U.S. patent application number 13/111809 was filed with the patent office on 2011-11-24 for folding tower.
This patent application is currently assigned to Catadon Systems, Inc.. Invention is credited to Donald C. Miller.
Application Number | 20110283640 13/111809 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44121340 |
Filed Date | 2011-11-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110283640 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Miller; Donald C. |
November 24, 2011 |
FOLDING TOWER
Abstract
A multi-section folding tower for supporting wind turbines,
windmills, power generation, communication, lighting, and
measurement machines comprises an upper tower section and a lower
tower section pivotally connected at an upper hinge, a lever, and a
lower hinge attaching the lower tower section to an anchor
foundation not requiring concrete wherein equipment mounted to the
top of the tower is accessible by lowering a portion of the tower.
The two tower sections and lever are assembled on the ground by
connecting the upper and lower sections with a hinge, and the lower
tower section is hinged to the tower foundation. The hinged tower
sections are raised by first pulling the lower tower section to a
vertical position, and a removable installation wheel attached to
the tower top enables the lower section to be raised to a vertical
position. The upper section is raised to a vertical position by
pulling the lever.
Inventors: |
Miller; Donald C.;
(Encinitas, CA) |
Assignee: |
Catadon Systems, Inc.
Encinitas
CA
|
Family ID: |
44121340 |
Appl. No.: |
13/111809 |
Filed: |
May 19, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61396083 |
May 21, 2010 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/292 ; 52/646;
52/651.01 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04H 12/10 20130101;
F03D 13/20 20160501; F05B 2240/9121 20130101; F03D 13/22 20160501;
E04H 12/187 20130101; F05B 2240/91521 20130101; E04H 2012/006
20130101; E02D 27/42 20130101; Y02E 10/72 20130101; F05B 2240/9152
20130101; F03D 13/10 20160501; Y02E 10/728 20130101; E02D 27/425
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/292 ;
52/651.01; 52/646 |
International
Class: |
E04H 12/18 20060101
E04H012/18; E02D 27/42 20060101 E02D027/42; E04H 12/00 20060101
E04H012/00 |
Claims
1. A foundation system for a folding tower having at least three
legs, comprising: a plurality of anchors, the anchors comprising
elongated members configured to penetrate into an underlying
surface to secure the foundation system relative to the underlying
surface; a centroid absorber; a plurality of force distribution
members extending from the centroid absorber and configured to
distribute forces applied to the tower, at least one force
distribution member for each tower leg, the force distribution
members distributing a first portion of said forces to the anchors,
and a second portion of said forces to the centroid absorber,
wherein a sum of the first and second portions equals a total force
transferred by the tower to the anchors and the absorber; and a
first hinge configured to be attached to at least one of the legs
of the tower; a first leg mount attached to one of the force
distribution members and disposed between the first hinge and said
force distribution member.
2. The foundation system of claim 1, further comprising a second
hinge configured to be attached to at least one of the legs of the
tower.
3. The foundation system of claim 2, further comprising a second
leg mount attached to one of the force distribution members and
disposed between the second hinge and said force distribution
member.
4. The foundation system of claim 2, wherein the first hinge
comprises a first axis of rotation, wherein the second hinge
comprises a second axis of rotation, and wherein the first axis of
rotation and the second axis of rotation are coaxial.
5. The foundation system of claim 1, wherein the number of anchors
is equal to or greater than the number of tower legs.
6. The foundation system of claim 1 wherein the centroid absorber
is configured to offset tensile and compressive forces transferred
by the folding tower to the plurality of force distribution
members.
7. The foundation system of claim 6 wherein the centroid absorber
dampens forces applied by the folding tower to the plurality of
force distribution members.
8. The foundation system of claim 1 wherein the force distribution
members dampen forces applied by the folding tower to the plurality
of force distribution members.
9. A folding tower comprising: a hinged base portion; an anchor,
wherein the hinged base portion is configured to rotate relative to
the anchor; and a damping system, wherein the damping system
couples the base portion to the anchor, the damping system
comprising a lever bar having a first end and an opposite second
end, wherein the base portion and anchor are coupled to the lever
bar near the first end, a first energy storing element, wherein the
first energy storing element is coupled to the lever bar near the
second end, and a second energy storing element, wherein the second
energy storing element is coupled to the lever bar near the second
end, and wherein the second energy storing element extends from the
lever bar in a direction that is generally opposite to a direction
that the first energy storing element extends from the lever
bar.
10. The folding tower of claim 9, wherein the anchor and the second
energy storing element engage a common ground surface.
11. The folding tower of claim 9, wherein the base portion is
hingedly coupled to the damping system.
12. The folding tower of claim 10, further comprising a bracing
member, wherein the bracing member is generally aligned with the
lever bar, and wherein the bracing member is coupled to the base
portion and to the first energy storing element.
13. The folding tower of claim 9, wherein the first and second
energy storing elements comprise springs.
14. A foundation system for a folding tower, the foundation system
comprising: a plurality of damping systems, wherein at least one
damping system comprises a hinged leg mount; a base rigidly
attached to an underlying surface; and a force distribution system
attached to the base and configured to reduce loads applied to the
base, wherein each of said plurality of damping systems is coupled
to the force distribution system and to the base.
15. The foundation system of claim 14, wherein each of said
plurality of damping systems comprises a leg mount configured to
support a leg of a folding tower.
16. The foundation system of claim 15, wherein each leg mount is
disposed on at least one force absorbing member.
17. The foundation system of claim 16, wherein each damping system
comprises a plurality of force absorbing members.
18. The foundation system of claim 14, wherein at least one of the
plurality of damping systems comprises a leg mount that is not
hinged.
19. The foundation system of claim 14, wherein two of the plurality
of damping systems comprise hinged leg mounts, wherein each of the
two hinged leg mounts include hinges, and wherein each of the two
hinges is coaxially aligned with the other hinge.
20. A folding tower comprising: a first portion; a second portion,
wherein the first portion is configured to rotate relative to the
second portion between at least a first position and a second
position; a pivot, the pivot located between the first portion and
the second portion, the pivot defining an axis of rotation for the
first portion relative to the second portion, a lever, the lever
including an elongated structure that is substantially collinear
with the first portion; a boom, the boom including an elongated
structure that is substantially perpendicular to the first portion;
and at least one connector, the connector including a first end and
a second end, the first end attached to the first portion, and the
second end attached to the boom.
21. The folding tower of claim 20, further comprising a second
connector, the second connector including a first end a second end,
the first end attached to the lever, and the second end attached to
the boom.
22. The folding tower of claim 21, wherein the first and second
connectors are flexible tension members.
23-83. (canceled)
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/396,083 filed on May 21, 2010, titled "FOLDING
TOWER," which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its
entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Field
[0003] The invention relates to tower support structures and
methods for erecting them.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Wind power is typically harvested by positioning and holding
a wind turbine into the wind at some elevation from the ground, in
various types of terrain. To accomplish this, a tower structure
standing vertically is used to mount a power producing rotor and
nacelle. A wind turbine is typically installed in an area with an
uncluttered horizontal view at the hub level, to allow the wind to
flow into the blades of the wind turbine with the least air
turbulence generated by the surrounding.
[0006] Tower structures for wind turbines are constructed to
accommodate and withstand the weight of the wind turbine assembly,
the wind forces acting on the wind turbine blades and on the tower,
the precession forces created by change of direction of the
spinning wind turbine blades, the vibrations caused by aerodynamic
forces on the blades, and by the wind turbine turning mechanisms.
In addition, tower structures for horizontal axis wind turbines are
constructed to adapt to methods available for erecting the
assemblies. Key tower installation considerations include factors
such as safety, damage avoidance to the wind turbine, and limiting
installation cost such as that of using a crane and concrete.
[0007] Various types of towers have been used in the past to
support small wind turbines generating electrical power. Supporting
towers for horizontal axis wind turbines may be grouped under three
common types, guyed towers, tilt-up towers, and self supporting
towers. Tower structures are typically constructed with lattice,
truss or tubular assemblies. The tower is typically assembled on
the ground prior to starting the erection process.
[0008] Guyed towers are typically used for small wind turbines. The
guyed tower may be installed with a crane that lifts the assembled
tower to a standing position prior to tensing and securing the guy
wires. Guyed towers can also be erected one section at a time
without the use of a crane, A temporary boom extending beyond the
top of the tower is used to lift the next tower sections and
finally, the small wind turbine or other top mounted equipment.
Guyed towers require wide space access around the base of the tower
for anchoring the guy wires.
[0009] Tilt-up towers are towers hinged at the ground level and can
be lowered to perform maintenance on the equipment installed on top
of the tower. Typically, the wind turbine and tower are assembled
while the tower lies on the ground at the installation site. The
tower is raised using a winch or a heavy vehicle located some
distance away from the base of the tower to pull on cables attached
to the top of the tower, with a pivoting gin pole transferring the
initial horizontal force into a vertical lifting component. Guy
cables are often required during the erection process to limit
lateral movements of the tower structure.
[0010] Self-supporting towers are free-standing structures often
pre-assembled on the ground and lifted to the upright position
using a crane. The wind turbine may be installed and lifted with
the tower, or may be lifted separately and then positioned on top
of the tower, Once erected, the tower is typically not lowered
again. A built-in ladder provides access to the equipment on top of
the tower. Free-standing towers are typically heavier and more
expensive.
[0011] Though some of the proposed concepts in the above referenced
patents and prior art address the need to facilitate construction
and erection of the tower and the installation of the wind turbine
on top of a tower structure at the installation site, other factors
such as tower structure complexity, reliability and need for a
large crane need careful review. Raising and lowering of a tower in
a harsh environment in typically remotely accessible areas
involving snow, ice or dirt build-up on telescoping, sliding and
rail type structural elements are technically challenging. Using
special external structures or large lifting devices or vehicles
add burden and cost to installation operations. In general, tower
structures and their erection method for wind turbine applications
have evolved by adding complexity to the construction of the tower
and lifting system.
[0012] Though non-telescopic tilt-up towers facilitate the access
to the equipment located at the upper end of the tower structure
and do not need a crane for their erection to a standing position,
common tilt-up towers involve the pivoting of a lengthy structure
with equipment load at its upper end which implies a single lifting
maneuver which puts at risk the entire wind turbine and tower
assemblies. The use of tilt-up towers is therefore generally
limited to small wind turbines.
[0013] There have been many attempts to lower the cost of wind
turbine towers, but to date none have been commercially successful
because it is very difficult to reduce the cost of tilt up guyed
single pole or lattice towers, which use a gin pole for tower
raising and anchors to secure the guy wires. These towers do not
require concrete for the foundation, and typically use a steel
plate for the tower base. However, as the size of the turbine grows
and the tower height increases, loads increase to a point where
raising the tower with a gin pole becomes impractical, and a crane
is used to install the tower, and concrete is used for the
foundation.
[0014] Generally, the best way to reduce the cost of energy, or COE
of a wind turbine for towers under 150 feet is to raise the height
of the tower. Oversimplified, COE is the ratio of turbine cost to
how much energy it produces annually. Higher towers benefit from
increased wind speeds, and importantly, smoother wind, which not
only allows the turbine to operate more efficiently but also
increases its life. Power in the wind increases with the cube of
the wind speed increase, and thus increasing tower height from 50
feet to 100 feet will typically result in a power increase of over
50%, but only an approximate 11% increase in the installed cost of
the wind turbine. Almost all of this 11% increase is due to a more
expensive tower, tower foundation, and tower erection. A key factor
in helping wind turbines to become more economically viable in the
future will be to raise tower height.
[0015] Another trend in the wind turbine industry is a move to
larger wind turbines. Larger wind turbines, for both small wind
turbines (1 kW-100 kW) and utility class wind turbines (1 MW+)
reduces COE. Typically, embodiments disclosed herein will maximize
a reduction in COE for small wind turbines from about 5 kW to 100
kW. Below about 5 kW, tower foundations can be designed without
concrete, and the towers can be tilted up using a gin pole. Above
about 100 kW, the tower top thrust loads produced by large rotors,
and their great mass, require the use of concrete for the
foundation and a crane during tower installation.
SUMMARY
[0016] The systems and methods illustrated and described herein
have several features, no single one of which is solely responsible
for its desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope as
expressed by the description that follows, its more prominent
features will now be discussed briefly. After considering this
discussion, and particularly after reading the section entitled
"Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments" one will
understand how the features of the system and methods provide
several advantages over traditional systems and methods.
[0017] Embodiments disclosed herein incorporate a novel tower
design, novel foundation, and installation method. An objective of
the embodiments disclosed herein is to lower the installed cost of
the tower as well as the cost to access equipment secured to the
top of the tower to perform maintenance and repairs, and to be able
to lower the equipment to the ground during extreme storms, such as
hurricanes and tornados. These embodiments lower the cost of the
tower at least three ways: 1. eliminating the need for a crane, 2.
eliminating the need for concrete, and 3. reducing the time it
takes to raise the tower. In one embodiment a tower is designed to
be a tower for wind turbines, which benefit from high towers and
require periodic access to the turbine for maintenance.
[0018] In one aspect, a folding tower, includes two tower sections,
an upper section and a lower section, the upper section being
shorter than the lower section. The two tower sections are
connected by an upper hinge, which allows the upper section to
pivot approximately 180 degrees. A lower hinge connects the lower
section to the foundation, which uses anchors in place of concrete
to secure the tower to the earth. In some embodiments the anchors
are helical anchors, and are screwed into the ground. In some
embodiments the folding tower is guyed, and anchors also secure the
guy wires. In other embodiments the folding tower does not require
guy wires and is self supporting.
[0019] The folding tower further incorporates a lever, which in
some embodiments is offset from the upper hinge, for raising and
lowering the upper section. Offsetting the lever from the hinge
increases its mechanical advantage. The folding tower further
incorporates a component for securing the upper section to the
lower section, which in some embodiments is a latch.
[0020] In another aspect, a foundation system for a folding tower
having at least three legs includes a plurality of anchors, a
centroid absorber, a plurality of force distribution members, a
first hinge, and a first leg mount. The anchors include elongated
members configured to penetrate into an underlying surface to
secure the tower relative to the underlying surface, the plurality
of force distribution members extend from the centroid absorber and
are configured to distribute forces applied to the tower. The
system includes at least one force distribution member for each
tower leg and the force distribution members distribute a first
portion of said forces to the anchors and a second portion of said
forces to the centroid absorber, wherein a sum of the forces to the
anchors plus a sum of the first and second portions equals a total
force transferred by the tower to the anchors and the absorber. The
first hinge is configured to be attached to at least one of the
legs of the tower and the first leg mount is attached to one of the
force distribution members and disposed between the first hinge and
said force distribution member.
[0021] In one aspect, a folding tower includes a hinged base
portion, an anchor, and a damping system. The hinged based portion
is configured to rotate relative to the anchor and the damping
system couples the base portion to the anchor. The damping system
includes a lever bar, a first energy storing element, and a second
energy storing element. The lever bar has a first end and an
opposite second end and the base portion and the anchor are coupled
to the lever bar near the first end. The first energy storing
element is coupled to the lever bar near the second end. The second
energy storing element is coupled to the lever bar near the second
end and extends from the lever bar in a direction that is generally
opposite to a direction that the first energy storing element
extends from the lever bar.
[0022] In another aspect, a foundation system for a folding tower
includes a plurality of damping systems with at least one of the
systems comprising a hinged leg mount, a concrete base, and a force
distribution system. Each of the damping systems is coupled to the
force distribution system and to the concrete base.
[0023] In one aspect, a folding tower includes a first portion, a
second portion, a pivot, a lever, a boom, and at least one
connector. The first portion is configured to rotate relative to
the second portion between at least a first position and a second
position. The pivot is located between the first portion and the
second portion and defines an axis of rotation for the first
portion relative to the second portion. The lever includes an
elongated structure that is substantially collinear with the first
portion. The boom includes an elongated structure that is
substantially perpendicular to the first portion. The connector
includes a first end and a second end, the first end attached to
the first portion and the second end attached to the boom.
[0024] In another aspect, a folding tower includes a first portion,
a second portion, a pivot, a lever, and a pulley lever. The first
portion is configured to rotate relative to the second portion
between at least a first position and a second position and the
second portion is attached at a first end to an immovable surface.
The pivot is located between the first portion and the second
portion and defines an axis of rotation for the first portion
relative to the second portion. The lever includes an elongated
structure that is substantially collinear with the first portion.
The pulley lever is attached at a first end to a first end of the
lever and the pulley lever can rotate relative to the lever.
[0025] In one aspect, a folding tower includes a first pivot, a
lower section, a second pivot, and an upper section. The first
pivot comprises a first pin defining an axis of rotation of the
first pivot. The first pivot also includes a first lower connection
and a first upper connection. The first lower and upper connections
are rotatable about the axis of rotation and the first pivot is
located at least halfway up the folding tower when it is erected.
The lower section includes an elongated structure with a first
lower end and a second lower end, the first lower end is connected
to the first lower connection of the first pivot. The second pivot
is connected to the second lower end of the lower section and
defines an axis of rotation for the lower section. The second pivot
is operably attached to an immovable surface. The upper section
includes an elongated structure with a first upper end and a second
upper end. The first upper end is connected to the first upper
connection of the first pivot and the second upper end defines the
top of the folding tower when it is erected. The lower section is
enabled to rotate about the axis of rotation of the first pivot and
the second pivot. The axis of the second pivot is immovable, the
axis of the first pivot is movable, and the during erection of the
tower the upper and lower sections are initially in substantially
horizontal positions and the first pivot forms an angle relative to
the upper and lower sections that is between 129 and 179
degrees.
[0026] In another aspect, a method for installing a hinged tower
includes providing a tower with a lower section and an upper
section rotatably coupled to the lower section, rotating the upper
section relative to the lower section such that the upper section
extends away from the lower section and such that the upper section
and lower sections are substantially collinear, and forming a latch
connection between the upper and lower sections by applying tension
to a cable to engage a latch mechanism.
[0027] In one aspect, a folding tower includes a first pivot, a
lower section, a second pivot, an upper section, a first link, a
second link, a third link, a fourth link, a first hinge connecting
the first link to the second link, a second hinge connecting the
second link to the third link, a third hinge connecting the third
link to the fourth link, a fourth hinge connecting the fourth link
to the first link, a screw, and a nut. The first pivot includes a
first pin defining an axis of rotation for the first pivot and also
includes a first lower connection and a first upper connection. The
first lower and upper connections are rotatable about the axis of
rotation and the first pivot is located at least halfway up the
folded tower when it is erected. The lower section includes an
elongated structure with a first lower end and a second lower end.
The first lower end is connected to the first lower connection of
the first pivot. The second pivot is connected to the second lower
end of the lower section and defines an axis of rotation for the
lower section and is operably attached to an immovable surface. The
upper section includes an elongated structure with a first upper
end and a second upper end. The first upper end is connected to the
first upper connection of the first pivot and the second upper end
defines the top of the folding tower when it is erected. The first
link is fixedly attached to the upper section and the fourth link
is fixedly attached to the lower section. The screw is operably
attached to the fourth hinge and the nut is operably attached to
the second hinge and threaded over the screw. In this aspect, if
the screw is fixed the nut can rotate and if the nut is fixed the
screw can rotate. The lower section is enabled to rotate about the
axis of rotation of the second pivot and the axis of the first
pivot can rotate about the axis of rotation of the second pivot and
the axis of the second pivot is fixed.
[0028] In another aspect, a method of installing a hinged tower
includes providing a tower with a lower section that is hinged to
an upper section, securing the lower section to a surface, rotating
the upper section about the hinge relative to the lower section
until the upper section extends away from the lower section and the
upper and lower sections are substantially coaxial, and applying
tension to a cable member coupled to a latch mechanism, wherein
applying tension to the cable member forms a latch connection
between the upper section and the lower section.
[0029] In one aspect, a folding tower includes a first pivot, a
lower section, a second pivot, an upper section, a first link, a
second link, a third link, a fourth link, a first hinge connecting
the first link to the second link, a second hinge connecting the
second link to the third link, a third hinge connecting the third
link to the fourth link, a fourth hinge connecting the fourth link
to the first link, a screw operably attached to the fourth hinge,
and a nut operably attached to the second hinge and threaded over
the screw. The first pivot includes a first pin defining an axis of
rotation for the first pivot. The first pivot also includes a first
lower connection and a first upper connection. The first lower and
upper connections are rotatable about the axis of rotation and
first pivot is located at least halfway up the folded tower when it
is erected. The lower section includes an elongated structure with
a first lower end and a second lower end. The first lower end is
connected to the first lower connection of the first pivot. The
second pivot is connected to the second lower end of the lower
section and defines an axis of rotation for the lower section. The
second pivot is operably attached to an immovable surface. The
upper section includes an elongated structure with a first upper
end and a second upper end. The first upper end is connected to the
first upper connection of the first pivot and the second upper end
defines the top of the folding tower when it is erected. The first
link is fixedly attached to the upper section and the fourth link
is fixedly attached to the lower section. In this aspect, if the
one of the screw or nut is fixed relative to the other, the other
can rotate relative to the one of the screw or nut. The lower
section is rotatable about the axis of rotation of the second pivot
and the axis of the first pivot can rotate about the axis of
rotation of the second pivot, and the axis of the second pivot is
fixed.
[0030] In another aspect, a tower includes an elongated structure
including one or more substantially vertical members each having a
first end and a second end. The first end of the members defines a
base of the tower and the second end of the members is disposed
substantially opposite from the first end. The tower also includes
a force distribution system having a lever, a force distribution
pivot operable attached to the lever, and a rigid structure fixed
to a surface. The lever has a first end and a second end. The first
end is operably attached to the first end of a member and the
second end is operably attached to a force distribution component.
The force distribution pivot is attached to the rigid structure and
the elongated structure is configured to move relative to the rigid
structure.
[0031] In one aspect, a tower includes an elongated structure
including at least one substantially vertical member having a first
end and a second end. The first end of the member comprises a base
of the tower and the second end of the member is located
substantially vertically about the first end. The tower also
includes a force distribution system having at least one lever
operably attached to the first end of a member, a force
distribution component configured to absorb movement of the lever
and operably attached to the lever, a force distribution pivot
configured to allow rotation of the lever about the axis of the
force distribution pivot and operably attached to the lever, and a
rigid structure fixed to the earth and operably attached to the
force distribution pivot.
[0032] In another aspect, a folding tower includes a first portion,
a second portion, and at least one anchor. The anchor is operable
to secure the folding tower to a surface and the second portion is
hingedly coupled to the anchor such that the second portion is
configured to be rotated relative to the surface. The first portion
is hingedly coupled to the second portion such that the first
portion is configured to be rotated relative to the surface.
[0033] In one aspect, a folding tower includes a first portion, a
second portion, and a latch mechanism. The first portion is
configured to rotate relative to the second portion between at
least a first position and a second position and the latch
mechanism is configured to inhibit motion of the first portion
relative to the second portion when the first portion is in the
second position. The latch mechanism includes a first latch plate
coupled to the first portion, a second latch plate and comprising a
receiving member configured to receive at least a portion of the
first latch plate, and a flexible tension member coupled to the
first latch plate. The flexible tension member is configured to
move the first latch plate relative to the second latch plate.
[0034] There exists a need for a tower that is easily erected,
without need for a crane or other expensive installation equipment.
There also exists a need for a tower where the device mounted at
the top of the tower can be accessed without a crane, and where
maintenance can be performed without climbing the tower. There
exists a need where the top of the tower can be lowered to the
ground, and where heavy objects can be removed or mounted to the
top of the tower without raising them to the tower top when it is
erected. Finally, past solutions to address these problems have
been expensive and not commercially successful. There exists a need
for an economical solution that solves the aforementioned
problems.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a folding tower
prior to erection.
[0036] FIG. 2 is a side view of the folding tower of FIG. 1 with
the lower section vertical.
[0037] FIG. 3 is a side view of the folding tower of FIG. 1 with a
wind turbine attached to the tower top.
[0038] FIG. 4 is a side view of the folding tower of FIG. 1 after
erection.
[0039] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an anchor adapter assembly
for a hinged leg of the folding tower of FIG. 1.
[0040] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a winch mount assembly for a
non-hinged leg of the folding tower of FIG. 1.
[0041] FIG. 7 is an exploded view of an anchor adapter assembly for
a non-hinged leg of the folding tower of FIG. 1.
[0042] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a latch for the folding
tower of FIG. 1 in a closed position.
[0043] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a latch for the folding
tower of FIG. 1 in an open position.
[0044] FIG. 10 is a line drawing of a side view of an alternative
folding tower folded at 10 degrees.
[0045] FIG. 11 is a detail view of circle A in FIG. 10.
[0046] FIG. 12 is a line drawing of a side view of the folding
tower of FIG. 10 folded at 90 degrees.
[0047] FIG. 13 is a detail view of circle A in FIG. 12.
[0048] FIG. 14 is a line drawing of a side view of the folding
tower of FIG. 10 folded at 175 degrees.
[0049] FIG. 15 is a detail view of circle A in FIG. 14.
[0050] FIG. 16 is a line drawing of a side view of an alternative
folding tower folded at 90 degrees.
[0051] FIG. 17 is a detail view of circle A in FIG. 16.
[0052] FIG. 18 is an exploded view of one embodiment of a latch
mechanism and pulley system on a folding tower.
[0053] FIG. 19 is a detail view of one embodiment of a damping
system on a folding tower.
[0054] FIG. 20 is a detail view of one embodiment of a foundation
system for a folding tower.
[0055] FIG. 21 is an exploded view of a portion of the foundation
system of FIG. 20.
[0056] FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
foundation system for a folding tower coupled to a portion of a
lower half of a folding tower.
[0057] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a pulley
lever system coupled to a portion of an upper section of a folding
tower.
[0058] FIG. 24 is side elevational view of an embodiment of a
folding tower system including the foundation of FIG. 22 and the
pulley lever system of FIG. 23.
[0059] FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the folding tower system of
FIG. 24 illustrated with the lower section of the folding tower
coupled to the foundation system and in an upright position.
[0060] FIG. 26 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a
foundation system for a folding tower.
[0061] FIG. 27 is a side elevational view of an embodiment of a
monopole guyed folding tower illustrated with the lower section of
the folding tower extending generally away from the upper section
of the folding tower.
[0062] FIG. 28 is a side elevational view of the folding tower of
FIG. 27 illustrated with the lower section in a generally upright
position and the upper section extending at an angle relative to
the lower section toward the ground.
[0063] FIG. 29 is a side elevation view of the folding tower of
FIG. 27 illustrated with a turbine coupled to the upper section of
the tower.
[0064] FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the folding tower of FIG.
27 illustrated with the upper and lower sections in a raised or
upright position and with guy wires attached to the upper and lower
sections.
[0065] FIG. 31 is a top view of the folding tower and guy wires of
FIG. 29.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS
[0066] Embodiments will now be described with reference to the
accompanying figures, wherein like numerals refer to like elements
throughout. The terminology used in the description presented
herein is not intended to be interpreted in any limited or
restrictive manner simply because it is being utilized in
conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific
embodiments. Furthermore, embodiments disclosed herein may include
several novel features, no single one of which is solely
responsible for its desirable attributes or which is essential to
practicing the embodiments herein described.
[0067] The towers described herein are of the folding type that use
two hinges, a lower hinge connecting the tower to the foundation,
and an upper hinge about halfway up the tower. The upper hinge
divides the towers into an upper and lower section.
[0068] The folding towers also incorporate a lever to which a
flexible tension member, such as a steel cable, is attached. The
flexible tension member can be reeled in or out manually or by a
machine such as a winch at ground level, to raise and lower the
upper section of the tower. The folding towers further incorporate
a latch or lock that secures the upper section of the tower to the
lower section. The folding towers also incorporate a friction
reducer attached to the tower top to minimize the forces required
to raise the tower during erection. The folding towers described
herein further incorporate a stand or jack to create an angle at
the upper hinge that is less than 180 degrees to further minimize
the forces. In some embodiments the folding towers use a foundation
incorporating anchors.
[0069] Referring now to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a folding tower
320 is illustrated in a near horizontal position. In some
embodiments the folding tower 320 has three legs 370, while in
other embodiments, it may have one, four, five, or six legs. In
some embodiments the foundation consists of one or more anchors 360
operably attached to each leg 370. The lower section 390 consists
of three legs 370, each of which is attached to one or more anchors
360 comprising the foundation. In some embodiments the anchors 360
are helical anchors, consisting of an anchor shaft 363 with one or
more helices 361 attached to the anchor shaft 363. In some
embodiments the anchor shaft 363 is a long, slender steel column
with the helices 361 welded or bolted to the anchor shaft 363. The
helical anchor 360 is screwed into the earth until a certain depth
or torque is obtained. In some embodiments the helical anchor 360
can be screwed into the earth with a lever attached to the anchor
shaft 363, while in other embodiments the helical anchor 360 is
screwed into the earth using machinery, such as an earth auger,
skid steer, or backhoe.
[0070] Referring now to FIGS. 1, 4, and 5, the anchor adapter
assembly 349 is described. FIG. 5 is a close up of the area within
circle A on FIG. 4. An anchor adapter 380 is placed over and
attached to the helical anchor 360. The anchor adapter 380 in some
embodiments consists of a square steel tube that has tabs 374
welded or fastened to it with standard fasteners such as bolts and
nuts. An anchor hole 365, located near the top of the helical
anchor 360 where it protrudes above the surface of the earth, in
some embodiments is a through hole that has an axis perpendicular
to the anchor shaft axis. A fastener (not shown), such as a steel
pin or bolt is inserted through an adapter hole 376 (which is one
or more through holes), through both walls of the anchor adapter
380, and which also goes through the anchor hole 365. In some
embodiments the anchor adapter 380 has multiple adapter holes 376
to allow the height of the anchor adapter 380 to be adjusted. A
foundation coupler 358, attached to a leg 370, is also attached to
the anchor adapter 380. Inserted between the tabs 374 is a
foundation boss 382, which in some embodiments is welded to the
foundation coupler 358 and is a strong solid steel tab. The
foundation boss 382 has a through hole (not shown), and a fastener
such as a pin or bolt (not shown) is inserted through a tab hole
378, the foundation boss 382, and in some embodiments a second tab
hole 378 to secure the foundation coupler 358 to the anchor adapter
380. This assembly forms a foundation hinge 381, and allows the
folding tower 320 to rotate about an axis produced by the tab holes
378. In some embodiments the helical anchors 360 are screwed into
the earth parallel with the angled legs 370 of the folding tower
320, and the tabs 374 are bent so that the tab holes 378 create a
horizontal axis substantially parallel with the foundation surface.
In some embodiments the distance between the tabs 374 is greater
than the thickness of the foundation boss 382 to allow for slight
differences in the distance between two legs 370 and the distance
between two anchor adapters 380. The space between the foundation
boss 382 and a tab 374 can be taken up by a slotted shim (not
shown), when the fastener, such as a bolt, is secured with a nut,
to prevent any lateral or vertical movement of the tower during
high winds or earthquakes. In some embodiments the foundation boss
382 can be attached not between two tabs 374 but offset to the side
of a tab 374. The bolt in this embodiment is inserted first through
the foundation boss 382, then through a first tab 374, and finally
a second tab 374. This allows for larger differences in the
distance between two legs 370 and the distance between two anchor
adapters 380. In some embodiments the tab holes 378 are larger than
the bolt to allow for misalignment between the tab holes 378 and
the hole in the foundation boss 382. In some embodiments two
foundation hinges 381 are used, one for each of two legs 370, and
the tab holes 378 larger than the bolt also allow for angular
misalignment between the two foundation hinges 381.
[0071] Referring now to FIG. 1, two legs 370 of the folding tower
320 can be placed on a stand 364 during assembly of the lower
section 390. The lower section 390 of the folding tower 320 is
defined as that section below the upper hinge 368 when the folding
tower 320 is erected, and during assembly and erection is only
attached to the upper section 392 at the two upper hinges 368. The
upper section 392 is defined as the section of the folding tower
320 that is generally above the upper hinge 368 when the folding
tower 320 is erected and to which the turbine 373 (seen in FIG. 4)
is attached, and during assembly and erection is only attached to
the lower section 392 at the two upper hinges 368. The lever 338,
attached to the upper section 392, extends below the upper hinges
368.
[0072] Still referring to FIG. 1, the lower section 390 of the
folding tower 320 is described. Two legs 370 are assembled so that
a first end of the legs 370 is attached to a foundation coupler 358
slightly above the surface of the earth, and at a second end the
legs 370 are attached to the upper hinge A 366. The legs 370 rest
on a stand 364 that raises the upper hinges 368 above the surface
of the earth. The stand 364 can be a welded metal stand that will
support the weight of the folding tower 320, or in some embodiments
sawhorses can be used. In other embodiments the stand 364 can be
constructed from lumber or wood crisscrossed to create a raised
platform upon which the legs 370 can rest. In still other
embodiments the stand 364 can be a jack that can raise the tower
manually, or it can be raised by using powered equipment such as a
hydraulic pump. The purpose of the stand is to create an angle less
than 180 degrees at the upper hinge 368 so that the legs 370 of the
lower section 390 are not collinear with the upper section legs
393. Reducing the angle produced by the legs 370 relative to the
upper section legs 393 lowers the forces required to lift the upper
hinge 368 away from the surface of the earth and raise the lower
section 390 to a vertical position.
[0073] Referring to FIG. 1, a lower section coupler 362 joins
sections of the legs 370. In some embodiments the folding tower 320
legs 370 are made from round steel pipe or tubing, while in other
embodiments steel angle is used. In still other embodiments a
different shape is used, such as square tubing, and the legs 370
are made from aluminum or a lightweight composite. In some
embodiments the lower section coupler 362 is made from a steel tube
that has an inside diameter slightly larger than the outside
diameter of the round tubing or pipe of the legs 370. The steel
tube can have a longitudinal slot cut into it and at least two
rectangular sections with multiple through holes welded to it so
that the lower section coupler 362 can be clamped to secure
different leg 370 sections
[0074] Still referring to FIG. 1, a short leg 356 comprises the
third leg of the lower section 390. The short leg 356 is attached
to a lower latch coupler 344, which securely clamps the short leg
356 to the lower section 390. Also attached to the lower latch
coupler 344 at a first end are horizontal braces 354, which in the
case of a three legged folding tower 320, form a substantially
equilateral triangle. At a second end the horizontal braces 354 are
attached to one of the legs 370. In some embodiments the horizontal
braces 354 are made from steel or aluminum angle, either with equal
or unequal leg lengths. In other embodiments the horizontal braces
354 are made from round or square steel or aluminum tubing. The
tubing can be perforated with holes so that the horizontal braces
354 can be attached to the lower section 390 using standard
fasteners such as bolts and nuts, or welded. In still other
embodiments the horizontal braces are made from a lightweight
composite. Also attached to the lower latch coupler 344 at a first
end are angle braces 346. In some embodiments, to minimize the
different types of materials, the angle braces 346 are made from
the same material as the horizontal braces 354, although different
materials can be used. Both the angle braces 346 and the horizontal
braces 354 are attached to the lower latch coupler 344 using
standard fasteners such as bolts and nuts or by welding. In some
embodiments one or two through holes are made at each end of the
horizontal braces 354 and the angle braces 346 and a bolt is
inserted through the hole and a corresponding hole in the lower
latch coupler 344. At a second end the angle braces 346 are
attached to the two upper hinges A 366, preferably using the same
method of attachment that is used to attach the first end of the
angle braces 346 to the lower latch coupler 344. The upper hinges A
366 in some embodiments secure the legs 370 of the lower section
390 the same way that the lower section coupler 362 secure the legs
370. Also attached to the two upper hinges A 366 is one half of the
upper hinge 368. In some embodiments the two upper hinges 368 are
formed as a standard hinge, with one or more sections of tubing
formed around a pin. Also attached to both upper hinges A 366 is
the single horizontal brace 388 (best seen in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4),
which is attached at each end using the same method of attachment
as the horizontal braces 354. Due to the large forces that the
folding tower 320 produces while it is being erected and after it
is raised, the upper hinge 368 should be designed with a factor of
safety of approximately 1.5-3.times. greater than the worst case
condition to accommodate multiple moments simultaneously acting on
different axes.
[0075] Still referring to FIG. 1, the upper section 392 is
described. The two upper hinges B 372 are attached to the upper
hinges A 366 in some embodiments by a pin or bolt inserted through
the upper hinges 368, as is typical with conventional hinges.
Attached to the upper hinges B 372 are upper section legs 393,
using the same method that attaches the legs 370 to the upper
hinges A 366. Also attached to the upper hinges B 372 are upper
horizontal braces 386, of which there is one for each leg of the
folding tower 320. In some embodiments the upper horizontal braces
386 are of the same material and shape as the horizontal braces
354, although the profile may be sized smaller because they are
shorter. The upper horizontal braces 386 are attached to the upper
hinges B 372 using the same method of attachment as the horizontal
braces 354 to the lower section couplers 362. The upper angle
braces 384, of which there are two that are a mirror image of each
other, are in some embodiments made from the same material as the
angle braces 346, and are attached at a first end to the upper
hinges B 372 using the same method of attachment as that used to
attach the horizontal braces 354 to the lower section couplers 362.
The upper angle braces 384 are long, slender members that brace and
strengthen the lever 338. In some embodiments the upper angle
braces 384 can consist of two pieces attached to each other with
standard fasteners such as bolts and nuts. In some embodiments a
secondary brace 422, one for each upper angle brace 384, is used to
further strengthen and support the lever 338. In some embodiments
the secondary brace 422 at a first end is bolted to the upper angle
brace 384 using one or two bolts, and at a second end is attached
to a lever coupler 336 using the same method of attachment as that
used to attach the angle brace 346 to the upper hinge A 366. In
some embodiments the lever coupler 336 is similar to the lower
section coupler 362, and joins the lever 338 to one of three upper
section legs 393. One upper section leg 393 is attached at its
first end to the lever coupler 336 and at its second end to the
stub tower 328. Stub couplers 332, one for each leg and collinear
with the upper section legs 393, are arranged in a substantially
equilateral triangle and attach the three upper section legs 393 to
the stub tower 328. The stub couplers 332 in some embodiments are
welded to the stub plate 330 on a first side, and can be similar to
upper hinge B 372 in construction. In some embodiments the stub
plate 330 has through holes, to which guy wires or other devices
can be attached, such as a pole for an anemometer. On a second side
of the stub plate 330 the stub pole 334 is attached, and in some
embodiments is welded to the stub plate 330. In other embodiments
the stub pole 334 can be attached to the stub plate 330 by
fasteners, such as nuts and bolts, and a coupler, similar to the
stub couplers 332. In some embodiments the length of the stub pole
334 is slightly longer than the radius of the rotor of the wind
turbine 373. At the top of the stub pole 334 in some embodiments
are one or more stub holes 322 that provide for attachment of the
wind turbine 373 to the stub pole 334. In other embodiments a
flange can be attached to the stub pole 334 by welding or by
attaching a flange to a coupler similar to the stub coupler 332 so
that the folding tower 320 can accommodate different wind turbines
373. In some embodiments a flange can be bolted to the stub pole
334 using the stub holes 322.
[0076] Still referring to FIG. 1, erection of the folding tower 320
is described. In some embodiments a friction reducer 326 is
temporarily used to minimize the loads required to raise the
folding tower 320. The friction reducer 326 can be a wheel, a
smooth plastic or teflon pad, or any other low friction material or
method. The friction reducer 326 can be temporarily attached to the
folding tower 320 with a friction reducing attacher 324. The
friction reducing attacher 324, which in some embodiments can be a
fork similar to the fork used on the front wheel of a bicycle, can
use bolts extending through the stub holes 322 and into
corresponding tapped holes in the friction reducing attacher 324.
In some embodiments one of the bolts used to attach the friction
reducer 326 to the stub pole 334 is an eye bolt that allows a cable
(not shown) to be attached to it. In some embodiments a winch (not
shown) is attached to the non-hinged anchor 360 that does not have
a foundation coupler 358. The winch can be used to pull the stub
pole 334 near the top of the folding tower 320 toward the anchors
360 in the direction noted by arrow 333.
[0077] Referring now to FIG. 2, the folding tower 320 is shown in a
transition stage where it is partially erect. The winch has pulled
the stub tower 328 in the direction of arrow 333 so that the upper
section 392 is in a substantially vertical position. In some
embodiments the friction reducer 326 in this position is blocked or
braked using a brake attached to the friction reducer 326, or wood,
stone, or concrete blocks, or any other method that can immobilize
the friction reducer 326. In some embodiments a flexible tension
member (not shown), such as wire rope or steel cable is attached at
a first end to the lower latch coupler 344. The flexible tension
member at a second end is attached to the winch, or a second winch
(not shown), or a vehicle (not shown), such as a truck or
construction equipment, to pull the upper section 392 in the
direction of arrow 337, which moves the short leg 356 into contact
with the non-hinged anchor 360 that is not hinged. The movement of
the short leg 356 down into contact with the third anchor 360 that
is not hinged simultaneously moves the upper hinge 368 upward in
the direction of arrow 335. During the pulling of the stub tower
328 toward the anchors 360, the upper hinge 368 also moved in the
direction of arrow 335, which results in the distance between the
upper hinge 368 and the surface of the earth to increase. As the
upper hinge 368 moves upward, the angle between the legs 370 and
the upper leg sections 392 decreases, and the force required to
move the stub tower 328 towards the anchors 360 decreases. In some
embodiments the folding tower 320 can be braced in the position
shown in FIG. 2 by attaching the flexible tension member used to
pull the stub tower at its second end to a stationary object, such
as the non-hinged anchor, a large tree, rock, or vehicle, that is
located in a direction opposite of the winch attached to the
non-hinged anchor 360. In this embodiment, the friction reducer 326
can be pulled up a ramp or jacked up to raise the upper hinge 368
and simultaneously lower the short leg 356 into contact with the
non-hinged anchor 360.
[0078] Referring now to FIGS. 4, 6, and 7, attachment of the short
leg 356 to the non-hinged anchor 360 is described. FIGS. 6 and 7
are close up views of circle B on FIG. 4. A winch mount assembly
350 forms attachment locations for the short leg 356, the
non-hinged anchor 360, and one or more winches (not shown). An
adapter tube 408, with multiple adapter tube holes 410, in some
embodiments is a round steel tube with multiple through holes. The
adapter tube 408 in some embodiments has an inside diameter that is
slightly larger than and fits over the anchor 360. The multiple
adapter tube holes 410 allow the height of the winch mount 400 to
be adjusted to account for variations in height of both the terrain
upon which the folding tower 320 stands and also for differences in
height of the non-hinged anchor 360. The adapter tube 408 in some
embodiments has a washer welded to its top, to allow insertion of a
bolt (not shown) through and from underneath the anchor adapter 408
and through the winch mount 400. A nut (not shown) is used to
attach the winch mount 400 to the anchor adapter 408 and also allow
the winch mount 400 to rotate on an axis defined by the bolt. In
some embodiments one or more winch mount gussets 406 are welded to
the winch mount 400. A winch coupler 402, which in some embodiments
is a steel L with multiple through holes is attached to the winch
mount 400 with bolts and nuts (not shown). In some embodiments
steel leg clamps 404 with a curved surface matching the radius of
the short leg 356 are placed around the short leg 356 and attached
to the winch coupler 402 with bolts and nuts (not shown). The winch
mount 400 can be rotated and adjusted both horizontally and
vertically to account for misalignment between the position of the
short leg 356 and the non-hinged anchor 360. One or more winches
(not shown) can be attached to one or more of the unused holes of
the winch mount 400.
[0079] Referring now to FIGS. 3, 4, 8, and 9, attachment of an
apparatus, such as an antenna, meteorological equipment, or wind
turbine 373 to the folding tower 320 is described. FIGS. 8 and 9
are close up views of circle C in FIG. 4. The friction reducer 326
is removed from the stub tower 328, and in some embodiments a wind
turbine 373 is attached using the same stub holes 322. In some
embodiments a flexible tension member (not shown), such as wire
rope or a steel cable is attached at a first end to the upper latch
plate 416 using conventional cable fittings. The flexible tension
member is routed over a pulley 348 attached to the lower latch
coupler 344. In some embodiments the pulley 348 is welded to the
lower latch coupler 344, while in other embodiments it is attached
using standard fasteners, such as bolts and nuts. The pulley 348
guides a flexible tension member attached at its first end to the
upper latch plate 416, and to a winch (not shown) attached to the
winch mount 350 assembly at its second end, and prevents the
flexible tension member from rubbing on the lower latch coupler
344. In some embodiments another flexible tension member (not
shown), which can be a steel cable, is attached at a first end to
the stub plate 330, and in some embodiments this flexible tension
member is also a guy wire. The guy wire can temporarily be attached
at a second end to a vehicle, such as a truck or construction
equipment, or to another winch, to pull the wind turbine 373 and
upper section 392 in the direction of arrow 341. The winch attached
to the winch mount 350 can simultaneously be used to reel in the
flexible tension member attached to the upper latch plate 416 to
pull the lever 338 in the direction of arrow 339. As the upper
section 392 rotates around the axis defined by the upper hinge 368,
the mechanical advantage produced by the lever 338 increases and
the load on the winch decreases. Before the upper section 392 is
raised, the stub pole 334 is in an approximately vertical position,
or about 90 degrees to the surface of the earth. As the upper
section 392 is raised, the guy wire should not be pulled when the
angle of the stub pole 334 relative to the surface of the earth is
less than 50 degrees. When the stub pole 334 is less than 50
degrees relative to the surface of the earth, the winch has
sufficient mechanical advantage to raise the upper section 392 to
its upright installed position. In some embodiments, when the upper
section 392 is almost to its installed position, the weight of the
upper section 392 can cause the lever 338 to fall and the flexible
tension member attached to the winch to go slack. To prevent this
from occurring, the guy wire can be held taught by the vehicle or
second winch, and gently lowered until the upper latch plate 416
contacts the lower latch coupler 344.
[0080] Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, various components of the latch
mechanism and associated components are described. Once the upper
latch plate 416, a flat steel plate with one or more through holes
welded to the upper latch coupler 340, has contacted the lower
latch plate 417, another flat steel plate welded to the lower latch
coupler 344, the latch arm 342 can be engaged with the latch mount
418. The latch arm 342, which consists of a generally elongated
rigid somewhat U shaped component and is made in some embodiments
from steel, is attached to the upper latch coupler 340 using bolts
or pins which are inserted through latch hinge holes 421. The latch
hinge holes 421 are located in approximately the center of the
latch arm 342. The latch arm 342 in some embodiments consists of
two identical legs which are located one on each side of the upper
latch coupler 340. Tapped holes (not shown) located in the upper
latch coupler 340 and which are concentric with the latch hinge
holes 421, allows the bolts to be screwed into the upper latch
coupler 340, attaching the latch arm 342 to the upper latch coupler
340 and allowing it to pivot about the latch hinge holes 421. At a
first end of the of the latch arm 342 two latch mounts 420, which
in some embodiments are rigid T's, are designed to engage the latch
mount 418 after the latch arm 342 has been inserted into the latch
slots 442, which are elongated slots in the latch mount 418. In
some embodiments the latch mount 418 is a steel U shaped component
that is welded to the lower latch coupler 344. The latch arm 342
can be engaged with a flexible tension member (not shown) which in
some embodiments is attached at a first end to the latch eyebolt
427, and which can be screwed into a tapped hole (not shown) in the
latch mount 418. Pulled by an operator on the ground, the flexible
tension member can be attached at a second end to an unused hole on
the winch mount assembly 350. The latch arm 342 can be released by
an operator on the ground pulling at a first end another flexible
tension member (not shown) attached at a second end to the latch
release hole 426, located at a second end of the latch arm 342.
[0081] Referring now to FIG. 8, in some embodiments the upper latch
coupler 340 is a rigid tube with an inside diameter slightly larger
than the outside diameter of the tube used to construct the lever
338. The lever 338 is inserted into the upper latch coupler 340 and
secured using a bolt or set screw screwed into the latch coupler
hole 343. In some embodiments the upper angle braces 384 are
attached to the upper latch coupler 340 by bolting them to latch
tabs 430 through latch tab holes 432.
[0082] In some embodiments the lower latch coupler 344 is a rigid
tube with an inside diameter slightly larger than the outside
diameter of the tube used to construct the short leg 356. The short
leg 356 is inserted into the lower latch coupler 344 and secured
using a bolt or set screw screwed into the lower latch hole 440. In
some embodiments the angle braces 346 are attached to the lower
latch coupler 344 by bolting them to lower latch tabs 438 through
lower latch tab holes 436.
[0083] Referring now to FIG. 4, the folding tower 320 is shown in
its raised position. The upper latch plate 416 has contacted the
lower latch plate 417 and the latch arm 342 is in its closed
position as shown in FIG. 8.
[0084] Referring now to FIG. 10, an alternative folding tower 500
is described. For the purposes of simplicity, only the differences
between the folding tower 320 and the folding tower 500 will be
described. The folding tower 500 is comprised of an upper section
504 and a lower section 506, and has a wind turbine 502 attached to
its top. Attached at the base of the folding tower 500 to the
foundation (not shown) is a winch 510, and a flexible tension
member 508, such as wire rope, is operably attached to the winch
510. The folding tower 500 is shown with the upper section 504
folded at 10 degrees relative to the lower section 506.
[0085] Referring now to FIG. 11, the folding tower 500 is capable
of folding at a hinge 538 attaching the upper section 504 to the
lower section 506. In some embodiments the folding tower 500 is a
three legged tower while in other embodiments it can be a four
legged tower. The lower section legs 536 and upper section legs 540
are attached to the hinge 538. In some embodiments there are two
hinges 538, with each hinge 538 attached to one of the lower
section legs 536 and upper section legs 540. Rigidly attached to
the lower section 506 is one or more idler pulleys 544. The
directional pulley 544 can be a grooved pulley designed to
accommodate wire rope and used for changing the direction of the
flexible tension member 508. In some embodiments the directional
pulley 544 is comprised of four independent pulleys all concentric
and rotating about the same axis, but each of the four pulleys is
offset axially and capable of rotating independently. The
directional pulley 544 is attached to the lower section 506 with
directional bracing 542, 546. In some embodiments the directional
bracing 542, 546 is made from steel angle and is bolted with
standard fasteners or welded to the lower section 506. Also
attached to the lower section 506 is the lower pulley bracing 530,
532 which can also be made from steel angle and bolted with
standard fasteners or welded to the lower section 506. Attached to
the lower pulley bracing 530 with standard fasteners is an idler
pulley 526 which guides the flexible tension member 508 when the
folding tower 500 is folded. Also attached to the lower pulley
bracing 530, 532 with standard fasteners is the lower pulley 528,
which creates a mechanical advantage. Attached to the upper section
504 is the upper pulley bracing 512, 514, which in some embodiments
is made from the same materials as the lower pulley bracing 530,
532 and also attached using the same method. A double pulley 516 is
attached to the upper pulley bracing 512, 514 using standard
fasteners. The double pulley 516 is comprised of two pulleys that
are concentric about the same axis but offset axially and capable
of independent rotation.
[0086] Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the flexible tension member
508 travels from the winch 510 to the idler pulley 526, then around
one of the pulleys on the double pulley 516, then around the lower
pulley 528, then around a second pulley on the double pulley 516,
then attached to the termination point 518. The flexible tension
member 508 can be attached to the lower section 506 using standard
wire rope fasteners.
[0087] Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, the upper section 504 of the
folding tower 500 is folded at 90 degrees. The directional pulley
544 is designed so that it clears the upper section leg 548 as the
upper section 504 passes over the top of the idler pulley 544. In
FIG. 13 it can be seen that a mechanical advantage of four times is
provided by the lower pulley 528 and the double pulley 516.
[0088] Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the upper section 504 of the
folding tower 500 is folded at 175 degrees. The four pulleys
comprising the directional pulley 544 each contact one section of
the flexible tension member 508. Each of the four sections of the
flexible tension member 508 in contact with one of the pulleys
comprising the directional pulley 544 are axially offset so that
they do not contact each other.
[0089] Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, an alternative folding tower
600 is described. For the purposes of simplicity, only the
differences between the folding tower 500 and 600 will be
described. The folding tower 600 is shown folded at 90 degrees with
the upper section 604 horizontal and the lower section 606
vertical. Attached to the upper section 604 is the wind turbine
602. A screw 644 is operably attached to one or more screw hinges
638 using standard fasteners such as bolts and nuts, or it can be
welded to the screw hinges 638. In some embodiments the screw 644
is attached to the screw hinges 638 with one or more bearings (not
shown) to allow the screw 644 to rotate freely. In some powered
applications, a motor (not shown) is attached to the screw hinges
638 and the screw 644 is attached to the motor shaft with a coupler
(not shown). The screw 644 is threaded through a nut 618, which is
attached by nut hinges 620, 622 to the second link 642 and the
third link 646. Link hinge 628 connects the first link 630 to the
second link 642 and link hinge 624 connects the third link 646 to
the fourth link 626. In some embodiments the screw 644 rotates and
the nut 618 is fixed, while in other embodiments the nut 618
rotates and the screw 644 is fixed. In embodiments where the nut
618 rotates a motor (not shown) can be attached to the nut 618. If
the nut 618 is rotated, the rotation is converted to linear motion
and it will translate along the screw 644 moving closer to the
screw hinges 638 if it is rotated in one direction, and farther
away from the screw hinges 638 if it is rotated in the opposite
direction. This movement can raise the tower 600 from a horizontal
position when the first link 630 and second link 642 are nearly
parallel. In this position the nut 618 translates so that it moves
closer to the screw hinge 638 until the lower section 606 is
vertical. After the lower section 606 is secured to the foundation
(not shown) and the wind turbine 602 is attached to the top of the
tower 600, the nut 618 rotation is reversed and the upper section
604 swings on an axis defined by the screw hinges 638 for 140-180
degrees until the upper section 604 is vertical and the wind
turbine 602 is located at the top of the tower 600.
[0090] Referring now to FIG. 18, an embodiment of a latch mechanism
700 for use in a folding tower is schematically illustrated. The
latch mechanism 700 includes an upper latch plate 716 and a lower
latch plate 702. The upper latch plate 716 is coupled to an upper
leg portion 728 that extends away from the latch 700. Similarly,
the lower latch plate 702 is coupled to a lower leg portion 740
that extends away from the latch 700. The upper and lower latch
plates 716, 702 are configured to engage one another forming a
latch connection therebetween. When such a latch connection is
established, the upper leg portion 728 and the lower leg portion
740 can be aligned to form a continuous tower leg.
[0091] As illustrated in FIG. 18, a pulley system 729 can be
coupled to the lower leg portion 740. In one embodiment, the pulley
system 729 is welded to the lower leg portion 740 at a point near
the lower latch plate 702. The pulley system 729 can include a
first pulley 736 configured to rotate about a pin 738 and a second
pulley 732 configured to rotate about a pin 734. The pins 738, 734
can be disposed between a first plate 730 and a second plate (not
shown) and can extend generally parallel to one another such that
pulleys 732, 736 lie on planes that are generally parallel to one
another. The first plate 730 can include bosses 744, 742 extending
toward the second plate to protect the pulleys 732, 736. In one
embodiment, pulleys 732, 736 are both disposed on a common
plane.
[0092] The first and second pulleys 736, 732 can be disposed
adjacent to one another and can form a receiving space therebetween
to receive a portion of flexible tension member (not shown), for
example, a steel cable. The flexible tension member can pass
between the pulleys 732, 736, through a slot 712 in the lower latch
plate 702, and through aperture 718 in upper latch plate 716. The
flexible tension member can be fastened, attached, or otherwise
coupled to the upper latch plate 716 such that movement of the
flexible tension member can manipulate the upper leg portion 728,
and upper portion of the folding tower, about one or more hinges.
As the upper leg portion 728 rotates relative to one or more
hinges, the flexible tension member can apply pressure to the first
or second pulleys 736, 732. In some embodiments, the flexible
tension member applies pressure to the second pulley 732 when the
upper latch plate 716 is biased away from the lower latch plate
702. In one embodiment, the flexible tension member applies
pressure to the second pulley 732 when the upper latch plate is
initially biased away from the lower latch plate 702 during reverse
erection of the folding tower. In some embodiments, the flexible
tension member applies pressure to the first pulley 736 when the
upper latch plate 716 is biased towards the lower latch plate 732.
In one embodiment, the flexible tension member applies pressure to
the first pulley 736 when the upper latch plate 716 rotates past a
point where it is vertically positioned above the lower latch plate
702. Thus, the pulley system 729 can be configured to guide a
flexible tension member used to manipulate a portion of the folding
tower during erection or reverse erection of the folding tower.
[0093] Upper latch plate 716 can include a second aperture 722
disposed adjacent to aperture 718. The second aperture 722 can be
configured to receive a portion of a safety tension member (not
shown), for example, a safety cable, in order to fasten, attach, or
otherwise couple the safety tension member to the upper latch plate
716. The safety tension member can extend downward from the upper
latch plate 716 through a slot (not shown) in the lower latch plate
702 and may be attached, fastened, or otherwise coupled to the
bottom portion of the tower and/or to another structure in order to
secure the upper latch plate in a fixed position relative to the
lower latch plate. In one embodiment, the safety tension member
comprises a steel cable with a 5/8'' diameter that is used to
secure the upper latch plate 716 relative to the lower latch plate
702 after a latch connection has been established therebetween.
[0094] As illustrated in FIG. 18, the lower latch plate 702 can
include a cut-out or recess 708. The upper plate 716 can include a
protrusion 724 on the lower side of the plate that has a
complimentary shape to the recess 708. In one embodiment, the
recess is V-shaped and the protrusion is V-shaped and matches the
recess 708. In some embodiments, a vertical shape or surface of the
protrusion is complimentary to a vertical shape or surface of the
recess such that the shapes are complimentary along more than one
plane. A person having ordinary skill in the art will understand
that other shapes are possible for the recess 708 and the
protrusion 724. For example, the protrusion 724 and recess 708 can
both have complimentary curvilinear shapes. When forming a latch
connection between the upper plate 716 and the bottom plate 702,
the protrusion 724 and the recess 708 can engage one another to
guide the upper plate 716 relative to the lower plate 702. The
recess 708 can include a tip or flush point 704 that may engage a
corresponding point on the protrusion 724 when the upper plate 716
has been properly seated on the lower plate 702. If the protrusion
724 and recess 708 are not initially aligned when the upper plate
716 is brought toward the bottom plate 702, a flexible tension
member or cable attached to the upper portion of the folding tower
can be used to manipulate the upper plate 716 to align the
protrusion and recess.
[0095] Still referring to FIG. 18, the lower plate 702 and/or upper
plate 716 may include a bearing surface configured to facilitate
movement of the plates relative to one another. As illustrated, the
lower plate 702 includes a pair of friction reducers or rollers
746, 714 extending therefrom. The rollers 714, 746 can rotate
relative to a housing 710 that is attached, fastened, or otherwise
coupled to the lower plate 702. In one embodiment, the housing 710
is welded to the lower plate 702. The rollers 714, 746 can be
configured to guide the upper plate 716 toward the lower plate 702
during the formation of a latch connection therebetween. In some
circumstances, the upper plate 716 is not perfectly aligned in a
vertical direction when the upper plate 716 approaches the lower
plate 702. In such instances, the rollers 746, 714 can guide the
upper plate 716 toward the proper alignment relative to the lower
plate 702 and the upper portion of the tower can be manipulated to
form a proper latch connection between the upper plate 716 and
lower plate 702.
[0096] In some embodiments, the lower plate 702 further includes a
locking member 706 and a receiving member 720. The receiving member
720 extends from the lower plate 702 away from the lower portion of
the tower and forms a receiving space between the receiving member
and the lower plate 702. The receiving space is sized and
configured to receive a portion of the upper plate 716 when the
upper plate 716 is seated on the lower plate 702. Thus, the
receiving member 720 limits the movement of the upper plate 716
relative to the lower plate 702 in the vertical direction. In one
embodiment, the receiving member 720 includes a lip configured to
receive a portion of the upper plate 716 between the lip and the
lower plate 702. The locking member 706 can comprise a pin, for
example, a spring-loaded pin that can be remotely actuated, and can
extend into an aperture 726 formed in the upper plate 716. For
illustration purposes, the locking member 706 in FIG. 18 is
schematically illustrated in the actuated position. However, the
locking member 706 is typically actuated after the upper plate 716
is received by the receiving member 720. In some embodiments, the
locking member 706 can be remotely actuated by a cable or similar
mechanism. In other embodiments, the locking member 706 can be
remotely actuated and can also be remotely retracted into an
unactuated position to release the upper plate 716 from the lower
plate 702. When the locking member 706 is received within the
aperture 726, the locking member limits the movement of the upper
plate 716 relative to the lower plate 702 along the plane formed by
the juncture of the two plates.
[0097] As discussed above, helical anchors, for example, the
helical anchors schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1-4, can be used
to secure a folding tower relative to the ground. However, folding
towers can be subject to high loads, for example, from wind and
earthquakes, and can move when subject to such loads. The movement
of the folding tower can compact soil so as to create space between
the surface of the soil and an installed anchor over time. This can
lead to creep and in some circumstances, failure of the anchors. To
remedy this situation, anchors having a higher safety factor can be
used but this increases the costs of building and installing the
tower. As used herein, safety factor refers to a multiplication of
the load that a part or structure is required to withstand. Safety
factors are higher than design factors (e.g., the load that a part
or structure is required to withstand). Thus, an anchor may be
required to withstand a load of 20,000 pounds but have a safety
factor of 2.0 such that the anchor is configured to withstand a
load of 40,000 pounds. As an alternative to more expensive anchors,
a damping system can be incorporated in a folding tower between the
tower and anchors to lessen the effects of movement of the tower on
the anchors.
[0098] Referring now to FIG. 19, an embodiment of a damping system
750 is schematically illustrated. The damping system 750 can be
incorporated in any of the embodiments of folding towers disclosed
herein. In the illustrated embodiment, the damping system 750 is
coupled to a vertical leg or member 786 of a folding tower and a
horizontal bracing member 784. The damping system 750 includes a
lever bar 752 that is generally aligned under a portion of the
horizontal bracing member 784. The lever bar 752 can comprise
various materials including, for example, metals, composites,
organic materials, and polymers. The lever bar 752 can be coupled
to a hinge 788 that is coupled to the underside of a vertical leg
786. The hinge 788 can include an upper plate 792 and a lower plate
794. The bottom end of the vertical leg 786 can be coupled to the
upper plate 792 of the hinge 788. In one embodiment, a bolt 760 and
nut 758 couple the lever bar 752 with the lower plate 794 of the
hinge 788. The lever bar 752 can be spaced apart from the hinge 788
by a spacer element 754. On the opposite side of the hinge 788, the
lever bar 752 can include a bracket 766 extending therefrom that
receives a pivot pin 764. The pivot pin 764 can couple an anchor
762, for example, a helical anchor element, to the lever bar 752.
Thus, the lever bar 752 portion of the damping system 750 is
disposed between the anchor 762 and the vertical leg 786.
[0099] On an end of the lever bar 752 that is opposite from the end
of the lever bar 752 that is coupled to the hinge 788, the lever
bar 752 can be coupled to a first energy storing element 778 and a
second energy storing element 768. In one embodiment, the first and
second energy storing elements 768, 778 are springs that are
coupled to the lever bar 752 by bolts 782, 770 and washers 772,
776. In one embodiment, the first energy storing element 778 can
extend upwardly from the lever bar 752 and the second energy
storing element 768 can extend in an opposite direction from the
lever bar (e.g., in a downward direction). In one embodiment, the
first energy storing element 778 can be disposed between the
bracing member 784 and the lever bar 752 and the second energy
storing element 768 can be disposed between the lever bar 752 and
the surface of the ground that the folding tower rests upon. In
this way, the first and second energy storing elements 768, 778 can
engage the lever bar 752 therebetween such that movement of the
lever bar 752 towards the ground causes the second energy storing
element 768 to compress while the first energy storing element 778
goes into tension. Similarly, movement of the lever bar 752 away
from the ground causes the first energy storing element 778 to
compress while the second energy storing element 768 goes into
tension. The opposing compressive and tension forces of the first
and second energy storing elements 768, 778 applied to the lever
bar 752 can act to absorb and/or dampen energy that is received
from the environment and transferred through the folding tower
toward the ground before the energy is transferred to the anchors
762. In some embodiments, the first and second energy storing
elements 768, 778 are configured to absorber energy only in
compression or only in tension. Furthermore, in some embodiments,
the lever bar 752 is formed of a flexible energy absorbing
material, for example, steel, spring tempered steel, titanium, and
high modulus composites such as carbon fiber. The absorption or
dampening of energy by the lever bar 752 can further act to dampen
energy that is transferred through the folding tower toward the
anchors 762. Accordingly, the damping system 750 can act to prevent
the disengagement of the anchors 762 from the soil and save costs
incurred in the construction and installation of folding
towers.
[0100] Referring now to FIG. 20, an embodiment of a foundation
system 800 for a folding tower (not shown) is schematically
illustrated. The foundation system 800 includes a centroid absorber
or central damping system 850 and three force distribution systems
802, 804, 806 extending therefrom. Each force distribution system
includes 802, 804, 806 a plurality of force distribution members or
force absorbing members 808, 810, 812, 814 stacked on top of one
another. For example, force distribution system 802 includes a
first force absorbing member 808, a second force absorbing member
810 disposed on the first force absorbing member 808, a third force
absorbing member 812 disposed on the second force absorbing member
810, and a fourth force absorbing member 814 disposed on the third
force absorbing member 812. In some embodiments, the force
absorbing members 808, 810, 812, 814 can comprise leaf springs or
plates configured to flex when compressive or tensile forces are
applied to one or more of the force absorbing members 808, 810,
812, 814. Additionally, the force absorbing members 808, 810, 812,
814 can vary in length. For example, the force absorbing members
808, 810, 812, 814 can decrease in length from the first force
absorbing member 808 to the fourth force absorbing member 814. In
the illustrated embodiment, each force distribution system 802,
804, 806 includes four force absorbing members 808, 810, 812, 814.
However, a person having ordinary skill in the art will understand
that a force distribution system can include any number of force
absorbing members, for example, one, two, three, four, five, six,
seven, eight, nine, or ten. Additionally, a force distribution
system may include different types of force absorbing members, for
example, leaf springs and plates.
[0101] Force distribution system 802 is coupled to an anchor 820 on
a first end and to damping system 850 at a second opposite end. The
damping system 850 couples the three force distribution systems
802, 804, 806 to a central anchor 894. The first end of the first
force absorbing member 808 is coupled or fixedly attached to a
bracket 816 that couples the force absorbing member 808 with anchor
820. The bracket 816 includes an aperture 818 that receives a
fastener, for example, a threaded fastener, bolt, pin, or screw, to
secure the anchor 820 relative to the first force absorbing member
808. Disposed between the first and second ends of the force
distribution system 802 is a tower leg mount 832. The tower leg
mount 832 can comprise various structures including, for example, a
plate or flange. The tower leg mount 832 is configured to engage
the bottom of a folding tower leg (not shown) to couple a folding
tower to the foundation system 800. As illustrated, each force
distribution system 802, 804, 806 includes a leg mount 832 and the
leg mounts 832 are aligned with one another such that tower legs
(not shown) coupled to the foundation system 800 face a single
direction. In some embodiments, one or more of the leg mounts 832
may comprise a hinged plate. For example, the leg mount 834 of
force distribution system 806 includes a hinged plate 834 with a
hinge tube 836. The hinged plate 834 and hinge tube 836 may coact
to hingedly engage a tower leg (not shown) to allow the tower leg
to rotate relative to the hinged plate 834 and force distribution
system 806. In embodiments where two leg mounts 832 include hinged
plates 834 and hinge tubes 836, both hinge plates 834 and hinge
tubes 836 may be aligned such that the two hinge structures are
coaxially aligned with one another to allow the rotation of the
lower portion of the tower about the coaxially aligned hinge tubes
836.
[0102] A post or pipe stub 830 and first clamping plate 828 couple
the leg mount 832 with the force absorbing members 808, 810, 812,
814. In some embodiments, the leg mount 832 can be clamped or
otherwise secured relative to the force absorbing members 808, 810,
812, 814 by securing the first clamping plate 828 relative to a
second clamping plate 822 by one or more bolts 826 and nuts 824.
For example, in one embodiment, the first and second clamping
plates 822, 828 form a clamp structure between the force absorbing
members 808, 810, 812, 814 to secure the leg mount to the force
distribution system 802.
[0103] As discussed above, the movement of a folding tower over
time due to high loads can create space between soil and an
installed anchor which can lead to anchor failure. Seating a
folding tower on a foundation system with one or more force
distribution systems can increase the lifetime of the anchor(s)
without increasing the cost and/or weight of the anchor(s). In the
illustrated embodiment, the force distribution systems 802, 804,
806 can dampen compressive or tensile forces received from tower
leg members through the tower leg mounts 832. Additionally, these
dampened forces can be transferred to the central damping system
850 to lessen the loads received by the anchors. This foundation
system 800 allows for towers to be installed with smaller anchors
and allows for the construction of towers with narrow faces (e.g.,
narrower distances between the bottoms of the legs) because loads
from wind and other factors are reduced by the force distribution
systems 802, 804, 806 and/or cancelled by the damping system
850.
[0104] FIG. 21 schematically illustrates an exploded view of the
damping system 850 of FIG. 20. The damping system 850 couples the
force distribution systems 802, 804, 806 of the foundation system
800 together to distribute or cancel forces received from a folding
tower (not shown) by the force distribution systems 802, 804, 806.
That is to say, the damping system 850 receives different
compressive or tensile forces applied to the tower and reduced by
the force distribution systems 802, 804, 806 and further reduces or
cancels out the forces. In other words, the damping system 850 sums
the forces applied by the force distribution systems 802, 804, 806
to the damping system 850 to offset the forces that are applied to
the outside anchors 816. For example, a folding tower can include
three legs with two of the legs in compression due to a received
load and the third leg in tension due to the received load. The
damping system 850 can receive the forces from the three legs and
offset the compressive forces with the tensile force to cancel or
reduce the total forces exerted on the foundation system anchors
816 by the tower.
[0105] Still referring to FIG. 21, the damping system 850 can
include a top plate 856 and a bottom plate 880 configured to clamp
or secure the force distribution systems 802, 804, 806
therebetween. The top plate 856 and bottom plate 880 can be secured
or otherwise held together using bolts 854 and nuts 882. Spacers
860 may be disposed between the bolts 854 and the top and bottom
plates 858, 880 to prevent horizontal movement of the plates 858,
880 or bolts 854 relative to one another. The damping system 850
can also include one or more friction reducing plates 858 disposed
between the top plate 856 and the first force distribution system
806. The friction reducing plates 858 can comprise various
materials, including for example, plastics, and can be configured
to reduce friction between the force distribution systems 802, 804,
806 and to prevent wear on metallic force distribution system
components. In some embodiments, the friction reducing plates 858
can be made from a flexible material, for example, rubber that has
a friction reducing coating, such as TEFLON. The flexible material
can further act to dampen forces transferred from the tower. The
first force distribution system 806 can be coupled to the damping
system 850 by a slotted bracket 862 disposed at an end of the force
distribution system 806. Force distribution system 804 can be
secured to force distribution system 806 by the bolts 854 with a
plurality of friction reducing plates 864, 868, 870 disposed
between the two force distribution systems 804, 806. Similarly,
force distribution system 802 can be secured relative to force
distribution system 804 by the bolts 854 with a plurality of
friction reducing plates 876, 878 disposed therebetween to minimize
friction between the two force distribution systems 802, 804.
[0106] The damping system 850 can include an anchor 894 disposed
beneath the force distribution systems 802, 804, 806 and configured
to secure the damping system 850 to the ground. The anchor 894 can
be coupled to a post 884 by a bracket 890. The bracket 890 can
include an aperture or bore 888 that is configured to align with an
aperture 892 on the anchor and receive a fastener, for example, a
bolt, pin, or threaded fastener therethrough to couple the anchor
894 with the bracket 890. The post 884 can extend from the bracket
890 through bores or apertures in the top plate 856, bottom plate
880, and slotted brackets 862, 870, 874, and a nut 852 can be used
to secured the anchor 894 relative to the top plate 856. In this
way, the damping system 850 couples the force distribution systems
802, 804, 806 relative to one another to cancel the forces received
from the force distribution systems 802, 804, 806 and the anchor
894 couples the damping system 850 with the ground.
[0107] FIG. 22 schematically illustrates a perspective view of an
embodiment of a foundation system 900 for a tower. In one
embodiment the foundation system 900 is coupled to the lower
section 943 of a folding tower, for example, a folding wind tower.
The foundation system 900 includes three force distribution systems
904a, 904b, 904c coupled to three tower legs 903a, 903b, 903c of
the lower section 943 of the folding tower. Each force distribution
system 904a, 904b, 904c can include at least one force distribution
member 908a, 908b, 908c that extend between anchors 917a, 917b,
917c and a central anchor 914. The force absorbing members 908a,
908b, 908c can include one or more friction reducers 919a, 919b,
919c disposed therebetween. In one embodiment, the force
distribution systems 904a, 904b, 904c can be coupled to the central
anchor 914 by a central anchor bracket 916. One or more friction
reducers 915 can be disposed between the force distribution systems
904a, 904b, 904c and the central anchor bracket 916. A damper 930
can be positioned between the central anchor bracket 916 and the
friction reducer 915 to absorb vibrations from the folding wind
tower. In some embodiments the damper 930 is made from a flexible
material such as rubber, or a spring, such as a disc spring.
Additionally, an optional anchor adapter 913 can be disposed
between the central anchor bracket 916 and the central anchor 914.
In some embodiments, a winch mechanism 907 can be coupled to an end
of a force distribution system 904c. As discussed in further detail
below, the winch mechanism 907 can be used to rotate the lower
section 943 relative to the foundation system 900 to raise the
lower section.
[0108] In some embodiments, the foundation system 900 can include
one or more braces 911 securing the force distribution systems
904a, 904b, 904c relative to one another. In one embodiment, the
system 900 can include a first brace 911 coupled to the first force
distribution system 904a and the second force distribution system
904b, a second brace 911 coupled to the second force distribution
system 904b and the third force distribution system 904c, and a
third brace 911 coupled to the third force distribution system 904c
and the first force distribution system 904a. The one or more
optional braces 911 can provide several advantages, including, for
example, providing torsional support for the foundation system 900
when the folding tower is subjected to seismic waves (e.g.,
providing torsional support during earthquakes) and securing the
force distribution systems 904a, 904b, 904c relative to one another
to create a stronger foundation system 900. The additional
torsional support and strength provided by one or more optional
braces 911 disposed between force distribution systems 904a, 904b,
904c can also be advantageous during the tower raising when the
anchors 917a, 917b, 917b are subject to substantial lateral forces
that could cause the anchors 917a, 917b, 917b to move horizontally
relative to the ground.
[0109] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a pulley
lever system 920 that is coupled to a portion of an upper section
941 of a folding tower, for example, a folding wind tower. In one
embodiment the pulley lever system 920 can include a pulley lever
927 that extends between a pulley 929 and a pulley bracket 922. The
pulley 929 can be rotatably coupled to the pulley lever 927 by one
or more fasteners 931, for example, a bolt. Similarly, the pulley
lever 927 can be coupled to the pulley bracket 922 by one or more
fasteners 925, for example, bolts. In some embodiments, the pulley
bracket 922 includes a first section 921a and a second section 921b
that is coupled to the first section 921a by fasteners 925 with the
pulley lever 927 therebetween. The pulley bracket 922 and/or pulley
lever 927 can be coupled to a latch mechanism 923 that can be
configured to create a latch connection between the upper section
941 of the folding tower and a lower section (not shown) of the
folding tower. In some embodiments, the latch mechanism 923 can
include one or more features present in the latch mechanism 700
schematically illustrated in FIG. 18.
[0110] As discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1-9, a flexible
tension member (not shown) can be attached to a lever of an upper
section of a folding tower to rotate the upper section relative to
a lower section to position the folding tower in a raised
configuration or position. The pulley lever system 920 can be
coupled to the upper section 941 of a folding tower to rotate the
upper section 941 relative to a lower section (not shown) and
provides advantages over directly attaching a flexible tension
member to the upper section 941. For example, the pulley lever
system 920 can offset a flexible tension member (not shown) from
the latch mechanism 923 such that the flexible tension member does
not interfere with a latch connection. In one embodiment, a
flexible tension member is guided through pulley 929 such that the
flexible tension member is offset by the length of the pulley lever
927 from the latch mechanism 923. Additionally, in some
embodiments, this offset can create a mechanical advantage and
reduce the force required rotate the upper section 941 relative to
a lower section (e.g., reduce the force required to raise the
tower). Further, the pulley 929 can provide a mechanical advantage
to reduce the force required to rotate the upper section 941 using
a flexible tension member. In some embodiments where the forces
required to raise an upper section of the folding tower are
minimal, the pulley 929 is not used and the flexible tension member
can be attached to the pulley lever 927 using standard
fasteners.
[0111] FIG. 24 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of a
folding tower system 940 including a folding tower 942. The folding
tower 942 includes an upper section 941 and a lower section 943
that is rotatably coupled to the upper section 941 by a hinge 945.
The upper section 941 is coupled to an extension 949 that is
coupled to a friction reducing member 948. In some embodiments, the
friction reducing member 948 comprises a wheel that is configured
to roll on the ground surface. The friction reducing member 948 can
be configured to reduce the frictional force between the upper
section 941 and the ground when the upper section 941 is rotated
relative to the lower section 943. The upper section 941 also
includes a lever 922 that can be coupled to a flexible tension
member (not shown) to rotate the upper section relative to the
lower section. As discussed above, in some embodiments, the
flexible tension member can be coupled to pulley lever system
920,
[0112] The lower section 943 of the folding tower 942 can be
rotatably coupled to foundation system 900 by one or more hinges
912. A leverage boom 944 can extend from a lower portion of the
lower section and a flexible tension member 947 can be guided over
a distal end of the leverage boom 944 and coupled to a portion of
the lower section 943. In this way, the flexible tension member 947
can be used to rotate the lower section 943 relative to the
foundation system 900 (e.g., to raise the lower section 943).
[0113] A turbine offset system 950 extends from the lower section
943 of the tower 942. The turbine offset system 950 can offset the
lower section 943 from the ground 946 such that the lower section
943 and the ground 946 form an acute angle therebetween. In this
way, when the lower section 943 and upper section 941 of the tower
942 are lying on the ground, the lower section 941 and upper
section 943 form an angle less than 180.degree. therebetween. The
angle between the lower section 941 and the upper section 943
caused by the offset system 950 can reduce the force required to
rotate the lower section 941 relative to the upper section 943
because the lower section 941 is not horizontal with the ground
surface 946. Additionally, when the lower section 941 is in an
upright position and the upper section 943 has not been raised, the
turbine offset system 950 prevents the upper section 943 from
contacting the lower section 941. Similarly, when a turbine (not
shown) or similar object is coupled to the distal end of the upper
section 941, and the upper section 941 rests against the turbine
offset system 950, the turbine will be offset from the lower
section 943 (e.g., will not contact the lower section 943).
Moreover, when the lower section 943 is raised and the upper
section 941 is not raised, the turbine offset system 950 can be
used to brace the upper section 941 relative to the lower section
943 in order to install or work on a turbine or another object
coupled near the distal end of the upper section 941.
[0114] As shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, in some embodiments, the
turbine offset 950 includes an offset brace 953 extending from the
lower section 941 in a generally perpendicular direction, an offset
diagonal brace 951 extending diagonally from the lower section 943,
and an offset horizontal brace 957 coupled to the offset diagonal
brace 951 and the offset brace 953. One or more additional members
958a, 958b can couple the offset brace 953, offset horizontal brace
957, and/or offset diagonal base 951 to an offset attachment
structure 955 that is coupled to the lower section 941. Braces 953,
951 and members 958a, 958b can extend in other directions from the
lower section 943. For example, in one embodiment, offset brace 953
can extend from the lower section 943 in a direction that is not
perpendicular to the lower section 941. Additionally, the
horizontal brace 957 can extend between the braces 953, 951 at an
angle such that the brace 957 is not disposed horizontally
[0115] FIGS. 24 and 25 also schematically illustrate a flexible
tension member 908 guided by pulley lever system 920 and coupled to
a flexible tension member attachment structure 928 on the lower
section 943. The other end of the flexible tension member 908 can
be coupled to winch mechanism 907 disposed on the foundation system
900. In this configuration, the winch mechanism 907 can be used to
raise and lower the upper section 941 relative to the foundation
system 900 by shortening and lengthening the flexible tension
member 908 between the upper section 941 and the foundation system
900. The turbine offset system 950 also can increase the mechanical
advantage and lower the force required for the winch mechanism 907
to raise the upper section 941 after the lower section 943 is
vertical by creating an angle between the lever 922 and the lower
section 943 that provides more leverage.
[0116] FIG. 26 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a
foundation system 1000 that can secure a folding tower (not shown)
to a ground surface. The foundation system 1000 can include a
plurality of force distribution systems 1002a, 1002b, 1002c and
each force distribution system can include one or more damping
members 1004a, 1004b, 1004c. One end of each of the force
distribution systems 1002a, 1002b, 1002c can be coupled to a clamp
plate 1025 and the other end of each force distribution system
1002a, 1002b, 1002c can be coupled to a hinge 1023a, 1023b, or leg
plate 1013. The clamp plate 1025 can be coupled to an anchor
adapter 1005 by a clamp fastener or bolt 1001. A flexible plate
1027 and force distribution systems 1002a, 1002b, 1002c can be
disposed between the anchor adapter 1005 and the clamp plate 1025.
Braces 1007 can extend between force distribution systems 1002a,
1002b, 1002c to provide torsional support thereto and to secure the
force distribution systems 1002a, 1002b, 1002c relative to one
another. Hinges 1023a, 1023b can be coupled to the force
distribution systems 1002a, 1002b, by various fasteners 1001, for
example, bolts, spacers, and/or nuts. Similarly, leg plate 1013 can
be coupled to force distribution system 1002c by various fasteners
1001, for example, bolts, spacers, and/or nuts. Force distribution
systems 1002a, 1002b, 1002c can also be coupled to anchors 1021a,
1021c by one or more fasteners 1001, for example, bolts, spacers,
and/or nuts.
[0117] Turning now to FIGS. 27-31, an embodiment of a guyed
monopole folding tower 1200 is schematically illustrated. For ease
of illustration, some of the FIGS. 27-31 omit certain features
present in other of FIGS. 27-31. For example, lower guy wires
1280a-d and upper guy wires 1270a-d are only illustrated in FIGS.
30 and 31. The tower 1200 includes a lower section 1210 and an
upper section 1212. The lower section 1210 is coupled to a lower
hinge plate 1218 and the upper section 1212 is coupled to an upper
hinge plate 1214. The upper hinge plate 1214 and the lower hinge
plate 1212 are coupled together by a hinge knuckle 1216. In this
way, the upper section 1212 can rotate relative to the lower
section 1210 and the lower section 1210 can rotate relative to the
upper section 1212. The upper hinge mechanism 1282 formed in part
by the upper plate 1214, lower plate 1218, and hinge knuckle 1216
can also optionally include a hinge aperture 1220, hinge coupler
1222, and hinge clamp 1224.
[0118] The lower section 1210 can be coupled to an anchor 1306, for
example a helical anchor. The helical anchor 1306 can include a
plurality of helices 1308, 1310, 1312 configured to secure the
anchor 1306 relative to the ground. The lower section 1210 can be
rotatably coupled to the anchor 1306 by a base hinge 1302. In this
way, the tower 1200 can be raised in more than one step. In one
embodiment, the lower section 1210 can be rotated about the hinge
1302 relative to the ground to an upright or raised position and
the upper section 1212 can be subsequently rotated about the upper
hinge mechanism relative to the lower section 1210 to an upright or
raised position such that the lower section 1210 and the upper
section 1212 are substantially aligned. In some embodiments, one or
more flexible tension members 1230, 1232, 1254 and a winch
mechanism 1304 can be used to raise and/or lower the upper section
1212 and/or lower section 1210 of the tower 1200. In one
embodiment, upper section 1212 can include a lever 1226, which in
some embodiments is a steel tube, that can be used to manipulate
the upper section 1212 and to rotate the upper section 1212
relative to the lower section 1210. In some embodiments a boom
1258, which can be a steel tube, can be attached at a first end
substantially perpendicular to a first end of the lever 1226, and a
flexible tension member 1230 can be attached at a first end to a
boom bracket 1256 welded to a second end of the boom 1258, and at a
second end can be attached to a second end 1228 of the lever 1226.
A flexible tension member 1232 can be attached at a first end to
the boom bracket 1256 using standard fasteners, and at a second end
be attached to the upper section top 1234. The boom 1258 and
flexible tension members 1230 and 1232 can provide support to the
upper section 1212 during the raising and lowering of the upper
section 1212.
[0119] As shown in FIG. 30, upper guy wires 1270a-d can be used to
stabilize the upper section 1212 and can be coupled to the ground
and the upper section 1212. In some embodiments, lower guy wires
1280a-d can be used to stabilize the lower section 1210 and can be
coupled to the ground and the lower section 1210. In the
illustrated embodiment, each of upper guy wires 1270a-d are coupled
to the ground at a location substantially coincident with one of
the lower guy wires 1280 a-d, such that a pair of guy wires extends
upward from each of four locations distributed symmetrically about
the tower 1200. As can best be seen in the overhead view of FIG.
31, each of the pairs of guy wires thus extends through a
vertically extending plane, and opposing pairs of guy wires may
extend through the same vertically extending plane due to their
substantially symmetrical positioning around the tower 1200. For
example, the guy wires 1270a,1280a extend through a vertically
extending guy wire plane 1292a, which is substantially aligned with
the vertically extending guy wire plane 1292c through which guy
wires 1270a and 1280a extend.
[0120] Certain of guy wires 1270a-d or 1280a-d may be in place
during rotations of portions of the tower relative to one another
to raise or lower said portions of the tower. For example, in
particular embodiments, the lower guy wires 1280a-d may be
installed in place after the lower section 1210 has been rotated
about the hinge 302 relative to the ground to an upright or raised
position, but before the upper section 1212 is subsequently rotated
about the upper hinge mechanism 1282 relative to the lower section
1210 to place the upper section 1212 in an upright or raised
position. Thus, the lower guy wires 1280a-d can provide stability
to the structure during the subsequent raising of the upper section
1212 about the upper hinge mechanism 1282.
[0121] Because the lower guy wires 1280a-d may be in place during
the subsequent raising of the upper section 1212, and the upper
section 1212 will itself rotate through a plane of rotation during
the raising of the upper section 1212, the plane of rotation of the
upper section 1212 may be angularly offset from the vertical planes
through which the lower guy wires 1280a-d extend. Still with
respect to FIG. 31, it can be seen that a plane 1291 through which
the upper portion 1212 of the tower will rotated is angularly
offset by an angle .theta. from an adjacent vertical plane 1292d
through which guy wires 1270d and 1280d extend. Because the turbine
1290 may be installed on the upper section 1212 at the time of the
rotation, the offset angle is sufficient to allow the turbine to
pass by an installed guy wire (such as lower guy wire 1280d)
without contacting the installed guy wire. The necessary angle
.theta. between the plane of rotation 1291 and the closest adjacent
guy wire plane will depend on the size of the turbine and on the
size and positioning of the tower components and the installed guy
wire, but in certain embodiments may be more than 2.degree., and in
further embodiments may be more than 5.degree. or more than
10.degree..
[0122] In certain embodiments, the planes of rotation of both the
upper and lower sections of the tower may be substantially aligned
with one another. In other embodiments, a given pair of upper and
lower guy wires may be secured to the ground at different
locations, which may be radially or angularly offset from one
another, and there may be greater or fewer numbers of upper or
lower guy wires. In such an embodiment, the plane of rotation of a
portion of the tower may be selected to be angularly offset from
guy wire planes corresponding to those guy wires which may be
installed at the time that the given portion tower is to be
rotated.
[0123] The foregoing description details certain embodiments of the
invention. It will be appreciated, however, that no matter how
detailed the foregoing appears in text, the invention can be
practiced in many ways. As is also stated above, it should be noted
that the use of particular terminology when describing certain
features or aspects of the invention should not be taken to imply
that the terminology is being re-defined herein to be restricted to
including any specific characteristics of the features or aspects
of the invention with which that terminology is associated. The
scope of the invention should therefore be construed in accordance
with the appended claims and any equivalents thereof.
* * * * *