U.S. patent application number 12/786779 was filed with the patent office on 2011-12-01 for end effector for picking, forming, and inserting u-shaped packing insert.
Invention is credited to Roland Lomerson, JR..
Application Number | 20110293397 12/786779 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45022287 |
Filed Date | 2011-12-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110293397 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Lomerson, JR.; Roland |
December 1, 2011 |
End Effector for Picking, Forming, and Inserting U-Shaped Packing
Insert
Abstract
End of arm tool (10) is used to load goods A and B in two layers
in a packing container (8), with a packing insert positioned
between the layers. The tool (10) also grasps a packing insert in
the form of a flat sheet, bends the ends of the packing sheet
downwardly to form an inverted U shape, and then inserts the
packing insert in a straddling relationship about the lower layer
of goods A, to protect the lower layer of goods from the weight
applied by the upper layer of goods.
Inventors: |
Lomerson, JR.; Roland;
(Lakewood Ranch, FL) |
Family ID: |
45022287 |
Appl. No.: |
12/786779 |
Filed: |
May 25, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
414/800 ; 294/2;
901/30; 901/31; 901/40 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65B 5/06 20130101; B65B
61/207 20130101; B65B 5/02 20130101; B65B 43/24 20130101; B66C
1/0243 20130101; B65B 5/105 20130101; B65B 41/06 20130101; B65B
25/16 20130101; B66C 1/58 20130101; B25J 15/024 20130101; B25J
15/0616 20130101; B25J 15/0052 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
414/800 ; 294/2;
901/30; 901/31; 901/40 |
International
Class: |
B25J 15/00 20060101
B25J015/00; B66C 1/58 20060101 B66C001/58; B25J 15/06 20060101
B25J015/06; B66C 1/02 20060101 B66C001/02 |
Claims
1. An end of arm tool for mounting to the end of an arm of a robot,
for picking a generally flat work product at an intermediate
portion of the work product, bending the oppositely extending
lateral sides of the work product into a U-shape with respect to
said intermediate portion of the work product, and placing the
U-shaped product in a container, said end of arm tool comprising: a
tool support, a vacuum plenum housing supported by said tool
support, at least one vacuum retriever extending downwardly from
said vacuum plenum housing for engaging the work product, a pair of
forming arms each including proximal end portions pivotally
supported at a level above said vacuum retriever and distal end
portions on opposite sides of said vacuum retriever and pivotal
from positions above said vacuum retriever and out of engagement
with the work product to substantially parallel positions extending
below said vacuum retriever for engaging and bending the oppositely
extending lateral sides of the work product into a U-shape.
2. The end of arm tool of claim 1, wherein said vacuum retriever
comprises a plurality of suction cups suspended in a downward
direction.
3. The end of arm tool of claim 1, and further including discharge
means movable between retracted positions at a level of said vacuum
retriever to distended positions below said vacuum retriever for
urging the U-shaped work product away from said vacuum retriever
and for urging the lateral sides of the work product into the
container.
4. The end of arm tool of claim 1, wherein the work product to be
picked includes score lines dividing said work product into the
intermediate portion and the oppositely extending lateral sides,
and said vacuum retriever of said end of arm tool being arranged to
engage the intermediate portion and said forming arms arranged to
engage and bend the oppositely extending lateral sides of the work
product about the score lines.
5. The end of arm tool of claim 1, wherein the container includes
upwardly and outwardly sloped closure flaps, and said pair of
forming arms are configured to tuck the oppositely extending
lateral sides of said work product downwardly between said closure
flaps.
6. A tool for picking a generally flat work product, the work
product including an intermediate portion and oppositely extending
side portions, and for bending the work product into a U-shape, and
for placing the opposite side portions into a container, said tool
comprising a tool support, a plurality of vacuum retrievers
suspended by said tool support for picking the intermediate portion
of the work product, a pair of forming arms mounted to said tool
support including distal ends movable from retracted positions at
said vacuum retrievers to extended positions on opposite sides of
and lower than said vacuum retrievers for engaging and bending the
side portions of the work product to form the work product into a
U-shape, and discharge means supported by said tool support for
urging the U-shaped work product away from said vacuum
retrievers.
7. The tool of claim 6, wherein said pair of forming arms include
proximal ends pivotally supported by said tool support at a level
above said plurality of vacuum retrievers and distal ends pivotal
from outwardly extending positions above said vacuum retrievers and
out of engagement with the work product to positions extending
below said vacuum retrievers for engaging and bending the
oppositely extending portions of the work product.
8. The tool of claim 6, wherein the generally flat work product
includes score lines between said intermediate portion and
oppositely extending side portions, and said pair of forming arms
configured to engage the oppositely extending side portions and
bend the side portions about the score lines of the work
product.
9. The tool of claim 6, wherein the forming arms of said pair of
forming arms each comprise distal ends pivotal from positions out
of engagement with the work product to positions extending below
said vacuum retrievers for engaging and bending the portions of the
work product extending laterally from said vacuum retrievers.
10. The tool of claim 6, wherein said tool is mounted to the end of
an arm of a robot.
11. The tool of claim 6, wherein said discharge means includes
pusher means movable from the level of said vacuum retrievers
downwardly from said vacuum retrievers into engagement with the
work product for pushing the work product away from the vacuum
retrievers.
12. The tool of claim 6 wherein said discharge means comprises
fluid actuated cylinders that distend piston rods against the work
product.
13. The tool of claim 6 wherein said forming arms of said pair of
forming arms each include an elongated proximal end and an
elongated distal end, with the distal end forming an obtuse angle
for tucking the oppositely extending side portions of the work
product into the container when said forming arms straddle the
intermediate portion of the work product.
14. The tool of claim 6, wherein said discharge means comprises
pusher means supported by said tool support movable between
retracted positions at a level of said vacuum retrievers to
distended positions below said vacuum retrievers.
15. The tool of claim 6 and further including power means carried
by said tool support and operably connected to said forming arms to
tilt the distal ends of said forming arms toward each other and
into bending engagement with the side portions of said work
product.
16. The tool of claim 15, wherein said power means comprises fluid
operated cylinders mounted on said tool support.
17. A tool for picking a generally flat work product, the work
product including an intermediate portion and oppositely extending
side portions, and for bending the work product into a U-shape, and
for placing the opposite side portions into a container, said tool
comprising a plurality of vacuum retrievers for picking the
intermediate portion the work product, a pair of forming arms
including distal ends movable from retracted positions at said
vacuum retrievers to extended positions on opposite sides of and
lower than said vacuum retrievers for engaging and bending the side
portions of the work product to form the work product into a
U-shape, and discharge means for urging the intermediate portion of
the U-shaped work product away from said vacuum retrievers.
18. The tool of claim 17, wherein said discharge means is
positioned among said plurality of vacuum retrievers.
19. The tool of claim 17, wherein said discharge means comprises at
least one fluid operated cylinder and piston rod, said piston rod
movable intermediate said vacuum retrievers downwardly into
engagement with the intermediate portion of the U-shaped work
product.
20. The tool of claim 19, wherein said at least one fluid operated
cylinder comprises a plurality of fluid operated cylinders.
21. The tool of claim 17, and further including a vacuum plenum
housing, said vacuum retrievers in fluid communication with said
vacuum plenum housing.
22. A method of inserting a work product into a container using the
tool of claim 17, comprising applying said tool to a substantially
flat work product, grasping an intermediate portion of the work
product with said vacuum retrievers and moving the work product
over an open top container, folding the opposed side portions of
the work product with said pair of forming arms to form the work
product into an inverted U shape with the side portions of the work
product extending downwardly, moving the work product downwardly
and as the work product moves downwardly inserting the folded side
portions of the work product into the container until the
intermediate portion of the work product is substantially even with
the opening of the container, lifting said tool away from the
container, and as said tool is lifted away from the container
releasing said vacuum retrievers from the work product, and pushing
said discharge means against the work product to maintain the work
product in the container.
23. A method of placing a divider over the goods in a shipping
container, comprising: bending with an end of arm tool the divider
into an inverted U-shape including an intermediate portion and
lateral end portions, placing with the end of arm tool the divider
over the shipping container with the intermediate portion of the
divider extending over the goods in the shipping container and the
lateral end portions of the divider directed downwardly between the
goods and the vertical sides of the shipping container, pushing
with fluid actuated evacuating means extended from the end of arm
tool against the intermediate portion of the divider to move the
divider into the container.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure concerns a robotic packaging
apparatus and method, including an end effector for picking a work
product, bending the oppositely extending lateral sides of the work
product to form a U-shape, and placing the U-shaped product in a
container.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] In the packing of goods in multiple levels in a box or other
shipping container, it may be desirable to have a packing insert
placed in the shipping container that extends between levels of the
goods in the container to avoid the weight of the goods in an upper
level from bearing against the goods below. This also tends to
strengthen the container when several of the containers are stacked
one upon another. For example, packing inserts may be used in
containers for protecting food products, products that comprise
fragile goods or soft goods like bread, or other products that
might become damaged by the weight of an upper layer of goods
bearing down on a lower layer of goods.
[0003] One form of a packing insert might be an inverted U-shaped
cardboard sheet having an intermediate portion that is to be placed
over the goods and facing the opening of the shipping container and
opposed lateral sides bent downwardly to form the inverted U-shape.
The lower layer of goods will be placed in the shipping container
before the packing insert is placed in the container. The
downwardly extending lateral sides of the packing insert will be
telescopically tucked into the container adjacent the opposite side
walls of the container, between the side walls and the goods in the
container, until the lateral sides of the packing insert extend
down into engagement with the bottom of the container and the
intermediate portion of the packing insert extends across the top
of the goods in the shipping container. The lateral sides of the
packing insert provide support for the intermediate portion of the
packing insert that extends over the lower layer of the goods. The
intermediate portion of the packing insert functions to support the
upper layer of goods.
[0004] The U-shaped packing insert may also rigidify the shipping
container so that several shipping containers may be stacked upon
one another without damage to the containers and the goods in the
containers. This also helps to protect the container from
penetration by sharp objects, thereby assuring safer delivery to
the customer.
[0005] Generally, the panel that forms the U-shaped packing insert,
which in this instance is considered to be the "work product", may
include score lines that assist in folding the panel into the
correct proportions that correspond to the proportions of the
container and the goods in the container. While the use of score
lines on the panels assist in forming the panel into a U-shape, it
is still burdensome for the panels to be properly bent and inserted
into the containers by hand in a large volume continuous packing
operation.
SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIPTION
[0006] Accordingly, this disclosure concerns an end of arm tool for
a robot that includes a dual function of placement of goods in a
shipping container, followed by picking, forming and placing the
protective packing insert that extends about and over the goods in
the shipping container.
[0007] The packing insert may be a generally flat work product,
such as that described above, comprising a cardboard sheet that
includes an intermediate portion of the work product, and the
oppositely extending lateral sides of the work product that are
bent to form the inverted U-shape with respect to the intermediate
portion of the work product. The end of arm tool picks the work
product from a supply, forms the work product into a U-shape and
then places the U-shaped work product in the shipping container
over the goods packed in the container. The opposite parallel ends
of the work product are tucked internally of the shipping container
adjacent the opposite side walls of the shipping container so that
the work product extends about the goods in the shipping
container.
[0008] The method and apparatus disclosed herein provide for
continual repetitive operation of an end of arm tool. This may
comprise a first step of picking and placing a pattern of goods in
the shipping container that form a lower layer of goods. A second
step may comprise a sequence of picking the work product, folding
the work product into an inverted U-shape, introducing the work
product into the shipping container with the lateral sides of the
work product aligned with the outer boundaries of the first layer
of goods in the shipping container, and withdrawing the tool from
the work product and shipping container while maintaining the work
product in its position during the withdrawal movements.
[0009] The process may further include a third step of picking and
placing a second pattern of goods in the shipping container on the
intermediate portion of the work product, to form an upper layer of
goods in the shipping container. The weight of the upper level of
goods tends to urge the work product downwardly in the shipping
container until the lateral sides of the work product engage and
become supported by the bottom wall of the container.
[0010] All of these steps are to be done in rapid and accurate
movements, automatically and efficiently in a minimum amount of
time.
[0011] The tool that is placed at the end of an arm of a robot may
include a vacuum plenum housing with at least one vacuum retriever
extending down from the vacuum plenum housing for engaging and
picking the work products. The vacuum retriever may be suction cups
or suction bellows that contact and adhere to the goods that are to
be packed in the shipping container. The same vacuum retrievers may
be used for engaging and picking the intermediate portion of the
work product so that it may lift the work product away from a
supply of the work products, and move the work product from the
supply toward the shipping containers.
[0012] The tool may include a pair of forming arms that are used to
engage and fold the oppositely extending lateral sides of the work
product into an inverted U-shape with respect to the intermediate
portion of the work product. The forming arms may also be used in
the procedure of picking and packing the goods into the container
by urging the goods in a compact configuration that best fits in
the shipping container.
[0013] The forming arms may include proximal ends that are
pivotally supported adjacent the vacuum plenum housing and distal
ends that are pivoted from the level above the vacuum retrievers to
a downwardly, substantially parallel arrangement during which time
the forming arms engage the oppositely extending lateral sides of
the work product and bend them into a U-shape with respect to the
intermediate portion of the work product.
[0014] The forming arms may include an obtuse angle adjacent their
distal ends for the purpose of tucking the distal ends of the
lateral sides of the work product into the shipping container.
[0015] The tool may also include a discharge means that is moveable
between the packing positions out of the way of the vacuum
retriever and then to distended positions in which they engage the
intermediate portion of the work product after the folded lateral
sides of the work product have been at least partially tucked into
the sides of the shipping container. This pushes the work product
on into the container as the vacuum is released from the vacuum
retriever. This allows separation between the vacuum retriever and
the intermediate portion of the work product, leaving the work
product behind and positioned inside the shipping container as the
tool withdraws from the shipping container to begin a repeat cycle
of its operations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIGS. 1-3 illustrate the sequence of placing a pattern of
goods in a shipping container.
[0017] FIGS. 4-10 illustrate the sequence of picking and forming
the work product, inserting the product divider over the pattern of
goods in the shipping container, and then withdrawing from the
shipping container.
[0018] FIGS. 11-14 illustrate the sequence of placing another layer
of goods in the container that are separated by the product divider
from the original layer of products.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Referring now in more detail to the drawings, in which like
numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views, FIGS.
1-3 illustrate the sequence of placing goods A in a shipping
container 8, in which the end of arm tool 10 has picked the goods,
such as loaves of bread that are soft and are likely to be damaged
by applying the weight of other loaves stacked on them and has
moved the goods over the shipping container 8 (FIG. 1). The tool 10
is lowered (FIG. 2) to place the goods A on the bottom of the
container, and then raised to leave the goods in the shipping
container (FIG. 3). This is conventional in the art.
[0020] FIGS. 4-10 illustrate the sequence of picking and forming
the work product, inserting the work product in the shipping
container, and then withdrawing from the shipping container.
[0021] FIG. 4 illustrates the side view of an end of arm tool 10
that is connected to the arm of a robot 12. The robot arm 12 is
shown in FIG. 4 as holding the end of arm tool 10 in engagement
with the work product 1 that may be a single layer of the work
product or the top work product on a vertical stack 2 of such
products. The tool 10 is to pick a work product 1 and form the work
product into an inverted U-shape (FIGS. 6 and 7). The work product
is then inserted into a shipping container 8 (FIGS. 8 and 9)
containing the goods A. The work product may have score lines 6 and
7 (FIGS. 4-6) that divide the work product into the intermediate
portion 3 and side portions 4 and 5. The work product may be folded
at its score lines as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 so that its side
portions 4 and 5 may be tucked into the shipping container between
the vertical side walls of the shipping container 8. At this stage
of the process, the work product does not have to be fully inserted
about the goods A but should be aligned with the space below that
is between the goods A and side walls of the shipping
container.
[0022] The tool 10 includes a mast 14 connected to the robot arm 12
and a tool support 16 connected to the mast 14. Housing 18 is
supported by tool support 16 and defines a vacuum plenum housing
20, and a source of vacuum such as the inlet of as a compressor
(not shown) is connected to housing 18 to draw reduced air pressure
within the vacuum plenum housing in a conventional manner. The tool
support 16 may be formed as part of the housing 18, if desired.
[0023] Housing 18 includes a bottom wall 22 and a plurality of
openings 24 are formed in the bottom wall. Vacuum retrievers 26
extend downwardly from the downwardly facing surface of the bottom
wall 22 in communication with the openings 24. In this manner, the
reduced air pressure of vacuum plenum housing 20 is applied to each
vacuum retriever 26. Valves (not shown) are used to regulate the
vacuum applied to each vacuum retriever 26. Vacuum retrievers and
valves suitable for this use are disclosed in more detail in U.S.
Pat. No. 7,000,964 and in my patent application Ser. No.
12/763,242, the disclosures of which are fully incorporated herein
by reference.
[0024] Forming arms 30 and 31 are pivotally mounted to opposite
sides of the upper portion of the housing 18, above the vacuum
retrievers 26, by hinge pins 34 and 35, respectively. The forming
arms may be identical in construction and each includes a proximal
end portion 36 on the upper side of its hinge pin and a distal end
portion 38 on the other side of its hinge pin. The distal end or
tip 40 of each forming arm 30, 31 extends at an obtuse angle 41,
forming a slight bend in the length of the distal end portion 38 of
the forming arms 30, 31.
[0025] With this arrangement, the forming arms are moveable in arcs
indicated by the double-headed arrows 44 of FIG. 6 for folding the
side portions 4 and 5 with respect to the intermediate portion 3 of
the work product 1 at the score lines 6 and 7.
[0026] Fluid actuated cylinders 46 and 48 are supported over the
vacuum plenum housing 20, with a support bracket 50 extending from
the tool support 16 on opposite sides of the housing 18. Pistons 52
and 53 extend from the cylinders and are connected to the distal
end portions 36 of the forming arms 30 and 31. When the pistons 52,
53 are distended, the forming arms 30 and 31 are tilted in a
downward direction as indicated by the arrows 44 of FIGS. 1 and 3,
to substantially parallel positions as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
Likewise, when the pistons are retracted into their respective
fluid actuated cylinders 46 and 48, the vacuum retrievers 26 move
back from the position shown in FIG. 7 to the position shown in
FIG. 4.
[0027] While FIG. 4 shows the end of arm tool 10 suspended over the
work product 1, FIG. 5 shows the tool in engagement with the
generally flat work product 1, with the vacuum retrievers 26 in
full engagement with the work product 1 and with the low air
pressure in the vacuum plenum housing 20 in direct communication
with the work product 1. This connects the vacuum retrievers to the
intermediate portion of the work product so that the work product
will be picked by the tool 10. The work product 1 may be a single
work product or the top work product in a vertical stack 2 of the
products. The vacuum is applied by the tool only to the top work
product so that when the tool is lifted from the stack of work
products, only the top work product will be lifted, as shown in
FIG. 6.
[0028] FIG. 6 shows the end of arm tool 10 after it has engaged the
work product 1, has lifted the work product away from the stack of
work products, and is beginning the movement toward a shipping
container 8 shown in FIG. 8.
[0029] Shipping container 8 typically is a rectangular box formed
of corrugated cardboard having lids 60 and 61 extending upwardly
from side walls 64 and 65. The lid flaps are open so as to expose
the upper opening of the shipping container. The shipping container
will have been previously filled with the products B that are to be
stored and/or shipped, typically with the products substantially
filling the bottom half of the container 8.
[0030] As shown in FIG. 6, as the end of arm tool 10 moves from the
stack of work products 1 toward the shipping container 8, fluid
actuated cylinders such as pneumatic cylinders 46 and 48 begin to
tilt the forming arms 30 and 31 as shown by arrows 44 of FIG. 6.
When the forming arms are tilted to the extent shown in FIG. 6,
they become engaged with the lateral sides 4 and 5 of the work
product 1, bending the lateral sides 4 and 5 in the directions as
indicated by arrows 62 and 63, from a horizontal attitude toward a
vertical attitude shown in FIG. 7. The work products may have score
lines such as score lines 6 and 7 to create accurate folding of the
lateral side portions of the work products. When the forming arms
30 and 31 reach their downwardly extending substantially parallel
attitudes, they will have moved from a level above the vacuum
retrievers 26 to a level below the vacuum retrievers 26, reaching
the lateral side portions 4 and 5 of the work product 1 and folding
the side portions 4 and 5 inwardly to their vertical positions as
shown in FIG. 7.
[0031] As shown in FIG. 7, the tip ends 40 of the forming arms 30
and 31 are formed at an obtuse angle 41 so that when the forming
arms reach their approximately vertical positions, the tip ends 40
are angled toward each other. This allows the forming arms 30 and
31 to have the ability to push against the oppositely extending
lateral sides 4 and 5 of the work product when the upper portions
of the forming arms straddle the intermediate portion 3 of the work
product 1 at the obtuse angle 41.
[0032] FIG. 7 shows the end of arm tool 10 after it has formed the
work product in its desired position, ready for insertion in the
shipping container. The tool and its work product will be in this
configuration when the end of arm tool is positioned over the
shipping container, ready to insert the work product into the
shipping container.
[0033] The end of arm tool 10 and its work product 1 will be
positioned directly over the shipping container 8, and the tool
will be lowered as shown in FIG. 8 so that the lateral sides 4 and
5 of the work product will be accurately aligned just inside the
container side walls 64 and 65, respectively. The forming arms 30
and 31 will guide the lateral side portions 4 and 5 into a tucked
relationship just inside the side walls 64 and 65 of the shipping
container, aligned between the goods A and the adjacent side walls
64 and 65 of the shipping container 8, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
The intermediate portion 3 of the work product is oriented
horizontally and will come to rest at the entrance opening of the
product container 8.
[0034] As shown in FIG. 5, once the work product 1 has been aligned
with the shipping container 8, the vacuum retrievers will release
their vacuum that is applied to the work product and the vacuum
retrievers are no longer attached to the work product and the end
of arm tool 10 is ready to begin to move upwardly to withdraw from
the product container 8.
[0035] The end of arm tool 10 may leave the work product at a level
in the shipping container with the lateral sides fully inserted
about the sides of the goods A or only partially inserted as shown
in FIGS. 9-11 where they are aligned with the space between the
goods A and the sidewalls of the shipping container 8.
[0036] As shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, evacuation cylinders 66 and 67
include piston rods 68 and 69 that distend downwardly for urging
against the upwardly facing horizontal surface of the intermediate
portion 3 of the work product 1. The evacuation cylinders and/or
their piston rods may extend through the housing 18 so that the
piston rods are positioned in the array of vacuum retrievers 26 in
the vicinity of the intermediate portion 3 of the work product
1.
[0037] In order to make sure that the work product 1 is inserted
into the container 8 to the proper depth, the piston rods 68 and 69
of evacuation cylinders 66 and 67 (FIG. 9) are distended and engage
the upwardly facing horizontal surface of the intermediate portion
3 of the work product 1, tending to push the work product further
into the product container 8 as the forming arms 30 and 31 begin to
withdraw from adjacent the side walls 64 and 65 of the product
container 8. This assures that the action of withdrawing the
forming arms 30 and 31 does not inadvertently lift the work product
1 out of the product container 8 during withdrawal. Also, this
function applies a downward force to the work product and assures
that the work product is properly inserted into the product
container.
[0038] After the work product has been properly placed within the
product container 8 over goods A as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the
end of arm tool 10 will move away from the product container, back
to retrieve another group of goods B. In the meantime, the piston
rods 68 and 69 may be retracted back up into their respective
evacuation cylinders 66 and 67, and the forming arms 30 and 31 may
be pivoted upwardly from their positions shown in FIGS. 4 and 5
back to their original positions such as shown in FIGS. 1 and
2.
[0039] While only two evacuation cylinders 66 and 67 and their
respective piston rods 68 and 69 are illustrated, other evacuation
means, such as four cylinders and their respective piston rods may
be used in a rectangular array for urging the work product into the
shipping container 8. Thus, the evacuation cylinders and their
respective piston rods function as discharge means that may be
supported by the tool support for urging the U-shaped work product
away from the vacuum retrievers and for urging the side portions of
the work product into the container.
[0040] By using the same procedures, another level of goods B may
be placed on the top of the work product that extends over the
first level of goods A, as shown in FIGS. 11-14. The weight of the
on coming second level of goods will push the work product down
toward the upper surfaces of the goods A, but the lateral sides of
the work product are dimensioned to engage the bottom of the
shipping container as the intermediate portion of the work product
approaches the lower level of the goods A, as shown in FIG. 14.
This avoids the weight of the goods in the upper level of goods B
from bearing on the goods A in the lower level.
[0041] Although a preferred embodiment of the invention has been
disclosed in detail herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in
the art that variations and modifications of the disclosed
embodiment can be made without departing from the spirit and scope
of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
* * * * *