U.S. patent application number 13/128475 was filed with the patent office on 2011-11-24 for method and device for monitoring the combustion process in a power station on the basis of an actual concentration distribution of a material.
This patent application is currently assigned to Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Bernhard Meerbeck, Rainer Speh.
Application Number | 20110287372 13/128475 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42084487 |
Filed Date | 2011-11-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110287372 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Meerbeck; Bernhard ; et
al. |
November 24, 2011 |
Method and Device for Monitoring the Combustion Process in a Power
Station on the Basis of an Actual Concentration Distribution of a
Material
Abstract
Methods and a device for monitoring the combustion process in a
power station are provided. An actual concentration distribution of
a material and/or an actual temperature distribution are measured
in the combustion chamber. Conclusions are drawn regarding the type
of combustion material on the basis of the measured actual
concentration distribution or temperature distribution. A
concentration distribution or temperature distribution of a
material that has been determined using a sample fuel is compared
with the measured actual concentration distribution or temperature
distribution.
Inventors: |
Meerbeck; Bernhard;
(Kelkheim, DE) ; Speh; Rainer; (Weiterstadt,
DE) |
Assignee: |
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Munchen
DE
|
Family ID: |
42084487 |
Appl. No.: |
13/128475 |
Filed: |
November 10, 2009 |
PCT Filed: |
November 10, 2009 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP09/64887 |
371 Date: |
August 5, 2011 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
431/12 ;
431/13 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23D 1/00 20130101; F23D
2201/00 20130101; F23N 5/02 20130101; F23N 5/022 20130101; F23N
5/003 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
431/12 ;
431/13 |
International
Class: |
F23N 5/26 20060101
F23N005/26; F23N 1/00 20060101 F23N001/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 11, 2008 |
DE |
10 2008 056 674.8 |
Claims
1.-7. (canceled)
8. A method of monitoring combustion in a combustion chamber in a
power station, comprising: providing a combustion chamber and a
fuel; burning the fuel in the combustion chamber; measuring an
actual concentration distribution of a substance in the combustion
chamber; and drawing conclusions about the fuel based upon the
measured actual concentration distribution, wherein a comparison is
made between a concentration distribution for the substance,
determined from known fuels as sample fuels, and the measured
actual concentration distribution.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the comparison is made
with at least one stored sample characteristic concentration for
the substance.
10. A method for monitoring combustion in a combustion chamber in a
power station, comprising: providing a combustion chamber and a
fuel; burning the fuel in the combustion chamber; measuring an
actual temperature distribution in the combustion chamber; and
drawing conclusions about the fuel based upon the measured actual
temperature distribution, wherein a comparison is made between a
temperature distribution determined with a sample fuel and the
measured actual temperature distribution.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the comparison is
made with at least one stored characteristic temperature
distribution.
12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the drawing of
conclusions about the fuel is effected at a same time as the
measuring.
13. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the drawing of
conclusions about the fuel is effected at a same time as the
measuring.
14. A device for monitoring combustion in a combustion chamber in a
power station, comprising: a measuring device for measuring an
actual concentration distribution of a substance in the combustion
chamber; and an evaluation device for drawing conclusions about a
fuel on the basis of the measured actual concentration
distribution.
15. The device as claimed in claim 14, further comprising: a
measuring device for measuring an actual temperature distribution
in the combustion chamber, wherein the conclusions are based upon
the measured actual temperature distribution and the measured
actual concentration distribution.
16. The device according to claim 14, wherein the analysis device
is coupled via a data bus to the evaluation device, an operating
device, and instrumentation equipment.
17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the evaluation device
includes an optimization device.
18. The device according to claim 17, wherein, via the operating
device, the actual concentration distributions and the actual
temperature distributions, are used such that the optimization
device draws conclusions about a quantitative composition of the
fuel currently burning in a combustion chamber.
19. The device according to claim 18, wherein the quantitative
composition of the fuel is determined in order to optimize flames
burning in the combustion chamber, in particular in respect of a
low emission of NO.sub.x (oxides of nitrogen).
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is the US National Stage of International
Application No. PCT/EP2009/064887 filed Nov. 10, 2009, and claims
the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the
benefits of German Patent Application No. 10 2008 056 674.8 DE
filed Nov. 11, 2008. All of the applications are incorporated by
reference herein in their entirety.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to a method for monitoring the
combustion in a combustion chamber in a power station, with
measurement of an actual concentration distribution of a substance
or of an actual temperature distribution in the combustion chamber.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for monitoring the
combustion in a combustion chamber in a power station, using a
device for measuring an actual concentration distribution of a
substance or an actual temperature distribution in the combustion
chamber.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0003] For power stations, the fundamental objective is to monitor
the combustion which is taking place in a combustion chamber in the
power station, for example a boiler with a base area of 10 meters
by 10 meters, over as wide an area as possible, to enable the
variables required for optimizing the combustion process to be
derived therefrom.
[0004] Thus, absorption spectroscopy is a known method. As an
alternative measurement technology, acoustic pyrometry is also
known. Using absorption spectroscopy or acoustic pyrometry, it is
only possible to measure mean values along a line in the boiler or
combustion chamber.
[0005] For the purpose of calculating the temperature and
concentration distributions in a plane in a combustion chamber from
mean values measured at various places in a power station's
combustion chamber, a known method is the CAT measurement
technique, Computer Aided Tomography.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0006] An object of the invention is to enable more extensive
monitoring of the combustion in a power station, in order thereby
to supply the basis for optimizing the combustion process.
[0007] The object is achieved by methods and a device as claimed in
the independent claims. Advantageous developments are described in
the dependent claims.
[0008] In a first form of embodiment, a method in accordance with
the invention for monitoring the combustion in a combustion chamber
in a power station includes the steps: measure an actual
concentration distribution of a substance in the combustion
chamber, and draw conclusions about the nature of the fuel on the
basis of the measured actual concentration distribution. In a
second advantageous alternative or additional form of embodiment, a
method in accordance with the invention for monitoring the
combustion in a combustion chamber in a power station includes the
steps: measure an actual temperature distribution in the combustion
chamber and draw conclusions about the nature of the fuel on the
basis of the measured actual temperature distribution.
[0009] Correspondingly, a first form of embodiment of a device in
accordance with the invention for monitoring the combustion in a
combustion chamber in a power station includes equipment for
measuring an actual concentration distribution of a substance in
the combustion chamber and equipment for drawing conclusions about
the nature of the fuel on the basis of the measured actual
concentration distribution. In a second advantageous, alternative
or additional form of embodiment, equipment in accordance with the
invention for monitoring the combustion in a combustion chamber in
a power station includes equipment for measuring an actual
temperature distribution in the combustion chamber and equipment
for drawing conclusions about the nature of the fuel on the basis
of the measured actual temperature distribution.
[0010] In other words, the basic idea underlying the invention is
that for fuels of a known nature, in particular known types of
coal, it is possible to determine characteristic distributions, in
particular two-dimensional distributions, for the concentration of
at least one substance in the waste gas and/or for the temperature
in the combustion chamber. By reference to such characteristic
distributions, it is possible to recognize the nature of the fuel
and in particular of the type of coal. After this, the recognized
nature or type can then be advantageously taken into account in
regulating the combustion and in particular in the automatic
switchover of control parameters, such as for example the excess
air, for the purpose of reducing the emission of pollutant
substances and for reducing the fuel consumption.
[0011] In the above definition of the invention, the term
"substance" refers generally to any type of combustion product, in
particular in the form of gas as a component of the waste gas.
Furthermore, the term fuel is to be understood as material of any
nature which comes to be burned in power stations. For coal-fired
power stations, which are particularly relevant in the present
case, these are coals of different natures or different types of
coal.
[0012] In drawing conclusions about the nature of the fuel, a
comparison is made respectively between a concentration
distribution for the substance determined from a fuel sample, or a
temperature distribution determined for it, and the measured actual
concentration distribution or temperature distribution, as
applicable.
[0013] With one advantageous development of the solution in
accordance with the invention, when drawing conclusions about the
nature of the fuel a comparison is made with at least one stored
characteristic concentration sample for the substance or a stored
characteristic temperature sample, as appropriate.
[0014] With another advantageous development of the solution in
accordance with the invention, the drawing of conclusions about the
nature of the fuel takes place at the same time as the measurement.
That is, it is not imperative to use a sequential procedure in the
measurement of concentrations and the temperature and the
subsequent drawing of conclusions about the nature of the fuel, but
these steps can also take place simultaneously, so that the
conclusions drawn in accordance with the invention can be produced
particularly quickly and particularly informatively. In summary, it
is thus simply possible in a way which is cost-effective, simple
and at the same time is a reliable process, to achieve a
recognition of the quantitative composition of a fuel which,
although only approximated, is on the other hand very
up-to-date.
[0015] The advantageous developments cited for the inventive method
will preferably also be realized in the farm of appropriately
adapted equipment in the inventive devices.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] An exemplary embodiment of the inventive solution is
explained in more detail below by reference to the attached
schematic drawings. These show:
[0017] FIG. 1 an exemplary embodiment of the inventive device,
and
[0018] FIG. 2 an exemplary embodiment of the inventive method.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0019] FIG. 1 shows a combustion chamber 10 in a coal-fired power
station, which is not shown further here, wherein a coal-fired
furnace burns when the coal-fired power station is in operation.
The combustion chamber 10 then has in it the coal fuel with its
associated combustion gases, several flames 11 and waste gases.
[0020] Provided in the combustion chamber 10 are two measurement
planes 12 and 14, which are horizontal and parallel to one another,
on the peripheral edges of each of which are several measuring
instruments 16, spaced apart from each other. In each case, two of
the measuring instruments 16 permit measurement along a line in the
associated measurement plane, 12 or 14 as applicable, wherein the
concentration of the substances O.sub.2 (oxygen) and CO (carbon
monoxide) can be measured with the help of the measuring
instruments 16 and an associated analysis device 18.
[0021] Furthermore, using the measuring instruments 16 and the
analysis device 18 it is possible to determine the temperature
distribution in the associated measurement plane, 12 or 14 as
applicable. Here, the measurement is based on a combination of
measurement technology and CAT calculation.
[0022] The analysis device 18 is coupled operationally via a data
bus 20 to an optimization device 22, an operating device 24, and
management equipment or control and instrumentation equipment 26.
Via the operating device 24, the actual concentration distributions
and temperature distributions in the planes 12 and 14, measured by
the analysis device 18, can be used to enable the optimization
device 22 to draw conclusions from them about the nature of the
fuel currently burning in the combustion chamber 10, in the present
case the type of coal which is there.
[0023] The nature of the fuel is determined in order to optimize
the flames 11 burning in the combustion chamber 10, in particular
in respect of a low emission of NO.sub.x (oxides of Nitrogen).
[0024] For the purpose of determining the nature of the fuel, the
optimization device 22 uses stored characteristic samples of the
concentrations of the substances cited in the waste gas and of the
temperature, which have been determined using reference fuels and
stored in the optimization device 22. The actual measured
distributions of the concentration and the temperature are compared
with these samples and matches are recognized by a comparison of
this type.
[0025] The associated method is illustrated in FIG. 2. It includes
the step 28 of measuring in the plane 12 the concentration
distribution, e.g. of the substances O.sub.2 and CO, and the
temperature distribution. In step 30 the concentration
distribution, for example of the substances O.sub.2 and CO, in the
plane 14 and the temperature distribution there, are measured at
the same time. In step 32 the concentration distribution and the
temperature distribution in the planes 12 and 14 are, as explained
above, analyzed in such a way that conclusions can be drawn about
the nature of the fuel in the combustion chamber 10.
[0026] On the basis of this conclusion, optimization of the
combustion is then effected in a step 34, for example by a change
in the air layering and/or a section by section change in the
excess air.
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