U.S. patent application number 12/972283 was filed with the patent office on 2011-11-24 for personal care composition foaming product.
Invention is credited to Elizabeth H. Agostino, Christopher Gerald Donner, Sebastian Karol GALAZKA, George Scott Kerr, Brandon Scott Lane, Robert Drennan Lewis, Mark Thomas Lund, Firoj Vohra.
Application Number | 20110284587 12/972283 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43566676 |
Filed Date | 2011-11-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110284587 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
GALAZKA; Sebastian Karol ;
et al. |
November 24, 2011 |
Personal Care Composition Foaming Product
Abstract
A personal care composition having a relatively higher viscosity
that gives a desired foamed composition generated from a
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser.
Inventors: |
GALAZKA; Sebastian Karol;
(Loveland, OH) ; Lane; Brandon Scott; (Hamilton,
OH) ; Vohra; Firoj; (Mason, OH) ; Agostino;
Elizabeth H.; (Loveland, OH) ; Kerr; George
Scott; (Mason, OH) ; Lewis; Robert Drennan;
(West Chester, OH) ; Lund; Mark Thomas; (Mason,
OH) ; Donner; Christopher Gerald; (Liberty,
OH) |
Family ID: |
43566676 |
Appl. No.: |
12/972283 |
Filed: |
December 17, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61287923 |
Dec 18, 2009 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/70.1 ;
222/190 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61Q 5/10 20130101; A61K
2800/87 20130101; A45D 19/02 20130101; B05B 7/0037 20130101; A61K
8/046 20130101; B05B 11/043 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
222/190 |
International
Class: |
B67D 7/06 20100101
B67D007/06 |
Claims
1. A personal care product comprising a manually-actuable,
non-aerosol dispenser equipped with a reservoir comprising a
reservoir volume, a mixing chamber and a dispensing head, wherein
the reservoir contains a hair coloring mixture comprising: (i) an
oxidative dye precursor, (ii) a foaming agent, (iii) an alkalizing
agent (iv) a thickening agent; and (v) an oxidizing agent; wherein
the volume of the hair coloring mixture is less than the reservoir
volume; wherein the mixed viscosity of the hair coloring mixture is
about 400 cps to about 1500 cps; wherein when the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser is actuated the hair
coloring mixture is mixed with air in an liquid to air ratio of
from about 1:6 to about 1:15 and is dispensed as a foam from the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser.
2. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the reservoir is
fluidly connected to the mixing chamber, the mixing chamber is
fluidly connected to the dispensing head; wherein when the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser is actuated, a hair
colorant product is dispensed as a foam.
3. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the mixed viscosity
of the hair coloring mixture is from 450 cps to about 1000 cps.
4. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the hair coloring
mixture has a low-shear viscosity of from 1000 cps to about 150000
cps.
5. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the thickening
agent is selected from the group consisting of salts of fatty acids
represented by the formula: ##STR00004## wherein R.sub.1 is a
hydrocarbon radical of the formula C.sub.nH.sub.2n-1,
C.sub.nH.sub.2n-1 or C.sub.nH.sub.2n-3 and n is an integer from 12
to 24 and mixtures thereof; M is hydrogen, sodium, potassium or
ammonium.
6. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the thickening
agent is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, gellan
gum, pectine, alginate, arabinogalctan, carageenan, rhamsan gum,
furcellaran gum and mixtures thereof.
7. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the thickening
agent is selected from the group consisting of
hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose,
hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium guar gum and mixtures thereof.
8. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the thickening
agent is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl
pyrrolidone, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone,
dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and quaternary versions of the same
with methyl sulfates, and polymers and copolymers of vinyl alcohol
and vinyl acetate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, copolymers
with esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, copolymers of
methylvinylether and maleic anhydride and mixtures thereof.
9. The personal care product of claim 2 wherein the mixing chamber
comprises at least one liquid ingress orifice, an air ingress
orifice and a mixing chamber egress orifice.
10. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein air is introduced
into the mixing chamber by the air ingress orifice such that liquid
to air ratio is from about 1:8 to about 1:12.
11. The personal care product of claim 2 wherein the dispenser
further comprises a dip tube in the reservoir and connected to the
ingress orifice of the mixing chamber, wherein the dip tube has a
diameter of greater than 2.0 mm, preferably from about 2.0 mm to
about 4.0 mm, more preferably from about 2.5 mm to about 3.5
mm.
12. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the hair coloring
mixture is dispensed as a foam; wherein the foam has a foam
specific volume from about 7.5 ml/g to about 12 ml/g.
13. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the oxidative dye
precursor may comprise developer substances, coupler substances or
self-coupling compounds.
14. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing
agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide,
inorganic alkali metal peroxides such as sodium periodate and
sodium peroxide and organic peroxides such as urea peroxide,
melamine peroxide, and inorganic perhydrate salt bleaching
compounds, such as the alkali metal salts of perborates,
percarbonates, perphosphates, persilicates, persulphates and
mixtures thereof.
15. The personal care product of claim 1 wherein the foaming agent
is an amphoteric surfactant.
16. A personal care product comprising a manually-actuable,
non-aerosol dispenser equipped with a reservoir comprising a
reservoir volume, a mixing chamber and a dispensing head, wherein
the reservoir contains a personal care composition comprising a
composition viscosity from about 400 cps to about 1500 cps; wherein
when the manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser is actuated the
personal care composition is mixed with air in an liquid to air
ratio of from about 1:6 to about 1:15 and is dispensed as a
foam.
17. A personal care product of claim 16 wherein the personal care
composition is dispensed as a foam, wherein the foam has a foam
specific volume from about 7.5 ml/g to about 12 ml/g.
18. The personal care product of claim 16 wherein the mixed
viscosity of the hair coloring mixture is from 450 cps to about
1000 cps.
19. The personal care product of claim 16 wherein the hair coloring
mixture has a low-shear viscosity of from 1000 cps to about 150000
cps.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 61/287,923 filed Dec. 18, 2009.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a higher viscosity personal
care composition for use in combination with a foaming dispenser
such that a desired foam profile is produced.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Non-aerosol products have become popular, especially for
hand soap products. However, designing an acceptable foamed product
must focus on achieving foam characteristics desired by consumers
for the consumer product.
[0004] Desired foam characteristics for consumer products, such as
personal care compositions, are dependent upon the end use and
consumer expectations. If a consumer foamed product is expected to
be applied to a surface other than the hands of the consumer, there
are properties that define acceptable foam characteristics to
consumers. Acceptable foam characteristics in personal care
composition are exemplified by foam that holds its shape and stays
in a consistent form, without any container, in order to transfer
from a consumer's hand to the desired location on the consumer's
body (e.g., hair, face, arms, legs, etc.). If foam collapses
prematurely and becomes a liquid, movement of the consumer's hand,
specifically the palm of the hand, from a horizontal position to a
non-horizontal position for application causes the foam to run,
drip or otherwise move before the foam can be applied to the
desired location. This foam characteristic is especially
undesirable when working with personal care compositions that can
change the color or tint the surface it touches, such as hair dying
composition or skin tinting compositions.
[0005] Manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser useful herein
includes both squeeze and pump foamers. The basic mechanism to that
liquid from a container reservoir is pumped into a liquid/air
mixing chamber where air is mixed with liquid held within the
container. Foam is generated (air into liquid) and then passed
through one or more screens to refine the foam which is then
dispensed. Traditionally, liquids that were used in such foamers
were described as having a "high" viscosity when the viscosity (at
25.degree. C.) is 100 cps (0.1 pascal seconds) or less. See US
2004/0254253 A1. Although viscosities (at 25.degree. C.) of up to
300 cps (0.3 pascal seconds) of liquids for such foamers has been
discussed. See US 2004/0213752 A1. Use of polymers to increase the
viscosity of a personal cleaning composition that is foamed is
known, but with target viscosities of the composition are targeted
to be less than 100 cps (0.1 pascal seconds). See WO 91/14759.
[0006] The manner under which the manually-actuable, non-aerosol
dispenser foamers operate to generate foam, higher viscosity
materials (higher than 300 cps or 0.3 pascal seconds) either make
squeezing or pumping too difficult as large amounts of work (an
applied force moving an object a distance) is required to dispense
higher viscosity liquids from such foaming containers.
Additionally, foam quality of a higher viscosity liquid can be
affected when the liquid is shaken as air is trapped in the higher
viscosity liquid--thus the amount of air introduced into the higher
viscosity compositions (above 300 cps or 0.3 pascal seconds) is
insufficient to produce a desire foam specific volume.
[0007] Additional benefits of the present invention include a
desired foam specific volume of the resulting foamed personal care
composition, reduction in force required to actuate the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser, improved end results of
the personal care composition such as improved color results and
improved amount of personal care product delivered per stroke.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present application relates to a personal care
composition product comprising a manually-actuable, non-aerosol
dispenser equipped with a reservoir comprising a reservoir volume,
a mixing chamber and a dispensing head, wherein the reservoir
contains a hair coloring mixture comprising an (1) oxidative tint
comprising an oxidative tint precursor, a foaming agent, an
alkalizing agent and a thickening agent; and (2) an oxidizing
agent; wherein the volume of the hair coloring mixture is less than
the reservoir volume; wherein the mixed viscosity of the hair
coloring mixture is about 400 cps (0.4 pascal seconds) to about
1500 cps (1.5 pascal seconds); wherein when the manually-actuable,
non-aerosol dispenser is actuated the hair coloring mixture is
mixed with air in an liquid to air ratio of from about 1:6 to about
1:15 and the hair colorant mixture is dispensed as a foam from the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser.
[0009] The present application relates to a personal care
composition product comprising a manually-actuable, non-aerosol
dispenser equipped with a reservoir comprising a reservoir volume,
a mixing chamber and a dispensing head, wherein the reservoir
contains a personal care composition comprising a composition
viscosity from about 400 cps (0.4 pascal seconds) to about 1500 cps
(1.5 pascal seconds); wherein when the manually-actuable,
non-aerosol dispenser is actuated the personal care composition
product is mixed with air in an liquid to air ratio of from about
1:6 to about 1:15 and the personal care composition product is
dispensed as a foam.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the manually-actuable,
non-aerosol dispenser cross sectional view;
[0011] FIG. 1A is a magnified view, taken along lines 1A-1A of FIG.
1, of a mesh disposed near a diffuser opening or mixing chamber
egress orifice of the dispenser;
[0012] FIG. 1B is a magnified view, taken along lines 1B-1B of FIG.
1, of a mesh, disposed near a dispenser head orifice;
[0013] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a dispenser head of the
dispenser of FIG. 1;
[0014] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment
of the manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser of the present
disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 3A is a magnified view, taken along lines 3A-3A of FIG.
3, of a mesh disposed near a diffuser opening or mixing chamber
egress orifice of the dispenser;
[0016] FIG. 3B is a magnified view, taken along lines 3B-3B of FIG.
3, of a mesh, disposed near a dispenser head orifice; and
[0017] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a dispenser head of the
dispenser of FIG. 3.
[0018] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the mixing device described
for the viscosity test method below.
[0019] FIG. 6 is a front view of the mixing device described for
the viscosity test method below.
[0020] FIG. 7 is a back view of the mixing device described for the
viscosity test method below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0021] The personal care composition of the present application
comprises certain rheological characteristics, such as having a
desired mixed viscosity or low-shear viscosity and that the
composition is shear-thinning (e.g. comprising a viscosity which
decreases as shear is applied to the composition) during dispensing
of the personal care composition. Lastly, the personal care
composition should, after dispensing as a foam and subsequent foam
collapse, have a low-shear viscosity which is higher than the mixed
viscosity.
[0022] The desired viscosity profile ensures a desired consumer
experience when interacting with the personal care composition. The
foam specific volume is impacted by the rheological properties and
the liquid to air ratio. The rheology properties of the composition
after it is foamed, and the foam collapsed, is selected such that
the composition does not drip or run from the surface on which it
is applied, such as hair.
[0023] As used herein "mixed viscosity" is the viscosity of the
personal care composition prepared and measured by the methods
defined below. In one embodiment, a hair colorant composition where
two or more sub-components are mixed together, such as a
sub-component comprising an oxidative dye precursor (tint
composition) and a sub-component comprising an oxidizing agent
(developer composition), by a consumer just prior to use of the
composition, the mixed viscosity would be the viscosity of the
resulting mixture of the tint composition and developer composition
rather than the viscosity of the individual sub-components prior to
mixing together.
[0024] The mixed viscosity of the personal care composition is from
about 400 cps (0.4 pascal seconds) to about 1500 cps (1.5 pascal
seconds), preferably from about 450 cps (0.45 pascal seconds) to
about 1000 cps (1.0 pascal seconds). The personal care composition
may comprise components that will affect the mixed viscosity, such
a dyes, alkali component content or salt content. A suitable
thickener should be selected to adjust the mixed viscosity of the
personal care composition into the desired range.
[0025] For example, a personal care composition which is a hair
colorant formulation comprising a high total dye content and a low
alkali content represent dark shades, such a black hair colors, may
have a mixed viscosity from about 500 cps (0.5 pascal seconds) to
about 1500 cps (1.5 pascal seconds).
[0026] For example, a personal care composition which is a hair
colorant formulation comprising dyes relating to red shades, such
as red or auburn hair colors, may have a mixed viscosity from about
400 cps (0.4 pascal seconds) to about 800 cps (0.8 pascal
seconds).
[0027] For example, a personal care composition which is a hair
colorant formulation comprising low total dye content and high
alkali content representing light shades, such as blond colors, may
have a mixed viscosity of from about 400 cps (0.4 pascal seconds)
to about 700 cps (0.7 pascal seconds), such as 450 cps (0.45 pascal
seconds) to about 700 cps (0.7 pascal seconds).
[0028] If the personal care product is not a product that requires
mixing before use, such as shampoos, conditioners, lotion,
cosmetics (e.g., foundation, blush, eye shadow), perfume, facial
cleansers and the like, then the composition viscosity is from
about 400 cps (0.4 pascal seconds) to about 1500 cps (1.5 pascal
seconds), preferably from about 450 cps (0.45 pascal seconds) to
about 1000 cps (1.0 pascal seconds). As used herein, the
"composition viscosity" means the composition as it exists within
the reservoir of the manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser when
a consumer would be dispensing the personal care product.
[0029] The foamed personal care composition, after the foam has
collapsed, preferably has a low-shear viscosity more than 1000 cps
(1.0 pascal seconds), more preferably more than 10000 cps (10.0
pascal seconds), preferably from 50000 cps (50.0 pascal seconds) to
150000 cps (150 pascal seconds), preferably from 60000 cps (60.0
pascal seconds) to 140000 cps (140.0 pascal seconds). As used
herein "low-shear viscosity" means the viscosity of the personal
care composition measured according the methodology discussed below
and recorded at a shear rate of 0.01 s.sup.-1. The low-shear
viscosity is believed to represent the viscosity of the personal
care composition after the personal care composition is foamed and
then collapses.
[0030] The personal care composition may comprise components that
will affect the low-shear viscosity, such a dyes, ammonia content
or salt content.
[0031] For example, a personal care composition which is a hair
colorant formulation comprising a high total dye content and a low
ammonia content represent dark shades, such a black hair colors,
may have a low-shear viscosity from about 80000 cps (80.0 pascal
seconds) to about 120000 cps (120.0 pascal seconds).
[0032] For example, a personal care composition which is a hair
colorant formulation comprising dyes relating to red shades, such
as red or auburn hair colors, may have a low-shear viscosity from
about 100000 cps (100.0 pascal seconds) to about 150000 cps (150.0
pascal seconds).
[0033] For example, a personal care composition which is a hair
colorant formulation comprising low total dye content and high
ammonia content representing light shades, such as blond colors,
may have a low-shear viscosity of from about 50000 cps (50.0 pascal
seconds) to about 90000 cps (90.0 pascal seconds).
Foam
[0034] As used herein "foam" means a personal care composition
which after being passed through a manually-actuable, non-aerosol
dispenser has bubbles that sustain their shape and give a volume
independent of any type of container. The foam preferably comprises
a uniform bubble size. It is preferably that the volume is a foam
specific volume from about 6 ml/g to about 14 ml/g, such as about
7.5 ml/g to about 12 ml/g, such as from about 8 ml/g to about 11
ml/g immediately after dispensing. One embodiment is a foam
specific volume of about 10 ml/g immediately after dispensing.
[0035] As used herein "stroke" means deflecting a reservoir that is
placed against a vertical flat surface, such as a wall, on the side
of the reservoir opposite the wall, 30 mm towards the wall at a
rate of 20 mm per second. "Squeeze" or "dispensed" are also
included in the term "stroke".
[0036] A manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser is optionally
designed to have a foam output per stroke or squeeze from about 0.5
gram/stroke to about 5.0 gram/stroke, preferably about 0.8
gram/stroke to about 4.0 gram/stroke, preferably from about 1.0
gram/stroke to about 4.0 gram/stroke. In one embodiment, the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser is optionally designed to
have a foam output per stroke or squeeze from about 1.8 gram/stroke
to about 2.2 gram/stroke.
[0037] A manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser is optionally
designed to have a foam output per stroke or squeeze from about 3
ml/stroke to about 70 ml/stoke, preferably from about 76 ml/stroke
to about 48 ml/stroke, preferably from about 8 ml/stroke to about
44 ml/stroke, preferably from about 18 ml/stroke to about 22
ml/stroke.
[0038] The minimum time for the foam to retain its volume is at
least long enough to transfer from a user's hand to the desired
location, such as on the hair, e.g. the foam substantially
maintains its shape and foam specific volume. A preferred minimum
time is for at least 10 seconds, for example at least 12, or at
least 15 seconds. It could be longer minimum time if a quantity of
foam, e.g. a bowl full by a hair dresser, is generated and
spreading on the head only starts once the bowl full is readily
made, such as 5 minutes or such as 10 minutes.
[0039] In order to fulfill the coloring action, oxidative hair
colorant compositions need to reach and disperse on the hair. Hence
a foam oxidative hair color composition needs to collapse within
the time usually allocated for hair coloring (e.g., 10 to 30
minutes). The collapse of the foam could be as quickly as 3 to 10
minutes but may be up to 15 minutes, or up to 30 minutes.
[0040] The amount of sebum on hair can affect the foam and cause it
to collapse. The more sebum on the hair, the faster the foam
collapses on the hair.
Thickening Agents
[0041] Suitable for use in the personal care compositions to
achieve the desired mixed viscosity (as defined herein) and
low-shear viscosity (as defined herein) include salts of fatty
acids represented by the formula:
##STR00001##
Wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical of the formula
C.sub.nH.sub.2n-1, C.sub.nH.sub.2n-1 or C.sub.nH.sub.2n-3 and n is
an integer from 12 to 24. M is selected as hydrogen, sodium,
potassium or ammonium. Examples of suitable fatty acid salts
include ammonium stearate, potassium stearate, ammonium oleate and
ammonium ricinoleate Ammonium salts may result from in-situ
formation from fatty acids and ammonia, such as oleic acid and
ammonia.
[0042] The salts of fatty acids may be present in the tint
composition from about 0.05% to about 10%, such as about 0.1% to
about 8%, such as from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the tint
composition.
[0043] Polysaccharides and copolymers of polysaccharides and
synthetic monomers are also useful in the present invention. Such
saccharides useful herein include: glucose, galactose, mannose,
arabinose, xylose, fucose, fructose, glucosamine, galactosamine,
glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, and 5 or 6 membered ring
polyalcohols. Also included are hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl and
hydroxypropyl derivatives of the above saccharides. Xanthan gum,
e.g., CP Kelco's KELTROL.RTM. T, (molecular weight about 2,000,000)
is also a suitable polymer. Also suitable include gellan gum (e.g.,
CP Keloc's KELCOGEL.RTM. AFT), pectine, alginate, arabinogalctan,
carageenan, rhamsan gum and furcellaran gum. Suitable for use as a
thickener herein include cellulose derivatives such as
hydroxyethyl- and carboxymethylcellulose and guar gums such as
hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium guar gum. Specific examples
include: a nonionic hydroxyethyl cellulose polymers (e.g.,
Aqualon/Hercules Incorporated's NATROSOL.RTM. 250MXR and
NATROSOL.RTM. 250HR); and cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose polymers
(e.g., Union Carbide Corporation's JR-400 and LM-200).
[0044] Some additional polymers suitable for use as a thickener
include polyvinyl pyrrolidone and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone
such as those containing vinyl acetate,
dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and quaternary versions of the same
with methyl sulfates, and polymers and copolymers of vinyl alcohol
and vinyl acetate. Some acrylic polymers suitable for use herein
include polyacrylic acid (e.g., Noveon's CARBOPOL.RTM. polymers),
polyacrylamide, copolymers with esters of acrylic acid and
methacrylic acid and copolymers of methylvinylether and maleic
anhydride.
[0045] Further suitable thickeners are listed in the Glossary and
Chapters 3 (alkyl and hydroxyalkylakylcellulose), 4
(carboxymethylcellulose), 12 (hydroxyethylcellulose) and 13
(hydroxypropylcelluose) of the Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums and
Resins. Robert L. Davidson, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y.,
1980.
[0046] The amount of polymeric thickener found useful in the
present compositions is about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably from
about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the personal care composition
or a portion thereof, such as an oxidative tint component.
Solvents
[0047] If necessary, solvents such as water, lower aliphatic
alcohols, for example aliphatic alcohols with from 1 to 4 carbon
atoms such as ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, or glycols such as
glycerin and 1,2-propylene glycol may be utilized for the personal
care composition, such as the hair coloring mixture, in
concentrations of from 0.1 to 30 percent by weight.
Perfume
[0048] The personal care compositions may comprise a perfume
component or components. Perfumes are often a mixture of components
such as essential oils, aroma compounds and solvents (ethanol,
water and perfume oils, such as jojoba oil) to provide a sensorial
experience with top, middle and base notes selected for the
personal care composition. Such components may be found in "Perfume
and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals)," Steffen Arctander,
published by the author, 1969.
Foaming Agent
[0049] The foaming agent may be anything so long as the foaming
agent has foaming properties including surfactants such as
nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants. Preferred
foaming agents include amphoteric surfactants. Useful surfactants
are discussed in US 20040213752 in paragraphs [0024]-[0027].
[0050] Useful anionic surfactants include alkyl ether carboxylates,
alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl glyceryl sulphonates, alkylamido ether
sulphates, alkylarylpolyether sulphates, alkyl monoglyceride
sulphates, alkyl ether sulphonates, alkylamide sulphonates; alkyl
succinates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, alkyl ether sulphosuccinates,
alkylamide sulphosuccinates; alkyl sulphosuccinamates; alkyl
sulphoacetates; alkyl ether phosphates; acyl sarcosinates, N-acyl
methylaminopropionate; acyl isethionates, N-acyltaurates; acyl
lactylates; carboxyalkyl ether of alkyl polyglucosides; alkyl
lecithin derivatives. In one embodiment, an anionic surfactant is
selected as C8-C30 alkyl ether phosphates having from 1 to 20,
preferably 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units, and a non-ionic surfactant
selected from polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers having at least 25,
preferably from 100 to 200 ethylene oxide units.
[0051] Useful nonionic surfactants includes one or more
polyethyleneoxide chains include the following compounds:
polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyethyleneglycol fatty acid esters,
polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor
oil, polyoxyethylene fatty amides and their momoethanolamine and
diethanolamine derivatives and polyethoxylated fatty amines. In one
embodiment include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyethylene
glycol fatty acid esters having at least about 25, preferably from
about 50 to 200, most preferably from about 100 to 200 ethylene
oxide units, for example ceteareth-25, steareth-100, steareth-150
and steareth-200.
[0052] The amount of foaming agent found useful in the present
compositions is about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.1%
to about 10% by weight of the oxidative tint component.
Manually-Actuable, Non-Aerosol Dispensers
[0053] Manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispensers for foam
generation are known in the art. These foam dispensers comprise a
reservoir for holding a liquid to be dispensed in the form of foam
with an assembly which can be mounted on or in an opening of the
reservoir. The assembly comprises a dip tube which extends into the
reservoir and into contact with the personal care composition, then
the dip tube extends in the opposite direction from the reservoir
into a mixing chamber, a liquid pump for pumping the liquid from
the reservoir and an air pump to mix air with the liquid in the
mixing chamber in order to form foam. The foam is dispensed out of
the mixing chamber and through a dispensing channel out of a
dispensing head comprising a dispensing orifice. In the dispensing
channel one or more porous elements such as sieves or screens that
may be arranged to form homogeneous foam.
[0054] The amount of work required for dispensing the personal care
composition with the higher viscosities described herein (higher
than a mixed viscosity of 300 cps (0.3 pascal seconds)) is unique
verses known lower viscosity personal care compositions. It is
unique in that with lower viscosity personal care composition, more
work is expended moving air than the liquid in such systems. For
higher mixed viscosity personal care compositions (higher than 300
cps (0.3 pascal seconds)), more work is expended to move the liquid
than the air in such systems.
[0055] The use of higher viscosity personal care compositions and
the amount of work required to move the higher viscosity personal
care composition further poses unique problems relating the amount
of shear generated in the manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispensers
suitable for use herein. The use of higher viscosity personal care
compositions further affects the ratio of liquid to air. The amount
of work, shear generation, residence time in the shear and liquid
to air ratio are aspects that can be attributed to the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser structure.
[0056] The ratio of liquid to air is from about 1:6 to about 1:15,
preferably from about 1:8 to about 1:12, preferably 1:10.
[0057] Applicants have found that this range of foam specific
volume gives a desired experience by consumers, with the foamed
personal care composition being neither too wet (resulting in
running or dripping) or too dry (low amounts of product deposited).
The foam specific volume will somewhat be controlled by the choice
of manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser (discussed further
below). Pump foamers often have a narrower range of foam specific
volume whereas squeeze foamers have a broader range of foam
specific volume as the user of the squeeze foamer may vary the
amount of work applied from squeeze to squeeze by the consumer.
[0058] Suitable manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser structure
include the dimensions of the dip tube, dimensions of the air
ingress into the mixing chamber, mixing chamber dimensions,
including the ingress and egress orifices from the mixing chamber,
dispensing channel dimensions, porous elements (such as screens or
meshes) and dispensing head orifice.
[0059] The manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser may be a pump
or squeeze foamers. Suitable examples of pump foamers are
exemplified in EP 0613728 B1, WO 97/013585 A1 and EP 1716933 A1.
Suitable squeeze foamers are exemplified by the following patents:
U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,437; U.S. Pat. No. 3,937,364; U.S. Pat. No.
4,022,351; U.S. Pat. No. 4,147,306; U.S. Pat. No. 4,184,615; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,598,862; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,615,467; and FR 2,604,622.
One particular example of a squeeze foamer useful herein is a
squeeze foamer that is able to dispense from an upright or inverted
position such as the one discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,604,693
assigned to Taplast, and more specifically, at column 2, line 65,
through column 4, line 67 of that patent.
[0060] The manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser comprises a
reservoir. The reservoir comprises a volume such that the reservoir
volume is larger that the volume of the personal care composition
contained within the reservoir. The area of the reservoir that is
not occupied by the personal care composition is the head space.
The head space should remain relatively free of the personal care
composition or bubbles of the personal care composition. If the
reservoir is shaken or inverted while the personal care composition
is contained therein, the head space should remain relatively free
of the personal care composition or bubbles thereof. As used in
this paragraph, "relatively free" means less than 50%, such as less
than 75%, such as less than 90%, such as 75% to 100% of the head
space volume is free from the personal care composition or bubbles
thereof.
[0061] The reservoir is selected to have enough volume to contain
the personal care composition, any mechanism for foaming the
personal care composition and head space. The reservoir volume in
one embodiment is selected to be from about 100 mL to about 500 mL,
from about 150 mL to about 400 mL, such as 250 mL. The ratio of the
reservoir volume to personal care composition volume is from about
0.30 to about 0.70, such as from about 0.40 to about 0.55.
[0062] If the manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser is selected
as a squeeze foamer, the shape of the reservoir may be selected
such that when the personal care composition is contained within
the reservoir, the force required per volume displacement may be
optimized. In one embodiment, the force required per volume
displacement is optimized when the shape of the bottle is selected
to have an elliptical cross-section as viewed from vertical axis of
the bottle (from the top or bottom of the bottle). The elliptical
cross-section is preferably concentric such that a neck suitable
for a threaded or snap-on cap may be used to close the reservoir.
The major axis of the elliptical cross-section is orientated such
that it is perpendicular to the force applied to the reservoir
surface
[0063] FIG. 1 illustrates a general structure for a personal care
composition product (25) comprising a foamer assembly (1) and a
reservoir (3).
[0064] The reservoir (3) having a reservoir volume (27) that
contains the personal care composition is fluidly connected to the
mixing chamber (5) such that the personal care composition is
transported from the reservoir (3) when the manually-actuable,
non-aerosol dispenser (25) is dispensed (e.g., "stroke"). The fluid
connection is a dip tube (7). The dip tube (7) diameter for the
present personal care composition having a relatively higher
viscosity requires a relatively larger diameter in order to allow
for easy dispensing (low amount of force needed to dispense) and to
achieve the desired foam specific volume.
[0065] The dip tube (7) diameter is preferably selected to have a
diameter of greater than 2.0 mm, preferably from about 2.0 mm to
about 5.0 mm, more preferably from about 2.5 mm to about 4.0 mm.
The viscosity of the liquid with a dip tube (7) diameter between
about 2.0 mm and about 4.0 mm allows for the liquid to be conveyed
from the reservoir (3) into the mixing chamber (5) with lower
amounts of force by the user during dispensing (e.g., "stroke")
while achieving the desired foam density discussed herein.
[0066] The mixing chamber (5) comprises at least one air ingress
orifice (9), at least one liquid ingress orifice (11) and at least
one mixing chamber egress orifice (13). The mixing chamber (5)
further comprises an internal volume and an exterior wall, which
defines the internal volume of the mixing chamber (5). The mixing
chamber (5) allows for the combination of the personal care
composition and air to begin the formation of the foamed personal
care composition. Modification of the various orifice (9, 11, 13)
areas (the two-dimensions of the indicating orifices that comprise
part of the mixing chamber (5) exterior wall) can affect the foam
specific density, particularly the correlation of the air ingress
orifice (9) and the liquid ingress orifice (11) such that the
liquid to air ratio is appropriate.
[0067] The air ingress orifice (9) is suitable to convey air that
has entered into the headspace of the reservoir (3). The mixing
chamber (5) may comprise more than one air ingress orifice (9). In
one embodiment, the mixing chamber (5) comprises one air ingress
orifice (9). The area of the air ingress orifice (9) may be from
about 0.62 mm.sup.2 (about a 0.2 mm diameter circular air ingress
orifice) to about 3.14 mm.sup.2 (about a 1 mm diameter circular air
ingress orifice), preferably from about 1.26 mm.sup.2 (about a 0.4
mm diameter circular air ingress orifice) to about 1.88 mm.sup.2
(about a 0.8 mm diameter circular air ingress orifice). If more
than one air ingress orifice (9) is selected, the total area of all
air ingress orifices (9) should be used. Communication of the air
in to the mixing chamber (5) via the air ingress orifice (9) can be
and indirect communication with the mixing chamber (5) or a direct
communication with the mixing chamber (5).
[0068] Similarly, the liquid ingress orifice (11) is suitable to
fluidly convey the personal care composition into the mixing
chamber (5) from the reservoir (3), preferably via a dip tube (7).
In one embodiment, the mixing chamber (5) comprises more than one
liquid ingress orifice (11). In one embodiment, the mixing chamber
(5) comprises three liquid ingress orifices (11). The area of the
liquid ingress orifice (11) should be from about 1.5 mm.sup.2 to
about 3 mm.sup.2 In one embodiment the liquid ingress orifice (11)
should be from about 1.8 mm.sup.2 to about 2.3 mm.sup.2. If more
than one liquid ingress orifice (9) is selected, the total area of
all air ingress orifices (9) should be used. For example, a total
area of 2.0 mm.sup.2 for three liquid ingress orifices (11) would
equate the total areas of all three liquid ingress orifices (11)
combined. The fluid conveyance from the reservoir (3) to the mixing
chamber (5) may be an indirect communication pathway with the
mixing chamber (5) or a direct communication pathway with the
mixing chamber (5).
[0069] As used herein "indirect communication" means that the
conveyance of the air or personal care composition to the mixing
chamber (5) travels along a pathway through some other physical
structure before entering into the mixing chamber (5). For example,
the air or personal care composition will come into contact with
the exterior wall of the mixing chamber (5) before entering into
the mixing chamber (5) through the respective orifice (9, 11). In
one embodiment, a void volume (30) is contiguous with the exterior
wall of the mixing chamber (5). The air or the personal care
composition is conveyed from the reservoir, through the dip tube
(7) into the void volume (30) external to the mixing chamber (5).
The void volume (30) is in air and/or in liquid communication with
the air ingress orifice (9) and/or the liquid ingress orifice (11),
respectively.
[0070] As used herein "direct communication" means that the
conveyance of the air or personal care composition to the mixing
chamber (5) travels directly into the mixing chamber (5). For
example, the air or personal care composition will come into
contact with the internal volume of the mixing chamber (5) through
the respective orifice (9, 11) without contacting a component
exterior to the mixing chamber (5).
[0071] In one embodiment, the mixing chamber egress orifice (13) is
selected to create an increase in pressure within the mixing
chamber (5). The mixing chamber (5) may comprise more than one
mixing chamber orifice (13). In one embodiment, the mixing chamber
(5) comprises one mixing chamber egress orifice (13).
[0072] The mixing chamber (5) has an outer wall creating an
internal volume of the mixing chamber (5). The top edge of the
outer wall defines a circumference. The circumference of the top
edge will define a top area of the mixing chamber (5). The mixing
chamber egress orifice (13) may be the same size area of the top
area of the mixing chamber (5), but preferably is selected to be
smaller area than the area of the top area of the mixing chamber
(5) so as to create an increase in pressure in the mixing chamber
(5). The area of the mixing chamber egress orifice (13) may be
between about 0.314 mm.sup.2 (0.1 mm diameter circular orifice) to
about 9.42 mm.sup.2 (3 mm diameter circular orifice). In one
embodiment, the mixing chamber egress orifice (13) comprises an
area of about 2.512 mm.sup.2 (0.8 mm diameter circular orifice) to
about 5.652 mm.sup.2 (1.8 mm diameter circular orifice). If more
than one mixing chamber egress orifice (13) is present, the total
area of all of the mixing chamber egress orifices should be
considered.
[0073] In an embodiment, a diffuser plate (29) comprises the mixing
chamber egress orifice (13). The diffuser plate (29) may be part of
the mixing chamber (5) structure or it may be a separate component
that fits into the mixing chamber (5). It is believed that the
diffuser plate (29) helps increase the residence time in the mixing
chamber (5) and subjects the personal care composition to more time
in the shear generated in the mixing chamber (5).
[0074] The mixing chamber (5) is fluidly connected to the foamer
assembly (1). The personal care composition enters into the mixing
chamber (5) via the liquid ingress orifice (11) and mixes with air
which enters the mixing chamber (5) via the air ingress orifice
(9).
[0075] The air is ordinarily supplied from the environment exterior
to the manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser (25), the air
entering the manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser (25) after a
stroke which is then located in the headspace of the reservoir (3).
The controlled entry or exit of air into the manually-actuable,
non-aerosol dispenser (25) reservoir (3) headspace may be
accomplished by a ball valve (23) or silicone seal or gasket. The
ball valve or silicone seal or gasket may be located in the foamer
assembly (1) an in communication with the headspace. In one
embodiment, the ball valve (23, silicone seal or gasket is located
to communicate between the reservoir (3) and the air external to
the manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser (25) such that when
the manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser (25) is being
dispensed, the ball valve (23) silicone seal or gasket excludes
entry of air external to the manually-actuable, non-aerosol
dispenser (25) into the reservoir (3) headspace so that the air in
the headspace is conveyed to the mixing chamber through the air
ingress orifice (9). After dispensing ("stroke"), the ball valve
(23), silicone seal or gasket allows entry of air external to
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser (25) to enter into the
reservoir (3) to refill the headspace for the next stroke.
[0076] After the personal care composition and air enter into the
mixing chamber (5) and form the foamed personal care composition,
the foamed personal care composition exits the mixing chamber (5)
via the mixing chamber egress orifice (13), traveling through a
foam fluid connection (17) to the foamer assembly (1) and exits the
foamer dispensing orifice (19). The foam fluid connection (17)
between the mixing chamber egress orifice (13) and the foamer
dispensing orifice (19) may have present therein one or more
screens or meshes (21a, 21b, 21c) which may be used to modify the
foam specific volume. The number of meshes, the size of the
openings in the meshes and the frequency of the openings in the
meshes may be used to modify the foam specific volume. In one
embodiment, at least 2 meshes (21a, 21b) are utilized, wherein the
2 meshes (21a, 21b) are contiguous with each other. The meshes
comprise a diameter section and a depth. The diameter section
(largest surface area of the mesh) is the portion of the mesh which
would be contiguous with another mesh.
[0077] At least a lower portion of the dip tube (7) may be angled
toward a lowermost front corner of the reservoir (3) when the
reservoir (3) is tilted at an angle for optimal squeezing and
dispensing of foam, so as to maximize efficient use of the personal
care composition in the reservoir (3). The angle of incline of the
lowermost portion of the dip tube (7) preferably mimics the angle
of incline of the foamer dispensing orifice (19), and both are
preferably at an angle downward from a horizontal axis through the
mesh closest to the dispensing head orifice (19) in a range of
about 30.degree. to about 45.degree..
[0078] In one embodiment, one to three meshes are present in the
fluid connection between the mixing chamber egress and the
dispensing head orifice. In one embodiment, two meshes (21a, 21b)
are located in the foam fluid connection (17) in close proximity to
the mixing chamber egress orifice (13), wherein the two meshes
(21a, 21b) comprise about 170 micron (.mu.) opening size and
wherein one mesh (21c) is located in close proximity to the foamer
dispensing orifice (19), wherein the one mesh (21c) comprises about
a 70 micron (.mu.) opening size.
[0079] In one embodiment two meshes (21a, 21b) located in the foam
fluid connection (17) in close proximity to the mixing chamber
egress orifice (13) and the two meshes (21a, 21b) are contiguous
with each other, wherein the two meshes (21a, 21b) comprise about
170 micron (.mu.) opening size and wherein one mesh (21c) is
located in close proximity to the foamer dispensing orifice (19),
wherein the one mesh (21c) comprises about a 70 micron (.mu.)
opening size. Each mesh is preferably provided as an injection
molded wafer or disc having a cylindrical sidewall and a screen
extending across one end of the cylindrical sidewall. The screen
does not extend axially (from the top edge of the cylindrical
sidewall to the bottom edge of the cylindrical sidewall moving
along the y-axis) the entire length of the cylindrical sidewall. As
used in this paragraph, "contiguous" means that the two cylindrical
sidewalls of the respective wafers or discs are immediately
adjacent one another. However, each of the respective wafers is
preferably oriented with its screen is facing up, such that even
with the two wafers or discs in contact with one another, there is
a gap separating the screen of the first disc from the screen of
the second disc.
[0080] Turning now to FIG. 3, a particularly preferred embodiment
is illustrated in which only two meshes (21a, 21c) are utilized,
one (21a) in close proximity to the mixing chamber egress orifice
(13) and the other (21c) disposed close proximity to the foamer
dispensing orifice (19).
[0081] By varying the size of the mixing chamber egress orifice
(13), the number of meshes (21a, 21b, 21c), and the opening size of
the screens of the meshes, it is possible to reduce the amount of
work required to expel a desired quantity of foam, while
substantially preserving the desired foam specific volume. For
instance, in an exemplary implementation of the embodiment
illustrated in FIG. 1, a mixing chamber egress orifice (13) of 1 mm
diameter is provided in a diffuser plate (29) [area of orifice is
pi*diameter]. In that embodiment, three mesh wafers or discs are
provided in the foam fluid connection (17), with each of the first
two (21a, 21b) comprising a mesh opening size of about 170 micron
(.mu.), and the third comprising a mesh opening size of about 70
micron (.mu.).
[0082] In an exemplary implementation of the embodiment illustrated
in FIG. 3, the second mesh (21b) is omitted, the mixing chamber
egress orifice is increased to 1.75 mm in a diffuser plate (29)
[area of orifice is pi*diameter], the first mesh (21a) has a mesh
opening size of about 170 micron (.mu.), and the mesh wafer or disc
(21c) comprises a mesh opening size of about 70 micron (.mu.) in
located in the foam fluid connection (17).
Personal Care Compositions
Cationic Deposition Polymers
[0083] The personal care composition may comprise a cationic
deposition polymer selected from cellulose, guar, cationically
modified starch, galactomannan polymer derivative and suitable
synthetic deposition polymers.
Cellulose or Guar Cationic Deposition Polymers
[0084] The personal care compositions of the present invention may
include cellulose or guar cationic deposition polymers. Such
cellulose or guar deposition polymers have a charge density from
about 3 meq/g to about 4.0 meq/g at the pH of intended use of the
personal care composition, which pH will generally range from about
pH 3 to about pH 9, preferably between about pH 4 and about pH 8.
The pH of the compositions of the present invention are measured
neat.
[0085] In one embodiment of the invention, the cellulose polymers
are salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethyl ammonium
substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as
Polyquaternium 10 and available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, N.J.,
USA).
[0086] Other suitable cationic deposition polymers include cationic
guar gum derivatives, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride,
specific examples of which include the Jaguar series (preferably
Jaguar C-17.RTM.) commercially available from Rhone-Poulenc
Incorporated.
Cationically Modified Starch Polymer
[0087] The personal care compositions may also comprise a
water-soluble cationically modified starch polymer. The
cationically modified starch polymers have a charge density at
least about 3.0 meq/g. The chemical modification to obtain such a
charge density includes, but is not limited to, the addition of
amino and/or ammonium groups into the starch molecules.
Non-limiting examples of these ammonium groups may include
substituents such as hydroxypropyl trimmonium chloride,
trimethylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride,
dimethylstearylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride, and
dimethyldodecylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride. See Solarek, D. B.,
Cationic Starches in Modified Starches: Properties and Uses,
Wurzburg, O. B., Ed., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla. 1986, pp
113-125.
[0088] The source of starch before chemical modification can be
chosen from a variety of sources such as tubers, legumes, cereal,
and grains. Non-limiting examples of this source starch may include
corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, waxy corn starch, oat
starch, cassava starch, waxy barley, waxy rice starch, glutenous
rice starch, sweet rice starch, amioca, potato starch, tapioca
starch, oat starch, sago starch, sweet rice, or mixtures thereof.
Waxy corn starch is preferred.
Galactomannan Polymer Derivative
[0089] The personal care compositions of the present invention may
comprise a galactomannan polymer derivative having a mannose to
galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis,
the galactomannan polymer derivative is selected from the group
consisting of a cationic galactomannan polymer derivative and an
amphoteric galactomannan polymer derivative having a net positive
charge.
[0090] The gum for use in preparing the non-guar galactomannan
polymer derivatives is typically obtained as naturally occurring
material such as seeds or beans from plants. Examples of various
non-guar galactomannan polymers include but are not limited to Tara
gum (3 parts mannose/1 part galactose), Locust bean or Carob (4
parts mannose/1 part galactose), and Cassia gum (5 parts mannose/1
part galactose). Herein, the term "non-guar galactomannan polymer
derivatives" refers to cationic polymers which are chemically
modified from a non-guar galactomanan polymer. A preferred non-guar
galactomannan polymer derivative is cationic cassia, which is sold
under the trade name, Cassia EX-906, and is commercially available
from Noveon Inc.
[0091] The personal care compositions may comprise at least about
0.05% of a galactomannan polymer derivative by weight of the
composition. In one embodiment, the personal care compositions
comprise from about 0.05% to about 2%, by weight of the
composition, of a galactomannan polymer derivative. Suitable
galactomannan polymer derivatives are described in U.S. Patent
Publication No. 2006/0099167A1 to Staudigel et al.
Synthetic Deposition Polymers
[0092] Synthetic deposition polymers may also be used in the
personal care composition from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of
the personal care composition. Suitable synthetic deposition
polymers include those discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,585,827,
specifically discussed at Col. 5, lines 1-67 and Col. 8, line 5-Col
15. line 5. The synthetic polymer of 1-Propanaminium,
N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, chloride;
(Poly(Methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)) is a
preferred synthetic polymer.
[0093] Another synthetic polymers suitable for the personal care
composition include those discussed in US 2004/0010106 and US
2007/0207109. A particularly suitable synthetic polymer is a random
copolymer having a net positive charge comprising a nonionic
monomer unit of the following formula:
##STR00002##
where R is H or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are
independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and
phenyl, or together are C.sub.3-6cycloalkyl; and a cationic monomer
unit with 2 or more positive charges of the following formula:
##STR00003##
where k=1, each of v, v', and v'' is independently an integer of
from 1 to 6, w is zero or an integer of from 1 to 10, and X.sup.-
is an anion. A preferred cationic monomer is when k=1, v=3, v'=1,
and v''=3, w=1, y=1 and X-- is Cl-- (see paragraph [0051] of US
2007/0207109).
Exfoliating Agents
[0094] The body wash compositions and facial cleanser composition
may further comprise particulate cleansing or exfoliating agents.
Known particulate cleansing or exfoliating agents are acceptable as
long as the particle size is suitable for use with the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispensers and the components
thereof, such as the porous elements.
Conditioning Agent
[0095] The personal care composition may comprise or are used in
combination with a conditioning composition comprising a
conditioning agent. Conditioning agents suitable are selected from
silicone materials, amino silicones, fatty alcohols, polymeric
resins, polyol carboxylic acid esters, cationic polymers, cationic
surfactants, insoluble oils and oil derived materials and mixtures
thereof. Additional materials include glycerin and sorbitol.
Particularly useful conditioning materials are cationic polymers.
Conditioners of cationic polymer type can be chosen from those
comprising units of at least one amine group chosen from primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine groups that may either
form part of the main polymer chain, or be borne by a side
substituent that is directly attached to the main polymer
chain.
[0096] Silicones can be selected from polyalkylsiloxane oils,
linear polydimethylsiloxane oils containing trimethylsilyl or
hydroxydimethylsiloxane endgroups, polymethylphenylsiloxane,
polydimethylphenylsiloxane or polydimethyldiphenylsiloxane oils,
silicone resins, organofunctional siloxanes having in their general
structure one or a number of organofunctional group(s), the same or
different, attached directly to the siloxane chain or mixtures
thereof. Said organofunctional group(s) are selected from:
polyethyleneoxy and/or polypropyleneoxy groups, (per)fluorinated
groups, thiol groups, substituted or unsubstituted amino groups,
carboxylate groups, hydroxylated groups, alkoxylated groups,
quaternium ammonium groups, amphoteric and betaine groups. The
silicone can either be used as a neat fluid or in the form of a
pre-formed emulsion.
[0097] The conditioning agent will generally be used at levels of
from about 0.05% to about 20% by weight of the personal care
composition, such as from about 0.1% to about 15%, such as of from
about 0.2% to about 10%, such as from about 0.2% to about 2% by
weight of the personal care composition.
Hair Colorant
[0098] The hair colorant product of the present invention contains
an oxidative tint composition (herein after tint composition)
comprising oxidative dye precursors, through which the coloring is
produced by the action of oxidizing agents, such as for example
hydrogen peroxide, or in the presence of atmospheric oxygen (if
necessary with the addition of a suitable enzyme system).
Oxidative Dye Precursors
[0099] The hair colorant compositions may include oxidative dye
compounds in the form of primary intermediates or couplers. The
compounds suitable for use, in so far as they are bases, may be
used as free bases or in the form of their physiologically
compatible salts with organic or inorganic acids, such as
hydrochloric, hydrobromic, citric, acetic, lactic, succinic,
tartaric, or sulfuric acids, or, in so far as they have aromatic
hydroxyl groups, in the form of their salts with bases, such as
alkali phenolates.
[0100] These oxidative dye compounds are well known in the art, and
include aromatic diamines, aminophenols, aromatic diols and their
derivatives (a representative but not exhaustive list of oxidation
dye precursor can be found in Sagarin, "Cosmetic Science and
Technology", "Interscience, Special Edn. Vol. 2 pages 308 to
310).
[0101] It is to be understood that the precursors detailed below
are only by way of example and are not intended to limit the hair
care compositions or sub-components such as tint compositions
herein. These are: 1,7-Dihydroxynaphthalene (1,7-NAPHTHALENEDIOL);
1,3-Diaminobenzene (m-PHENYLENEDIAMINE);
1-Methyl-2,5-diaminobenzene (TOLUENE-2,5-DIAMINE);
1,4-Diaminobenzene (p-PHENYLENEDIAMINE); 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene
(RESORClNOL); 1,3-Dihydroxy-4-chlorobenzene, (4-CHLORORESORClNOL);
1-Hydroxy-2-aminobenzene, (o-AMINOPHENOL); 1-Hydroxy-3-aminobenzene
(m-AMINOPHENOL); 1-Hydroxy-4-amino-benzene (p-AMINOPHENOL);
1-Hydroxynaphthalene (1-NAPHTHOL); 1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene
(1,5-NAPHTHALENEDIOL); 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene
(2,7-NAPHTHELENEDIOL); 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene (HYDROQUINONE);
1-Hydroxy-4-methylaminobenzene (p-METHYLAMINOPHENOL);
6-Hydroxybenzo-morpholine (HYDROXYBENZOMORPHOLINE);
1-Methyl-2-hydroxy-4-aminobenzene (4-AMINO-2-HYDROXY-TOLUENE);
1-Methyl-2-hydroxy-4-(2'-hydroxyethyeaminobenzene
(2-METHYL-5-HYDROXY-ETHYLAMINO-PHENOL); 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene
(1,2,4-TRIHYDROXYBENZENE); 1-Phenol-3-methylpyrazol-5-on
(PHENYLMETHYLPYRAZOLONE); 1-(2'-Hydroxyethyloxy)-2,4-diaminobenzene
(2,4-DIAMINOPHENOXY-ETHANOL HCL);
1-Hydroxy-3-amino-2,4-dichlorobenzene
(3-AMINO-2,4-DICHLORO-PHENOL); 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene
(2-METHYLRESORCINOL); 1-Amino-4-bis-(2'-hydroxyethyl)aminobenzene
(N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXY-ETHYL)-p-PHENYLENE-DIAMINE);
2,4,5,6-Tetraminopyrimidine (HC Red 16);
1-Hydroxy-3-methyl-4-aminobenzene (4-AMINO-m-CRESOL);
1-Hydroxy-2-amino-5-methylbenzene (6-AMINO-m-CRESOL);
1,3-Bis-(2,4-Diaminophenoxy)propane
(1,3-BIS-(2,4-DIAMINO-PHENOXY)-PROPANE);
1-(2'-Hydroxyethyl)-2,5-diaminobenzene (HYDROXYETHYL-p-PHENYLENE
DIAMINE SULPHATE);
1-Methoxy-2-amino-4-(2'-hydroxyethylamino)benzene,
(2-AMINO-4-HYDROXYETHYLAMINOANISOLE);
1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-amino-6-chlorobenzene
(5-AMINO-6-CHLORO-o-CRESOL); 1-Hydroxy-2-amino-6-methylbenzene
(6-AMINO-o-CRESOL);
1-(2'-Hydroxyethyl)-amino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene
(HYDROXYETHYL-3,4-METHYLENEDIOXY-ANILINE HCl);
2,6-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethylpyridine
(2,6-DIHYDROXY-3,4-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE); 3,5-Di
amino-2,6-dimethoxypyridine (2,6-DIMETHOXY-3,5-PYRIDINEDIAMINE);
5,6-Dihydroxyindole (5,6-DIHYDROXY-INDOLE);
4-Amino-2-aminomethylphenol (2-AMINOETHYL-p-AMINO-PHENOL HCl);
2,4-Diamino-5-methylphenetol (2,4-DIAMINO-5-METHYL-PHENETOLE HCl);
2,4-Diamino-5-(2'-hydroxyethyloxy)toluene
(2,4-DIAMINO-5-METHYLPHENOXYETHANOL HCl);
5-Amino-4-chloro-2-methylphenol (5-AMINO-4-CHLORO-o-CRESOL);
1,3-Bis(N(2-Hydroxyethyl)N(4-amino-phenyl)amino)-2-propanol
(HYDROXYPROPYL-BIS-(N-HYDROXY-ETHYL-p-PHENYLENEDIAMINE)HCL);
6-Hydrorxyindole (6-HYDROXY-INDOLE); 2,3-Indolinedione (ISATIN);
3-Amino-2-methylamino-6-methoxypyridine (HC BLUE NO. 7);
1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone
(2,4-DIHYDRO-5-METHYL-2-PHENYL-3H-PYRAZOL-3-ONE);
2-Amino-3-hydroxypyridine (2-AMINO-3-HYDROXYPYRIDINE);
5-Amino-salicylic acid;
1-Methyl-2,6-bis(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)benzene
(2,6-HYDROXYETHYLAMINO-TOLUENE); 4-Hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine
(2,5,6-TRIAMINO-4-PYRIMIDINOL SULPHATE);
2,2'-[1,2-Ethanediyl-bis-(oxy-2,1-ethanediyloxy)]-bis-benzene-1,4-diamine
(PEG-3,2',2'-DI-p-PHENYLENEDIAMINE); 5,6-Dihydroxyindoline
(DIHYDROXYINDOLINE); N,N-Dimethyl-3-ureidoaniline
(m-DIMETHYL-AMINO-PHENYLUREA);
2,4-Diamino-5-fluortoluenesulfatehydrate
(4-FLUORO-6-METHYL-m-PHENYLENEDIAMINE SULPHATE);
1-Acetoxy-2-methylnaphthalene (1-HYDROXYYETHYL-4,5-DIAMINOPYRAZOLE
SULPHATE); 1-acetoxy-2-methylnaphthalene (2-METHYL-1-NAPHTHOL);
2-amino-5-ethylphenol (2-AMINO-5-ETHYLPHENOL);
2,4-dichloro-3-aminophenol (3-AMINO-2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL); and
p-Anilinoaniline (N-PHENYL-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE).
[0102] The total quantity of the oxidative dye precursors contained
in tint composition is up to about 12 percent by weight, especially
from about 0.05% to about 6% by weight of the tint composition.
[0103] To obtain specific color shades, moreover, additional
conventional natural and/or synthetic direct dyes can be contained
in the colorant, for example plant pigments such as henna or
indigo, triphenylmethane dyes, aromatic nitro dyes, azo dyes,
quinone dyes, cationic dyes (Basic dyes) or anionic dyes (Acid
dyes).
Alkalizing Agent
[0104] The personal care composition, such as a tint composition
for a hair coloring mixture, may comprises an alkalizing agent,
preferably a source of ammonium ions and or ammonia. Any agent
known in the art may be used such as alkanolamides for example
monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine,
monopropanolamine, dipropanolamine, tripropanolamine,
2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, and
2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol and guanidium salts.
Particularly, preferred alkalizing agents are those which provide a
source of ammonium ions. Any source of ammonium ions is suitable
for use herein. Preferred sources include ammonium chloride,
ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium
acetate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium
carbamate, ammonium hydroxide, percarbonate salts, ammonia and
mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are ammonium carbonate,
ammonium carbamate, ammonia and mixtures thereof.
[0105] The compositions may comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%
by weight, such as from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about
1% to about 3% of an alkalizing agent, such as a source of ammonium
ions.
Oxidizing Agent
[0106] The personal care compositions herein, such as a developer
composition for the hair coloring mixture, may comprise at least
one source of an oxidizing agent. Preferred oxidizing agents for
use herein are water-soluble peroxygen oxidizing agents.
"Water-soluble" as defined herein means that in standard condition
at least 0.1 g, preferably 1 g, more preferably 10 g of said
oxidizing agent can be dissolved in 1 liter of deionized water. The
oxidizing agents may be provided in aqueous solution or as a powder
which is dissolved prior to use. It should be noted that the
inclusion of an oxidizing agent will impact the selection of the
thickening agent herein. Not all thickening agents are storage
stable in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
[0107] The oxidizing is preferably selected from water-soluble
oxidizing agents are inorganic peroxygen materials capable of
yielding hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution, such as hydrogen
peroxide, inorganic alkali metal peroxides such as sodium periodate
and sodium peroxide and organic peroxides such as urea peroxide,
melamine peroxide, and inorganic perhydrate salt bleaching
compounds, such as the alkali metal salts of perborates,
percarbonates, perphosphates, persilicates, persulphates and the
like. These inorganic perhydrate salts may be incorporated as
monohydrates, tetrahydrates etc. Alkyl and aryl peroxides, and or
peroxidases may also be used. Mixtures of two or more such
oxidizing agents can also be used if desired. Preferred for use in
the compositions according to the present invention are hydrogen
peroxide, percarbonate, persulphates and combinations thereof.
[0108] The oxidative agent may comprise from about 0.1% to about
40% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 30% by weight, and
most preferably from about 2% to about 30% by weight of an
oxidizing agent
[0109] Another potential oxidizing agent for use herein is a source
of peroxymonocarbonate ions. Preferably such a source is formed in
situ from a source of hydrogen peroxide and a hydrogen carbonate
ion source. Such an oxidizing agent has been found to be
particularly effective at a pH of up to and including 9.5,
preferably 7.5 to 9.5 more preferably about pH 9. Moreover, this
system is also particularly effective in combination with a source
of ammonia or ammonium ions.
[0110] Accordingly, any source of these peroxymonocarbonate ions
may be utilized. Suitable sources for use herein include sodium,
potassium, guanidine, arginine, lithium, calcium, magnesium,
barium, ammonium salts of carbonate, carbamate and hydrocarbonate
ions and mixtures thereof such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen
carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate,
guanidine carbonate, guanidine hydrogen carbonate, lithium
carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium
carbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate and
mixtures thereof. Percarbonate salts may also be utilized to
provide both the source of carbonate ions and as an oxidizing
agent. Preferred sources of carbonate ions, carbamate and
hydrocarbonate ions are sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium
hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbamate, and mixtures thereof.
[0111] The oxidative agent may comprise from about 0.1% to about
15% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight, and
most preferably from about 1% to about 8% by weight of a
hydrogencarbonate ion and from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight,
preferably from about 1% to about 7% by weight, and most preferably
from about 2% to about 5% by weight of the oxidative agent of a
source of hydrogen peroxide.
pH
[0112] The compositions of the present invention may have a pH of
from 8 to 12, preferably from 8 to 10. For embodiments comprising a
peroxymoncarbonate ion the pH is preferably up to and including pH
9.5, more preferably from about 9.5 to about 7.5, even more
preferably from about 9.5 to about 8.4 and most preferably from
about 9.4 to about 8.5 and even more preferably about pH 9.3 or
9.0.
[0113] If sub-components such as a tint composition or developer
composition are utilized, the pH of these sub-components may be
different from the personal care composition pH. For example, a
tint composition may comprise an alkaline agent which would have an
alkaline pH above that described for the personal care
composition.
[0114] The pH of the compositions can be determined by using either
a Mettler Toledo MP220 or a MP225 pH equipment, fitted with a
standard laboratory pH electrode. The equipment is calibrated
before each use using standard calibration buffers and using the
standard calibration procedure.
Chelants
[0115] The hair colorant compositions or sub-components thereof
(such as a tint composition or developer composition) comprise a
carboxylic acid chelant, a phosphonic acid chelant, a
polyphosphoric acid chelant, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.
Suitable chelants include diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
(DTPA), ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS),
ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutaric acid (EDDG),
2-hydroxypropylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (HPDDS),
glycinamide-N,N'-disuccinic acid (GADS),
ethylenediamine-N--N'-bis(ortho-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) (EDDHA),
diethylene-triamine-penta-(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP), salts
thereof, derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof.
[0116] The hair colorant composition or sub-component thereof, such
as the tint composition, comprise from about 0.01% to about 5%,
from about 0.25% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 1% by weight
of the hair colorant composition, or sub-component thereof of
chelant, salts thereof, derivatives thereof, or mixtures
thereof.
Radical Scavenger
[0117] The personal care composition, such as tint compositions for
the hair coloring mixture, may further comprise a source of radical
scavenger. As used herein the term radical scavenger refers to a
species that can react with a carbonate radical to convert the
carbonate radical by a series of fast reactions to a less reactive
species, i.e. a carbonate radical scavenger.
[0118] Suitable radical scavengers for use herein may be selected
from the classes of alkanolamines, amino sugars, amino acids,
esters of amino acids and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred
compounds are: monoethanolamine, 3-amino-1-propanol,
4-amino-1-butanol, 5-amino-1-pentanol, 1-amino-2-propanol,
1-amino-2-butanol, 1-amino-2-pentanol, 1-amino-3-pentanol,
1-amino-4-pentanol, 3-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol,
1-amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol, 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol, glucosamine,
N-acetylglucosamine, glycine, arginine, lysine, proline, glutamine,
histidine, sarcosine, serine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, and
mixtures thereof, and the salts such as the potassium, sodium and
ammonium salts thereof and mixtures thereof.
[0119] Especially preferred compounds are glycine, sarcosine,
lysine, serine, 2 methoxyethylamine, glucosamine, glutamic acid,
morpholine, piperidine, ethylamine, 3 amino-1-propanol and mixtures
thereof.
[0120] The compositions of the present invention preferably
comprise from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, preferably from
about 1% to about 7% by weight of the composition of a radical
scavenger.
[0121] Preferably, the radical scavenger is present at an amount
such that the weight ratio of radical scavenger to carbonate ion is
from 2:1 to 1:4. The radical scavenger is also preferably selected
such that it is not an identical species as the alkalizing agent.
According to one embodiment of the present invention the radical
scavenger may be formed in situ in the hair coloring mixtures prior
to application to the hair fibers.
Method of Use
Method of Use
[0122] Hair coloring products are usually sold in kits comprising,
in individually packaged sub-components in separate containers,
such as a tint composition comprising the oxidative dye precursors,
alkalizing agent and a thickening agent in a suitable carrier, and
a developer composition comprising an oxidizing agent. Generally,
the sub-components are provided such that the weight ratio of tint
formulation:developer formulation is in the range 5:1 to 1:5, such
as 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3 and 1.4 depending on strength of developer
composition and tint composition.
[0123] The consumer mixes the tint composition and the developer
composition together in the reservoir of the manually-actuable,
non-aerosol dispenser immediately before use and connects the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser to the reservoir.
[0124] The consumer may then shake in a vertically reciprocating
motion or in a rotating reciprocating shaking motion for 1 to 15
seconds to mix the tint composition and developer composition
without the formation of bubbles in the head space of the
reservoir. The consumer then actuates the manually-actuable,
non-aerosol dispenser to dispense foam (foamed personal care
composition) either into the consumer's gloved hand or directly
onto the hair. The foam will collapse to form a liquid hair
colorant composition having a low shear viscosity as defined
herein. Suitable hair colorant compositions are given in the tables
hereinafter.
[0125] Generally, a hair coloring method consistent with the
foregoing disclosure can include combining an tint composition and
a developer composition in a manually-actuable, non-aerosol
dispenser to form an hair colorant composition, dispensing the hair
colorant composition in the form of a foam, contacting the
dispensed foam with hair for a time period sufficient to color the
hair and, rinsing the hair contacted with the hair colorant
composition.
[0126] The dispenser preferably is equipped with a reservoir that
includes a reservoir volume, a mixing chamber, a dispensing head,
at least one mesh disposed intermediate a mixing chamber egress
orifice of the mixing chamber and a dispenser head orifice of the
dispensing head. Further, the dispenser includes a dip tube in
fluid communication with the mixing chamber and the reservoir
volume.
[0127] A more specific method or process of coloring hair using the
foamers of the present disclosure will now be described. A method
of coloring hair with at least 100 grams of hair coloring foam,
preferably about 110 g, and more preferably, 120 g, comprises the
following steps:
[0128] (1) Creating an hair colorant composition by combining a
tint composition and a developer composition in a
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser equipped with a reservoir
comprising a reservoir volume, a mixing chamber, a dispensing head,
at least one mesh disposed intermediate a mixing chamber egress
orifice of the mixing chamber and a dispenser head orifice of the
dispensing head, each of the at least one mesh having a screen
opening size in the range of about 70 micron to about 170 micron,
and a dip tube in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and
the reservoir volume, the reservoir being a squeezable container
that, upon application and maintenance of a force from opposing
directions, compresses and directs the hair colorant composition
within the reservoir into the dip tube.
[0129] (2) Mixing the tint composition and the developer
composition by shaking the manually-actuable, non-aerosol
dispenser. As used herein, shaking includes at least turning the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser a plurality of times back
and forth to mix the oxidative hair colorant composition components
with one another until they have formed a homogeneous mixture.
[0130] (3) Squeezing the exterior of the reservoir of the
manually-actuable, non-aerosol dispenser, thereby dispensing the
hair colorant composition from the reservoir in the form of a foam,
such that the foam is expelled through the dispensing head
orifice.
[0131] (4) Applying the dispensed foam to hair to be colored.
[0132] (5) Repeating steps (2) and (3) a plurality of times, the
plurality of times to be no more than 60 times, preferably no more
than 50 times, and more preferably, no more than 45 times.
[0133] (6) Permitting the hair to react with the dispensed foam for
a predetermined time, the predetermined time being commensurate
with the time it takes for the hair to reach the color which the
hair colorant composition is formulated to achieve, and the
predetermined period of time preferably not exceeding 10
minutes.
[0134] (7) Rinsing the hair to which the hair colorant composition
was applied with water to remove any remaining hair colorant
composition.
[0135] The method may include an optional additional step (8) of
treating the hair and scalp with a post-colorant care composition.
When present, the optional conditioning agent can be provided in a
third container. In one embodiment, the content of the third
container can be applied (after an optional rinse step) as a
post-treatment immediately after the oxidative tint composition
resulting from the mixture of the other containers.
[0136] According to the present invention the methods of coloring
hair also comprise embodiments whereby the hair colorant
composition of the present invention is applied to the hair and
preferably the mixture is worked for a few minutes (to ensure
uniform application to all of the hair). The hair colorant
composition is then allowed to remain on the hair in order for the
color to develop for a time period of less than about 20 minutes,
preferably less than about 15 minutes, more preferably from about 5
minutes to about 10 minutes, most preferably for about 10 minutes.
The consumer then rinses his/her hair thoroughly with tap water and
allows it to dry and or styles the hair as usual.
[0137] According to a further alternative embodiment of the present
invention, the method of coloring the hair is a sequential hair
coloring method comprising the steps of at least two sequential
hair color treatments wherein the time period between each
treatment is from 1 to 60 days, preferably from 1 to 40 days, more
preferably from 1 to 28 days, even more preferably from 1 to 14
days and most preferably from 1 to 7 days. In such embodiments the
time that the composition is retained on head may be less than
about 20 minutes and is preferably less than about 10 minutes and
most preferably from about 2 minutes to about 5 minutes.
Test Methods
Viscosity
Sample Preparation
[0138] The tint composition and developer composition are combined
to make an oxidative hair colorant composition. The sample
preparation of the oxidative hair colorant composition should be as
follows: [0139] 1. combine, in a 1:1 weight ratio, the tint
composition and the developer composition in a closable container
from which it can be dispensed. The container should be closed or
capped. [0140] 2. the closable container is then placed into a
Mechanical Mixer (described below) and is shaken for 15 seconds.
[0141] 3. The contents of the closed container poured into a 100
tall container available from FlackTek Inc. is then placed onto a
DAC 800 FVZ SpeedMixer from FlackTek Inc. set to 1950 rpm for 10
seconds to draw any bubbles in the out of the sample. [0142] 4. A
watch glass is used to contain the bubbles or foam on the top of
the sample, while the liquid is decanted into a container suitable
for measuring viscosity. [0143] 5. The sample is then measured for
viscosity.
Mechanical Mixer
[0144] The Mechanical Mixer (31) is a device to replicate a shaking
motion of a consumer. By shaking motion, it is a motion using the
elbow as a pivot (fulcrum) point, with the wrist in a straight
position and the arm is moved about the pivot point in an up and
down motion.
[0145] The Mechanical Mixer (31) in FIG. 5 is an enclosed device
having a top wall (33), a bottom wall (35), two vertical side walls
(37a, 37b), a middle panel (39), a back panel (41) and a hinged
door (43) which hingeably opens and shuts to allow access to the
enclosed device. A metal bar (45), described further below, and a
door safety switch (47) are located on one side of the middle panel
(39) between the middle panel (39) and the hinged door (43). A air
controlled solenoid motor (49), electrical air dump mechanism (51),
air regulator (53), power supply (55) and safety relay (57) are
located on a second side of the middle panel (43) between the
middle panel (43) and the back panel (41).
[0146] The Mechanical Mixer (31) from a view shown in FIG. 6 (which
does not shown the hinged door (43), top wall (33), bottom wall
(35) or two vertical side walls (37a, 37b)) comprises a 45.16 cm
length metal bar (45) having a pivot point (59) on one end of the
bar (45) and a clamping means (61) on a second end of the bar (45)
that is capable of holding a container of the oxidative hair
colorant composition while the Mechanical Mixer (31) is in
operation. The metal bar (45) should travel in an upwards and
downwards direction through a 44.degree. angle (34.5 cm arc) shown
as .theta.. The pivot point (59) is moved through the desired angle
via an air controlled solenoid motor (49) capable of 45 cycles (up
and down motion) in 15 seconds.
[0147] In FIG. 7 (which does not shown the back panel (41), top
wall (33), bottom wall (35) or two vertical side walls (37a, 37b)),
the air controlled solenoid motor (49) can be see and is connected
to an electrical air dump mechanism (51). The air dump mechanism
(51) is connected to an air regulator (53), which generates the air
pressure to drive the air controlled solenoid motor (49). The air
regulator (53) is connected to a power supply (55) and preferably a
safety relay (57) as there is a pressurized air system for the
Mechanical Mixer (31). The safety relay (57) is connected to a door
safety switch (47), comprising two halves (47a, 47b), the first
half (47a) is located partially on the hinged door (43) and the
second half (47b) is inside the space enclosed by the top wall
(33), bottom wall (35), two vertical walls (37a, 37b), the middle
panel (39) and the hinged door (43), the two halves (47a, 47b)
being located adjacent to each other in order to complete a circuit
with the safety relay (57). When the two halves (47a, 47b) of the
door safety switch (47) are separated as the hinged door (43) is
opened, the circuit with the safety relay (57) is not completed and
the Mechanical Mixer is stopped.
[0148] It is preferable to have a programmable relay (63), start
button (65), stop button (67) located outside of the enclosed
device. The programmable relay (63) may be connected to power
supply (55) via a terminal strip (69), bus or other similar device.
The programmable relay (63) allows for setting of time of
operation, modification of angle of movement, speed of movement and
the like. The start button (65) and stop button (67) are likewise
located outside of the enclosed device, preferably located adjacent
to the hinged door (43). If the programmable relay (63) is
utilized, the desired settings can be imputed for each sample and
the start button (65) and stop button (67) can control the
operation of the Mechanical Mixer (31).
Mixed Viscosity
[0149] Mixed viscosity is measured by Brookfield viscometers at 12
rpm using spindle#2 at 25.degree. C. The measurement is run three
times and the average is calculated.
Low-Shear Viscosity
[0150] The low-shear viscosity is measured via a TA Instruments
AR2000 Rheometer having the following geometry: [0151] 40 mm
2.degree. stainless steel cone [0152] 40 mm stainless steel plate
[0153] Standard Size DIN or Conical Concentric Cylinders
[0154] Using the data analysis program of the TA Instruments AR2000
Rheometer, collected data is then graphed and a point at the
beginning of the run is recorded as the low-shear viscosity. Data
should be run at least twice to ensure correlation of the recorded
data.
Foam Specific Volume
[0155] Foam specific volume is measure by placing a container of a
known volume or marked with known volumes onto a mass balance,
tarring the mass of the container and then dispensing from a
foaming dispenser into the container. Record the resulting volume
and the resulting mass of the foam. Dividing the volume by the mass
of the foam results in the foam specific volume having the units of
mL/g.
Formulations
Developer Formulations
TABLE-US-00001 [0156] TABLE 1 Developer Composition 1 A Wt % (by
weight Wt % (by weight Ingredient Developer) Developer) Hydrogen
peroxide 10-15 12.3 (50% active) Phosphoric acid 0.005 0.005 Water
To 100 To 100
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Developer Composition 2 B Wt % (by weight of
Wt % (by weight of Ingredient developer) developer) Etidronic acid
0.02 0.02 Hydrogen peroxide 1-20 18.3 (50% active) Water To 100 To
100
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 light light shades shades Natural Dark Black
Black red/auburn red/auburn (blond (blond light natural shades
shades shades shades shades) shades) brown brown INCI Wt % C Wt %
Wt % D Wt % Wt % E Wt % F Wt % G Wt % Ingredient (by weight (by
weight (by weight (by weight (by weight (by weight (by weight (by
weight Name of tint) of tint) of tint) of tint) of tint) of tint)
of tint) of tint) Ethoxydiglycol 10-20 14.0 10-20 14.0 10-20 14.0
-- -- Propylene 1-5 4.0 1-5 4.0 1-5 4.0 -- -- Glycol Isopropyl 1-10
5.0 1-10 5.0 1-10 5.0 5.0 5.0 Alcohol Soytrimonium 1-10 7.3 1-10
7.3 1-10 7.3 -- -- Chloride Oleth-5 1-10 3.0 1-10 3.0 1-10 3.0 --
-- Oleic Acid 1-10 3.25 1-10 3.75 1-10 3.75 4.0 4.5 Oleth-2 0.5-5
1.5 0.5-5 1.5 0.1-5 1.5 -- -- Ammonium 1-10 4.1 5-15 7.8 1-15 8.5
7.0 7.6 hydroxide Fragrance or 0.5-5 1.2 0.5-5 1.2 0.1-5 1.2 1.2
1.2 Parfum Cocamidopropyl 5-15 6.8 1-15 6.8 1-10 6.8 3.3 3.3
Betaine Trisodium 1-15 6.7 1-10 6.7 1-10 6.7 6.7 6.7
Ethylenediamine Disuccinate C11-15 Pareth-9 0.5-5 1.25 0.5-5 1.25
0.1-5 1.25 0.25 0.25 C12-15 0.05-3 0.5 0.1-2 0.5 0.05-1 0.5 -- --
PARETH -3 Citric Acid 0.05-3 0.4 0.1-2 0.4000 0.05-1 0.4 0.4 0.2
Erythorbic Acid 0.05-3 0.4 0.1-2 0.4000 0.05-1 0.4 0.4 0.4 Sodium
Sulfite 0.05-3 0.1 0.05-1 0.1000 0.01-1 0.1 0.1 0.1 EDTA 0.01-1
0.05 0.01-1 0.0500 0.01-1 0.05 0.05 0.05 P-Phenylenediamine 0.5-5
1.98 0.05-1 0.15 0.01-1 0.08 0.45 -- Resorcinol 0.05-3 0.9 0.05-1
0.2 0.01-1 0.04 0.4 0.95 Phenyl methyl 0.05-3 0.1 0.05-1 0.1000
0.01-1 0.07 -- 0.05 pyrazolone M-Aminophenol 0.5-5 1.3 -- --
0.005-0.1 0.013 0.014 0.033 P-Aminophenol -- -- 0.1-2 0.66
0.005-0.1 0.015 -- 0.002 1-Naphthol -- -- 0.01-1 0.0640 0.005-0.1
0.0260 0.0075 0.085 N,N-Bis(2- 0.5-5 1.2 0.005-0.1 0.015 -- -- 0.04
0.05 Hydroxyethyl)-P- Phenylenediamine Sulfate 4-Amino-2- -- --
0.1-2 0.47 -- -- 0.006 -- hydroxytoluene 2-Methylresorcinol -- --
-- -- 0.05-1 0.1970 -- -- 1-phenyl-3-methyl- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1
-- 5-pyrazole Toluene-2,5- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.9 diamine
4-amino-2- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.05 hydroxytoluene Water To To To
To To To To To 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Tint/ Mixed Developer Viscosity Foam Low
Ratio Brook Specific Average Amount shear Batch Developer (by
weight field Foamer Volume Dispensed Dispensed viscosity
Description Choice ratio) (cps) Choice (mL/g) (g/stroke)
(mL/stroke) (cps) Tint 1 Developer 1 62:62 838 Squeeze 9.2 1.3 12.0
100,000 (formulation C) (Formulation A) foamer* Tint 2 Developer 2
62:62 688 Squeeze 9.6 1.3 12.5 130,000 (formulation D) (Formulation
B) foamer Tint 3 Developer 2 62:62 513 Squeeze 9.0 1.4 12.7 70,000
(formulation E) (Formulation B) foamer* *The squeeze foamer is
selected to have a structure similar to that shown in FIG. 1 with
the following dimensions selected: 1. air ingress orifice size: 0 7
mm diameter 2. liquid ingress orifice size: 1 mm diameter 3. liquid
ingress orifice number of orifices: 3 4. mesh system in fluid
connection after mixing chamber egress: 2 contiguous meshes with
170 .mu.m openings. 5. mesh in fluid connection before dispensing
orifice: 70 .mu.m opening 6. mixing chamber egress orifice size: 1
mm diameter 7. dip-tube diameter: 3 mm
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Rheology Profile Low High Shear Shear 0.01
500 1/s 1/s Shade (cps) (cps) Slope Comparative Blaune Original
1-medium 17 14 -0.006 blonde Blaune Original 3NA-light 17 12 -0.010
brown Blaune Originall 4-medium 18 11 -0.014 brown Tint Developer
Composition Composition Formulation F Formulation B dark natural
40000 60 -79.882 brown Formulation G Formulation B natural light
29000 70 -57.861 brown
[0157] Table 5 shows a commercially available hair colorant that is
delivered as a foam in 3 different shades. The product is sold by
Kao Corporation under the Awa Blaune product name in Japan.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Hair Colorant Compositions Ingredient 1 2 3
4 5 6 Ammonium Carbonate 12.0 -- -- 10.0 6.0 -- Ammonium Hydrogen
-- 7.0 6.0 -- -- 8.0 Carbonate Ammonium Carbamate -- 7.0 4.0 -- --
8.0 Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate -- -- -- -- -- -- Sodium Glycinate
4.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 Crodafos .RTM. CES (Cetearyl 8.0 10.0 6.0
6.0 4.0 10.0 alcohol, dicetyl phosphate & ceteth-10 phosphate)
Sodium Palmytoyl Sarcosinate -- -- -- -- -- -- Sodium Carboxymethyl
Lauryl -- -- -- -- -- -- Glucoside Sodium Alkyl Glyceryl -- -- --
-- -- -- Sulphonate Behentrimonium Chloride -- -- -- -- -- --
Steareth-100 1.2 -- -- 0.6 -- -- Steareth-200 -- 1.25 -- -- 1.0 2
Ceteareth-25 -- -- 0.6 -- -- -- Cetyl Alcohol 2.0 -- -- 1.0 -- 2.0
Stearyl Alcohol 0.8 -- -- 1.0 -- 4.0 Cetearyl alcohol -- 3.75 1.4
-- -- -- p-phenylene diamine -- -- 1.2 0.2 1.6 -- p-amino phenol --
-- -- 0.8 -- 0.6 2,5-diaminotoluene sulphate -- -- 0.4 -- -- 0.2
m-aminophenol -- -- 0.2 -- 0.4 -- Resorcinol -- -- -- 0.8 -- 1.0
napthol -- -- 0.4 -- 0.06 -- 4-amino-2-hydroxy toluene -- -- -- 0.6
-- 0.4 Basic red 51 -- -- 0.4 -- -- -- Basic yellow 87 -- -- 0.6 --
-- -- Amidomethicone(DCAP 6087) -- -- -- -- -- 0.5
Polyquaternium-22 -- -- -- 0.2 (Merquat 295) Polyquaternium-37
& 0.25 0.5 -- 0.4 -- -- Mineral oil (Salcare SC95) Xanthan gum
0.4 -- -- -- -- -- Acrylates Steareth-20 -- -- 1.5 -- -- --
Methacrylate Copolymer (Aculyn .RTM. 22) EDTA (tetrasodium salt)
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Sodium sulphite 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ascorbic Acid 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Propylene Glycol 3.0 3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 pH adjust to pH 9.0 qs qs qs qs qs qs Water qs qs qs qs
qs qs
[0158] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be
understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values
recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension
is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm"
[0159] Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced
or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise
limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it
is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed
herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other
reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such
invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of
a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of
the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning
or definition assigned to that term in this document shall
govern.
[0160] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *