated compound according to Formula (I)
comprising both an E isomer and a Z isomer of the .alpha.-.beta.
unsaturated compound, both E isomer and Z isomer can be converted
in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.
[0049] In an embodiment, the compound formed is scalemic, i.e.
enantio-enriched (i.e. one of the enantiomers is formed in excess
of the other but not to the exclusion of the other) or enantiopure
(i.e. essentially only one of the enantiomers is formed).
[0050] The term "enantioselective" is used to indicate that one of
the enantiomers is formed in excess of the other, or even to the
exclusion of the other.
[0051] As the invention allows conversion of both an E isomer and a
Z isomer of an unsaturated compound, the conversion of an isomeric
mixture of an E isomer and a Z isomer towards a desired end product
is higher than in the known processes wherein only one of the
isomers would be converted if such known process would be applied
to such a mixture of isomers. It has been found possible to choose
conditions such that both E isomer and Z isomer are converted with
a good yield. At least for some compounds it has been found
possible to substantially completely convert both the E isomer and
the Z isomer. As used herein, a conversion is in particular
considered substantially complete for a specific isomer if at least
90% of that isomer, in particular at least 95% of that isomer is
converted to the compound of the invention. Thus, if desired, a
product may be obtained from such mixture, which product is
essentially free of the E isomer and the Z isomer, without further
purification or after a simpler purification than needed for a
product obtained by a known process to obtain a product of similar
purity. Moreover, an extra purification step may lead to product
loss, and thus reduced overall yield of the product.
[0052] If a mixture of isomers of the compound of Formula (I) is
used, the mixture usually has a molar ratio of Z isomer to E isomer
of 1:99 to 99:1. In particular, the molar ratio of Z isomer to E
isomer may be in the range of 5:95 to 95:5, preferably in the range
of 10:90 to 90:10, in particular of 20:80 to 80:20, more in
particular of 25:75 to 75:25.
[0053] The catalyst may be a catalyst that is capable of
enantioselectively converting both the E isomer and the Z isomer
into the compound of Formula (IX).
[0054] The process may further comprise the use of a combination of
catalysts, wherein a first catalyst (preferentially) catalyses the
conversion of the E isomer and a second catalyst (preferentially)
catalyses the conversion of the Z isomer.
[0055] The inventors came to the surprising insight that it is also
possible to accomplish conversion of both isomers by using a
catalyst which until now has only been shown to have substantial
catalytic activity towards either the Z isomer or the E isomer,
such as a substrate specific catalyst, in particular a substrate
specific enzyme. The inventors surprisingly found that in the
presence of such a catalyst and a specific reagent, such as a
thiol, e.g. thioethanol, conversion of both isomers can be
achieved. Without being bound by theory, it is contemplated that
the thiol facilitates isomerisation, i.e. transition of Z isomer
into the E isomer and/or transition of the E isomer into the Z
isomer. It contemplated that such compound reacts with the isomers
in a Michael addition and that thereafter a retro-Michael addition
reaction takes place, whereby the transition into the other isomer
may occur.
[0056] Alternatively, or in addition to using such specific
reagent, specific reaction conditions, e.g carrying out the
reaction in the presence of suitable light, may be used to
facilitate isomerisation.
[0057] It is in particular surprising that such isomerising reagent
can be used in the presence of the catalyst, without unacceptably
detrimentally affecting the activity of the catalyst. Thus, there
is no need to first transform the isomer that is not or to a lesser
extent converted by the catalyst into the active (or more active)
isomer, and thereafter in an isolated process step, to reduce the
unreacted isomer. Thus, the method according to the invention for
the preparation of a compound according to formula (IX) using both
E and Z-isomer of a compound according to formula (I) carried out
under isomerising conditions can now take place in a one-pot
process while at the same time allowing a theoretical yield of 100%
to be obtained. Apart from the fact that such process can be
employed making use of a simpler reactor system, the isomerisation
may take place more efficiently, for example quicker and/or more
complete.
[0058] Accordingly, in an embodiment of the invention, the method
according to the invention is carried out using a mixture of an
E-isomer and a Z-isomer represented by Formula I, under isomerising
conditions. Isomerising conditions are defined as conditions under
which the E and Z isomers of the starting material are converted
into each other. Isomerising conditions may be obtained in a
variety of ways.
[0059] Such conditions may be provided by carrying out the
conversion of a compound according to formula (I), in particular a
mixture of E- and Z-isomers of the compound according to formula
(I) to a compound according to formula (IX), e.g by reduction or
hydrogenation, in the presence of a compound capable of
participating in a Michael addition and/or retro-Michael addition
with the unsaturated compound. Preferably such compound is selected
from thiols, including thio-alcohols, alkoxythiols etc; halogens;
secondary amines and tertiary amines.
[0060] The thiol may for instance be an alkane thiol, e.g., ethane
thiol, propane thiol or butane thiol, or an aryl thiol, e.g.
thiophenol. In particular, a thio-alcohol may be used as a compound
capable of participating in a Michael addition and/or retro-Michael
addition. In a preferred embodiment the thio-alcohol is selected
from dithiothreythol, 2-hydroxy-1-ethanethiol, hydroxypropane thiol
and hydroxybutane thiol.
[0061] Of the halogens bromine and iodine, and in particular
iodine, are preferred for their handling properties.
[0062] The amines may in particular be selected from cyclic
secondary amines, dialkylamines and trialkylamines, including
substituted cyclic amines, di- and trialkylamines. The alkyl groups
of these amines may in particular be a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, more
in particular an ethyl or propyl. Pyrrolidine is a suitable cyclic
amine.
[0063] If used, the compound capable of participating in a Michael
addition and/or retro-Michael addition may be used in a catalytic
amount, although higher amounts may be used. The molar ratio of
said compound capable of participating in a Michael addition and/or
retro-Michael addition to the (sum of) isomers can be chosen within
wide limits. Usually the ratio may be within the range of 0.00001:1
to 100:1, preferably in the range of 0.001:1 to 10:1, more
preferably 0.01:1 to 0.5:1.
[0064] In an embodiment, isomerising conditions comprise exposure
to light promoting isomerisation.
[0065] In particular a compound with Formula II
##STR00010##
may be prepared by reducing the aldehyde of a compound according to
Formula (IX), wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and
R.sub.5 are as defined in claim 1, e.g. in a manner known per se
for the reduction of aldehydes.
[0066] Preferably, the compound of Formula (II) is formed
enantioselectively with respect to the R-isomer or the S-isomer,
preferably wherein the R-isomer is prepared in excess of the
S-isomer. More preferably, the preparation of a compound according
to Formula (II) is carried out under conditions under which the
compound according to Formula (IX) is racemizing.
[0067] To achieve racemization of a compound according to Formula
(IX) any known method may be used. For example, the compound
according to Formula (IX) is racemizing when additives selected
from the group of acids or bases, preferably inorganic bases or
secondary amines, are present during the reduction of the compound
according to Formula (IX). Most preferably, secondary cyclic amines
are used to achieve racemization, for example pyrrolidine.
[0068] The compound of Formula II can be converted to a compound
according to Formula X,
##STR00011##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as
defined in claim 1 and "Hal" is a halogen atom, preferably Cl. This
can be done by halo-dehydroxylation, e.g. based on a method
described in Tetrahedron Letters 2000, 41, 10085-10089 and
10091-10094.
[0069] It is also possible to prepare compound X by converting the
alcohol in a leaving group for instance an Alkylsulphonate, e.g.
Methane sulphonate, and to substitute the leaving group with the
halogen.
[0070] From compound (X), a compound with Formula (XI) can be
made
##STR00012##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined in
claim 1, Y is as R.sub.5 in Formula (IX) and R.sub.6 can be a
hydrocarbon group or H, in particular H or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl,
more in particular H or C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, preferably H, methyl
or t-butyl, by reaction of a compound according to Formula (X) with
a compound of Formula (XII)
##STR00013##
wherein Hal is a halogen atom, preferably Cl.
[0071] This reaction can be carried out using a Grignard reagent,
for instance comprising a metal moiety selected from the group of
Mg, Zn or Li and a metal moiety selected from the group of Mn, Cu,
Fe, Ni and Pd. Suitable conditions are, e.g., described in WO
02/02508.
[0072] Optionally the compound of Formula XI can be converted into
a further compound, for instance based on a method as described in
WO 02/02508.
[0073] In particular a compound according to Formula XIII can be
made
##STR00014##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as
defined in claim 1, Hal is a halogen atom and Y corresponds to
R.sub.5. If Y is a hydrogen atom, halogenation and lactonisation
can take place directly. Halogenation can be done using a
halogenating agent, preferably a brominating agent, for instance
N-bromosuccinimide. The reaction can for instance be carried out in
dichloro methane or another suitable solvent.
[0074] In case Y is different from hydrogen, then usually Y will
first be hydrolysed, for example by alkaline hydrolysis. For
instance concentrated hydroxide (e.g. at least 30% NaOH or KOH) can
be used. The compound may be precipitated with a base, for instance
an amine, e.g. cyclohexylamine.
[0075] The compound of Formula XIII can be converted in a compound
according to Formula XIV
##STR00015##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as
defined in claim 1 and Y corresponds to R.sub.5, by substitution of
the halogen by --OH. This can be accomplished in a solution
comprising hydroxide, for instance an aqueous NaOH or KOH solution
(e.g. about 1 M in water).
[0076] The compound of Formula XIV can be converted in a compound
according to Formula XV
##STR00016##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as
defined in claim 1 and Y corresponds to R.sub.5.
[0077] This can be accomplished by direct reaction with an activate
azide, such as a metal azide. A preferred metal azide is sodium
azide.
[0078] If desired, the compound of Formula XIV may first be
converted to a compound according to Formula XIX
##STR00017##
[0079] wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are
as defined in claim 1 and Y corresponds to R.sub.5 and L is a
leaving group, for instance Alkyl-sulphonate, in particular
CH.sub.3--SO.sub.3--. This reaction can be done with a salt of the
leaving, for instance mesylate chloride, e.g. in triethylamine, in
the presence of an amine
[0080] Compound XIX can be reacted with azide.
[0081] The compound of Formula (XV) can be used to prepare a
compound of Formula XVI,
##STR00018##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as
defined in claim 1 and Y corresponds to R.sub.5 by reacting the
compound of Formula XV with H.sub.2NR.sup.a, e.g. in triethylamide,
in the presence of 2-hydroxypyridine. R.sup.a is H or optionally
substitute hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon optionally contains one or
more heteroatoms. Preferably R.sup.a is
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xCO--NH.sub.2 wherein x is 3-6, more preferably
R.sup.a is --CH.sub.2--[CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2] --CO--NH.sub.2.
[0082] Thereafter, the azide can be reduced with hydrogen gas,
resulting in a compound according to Formula (XVII) wherein
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as defined in
claim 1, Y corresponds to R.sub.5 and R.sup.a is as defined above,
usually in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, for instance a
Paladium catalyst, e.g. on a carbon support. This reaction may in
particular be carried out in the presence of ethanolamine.
##STR00019##
[0083] This hydrogenation can be carried out in the presence of an
acid, e.g. fumaric acid, or the product may be mixed with an acid
thereafter, to provide the corresponding salt.
[0084] The invention further relates to all possible combinations
of different embodiments and/or preferred features according to the
method according to the invention or the compound according to the
invention as described herein.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Preparation of a Compound of the Formula (I) (E/Z Mixture)
(R.sub.1=3-Methoxypropyl)
a) Preparation of pyrrolidino-3-methylbut-1-ene (enamine)
[0085] 194 g (2.25 mol) of isovaleraldehyde are diluted in 1115 ml
of toluene and cooled to 0.degree. C. with stirring. 190.3 g (2.68
mol) of pyrrolidine, dissolved in 185.8 ml of toluene, were then
added dropwise to this solution, such that the reaction temperature
did not rise above 5.degree. C. After the addition had ended, the
reaction solution was stirred at 5.degree. C. for another 1 hour.
Subsequently, the mixture was warmed to room temperature and the
water formed was removed completely by extraction with toluene.
Thereafter, the solvent was removed by evaporation and the crude
product (329.1 g; 95% of theory) was stored at 4.degree. C. in a
refrigerator.
b) Reaction of enamine with
4-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)benzaldehyde (A1)
[0086] 222.3 g (0.99 mol) of A1 were diluted with 240 g of
2-propanol. 321.2 g (2.31 mol) of the enamine, prepared in example
1a, were added to this solution at room temperature with stirring.
The reaction mixture was then heated to 80.degree. C. and stirred
at this temperature for 50 hours. In order to remove unreacted A1,
the reaction mixture was extracted with 1170 ml of NaHSO.sub.3
(40%) and 1365 ml of water for 30 minutes.
[0087] The excess of enamine was removed by distillation using a
Rotavapor and entrained out with 2-propanol (40 mbar, 50.degree.
C.). After an aqueous extraction, 148.4 g of aldehyde according to
formula I (51.2%) were isolated.
Example 2
Preparation of a Compound of the Formula (I) (E/Z Mixture)
(R.sub.1=Methane Sulfonyl)
[0088] 60 g (394 mmol) of isovanillin were dissolved in 200 ml of
DMF and cooled to 0.degree. C. 120 g of Et.sub.3N were added and 63
g (550 mmol) of methane sulfonyl chloride were slowly added
dropwise. Thereupon the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc
and HCl and then rotated to dryness (60.degree. C., 10 mbar). Yield
83 g mesylated isovanillin (92% of the theoretical yield).
[0089] 83 g (360 mmol) of mesylated isovanillin were dissolved in
250 ml of DMF and 250 ml of toluene and, with stirring, reacted at
60.degree. C. with 90 g (646 mmol) of enamine prepared according to
Example 1a.
[0090] Thereupon the solvent was extracted using a rotary
evaporator (Rotavapor).
[0091] Yield 70 g (65% of the theoretical yield).
Example 3
Preparation of
2-(3-(Methoxypropdxy)-4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-Methylbutanal (a Compound
According to Formula (IX))
[0092] A solution of
2-(3-(methoxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbutanal (7.0
mmol, 74% E and 26% Z), tetrarhodium dodecacabonyl (0.14 mmol),
(2R,3R)-(+)-2,3-Bis-(Diphenylphosphino)butane (R,R-Chiraphos, 0.63
mmol) and 300 ul triethylamine in toluene (75 ml) was transferred
into an autoclave. The mixture was hydrogenated at 70-80.degree. C.
and 20 bar H.sub.2. After 42 hr additional tetrarhodium
dodecacarbonyl (0.14 mmol) was added to complete the reaction in 62
hr. The mixture was concentrated to 3.5 g black oil and purified by
flash chromatography (heptane/ethyl acetate=2/1). Yield=1.6 g
yellow oil (74%).
[0093] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.02 (d, J=3.4, 3H), 1.04
(d, J=3.4, 3H), 2.03-2.14 (m, 3H), 2.43-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.74
(dd, 1H), 2.89-2.96 (dd, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.58 (t, J=6.1, 2H),
3.83 (s, 3H), 4.09 (t, J=6.5, 2H), 6.68-6.79 (ar, 3H), 9.68 (d,
J=2.6, 1H).
[0094] .sup.13C NMR .delta. 20.1, 20.3, 28.7, 30.0, 32.1, 56.5,
59.0, 60.1, 66.5, 69.7, 112.4, 114.7, 121.5, 132.6, 148.4, 149.9,
205.5
Example 4
Method of Preparation of
2-(3-(Methoxypropdxy)-4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-Methylbutanal(a Compound
According to Formula (IX) by 2-Electron Bioreduction of
2-(3-(Methoxypropdxy)-4-Methoxybenzylidene)-3-Methylbutanal (a
Compound According to Formula (I) with E. coli cells expressing
enone reductase (Er), Adding Glucose Dehydrogenase (GDH from
Bacillus Megaterium Purchased at JuLich Chiral Solutions) for
Cofactor Recycle.
[0095] The example focuses on the production of enantio-enriched
saturated aldehyde under isomerising conditions starting from the
DT mixture of
2-(3-(methoxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbutanal. 1,4
dithio-DL-threitol (DTT) is used as isomerisation catalyst.
Conditions:
[0096] Atmospheric pressure, 25.degree. C., pH=7.5 (pH adjustment
with NaOH)
Ingredients Needed:
[0097] 2-(3-(methoxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbutanal
(149.4 mg oil, purity=95%, E/Z ratio=74/26), Potassium phosphate
buffer 100 mM pH=7.5 (27 ml), NADP.sup.+ (25 mg),
[0098] Cell free extract (prepared via sonification) of E. coli
TOP10 cells expressing Enone Reductase P1 from A. thaliana (3 ml
cell free extract, equivalent with 230 mg cell wet weight, 25%
over-expression of total protein), glucose dehydrogenase (400
units), glucose (200 mg), 1,4 dithio-DL-threitol (DTT, 1 ml of 1M
solution in water). All over-expression experiments were carried
out following Invitrogen protocols at www.invitrogen.com for
Gateway cloning.
Results:
[0099] After 24 hr
2-(3-(methoxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbutanal
conversion was >99%, closing the carbon balance as follows:
>90% had been converted to the (R)-enantiomer of the
corresponding saturated aldehyde (compound according to formula
(IX)) (e.e. =82%), <10% was converted to the corresponding
saturated alcohol (compound according to formula (II))(due to
background ADH activity of E. coli cells).
Example 5
Method for the Preparation of
2-(3-(Methoxypropdxy)-4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-Methylbutanol by
4-Electron Bioreduction of
2-(3-(Methoxypropoxy)-4-Methoxybenzylidene)-3-Methylbutanal with E.
Coli Cells Expressing Enone Reductase (ER), E. Coli TOP10 Cells
Expressing Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) Adding Glucose Dehydrogenase
(GDH from Bacillus Megaterium Purchased at Julich Chiral Solutions)
for Cofactor Recycle
[0100] The example focuses on the production of enantio-enriched
saturated alcohol under isomerising conditions starting from the
E/Z mixture of
2-(3-(methoxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbutanal. 1,4
dithio-DL-threitol (DTT) is used as isomerisation catalyst.
Conditions:
[0101] Atmospheric pressure, 25.degree. C., pH=7.5 (pH adjustment
with NaOH)
Ingredients Needed:
[0102] 2-(3-(methoxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbutanal
(151.1 mg oil, purity=95%, E/Z ratio=74/26), Potassium phosphate
buffer 100 mM pH=7.5 (27 ml), NADP.sup.+ (25 mg),
[0103] Cell free extract (prepared via sonification) of E. coli
TOP10 cells (purchased at Invitrogen) expressing Enone Reductase P1
(3 ml cell free extract, equivalent with 230 mg cell wet weight,
25% over-expression of total protein), cell free extract (prepared
via sonification) of E. coli TOP10 cells expressing ADH E7 (1 ml
cell free extract, equivalent with 80 mg cell wet weight, 30%
over-expression of total protein), glucose dehydrogenase (400
units), glucose (200 mg), 1,4 dithio-DL-threitol (DTT, 1 ml of 1M
solution in water). All over-expression experiments were carried
out following Invitrogen protocols at www.invitrogen.com for
Gateway cloning.
Results:
[0104] After 24 hr
2-(3-(methoxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbutanal
conversion was >99%, almost closing the carbon balance with the
saturated alcohol (4-electron reduced product). As a result,
>90% of the almost completely converted substrate had been
converted to the (R)-enantiomer of the corresponding saturated
alcohol (e.e. =82%).
Example 6
Preparation of
2-(3-(Methoxypropdxy)-4-(2-(Chloromethyl)-3-Methylbutyl)-1-Methoxybenzene
(a Compound According to Formula (X)) from
2-(3-(Methoxypropdxy)-4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-Methylbutanol (a Compound
According to the Formula (II))
[0105] 2-(3-(methoxypropoxy)-4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylbutanol (45
g) was dissolved in toluene (52 mL) and triethylamine (16.9 g) was
added as base. Next mesylchloride (13 mL) was added dropwise at
room temperature and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30
minutes to complete the mesylating reaction. After the conversion
was completed, DMF (47 mL), and sodiumchloride (17.6 g) were added
to the reaction mixture and the mixture was heated to
100-120.degree. C. for 2 hr. Na-mesylate was obtained as
by-product.
[0106] The reaction mixture was cooled to 50.degree. C., and at
this temperature the reaction mixture was twice extracted with
H.sub.2O (150 and 100 mL, respectively). The toluene layer was
treated with 0.9 g of active coal, filtered, and evaporated. The
residue was dissolved in 2-Propanol (115 mL) at 50.degree. C.,
filtered, and cooled to -10.degree. C. (cooling process in total is
8 hr). The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with cold
2-Propanol (-10.degree. C.) (2 times 45 mL) and dried at 35.degree.
C. under vacuum conditions (5 mbar). Yield: 39 g (82%) of
2-(3-(methoxypropoxy)-4-(2-(chloromethyl)-3-methylbutyl)-1-metho-
xybenzene.
* * * * *
References