U.S. patent application number 13/184869 was filed with the patent office on 2011-11-10 for carbamic acid compounds comprising a piperazine linkage as hdac inhibitors.
Invention is credited to Klara Dikovska, Paul W. Finn, Vija Gailite, Ivars Kalvinsh, Daina Lolya, Einars Loza, James Ritchie, Maria-Rosario Romero-Martin, Igor Starchenkov, Clare J. Watkins.
Application Number | 20110275810 13/184869 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 28675576 |
Filed Date | 2011-11-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110275810 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Watkins; Clare J. ; et
al. |
November 10, 2011 |
CARBAMIC ACID COMPOUNDS COMPRISING A PIPERAZINE LINKAGE AS HDAC
INHIBITORS
Abstract
This invention pertains to certain carbamic acid compounds which
inhibit HDAC (histone deacetylase) activity of the following
formula: ##STR00001## The present invention also pertains to
pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use
of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to
inhibit HDAC, and in the treatment of conditions mediated by HDAC,
cancer, proliferative conditions, psoriasis, etc.
Inventors: |
Watkins; Clare J.;
(Oxfordshire, GB) ; Romero-Martin; Maria-Rosario;
(Didcot, GB) ; Ritchie; James; (Abingdon, GB)
; Finn; Paul W.; (Abingdon, GB) ; Kalvinsh;
Ivars; (Riga, LV) ; Loza; Einars; (Riga,
LV) ; Dikovska; Klara; (Riga, LV) ;
Starchenkov; Igor; (Riga, LV) ; Lolya; Daina;
(Riga, LV) ; Gailite; Vija; (Riga, LV) |
Family ID: |
28675576 |
Appl. No.: |
13/184869 |
Filed: |
July 18, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12165686 |
Jul 1, 2008 |
7981895 |
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13184869 |
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10509732 |
Sep 30, 2004 |
7629343 |
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PCT/GB03/01463 |
Apr 3, 2003 |
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12165686 |
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60369337 |
Apr 3, 2002 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
544/295 ;
544/360; 544/373; 544/377; 544/383 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 295/185 20130101;
C07D 333/60 20130101; C07D 239/42 20130101; C07D 295/192 20130101;
A61P 43/00 20180101; C07D 295/26 20130101; A61P 17/06 20180101;
C07D 317/58 20130101; A61P 25/16 20180101; A61P 35/00 20180101;
C07D 213/74 20130101; A61P 25/28 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
544/295 ;
544/383; 544/360; 544/377; 544/373 |
International
Class: |
C07D 295/26 20060101
C07D295/26; C07D 405/10 20060101 C07D405/10; C07D 403/04 20060101
C07D403/04; C07D 401/04 20060101 C07D401/04 |
Claims
1. A compound of the formula: ##STR00199## wherein: Cy is
independently a cyclyl group; Q.sup.1 is independently a covalent
bond or cyclyl leader group; the piperazin-1,4-diyl group is
optionally substituted; J.sup.1 is independently a covalent bond or
--C(.dbd.O)--; J.sup.2 is independently --C(.dbd.O)-- or
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2--; Q.sup.2 is independently an acid leader group;
wherein: Cy is independently: C.sub.3-20carbocyclyl,
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl, or C.sub.5-20aryl; and is optionally
substituted; Q.sup.1 is independently: a covalent bond;
C.sub.1-7alkylene; or C.sub.1-7alkylene-X--C.sub.1-7alkylene,
--X--C.sub.1-7alkylene, or C.sub.1-7alkylene-X--, wherein X is
--O-- or --S--; and is optionally substituted; Q.sup.2 is
independently: C.sub.4-8alkylene; and is optionally substituted;
and has a backbone length of at least 4 atoms; or: Q.sup.2 is
independently: C.sub.5-20arylene;
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene;
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene; or,
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; and is
optionally substituted; and has a backbone length of at least 4
atoms; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, amide,
ester, ether, chemically protected form, or prodrug thereof.
Description
[0001] This application is a division of application Ser. No.
12/165,688, filed Jul. 1, 2008, (allowed), which published as
US2008-0269237 A1 on Oct. 30, 2008, and is a continuation of
application Ser. No. 10/509,732, filed Sep. 30, 2004 (issued as
U.S. Pat. No. 7,629,343 on Dec. 8, 2009 and published Jun. 30, 2005
as US 2005-0143385 A1), which is a national phase of International
Application PCT/GB03/01463, filed Apr. 3, 2003, which designated
the U.S., and which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/369,337, filed Apr. 3, 2002, the entire contents
of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in this
application.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This invention pertains generally to the field of
biologically active compounds, and more specifically to certain
carbamic acid compounds which inhibit HDAC (histone deacetylase)
activity. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical
compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such
compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit
HDAC, and in the treatment of conditions mediated by HDAC, cancer,
proliferative conditions, psoriasis, etc.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Throughout this specification, including any claims which
follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise,"
and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising," will be
understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or
group of integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other
integer or step or group of integers or steps.
[0004] It must be noted that, as used in the specification and any
appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include
plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Thus, for example, reference to "a pharmaceutical carrier" includes
mixtures of two or more such carriers, and the like.
[0005] Ranges are often expressed herein as from "about" one
particular value, and/or to "about" another particular value. When
such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one
particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly,
when values are expressed as approximations, by the use of the
antecedent "about," it will be understood that the particular value
forms another embodiment.
[0006] DNA in eukaryotic cells is tightly complexed with proteins
(histones) to form chromatin. Histones are small, positively
charged proteins which are rich in basic amino acids (positively
charged at physiological pH), which contact the phosphate groups
(negatively charged at physiological pH) of DNA. There are five
main classes of histones, H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. The amino acid
sequences of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 show remarkable
conservation between species, whereas H1 varies somewhat, and in
some cases is replaced by another histone, e.g., H5. Four pairs of
each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 together form a disk-shaped octomeric
protein core, around which DNA (about 140 base pairs) is wound to
form a nucleosome. Individual nucleosomes are connected by short
stretches of linker DNA associated with another histone molecule
(e.g., H1, or in certain cases, H5) to form a structure resembling
a beaded string, which is itself arranged in a helical stack, known
as a solenoid.
[0007] The majority of histones are synthesised during the S phase
of the cell cycle, and newly synthesised histones quickly enter the
nucleus to become associated with DNA. Within minutes of its
synthesis, new DNA becomes associated with histones in nucleosomal
structures.
[0008] A small fraction of histones, more specifically, the amino
side chains thereof, are enzymatically modified by
post-translational addition of methyl, acetyl, or phosphate groups,
neutralising the positive charge of the side chain, or converting
it to a negative charge. For example, lysine and arginine groups
may be methylated, lysine groups may be acetylated, and serine
groups may be phosphorylated. For lysine, the
--(CH.sub.2).sub.4--NH.sub.2 sidechain may be acetylated, for
example by an acetyltransferase enzyme, to give the amide
--(CH.sub.2).sub.4--NHC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.3. Methylation, acetylation,
and phosphorylation of amino termini of histones which extend from
the nucleosomal core affects chromatin structure and gene
expression. (See, for example, Spencer and Davie, 1999).
[0009] Acetylation and deacetylation of histones is associated with
transcriptional events leading to cell proliferation and/or
differentiation. Regulation of the function of transcription
factors is also mediated through acetylation. Recent reviews of
histone deacetylation include Kouzarides, 1999 and Pazin et al.,
1997.
[0010] The correlation between the acetylation status of histones
and the transcription of genes has been known for over 30 years
(see, for example, Howe et al., 1999). Certain enzymes,
specifically acetylases (e.g., histone acetyltransferase, HAT) and
deacetylases (e.g., histone deacetylase, HDAC), which regulate the
acetylation state of histones have been identified in many
organisms and have been implicated in the regulation of numerous
genes, confirming the link between acetylation and transcription.
See, for example, Davie, 1998. In general, histone acetylation
correlates with transcriptional activation, whereas histone
deacetylation is associated with gene repression.
[0011] A growing number of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been
identified (see, for example, Ng and Bird, 2000). The first
deacetylase, HDAC1, was identified in 1996 (see, for example,
Teuton et al., 1996). Subsequently, two other nuclear mammalian
deacetylases were found, HDAC2 and HDAC3 (see, for example, Yang at
al., 1996, 1997, and Emiliani et al., 1998). See also, Grozinger et
al., 1999; Kao et al., 2000; and Van den Wyngaert at al., 2000.
[0012] Eleven (11) human HDACs have been cloned so far: [0013]
HDAC1 (Genbank Accession No. NP.sub.--004955) [0014] HDAC2 (Genbank
Accession No. NP.sub.--001518) [0015] HDAC3 (Genbank Accession No.
O15379) [0016] HDAC4 (Genbank Accession No. AAD29046) [0017] HDAC5
(Genbank Accession No. NP.sub.--005465) [0018] HDAC6 (Genbank
Accession No. NP.sub.--006035) [0019] HDAC7 (Genbank Accession No.
AAF63491) [0020] HDAC8 (Genbank Accession No. AAF73428) [0021]
HDAC9 (Genbank Accession No. AAK66821) [0022] HDAC10 (Genbank
Accession No. AAK84023) [0023] HDAC11 (Genbank Accession No.
NM.sub.--24827
[0024] These eleven human HDACs fall in two distinct classes: HDACs
1, 2, 3 and 8 are in class I, and HDACs 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11
are in class II.
[0025] There are a number of histone deacetylases in yeast,
including the following: [0026] RPD3 (Genbank Accession No.
NP.sub.--014069) [0027] HDA1 (Genbank Accession No. P53973) [0028]
HOS1 (Genbank Accession No. Q12214) [0029] HOS2 (Genbank Accession
No. P53096) [0030] HOS3 (Genbank Accession No. Q02959)
[0031] There are also numerous plant deacetylases, for example,
HD2, in Zea mays (Genbank Accession No. AF254073.sub.--1).
[0032] HDACs function as part of large multiprotein complexes,
which are tethered to the promoter and repress transcription. Well
characterised transcriptional repressors such as Mad (Laherty et
al., 1997), pRb (Brehm at al., 1998), nuclear receptors (Wong at
al., 1998) and YY1 (Yang et al., 1997) associate with HDAC
complexes to exert their repressor function.
[0033] The study of inhibitors of histone deacetylases indicates
that these enzymes play an important role in cell proliferation and
differentiation. The inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) (Yoshida at
al., 1990a) causes cell cycle arrest at both G1 and G2 phases
(Yoshida and Beppu, 1988), reverts the transformed phenotype of
different cell lines, and induces differentiation of Friend
leukaemia cells and others (Yoshida at al., 1990b), TSA (and SAHA)
have been reported to inhibit cell growth, induce terminal
differentiation, and prevent the formation of tumours in mice
(Finnin et al. 19991.
##STR00002##
[0034] Cell cycle arrest by TSA correlates with an increased
expression of gelsolin (Hoshikawa at al., 1994), an actin
regulatory protein that is down regulated in malignant breast
cancer (Mielnicki at al., 1999). Similar effects on cell cycle and
differentiation have been observed with a number of deacetylase
inhibitors (Kim et al., 1999).
[0035] Trichostatin A has also been reported to be useful in the
treatment of fibrosis, e.g., liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis.
See, e.g., Geerts at al., 1998.
[0036] Recently, certain compounds that induce differentiation have
been reported to inhibit histone deacetylases. Several experimental
antitumour compounds, such as trichostatin A (TSA), trapoxin,
suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and phenylbutyrate have
been reported to act, at least in part, by inhibiting histone
deacetylase (see, e.g., Yoshida at al., 1990; Richon et al., 1998;
Kijima et al., 1993). Additionally, diallyl sulfide and related
molecules (see, e.g., Lea et al., 1999), oxamfiatin (see, e.g., Kim
et al., 1999; Sonoda at al., 1996), MS-27-275, a synthetic
benzamide derivative (see, e.g., Saito at al., 1999; Suzuki et al.,
1999; note that MS-27-275 was later re-named as MS-275), butyrate
derivatives (see, e.g., Lea and Tulsyan, 1995), FR901228 (see,
e.g., Nokajima et al., 1998), depudecin (see, e.g., Kwon at al.,
1998), and m-carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide (see, e.g., Richon
at al., 1998) have been reported to inhibit histone deacetylases.
In vitro, some of these compounds are reported to inhibit the
growth of fibroblast cells by causing cell cycle arrest in the G1
and G2 phases, and can lead to the terminal differentiation and
loss of transforming potential of a variety of transformed cell
lines (see, e.g., Richon et al., 1996; Kim et al., 1999; Yoshida at
al., 1995; Yoshida & Beppu, 1988). In vivo, phenybutyrate is
reported to be effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic
leukemia in conjunction with retinoic acid (see, e.g., Warrell et
al., 1998). SAHA is reported to be effective in preventing the
formation of mammary tumours in rats, and lung tumours in mice
(see, e.g., Desai at al., 1999).
[0037] The clear involvement of HDACs in the control of cell
proliferation and differentiation suggests that aberrant HDAC
activity may play a role in cancer. The most direct demonstration
that deacetylases contribute to cancer development comes from the
analysis of different acute promyelocytic leukemias (APL). In most
APL patients, a translocation of chromosomes 15 and 17 (t(15;17))
results in the expression of a fusion protein containing the
N-terminal portion of PML gene product linked to most of RAR.alpha.
(retinoic acid receptor). In some cases, a different translocation
(t(11;17)) causes the fusion between the zinc finger protein PLZF
and RAR.alpha.. In the absence of ligand, the wild type RAR.alpha.
represses target genes by tethering HDAC repressor complexes to the
promoter DNA. During normal hematopoiesis, retinoic acid (RA) binds
RAR.alpha. and displaces the repressor complex, allowing expression
of genes implicated in myeloid differentiation. The RAR.alpha.
fusion proteins occurring in APL patients are no longer responsive
to physiological levels of RA and they interfere with the
expression of the RA-inducible genes that promote myeloid
differentiation. This results in a clonal expansion of
promyelocytic cells and development of leukaemia. In vitro
experiments have shown that TSA is capable of restoring
RA-responsiveness to the fusion RAR.alpha. proteins and of allowing
myeloid differentiation. These results establish a link between
HDACs and oncogenesis and suggest that HDACs are potential targets
for pharmaceutical intervention in APL patients. (See, for example,
Kitamura et al., 2000; David et al., 1998; Lin et al., 1998).
[0038] Furthermore, different lines of evidence suggest that HDACs
may be important therapeutic targets in other types of cancer. Cell
lines derived from many different cancers (prostate, colorectal,
breast, neuronal, hepatic) are induced to differentiate by HDAC
inhibitors (Yoshida and Horinouchi, 1999). A number of HDAC
inhibitors have been studied in animal models of cancer. They
reduce tumour growth and prolong the lifespan of mice bearing
different types of transplanted tumours, including melanoma,
leukaemia, colon, lung and gastric carcinomas, etc. (Ueda et al.,
1994; Kim et al., 1999).
[0039] Psoriasis is a common chronic disfiguring skin disease which
is characterised by well-demarcated, red, hardened scaly plaques:
these may be limited or widespread. The prevalence rate of
psoriasis is approximately 2%, i.e., 12.5 million sufferers in the
triad countries (US/Europe/Japan). While the disease is rarely
fatal, it clearly has serious detrimental effects upon the quality
of life of the patient: this is further compounded by the lack of
effective therapies. Present treatments are either ineffective,
cosmetically unacceptable, or possess undesired side effects. There
is therefore a large unmet clinical need for effective and safe
drugs for this condition.
[0040] Psoriasis is a disease of complex etiology. Whilst there is
clearly a genetic component, with a number of gene loci being
involved, there are also undefined environmental triggers. Whatever
the ultimate cause of psoriasis, at the cellular level, it is
characterised by local T-cell mediated inflammation, by
keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and by localised angiogenesis.
These are all processes in which histone deacetylases have been
implicated (see, e.g., Saunders et al., 1999; Bernhard et al.,
1999; Takahashi et al., 1996; Kim et al, 2001). Therefore HDAC
inhibitors may be of use in therapy for psoriasis. Candidate drugs
may be screened, for example, using proliferation assays with
T-cells and/or keratinocytes.
[0041] Thus, one aim of the present invention is the provision of
compounds which are potent inhibitors of histone deacetylases
(HDACs). There is a pressing need for such compounds, particularly
for use as antiproliferatives, for example, anti-cancer agents,
agents for the treatment of psoriasis, etc.
[0042] Such molecules desirably have one or more of the following
properties and/or effects: [0043] (a) easily gain access to and act
upon tumour cells; [0044] (b) down-regulate HDAC activity; [0045]
(c) inhibit the formation of HDAC complexes; [0046] (d) inhibit the
interactions of HDAC complexes; [0047] (e) inhibit tumour cell
proliferation; [0048] (e) promote tumour cell apoptosis; [0049] (f)
inhibit tumour growth; and, [0050] (g) complement the activity of
traditional chemotherapeutic agents.
[0051] A number of carbamic acid compounds have been described.
[0052] Certain classes of carbamic acid compounds which inhibit
HDAC are described in Watkins et al., 2002a, 2002b, and 2002c.
Piperazino Amides
[0053] Alpegiani at al., 1999, describe compounds of the following
type (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is alkylene; is .alpha.-substituted)
which are proposed to be useful in the treatment of diseases
involving matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and/or tumor necrosis
factor .alpha. (TNF-.alpha.).
##STR00003##
[0054] Alpegiani at al., 1999, also describes the following
compound (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is alkylene; is
.alpha.-substituted):
##STR00004##
[0055] Billedeau et al., 2000, describe compounds of the following
type (wherein R.sup.1 is, e.g., phenyl) (Q.sup.2 has backbone=3; is
alkylene; is .alpha.-substituted), which apparently inhibit
procollagen C-proteinase, and are proposed for use in the treatment
of fibrotic diseases.
##STR00005##
[0056] Broadhurst et al., 1993, describe the following compound
(Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is alkylene; is .alpha.-substituted),
which apparently inhibits collagenase.
##STR00006##
[0057] Broadhurst at al., 1995, describe the following compound
(Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is alkylene; is .alpha.-substituted),
which apparently inhibits collagenase, and is proposed for use in
the treatment of cancer, arteriosclerosis and inflammation.
##STR00007##
[0058] Hou at al., 2001, describe the following compound (Q.sup.2
has backbone=2; is alkylene; is .alpha.-substituted), which
apparently inhibits the proteinase gelatinase-A.
##STR00008##
[0059] Owen at al., 2001, describe the following compound (Q.sup.2
has backbone=2; is alkylene), which apparently inhibits certain
MMPs, and is proposed for use in the treatment of inflammation.
##STR00009##
[0060] Pratt at al., 2001, describe the following compounds
(Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is alkylene), which apparently have
anti-bacterial activity.
##STR00010##
Piperazino Bisamides
[0061] A number of hydroxamic acids comprising a piperazine moiety
with carbonyl groups adjacent to each nitrogen atom of the
piperazine moiety are known.
[0062] Chong et al., 2002 describe the following compound (Q.sup.2
has backbone=2; is alkylene) as an inhibitor of peptide deformylase
for use as an antibiotic.
##STR00011##
[0063] Billedeau et al., 2000 describe the following two compounds
(Q.sup.2 has backbone=3; is alkylene; is .alpha.-substituted) as
inhibitors of procollagen C-proteinase for use in the treatment of
fibrosis, sclerosis, arthritis and acute respiratory distress
syndrome.
##STR00012##
[0064] Piperazino Sulfonamides
[0065] Barlearn et al., 2000, describe compounds of the following
type (wherein R.sup.3 may be, e.g., phenyl) (Q.sup.2 has
backbone=2; is alkylene; is optionally 13-substituted), which
apparently inhibit WIMP-13.
##STR00013##
[0066] Two examples of such compounds (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is
alkylene) include the following.
##STR00014##
[0067] Barlaam et al., 2001, describe compounds of the following
type (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is alkylene) which apparently inhibit
MMP-13 and colianenase 3.
##STR00015##
[0068] Barta at al., 2000, describe the following compound (Q.sup.2
has backbone=2; is phonylene), which apparently inhibits MMP-2 and
MMP-13.
##STR00016##
[0069] Baxter et al., 1999, (Darwin Discovery, UK) describe the
following compound (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is alkylene), which
apparently inhibits certain MMPs.
##STR00017##
[0070] Baxter et al., 2000, (Darwin Discovery, UK) describe
compounds of the following type (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is
alkylene), which apparently inhibitor certain MMPs.
##STR00018##
[0071] Bedell et al., 2000, and Bedell et al., 2001, describe
compounds of the following type (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is
phenylene), which apparently inhibit certain MMPs.
##STR00019##
[0072] De Crescenzo et al., 2000, describe compounds of the
following type (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is alkylene), which
apparently inhibit certain MMPs.
##STR00020##
[0073] Hannah et al., 2001, (Darwin Discovery, UK) describe
compounds of the following type (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is
alkylene; is optionally .alpha.-substituted), which apparently
inhibit certain MMPs.
##STR00021##
[0074] Martin et al., 2000, describes the following compound
(Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is alkylene), which apparently inhibits
certain MMPs.
##STR00022##
[0075] Owen et al., 2000, (Darwin Discovery, UK) describe compounds
of the following type (Q.sup.2 has backbone=2; is phenylene), which
are apparently inhibit certain MMPs.
##STR00023##
[0076] Owen et al., 2000, (Darwin Discovery, UK) also describes the
following compound (Q.sup.2 has backbone=3; is phenylene):
##STR00024##
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0077] One aspect of the invention pertains to active carbamic acid
compounds, as described herein.
[0078] Another aspect of the invention pertains to active
compounds, as described herein, which inhibit HDAC activity.
[0079] Another aspect of the invention pertains to active
compounds, as described herein, which treat conditions which are
known to be mediated by HDAC, or which are known to be treated by
HDAC inhibitors (such as, e.g., trichostatin A).
[0080] Another aspect of the invention pertains to active
compounds, as described herein, which (a) regulate (e.g., inhibit)
cell proliferation; (b) inhibit cell cycle progression; (c) promote
apoptosis; or (d) a combination of one or more of these.
[0081] Another aspect of the invention pertains to active
compounds, as described herein, which are anti-HDAC agents, and
which treat a condition mediated by HDAC.
[0082] Another aspect of the invention pertains to active
compounds, as described herein, which are anticancer agents, and
which treat cancer.
[0083] Another aspect of the invention pertains to active
compounds, as described herein, which are antiproliferative agents,
and which treat a proliferative condition.
[0084] Another aspect of the invention pertains to active
compounds, as described herein, which are antipsoriasis agents, and
which treat psoriasis.
[0085] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to a
composition comprising a compound, as described herein, and a
carrier.
[0086] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to a
composition comprising a compound, as described herein, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0087] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to methods
of inhibiting HDAC in a cell, comprising contacting said cell with
an effective amount of an active compound, as described herein,
whether in vitro or in vivo.
[0088] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to methods
of (a) regulating (e.g., inhibiting) cell proliferation; (b)
inhibiting cell cycle progression; (c) promoting apoptosis; or (d)
a combination of one or more of these, comprising contacting a cell
with an effective amount of an active compound, as described
herein, whether in vitro or in vivo.
[0089] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to methods
of treating a condition which is known to be mediated by HDAC, or
which is known to be treated by HDAC inhibitors (such as, e.g.,
trichostatin A), comprising administering to a subject in need of
treatment a therapeutically-effective amount of an active compound,
as described herein.
[0090] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to methods
of treating cancer, comprising administering to a subject in need
of treatment a therapeutically-effective amount of an active
compound, as described herein.
[0091] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to methods
of treating a proliferative condition comprising administering to a
subject in need of treatment a therapeutically-effective amount of
an active compound, as described herein.
[0092] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to methods
of treating psoriasis comprising administering to a subject in need
of treatment a therapeutically-effective amount of an active
compound, as described herein.
[0093] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to an
active compound, as described herein, for use in a method of
treatment of the human or animal body by therapy.
[0094] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to use of
an active compound, as described herein, for the manufacture of a
medicament for use in the treatment of a condition mediated by
HDAC, a condition known to be treated by HDAC inhibitors (such as,
e.g., trichostatin A), cancer, a proliferative condition,
psoriasis, or other condition as described herein.
[0095] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to a kit
comprising (a) the active compound, preferably provided as a
pharmaceutical composition and in a suitable container and/or with
suitable packaging; and (b) instructions for use, for example,
written instructions on how to administer the active compound.
[0096] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to
compounds obtainable by a method of synthesis as described herein,
or a method comprising a method of synthesis as described
herein.
[0097] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to
compounds obtained by a method of synthesis as described herein, or
a method comprising a method of synthesis as described herein.
[0098] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to novel
intermediates, as described herein, which are suitable for use in
the methods of synthesis described herein.
[0099] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to the use
of such novel intermediates, as described herein, in the methods of
synthesis described herein.
[0100] As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, features
and preferred embodiments of one aspect of the invention will also
pertain to other aspects of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Compounds
[0101] In one aspect, the present invention pertains to carbamic
acid compounds of the formula:
##STR00025##
wherein: [0102] Cy is independently a cyclyl group; [0103] Q.sup.1
is independently a covalent bond or cyclyl leader group; [0104] the
piperazin-1,4-diyi group is optionally substituted; [0105] J.sup.1
is independently a covalent bond or --C(.dbd.O)--; [0106] J.sup.2
is independently --C(.dbd.O)-- or --S(.dbd.O).sub.2--; [0107]
Q.sup.2 is independently an acid leader group; wherein: [0108] Cy
is independently: [0109] C.sub.3-20carbocyclyl, [0110]
C.sub.3-20heteracyclyl, or [0111] C.sub.5-20aryl; [0112] and is
optionally substituted; [0113] Q.sup.1 is independently: [0114] a
covalent bond; [0115] C.sub.1-7alkylene; or [0116]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-X--C.sub.1-7alkylene, --X--C.sub.1-7alkylene, or
C.sub.1-7alkylene-X--, [0117] wherein X is --O-- or --S--; [0118]
and is optionally substituted; [0119] Q.sup.2 is independently:
[0120] C.sub.4-8alkylene; [0121] and is optionally substituted;
[0122] and has a backbone length of at least 4 atoms; [0123] or:
[0124] Q.sup.2 is independently: [0125] C.sub.5-20arylene; [0126]
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0127]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene; or, [0128]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0129] and
is optionally substituted; [0130] and has a backbone length of at
least 4 atoms; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates,
amides, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms, and prodrugs
thereof.
[0131] In preferred embodiments, the carbamic acid group,
--C(.dbd.O)NHOH, is unmodified (e.g., is not an ester).
[0132] Note that each of the groups -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1-Cy and
-J.sup.2-Q.sup.2-C(.dbd.O)NHOH is a monovalent and monodentate
species; and that is it not intended that these groups be linked,
other than via the N-1 and N-4 atoms, respectively, of the
piperazin-1,4-diylgroup.
The piperazin-1,4-diyl Group
[0133] The piperazin-1,4-diyl group is optionally substituted,
i.e., unsubstituted or substituted.
[0134] In one embodiment, the piperazin-1,4-diylgroup is
unsubstituted (i.e., unsubstituted at the 2-, 3-, 5-, and
6-positions).
[0135] In one embodiment, the piperazin-1,4-diyl group is
substituted (i.e., substituted at one or more the 2-, 3-, 5-, and
6-positions.
[0136] For example, in one embodiment, the piperazin-1,4-diyl group
is substituted (i.e., substituted at one or more the 2-, 3-, 5-,
and 6-positions with C.sub.1-4alkyl, for example, -Me or -Et.
[0137] For example, in one embodiment, the piperazin-1,4-dlylgroup
is:
unsubstituted piperazin-1,4-diyl or
2-methyl-piperazin-1,4-diyl.
[0138] The piperazin-1,4-diyl group may be in any conformation,
including, but not limited to, chair-, boat-, or twist-forms.
The Linkers, J.sup.1 and J.sup.2
[0139] In one embodiment, J.sup.1 is independently a covalent
bond.
[0140] In one embodiment, J.sup.1 is independently
--C(.dbd.O)--.
[0141] In one embodiment, J.sup.2 is independently
--C(.dbd.O)--.
[0142] In one embodiment, J.sup.2 is independently
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2--.
[0143] In one embodiment:
J.sup.1 is a covalent bond and J.sup.2 is --C(.dbd.O)--; or:
J.sup.1 is --C(.dbd.O)-- and J.sup.2 is --C(.dbd.O)--; or:
[0144] J.sup.1 is a covalent bond and J.sup.2 is
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2--.
[0145] In one embodiment:
J.sup.1 is a covalent bond and J.sup.2 is --C(.dbd.O)--; or:
J.sup.1 is --C(.dbd.O)-- and J.sup.2 is --C(.dbd.O)--.
[0146] In one embodiment, J.sup.1 is a covalent bond and J.sup.2 is
--C(.dbd.O)-- (and the compounds may be referred to as
"piperazino-amides"):
##STR00026##
[0147] In one embodiment, J.sup.1 is --C(.dbd.O)-- and J.sup.2 is
--C(.dbd.O)-- (and the compounds may be referred to as
"piperazino-bisamides"):
##STR00027##
[0148] In one embodiment, J.sup.1 is a covalent bond and J.sup.2 is
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2-- (and the compounds may be referred to as
"piperazino-sulfonamides"):
##STR00028##
[0149] In one embodiment, J.sup.1 is --C(.dbd.O)-- and J.sup.2 is
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2-- (and the compounds may be referred to as
"piperazine-amide-sulfonamides"):
##STR00029##
[0150] For the avoidance of doubt, it is intended that, if there is
a --C(.dbd.O)-- group immediately adjacent to the N-1 atom of the
piperazin-1-4-diyl group, then that --C(.dbd.O)-- group must be
assigned as J.sup.1 (that is, J' is --(C.dbd.O)--) and not as part
of Q.sup.1 (e.g., as part of an oxo-substituted Q.sup.1 group). For
example, if the Cy-Q.sup.1-J.sup.1- group is
Ph-CH.sub.2--C(.dbd.O)--, then Cy is Ph-, Q.sup.1 is --CH.sub.2--,
and J.sup.1 is --C(.dbd.O)--.
Assigning the Cyclyl Group, Cy
[0151] If, within the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1-Cy, there is a
plurality of candidate groups satisfying the definition of Cy
(referred to as candidate Cy groups), then the candidate Cy group
which is furthest from the N-1 atom of the piperazin-1,4-diyl group
is identified as Cy (and referred to as "the relevant Cy
group").
[0152] In this context, distance (e.g., further, furthest) is
measured as the number of chain atoms in the shortest continuous
chain linking the groups (i.e., the N-1 atom and Cy).
[0153] If there is a plurality of furthest candidate Cy groups,
then the one (including any substituents) with the largest
molecular weight is the relevant one.
[0154] If there is a plurality of furthest heaviest candidate Cy
groups, then the one (excluding any substituents) with the most
annular heteroatoms is the relevant one.
[0155] If there is a plurality of furthest heaviest candidate Cy
groups with the most annular heteroatoms, then the one with an
IUPAC name which alphabetically precedes the other(s), is the
relevant one.
[0156] Some illustrative examples are shown below.
##STR00030##
[0157] If the group, Q.sup.1, is a cyclyl leader group (i.e., not a
covalent bond) and/or J1 is --C(.dbd.O)--, the group
-Q.sup.1-J.sup.1- has a backbone length, as determined by the
number of chain atoms in the shortest continuous chain of atoms
linking the relevant cyclyl group, Cy, and the N-1 atom of the
piperazin-1,4-diyi group. In the following example,
-Q.sup.1-J.sup.1- has a backbone length of 2.
##STR00031##
The Cyclyl Group, Cy
[0158] Cy is independently: C.sub.3-20carbocyclyl,
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl, or C.sub.5-20aryl; and is optionally
substituted.
[0159] In one embodiment, Cy is independently
C.sub.3-20carbocyclyl; and is optionally substituted.
[0160] In one embodiment, Cy is independently monocyclic
C.sub.3-7carbocyclyl, and is optionally substituted.
[0161] In one embodiment, Cy is independently monocyclic
C.sub.5-6carbocyclyl, and is optionally substituted.
[0162] In one embodiment, Cy is independently C.sub.3-20carbocyclyl
derived from one of the following: cyclopropane, cyclobutane,
cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, cyclohexene, norbornane,
adamantine, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone; and is optionally
substituted.
[0163] In one embodiment, Cy is independently
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl; and is optionally substituted.
[0164] In one embodiment, Cy is independently monocyclic
C.sub.3-7heterocyclyl, and is optionally substituted.
[0165] In one embodiment, Cy is independently monocyclic
C.sub.5-6heterocyclyl, and is optionally substituted.
[0166] In one embodiment, Cy is independently
C.sub.3-20heterocyclylderived from one of the following:
piperidine, azepine, tetrahydropyran, morpholine, azetidine,
piperazine, imidazoline, piperazinedione, and oxazolinone; and is
optionally substituted.
[0167] In one embodiment, Cy is independently C.sub.5-20aryl; and
is optionally substituted.
[0168] In one embodiment, Cy is independently C.sub.5-20carboaryl
or C.sub.5-20heteroatyl; and is optionally substituted.
[0169] In one embodiment, Cy is independently C.sub.5-20heteroaryl;
and is optionally substituted. In one embodiment, Cy is monocyclic
C.sub.5-20heteroaryl; and is optionally substituted. In one
embodiment, Cy is monocyclic C.sub.5-6heteroaryl; and is optionally
substituted.
[0170] In one embodiment, Cy is independently C.sub.5-20carboaryl;
and is optionally substituted. In one embodiment, Cy is monocyclic
C.sub.5-20carboaryl; and is optionally substituted. In one
embodiment, Cy is monocyclic C.sub.5-6carboaryl; and is optionally
substituted. In one embodiment, Cy is phenyl; and is optionally
substituted.
[0171] In one embodiment, Cy is independently C.sub.5-20aryl
derived from one of the following: benzene, pyridine, furan,
indole, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridizine,
naphthalene, quinoline, indole, benzimidazole, benzothiofuran,
fluorene, acridine, and carbazole; and is optionally
substituted.
[0172] Examples of substituents on Cy include, but are not limited
to, those described under the heading "Substituents" below.
[0173] In one embodiment, the optional substituents on Cy are as
defined under the heading "The Cyclyl Group, Cy: Optionally
Substituted Phenyl: Substituents."
The Cyclyl Group, Cy: Optionally Substituted Phenyl
[0174] In one embodiment, Cy is independently an optionally
substituted phenyl group.
[0175] In one embodiment, Cy is independently an optionally
substituted phenyl group of the formula:
##STR00032##
wherein n is independently an integer from 0 to 5, and each R.sup.A
is independently a substituent as defined herein.
[0176] In one embodiment, Cy is an optionally substituted phenyl
group, Q.sup.1 is a covalent bond or a cyclyl leader group, J.sup.1
is a covalent bond, and the compounds have the following
formula:
##STR00033##
[0177] In one embodiment, Cy is an optionally substituted phenyl
group, Q.sup.1 is a cyclyl leader group, J.sup.1 is a covalent
bond, and the compounds have the following formula:
##STR00034##
[0178] In one embodiment, Cy is an optionally substituted phenyl
group, Q.sup.1 is a covalent bond, J.sup.1 is a covalent bond, and
the compounds have the following formula:
##STR00035##
[0179] In one embodiment, n is an integer from 0 to 5.
[0180] In one embodiment, n is an integer from 0 to 4.
[0181] In one embodiment, n is an integer from 0 to 3.
[0182] In one embodiment, n is an integer from 0 to 2.
[0183] In one embodiment, n is 0 or 1.
[0184] In one embodiment, n is an integer from 1 to 5.
[0185] In one embodiment, n is an integer from 1 to 4.
[0186] In one embodiment, n is an integer from 1 to 3.
[0187] In one embodiment, n is 1 or 2.
[0188] In one embodiment, n is 5.
[0189] In one embodiment, n is 4.
[0190] In one embodiment, n is 3.
[0191] In one embodiment, n is 2.
[0192] In one embodiment, n is 1.
[0193] In one embodiment, n is 0.
[0194] If the phenyl group has less than the full complement of
ring substituents, R.sup.A, they may be arranged in any
combination. For example, if n is 1, R.sup.A may be in the 2'-,
3'-, 4'-, 5'-, or 6'-position. Similarly, if n is 2, the two
R.sup.A groups may be in, for example, the 2',3'-, 2',4'-, 2',5'-,
2',6'-, 3',4'-, or 3',5'-positions. If n is 3, the three R.sup.A
groups may be in, for example, the 2',3',4'-, 2',3',5'-, 2',3',6'-,
or 3',4',5'-positions.
[0195] In one embodiment, n is 0.
[0196] In one embodiment, n is 1, and the R.sup.A group is in the
4'-position.
[0197] In one embodiment, n is 2, and one R.sup.A group is in the
4'-position, and the other R.sup.A group is in the 2'-position.
[0198] In one embodiment, n is 2, and one R.sup.A group is in the
4'-position, and the other R.sup.A group is in the 3'-position.
The Cyclyl Group, Cy: Optionally Substituted Phenyl:
Substituents
[0199] Examples of substituents on Cy (e.g., R.sup.A), include, but
are not limited to, those described under the heading
"Substituents" below.
[0200] Further examples of substituents on Cy (e.g., R.sup.A),
include, but are not limited to, those described below.
[0201] In one embodiment, each of the substituents on Cy (e.g.,
each R.sup.A), is independently selected from:
(1) ester; (2) amido; (3) acyl; (4) halo; (5) hydroxy; (6) ether;
(7) C.sub.1-7alkyl, including substituted C.sub.1-7alkyl; (8)
C.sub.5-20aryl, including substituted C.sub.5-20aryl; (9) sulfonyl;
(10) sulfonamide; (11) amino; (12) morpholino; (13) nitro; (14)
cyano.
[0202] In one embodiment, each of the substituents on Cy (e.g.,
each R.sup.A), is independently selected from:
(1) --C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.1, wherein R.sup.1 is independently
C.sub.1-7alkyl as defined in (7); (2) --C(.dbd.O)NR.sup.2R.sup.3,
wherein each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently --H or
C.sub.1-7alkyl as defined in (7); (3) --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.4, wherein
R.sup.4 is independently C.sub.1-7alkyl as defined in (7) or
C.sub.5-20aryl as defined in (8);
(4) --F, --Cl, --Br, --I;
(5) --OH;
[0203] (6) --OR.sup.5, wherein R.sup.5 is independently
C.sub.1-7alkyl as defined in (7) or C.sub.5-20aryl as defined in
(8); (7) C.sub.1-7alkyl, including substituted C.sub.1-7alkyl,
e.g., [0204] halo-C.sub.1-7alkyl; [0205] amino-C.sub.1-7alkyl
(e.g., --(CH.sub.2).sub.w-amino); [0206] carboxy-C.sub.1-7alkyl
(e.g., --(CH.sub.2).sub.w--COOH); [0207] hydroxy-C.sub.1-7alkyl
(e.g., --(CH.sub.2).sub.w--OH); [0208]
C.sub.1-7alkoxy-C.sub.1-7alkyl (e.g.,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.w--O--C.sub.1-7alkyl); [0209]
C.sub.5-20aryl-C.sub.1-7alkyl; [0210] wherein w is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
(8) C.sub.5-20aryl, including substituted C.sub.5-20aryl; (9)
--SO.sub.2R.sup.7, wherein R.sup.7 is independently C.sub.1-7alkyl
as defined in (7) or C.sub.5-20aryl as defined in (8); (10)
--SO.sub.2NR.sup.8R.sup.9, wherein each of R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 is
independently --H or C.sub.1-7alkyl as defined in (7); (11)
--NR.sup.10R.sup.11, wherein each of R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is
independently --H or C.sub.1-7 alkyl as defined in (7); (12)
morpholino; (13) nitro; (14) cyano.
[0211] In one embodiment, each of the substituents on Cy (e.g.,
each R.sup.A), is independently selected from:
(1) --C(.dbd.O)OMe, --C(.dbd.O)OEt, --C(.dbd.O)O(Pr),
--C(.dbd.O)O(iPr), --C(.dbd.O)O(nBu), --C(.dbd.O)O(sBu),
--C(.dbd.O)O(iBu), --C(.dbd.O)O(tBu), --C(.dbd.O)O(nPe);
--C(.dbd.O)OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH, --C(.dbd.O)OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OMe,
--C(.dbd.O)OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OEt;
(2) --(C.dbd.O)NH.sub.2, --(C.dbd.O)NMe.sub.2,
--(C.dbd.O)NEt.sub.2, --(C.dbd.O)N(iPr).sub.2,
--(C.dbd.O)N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH).sub.2;
(3) --(C.dbd.O)Me, --(C.dbd.O)Et, --(C.dbd.O)-cHex,
--(C.dbd.O)Ph;
(4) --F, --Cl, --Br, --I;
(5) --OH;
(6) --OMe, --OEt, --O(iPr), --O(tBu), --OPh; --OCF.sub.3,
--OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3;
--OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH, --OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OMe,
--OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OEt;
--OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2, --OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2NMe.sub.2,
--OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2N(iPr).sub.2;
--OPh, --OPh-Me, --OPh-OH, --OPh-OMe, O-Ph-F, --OPh-Cl, --OPh-Br,
--OPh-I;
[0212] (7)-Me, -Et, -nPr, -iPr, -nBu, -iBu, -sBu, -tBu, -nPe;
--CF.sub.3, --CH.sub.2CF.sub.3;
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OMe,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OEt;
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NMe.sub.2,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2N(iPr).sub.2;
--CH.sub.2-Ph;
(8) -Ph, -Ph-Me, -Ph-OH, -Ph-OMe, -Ph-F, -Ph-Cl, -Ph-Br, -Ph-I;
(9) --SO.sub.2Me, --SO.sub.2Et, --SO.sub.2Ph;
(10) --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, --SO.sub.2NMe.sub.2,
--SO.sub.2NEt.sub.2;
(11) --NMe.sub.2, --NEt.sub.2;
[0213] (12) morpholino;
(13) --NO.sub.2;
(14) --CN.
[0214] In one embodiment, each of the substituents on Cy (e.g.,
each R.sup.A), is independently selected from:
--C(.dbd.O)OMe, --C(.dbd.O)O(Pr), --C(.dbd.O)NHMe, --C(.dbd.O)Et,
C(.dbd.O)Ph,
--OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH, --OMe, --OPh,
[0215] -nPr, iPr, --CF.sub.3, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NMe.sub.2,
-Ph, -Ph-F, -Ph-Ci,
--SO.sub.2Me, --SO.sub.2Me.sub.2, --NMe.sub.2,
--F, --Cl, -Me, -Et, --OMe, --OEt, --CH.sub.2-Ph,
--O--CH.sub.2-Ph.
[0216] In one embodiment, each of the substituents on Cy (e.g.,
each R.sup.A), is independently selected from:
--F, --Cl, -Me, -Et, --OMe, --OEt, -Ph, --OPh, --CH.sub.2-Ph,
--O--CH.sub.2-Ph.
[0217] Examples of some preferred substituents on Cy (e.g.,
R.sup.A), include, but are not limited to, the following: fluoro,
chloro, bromo, iodo, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, cyano,
trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy,
trifluoromethoxy, phenoxy, methylthio, trifluoromethylthio,
hydroxymethyl, amino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, morpholino,
amido (unsubstituted, i.e., --CONH.sub.2), acetamido, acetyl,
nitro, sulfonamide (unsubstituted, --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2), and
phenyl.
The Cyclyl Leader Group, Q.sup.1
[0218] In one embodiment, C.sup.1 is independently: [0219] a
covalent bond; or [0220] a cyclyl leader group; [0221] and is
optionally substituted.
[0222] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently: [0223] a
covalent bond.
[0224] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently: [0225] a cyclyl
leader group; [0226] and is optionally substituted.
[0227] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently: [0228] a
covalent bond; [0229] C.sub.1-7alkylene; or [0230]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-X--C.sub.1-7alkylene, --X--C.sub.1-7alkylene, or
C.sub.1-7alkylene-X--; [0231] wherein X is --O-- or --S--; [0232]
and is optionally substituted.
[0233] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently: [0234] a
covalent bond; or [0235] a C.sub.1-7alkylene group; [0236] and is
optionally substituted.
[0237] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently: [0238] a
C.sub.1-7alkylene group; [0239] and is optionally substituted.
[0240] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently: [0241]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-X--C.sub.1-4alkylene, --X--C.sub.1-7alkylene, or
C.sub.1-7alkylene-X--; [0242] wherein X is --O-- or --S--; [0243]
and is optionally substituted.
[0244] In one embodiment, in the above alkylene groups, each
alkylene group is independently:
(a) a saturated C.sub.1-7alkylene group; or: (b) a partially
unsaturated C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or: (c) an aliphatic
C.sub.1-7alkylene group; or: (d) a linear C.sub.1-7alkylene group;
or: (e) a branched C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or: (f) a saturated
aliphatic C.sub.1-7alkylene group; or: (g) a saturated linear
C.sub.1-7alkylene group; or: (h) a saturated branched
C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or: (i) a partially unsaturated aliphatic
C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or: (j) a partially unsaturated linear
C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or; (k) a partially unsaturated branched
C.sub.2-7alkylene group; and is optionally substituted.
[0245] In one embodiment, the above alkylene groups have a maximum
number of carbon atoms of 4, e.g., C.sub.1-4alkylene,
C.sub.2-4alkylene.
[0246] In one embodiment, the above alkylene groups have a maximum
number of carbon atoms of 3, e.g., C.sub.1-3alkylene,
C.sub.2-3alkylene.
[0247] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is selected so that the N-1 atom
of the piperazin-1,4-diyl group is not connected to a carbon atom
which is connected to another carbon atom via a non-aromatic
carbon-carbon double bond (i.e., C.dbd.C). That is, the N-1 atom of
the piperazin-1,4-diyl group is not adjacent to a non-aromatic
carbon-carbon double bond (i.e., C.dbd.C). In this way, groups such
as --CH.dbd.CH-- and --CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH-- are excluded from
Q.sup.1, but groups such as --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2-- are not.
Additional embodiments include other embodiments described herein
(e.g., those described above) further limited by this restriction
upon Q.sup.1.
The Cyclyl Leader Group, Q.sup.1: Covalent Bond
[0248] In one embodiment: [0249] Q.sup.1 is independently a
covalent bond; [0250] J.sup.1 is independently a covalent bond;
[0251] J.sup.2 is independently --C(.dbd.O)--.
[0252] In one embodiment: [0253] Q.sup.1 is independently a
covalent bond; [0254] J.sup.1 is independently --C(.dbd.O)--;
[0255] J.sup.2 is independently --C(.dbd.O)--.
[0256] In one embodiment: [0257] Q.sup.1 is independently a
covalent bond; [0258] J.sup.1 is independently a covalent bond;
[0259] J.sup.2 is independently --S(.dbd.O).sub.2--.
[0260] In one embodiment: [0261] Q.sup.1 is independently a
covalent bond; [0262] J.sup.1 is independently --C(.dbd.O)--;
[0263] J.sup.2 is independently --S(.dbd.O).sub.2--.
The Cyclyl Leader Group, Q.sup.1: Backbone Length
[0264] The group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a backbone length, as
determined by the number of chain atoms in the shortest continuous
chain of atoms linking the relevant Cy group and the N-1 atom of
the piperazin-1,4-diyl group.
[0265] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of:
from 1 to 7 atoms; from 1 to 6 atoms; from 1 to 5 atoms; from 1 to
4 atoms; or, from 1 to 3 atoms.
[0266] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of at least 2 atoms. In this way, groups such as methylene
(--CH.sub.2--) and substituted methylene (--CR.sub.2-- and --CHR--)
are excluded.
[0267] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of at least 3 atoms.
[0268] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of at least 4 atoms.
[0269] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of at least 5 atoms.
[0270] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of:
from 2 to 7 atoms; from 2 to 6 atoms; or, from 2 to 5 atoms.
[0271] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of:
from 3 to 7 atoms; from 3 to 6 atoms; or, from 3 to 5 atoms.
[0272] In one embodiment, the group J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a backbone
of:
from 4 to 7 atoms; from 4 to 6 atoms; or, from 4 to 5 atoms.
[0273] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of 1 atom.
[0274] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of 2 atoms.
[0275] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of 3 atoms.
[0276] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of 4 atoms.
[0277] In one embodiment, the group -J.sup.1-Q.sup.1- has a
backbone of 5 atoms.
[0278] In one embodiment, the backbone of "atoms" is a backbone of
"carbon atoms."
[0279] Note that, for embodiments which are characterised by, or
further characterised by, a backbone length limitation,
corresponding changes in the description of that embodiment may be
implicit. For example, for an embodiment wherein (a) Q.sup.1 is a
partially unsaturated C.sub.2-7alkylene group and (b) Q.sup.1 has a
backbone of 4 carbon atoms, the term "C.sub.2-7alkylene" group is
necessarily, and implicitly, interpreted as
"C.sub.4-7alkylene."
The Cyclyl Leader Group, Q.sup.1: Substituents
[0280] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1, if other than a covalent bond,
is unsubstituted.
[0281] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1, if other than a covalent bond,
is optionally substituted.
[0282] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1, if other than a covalent bond,
is substituted.
[0283] Examples of substituents on Q.sup.1 include, but are not
limited to, those described under the heading "Substituents"
below.
[0284] In one embodiment, substituents on Q.sup.1, if present, are
as defined under the heading "The Cyclyl Group, Cy: Optionally
Substituted Phenyl: Substituents."
[0285] In one embodiment, substituents on Q.sup.1, if present, are
independently: halo, hydroxy, ether (e.g., C.sub.1-7alkoxy),
C.sub.5-20aryl, acyl, amino, amido, acylamido, or oxo.
[0286] In one embodiment, substituents on Q.sup.1, if present, are
independently: --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --OH, --OMe, --OEt, --OPr,
-Ph, --NH.sub.2, --CONH.sub.2, or .dbd.O.
[0287] In one embodiment, substituents on Q.sup.1, if present, are
independently --OH or -Ph.
[0288] In one embodiment, substituents on Q.sup.1, if present, are
independently -Ph.
[0289] For example, in one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is unsubstituted
methylene, and is --CH.sub.2--; in one embodiment, Q.sup.1 phenyl
(-Ph) substituted methylene, and is --CH(Ph)--.
[0290] For example, in one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is unsubstituted
ethylene, and is --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--; in one embodiment, Q.sup.1
is oxo (.dbd.O) substituted ethylene, and is
--C(.dbd.O)--CH.sub.2--; in one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is hydroxy
(--OH) substituted ethylene, and is --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2--; in one
embodiment, Q.sup.1 is phenyl (-Ph) substituted ethylene, and is
--CH.sub.2CH(Ph)--.
[0291] Again, for the avoidance of doubt, it is intended that, if
there is a --C(.dbd.O)-- group immediately adjacent to the N-1 atom
of the piperazin-1-4-diyl group, then that --C(.dbd.O)-- group must
be assigned as J.sup.1 (that is, J.sup.1 is --(C.dbd.O)--) and not
as part of Q.sup.1 (e.g., as part of an oxo-substituted Q.sup.1
group). For example, if the Cy-Q.sup.1-J.sup.1- group is
Ph-CH.sub.2--C(.dbd.O)--, then Cy is Ph-, Q.sup.1 is --CH.sub.2--,
and J.sup.1 is --C(.dbd.O)--.
The Cyclyl Leader Group, Q.sup.1: Alkylene: Certain Embodiments
[0292] Note that, for embodiments excluding, e.g., a covalent bond,
certain backbone lengths, absence of adjacent carbon-carbon double
bonds, etc., it is to be understood that the corresponding species
fisted below are similarly excluded from the respective embodiments
discussed below.
[0293] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently selected from
the following: [0294] a covalent bond; [0295] --CH.sub.2--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.5--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.6--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.7--;
[0296] --CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0297] --CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0298] --CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--;
[0299] --CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0300]
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(C.sub.1-13)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--,
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0301]
--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)--; [0302] --CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)--; [0303]
--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)--; [0304]
--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)--; [0305]
--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(C.sub.1-12CH.sub.3)--; [0306]
--CH.dbd.CH--; [0307] --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--;
[0308] --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--;
[0309] --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; [0310]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; [0311]
--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--; [0312]
--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CHCH.sub.2--, --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.OHCH(CH.sub.3)--: [0313] --CH(CH.sub.3)CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.sub.2--O--(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--, --CH.sub.2OH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--;
[0314] --CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--; [0315]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; [0316]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--; [0317]
--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CHCH.dbd.OH--, --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHC(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--;
[0318] --C.ident.C--; [0319] --C.ident.CCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2C.ident.C--; --C.ident.CCH(CH.sub.3)--,
--CH(CH.sub.3)C.ident.C--; [0320] --C.ident.CCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2C.ident.CCH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C.ident.C--;
[0321] --C.ident.CCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--C.ident.CCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0322]
--CH(CH.sub.3)C.ident.CCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2C.ident.CCH(CH.sub.3)--; [0323]
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2C.ident.C--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)C.ident.C--; [0324] --C.ident.CCH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHC.ident.C--, --C.ident.CC.ident.C--; [0325]
--C.ident.CCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C.ident.C--; [0326]
--C.ident.CCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C.ident.C--; [0327]
--C.ident.CCH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.CHC.ident.C--CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CHC.ident.C--; [0328]
--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CHC.ident.C--, --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.2)C.ident.C--,
--C.ident.CC(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--,
--C.ident.CCH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--.
[0329] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is selected from: [0330] a
covalent bond; [0331] --CH.sub.2--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.6--; [0332]
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0333]
--CH.dbd.CH--; [0334] --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.C(Me)CH.sub.2--; [0335] --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--; [0336]
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; [0337]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; [0338]
--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHC(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--;
[0339] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is selected from: [0340] a
covalent bond; [0341] --CH.sub.2--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5--,
[0342] --CH.dbd.CH--; [0343] --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.C(Me)CH.sub.2--; [0344] --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--; [0345]
--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHC(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--;
[0346] --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--.
[0347] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently selected from:
[0348] a covalent bond; [0349] --CH.sub.2--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5--;
[0350] --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--; [0351] --CH.dbd.C(Me)CH.sub.2--; and,
[0352] --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--.
[0353] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently selected from:
[0354] a covalent bond; [0355] --CH.sub.2--; [0356]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0357] --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0358]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--; [0359] --CH.dbd.C(Me)CH.sub.2--; and, [0360]
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--.
[0361] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently selected from:
[0362] a covalent bond; [0363] --CH.sub.2--; [0364] --CH(*Ph)--;
[0365] --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0366] --CH(*Ph)CH.sub.2--; [0367]
--CH.sub.2CH(*Ph)--; [0368] --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0369]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--; [0370] --CH.dbd.C(Me)CH.sub.2--; and, [0371]
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--; wherein * indicates that the
group (e.g., Ph) is optionally substituted with one or more
substituents as defined above under the heading "The Cyclyl Group,
Cy: Optionally Substituted Phenyl Substituents."
The Cyclyl Leader Group, Q.sup.1: Ethers and Thioethers: Certain
Embodiments
[0372] Note that, for embodiments excluding, e.g., a covalent bond,
certain backbone lengths, absence of adjacent carbon-carbon double
bonds, etc., it is to be understood that the corresponding species
listed below are similarly excluded from the respective embodiments
discussed below.
[0373] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently selected from
the following: [0374] --(CH.sub.2).sub.a--X--(CH.sub.2).sub.b--
[0375] wherein X is --O-- or --S-- and [0376] a and b are each
independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7; [0377] and a+b is at least
1.
[0378] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently selected from
the following: [0379] --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.a-- [0380]
--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.a-- [0381] --(CH.sub.2).sub.a--O-- [0382]
--(CH.sub.2).sub.aS-- [0383]
--(CH.sub.2).sub.a--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.b-- [0384]
--(CH.sub.2).sub.a--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.b-- [0385] wherein a and b
are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.
[0386] In one embodiment, Q.sup.1 is independently selected from
the following: [0387] --O--CH.sub.2--; --O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--;
--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0388] --S--CH.sub.2--;
--S--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; --S--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0389]
--CH.sub.2--O--; --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--;
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--; [0390] --CH.sub.2--S--;
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--S--; --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--S--; [0391]
--CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--; --CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--;
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--; and [0392]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--.
The Group -Q.sup.1-J.sup.1-: Certain Embodiments
[0393] In one embodiment, the group -Q.sup.1-J.sup.1- has a formula
selected from: [0394] --CH.sub.2--; [0395] --CH(*Ph)--; [0396]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0397] --CH.sub.2CH(*Ph)--; [0398]
--CH(*Ph)CH.sub.2--; [0399] --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0400]
--C(.dbd.O)--; [0401] --CH.sub.2--C(.dbd.O)--; [0402]
--CH(*Ph)-C(.dbd.O)--; [0403] --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--C(.dbd.O)--;
[0404] --O--CH.sub.2--; [0405] --O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0406]
--CH.sub.2--O--; [0407] --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--; and, [0408]
--O--CH.sub.2--C(.dbd.O)--. wherein * indicates that the group
(e.g., Ph) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents
as defined above under the heading "The Cyclyl Group, Cy:
Optionally Substituted Phenyl Substituents."
The Group Cy-Q.sup.1-: Certain Embodiments
[0409] In one embodiment, the group Cy-Q.sup.1- has a formula
selected from: [0410] *Ph-; [0411] *Ph-CH.sub.2--; [0412]
(*Ph).sub.2CH--; [0413] *Ph-CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0414]
(*Ph).sub.2-CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0415] *Ph-CH.sub.2CH(*Ph)--;
[0416] *Ph-CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0417]
*Ph-CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--; [0418] *Ph-CH.dbd.C(Me)CH.sub.2--; [0419]
*Ph-CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--; [0420]
(*pyrid-3-yl)-CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--; and, [0421]
(*cyclohexyl)-CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; wherein * indicates that the
group (e.g., Ph, pyrid-3-yl, cyclohexyl) is optionally substituted
with one or more substituents as defined above under the heading
"The Cyclyl Group, Cy: Optionally Substituted Phenyl:
Substituents."
[0422] In one embodiment, * indicates that the group (e.g., Ph,
pyrid-3-yl, cyclohexyl) is optionally substituted with one or more
of: --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --OH, --OMe, --OEt, --OPr, -Ph,
--NH.sub.2, and --CONH.sub.2.
The Acid Leader Group, Q.sup.2
[0423] The acid leader group, Q.sup.2, is independently: [0424]
C.sub.4-8alkylene; [0425] and is optionally substituted; [0426] and
has a backbone length of at least 4 atoms; or: [0427]
C.sub.5-20arylene; [0428] C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene;
[0429] C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene; or, [0430]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0431] and
is optionally substituted; [0432] and has a backbone length of at
least 4 atoms.
[0433] In one embodiment, the acid leader group, Q.sup.2, is
independently: [0434] C.sub.4-8alkylene; [0435] and is optionally
substituted; [0436] and has a backbone length of at least 4
atoms.
[0437] In one embodiment, the acid leader group, Q.sup.2, is
independently: [0438] C.sub.5-20arylene; [0439]
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0440]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene; [0441]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; or, [0442]
and is optionally substituted; [0443] and has a backbone length of
at least 4 atoms.
The Acid Leader Group, Q.sup.2: Backbone Length
[0444] The acid leader group, Q.sup.2, has a backbone length, as
determined by the number of chain atoms in the shortest continuous
chain of atoms linking the N-4 atom of the piperazin-1,4-diyl group
and the carbamic acid group, --C(.dbd.O)NHOH.
[0445] If Q.sup.2 is alkylene, Q.sup.2 necessarily has a backbone
of at least 1 atom. Some examples are shown below.
##STR00036##
[0446] If Q.sup.2 is arylene, arylene-alkylene, alkylene-arylene,
alkylene-arylene-alkylene,
Q.sup.2 necessarily has a backbone of at least 2 atoms. Some
examples are shown below.
##STR00037##
[0447] Without wishing to be bound to any particular theory, it is
believed that Q.sup.2 groups with shorter backbone lengths prevent
or reduce the interaction of the carbamic acid group
(--C(.dbd.O)NHOH) with HDAC (or its complexes), and thereby reduce
the compound's activity as an HDAC inhibitor.
[0448] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of at least 4
atoms.
[0449] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of at least 5
atoms.
[0450] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of at least 6
atoms.
[0451] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of:
from 4 to 8 atoms; from 4 to 7 atoms; from 4 to 6 atoms; or, from 4
to 5 atoms.
[0452] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of:
from 5 to 8 atoms; or from 5 to 7 atoms; or from 5 to 6 atoms.
[0453] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of from 5 to 6
atoms.
[0454] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of 4 atoms.
[0455] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of 5 atoms.
[0456] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of 6 atoms.
[0457] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of 7 atoms.
[0458] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has a backbone of 8 atoms.
[0459] In one embodiment, the backbone of "atoms" s'' is a backbone
of "carbon atoms."
[0460] Note that, for embodiments which are characterised by, or
further characterised by, a backbone length limitation,
corresponding changes in the description of that embodiment may be
implicit. For example, for an embodiment wherein (a) Q.sup.2 is a
partially unsaturated C.sub.2-8alkylene group and (b) Q.sup.2 has a
backbone of 4 carbon atoms, the term "C.sub.2-8alkylene" group is
necessarily, and implicitly, interpreted as
"C.sub.4-8alkylene."
The Acid Leader Group, Q.sup.2: Substitution
[0461] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is unsubstituted.
[0462] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is optionally substituted.
[0463] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is substituted.
[0464] The backbone atoms of the acid leader group, Q.sup.2, which
link J and the carbamic acid group (--C(.dbd.O)NHOH), are denoted
.alpha., .beta., .gamma., .delta., etc., starting with the backbone
atom adjacent to the carbamic acid group. Some examples are
illustrated below.
##STR00038##
[0465] Without wishing to be bound to any particular theory, it is
believed that groups (e.g., substituents), particularly bulky
groups (e.g., substituents), at the .alpha.-position, or at either
or both of the .alpha.- and .beta.-positions, prevent or reduce the
interaction of the carbamic acid group (--C(.dbd.O)NHOH) with HDAC
(or its complexes), and thereby reduce the compound's activity as
an HDAC inhibitor.
[0466] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is, additionally, unsubstituted
at the .alpha.-position.
[0467] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is, additionally, unsubstituted
at the .alpha.-position and unsubstituted at the
.beta.-position.
[0468] Note that, in some embodiments, Q.sup.2 may have a
non-linear alkylene group (for example, a branched alkylene)
adjacent to the carbamic acid group. An example, wherein Q.sup.2 is
a branched saturated C.sub.6-alkylene, having a methyl group at the
.alpha.-position, is shown below. Although there is a group (i.e.,
a methyl group) at the .alpha.-position, such compounds are
unsubstituted at the .alpha.-position, because the .alpha.-methyl
group itself is considered to be part of the unsubstituted Q.sup.2.
Another example, wherein Q.sup.2 is a branched saturated
C.sub.6-alkylene, having an amino group at the .alpha.-position and
a methyl group at the .beta.-position, is shown below; such
compounds are .alpha.-substituted, .beta.-unsubstituted.
##STR00039##
[0469] In one embodiment, in which Q.sup.2 is a group as defined
herein (e.g., C.sub.4-8alkylene,
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene,
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene) having an
alkylene group adjacent to the carbamic acid group, Q.sup.2 is,
additionally, unsubstituted at the .alpha.-position.
[0470] In one embodiment, in which Q.sup.2 is a group as defined
herein (e.g., C.sub.4-8alkylene,
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene,
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene) having an
alkylene group adjacent to the carbamic acid group, that adjacent
alkylene group has a --CH.sub.2-- or .dbd.CH-- group adjacent to
the carbamic acid group (that is, at the .alpha.-position).
[0471] In one embodiment, in which Q.sup.2 is a group as defined
herein (e.g., C.sub.4-8 alkylene,
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene,
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene) having an
alkylene group adjacent to the carbarnic acid group, that adjacent
alkylene group has a --CH.sub.2-- group adjacent to the carbamic
acid group (that is, at the .alpha.-position).
[0472] In one embodiment, in which Q.sup.2 is a group as defined
herein (e.g., C.sub.4-8alkylene,
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene,
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene) having an
alkylene group adjacent to the carbamic acid group, that adjacent
alkylene group has a --CH.sub.2-- group adjacent to the carbamic
acid group (that is, at the .alpha.-position).
[0473] In one embodiment, in which Q.sup.2 is a group as defined
herein (e.g., C.sub.4-8alkylene,
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene,
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene) having an
alkylene group adjacent to the carbamic acid group, Q.sup.2 is,
additionally, unsubstituted at the .alpha.-position and
unsubstituted at the .beta.-position.
[0474] In one embodiment, in which Q.sup.2 is a group as defined
herein (e.g., C.sub.4-8alkylene,
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene,
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene) having an
alkylene group adjacent to the carbamic acid group, that adjacent
alkylene group has a --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, --CH.dbd.CH--, or
--C.ident.C-- group adjacent to the carbamic acid group (that is,
at the .alpha.,.beta.-position).
[0475] in one embodiment, in which Q.sup.2 is a group as defined
herein (e.g., C.sub.4-8alkylene,
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene,
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene) having an
alkylene group adjacent to the carbamic acid group, that adjacent
alkylene group has a --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- or --CH.dbd.CH-- group
adjacent to the carbamic acid group (that is, at the
.alpha.,.beta.-position).
[0476] In one embodiment, in which Q.sup.2 is a group as defined
herein (e.g., C.sub.4-8alkylene,
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene,
C.sub.1-7alkylerie-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene) having an
alkylene group adjacent to the carbamic acid group, that adjacent
alkylene group has a --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- group adjacent to the
carbamic acid group (that is, at the .alpha.,.beta.-position).
[0477] In one embodiment, in which Q.sup.2 is a group as defined
herein (e.g., C.sub.4-8alkylene,
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene,
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene) having an
alkylene group adjacent to the carbamic acid group, that adjacent
alkylene group has a --CH.dbd.CH-- group adjacent to the carbamic
acid group (that is, at the .alpha.,.beta.-position).
[0478] Examples of substituents on Q.sup.2 include, but are not
limited to, those described under the heading "Substituents"
below.
[0479] In one embodiment, the optional substituents on Q.sup.2 are
as defined under the heading "The Cyclyl Group, Cy: Optionally
Substituted Phenyl: Substituents."
The Acid Leader Group, Q.sup.2: Alkylene
[0480] In one embodiment, the acid leader group, Q.sup.2, is
C.sub.4-8alkylene, and is optionally substituted, and has a
backbone length of at least 4 atoms.
[0481] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a saturated
C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0482] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a partially
unsaturated C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0483] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently an aliphatic
C.sub.4-8alkylene group
[0484] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a linear
C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0485] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a branched
C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0486] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently an alicyclic
C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0487] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a saturated
aliphatic C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0488] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a saturated
linear C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0489] in one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a saturated
branched C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0490] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a saturated
alicyclic C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0491] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a partially
unsaturated aliphatic C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0492] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a partially
unsaturated linear C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0493] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a partially
unsaturated branched C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0494] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently a partially
unsaturated alicyclic C.sub.4-8alkylene group.
[0495] Note that, for embodiments excluding, e.g., certain backbone
lengths, absence of adjacent carbon-carbon double bonds, etc., it
is to be understood that the corresponding species listed below are
similarly excluded from the respective embodiments discussed
below.
[0496] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently selected from:
[0497] --(CH.sub.2).sub.4--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.6--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.7--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.8--;
[0498] --CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0499]
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--,
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0500]
--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)--; [0501]
--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)--; [0502]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; [0503]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; [0504]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; [0505]
--CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--; [0506] --CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--;
[0507] --CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--; [0508]
--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHC(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--;
[0509] --C.ident.CCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2C.ident.CCH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C.ident.C--;
[0510] --C.ident.CCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CF.ident.CCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0511]
--CH(CH.sub.3)C.ident.CCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2C.ident.CCH(CH.sub.3)--; [0512]
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2C.ident.C--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)C.ident.C--; [0513] --C.ident.CCH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHC.ident.C--, --C.ident.CC.ident.C--; [0514]
--C.ident.CCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C.ident.C--; [0515]
--C.ident.CCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C.ident.C--; [0516]
--C.ident.CCH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.CHC.ident.C--CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CHC.ident.C--; [0517]
--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CHC.ident.C--, --CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)C.ident.C--,
--C.ident.CC(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--, --C.ident.CCH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--;
[0518] cyclopentylene cyclopentenylene; [0519] cyclohexylene,
cyclohexenylene, cyclohexadienylene;
##STR00040##
[0520] In one preferred embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently
selected from: [0521] --(CH.sub.2).sub.5--; [0522]
--(CH.sub.2).sub.6--; [0523] --(CH.sub.2).sub.7--; [0524]
--(CH.sub.2).sub.6--; [0525]
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0526]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0527]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0528]
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0529]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; [0530]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--;
##STR00041##
[0531] In one preferred embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently
selected from: [0532] --(CH.sub.2).sub.5--; [0533]
--(CH.sub.2).sub.6--; [0534] --(CH.sub.2).sub.7--; [0535]
--(CH.sub.2).sub.8--; [0536]
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--; [0537]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)--; [0538]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--; and, [0539]
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH--.
[0540] In one preferred embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently
selected from: [0541] --(CH.sub.2).sub.5--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.6--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.7--, and --(CH.sub.2).sub.8--.
The Acid Leader Group, Q.sup.2: Arylene
[0542] In one embodiment, the acid leader group, Q.sup.2, is
independently: [0543] C.sub.5-20arylene (denoted --Ar--), [0544]
and is optionally substituted, [0545] and has a backbone length of
at least 4 atoms.
[0546] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is C.sub.5-20arylene; and is
optionally substituted.
[0547] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is C.sub.5-6arylene; and is
optionally substituted.
[0548] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is phenylene; and is optionally
substituted.
[0549] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 additionally has a backbone
length as described above under the heading "The Acid Leader Group,
Q.sup.2: Backbone Length."
The Acid Leader Group, Q.sup.2:
Alkylene-Arylene, Arylene-Alkylene, and
Alkylene-Arylene-Alkylene
[0550] In one preferred embodiment, the acid leader group, Q.sup.2,
is independently: [0551] C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene;
[0552] C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene; or, [0553]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0554] and
is optionally substituted; [0555] and has a backbone length of at
least 4 atoms.
[0556] In one preferred embodiment, the acid leader group, Q.sup.2,
is independently: [0557] C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene;
[0558] and is optionally substituted; [0559] and has a backbone
length of at least 4 atoms.
[0560] In one preferred embodiment, the acid leader group, Q.sup.2,
is independently: [0561] C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene; or,
[0562] and is optionally substituted; [0563] and has a backbone
length of at least 4 atoms.
[0564] In one preferred embodiment, the acid leader group, Q.sup.2,
is independently: [0565]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0566] and
is optionally substituted; [0567] and has a backbone length of at
least 4 atoms.
[0568] In one preferred embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently:
[0569] C.sub.5-6arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0570]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-6arylene; or, [0571]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-6arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0572] and is
optionally substituted; [0573] and has a backbone length of at
least 4 atoms.
[0574] In one preferred embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently:
[0575] phenylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0576]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-phenylene; or, [0577]
C.sub.1-7alkylene-phenylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; [0578] and is
optionally substituted; [0579] and has a backbone length of at
least 4 atoms.
[0580] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene; and is optionally
substituted.
[0581] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-6arylene; and is optionally
substituted.
[0582] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently
C.sub.1-7alkylene-phenylene; and is optionally substituted.
[0583] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is
C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; and is optionally
substituted.
[0584] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is
C.sub.5-6arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; and is optionally
substituted.
[0585] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently
phenylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; and is optionally substituted.
[0586] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-20arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; and is
optionally substituted.
[0587] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is
C.sub.1-7alkylene-C.sub.5-6arylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; and is
optionally substituted.
[0588] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently
C.sub.1-7alkylene-phenylene-C.sub.1-7alkylene; and is optionally
substituted.
[0589] In the above arylene-alkylene (denoted --Ar--R.sup.Q22--),
alkylene-arylene (denoted --R.sup.Q21--Ar--), and
alkylene-arylene-alkylene (denoted --R.sup.Q21--Ar--R.sup.Q22)
groups, each of R.sup.Q21 and R.sup.Q22 is independently
C.sub.1-7alkylene.
[0590] In one embodiment, in the above arylene-alkylene,
alkylene-arylene, and alkylene-arylene-alkylene groups, each
alkylene group is independently:
(a) a saturated C.sub.1-7alkylene group; or: (b) a partially
unsaturated C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or: (c) an aliphatic
C.sub.1-7alkylene group; or: (d) a linear C.sub.1-7alkylene group;
or: (e) a branched C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or: (f) a saturated
aliphatic C.sub.1-7alkylene group; or: (g) a saturated linear
C.sub.1-7alkylene group; or: (h) a saturated branched
C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or: (i) a partially unsaturated aliphatic
C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or: (j) a partially unsaturated linear
C.sub.2-7alkylene group; or: (k) a partially unsaturated branched
C.sub.2-7alkylene group; and is optionally substituted.
[0591] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 additionally has a backbone
length as described above under the heading "The Acid Leader Group,
Q.sup.2: Backbone Length."
Alkylene Groups R.sup.Q21 and R.sup.Q22: Certain Embodiments
[0592] Note that, for embodiments excluding, e.g., certain backbone
lengths, absence of adjacent carbon-carbon double bonds, etc., it
is to be understood that the corresponding species listed below are
similarly excluded from the respective embodiments discussed
below.
[0593] In one embodiment, each of R.sup.Q21 and R.sup.Q22 is
independently as defined for Q.sup.1 under the heading "The Cyclyl
Leader Group, Q.sup.1: Alkylene: Certain Embodiments."
[0594] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q21 is independently selected from:
[0595] --CH.sub.2--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.4--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.6--,
[0596] --CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--; and, [0597]
--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--.
[0598] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q21 is independently selected from:
[0599] --CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, and
--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--.
[0600] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q21 is independently selected from:
[0601] --CH.sub.2-- and, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
[0602] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q21 is independently
--CH.sub.2--.
[0603] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q21 is independently
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--.
[0604] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q21 is independently
--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--.
[0605] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q21 is independently cis
--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--.
[0606] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q21 is independently trans
--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--.
[0607] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q22 is independently selected from:
[0608] --CH.sub.2--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.4--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.6--;
[0609] --CH.dbd.CH--; [0610] --CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--; [0611]
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--; and, [0612]
--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--.
[0613] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q22 is independently selected from:
[0614] --CH.sub.S, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, --CH.dbd.CH--, and
--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--.
[0615] In one embodiment, R.sup.Q22 is independently selected from:
[0616] --CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, and --CH.dbd.CH--.
The Acid Leader Group, Q.sup.2: Certain Phenylene-Containing
Embodiments
[0617] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently: [0618]
phenylene; [0619] and is optionally substituted; [0620] and has a
backbone length of at least 4 atoms.
[0621] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently: [0622]
methylene-phenylene; [0623] ethylene-phenylene; [0624] and is
optionally substituted; [0625] and has a backbone length of at
least 4 atoms.
[0626] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently: [0627]
phenylene-methylene; [0628] phenylene-ethylene; or, [0629]
phenylene-ethenylene (also known as phenylene-vinylene); [0630] and
is optionally substituted; [0631] and has a backbone length of at
least 4 atoms.
[0632] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 is independently: [0633]
methylene-phenylene-methylene; [0634] methylene-phenylene-ethylene;
[0635] methylene-phenylene-ethenylene; [0636]
ethylene-phenylene-methylene; [0637] ethylene-phenylene-ethylene;
[0638] ethylene-phenylene-ethenylene; [0639] and is optionally
substituted; [0640] and has a backbone length of at least 4
atoms.
[0641] In the above phenylene, phenylene-alkylene,
alkylene-phenylene, and alkylene-phenylene-alkylene groups, the
phenylene linkage may be ortho (i.e., 1,2-), meta (i.e., 1,3-), or
pare (i.e., 1,4-), and the phenylene group is optionally
substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents, R.sup.B:
##STR00042##
[0642] In one embodiment, the phenylene linkage is meta or
para.
[0643] In one embodiment, the phenylene linkage is meta.
[0644] In one embodiment, the phenylene linkage is para.
[0645] In one embodiment, m is an integer from 0 to 4.
[0646] In one embodiment, m is an integer from 0 to 3.
[0647] In one embodiment, m is an integer from 0 to 2.
[0648] In one embodiment, m is 0 or 1.
[0649] In one embodiment, m is an integer from 1 to 4.
[0650] In one embodiment, m is an integer from 1 to 3.
[0651] In one embodiment, m is 1 or 2.
[0652] In one embodiment, m is 4.
[0653] In one embodiment, m is 3.
[0654] In one embodiment, m is 2.
[0655] In one embodiment, m is 1.
[0656] In one embodiment, m is 0.
[0657] In one embodiment, the phenylene group is unsubstituted.
[0658] In one embodiment, the phenylene group is optionally
substituted.
[0659] In one embodiment, the phenylene group is substituted.
[0660] Examples of substituents, R.sup.B, include, but are not
limited to, those described under the heading "Substituents"
below.
[0661] In one embodiment, the substituents R.sup.B, are as defined
under the heading "The Cyclyl Group, Cy: Optionally Substituted
Phenyl: Substituents."
[0662] Examples of preferred substituents, R.sup.B, include, but
are not limited to, the following: fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl,
isopropyl, t-butyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy,
isopropoxy, methylthio, amino, dimethylamino, diethylamino,
morpholino, acetamido, nitro, and phenyl.
[0663] In one embodiment, the compounds have the following formula,
in which Q.sup.2 is para-arylene:
##STR00043##
[0664] In one embodiment, the compounds have the following formula,
in which Q.sup.2 is alkylene-meta/para-arylene:
##STR00044##
[0665] In one embodiment, the compounds have the following formula,
in which Q.sup.2 is arylene-meta/para-alkylene:
##STR00045##
[0666] In one embodiment, the compounds have the following formula,
in which Q.sup.2 is alkylene-arylene-meta/para-alkylene:
##STR00046##
[0667] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "para-phenylene"):
##STR00047##
[0668] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "methylene-mota/para-phenylene"):
##STR00048##
[0669] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "methylene-meta-phenylene"):
##STR00049##
[0670] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
methylene-meta-phenylene"):
##STR00050##
[0671] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "ethylene-metaipara-phenylene"):
##STR00051##
[0672] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "ethylene-meta-phenylene"):
##STR00052##
[0673] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
ethylene-meta-phenylene"):
##STR00053##
[0674] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "phenylene-meta/para-methylene"):
##STR00054##
[0675] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "phenylene-meta-methylene"):
##STR00055##
[0676] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
phenylene-meta-methylene"):
##STR00056##
[0677] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as
"methylene-phenylene-metaipara-methylene"):
##STR00057##
[0678] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "methylene-phenylene-meta-methylene"):
##STR00058##
[0679] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
methylene-phenylene-meta-methylene"):
##STR00059##
[0680] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as
"ethylene-phenylene-meta/para-methylene"):
##STR00060##
[0681] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "ethylene-phenylene-meta-methylene"):
##STR00061##
[0682] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
ethylene-phenylene-meta-methylene"):
##STR00062##
[0683] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "phenylene-meta/para-trans-ethenyiene"):
##STR00063##
[0684] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
phenylene-meta/para-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00064##
[0685] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "phenylene-meta-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00065##
[0686] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
phenylene-meta-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00066##
[0687] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "phenylene-meta/para-ethylene"):
##STR00067##
[0688] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "phenylene-meta-ethylene"):
##STR00068##
[0689] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
phenylene-meta-ethylene"):
##STR00069##
[0690] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as
"methylene-phenylene-metaipara-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00070##
[0691] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
methylene-phenylene-meta/para-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00071##
[0692] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as
"methylene-phenylene-meta-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00072##
[0693] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
methylene-phenylene-meta-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00073##
[0694] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as
"methylene-phenylene-meta/para-ethylene"):
##STR00074##
[0695] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "methylene-phenylene-meta-ethylene"):
##STR00075##
[0696] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
methylene-phenylene-meta-ethylene"):
##STR00076##
[0697] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as
"ethylene-phenylene-metaipara-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00077##
[0698] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as
"ethylene-phenylene-meta-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00078##
[0699] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
ethylene-phenylene-meta-trans-ethenylene"):
##STR00079##
[0700] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as
"ethylene-phenylene-meta/para-ethylene"):
##STR00080##
[0701] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "ethylene-phenylene-meta-ethylene"):
##STR00081##
[0702] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 has the following formula
(referred to herein as "unsubstituted
ethylene-phenylene-meta-ethylene"):
##STR00082##
[0703] In one embodiment, Q.sup.2 additionally has a backbone
length as described above under the heading "The Acid Leader Group,
Q.sup.2: Backbone Length."
Examples of Specific Embodiments
[0704] Some individual embodiments of the present invention include
the following compounds.
TABLE-US-00001 1. ##STR00083## PX117402 (Ex 140) 2. ##STR00084##
PX117403 (Ex 141) 3. ##STR00085## PX117404 (Ex 142) 4. ##STR00086##
PX117764 (Ex 143) 5. ##STR00087## PX117768 (Ex 144) 6. ##STR00088##
PX118490 (Ex 40) 7. ##STR00089## PX118491 (Ex 41) 8. ##STR00090##
PX118791 (Ex 145) 9. ##STR00091## PX118792 (Ex 146) 10.
##STR00092## PX118793 (Ex 147) 11. ##STR00093## PX118794 (Ex 148)
12. ##STR00094## PX118807 (Ex 45) 13. ##STR00095## PX118810 (Ex 42)
14. ##STR00096## PX118811 (Ex 43) 15. ##STR00097## PX118812 (Ex 44)
16. ##STR00098## PX118830 (Ex 149) 17. ##STR00099## PX118831 (Ex
150) 18. ##STR00100## PX118832 (Ex 151) 19. ##STR00101## PX118844
(Ex 163) 20. ##STR00102## PX118845 (Ex 164) 21. ##STR00103##
PX118846 (Ex 152) 22. ##STR00104## PX118847 (Ex 153) 23.
##STR00105## PX118848 (Ex 165) 24. ##STR00106## PX118849 (Ex 154)
25. ##STR00107## PX118850 (Ex 166) 26. ##STR00108## PX118859 (Ex
174) 27. ##STR00109## PX118860 (Ex 175) 28. ##STR00110## PX118870
(Ex 52) 29. ##STR00111## PX118871 (Ex 53) 30. ##STR00112## PX118872
(Ex 54) 31. ##STR00113## PX118873 (Ex 55) 32. ##STR00114## PX118874
(Ex 56) 33. ##STR00115## PX118875 (Ex 57) 34. ##STR00116## PX118876
(Ex 58) 35. ##STR00117## PX118877 (Ex 59) 36. ##STR00118## PX118878
(Ex 60) 37. ##STR00119## PX118882 (Ex 72) 38. ##STR00120## PX118891
(Ex 74) 39. ##STR00121## PX118892 (Ex 75) 40. ##STR00122## PX118893
(Ex 61) 41. ##STR00123## PX118894 (Ex 62) 42. ##STR00124## PX118898
(Ex 176) 43. ##STR00125## PX118899 (Ex 177) 44. ##STR00126##
PX118900 (Ex 178) 45. ##STR00127## PX118901 (Ex 179) 46.
##STR00128## PX118902 (Ex 180) 47. ##STR00129## PX118903 (Ex 181)
48. ##STR00130## PX118904 (Ex 182) 49. ##STR00131## PX118905 (Ex
76) 50. ##STR00132## PX118906 (Ex 77) 51. ##STR00133## PX118907 (Ex
78) 52. ##STR00134## PX118908 (Ex 183) 53. ##STR00135## PX118909
(Ex 184) 54. ##STR00136## PX118910 (Ex 79) 55. ##STR00137##
PX118911 (Ex 80) 56. ##STR00138## PX118913 (Ex 63) 57. ##STR00139##
PX118914 (Ex 64) 58. ##STR00140## PX118918 (Ex 73) 59. ##STR00141##
PX118927 (Ex 155) 60. ##STR00142## PX118928 (Ex 167) 61.
##STR00143## PX118929 (Ex 168) 62. ##STR00144## PX118930 (Ex 156)
63. ##STR00145## PX118931 (Ex 157) 64. ##STR00146## PX118932 (Ex
158) 65. ##STR00147## PX118933 (Ex 46) 66. ##STR00148## PX118934
(Ex 48) 67. ##STR00149## PX118935 (Ex 49) 68. ##STR00150## PX118937
(Ex 70) 69. ##STR00151## PX118951 (Ex 47) 70. ##STR00152## PX118965
(Ex 71) 71. ##STR00153## PX118967 (Ex 159) 72. ##STR00154##
PX118968 (Ex 169) 73. ##STR00155## PX118969 (Ex 170) 74.
##STR00156## PX118970 (Ex 171) 75. ##STR00157## PX118971 (Ex 50)
76. ##STR00158## PX118972 (Ex 51) 77. ##STR00159## PX118978 (Ex
172) 78. ##STR00160## PX118989 (Ex 160) 79. ##STR00161## PX118990
(Ex 161) 80. ##STR00162## PX118991 (Ex 162) 81. ##STR00163##
PX118994 (Ex 173) 82. ##STR00164## 83. ##STR00165## 84.
##STR00166## 85. ##STR00167## 86. ##STR00168## 87. ##STR00169## 88.
##STR00170## 89. ##STR00171## 90. ##STR00172## 91. ##STR00173## 92.
##STR00174## 93. ##STR00175## 94. ##STR00176## 95. ##STR00177## 96.
##STR00178## 97. ##STR00179## 98. ##STR00180## 99. ##STR00181##
100. ##STR00182##
[0705] Note that, where the above examples are salts (e.g.,
PX118932, PX118882), other analogous salts may also be
prepared.
Chemical Terms
[0706] The term "carbo," "carbyl," "hydrocarbo," and "hydrocarbyl,"
as used herein, pertain to compounds and/or groups which have only
carbon and hydrogen atoms (but see "carbocyclic" below).
[0707] The term "hetero," as used herein, pertains to compounds
and/or groups which have at least one heteroatom, for example,
multivalent heteroatoms (which are also suitable as ring
heteroatoms) such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen,
sulfur, and selenium (more commonly nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur)
and monovalent heteroatoms, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
and iodine.
[0708] The term "saturated," as used herein, pertains to compounds
and/Dr groups which do not have any carbon-carbon double bonds or
carbon-carbon triple bonds.
[0709] The term "unsaturated," as used herein, pertains to
compounds and/or groups which have at least one carbon-carbon
double bond or carbon-carbon triple bond.
[0710] The term "aliphatic," as used herein, pertains to compounds
and/or groups which are linear or branched, but not cyclic (also
known as "acyclic" or "open-chain" groups).
[0711] The term "ring," as used herein, pertains to a closed ring
of from 3 to 10 covalently linked atoms, more preferably 3 to 8
covalently linked atoms, yet more preferably 5 to 6 covalently
linked atoms. A ring may be an alicyclic ring or an aromatic ring.
The term "alicyclic ring," as used herein, pertains to a ring which
is not an aromatic ring.
[0712] The term "carbocyclic ring," as used herein, pertains to a
ring wherein all of the ring atoms are carbon atoms.
[0713] The term "carboaromatic ring," as used herein, pertains to
an aromatic ring wherein all of the ring atoms are carbon
atoms.
[0714] The term "heterocyclic ring," as used herein, pertains to a
ring wherein at least one of the ring atoms is a multivalent ring
heteroatom, for example, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, oxygen, or
sulfur, though more commonly nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
Preferably, the heterocyclic ring has from 1 to 4 heteroatoms.
[0715] The term "cyclic compound," as used herein, pertains to a
compound which has at least one ring. The term "cyclyl," as used
herein, pertains to a monovalent moiety obtained by removing a
hydrogen atom from a ring atom of a cyclic compound.
[0716] Where a cyclic compound has two or more rings, they may be
fused (e.g., as in naphthalene), bridged (e.g., as in norbornane),
Spiro (e.g., as in spiro[3,3]heptane), or a combination thereof.
Cyclic compounds with one ring may be referred to as "monocyclic"
or "mononuclear," whereas cyclic compounds with two or more rings
may be referred to as "polycyclic" or "polynuclear."
[0717] The term "carbocyclic compound," as used herein, pertains to
a cyclic compound which has only carbocyclic ring(s).
[0718] The term "heterocyclic compound," as used herein, pertains
to a cyclic compound which has at least one heterocyclic ring.
[0719] The term "aromatic compound," as used herein, pertains to a
cyclic compound which has at least one aromatic ring.
[0720] The term "carboaromatic compound," as used herein, pertains
to a cyclic compound which has only carboaromatic ring(s).
[0721] The term "heteroaromatic compound," as used herein, pertains
to a cyclic compound which has at least one heteroaromatic
ring.
[0722] The term "monodentate substituents," as used herein,
pertains to substituents which have one point of covalent
attachment.
[0723] The term "monovalent monodentate substituents," as used
herein, pertains to substituents which have one point of covalent
attachment, via a single bond. Examples of such substituents
include halo, hydroxy, and alkyl.
[0724] The term "multivalent monodentate substituents," as used
herein, pertains to substituents which have one point of covalent
attachment, but through a double bond or triple bond. Examples of
such substituents include oxo, imino, alkylidene, and
alklidyne.
[0725] The term "bidentate substituents," as used herein, pertains
to substituents which have two points of covalent attachment, and
which act as a linking group between two other moieties. Examples
of such substituents include alkylene and arylene.
Substituents
[0726] The phrase "optionally substituted," as used herein,
pertains to a parent group which may be unsubstituted or which may
be substituted.
[0727] Unless otherwise specified, the term "substituted," as used
herein, pertains to a parent group which bears one or more
substituents. The term "substituent" is used herein in the
conventional sense and refers to a chemical moiety which is
covalently attached to, appended to, or if appropriate, fused to, a
parent group. A wide variety of substituents are well known, and
methods for their formation and introduction into a variety of
parent groups are also well known.
[0728] The substituents are described in more detail below.
[0729] Alkyl: The term "alkyl," as used herein, pertains to a
monovalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from a
carbon atom of a hydrocarbon compound having from 1 to 20 carbon
atoms (unless otherwise specified), which may be aliphatic or
alicyclic, and which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or
fully unsaturated. Thus, the term "alkyl" includes the sub-classes
alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, etc., discussed below.
[0730] In this context, the prefixes (e.g., C.sub.1-4, C.sub.1-7,
C.sub.1-20, C.sub.2-7, C.sub.3-7, etc.) denote the number of carbon
atoms, or range of number of carbon atoms. For example, the term
"C.sub.1-4alkyl," as used herein, pertains to an alkyl group having
from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of groups of alkyl groups
include C.sub.1-4alkyl ("lower alkyl"), C.sub.1-7alkyl, and
C.sub.1-20alkyl.
[0731] Examples of (unsubstituted) saturated alkyl groups include,
but are not limited to, methyl (C.sub.1), ethyl (C.sub.2), propyl
(C.sub.3), butyl (C.sub.4), pentyl (C.sub.5), hexyl (C.sub.6),
heptyl (C.sub.7), octyl (C.sub.8), nonyl (C.sub.9), decyl
(C.sub.10), undecyl C.sub.11), dodecyl (C.sub.12), tridecyl
(C.sub.13), tetradecyl (C.sub.14), pentadecyl (C.sub.15), and
eicodecyl (C.sub.20).
[0732] Examples of (unsubstituted) saturated linear alkyl groups
include, but are not limited to, methyl (C.sub.1), ethyl (C.sub.2),
n-propyl (C.sub.3), h-butyl (C.sub.4), n-pentyl (amyl) (C.sub.5),
n-hexyl (C.sub.6), and n-heptyl (C.sub.7).
[0733] Examples of (unsubstituted) saturated branched alkyl groups
include iso-propyl (C.sub.3), iso-butyl (C.sub.4), sec-butyl
(C.sub.4), tert-butyl (C.sub.4), iso-pentyl (C.sub.5), and
neo-pentyl (C.sub.5).
[0734] Cycloalkyl: The term "cycloalkyl," as used herein, pertains
to an alkyl group which is also a cyclyl aroup; that is, a
monovalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an
alicyclic ring atom of a cyclic hydrocarbon (carbocyclic) compound,
which moiety has from 3 to 20 ring atoms (unless otherwise
specified). Preferably, each ring has from 3 to 7 ring atoms.
[0735] Examples of (unsubstituted) saturated cyicoalkyl groups
include, but are not limited to, those derived from: cyclopropane
(C.sub.3), cyclobutane (C.sub.4), cyclopentane (C.sub.5),
cyclohexane (C.sub.6), cycloheptane (C.sub.7), norbornane
(C.sub.7), norpinane (C.sub.7), norcarane (C.sub.7), adamantane
(C.sub.10), and decalin (decahydronaphthalene) (C.sub.10).
[0736] Examples of (substituted) saturated cycloalkyl groups, which
are also referred to herein as "alkyl-cycloalkyl" groups, include,
but are not limited to, methylcyclopropyl, dimethylcyclopropyl,
methylcyclobutyl, dimethylcyciobutyl, methylcyclopentyl,
dimethylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, and dimethylcyclohexyl,
menthane, thujane, carane, pinane, bornane, norcarane, and
camphene.
[0737] Examples of (substituted) unsaturated cyclic alkenyl aroups,
which are also referred to herein as "alkyl-cycloalkenyl" groups,
include, but are not limited to, methylcyclopropenyl,
dimethylcyclopropenyl, methylcyclobutenyl, dimethylcyclobutenyl,
methylcyclopentenyl, dimethylcyclopentenyl, methylcyclohexenyl, and
dimethylcyclohexenyl.
[0738] Examples of (substituted) cycloalkyl groups, with one or
more other rings fused to the parent cycloalkyl group, include, but
are not limited to, those derived from: indene (C.sub.9), indan
(e.g., 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene) (C.sub.9), tetraline
(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthaiene (C.sub.10), acenaphthene (C.sub.12),
fluorene (C.sub.13), phenalene (C.sub.13), acephenanthrene
(C.sub.15), aceanthrene (C.sub.16). For example, 2H-indan-2-yl is a
C.sub.5cycloalkyl group with a substituent (phenyl) fused
thereto.
[0739] Alkenyl: The term "alkenyl," as used herein, pertains to an
alkyl group having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Examples
of groups of alkenyl groups include C.sub.2-4alkenyl,
C.sub.2-7alkenyi, C.sub.2-20alkenyl.
[0740] Examples of (unsubstituted) unsaturated alkenyl groups
include, but are not limited to, ethenyl (vinyl,
--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), 1-propenyl (--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.3), 2-propenyl
(allyl, --CH--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), isopropenyl
(--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH.sub.2), butenyl (C.sub.4), pentenyl
(C.sub.5), and hexenyl (C.sub.6).
[0741] Examples of (unsubstituted) unsaturated cyclic alkenyl
groups, which are also referred to herein as "cycloalkenyl" groups,
include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl (C.sub.3),
cyclobutenyl (C.sub.4), cyclopentenyl (C.sub.5), and cyclohexenyl
(C.sub.6).
[0742] Alkynyl: The term "alkynyl," as used herein, pertains to an
alkyl group having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. Examples
of groups of alkynyl groups include C.sub.2-4alkynyl,
C.sub.2-7alkynyl, C.sub.2-20alkynyi.
[0743] Examples of (unsubstituted) unsaturated alkynyl groups
include, but are not limited to, ethynyl (ethinyl, --C.ident.CH)
and 2-propynyl (propargyl, --CH.sub.2--C.ident.CH).
[0744] Alkylidene: The term "alkylidene," as used herein, pertains
to a divalent monodentate moiety obtained by removing two hydrogen
atoms from a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon compound having from 1 to
20 carbon atoms (unless otherwise specified), which may be
aliphatic or alicyclic, or a combination thereof, and which may be
saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated. Examples of
groups of alkylidene groups include C.sub.1-4alkylidene,
C.sub.1-7alkylidene, C.sub.1-20alkylidene. Examples of alkylidene
groups include, but are not limited to, methylidene
(.dbd.CH.sub.3), ethylidene (.dbd.CH--CH.sub.3), vinylidene
(.dbd.C.dbd.C.sub.1-12), and isopropylidene
(.dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.2). An example of a substituted alkylidene is
benzylidene (.dbd.CH-Ph).
[0745] Alkylidyne: The term "alkylidyne," as used herein, pertains
to a trivalent monodentate moiety obtained by removing three
hydrogen atoms from a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon compound having
from 1 to 20 carbon atoms (unless otherwise specified), which may
be aliphatic or alicyclic, or a combination thereof, and which may
be saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated. Examples
of groups of alkylidyne groups include C.sub.1-4alkylidyne,
C.sub.1-7alkylidyne, C.sub.1-20alkylidyne.
[0746] Examples of alkylidyne groups include, but are not limited
to, methylidyne (.dbd.CH) and ethylidyne (.ident.C--CH.sub.3).
[0747] Carbocyclyl: The term "carbocyclyl," as used herein,
pertains to a monovalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen
atom from a ring atom of a carbocyclic compound, which moiety has
from 3 to 20 ring atoms (unless otherwise specified). Preferably,
each ring has from 3 to 7 ring atoms.
[0748] In this context, the prefixes (e.g., C.sub.3-20, C.sub.3-7,
C.sub.5-6, etc.) denote the number of ring atoms, or range of
number of ring atoms. For example, the term "C.sub.5-6carbocyclyl,"
as used herein, pertains to a carbocyclyl group having 5 or 6 ring
atoms. Examples of groups of carbocyclyl groups include
C.sub.3-20carbocyclyl, C.sub.3-10carbocyclyl,
C.sub.5-10carbocyclyl, C.sub.3-7carbocyclyl, and
C.sub.5-7carbocyclyl.
[0749] Examples of carbocyclic groups include, but are not limited
to, those described above as cycloalkyl groups; and those described
below as carboaryl groups.
[0750] Heterocyclyl: The term "heterocyclyl," as used herein,
pertains to a monovalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen
atom from a ring atom of a heterocyclic compound, which moiety has
from 3 to 20 ring atoms (unless otherwise specified), of which from
1 to 10 are ring heteroatoms. Preferably, each ring has from 3 to 7
ring atoms, of which from 1 to 4 are ring heteroatoms.
[0751] In this context, the prefixes (e.g., C.sub.3-20, C.sub.3-7,
C.sub.5-6, etc.) denote the number of ring atoms, or range of
number of ring atoms, whether carbon atoms or heteroatoms. For
example, the term "C.sub.5-6heterocyclyl," as used herein, pertains
to a heterocyclyl group having 5 or 6 ring atoms. Examples of
groups of heterocyclyl groups include C.sub.3-20heterooyclyl,
C.sub.3-7heterocyclyl, C.sub.5-7heterocyclyl, and
C.sub.5-6heterocyclyl.
[0752] Examples of (non-aromatic) monocyclic heterocyclyl groups
include, but are not limited to, those derived from:
N.sub.1: aziridine (C.sub.3), azetidine (C.sub.4), pyrrolidine
(tetrahydropyrrole) (C.sub.5), pyrroline (e.g., 3-pyrroline,
2,5-dihydropyrrole) (C.sub.5), 2H-pyrrole or 3H-pyrrole
(isopyrrole, isoazole) (C.sub.5), piperidine (C.sub.6),
dihydropyridine (C.sub.o), tetrahydropyridine (C.sub.6), azepine
(C.sub.7); O.sub.1: oxirane (C.sub.3), oxetane (C.sub.4), oxolane
(tetrahydrofuran) (C.sub.5), oxole (dihydrofuran) (C.sub.5), oxane
(tetrahydropyran) (C.sub.6), dihydropyran (C.sub.6), pyran
(C.sub.6), oxepin (C.sub.7); S.sub.1: thiirane (C.sub.3), thietane
(C.sub.4), thiolane (tetrahydrothiophene) (C.sub.5), thiane
(tetrahydrothiopyran) (C.sub.6), thiepane (C.sub.7); O.sub.2:
dioxolane (C.sub.5), dioxane (C.sub.6), and dioxepane (C.sub.7);
O.sub.3: trioxane (C.sub.6); N.sub.2: imidazolidine (C.sub.5),
pyrazolidine (diazolidine) (C.sub.5), imidazoline (C.sub.5),
pyrazoline (dihydropyrazole) (C.sub.5), piperazine (C.sub.6);
N.sub.1O.sub.1: tetrahydrooxazole (C.sub.5), dihydrooxazole
(C.sub.5), tetrahydroisoxazole (C.sub.5), dihydroisoxazole
(C.sub.5), morpholine (C.sub.6), tetrahydrooxazine (C.sub.6),
dihydrooxazine (C.sub.6), oxazine (C.sub.6); N.sub.1S.sub.1:
thiazoline (C.sub.5), thiazolidine (C.sub.5), thiomorpholine
(C.sub.6); N.sub.2O.sub.1: oxadiazine (C.sub.6); O.sub.1S.sub.1:
oxathiole (C.sub.5) and oxathiane (thioxane) (C.sub.6); and,
N.sub.1O.sub.1S.sub.1: oxathiazine (C.sub.6).
[0753] Examples of substituted (non-aromatic) monocyclic
heterocyclyl groups include saccharides, in cyclic form, for
example, furanoses (C.sub.5), such as arabinofuranose,
lyxofuranose, ribofuranose, and xylofuranse, and pyranoses
(C.sub.6), such as allopyranose, altropyranose, glucopyranose,
mannopyranose, gulopyrancse, idopyranose, galactopyranose, and
talopyranose.
[0754] Examples of heterocyclyl groups which are also heteroaryl
groups are described below with aryl groups.
[0755] Aryl: The term "aryl," as used herein, pertains to a
monovalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an
aromatic ring atom of an aromatic compound, which moiety has from 3
to 20 ring atoms (unless otherwise specified). Preferably, each
ring has from 5 to 7 ring atoms.
[0756] In this context, the prefixes (e.g., O.sub.3-20, C.sub.5-7,
C.sub.5-6, etc.) denote the number of ring atoms, or range of
number of ring atoms, whether carbon atoms or heteroatoms. For
example, the term "C.sub.5-6aryl," as used herein, pertains to an
aryl group having 5 or 6 ring atoms. Examples of groups of aryl
groups include C.sub.3-20aryl, C.sub.3-12aryl, C.sub.5-12aryl,
C.sub.5-7aryl, and C.sub.5-6aryl.
[0757] The ring atoms may be all carbon atoms, as in "carboaryl
groups" (e.g., C.sub.5-20carboaryl).
[0758] Examples of carboaryl groups include, but are not limited
to, those derived from benzene (i.e., phenyl) (C.sub.6),
naphthalene (C.sub.10), azulene (C.sub.10), anthracene (C.sub.14),
phenanthrene (C.sub.14), naphthacene (C.sub.18), and pyrene
(C.sub.16).
[0759] Examples of aryl groups which comprise fused rings, at least
one of which is an aromatic ring, include, but are not limited to,
groups derived from indene (C.sub.9), isoindene (C.sub.9), and
fluorene (C.sub.13).
[0760] Alternatively, the ring atoms may include one or more
heteroatoms, as in "heteroaryl groups" (e.g.,
C.sub.5-20heteroaryl).
[0761] Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are
not limited to, those derived from:
N.sub.1: pyrrole (azole) (C.sub.5), pyridine (azine) (C.sub.6);
O.sub.1: furan (oxole) (C.sub.5); S.sub.1: thiophene (thiole)
(C.sub.5); N.sub.1O.sub.1: oxazole (C.sub.5), isoxazole (C.sub.5),
isoxazine (C.sub.6); N.sub.2O.sub.1: oxadiazole (furazan)
(C.sub.5); N.sub.3O.sub.1: oxatriazole (C.sub.5); N.sub.1S.sub.1:
thiazole (C.sub.5), isothiazole (C.sub.5); N.sub.2: imidazole
(1,3-diazole) (C.sub.5), pyrazole (1,2-diazole) (C.sub.5),
pyridazine (1,2-diazine) (C.sub.6), pyrimidine (1,3-diazine)
(C.sub.6) (e.g., cytosine, thymine, uracil), pyrazine (1,4-diazine)
(C.sub.6); N.sub.3: triazole (C.sub.5), triazine (C.sub.6); and,
N.sub.4: tetrazole (C.sub.5).
[0762] Examples of heterocyclic groups (some of which are also
heteroaryl groups) which comprise fused rings, include, but are not
limited to: [0763] C.sub.9heterocyclic groups (with 2 fused rings)
derived from benzofuran (O.sub.1), isobenzofuran (O.sub.1), indole
(N.sub.1), isoindole (N.sub.1), indolizine (N.sub.1), indoline
(N.sub.1), isoindoline (N.sub.1), marine (N.sub.4) (e.g., adenine,
guanine), benzimidazole (N.sub.2), indazoie (N.sub.2), benzoxazole
(N.sub.1O.sub.1), benzisoxazole (N.sub.1O.sub.1), benzodioxole
(O.sub.2), benzofurazan (N.sub.2O.sub.1), benzotriazole (N.sub.3),
benzothiofuran (S.sub.1), benzothiazole (N.sub.1S.sub.1),
benzothiadiazole (N.sub.2S); [0764] C.sub.10heterocyclic groups
(with 2 fused rings) derived from chromene (O.sub.1), isochromene
(O.sub.1), chroman (O.sub.1), isochroman (O.sub.1), benzodioxan
(O.sub.2), quinoline (N.sub.1), isoquinoline (N.sub.1), quinolizine
(N.sub.1), benzoxazine (N.sub.1O.sub.1), benzodiazine (N.sub.2),
pyridopyridine (N.sub.2), quinoxaline (N.sub.2), quinazoline
(N.sub.2), cinnoline (N.sub.2), phthalazine (N.sub.2),
naphthyridine (N.sub.2), pteridine (N.sub.4); [0765]
C.sub.13heterocyclic groups (with 3 fused rings) derived from
carbazole (N.sub.1), dibenzofuran (O.sub.1), dibenzothiophene
(S.sub.1), carboline (N.sub.2), perimidine (N.sub.2), pyridoindole
(N.sub.2); and, [0766] C.sub.14heterocyclic groups (with 3 fused
rings) derived from acridine (N.sub.1), xanthene (O.sub.1),
thioxanthene (S.sub.1), oxanthrene (O.sub.2), phenoxathiin
(O.sub.1S.sub.1), phenazine (N.sub.2), phenoxazine
(N.sub.1O.sub.1), phenothiazine (N.sub.1S.sub.1), thianthrene
(S.sub.2), phenanthridine (N.sub.1), phenanthroline (N.sub.2),
phenazine (N.sub.2).
[0767] Heterocyclic groups (including heteroaryl groups) which have
a nitrogen ring atom in the form of an --NH-- group may be
N-substituted, that is, as --NR--. For example, pyrrole may be
N-methyl substituted, to give N-methypyrrole. Examples of
N-substituents include, but are not limited to C.sub.1-7alkyl,
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl, C.sub.5-20aryl, and acyl groups.
[0768] Heterocyclic groups (including heteroaryl groups) which have
a nitrogen ring atom in the form of an --N=group may be substituted
in the form of an N-oxide, that is, as --N(.fwdarw.O).dbd. (also
denoted --N.sup.+(.fwdarw.O.sup.-).dbd.). For example, quinoline
may be substituted to give quinoline N-oxide; pyridine to give
pyridine N-oxide; benzofurazan to give benzofurazan N-oxide (also
known as benzofuroxan).
[0769] Cyclic groups may additionally bear one or more oxo (.dbd.O)
groups on ring carbon atoms. Monocyclic examples of such groups
include, but are not limited to, those derived from:
C.sub.5: cyclopentanone, cyclopentenone, cyclopentadienone;
C.sub.6: cyclohexanone, cyclohexenone, cyclohexadienone; O.sub.1:
furanone (C.sub.5), pyrone (C.sub.6); N.sub.1: pyrrolidone
(pyrrolidinone) (C.sub.5), piperidinone (piperidone) (C.sub.6),
piperidinedione (C.sub.6); N.sub.2: imidazolidone (imidazolidinone)
(C.sub.5), pyrazolone (pyrazolinone) (C.sub.5), piperazinone
(C.sub.6), piperazinedione (C.sub.6), pyridazinone (C.sub.6),
pyrimidinone (C.sub.6) (e.g., cytosine), pyrimidinedione (C.sub.6)
(e.g., thymine, uracil), barbituric acid (C.sub.6); N.sub.1S.sub.1:
thiazolone (C.sub.5), isothiazolone (C.sub.5); N.sub.1O.sub.1:
oxazolinone (C.sub.5).
[0770] Polycyclic examples of such groups include, but are not
limited to, those derived from:
C.sub.9: indenedione; C.sub.10: tetralone, decalone; C.sub.14:
enthrone, phenanthrone; N.sub.1: oxindole (C.sub.9); O.sub.1:
benzopyrone (e.g., coumarin, isocoumarin, chromone) (C.sub.10);
N.sub.1O.sub.1: benzoxazolinone (C.sub.9), benzoxazolinone
(C.sub.10); N.sub.2: quinazolinedione (C.sub.10); N.sub.4: purinone
(C.sub.9) (e.g., guanine).
[0771] Still more examples of cyclic groups which bear one or more
oxo (.dbd.O) groups on ring carbon atoms include, but are not
limited to, those derived from: [0772] cyclic anhydrides
(--C(.dbd.O)--O--C(.dbd.O)-- in a ring), including but not limited
to maleic anhydride (C.sub.5), succinic anhydride (C.sub.5), and
glutaric anhydride (C.sub.6); [0773] cyclic carbonates
(--O--C(.dbd.O)--O-- in a ring), such as ethylene carbonate
(C.sub.5) and 1,2-propylene carbonate (C.sub.5); [0774] imides
(--C(.dbd.O)--NR--C(.dbd.O)-- in a ring), including but not limited
to, succinimide (C.sub.5), maleimide (C.sub.5), phthalimide, and
glutarimide (C.sub.6); [0775] lactones (cyclic esters,
--O--C(.dbd.O)-- in a ring), including, but not limited to,
.beta.-propiolactone, .gamma.-butyrolactone, .delta.-valerolactone
(2-piperidone), and .epsilon.-caprolactone; [0776] lactams (cyclic
amides, --NR--C(.dbd.O)-- in a ring), including, but not limited
to, .beta.-propiolactam (C.sub.4), .gamma.-butyrolactam
(2-pyrrolidone) (C.sub.5), .delta.-valerolactam (C.sub.6), and
.epsilon.-caprolactam (C.sub.7); [0777] cyclic carbamates
(--O--C(.dbd.O)--NR-- in a ring), such as 2-oxazolidone (C.sub.5);
[0778] cyclic ureas (--NR--C(.dbd.O)--NR-- in a ring), such as
2-imidazolidone (C.sub.5) and pyrimidine-2,4-dione (e.g., thymine,
uracil) (C.sub.6).
[0779] The above alkyl, alkylidene, alkylidyne, heterocyclyl, and
aryl groups, whether alone or part of another substituent, may
themselves optionally be substituted with one or more groups
selected from themselves and the additional substituents listed
below.
[0780] Hydrogen: --H. Note that if the substituent at a particular
position is hydrogen, it may be convenient to refer to the compound
as being "unsubstituted" at that position.
[0781] Halo: --F, --Cl, --Br, and --I.
[0782] Hydroxy: --OH.
[0783] Ether: --OR, wherein R is an ether substituent, for example,
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group (also referred to as a C.sub.1-7alkoxy
group, discussed below), a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group (also
referred to as a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyloxy group), or a
O.sub.5-20aryl group (also referred to as a C.sub.5-20aryloxy
group), preferably a C.sub.1-7alkyl group.
[0784] C.sub.1-7alkoxy: --OR, wherein R is a C.sub.1-7alkyl group.
Examples of O.sub.1-7alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to,
--OMe (methoxy), --OEt (ethoxy), --O(nPr) (n-propoxy), --O(iPr)
(isopropoxy), --O(nBu) (n-butoxy), --O(sBu) (sec-butoxy), --O(iBu)
(isobutoxy), and --O(tbu) (tert-butoxy).
[0785] Acetal: --CH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2), wherein R.sup.1 and
R.sup.2 are independently acetal substituents, for example, a
C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a
C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, or, in the
case of a "cyclic" acetal group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, taken
together with the two oxygen atoms to which they are attached, and
the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a heterocyclic
ring having from 4 to 8 ring atoms. Examples of acetal groups
include, but are not limited to, --CH(OMe).sub.2, --CH(OEt).sub.2,
and --CH(OMe)(OEt).
[0786] Hemiacetal: --CH(OH)(OR.sup.1), wherein R.sup.1 is a
hemiacetal substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of hemiacetal groups include, but
are not limited to, --CH(OH)(OMe) and --CH(OH)(OEt).
[0787] Ketal: --CR(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2), where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2
are as defined for acetals, and R is a ketal substituent other than
hydrogen, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples ketal groups include, but are not
limited to, --C(Me)(OMe).sub.2, --C(Me)(OEt).sub.2,
--C(Me)(OMe)(OEt), --C(Et)(OMe).sub.2, --C(Et)(OEt).sub.2, and
--C(Et)(OMe)(OEt).
[0788] Hemiketal: --CR(OH)(OR.sup.1), where R.sup.1 is as defined
for hemiacetals, and R is a hemiketal substituent other than
hydrogen, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclylgroup, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of hemiacetal groups include, but
are not limited to, --C(Me)(OH)(OMe), --C(Et)(OH)(OMe),
--C(Me)(OH)(OEt), and --C(Et)(OH)(OEt).
[0789] Oxo (keto, -one): .dbd.O.
[0790] Thione (thioketone): .dbd.S.
[0791] Imino (imine): .dbd.NR, wherein R is an imino substituent,
for example, hydrogen, C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of ester groups
include, but are not limited to, .dbd.NH, .dbd.NMe, .dbd.NEt, and
.dbd.NPh.
[0792] Formyl (carbaldehyde, carboxaldehyde): --C(.dbd.O)H.
[0793] Acyl (keto): --C(.dbd.O)R, wherein R is an acyl substituent,
for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group (also referred to as
C.sub.1-7alkylacyl or C.sub.1-7alkanoyl), a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclylgroup (also referred to as
C.sub.3-20heterocyclylacyl), or a C.sub.5-20aryl group (also
referred to as C.sub.5-20arylacyl), preferably a C.sub.1-4alkyl
group. Examples of acyl groups include, but are not limited to,
--C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.3 (acetyl), --C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3
(propionyl), --C(.dbd.O)C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 (t-butyryl), and
--C(.dbd.O)Ph (benzoyl, phenone).
[0794] Acylhalide (haloformyl, halocarbanyl): --C(.dbd.O)X, wherein
X is --F, --Cl, --Br, or --I, preferably --Cl, --Br, or --I.
[0795] Carboxy (carboxylic acid): --C(.dbd.O)OH.
[0796] Thiocarboxy (thiocarboxylic acid): --C(.dbd.S)SH.
[0797] Thiolocarboxy (thiolocarboxylic acid): --C(.dbd.O)SH.
[0798] Thionocarboxy (thionocarboxylic acid): --C(.dbd.S)OH.
[0799] Imidic acid: --C(.dbd.NH)OH.
[0800] Hydroxamic acid: --C(.dbd.NOH)OH.
[0801] Ester (carboxylate, carboxylic acid ester, oxycarbonyl):
--C(.dbd.O)OR, wherein R is an ester substituent, for example, a
C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a
C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples
of ester groups include, but are not limited to,
--C(.dbd.O)OCH.sub.3, --C(.dbd.O)OCH.sub.2CH.sub.3,
--C(.dbd.O)OC(CH.sub.3).sub.3, and --C(.dbd.O)OPh.
[0802] Acyloxy (reverse ester): --OC(.dbd.O)R, wherein R is an
acyloxy substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclylgroup, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of acyloxy groups include, but are
not limited to, --OC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.3 (acetoxy),
--OC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, --OC(.dbd.O)C(CH.sub.3).sub.3,
--OC(.dbd.O)Ph, and --OC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2Ph.
[0803] Oxycarboyloxy: --OC(.dbd.O)OR, wherein R is an ester
substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyt group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of ester groups include, but are
not limited to, --OC(.dbd.O)OCH.sub.3,
--OC(.dbd.O)OCH.sub.2CH.sub.3, --OC(.dbd.O)OC(CH.sub.3).sub.3, and
--OC(.dbd.O)OPh.
[0804] Amido (carbamoyl, carbamyl, aminocarbonyl, carboxamide):
--C(.dbd.O)NR.sup.1R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are
independently amino substituents, as defined for amino groups.
Examples of amido groups include, but are not limited to,
--C(.dbd.O)NH.sub.2, --C(.dbd.O)NHCH.sub.3,
--C(.dbd.O)N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, --C(.dbd.O)NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.3, and
--C(.dbd.O)N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2, as well as amido groups in
which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with the nitrogen atom to which
they are attached, form a heterocyclic structure as in, for
example, piperidinocarbonyl, morpholinocarbonyl,
thiomorpholinocarbonyl, and piperazinocarbonyl.
[0805] Acylamido (acylamino): --NR.sup.1C(.dbd.O)R.sup.2, wherein
R.sup.1 is an amide substituent, for example, hydrogen, a
C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a
C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7alkyl
group, and R.sup.2 is an acyl substituent, for example, a
C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a
C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7alkyl
group. Examples of acylamide groups include, but are not limited
to, --NHC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.3, --NHC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, and
--NHC(.dbd.O)Ph. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form a cyclic
structure, as in, for example, succinimidyl, maleimidyl, and
phthalimidyi:
##STR00183##
[0806] Aminocarbonyloxy: --OC(.dbd.O)NR.sup.1R.sup.2, wherein
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently amino substituents, as
defined for amino groups. Examples of aminocarbonyloxy groups
include, but are not limited to, --OC(.dbd.O)NH.sub.2,
--OC(.dbd.O)NHMe, --OC(.dbd.O)NMe.sub.2, and
--OC(.dbd.O)NEt.sub.2.
[0807] Thioamido (thiocarbamyl): --C(.dbd.S)NR.sup.1R.sup.2,
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently amino substituents,
as defined for amino groups. Examples of amido groups include, but
are not limited to, --C(.dbd.S)NH.sub.2, --C(.dbd.S)NHCH.sub.3,
--C(.dbd.S)N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and
--C(.dbd.S)NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.3.
[0808] Ureido: --N(R.sup.1)CONR.sup.2R.sup.3 wherein R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 are independently amino substituents, as defined for amino
groups, and R1 is a ureido substituent, for example, hydrogen, a
C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a
C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7alkyl
group. Examples of ureido groups include, but are not limited to,
--NHCONH.sub.2, --NHCONHMe, --NHCONHEt, --NHCONMe.sub.2,
--NHCONEt.sub.2, --NMeCONH.sub.2, --NMeCONHMe, --NMeCONHEt,
--NMeCONMe.sub.2, and --NMeCONEt.sub.2.
[0809] Guanidino: --NH--C(.dbd.NH)NH.sub.2.
[0810] Tetrazolyl: a five membered aromatic ring having four
nitrogen atoms and one carbon atom,
##STR00184##
[0811] Amino: --NR.sup.1R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are
independently amino substituents, for example, hydrogen, a
C.sub.1-7alkyl group (also referred to as C.sub.1-7alkylamino or
di-C.sub.1-7alkylamino), a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a
C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably H or a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, or,
in the case of a "cyclic" amino group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, taken
together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a
heterocyclic ring having from 4 to 8 ring atoms. Amino groups may
be primary (--NH.sub.2), secondary (--NHR.sup.1), or tertiary
(--NHR.sup.1R.sup.2), and in cationic form, may be quaternary
(--.sup.+NR.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3). Examples of amino groups include,
but are not limited to, --NH.sub.2, --NHCH.sub.3,
--NHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2, --N(CH.sub.3).sub.2,
--N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2, and --NHPh. Examples of cyclic amino
groups include, but are not limited to, aziridino, azetidino,
pyrrolidino, piperidino, piperazino, morpholino, and
thiomorpholino.
[0812] Imino: .dbd.NR, wherein R is an imino substituent, for
example, for example, hydrogen, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyolyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
H or a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of imino groups include, but
are not limited to, .dbd.NH, .dbd.NMe, and .dbd.NEt.
[0813] Amidine (amidino): --C(.dbd.NR)NR.sub.2, wherein each R is
an amidine substituent, for example, hydrogen, a C.sub.1-7alkyl
group, a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group,
preferably H or a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of amidine groups
include, but are not limited to, --C(.dbd.NH)NH.sub.2,
--C(.dbd.NH)NMe.sub.2, and --C(.dbd.NMe)NMe.sub.2.
[0814] Nitro: --NO.sub.2.
[0815] Cyano (nitrile, carbonitrile): --CN.
[0816] Isocyano: --NC.
[0817] Cyanato: --OCN.
[0818] Isocyanato: --NCO.
[0819] Isothiocyano (isothiocyanato): --NCS.
[0820] Sulfhydryl (thiol, mercapto): --SH.
[0821] Thioether (sulfide): --SR, wherein R is a thioether
substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group (also referred to
as a C.sub.1-7alkylthio group), a C.sub.3-20heterecyclylgroup, or a
C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples
of C.sub.1-7alkylthio groups include, but are not limited to,
--SCH.sub.3 and --SCH.sub.2CH.sub.3.
[0822] Disulfide: --SS--R, wherein R is a disulfide substituent,
for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl
group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably a C.sub.1-7alkyl group
(also referred to herein as C.sub.1-7alkyl disulfide). Examples of
C.sub.1-7alkyl disulfide groups include, but are not limited to,
--SSCH.sub.3 and --SSCH.sub.2CH.sub.3.
[0823] Sulfine (sulfinyi, sulfoxide): --S(.dbd.O)R, wherein R is a
sulfine substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of sulfine groups include, but are
not limited to, --S(.dbd.O)CH.sub.3 and
--S(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3.
[0824] Sulfone (sulfonyl): --S(.dbd.O).sub.2R, wherein R is a
sulfone substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, including, for example, a fluorinated or
perfluorinated group. Examples of sulfone groups include, but are
not limited to, --S(.dbd.O).sub.2CH.sub.3 (methanesulfonyl, mesyl),
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2CF.sub.3 (triflyl),
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 (esyl),
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2C.sub.4F.sub.9 (nonaflyl),
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2CH.sub.2CF.sub.3 (tresyl),
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2 (tauryl),
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2Ph (phenylsulfonyl, besyl), 4-methylphenylsulfonyl
(tosyl), 4-chlorophenylsulfonyl (closyl), 4-bromophenylsulfonyl
(brosyl), 4-nitrophenyl (nosyl), 2-naphthalenesulfonate (napsyl),
and 5-dimethylamino-naphthalen-1-ylsulfonate (dansyl).
[0825] Sulfinic acid (sulfino): --S(.dbd.O)OH, --SO.sub.2H.
[0826] Sulfonic acid (sulfa): --S(.dbd.O).sub.2OH, --SO.sub.3H.
[0827] Sulfinate (sulfinic acid ester): --S(.dbd.O)OR; wherein R is
a sulfinate substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclylgroup, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of sulfinate groups include, but
are not limited to, --S(.dbd.O)OCH.sub.3 (methoxysulfinyi; methyl
sulfinate) and --S(.dbd.O)OCH.sub.2CH.sub.3 (ethoxysulfinyl; ethyl
sulfinate).
[0828] Sulfonate (sulfonic acid ester): --S(.dbd.O).sub.2OR,
wherein R is a sulfonate substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl
group, a C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group,
preferably a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of sulfonate groups
include, but are not limited to, --S(.dbd.O).sub.2OCH.sub.3
(methoxysulfonyl; methyl sulfonate) and
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.3 (ethoxysulfonyl; ethyl
sulfonate).
[0829] Sulfinyloxy: --OS(.dbd.O).sub.2R, wherein R is a sulfinyloxy
substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of sulfinyloxy groups include, but
are not limited to, --OS(.dbd.O).sub.2CH.sub.3 and
--OS(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3.
[0830] Sulfonyloxy: --OS(.dbd.O).sub.2R, wherein R is a sulfonyloxy
substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of sulfonyloxy groups include, but
are not limited to, --OS(.dbd.O).sub.2CH.sub.3 (mesylate) and
--OS(.dbd.O).sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 (esylate).
[0831] Sulfate: --OS(.dbd.O).sub.2OR; wherein R is a sulfate
substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of sulfate groups include, but are
not limited to, --OS(.dbd.O).sub.2OCH.sub.3 and
--SO(.dbd.O).sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.3.
[0832] Sulfamyl (sulfamoyl; sulfinic acid amide; sulfinamide):
--S(.dbd.O)NR.sup.1R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are
independently amino substituents, as defined for amino groups.
Examples of sulfamyl groups include, but are not limited to,
--S(.dbd.O)NH.sub.2, --S(.dbd.O)NH(CH.sub.3),
--S(.dbd.O)N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, --S(.dbd.O)NH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3),
--S(.dbd.O)N(CH.sub.2CN.sub.3).sub.2, and --S(.dbd.O)NHPh.
[0833] Sulfonamido (sulfinamoyl; sulfonic acid amide; sulfonamide):
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2NR.sup.1R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are
independently amino substituents, as defined for amino groups.
Examples of sulfonamido groups include, but are not limited to,
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2NH.sub.2, --S(.dbd.O).sub.2NH(CH.sub.3),
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2N(CH.sub.3).sub.2,
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2NH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3),
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2, and
--S(.dbd.O).sub.2NHPh.
[0834] Sulfamino: --NR.sup.1S(.dbd.O).sub.2OH, wherein R.sup.1 is
an amino substituent, as defined for amino groups. Examples of
sulfamino groups include, but are not limited to,
--NHS(.dbd.O).sub.2OH and --N(CH.sub.3)S(.dbd.O).sub.2OH.
[0835] Sulfonamino: --NR.sup.1S(.dbd.O).sub.2R, wherein R.sup.1 is
an amino substituent, as defined for amino groups, and R is a
sulfonamino substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of sulfonamino groups include, but
are not limited to, --NHS(.dbd.O).sub.2CH.sub.3 and
--N(CH.sub.3)S(.dbd.O).sub.2C.sub.6H.sub.5.
[0836] Sulfinamino: --NR.sup.1S(.dbd.O)R, wherein R.sup.1 is an
amino substituent, as defined for amino groups, and R is a
sulfinamino substituent, for example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group, a
C.sub.3-20heterocyclyl group, or a C.sub.5-20aryl group, preferably
a C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of sulfinamino groups include, but
are not limited to, --NHS(.dbd.O)CH.sub.3 and
--N(CH.sub.3)S(.dbd.O)C.sub.6H.sub.5.
[0837] In many cases, substituents may themselves be substituted.
For example, a C.sub.1-7alkyl group may be substituted with, for
example, hydroxy (also referred to as a C.sub.1-7hydroxyalkyl
group), C.sub.1-7alkoxy (also referred to as a C.sub.1-7alkoxyalkyl
group), amino (also referred to as a C.sub.1-7aminoalkyl group),
halo (also referred to as a C.sub.1-7haloalkyl group), carboxy
(also referred to as a C.sub.1-7carboxyalkyl group), and
C.sub.5-20aryl (also referred to as a C.sub.5-20aryl-C.sub.1-7alkyl
group).
[0838] Similarly, a C.sub.5-20aryl group may be substituted with,
for example, hydroxy (also referred to as a C.sub.5-20hydroxyaryl
group), halo (also referred to as a C.sub.5-20haloaryl group),
amino (also referred to as a C.sub.5-20aminoaryl group, e.g., as in
aniline), C.sub.1-7alkyl (also referred to as a
C.sub.1-7alkyl-C.sub.5-20aryl group, e.g., as in toluene), and
C.sub.1-7alkoxy (also referred to as a
C.sub.1-7alkoxy-C.sub.5-20aryl group, e.g., as in anisole).
[0839] These and other specific examples of such
substituted-substituents are described below.
[0840] C.sub.1-7haloalkyl group: The term "C.sub.1-7haloalkyl
group," as used herein, pertains to a C.sub.1-7alkyl group in which
at least one hydrogen atom (e.g., 1, 2, 3) has been replaced with a
halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I). If more than one hydrogen atom
has been replaced with a halogen atom, the halogen atoms may
independently be the same or different. Every hydrogen atom may be
replaced with a halogen atom, in which case the group may
conveniently be referred to as a C.sub.1-7perhaloalkyl group."
Examples of C.sub.1-7haloalkyl groups include, but are not limited
to, --CF.sub.3, --CHF.sub.2, --CH.sub.2F, --CCl.sub.3,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2F, --CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2, and
--CH.sub.2CF.sub.3.
[0841] C.sub.1-7haloalkoxy: --OR, wherein R is a C.sub.1-7haloalkyl
group. Examples of C.sub.1-7haloalkoxy groups include, but are not
limited to, --OCF.sub.3, --OCHF.sub.2, --OCH.sub.2F, --OCCl.sub.3,
--OCBr.sub.3, --OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2F, --OCH.sub.2CHF.sub.2, and
--OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3.
[0842] C.sub.1-7hydroxyalkyl: The term "C.sub.1-7hydroxyalkyl
group," as used herein, pertains to a C.sub.1-7alkyl group in which
at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a hydroxy group.
Examples of C.sub.1-7hydroxyalkyl groups include, but are not
limited to, --CH.sub.2OH, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH, and
--CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH.
[0843] C.sub.1-7carboxyalkyl: The term "C.sub.1-7carboxyalkyl
group," as used herein, pertains to a C.sub.1-7alkyl group in which
at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a carboxy group.
Examples of C.sub.1-7carboxyalkyl groups include, but are not
limited to, --CH.sub.2COOH and --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2COOH.
[0844] C.sub.1-7aminoalkyl: The term "C.sub.1-7aminoalkyl group,"
as used herein, pertains to a C.sub.1-7alkyl group in which at
least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with an amino group.
Examples of C.sub.1-7aminoalkyl groups include, but are not limited
to, --CH.sub.2NH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2, and
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2N(CH.sub.3).sub.2.
[0845] C.sub.1-7aminoalkylamino: The term
"C.sub.1-7aminoalkylamino," as used herein, pertains to an amino
group, --NR.sup.1R.sup.2, in which one of the substituents, R.sup.1
or R.sup.2, is itself a C.sub.1-7aminoalkyl group
(--C.sub.1-7alkyl-NR.sup.1R.sup.2). The C.sub.1-7aminoalkylamino
may be represented, for example, by the formula
--NR.sup.1--C.sub.1-7alkyl-NR.sup.1R.sup.2. Examples of
amino-C.sub.1-7alkylamino groups include, but are not limited to,
groups of the formula --NR.sup.1(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.1R.sup.2,
where n is 1 to 6, for example, --NHCH.sub.2NH.sub.2,
--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH.sub.2, --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.3NH.sub.2,
--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.4NH.sub.2, --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.5NH.sub.2,
--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.6NH.sub.2, --NHCH.sub.2NH(Me),
--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH(Me), --NH(C.sub.1-12).sub.3NH(Me),
--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.4NH(Me), --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.5NH(Me),
--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.6NH(Me), --NHCH.sub.2NH(Et),
--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH(Et), --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.3NH(Et),
--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.4NH(Et), --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.5NH(Et), and
--NH(CH.sub.2).sub.6NH(Et).
[0846] C.sub.1-7alkyl-C.sub.5-20aryl: The term
"C.sub.1-7alkyl-C.sub.5-20aryl," as used herein, describes certain
C.sub.5-20aryl groups which have been substituted with a
C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of such groups include, but are not
limited to, tolyl (from toluene), xylyl (from xylene), mesityl
(from mesitylene), and cumenyl (or cumyl, from cumene), and duryl
(from durene).
[0847] C.sub.1-7alkyl-C.sub.5-20aryloxy: The term
"C.sub.1-7alkyl-C.sub.5-20aryloxy," as used herein, describes
certain C.sub.5-20aryloxy groups which have been substituted with a
C.sub.1-7alkyl group. Examples of such groups include, but are not
limited to, tolyloxy, xylyloxy, mesityloxy, cumenyloxy, and
duryloxy.
[0848] C.sub.5-20aryl-C.sub.1-7alkyl: The term
"C.sub.5-20aryl-C.sub.1-7alkyl," as used herein, describers certain
C.sub.1-7alkyl groups which have been substituted with a
C.sub.5-20aryl group. Examples of such groups include, but are not
limited to, benzyl (phenylmethyl, PhCH.sub.2--), benzhydryl
(Ph.sub.2CH--), trityl (triphenylmethyl, Ph.sub.3C--), phenethyl
(phenylethyl, Ph-CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--), styryl (Ph-CH--CH--),
cinnamyl (Ph-CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--),
[0849] C.sub.5-20aryl-C.sub.1-7alkoxy: The term
"C.sub.5-20aryl-C.sub.1-7alkoxy," as used herein, describes certain
C.sub.1-7alkoxy groups which have been substituted with a
C.sub.5-20aryl group. Examples of such groups include, but are not
limited to, benzyloxy, benzhydryloxy, trityloxy, phenethoxy,
styryloxy, and cimmamyloxy.
[0850] C.sub.5-20haloaryl: The term "C.sub.5-20haloaryl," as used
herein, describes certain C.sub.5-20aryl groups which have been
substituted with one or more halo groups. Examples of such groups
include, but are not limited to, halophenyl (e.g., fluorophenyl,
chlorophenyl, bromophenyl, or iodophenyl, whether ortho-, meta-, or
para-substituted), dihalophenyl, trihalophenyl, tetrahalophenyl,
and pentahalophenyl.
Bidentate Substituents
[0851] The term "bidentate substituents," as used herein, pertains
to substituents which have two points of covalent attachment, and
which act as a linking group between two other moieties.
[0852] In some cases (A), a bidentate substituent is covalently
bound to a single atom. In some cases (B), a bidentate substituent
is covalently bound to two different atoms, and so serves as a
linking group therebetween.
##STR00185##
[0853] Within (B), in some cases (C), a bidentate substituent is
covalently bound to two different atoms, which themselves are not
otherwise covalently linked (directly, or via intermediate groups).
In some cases (D), a bidentate substituent is covalently bound to
two different atoms, which themselves are already covalently linked
(directly, or via intermediate groups); in such cases, a cyclic
structure results. In some cases, the bidentate group is covalently
bound to vicinal atoms, that is, adjacent atoms, in the parent
group.
##STR00186##
[0854] In some cases (A and D), the bidentage group, together with
the atom(s) to which it is attached (and any intervening atoms, if
present) form an additional cyclic structure. In this way, the
bidentate substituent may give rise to a cyclic or polycyclic
(e.g., fused, bridged, spiro) structure, which may be aromatic.
[0855] Examples of bidentate groups include, but are not limited
to, C.sub.1-7alkylene groups, C.sub.3-20heterocyclylene groups, and
C.sub.5-20arylene groups, and substituted forms thereof.
Alkylene
[0856] Alkylene: The term "alkylene," as used herein, pertains to a
bidentate moiety obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms, either
both from the same carbon atom, or one from each of two different
carbon atoms, of a hydrocarbon compound having from 1 to 20 carbon
atoms (unless otherwise specified), which may be aliphatic or
alicyclic, and which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or
fully unsaturated. Thus, the term "alkylene" includes the
sub-classes alkenylene, alkynylene, cycloalkylene, etc., discussed
below.
[0857] In this context, the prefixes (e.g., C.sub.1-4, C.sub.1-7,
C.sub.1-20, C.sub.2-7, C.sub.3-7, etc.) denote the number of carbon
atoms, or range of number of carbon atoms. For example, the term
"C.sub.1-4alkylene," as used herein, pertains to an alkylene group
having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of groups of alkylene
groups include C.sub.1-4alkylene ("lower alkylene"),
C.sub.1-7alkylene, and C.sub.1-20alkylene.
[0858] Examples of linear saturated C.sub.1-7alkylene groups
include, but are not limited to, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n-- where n is an
integer from 1 to 7, for example, --CH.sub.2-- (methylene),
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (ethylene), --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(propylene), and --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(butylene).
[0859] Examples of branched saturated C.sub.1-7alkylene groups
include, but are not limited to, --CH(CH.sub.3)--,
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--, --CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)C.sub.1-12CH.sub.2--,
--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)--, --CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--, and
--CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--.
[0860] Examples of linear partially unsaturated C.sub.1-7alkylene
groups include, but is not limited to, --CH.dbd.CH-- (vinylene),
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--, --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--, and
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.SCH.dbd.CH--.
[0861] Examples of branched partially unsaturated C.sub.1-7alkylene
groups include, but is not limited to, --C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--,
--C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--, and
--CH.dbd.CH--CH(CH.sub.3)--.
[0862] Examples of alicyclic saturated C.sub.1-7alkylene groups
include, but are not limited to, cyclopentylene (e.g.,
cyclopent-1,3-ylene), and cyclohexylene (e.g.,
cyclohex-1,4-ylene).
[0863] Examples of alicyclic partially unsaturated
C.sub.1-7alkylene groups include, but are not limited to,
cyclopentenylene (e.g., 4-cyclopenten-1,3-ylene), cyclohexenylene
(e.g., 2-cyclonexen-1,4-yiene; 3-cyclohexen-1,2-yiene;
2,5-cyclonexadien-1,4-ylene),
Arylene
[0864] Arylene: The term "arylene," as used herein, pertains to a
bidentate moiety obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms, one from
each of two different aromatic ring atoms of an aromatic compound,
which moiety has from 3 to 20 ring atoms (unless otherwise
specified). Preferably, each ring has from 5 to 7 ring atoms.
[0865] In this context, the prefixes (e.g., C.sub.3-20, C.sub.5-7,
C.sub.5-6, etc.) denote the number of ring atoms, or range of
number of ring atoms, whether carbon atoms or heteroatoms. For
example, the term "C.sub.5-6arylene," as used herein, pertains to
an arylene group having 5 or 6 ring atoms. Examples of groups of
arylene groups include C.sub.3-20arylene, C.sub.3-12arylene,
C.sub.5-12arylene, C.sub.5-7arylene, and C.sub.5-6arylene.
[0866] The ring atoms may be all carbon atoms, as in "carboarylene
groups" (e.g., C.sub.5-20carboarylene).
[0867] Alternatively, the ring atoms may include one or more
heteroatoms, as in "heteroarylene groups" (e.g.,
C.sub.5-20heteroarylene).
[0868] Examples of C.sub.5-20arylene groups which do not have ring
heteroatoms (i.e., C.sub.5-20carboarylene groups) include, but are
not limited to, those derived from the compounds discussed above in
regard to carboaryl groups.
[0869] Examples of C.sub.5-20heteroarylene groups include, but are
not limited to, those derived from the compounds discussed above in
regard to heteroaryl groups.
Includes Other Forms
[0870] Unless otherwise specified, included in the above are the
well known ionic, salt, solvate, and protected forms of these
substituents. For example, a reference to carboxylic acid (--COOH)
also includes the anionic (carboxylate) form (--COO.sup.-), a salt
or solvate thereof, as well as conventional protected forms.
Similarly, a reference to an amino group includes the protonated
form (--N.sup.+HR.sup.1R.sup.2), a salt or solvate of the amino
group, for example, a hydrochloride salt, as well as conventional
protected forms of an amino group. Similarly, a reference to a
hydroxyl group also includes the anionic form (--O.sup.-), a salt
or solvate thereof, as well as conventional protected forms.
Isomers, Salts, Solvates, Protected Forms and Prodrugs
[0871] Certain compounds may exist in one or more particular
geometric, optical, enantiomeric, diasteriomeric, epimeric,
atropic, stereoisomeric, tautomeric, conformational, or anomeric
forms, including but not limited to, cis- and trans-forms; E- and
Z-forms; c-, t-, and r-forms; endo- and exo-forms; R-, S-, and
meso-forms; D- and L-forms; d- and l-forms; (+) and (-) forms;
keto-, end-, and enolate-forms; syn- and anti-forms; synclinal- and
anticlinal-forms; .alpha.- and .beta.-forms; axial and equatorial
forms; boat-, chair-, twist-, envelope-, and halfchair-forms; and
combinations thereof, hereinafter collectively referred to as
"isomers" (or "isomeric forms").
[0872] Note that, except as discussed below for tautomeric forms,
specifically excluded from the term "isomers," as used herein, are
structural (or constitutional) isomers (i.e., isomers which differ
in the connections between atoms rather than merely by the position
of atoms in space). For example, a reference to a methoxy group,
--OCH.sub.3, is not to be construed as a reference to its
structural isomer, a hydroxymethyl group, --CH.sub.2OH. Similarly,
a reference to ortho-chlorophenyl is not to be construed as a
reference to its structural isomer, meta-chlorophenyl. However, a
reference to a class of structures may well include structurally
isomeric forms falling within that class (e.g., C.sub.1-7alkyl
includes n-propyl and iso-propyl; butyl includes n-, iso-, sec-,
and tert-butyl; methoxyphenyl includes ortho-, meta-, and
para-methoxyphenyl).
[0873] The above exclusion does not pertain to tautomeric forms,
for example, keto-, enol-, and enolate-forms, as in, for example,
the following tautomeric pairs: keto/enol (illustrated below),
imine/enamine, amide/imino alcohol, amidine/amidine, nitroso/oxime,
thioketone/enethiol, N-nitrosothyroxyazo, and nitro/aci-nitro.
##STR00187##
[0874] Note that specifically included in the term "isomer" are
compounds with one or more isotopic substitutions. For example, H
may be in any isotopic form, including .sup.1H, .sup.2H(D), and
.sup.3H (T); C may be in any isotopic form, including .sup.12C,
.sup.13C, and .sup.14C; O may be in any isotopic form, including
.sup.16O and .sup.18O; and the like.
[0875] Unless otherwise specified, a reference to a particular
compound includes all such isomeric forms, including (wholly or
partially) racemic and other mixtures thereof. Methods for the
preparation (e.g., asymmetric synthesis) and separation (e.g.,
fractional crystallisation and chromatographic means) of such
isomeric forms are either known in the art or are readily obtained
by adapting the methods taught herein, or known methods, in a known
manner.
[0876] Unless otherwise specified, a reference to a particular
compound also includes ionic, salt, solvate, and protected forms of
thereof, for example, as discussed below.
[0877] It may be convenient or desirable to prepare, purify, and/or
handle a corresponding salt of the active compound, for example, a
pharmaceutically-acceptable salt. Examples of pharmaceutically
acceptable salts are discussed in Berge et al., 1977,
"Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts," J. Pharm. Sci., Vol. 66, pp.
1-19.
[0878] For example, if the compound is anionic, or has a functional
group which may be anionic (e.g., --COOH may be --COO.sup.-), then
a salt may be formed with a suitable cation. Examples of suitable
inorganic cations include, but are not limited to, alkali metal
ions such as Na.sup.+ and K.sup.+, alkaline earth cations such as
Ca.sup.2+ and Mg.sup.2+, and other cations such as Al.sup.+3.
Examples of suitable organic cations include, but are not limited
to, ammonium ion (i.e., NH.sub.4.sup.+) and substituted ammonium
ions (e.g., NH.sub.3R.sup.+, NH.sub.2R.sub.2.sup.+,
NHR.sub.3.sup.+, NR.sub.4.sup.+). Examples of some suitable
substituted ammonium ions are those derived from: ethylamine,
diethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, triethylamine, butylamine,
ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine,
benzylamine, phenylbenzylamine, choline, meglumine, and
tromethamine, as well as amino acids, such as lysine and arginine.
An example of a common quaternary ammonium ion is
N(CH.sub.3).sub.4.sup.+
[0879] If the compound is cationic, or has a functional group which
may be cationic (e.g., --NH.sub.2 may be --NH.sub.3.sup.+), then a
salt may be formed with a suitable anion. Examples of suitable
inorganic anions include, but are not limited to, those derived
from the following inorganic acids: hydrochloric, hydrobromic,
hydroiodic, sulfuric, sulfurous, nitric, nitrous, phosphoric, and
phosphorous.
[0880] Examples of suitable organic anions include, but are not
limited to, those derived from the following organic acids:
2-acetyoxybenzoic, acetic, ascorbic, aspartic, benzoic,
camphorsulfonic, cinnamic, citric, edetic, ethanedisulfonic,
ethanesulfonic, fumaric, glucheptonic, gluconic, glutamic,
glycolic, hydroxymaleic, hydroxynaphthalene carboxylic, isethionic,
lactic, lactobionic, lauric, maleic, malic, methanesulfonic, mucic,
oleic, oxalic, palmitic, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic,
phenylsulfonic, propionic, pyruvic, salicylic, stearic, succinic,
sulfanilic, tartaric, toluenesulfonic, and valeric. Examples of
suitable polymeric organic anions include, but are not limited to,
those derived from the following polymeric acids: tannic acid,
carboxymethyl cellulose.
[0881] It may be convenient or desirable to prepare, purify, and/or
handle a corresponding solvate of the active compound. The term
"solvate" is used herein in the conventional sense to refer to a
complex of solute (e.g., active compound, salt of active compound)
and solvent. If the solvent is water, the solvate may be
conveniently referred to as a hydrate, for example, a mono-hydrate,
a di-hydrate, a tri-hydrate, etc.
[0882] It may be convenient or desirable to prepare, purify, and/or
handle the active compound in a chemically protected form. The term
"chemically protected form" is used herein in the conventional
chemical sense and pertains to a compound in which one or more
reactive functional groups are protected from undesirable chemical
reactions under specified conditions (e.g., pH, temperature,
radiation, solvent, and the like). In practice, well known chemical
methods are employed to reversibly render unreactive a functional
group, which otherwise would be reactive, under specified
conditions. In a chemically protected form, one or more reactive
functional groups are in the form of a protected or protecting
group (also known as a masked or masking group or a blocked or
blocking group). By protecting a reactive functional group,
reactions involving other unprotected reactive functional groups
can be performed, without affecting the protected group; the
protecting group may be removed, usually in a subsequent step,
without substantially affecting the remainder of the molecule. See,
for example, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (T. Green and
P. Wuts; 3rd Edition; John Wiley and Sons, 1999).
[0883] A wide variety of such "protecting," "blocking," or
"masking" methods are widely used and well known in organic
synthesis. For example, a compound which has two nonequivalent
reactive functional groups, both of which would be reactive under
specified conditions, may be derivatized to render one of the
functional groups "protected," and therefore unreactive, under the
specified conditions; so protected, the compound may be used as a
reactant which has effectively only one reactive functional group.
After the desired reaction (involving the other functional group)
is complete, the protected group may be "deprotected" to return it
to its original functionality.
[0884] For example, a hydroxy group may be protected as an ether
(--OR) or an ester (--OC(.dbd.O)R), for example, as: a t-butyl
ether; a benzyl, benzhydryl (diphenylmethyl), or trityl
(triphenylmethyl)ether; a trimethylsilyl or t-butyldimethylsilyl
ether; or an acetyl ester (--OC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.3, --OAc).
[0885] For example, an aldehyde or ketone group may be protected as
an acetal (R--CH(OR).sub.2) or ketal (R.sub.2C(OR).sub.2),
respectively, in which the carbonyl group (>C.dbd.O) is
converted to a diether (>C(OR).sub.2), by reaction with, for
example, a primary alcohol. The aldehyde or ketone group is readily
regenerated by hydrolysis using a large excess of water in the
presence of acid.
[0886] For example, an amine group may be protected, for example,
as an amide (--NRCO--R) or a urethane (--NRCO--OR), for example,
as: a methyl amide (--NHCO--CH.sub.3); a benzyloxy amide
(--NHCO--OCH.sub.2C.sub.6H.sub.5, --NH-Cbz); as a t-butoxy amide
(--NHCO--OC(CH.sub.3).sub.3, --NH-Boc); a 2-biphenyl-2-propoxy
amide (--NHCO--OC(CH.sub.3).sub.2C.sub.6H.sub.4C.sub.6H.sub.5,
--NH-Bpoc), as a 9-fluorenylmethoxy amide (--NH-Fmoc), as a
6-nitroveratryloxy amide (--NH-Nvoc), as a 2-trimethylsilylethyloxy
amide (--NH-Teoc), as a 2,2,2-trichloroethyloxy amide (--NH-Troc),
as an allyloxy amide (--NH-Alloc), as a 2(-phenylsulphonyl)ethyloxy
amide (--NH-Psec); or, in suitable cases (e.g., cyclic amines), as
a nitroxide radical (>N--O.).
[0887] For example, a carboxylic acid group may be protected as an
ester for example, as: an C.sub.1-7alkyl ester (e.g., a methyl
ester; a t-butyl ester); a C.sub.1-7haloalkyl ester (e.g., a
C.sub.1-7trihaloalkyl ester); a triC.sub.1-7alkylsilyl-C-palkyl
ester; or a C.sub.5-20aryl-C.sub.1-7alkyl ester (e.g., a benzyl
ester; a nitrobenzyl ester); or as an amide, for example, as a
methyl amide.
[0888] For example, a thiol group may be protected as a thioether
(--SR), for example, as: a benzyl thioether; an acetamidomethyl
ether (--S--CH.sub.2NHC(.dbd.O)CH.sub.3).
[0889] It may be convenient or desirable to prepare, purify, and/or
handle the active compound in the form of a prodrug. The term
"prodrug," as used herein, pertains to a compound which, when
metabolised (e.g., in vivo), yields the desired active compound.
Typically, the prodrug is inactive, or less active than the active
compound, but may provide advantageous handling, administration, or
metabolic properties.
[0890] For example, some prodrugs are esters of the active compound
(e.g., a physiologically acceptable metabolically labile ester).
During metabolism, the ester group (--C(.dbd.O)OR) is cleaved to
yield the active drug. Such esters may be formed by esterification,
for example, of any of the carboxylic acid groups (--C(.dbd.O)OH)
in the parent compound, with, where appropriate, prior protection
of any other reactive groups present in the parent compound,
followed by deprotection if required.
[0891] Examples of such metabolically labile esters include those
of the formula --C(.dbd.O)OR wherein R is:
C.sub.1-7alkyl (e.g., -Me, -Et, -nPr, -iPr, -nBu, -sBu, -iBu,
-tBu); C.sub.1-7aminoalkyl (e.g., aminoethyl;
2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl; 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl); and
acyloxy-C.sub.1-7alkyl (e.g., acyloxymethyl; acyloxyethyl;
pivaloyloxymethyl; acetoxymethyl; 1-acetoxyethyl;
1-(1-methoxy-1-methyl)ethyl-carbonxyloxyethyl; 1-(benzoyloxy)ethyl;
isopropoxy-carbonyloxymethyl; 1-isopropoxy-carbonyloxyethyl;
cyclohexyl-carbonyloxymethyl; 1-cyclohexyl-carbonyloxyethyl;
cyclohexyloxy-carbonyloxymethyl; 1-cyclohexyloxy-carbonyloxyethyl;
(4-tetrahydropyranyloxy) carbonyloxymethyl;
1-(4-tetrahydropyranyloxy)carbonyloxyethyl;
(4-tetrahydropyranyl)carbonyloxymethyl; and
1-(4-tetrahydropyranyl)carbonyloxyethyl).
[0892] Also, some prodrugs are activated enzymatically to yield the
active compound, or a compound which, upon further chemical
reaction, yields the active compound (for example, as in ADEPT,
GDEPT, LIDEPT, etc.). For example, the prodrug may be a sugar
derivative or other glycoside conjugate, or may be an amino acid
ester derivative.
Acronyms
[0893] For convenience, many chemical moieties are represented
using well known abbreviations, including but not limited to,
methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), n-propyl (nPr), iso-propyl (iPr), n-butyl
(nBu), sec-butyl (sBu), iso-butyl (iBu), tert-butyl (tBu), n-hexyl
(nHex), cyclohexyl (cHex), phenyl (Ph), biphenyl (biPh), benzyl
(Bn), naphthyl (naph), methoxy (MeO), ethoxy (EtO), benzoyl (Bz),
and acetyl (Ac).
[0894] For convenience, many chemical compounds are represented
using well known abbreviations, including but not limited to,
methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), iso-propanol (i-PrOH), methyl
ethyl ketone (MEK), ether or diethyl ether (Et.sub.2O), acetic acid
(AcOH), dichloromethane (methylene chloride, DCM), acetonitrile
(ACN), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), dimethylformamide (DMF),
tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
Synthesis
[0895] Methods for the chemical synthesis of compounds of the
present invention are described herein. These methods may be
modified and/or adapted in known ways in order to facilitate the
synthesis of additional compounds within the scope of the present
invention.
[0896] The compounds of the present invention may be prepared, for
example, by the methods described herein, or by adapting these or
other well known methods in well known ways.
[0897] In one method, a suitable chloro sulfonate (also having a
protected carboxylic acid group, e.g., ester) is prepared, for
example, from an aldehyde, by reaction with, e.g., H.sub.2SO.sub.4
and SO.sub.3, followed by reaction with, e.g., a suitable
phosphate, e.g., (MeO).sub.2P(O)R, followed by reaction with, e.g.,
SO.sub.2Cl.sub.2. An example of such a method is illustrated in the
following scheme.
##STR00188##
[0898] The chloro sulfonate is then reacted with a suitable
piperazine, to give the corresponding piperazino sulfonamide. An
example of such a method is illustrated in the following scheme
(see also Method A below).
##STR00189##
[0899] The protected carboxylic acid group (e.g., ester) is then
converted to a hydroxarnic acid, for example, by deprotection with
NaOH, followed by reaction with (COCl).sub.2, followed by reaction
with NH.sub.2OH. An example of such a method is illustrated in the
following scheme (see also Methods B, C, and D below).
##STR00190##
[0900] In another method, a suitable phenylacrylic acid is reacted
with, e.g., chlorosulfonic acid (HSO.sub.3Cl) to form the
corresponding para-chlorosulfonylphenyl acrylic acid, which is then
reacted with piperazine to form the corresponding piperazino
sulfonamide. An example of such a method is illustrated in the
following scheme.
##STR00191##
[0901] The carboxylic acid group (e.g., ester) is then converted to
a chloroacyl group, for example, by reaction with (COCl).sub.2, and
is then converted to a hydroxamic acid by reaction with, for
example, NH.sub.2OH. An example of such a method is illustrated in
the following scheme.
##STR00192##
[0902] In another method, suitable piperazine compounds are
prepared by reaction of piperazine with a suitable carboxylic acid
(R--COOH), for example, in the presence of hydroxybenzotriazole, to
give the corresponding amide. An example of such a method is
illustrated in the following scheme (see also Method E below).
##STR00193##
[0903] In another method, a suitably protected (e.g.,
t-butoxycarbonyl protected) piperazine is reacted with, for
example, a haloacyl compound (e.g., chloroacylbenzene, PhCOCl) or a
suitable carboxylic acid (R--COOH), to give the corresponding
amide, followed by deprotection (e.g., with HCl/MeOH and NaOH). An
example of such a method is illustrated in the following scheme
(see also Methods F and G, below).
##STR00194##
[0904] In another method, the piperazine amide is hydrogenated, for
example, by reaction with LiAlH.sub.4/THF, to give the
corresponding N-substituted piperazine. An example of such a method
is illustrated in the following scheme (see also Method H
below).
##STR00195##
[0905] A number of N-substituted piperazine compounds are
commercially available, and/or can be readily prepared using well
known methods. Examples of such compounds include the following:
[0906] N-phenylpiperazine (17a); [0907]
1-(diphenylmethyl)piperazine (17b); [0908]
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride (17c); [0909]
1-(2-chlorophenyl)piperazine (17d); [0910]
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (17e); [0911]
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (17f); [0912]
1-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (17g); [0913]
1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine (17h); [0914]
1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperazine (17i); [0915]
1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine (17j); [0916]
1-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazine (17k); [0917]
1-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine (17l); [0918] 2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrimidine
(17m); and [0919] 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)piperazine (17n).
[0920] In another method, a suitable carboxylic acid (also having a
protected carboxylic acid group) is reacted with a suitable
piperazine, for example, in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole
(CDI). An example of such a method is illustrated in the following
scheme (see also Methods J, K, and L, below).
##STR00196##
[0921] The protected carboxylic acid group (e.g., ester) is then
converted to a hydroxamic acid, for example, by reaction with
NH.sub.2OH and NaOMe in methanol. An example of such a method is
illustrated in the following scheme (see also Methods Q and R,
below).
##STR00197##
[0922] In another method, a suitable carboxylic acid (also having a
protected carboxylic acid group) is reacted with (COCl).sub.2 and
H.sub.2NOBn, to give the corresponding benzyloxyamide. The
protected carboxylic acid group is then deprotected, for example,
by reaction with NaOH, and then reacted with a suitable piperazine
to give the corresponding piperazine amide. The benzyloxyamide is
then converted to a carbamic acid, for example, by reaction with
H.sub.2 over Pd(C). An example of such a method is illustrated in
the following scheme (see also Methods M, N, P, and S, below).
##STR00198##
Use
[0923] The present invention provides active compounds,
specifically, active carbamic acids, as described herein.
[0924] The term "active," as used herein, specifically includes
both compounds with intrinsic activity (drugs) as well as prodrugs
of such compounds, which prodrugs may themselves exhibit little or
no intrinsic activity.
[0925] The present invention also provides active compounds which
inhibit HDAC activity.
[0926] The present invention also provides methods of inhibiting
HDAC in a cell, comprising contacting said cell with an effective
amount of an active compound. Such a method may be practised in
vitro or in vivo. In one embodiment, the method is performed in
vitro. In one embodiment, the method is performed in vivo.
Preferably, the active compound is provided in the form of a
pharmaceutically acceptable composition.
[0927] The term "inhibiting HDAC," as used herein, includes:
inhibiting HDAC activity; inhibiting the formation of HDAC
complexes; and inhibiting the activity of HDAC complexes.
[0928] One of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to
determine whether or not a candidate compound inhibits HDAC
activity. For example, one assay which may conveniently be used in
order to assess the HDAC inhibition offered by a particular
compound is described in the examples below.
[0929] The present invention also provides active compounds which
(a) regulate (e.g., inhibit) cell proliferation; (b) inhibit cell
cycle progression; (c) promote apoptosis; or (d) a combination of
one or more of these.
[0930] Thus, the present invention also provides methods of (a)
regulating (e.g., inhibiting) cell proliferation; (b) inhibiting
cell cycle progression; (c) promoting apoptosis; or (d) a
combination of one or more of these, in vitro or in vivo,
comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of an active
compound, as described herein.
[0931] One of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to
determine whether or not a candidate compound regulate (e.g.,
inhibit) cell proliferation, etc. For example, assays which may
conveniently be used to assess the activity offered by a particular
compound are described in the examples below.
[0932] For example, a sample of cells (e.g., from a tumour) may be
grown in vitro and an active compound brought into contact with
said cells, and the effect of the compound on those cells observed.
As an example of "effect," the morphological status of the cells
(e.g., alive or dead, etc.) may be determined. Where the active
compound is found to exert an influence on the cells, this may be
used as a prognostic or diagnostic marker of the efficacy of the
compound in methods of treating a patient carrying cells of the
same cellular type.
Methods of Treatment, Etc.
[0933] The invention further provides methods of treatment,
comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment a
therapeutically-effective amount of an active compound, preferably
in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.
[0934] The invention further provides active compounds for use in a
method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy, for
example, in the treatment of a condition mediated by HDAC, a
condition known to be treated by HDAC inhibitors (such as, e.g.,
trichostatin A), cancer, a proliferative condition, or other
condition as described herein.
[0935] The invention further provides the use of an active compound
for the manufacture of a medicament, for example, for the treatment
of a condition mediated by HDAC, a condition known to be treated by
HDAC inhibitors (such as, e.g., trichostatin A), cancer, a
proliferative condition, or other condition as described
herein.
Treatment
[0936] The term "treatment," as used herein in the context of
treating a condition, pertains generally to treatment and therapy,
whether of a human or an animal (e.g., in veterinary applications),
in which some desired therapeutic effect is achieved, for example,
the inhibition of the progress of the condition, and includes a
reduction in the rate of progress, a haft in the rate of progress,
amelioration of the condition, and cure of the condition. Treatment
as a prophylactic measure (i.e., prophylaxis) is also included.
[0937] The term "therapeutically-effective amount," as used herein,
pertains to that amount of an active compound, or a material,
composition or dosage form comprising an active compound, which is
effective for producing some desired therapeutic effect,
commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
[0938] The term "treatment" includes combination treatments and
therapies, in which two or more treatments or therapies are
combined, for example, sequentially or simultaneously. Examples of
treatments and therapies include, but are not limited to,
chemotherapy (the administration of active agents, including, e.g.,
drugs, antibodies (e.g., as in immunotherapy), prodrugs (e.g., as
in photodynamic therapy, GDEPT, ADEPT, etc.); surgery; radiation
therapy; and gene therapy.
[0939] Active compounds may also be used, as described above, in
combination therapies, that is, in conjunction with other agents,
for example, cytotoxic agents.
Anti-HDAC Applications
[0940] The present invention also provides active compounds which
are anti-HDAC agents, and which treat a condition mediated by
HDAC.
[0941] The term "a condition mediated by HDAC," as used herein
pertains to a condition in which HDAC and/or the action of HDAC is
important or necessary, e.g., for the onset, progress, expression,
etc. of that condition, or a condition which is known to be treated
by HDAC inhibitors (such as, e.g., trichostatin A).
[0942] Examples of such conditions include, but are not limited to,
the following: [0943] Cancer (see, e.g., Vigushin et al., 2001).
[0944] Psoriasis (see, e.g., lavarone et al., 1999). [0945]
Fibroproliferative disorders (e.g., liver fibrosis) (see, e.g.,
Niki et al., 1999; Cornell at al., 1998). [0946] Smooth muscle
proliferative disorder (e.g., atherosclerosis, restenosis) (see,
e.g., Kimura et al., 1994). [0947] Neurodegenative diseases (e.g.,
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's chorea, amyotropic lateral
sclerosis, spino-cerebellar degeneration) (see, e.g., Kuusisto et
al., 2001). [0948] Inflammatory disease (e.g., osteoarthritis,
rheumatoid arthritis) (see, e.g., Dangond at al., 1998; Takahashi
et al., 1996). [0949] Diseases involving angiogenesis (e.g.,
cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, diabetic retinopathy)
(see, e.g., Kim et al., 2001). [0950] Haematopoietic disorders
(e.g., anaemia, sickle cell anaemia, thalassaeimia) (see, e.g.,
McCaffrey at al., 1997). [0951] Fungal infection (see, e.g.,
Bernstein et al., 2000; Tsuji et al., 1976). [0952] Parasitic
infection (e.g., malaria, trypanosomiasis, helminthiasis, protozoal
infections (see, e.g., Andrews et al., 2000). [0953] Bacterial
infection (see, e.g., Onishi et al., 1996). [0954] Viral infection
(see, e.g., Chang at al., 2000). [0955] Conditions treatable by
immune modulation (e.g., multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes,
lupus, atopic dermatitis, allergies, asthma, allergic rhinitis,
inflammatory bowel disease; and for improving grafting of
transplants) (see, e.g., Dangond at al., 1998; Takahashi at al.,
1996).
[0956] One of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to
determine whether or not a candidate compound treats a condition
mediated by HDAC for any particular cell type. For example, assays
which may conveniently be used to assess the activity offered by a
particular compound are described in the examples below.
Anticancer Applications
[0957] The present invention also provides active compounds which
are anticancer agents, and treat cancer.
[0958] Thus, the present invention also provides methods of
treating cancer, comprising administering to a subject in need of
treatment a therapeutically-effective amount of an active compound,
as described herein, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical
composition.
[0959] One of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to
determine whether or not a candidate compound treats a cancerous
condition for any particular cell type. For example, assays which
may conveniently be used to assess the activity offered by a
particular compound are described in the examples below.
[0960] The term "anticancer agent" as used herein, pertains to a
compound which treats a cancer (i.e., a compound which is useful in
the treatment of a cancer). The anti-cancer effect may arise
through one or more mechanisms, including but not limited to, the
regulation of cell proliferation, the inhibition of cell cycle
progression, the inhibition of angiogenesis (the formation of new
blood vessels), the inhibition of metastasis (the spread of a
tumour from its origin), the inhibition of invasion (the spread of
tumour cells into neighbouring normal structures), or the promotion
of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Examples of cancers are
discussed below.
Antiproliferative Applications
[0961] The present invention also provides active compounds which
are antiproliferative agents. The term "antiproliferative agent" as
used herein, pertain to a compound which treats a proliferative
condition (i.e., a compound which is useful in the treatment of a
proliferative condition).
[0962] Thus, the present invention also provides methods of
treating a proliferative condition, comprising administering to a
subject in need of treatment a therapeutically-effective amount of
an active compound, as described herein, preferably in the form of
a pharmaceutical composition.
[0963] One of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to
determine whether or not a candidate compound treats a
proliferative condition for any particular cell type. For example,
assays which may conveniently be used to assess the activity
offered by a particular compound are described in the examples
below.
[0964] The terms "cell proliferation," "proliferative condition,"
"proliferative disorder," and "proliferative disease," are used
interchangeably herein and pertain to an unwanted or uncontrolled
cellular proliferation of excessive or abnormal cells which is
undesired, such as, neoplastic or hyperplastic growth, whether in
vitro or in viva.
[0965] Examples of proliferative conditions include, but are not
limited to, benign, pre-malignant, and malignant cellular
proliferation, including but not limited to, neoplasms and tumours
(e.g., histocytoma, glioma, astrocyoma, osteoma), cancers (e.g.,
lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, bowel
cancer, colon cancer, breast carinoma, ovarian carcinoma, prostate
cancer, testicular cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, bladder
cancer, pancreas cancer, brain cancer, sarcoma, osteosarcoma,
Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma), leukemias, psoriasis, bone diseases,
fibroproliferative disorders (e.g., of connective tissues), and
atherosclerosis.
[0966] Any type of cell may be treated, including but not limited
to, lung, gastrointestinal (including, e.g., bowel, colon), breast
(mammary), ovarian, prostate, liver (hepatic), kidney (renal),
bladder, pancreas, brain, and skin.
Additional Uses
[0967] Active compounds may also be used as cell culture additives
to inhibit HDAC, for example, in order to regulate (e.g., inhibit)
cell proliferation in vitro.
[0968] Active compounds may also be used as part of an in vitro
assay, for example, in order to determine whether a candidate host
is likely to benefit from treatment with the compound in
question.
[0969] Active compounds may also be used as a standard, for
example, in an assay, in order to identify other active compounds,
other HDAC inhibitors, other anticancer agents, other
antiproliferative agents, etc.
[0970] The compounds of the present invention may also be used in
methods of improving protein production by cultured cells (see,
e.g., Furukawa et al., 1998).
Routes of Administration
[0971] The active compound or pharmaceutical composition comprising
the active compound may be administered to a subject by any
convenient route of administration, whether
systemically/peripherally or topically (i.e., at the site of
desired action).
[0972] Routes of administration include, but are not limited to,
oral (e.g, by ingestion); buccal; sublingual; transdermal
(including, e.g., by a patch, piaster, etc.); transmucosal
(including, e.g., by a patch, plaster, etc.); intranasal (e.g., by
nasal spray); ocular (e.g., by eyedrops); pulmonary (e.g., by
inhalation or insufflation therapy using, e.g., via an aerosol,
e.g., through the mouth or nose); rectal (e.g., by suppository or
enema); vaginal (e.g., by pessary); parenteral, for example, by
injection, including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular,
intravenous, intraarterial, intracardiac, intrathecal, intraspinal,
intracapsular, subcapsular, intraorbital, intraperitoneal,
intratracheal, subcuticular, intraarticular, subarachnoid, and
intrasternal; by implant of a depot or reservoir, for example,
subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
The Subject
[0973] The subject may be a prokaryote (e.g., bacteria) or a
eukaryote (e.g., protoctista, fungi, plants, animals).
[0974] The subject may be a protoctista, an alga, or a
protozoan.
[0975] The subject may be a plant, an angiosperm, a dicotyledon, a
monocotyledon, a gymnosperm, a conifer, a ginkgo, a cycad, a fern,
a horsetail, a clubmoss, a liverwort, or a moss.
[0976] The subject may be an animal.
[0977] The subject may be a chordate, an invertebrate, an
echinoderm (e.g., starfish, sea urchins, brittiestars), an
arthropod, an annelid (segmented worms) (e.g., earthworms,
lugworms, leeches), a mollusk (cephalopods (e.g., squids, octopi),
pelecypods (e.g., oysters, mussels, clams), gastropods (e.g.,
snails, slugs)), a nematode (round worms), a platyhelminthes
(flatworms) (e.g., planarians, flukes, tapeworms), a cnidaria
(e.g., jelly fish, sea anemones, corals), or a porifera (e.g.,
sponges).
[0978] The subject may be an arthropod, an insect (e.g., beetles,
butterflies, moths), a chilopoda (centipedes), a diplopoda
(millipedes), a crustacean (e.g., shrimps, crabs, lobsters), or an
arachnid (e.g., spiders, scorpions, mites).
[0979] The subject may be a chordate, a vertebrate, a mammal, a
bird, a reptile (e.g., snakes, lizards, crocodiles), an amphibian
(e.g., frogs, toads), a bony fish (e.g., salmon, plaice, eel,
lungfish), a cartilaginous fish (e.g., sharks, rays), or a lawless
fish (e.g., lampreys, hagfish).
[0980] The subject may be a mammal, a placental mammal, a marsupial
(e.g., kangaroo, wombat), a monotreme (e.g., duckbilled platypus),
a rodent (e.g., a guinea pig, a hamster, a rat, a mouse), murine
(e.g., a mouse), a lagomorph (e.g., a rabbit), avian (e.g., a
bird), canine (e.g., a dog), feline (e.g., a cat), equine (e.g., a
horse), porciree (e.g., a pig), ovine (e.g., a sheep), bovine
(e.g., a cow), a primate, simian (e.g., a monkey or ape), a monkey
(e.g., marmoset, baboon), an ape (e.g., gorilla, chimpanzee,
orangutang, gibbon), or a human.
[0981] Furthermore, the subject may be any of its forms of
development, for example, a spore, a seed, an egg, a larva, a pupa,
or a foetus.
Formulations
[0982] While it is possible for the active compound to be used
(e.g., administered) alone, it is often preferable to present it as
a formulation.
[0983] Thus, one aspect of the present invention pertains to a
composition comprising a compound, as described herein, and a
carrier.
[0984] In one embodiment, the composition is a pharmaceutical
composition (e.g., formulation, preparation, medicament) comprising
a compound, as described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
[0985] In one embodiment, the composition is a pharmaceutical
composition comprising at least one compound, as described herein,
together with one or more other pharmaceutically acceptable
ingredients well known to those skilled in the art, including, but
not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents,
excipients, adjuvants, fillers, buffers, preservatives,
anti-oxidants, lubricants, stabilisers, solubilisers, surfactants
(e.g., wetting agents), masking agents, colouring agents,
flavouring agents, and sweetening agents.
[0986] In one embodiment, the composition further comprises other
active agents, for example, other therapeutic or prophylactic
agents.
[0987] Suitable carriers, diluents, excipients, etc. can be found
in standard pharmaceutical texts. See, for example, Handbook of
Pharmaceutical Additives, 2nd Edition (eds. M. Ash and I. Ash),
2001 (Synapse Information Resources, Inc., Endicott, New York,
USA), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, Mack
Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1990; and Handbook of
Pharmaceutical Excipients, 2nd edition, 1994.
[0988] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to methods
of making a pharmaceutical composition comprising admixing at least
one active compound, as defined above, together with one or more
other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients well known to those
skilled in the art, e.g., carriers, diluents, excipients, etc. If
formulated as discrete units (e.g., tablets, etc.), each unit
contains a predetermined amount (dosage) of the active
compound.
[0989] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" as used herein
pertains to compounds, ingredients, materials, compositions, dosage
forms, etc., which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment,
suitable for use in contact with the tissues of the subject in
question (e.g., human) without excessive toxicity, irritation,
allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate
with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. Each carrier, diluent,
excipient, etc. must also be "acceptable" in the sense of being
compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation.
[0990] The formulations may be prepared by any methods well known
in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing
into association the active compound with a carrier which
constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the
formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into
association the active compound with carriers (e.g., liquid
carriers, finely divided solid carrier, etc.), and then shaping the
product, if necessary.
[0991] The formulation may be prepared to provide for rapid or slow
release; immediate, delayed, timed, or sustained release; or a
combination thereof.
[0992] Formulations may suitably be in the form of liquids,
solutions (e.g., aqueous, non-aqueous), suspensions (e.g., aqueous,
non-aqueous), emulsions (e.g., oil-in-water, water-in-oil),
elixirs, syrups, electuaries, mouthwashes, drops, tablets
(including, e.g., coated tablets), granules, powders, losenges,
pastilles, capsules (including, e.g., hard and soft gelatin
capsules), cachets, pills, ampoules, boluses, suppositories,
pessaries, tinctures, gels, pastes, ointments, creams, lotions,
oils, foams, sprays, mists, or aerosols.
[0993] Formulations may suitably be provided as a patch, adhesive
plaster, bandage, dressing, or the like which is impregnated with
one or more active compounds and optionally one or more other
pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients, including, for example,
penetration, permeation, and absorption enhancers. Formulations may
also suitably be provided in a the form of a depot or
reservoir.
[0994] The active compound may be dissolved in, suspended in, or
admixed with one or more other pharmaceutically acceptable
ingredients. The active compound may be presented in a liposome or
other microparticulate which is designed to target the active
compound, for example, to blood components or one or more
organs.
[0995] Formulations suitable for oral administration (e.g, by
ingestion) include liquids, solutions (e.g., aqueous, non-aqueous),
suspensions (e.g., aqueous, non-aqueous), emulsions (e.g.,
oil-in-water, water-in-oil), elixirs, syrups, electuaries, tablets,
granules, powders, capsules, cachets, pills, ampoules, boluses.
[0996] Formulations suitable for buccal administration include
mouthwashes, losenges, pastilles, as well as patches, adhesive
plasters, depots, and reservoirs. Losenges typically comprise the
active compound in a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or
tragacanth. Pastilles typically comprise the active compound in an
inert matrix, such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia.
Mouthwashes typically comprise the active compound in a suitable
liquid carrier.
[0997] Formulations suitable for sublingual administration include
tablets, losenges, pastilles, capsules, and pills.
[0998] Formulations suitable for oral transmucosal administration
include liquids, solutions (e.g., aqueous, non-aqueous),
suspensions (e.g., aqueous, non-aqueous), emulsions (e.g.,
oil-in-water, water-in-oil), mouthwashes, losenges, pastilles, as
well as patches, adhesive plasters, depots, and reservoirs.
[0999] Formulations suitable for non-oral transmucosal
administration include liquids, solutions (e.g., aqueous,
non-aqueous), suspensions (e.g., aqueous, non-aqueous), emulsions
(e.g., oil-in-water, water-in-oil), suppositories, pessaries, gels,
pastes, ointments, creams, lotions, oils, as well as patches,
adhesive plasters, depots, and reservoirs.
[1000] Formulations suitable for transdermal administration include
gels, pastes, ointments, creams, lotions, and oils, as well as
patches, adhesive plasters, bandages, dressings, depots, and
reservoirs.
[1001] Tablets may be made by conventional means, e.g., compression
or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable
machine the active compound in a free-flowing form such as a powder
or granules, optionally mixed with one or more binders (e.g.,
povidone, gelatin, acacia, sorbitol, tragacanth,
hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose); fillers or diluents (e.g., lactose,
microcrystalline cellulose, calcium hydrogen phosphate); lubricants
(e.g., magnesium stearate, talc, silica); disintegrants (e.g.,
sodium starch glycolate, cross-linked povidone, cross-linked sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose); surface-active or dispersing or wetting
agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate); preservatives (e.g., methyl
p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sorbic acid);
flavours, flavour enhancing agents, and sweeteners. Molded tablets
may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the
powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The
tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so
as to provide slow or controlled release of the active compound
therein using, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in
varying proportions to provide the desired release profile. Tablets
may optionally be provided with a coating, for example, to affect
release, for example an enteric coating, to provide release in
parts of the gut other than the stomach.
[1002] Ointments are typically prepared from the active compound
and a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base.
[1003] Creams are typically prepared from the active compound and
an oil-in-water cream base. If desired, the aqueous phase of the
cream base may include, for example, at least about 30% w/w of a
polyhydric alcohol, i.e., an alcohol having two or more hydroxyl
groups such as propylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, mannitol,
sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
The topical formulations may desirably include a compound which
enhances absorption or penetration of the active compound through
the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal
penetration enhancers include dimethylsulfoxide and related
analogues.
[1004] Emulsions are typically prepared from the active compound
and an oily phase, which may optionally comprise merely an
emulsifier (otherwise known as an emulgent), or it may comprises a
mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with
both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is
included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a
stabiliser. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat.
Together, the emulsifier(s) with or without stabiliser(s) make up
the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil
and/or fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which
forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations.
[1005] Suitable emulgents and emulsion stabilisers include Tween
60, Span 80, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl
monostearate and sodium lauryl sulphate. The choice of suitable
oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired
cosmetic properties, since the solubility of the active compound in
most oils likely to be used in pharmaceutical emulsion formulations
may be very low. Thus the cream should preferably be a non-greasy,
non-staining and washable product with suitable consistency to
avoid leakage from tubes or other containers. Straight or branched
chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as di-isoadipate,
isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids,
isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl
stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain
esters known as Crodamol CAP may be used, the last three being
preferred esters. These may be used alone or in combination
depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting
point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or
other mineral oils can be used.
[1006] Formulations suitable for intranasal administration, where
the carrier is a liquid, include, for example, nasal spray, nasal
drops, or by aerosol administration by nebuliser, include aqueous
or oily solutions of the active compound.
[1007] Formulations suitable for intranasal administration, where
the carrier is a solid, include, for example, those presented as a
coarse powder having a particle size, for example, in the range of
about 20 to about 500 microns which is administered in the manner
in which snuff is taken, i.e., by rapid inhalation through the
nasal passage from a container of the powder held close up to the
nose.
[1008] Formulations suitable for pulmonary administration (e.g., by
inhalation or insufflation therapy) include those presented as an
aerosol spray from a pressurised pack, with the use of a suitable
propellant, such as dichlorodifluoromethane,
trichlorofluoromethane, dichloro-tetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide,
or other suitable gases.
[1009] Formulations suitable for ocular administration include eye
drops wherein the active compound is dissolved or suspended in a
suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent for the active
compound.
[1010] Formulations suitable for rectal administration may be
presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising, for
example, natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats, semi-liquid or
liquid polyols, for example, cocoa butter or a salicylate; or as a
solution or suspension for treatment by enema.
[1011] Formulations suitable for vaginal administration may be
presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or
spray formulations containing in addition to the active compound,
such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
[1012] Formulations suitable for parenteral administration (e.g.,
by injection), include aqueous or non-aqueous, isotonic,
pyrogen-free, sterile liquids (e.g., solutions, suspensions), in
which the active compound is dissolved, suspended, or otherwise
provided (e.g., in a liposome or other microparticulate). Such
liquids may additional contain other pharmaceutically acceptable
ingredients, such as anti-oxidants, buffers, preservatives,
stabilisers, bacteriostats, suspending agents, thickening agents,
and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood
(or other relevant bodily fluid) of the intended recipient.
Examples of excipients include, for example, water, alcohols,
polyols, glycerol, vegetable oils, and the like. Examples of
suitable isotonic carriers for use in such formulations include
Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringer's Solution, or Lactated Ringer's
Injection. Typically, the concentration of the active compound in
the liquid is from about 1 ng/ml to about 10 .mu.g/ml, for example
from about 10 ng/ml to about 1 .mu.g/ml. The formulations may be
presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, for
example, ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried
(lyophilised) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile
liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior
to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be
prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets.
Dosage
[1013] It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that
appropriate dosages of the active compounds, and compositions
comprising the active compounds, can vary from patient to patient.
Determining the optimal dosage will generally involve the balancing
of the level of therapeutic benefit against any risk or deleterious
side effects. The selected dosage level will depend on a variety of
factors including, but not limited to, the activity of the
particular compound, the route of administration, the time of
administration, the rate of excretion of the compound, the duration
of the treatment, other drugs, compounds, and/or materials used in
combination, the severity of the condition, and the species, sex,
age, weight, condition, general health, and prior medical history
of the patient. The amount of compound and route of administration
will ultimately be at the discretion of the physician,
veterinarian, or clinician, although generally the dosage will be
selected to achieve local concentrations at the site of action
which achieve the desired effect without causing substantial
harmful or deleterious side-effects.
[1014] Administration can be effected in one dose, continuously or
intermittently (e.g., in divided doses at appropriate intervals)
throughout the course of treatment. Methods of determining the most
effective means and dosage of administration are well known to
those of skill in the art and will vary with the formulation used
for therapy, the purpose of the therapy, the target cell(s) being
treated, and the subject being treated. Single or multiple
administrations can be carried out with the dose level and pattern
being selected by the treating physician, veterinarian, or
clinician.
[1015] in general, a suitable dose of the active compound is in the
range of about 0.1 to about 250 mg per kilogram body weight of the
subject per day. Where the active compound is a salt, an ester, an
amide, a prodrug, or the like, the amount administered is
calculated on the basis of the parent compound and so the actual
weight to be used is increased proportionately.
Kits
[1016] One aspect of the invention pertains to a kit comprising (a)
the active ingredient, preferably provided in a suitable container
and/or with suitable packaging; and (b) instructions for use, for
example, written instructions on how to administer the active
compound, etc.
[1017] The written instructions may also include a list of
indications for which the active ingredient is a suitable
treatment.
EXAMPLES
[1018] The following are examples are provided solely to illustrate
the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of
the invention, as described herein.
General
[1019] .sup.1H NMR spectra were recorded at ambient temperature
with WH-90/DS or Mercury 200 (Varian) spectrometers. The HPLC
measurements were performed on a Gilson Model 302 system equipped
with a spectrophotometer. Elemental analyses were obtained with a
Carlo Erba EA 1108 instrument. Melting points were measured on a
"Boetius" micro melting point apparatus and are uncorrected.
Silicagel, 0.035-0.070 mm, (Acres) was employed for column
chromatography. All the solvents were purified before use by
routine techniques. To isolate reaction products the solvents were
removed by evaporation using a vacuum rotary evaporator, the water
bath temperature not exceeding 40.degree. C.
[1020] Various reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (The Old
Brickyard, New Road, Gillingham, Dorset, UK), Acros Organics
(Janssens Pharmaceuticalaan 3A, 2440 Geel, Belgium), Lancaster
Synthesis Ltd. (Eastgate, White Lund, Morecambe, Lancashire, LA3
3DY, UK), and Bapeks Ltd. (Riga, Latvia).
Example 1
3-Formylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (1)
[1021] Oleum (5 mL) was placed in a reaction vessel and
benzaldehyde (2.00 g, 18.84 mmol) was slowly added not exceeding
the temperature of the reaction mixture more than 30.degree. C. The
obtained solution was stirred at 40.degree. C. for 10 hours and at
ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into
ice and extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was treated
with CaCO.sub.3 until the evolution of CO.sub.2 ceased
(pH.about.6-7), then the precipitated CaSO.sub.4 was filtered off
and washed with water. The filtrate was treated with
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 until the pH of the reaction medium increased to
pH 8, obtained CaCO.sub.3 was filtered off and water solution was
evaporated in vacuum. The residue was washed with methanol, the
washings were evaporated and the residue was dried in desiccator
over P.sub.2O.sub.5 affording the title compound (2.00 g, 51%).
.sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O), .delta.: 7.56-8.40 (4H, m); 10.04 (1H,
s).
Example 2
3-(3-Sulfophenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester, sodium salt (2)
[1022] Sodium salt of 3-formylbenzenesulfonic acid (1) (1.00 g,
4.80 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.32 g, 9.56 mmol), trimethyl
phosphonoacetate (1.05 g, 5.77 mmol) and water (2 mL) were stirred
at ambient temperature for 30 min, and the precipitated solid was
filtered and washed with methanol. The filtrate was evaporated and
to give the title compound as a white solid (0.70 g, 55%). .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 3.68 (3H, s); 6.51 (1H, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 7.30-7.88 (5H, m).
Example 3
3-(3-Chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3)
[1023] To the sodium salt of 3-(3-sulfophenyl)acrylic acid methyl
ester (2) (0.670 g, 2.53 mmol) benzene (2 mL), thionyl chloride
(1.508 g, 0.9 mL, 12.67 mmol) and 3 drops of dimethylformamide were
added and the resultant suspension was stirred at reflux for one
hour. The reaction mixture was evaporated, the residue was
dissolved in benzene (3 mL), filtered and the filtrate was
evaporated to give the title compound (0.640 g, 97%).
Method A
General Synthesis of methyl (E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoates (4a-l)
[1024] A solution of 3-(3-chlorosultonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl
ester (3) (0.40 g, 1.53 mmol) in dioxane (5.0 mL) was added to a
mixture of appropriate piperazine (1.53 mmol) in dioxane (2.0 mL)
and NaHCO.sub.3 (0.26 g, 3.06 mmol) in water (3.0 mL) (in the case
of piperazine hydrochlorides the amount of NaHCO.sub.3 was
increased by 1 eq), and the resultant solution was stirred at room
temperature until initial compounds disappeared (1-2 hours). Water
was added to the reaction mixture. In the case of a precipitate
formation, it was filtered, washed with water, ether, and dried to
give the corresponding methyl (E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate (4). Otherwise, the
reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed
successively with water, brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and
solvent removed to give the corresponding methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate (4).
Example 4
Methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate
(4a)
[1025] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-phenylpiperazine, using Method A, yield 84%. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.94-3.39 (8H, m); 3.74 (3H, s);
6.65-7.03 (4H, m); 7.05-7.32 (2H, m); 7.60-7.92 (3H, m); 7.94-8.20
(2H, m).
Example 5
Methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-propenoate
(4b)
[1026] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-benzhydrylpiperazine, using Method A, yield 96%. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.16-2.60 (4H, m); 2.78-3.07 (4H,
m); 3.78 (3H, s); 4.32 (1H, s); 6.73 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.12-8.27
ppm (15H, m).
Example 6
Methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-pro-
penoate (4c)
[1027] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazine hydrochloride, using Method A, yield
87%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 3.03-3.29 (8H, m);
3.78 (3H, s); 3.83 (3H, s); 6.48 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.76-7.07 (4H,
m); 7.42-7.94 (4H, m); 7.72 ppm (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz).
Example 7
Methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-prop-
enoate (4d)
[1028] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-(2-chlorophenyl)-piperazine hydrochloride, using Method A, yield
81%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.94-3.38 (8H, m);
3.85 (3H, s); 6.54 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.87-7.43 (3H, m); 7.12 (1H,
d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.42-7.94 ppm (5H, m).
Example 8
Methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-prop-
enoate (4e)
[1029] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic add methyl ester (3) and
1-(3-chlorophenyl)-piperazine hydrochloride, using Method A, yield
71%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.94-3.45 (8H, m);
3.83 (3H, s); 6.56 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.60-6.98 (3H, m); 7.16 (1H,
d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.45-8.05 ppm (5H, m).
Example 9
Methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propeno-
ate (4f)
[1030] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine, using Method A, yield 82%. .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.94-3.25 (4H, m); 3.43-3.72 (4H, m);
3.78 (3H, s); 6.49 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.47-6.72 (2H, m); 7.27-7.94
(6H, m); 8.00-8.20 ppm (1H, m).
Example 10
Methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-acetylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-prop-
enoate (4g)
[1031] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
4'-piperazinoacetophenone, using Method A, yield 90%. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.45 (3H, s); 2.94-3.25 (4H, m);
3.32-3.65 (4H, m, overlapped with a signal of water); 3.78 (3H, s);
6.85 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.86-7.16 (2H, m); 7.65-7.96 (5H, m);
8.05-8.27 ppm (2H, m).
Example 11
Methyl
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)ph-
enyl]-2-propenoate (4h)
[1032] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonyfphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-(4-dimethylaminophenetyl)piperazine, using Method A, yield 91%.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.14-2.63 (8H, m,
overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.80 (6H, s); 2.81-3.05 (4H, m);
3.78 (3H, s); 6.63 (2H, d, J=9.4 Hz); 6.84 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.00
(2H, d, J=9.4 Hz); 7.61-7.88 (2H, m); 7.83 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz);
7.99-8.28 ppm (2H, m).
Example 12
Methyl
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(1-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl-
]-2-propenoate (4i)
[1033] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-[2-(1-naphthyloxy)ethyl]piperazine, using Method A, yield 78%.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.36-2.77 (8H, m,
overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.78-3.09 (4H, m); 3.72 (3H, s);
6.76 (1H, d, J=15.7 Hz); 7.20-7.53 (3H, m); 7.54-7.94 (7H, m);
7.96-8.20 ppm (2H, m).
Example 13
Methyl
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl-
]-2-propenoate (4j)
[1034] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]piperazine, using Method A, yield 94%.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.38-2.65 (6H, m,
overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.76 (2H, t, J=5.0 Hz);
2.83-3.05 (2H, m); 3.71 (3H, s); 4.11 (2H, t, J=5.3 Hz); 6.76 (1H,
d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.98-7.56 (4H, m); 7.60-7.92 (6H, m); 7.93-8.18 ppm
(2H, m).
Example 14
Methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2--
propenoate (4k)
[1035] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-piperazine, using Method A, yield 85%.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.76-3.12 (4H, m);
3.13-3.38 (4H, m, overlapped with a signal of water); 3.66 (3H, s);
6.76 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz); 6.87 (1H, dd, J=2.8 and 8.4 Hz); 7.10 (1H,
d, J=2.8 Hz); 7.38 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz);
7.60-7.93 (2H, m); 7.95-8.27 ppm (2H, m).
Example 15
Methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-prop-
enoate (4l)
[1036] The title compound was obtained from
3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) and
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-piperazine, using Method A, yield 84%. .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.76-3.34 (8H, m); 3.72 (3H,
s); 6.80 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz); 6.92 (2H, d, J=8.9 Hz); 7.23 (2H, d,
J=8.9 Hz); 7.80 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz); 7.56-7.96 (2H, m); 7.98-8.25
ppm (2H, m).
Method B
General Synthesis of (E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic acids (5a-l)
[1037] To a suspension or solution of appropriate methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate (4a-l) (1.29 mmol) in
methanol-tetrahydrofuran (2:3) mixture (5.0 mL), 1N NaOH solution
(3.87 mL, 3.87 mmol) was added and the resultant mixture was
stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was
partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was
acidified with 1 N KH.sub.2PO.sub.4 solution. In the case of a
precipitate formation, it was filtered, washed with water, ether
(or other suitable solvent), and dried to give the corresponding
(E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted 1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5). Otherwise, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl
acetate, washed successively with water, brine, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and solvent removed to give the corresponding
(E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted 1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5).
Example 16
(E)-3-(3-{[4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic acid
(5a)
[1038] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate
(4a) as a white solid, using Method B, yield 61%. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.87-3.65 (8H, m); 6.54-6.98 (4H,
m); 7.00-7.36 (2H, m); 7.58-7.92 (3H, m); 7.94-8.23 (2H, m).
Example 17
(E)-3-(3-{[4-Benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5b)
[1039] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate
(4b) as a white solid, using Method B, yield 70%. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.20-2.56 (4H, m); 2.80-3.07 (4H,
m); 4.27 (1H, s); 6.67 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.05-8.16 ppm (15H,
m).
Example 18
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5c)
[1040] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoat-
e (4c) as a white solid, using Method B, yield 84%. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.76-3.25 (8H, m); 3.72 (3H, s);
6.74 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.76-7.14 (4H, m); 7.60-7.94 (2H, m); 7.76
(1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.94-8.27 ppm (2H, m).
Example 19
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5d)
[1041] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate
(4d), using Method B, yield 83%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO),
.delta.: 2.72-3.27 (8H, m); 6.72 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.89-7.52 (4H,
m); 7.60-7.92 (2H, m); 7.74 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.96-8.25 ppm (2H,
m).
Example 20
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5e)
[1042] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate
(4e), using Method B, yield 89%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO),
.delta.: 2.87-3.16 (6H, m); 3.17-3.67 (2H, m, overlapped with a
signal DMSO); 6.67 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.68-7.00 (3H, m); 7.02-7.34
(1H, m); 7.56-7.87 (2H, m); 7.72 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.94-8.23 ppm
(2H, m).
Example 21
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-Pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5f)
[1043] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate
(4f), using Method B, yield 91%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO),
.delta.: 2.83-3.14 (4H, m); 3.43-3.69 (4H, m); 6.52-6.89 (2H, m);
6.67 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.36-7.83 (3H, m); 7.69 (1H, d, J=16.0
Hz); 7.94-8.18 ppm (3H, m).
Example 22
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-Acetylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5g)
[1044] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-acetylphenyl)-1-piperazinyi]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate
(4g), using Method B, yield 85%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO),
.delta.: 2.38 (3H, s); 2.89-3.20 (4H, m); 3.21-3.67 (4H, m,
overlapped with a signal of water); 6.69 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz);
6.70-7.11 (2H, m); 7.53-7.94 (5H, m); 7.96-8.20 ppm (2H, m).
Example 23
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-
-propenoic acid (5h)
[1045] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]--
2-propenoate (4h), using Method B, yield 80%. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.23-2.67 (8H, m, overlapped with a
signal of DMSO); 2.80 (6H, s); 2.72-3.09 (4H, m); 6.63 (2H, d,
J=8.0 Hz); 6.74 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.99 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz);
7.51-7.89 (3H, m); 7.90-8.32 ppm (2H, m).
Example 24
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(1-Naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pro-
penoic acid (5i)
[1046] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(1-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pr-
openoate (4i), using Method B, yield 90%. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.36-2.76 (6H, m, overlapped with a
signal of DMSO); 2.78-3.07 (6H, m); 6.69 (1H, d, J=15.7 Hz);
7.22-7.56 (3H, m); 7.58-7.92 (7H, m); 7.93-8.16 ppm (2H, m).
Example 25
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(2-Naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pro-
penoic acid (5j)
[1047] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pr-
openoate (4j), using Method B, yield 84%. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.36-2.58 (6H, m, overlapped with a
signal of DMSO); 2.76 (2H, t, J=5.0 Hz); 2.82-3.05 (2H, m); 4.11
(2H, t, J=5.3 Hz); 6.67 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.98-7.52 (4H, m);
7.53-7.87 (6H, m); 7.88-8.16 ppm (2H, m).
Example 26
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propeno-
ic acid (5k)
[1048] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propen-
oate (4k), using Method B, yield 87%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 2.69-3.16 (4H, m); 3.17-3.47 (4H, m); 6.69 (1H, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 6.92 (1H, dd, J=2.8 and 8.4 Hz); 7.13 (1H, d, J=2.8
Hz); 7.38 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.54 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.58-7.92
(2H, m); 7.93-8.18 ppm (2H, m).
Example 27
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5l)
[1049] The title compound was obtained from methyl
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoate
(4l), using Method B, yield 75%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO),
.delta.: 2.83-3.49 (8H, m, overlapped with a signal of water); 6.67
(1H, d, J=15.9 Hz); 6.89 (1H, d, J=8.9 Hz); 7.18 (2H, d, J=8.9 Hz);
7.49-7.87 (2H, m); 7.69 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz); 7.88-8.20 ppm (2H,
m).
Method C
General Synthesis of (E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl chlorides (6a-l)
[1050] To a suspension of appropriate (E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic acid (5a-l) (0.78 mmol)
in dichloromethane (4.0 mL) oxalyl chloride (0.21 mL, 2.37 mmol)
and one drop of dimethylformamide were added. The reaction mixture
was stirred at 40.degree. C. for one hour and concentrated under
reduced pressure to give crude (E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl chloride (6).
Example 28
(E)-3-(3-{[4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6a)
[1051] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic acid
(5a), using Method C, in a form of a crude product.
Example 29
(E)-3-(3-{[4-Benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6b)
[1052] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-benznydryl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5b), using Method C, in a form of a crude product.
Example 30
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6c)
[1053] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phehyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5c), using Method C, in a form of a crude product.
Example 31
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6d)
[1054] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5d), using Method C, in a form of a crude product.
Example 32
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6e)
[1055] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5e), using Method C, in a form of a crude product.
Example 33
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-Pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6f)
[1056] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5f), using Method C, in a form of a crude product.
Example 34
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(1-Chlorovinyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pr-
openoyl chloride (6g)
[1057] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-acetylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5g), using Method C, in a form of a crude product.
Example 35
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-
-propenoyl chloride (6h)
[1058] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]--
2-propenoic acid (5h), using Method C, in a form of a crude
product.
Example 36
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(1-Naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pro-
penoyl chloride (6i)
[1059] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(1-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pr-
openoic acid (5i), using Method C, in a form of a crude
product.
Example 37
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(2-Naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pro-
penoyl chloride (6j)
[1060] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pr-
openoic acid (5j), using Method C, in a form of a crude
product.
Example 38
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propeno-
yl chloride (6k)
[1061] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperaziny]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propeno-
ic acid (5k), using Method C, in a form of a crude product.
Example 39
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6l)
[1062] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoic
acid (5l), using Method C, in a form of a crude product.
Method D
General Synthesis of (E)-N-hydroxy-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2propenamides
[1063] To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.27 g, 3.90
mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (6.0 mL) a saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution
(6.9 mL) was added and the resultant mixture was stirred at ambient
temperature for 10 minutes. To the reaction mixture an appropriate
(E)-3-(3-{[4-substituted 1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6a-l) (ca. 0.78 mmol) solution in tetrahydrofuran (4.0
mL) was added and the obtained mixture was stirred at ambient
temperature for ca. one hour. The organic layer was separated, the
water layer was supplemented with water (ca. 5 mL) and extracted
with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were combined, washed
successively with water, brine, and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The
solvent was removed and the crude product was washed with an
appropriate solvent (ether, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile
etc.) or crystallized from ether, methanol, ethyl acetate or
acetonitrile, or their mixtures to give the corresponding target
(E)-N-hydroxy-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenamide. Otherwise, the crude
reaction product was chromatographed on silica gel with
chloroform--methanol as eluents to give the corresponding
(E)-N-hydroxy-3-(3-{[4-substituted
1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenamide.
Example 40
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-{3-[(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-2-propenamide
(PX118490)
[1064] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6a) as white crystals, using Method D, yield 73% (on 5a).
M.p. 201.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
2.91-3.39 (8H, m, overlapped with a signal of water); 6.62 (1H, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 6.74-6.99 (3H, m); 7.06-7.34 (2H, m); 7.57 (1H, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 7.56-8.12 (4H, m); 9.11 (1H, br s); 10.79 (1H, s). HPLC
analysis on Zorbax SB-C.sub.18 column: impurities 1.3% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1% H.sub.3PO.sub.4,
gradient from 50:50 to 100:0; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow
rate 1.5 mL/min.; detector: UV 254 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.19H.sub.21N.sub.3O.sub.4S,%; C, 58.90; H, 5.46; N, 10.84.
Found, %: C, 58.73; H, 5.34; N, 10.69.
Example 41
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-{3-[(4-benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-2-propena-
mide (PX118491)
[1065] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6b) as white crystals, using Method D, yield 57% (on 5b).
M.p. 156.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
2.18-2.54 (4H, m, overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.75-3.11 (4H,
m); 4.31 (1H, s); 6.64 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.01-8.11 (15H, m); 9.15
(1H, br s); 10.83 (1H, s). HPLC analysis on Symmetry C.sub.18
column: impurities 7% (column size 3.9.times.150 mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile--0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 25), 50:50; sample
concentration 1 mg/ml; flow rate 0.75 mL/min.; detector UV 220 nm).
Anal. Calcd for C.sub.26H.sub.27N.sub.3O.sub.4S*0.7H.sub.2O, %: C,
63.71; H, 5.84; N, 8.57. Found, %: C, 63.81; H, 5.77; N, 8.34.
Example 42
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-{3-[(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-2--
propenamide (PX118810)
[1066] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6c) as white crystals, using Method D, yield 59% (on 5c).
M.p. 190.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
2.72-3.25 (8H, m); 3.67 (3H, s); 6.65 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.76-7.12
(4H, m); 7.61 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.60-8.07 (4H, m); 9.09 (1H, br
s); 10.78 (1H, s). HPLC analysis on Zorbax SB C.sub.18 column:
impurities 2% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile-0.1% H.sub.3PO.sub.4, 50:50 10 min, 100:0 5 min;
sample concentration 1 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min.; detector UV
254 nm). Anal. Calcd for C.sub.20H.sub.23N.sub.3O.sub.5S, %: C,
57.54; H, 5.55; N, 10.06. Found, %: C, 57.26; H, 5.46; N, 9.99.
Example 43
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-{3-[(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-2-p-
ropenamide (PX118811)
[1067] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6d), using Method D, yield 84% (on 5d). M.p. 183.degree.
C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.76-3.32 (8H, m);
6.63 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.92-7.48 (4H, m); 7.59 (1H, d, J=16.0
Hz); 7.58-8.12 (4H, m); 9.12 (1H, br s); 10.80 (1H, s). HPLC
analysis on Zorbax SB C.sub.18 column: impurities 2% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1% H.sub.3PO.sub.4,
50:50 10 min, 100:0 5 min; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow
rate 1.5 mL/min; detector: UV 254 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.19H.sub.20ClN.sub.3O.sub.4S, %: C, 54.09; H, 4.78; N, 9.96.
Found, %: C, 53.99; H, 4.73; N, 9.80.
Example 44
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-{3-[(4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-2-p-
ropenamide (PX118812)
[1068] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6e), using Method D, yield 75% (on 5e). M.p. 201.degree.
C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.83-3.45 (8H, m);
6.63 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.68-7.02 (3H, m); 7.16 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz);
7.58 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.60-8.07 (4H, m); 9.16 (1H, br s); 10.72
(1H, s). HPLC analysis on Symmetry C.sub.8 column: impurities 3.3%
(column size 3.9.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1M
phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 45:55; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml;
flow rate 1.4 mL/min; detector UV 254 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.19H.sub.26ClN.sub.3O.sub.4S, containing 4% of inorganic
impurities, %: C, 51.93; H, 4.59; N, 9.56. Found, %: C, 52.00; H,
4.59; N, 9.39.
Example 45
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-{3-[(4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-2-prop-
enamide (PX118807)
[1069] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6f), using Method D, yield 63% (on 5f). M.p. 112.degree.
C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.78-3.18 (4H, m);
3.41-3.76 (4H, m); 6.45-6.91 (3H, m); 7.38-8.19 (7H, m); 9.13 (1H,
br s); 10.78 (1H, br s). HPLC analysis on Symmetry C.sub.8 column:
impurities 4% (column size 3.9.times.150 mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile-0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 35:65; sample
concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.3 mL/min; detector UV 254 nm).
Anal. Calcd for C.sub.18H.sub.20N.sub.4O.sub.4S*H.sub.2O,
containing 1.5% of inorganic impurities, %: C, 52.39; H, 5.37; N,
13.58. Found, %: C, 52.45; H, 5.23; N, 13.39.
Example 46
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(1-Chlorovinyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-N-hy-
droxy-2-propenamide (PX118933)
[1070] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(1-chlorovinyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-p-
ropenoyl chloride (6g), using Method D, yield 24% (on 5g). M.p.
203.degree. C. (dec.). TLC: single spot at R.sub.f 0.3 (ethyl
acetate-methanol, 4:1; detection--UV-254 nm). .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.94-3.20 (4H, m); 3.21-3.63 (4H,
m, overlapped with a signal of water); 5.38 (1H, d, J=4.0 Hz); 5.83
(1H, d, J=4.0 Hz); 6.63 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.93 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz);
7.54 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 7.60 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.43-8.05 (4H, m);
9.16 (1H, br s); 10.85 ppm (1H, br s). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.21H.sub.22ClN.sub.3O.sub.4S, containing 1.9% of inorganic
material, %: C, 55.24; H, 4.86; N, 9.20. Found, %: C, 55.22; H,
4.78; N, 9.45.
Example 47
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-N-
-hydroxy-2-propenamide (PX118951)
[1071] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-[3-({4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]--
2-propenoyl chloride (6h), using. Method D, yield 17% (on 5h). M.p.
189.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
2.36-2.57 (8H, m, overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.80 (6H, s);
2.83-2.94 (4H, m); 6.60 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz); 6.61 (1H, d, J=15.7 Hz);
6.96 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz); 7.57 (1H, d, J=15.7 Hz); 7.66-7.75 (2H, m);
7.83-7.97 (2H, m); 9.17 (1H, br s); 10.83 (1H, br s). HPLC analysis
on Alltima C.sub.18 column: impurities 3% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer
(pH 2.5), 15:85; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0
mL/min; detector UV 220 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.23H.sub.30N.sub.4O.sub.4S, %: C, 60.24; H, 6.59; N, 12.22.
Found, %: C, 60.05; H, 6.52; N, 12.16.
Example 48
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-[3-({4-[2-(1-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-sulfonyl)ph-
enyl]-2-propenamide (PX118934)
[1072] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(1-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pr-
openoyl chloride (6i), using Method D, yield 68% (on 5i). M.p.
178.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
2.41-2.68 (6H, m, overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.75-3.00 (6H,
m); 6.61 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.34 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.39-7.52 (2H,
m); 7.57 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.63-7.97 (8H, m); 9.17 (1H, br s);
10.84 ppm (1H, br s). HPLC analysis on Omnispher C.sub.18 column:
impurities 2.2% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile--0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.0), 40:60; sample
concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mU min; detector UV 230 nm).
Anal. Calcd for C.sub.25H.sub.27N.sub.3O.sub.5S, %; C 62.35, H,
5.65; N, 8.73. Found, %: C, 62.42; H, 5.56; N, 8.69.
Example 49
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-[3-({4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-sulfonyl)ph-
enyl]-2-propenamide (PX118935)
[1073] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-[3-({4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-pr-
openoyl chloride (6j), using Method D, yield 57% (on 51). M.p.
130.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
2.54-2.68 (4H, m, overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.76 (2H, t,
J=5.0 Hz); 2.82-3.03 (4H, m); 4.12 (2H, t, J=5.3 Hz); 6.60 (1H, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 7.10 (1H, dd, J=8.9 and 2.0 Hz); 7.28 (1H, d, J=2.0
Hz); 7.31 (1H, t, J=7.9 Hz); 7.43 (1H, t, J=7.6 Hz); 7.55 (1H, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 7.62-7.95 (7H, m); 9.19 (1H, br s); 10.82 ppm (1H, br
s). HPLC analysis on Omnispher C.sub.18 column: impurities 3.3%
(column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.2 M
acetate buffer (pH 5.0), 40:60; sample concentration 0.25 mg/ml;
flow rate 1.5 mL/min; detector UV 230 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.25H.sub.27N.sub.3O.sub.5S, containing 6% of inorganic
impurities, %: C, 58.61; H, 5.31; N, 8.20. Found, %: C, 58.63; H,
5.33; N, 8.01.
Example 50
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-N-hydroxy-
-2-propenamide (PX118971)
[1074] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propen-
oyl chloride (6k), using Method D, yield 71% (on 5k). M.p.
193.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
2.89-3.09 (4H, m); 3.18-3.33 (4H, m, overlapped with a signal of
water); 6.61 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz); 6.89 (1H, dd, J=2.8 and 8.4 Hz);
7.11 (1H, d, J=2.8 Hz); 7.38 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.57 (1H, d, J=15.9
Hz); 7.66-7.82 (2H, m); 7.87-8.00 (2H, m); 9.16 (1H, s); 10.82 (1H,
s). HPLC analysis on Omnispher C.sub.15 column: impurities 3.3%
(column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.2 M
acetate buffer (pH 5.0), 50:50; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml;
flow rate 1.3 mL/min; detector UV 254 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.19H.sub.19Cl.sub.2N.sub.3O.sub.4S, %: C, 50.01; H, 4.20; N,
9.21. Found, %: C, 49.94; H, 4.06; N, 9.10.
Example 51
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-N-hydroxy-2-p-
ropenamide (PX118972)
[1075] The title compound was obtained from
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-propenoyl
chloride (6l), using Method D, yield 79% (on 5l). M.p. 215.degree.
C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.89-3.12 (4H, m);
3.12-3.27 (4H, m); 6.61 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz); 6.91 (2H, d, J=8.9 Hz);
7.21 (21-1, d, J=8.9 Hz); 7.57 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz); 7.67-7.85 (2H,
m); 7.86-8.05 (2H, m); 9.26 (1H, br s); 10.65 (1H, br s). HPLC
analysis on Alltima C.sub.18 column: impurities <1% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer
(pH 2.5), 50:50; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5
mL/min; detector UV 254 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.19H.sub.20ClN.sub.3O.sub.4S, %: C, 54.09; H, 4.78; N, 9.96.
Found, %: C, 54.08; H, 4.62; N, 9.90.
Example 52
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-[3-({4-[(E)-3-phenyl-2-propenyl]-1-piperazinyl}-sulfonyl)p-
henyl]-2-propenamide (PX118870)
[1076] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 178.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, TMS) .delta.: 2.60-3.49 (8H, m, partly overlapped
with a signal of water), 3.09 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 6.13 (1H, dt,
J=16.0 and 6.0 Hz), 6.49 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.60 (1H, d, J=16.0
Hz); 7.16-7.56 (5H, m); 7.57-8.00 (5H, m); 9.20 (1H, br s); 10.78
ppm (IH, br s). HPLC analysis on an Omnispher 5 C.sub.18 column:
impurities 1.0% (column size: 4.6.times.150 mm--mobile phase:
acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 25:75; sample
concentration 0.16 mg/ml; flow rate: 1.3 mL/min; detector UV 254
nm). Anal. Calcd. for C.sub.22H.sub.23N.sub.3O.sub.4S, C, 61.81; H,
5.89; N, 9.83. Found, % C, 61.43; H, 5.84; N, 9.65.
Example 53
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-(3-{[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-
-propenamide (PX118871)
[1077] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 203.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.96-3.12 (8H, m); 3.66 (3H, s);
6.62 (IH, d, J=15.7 Hz); 6.79 (2H, d, J=9.4 Hz); 6.85 (2H, d, J=9.4
Hz); 7.59 (IH, d, J=15.7 Hz); 7.62-7.70 (2H, m); 7.92-8.05 (2H, m);
9.15 (IH, br s); 10.82 ppm (IH, br s). HPLC analysis on an
Omnispher 5 C.sub.18 column: impurities 1.3%. (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer
(pH 2.5), 40:60; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5
mL/min; detector UV 220 nm). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.20H.sub.23N.sub.3O.sub.5S, %: C, 57.54; H, 5.55; N, 10.06.
Found, %: C, 57.55; H, 5.41; N, 9.98.
Example 54
(E)-N-hydroxy-3-(3{[4(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-prope-
namide (PX118872)
[1078] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 196.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.96-3.10 (4H, m), 3.13-3.26 (4H,
m); 3.68 (3H, s); 6.34-6.52 (3H, m); 6.61 (IH, d, J=15.7 Hz); 7.08
(IH, t, J=7.9 Hz); 7.57 (IH, d, J=15.7 Hz); 7.64-7.80 (2H, m);
7.89-7.98 (2H, m); 9.15 (IH, br s); 10.81 ppm (IH, br s). HPLC
analysis on an Alitima C.sub.18 column: impurities 3.5% (column
size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5), 50:50; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate
1.4 mL/min; detector UV 220 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.20H.sub.23N.sub.3O.sub.5S, containing 1.5% of inorganic
impurities, %: C, 56.68; H, 5.47; N, 9.91. Found, %: C, 56.79; H,
5.31; N, 9.81.
Example 55
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}-phenyl)--
N-hydroxy-2-propenamide (PX118873)
[1079] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 172.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d 6,
HMDSO) .delta.: 2.32-2.45 (4H, m), 2.82-2.97 (4H, m); 3.34 (2H, s,
overlapped with a signal of water); 5.94 (2H, s); 6.60 (IH, d,
J=15.7 Hz); 6.67 (IH, d, J=7.9 Hz); 6.76 (IH, s); 6.78 (IH, d,
J=8.3 Hz); 7.56 (IH, d, J=15.7 Hz); 7.66-7.74 (2H, m); 7.83-7.96
(2H, m); 9.14 (IH, br s); 10.80 ppm (IH, br s). HPLC analysis on an
Omnispher 5 C.sub.18 column: impurities 1.3% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer
(pH 2.5), 35:65; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate: 1.3
mL/min; detector UV 254 nm). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.21H.sub.23N.sub.3O.sub.8S, C, 56.62; H, 5.20; N, 9.43. Found,
.degree./0: C, 56.35; H, 5.02; N, 9.24.
Example 56
(E)-3-{3-[(4-Benzyl-1-piperazinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-N-hydroxy-2-propenamide
(PX118874)
[1080] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p 185.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.42 (4H, m), 2.91 (4H, m); 3.45
(2H, s); 6.59 (IH, d, J=15.7 Hz); 7.15-7.31 (5H, m); 7.56 (IH, d,
J=15.7 Hz); 7.62-7.76 (2H, m); 7.81-7.98 (2H, m); 9.14 (IH, br s);
10.80 ppm (IH, br s) HPLC analysis on an Omnispher 5 C.sub.18
column: impurities 2.3% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile-0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 40:60; sample
concentration 0.33 mg/ml; flow rate 1.3 mL/min; detector UV 220
nm). Anal Calcd. for C.sub.20H.sub.23N.sub.3O.sub.4S, C, 59.83; H,
5.77; N, 10,47. Found, %: C, 59.67; H, 5.62; N, 10.34.
Example 57
(E)-3-[3-({4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-N--
hydroxy-2-propenamide (PX118875)
[1081] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. foam. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO)
.delta.: 2.18-2.45 (4H, m), 2.78-3.09 (4H, m); 4.36 (IH, s); 6.58
(IH, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.89-7.20 (4H, m); 7.22-7.58 (5H, m); 7.60-8.05
(4H, m); 9.98 ppm (2H, br s). HPLC analysis on an Alltima C.sub.18
column: impurities 6.5% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 60:40; sample
concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min; detector: UV 220
nm). Anal Calcd. for C.sub.26H.sub.26F.sub.2N.sub.3O.sub.4S %: C,
60.31; H, 5.24; N, 7.54. Found, %: C, 60.13; H, 5.17; N, 7.51.
Example 58
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-(3-{[3-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}ph-
enyl)-2-propenamide (PX118876)
[1082] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 186.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 0.94 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz); 2.20 (3H,
s); 2.56-2.83 (IH, m, partly overlapped with a signal of water);
2.84-3.67 (5H, m); 3.80-4.16 (IH, m); 6.45-6.78 (4H, m); 6.94-7.20
(IH, m); 7.60 (IH, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.69-8.14 (4H, m); 9.98 (2H, br
s). HPLC analysis on an Alltima C18 column: impurities 3.0% (column
size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5), 50:50; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate
1.0 mL/min; detector UV 220 nm). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.21H.sub.25N.sub.3O.sub.4S*0.1 EtOH, %: C, 60.58; H, 6.13; N,
9.90. Found, %: C, 60.46; H, 6.05; N, 9.84.
Example 59
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-N-hydroxy-2-p-
ropenamide (PX118877)
[1083] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 176.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.83-3.15 (8H, m); 6.63 (IH, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 6.83-7.27 (4H, m); 7.60 (IH, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.65-8.05
(4H, m); 9.12 (IH, br s); 10.83 ppm (IH, br s). HPLC analysis on
Ultra JBD: impurities 1.0% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile
phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 60:40; sample
concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0 mL/min; detector UV 230 nm).
Anal Calcd. for C19H20FN3O4S, %: C 56.29; H, 4.97; N, 10.36. Found,
%: C, 56.25; H, 4.89; N, 10.16.
Example 60
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-[3-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)-
phenyl]-2-propenamide (PX118878)
[1084] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 173.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.94-3.25 (8H, m); 6.63 (1H, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 6.98-7.29 (3H, m); 7.39 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz); 7.69 (1H, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 7.60-8.09 (4H, m); 10.05 ppm (2H, br s). HPLC analysis
on Alltima O.sub.18: impurities 5.5% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 50:50;
sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min; detector UV
220 nm.) Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.20H.sub.20F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.4S*0.1EtOAc, C, 52.78; H, 4.52;
N, 9.05. Found, %: C, 52.74; H, 4.36; N, 8.88.
Example 61
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-(3-{[4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-pr-
openamide (PX118893)
[1085] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 162.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.94-3.20 (4H, m); 3.45-3.69 (4H,
m); 6.65 (IH, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.02 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 7.58 (IH, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 7.62-7.83 (2H, m); 7.84-8.20 (4H, m); 10.20 (2H, br s).
HPLC analysis on Omnisphere 5 C.sub.18: impurities 2.0% (column
size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5), 40:60; sample concentration 0.3 mg/ml; flow rate
1.5 mL/min; detector UV 220 nm). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.19H.sub.20N.sub.4O.sub.6S containing 2.3% inorganic material,
%: C, 51.56; H, 4.55; N, 12.66. Found, %: C, 51.54; H, 4.50; N,
12.57.
Example 62
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-(3-{[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}-phenyl)-2-p-
ropenamide (PX118894)
[1086] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 200.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.78-3.15 (4H, m); 3.63-3.94 (4H,
m); 6.58 (IH, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.63 (IH, t, J=6.4 Hz); 7.56 (IH, d,
J=16.0 Hz); 7.57-8.12 (4H, m); 8.34 (2H, d, J=6.4 Hz); 9.16 (IH, br
s); 10.80 ppm (IH, br s). HPLC analysis on Alitima C.sub.18:
impurities 4.8% (column size: 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 30:70; sample
concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.15 ml/min; detector UV 254
nm.) Anal. Calcd for C.sub.17H.sub.19N.sub.6O.sub.4S, %: C, 52.43;
H, 4.92; N, 17.98. Found, %: C, 52.37; H, 4.89; N, 17.69.
Example 63
(E)-3-(3-{[4-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-N-hydroxy--
2-propenamide (PX118913)
[1087] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 117.degree. C. (decomposes). .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.42-2.62 (4H, m, overlapped
with a signal of DMSO); 2.70-2.87 (4H, m); 2.92 (2H, d, J=7.3 Hz);
4.18 (IH t, J=7.3 Hz); 6.58 (IH, d, J=15.8 Hz); 7.02-7.35 (10H, m);
7.53 (IH, d, J=15.8 Hz); 7.61-7.70 (2H, m); 7.80-7.92 (2H, m); 9.14
(IH, br s); 10.80 ppm (IH, br s). HPLC analysis on Omnisphere
C.sub.18: impurities 4.5% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile
phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 40:60; sample
concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate: 1.2 mL/min; detector UV 220
nm.) Anal. Calcd. for C.sub.27H.sub.29N.sub.3O.sub.4S*0.2 M
Et.sub.2O containing 1.8% of inorganic impurities, %: C, 64.75; H,
6.06; N, 8.15. Found, %: C, 64.76; H, 6.07; N, 8.19.
Example 64
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-[3-({4-[2-(2naphthyl)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-
-2-propenamide (PX118914)
[1088] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 184.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.38-3.07 (12H, m, partly
overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 6.63 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz);
7.20-7.54 (4H, m); 7.57-7.98 (8H, m); 9.16 (1H, br s); 10.78 ppm
(IH, br s). HPLC analysis on Alitima C.sub.18: impurities 1.0%
(column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M
phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 35:65; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml;
flow rate 1.2 mL/min; detector UV 220 nm). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.25H.sub.27N.sub.3O.sub.4S, %: C, 64.50; H, 5.85; N, 9.03.
Found, %: C, 64.34; H, 5.74; N, 9.02.
Example 65
3-(4-Chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid (8)
[1089] To neat chlorosulfonic acid (26.5 mL, 0.4 mol) at 18.degree.
C. temperature slowly cinnamic acid (7) (7.35 g, 0.05 mol) was
added. As the reaction proceeded, hydrogen chloride gas evolved.
The reaction mixture was stirred successively at 20.degree. C. for
3 hours and at 42.degree. C. for 3 hours. The dark, viscous syrup
was poured into ice water, and the precipitated solid was filtered
and washed with water. The title compound was obtained (6.8 g, 55%)
as a white solid. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 6.55
(1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.58 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.65 (4H, s); 8.15
(1H, br s).
Example 66
(E)-3-[4-({4-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2--
propenoic acid (9a)
[1090] To a suspension of
1-(.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-m-tolyl)piperazine
hydrochloride (0.43 g, 1.62 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) a solution of
NaHCO.sub.3 (0.27 g, 3.24 mmol) in water (4 mL) and a solution of
3-(4-chlorosulfonyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (8) (0.40 g, 1.62 mmol)
were added and the resultant mixture was stirred at ambient
temperature for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into
water (50 mL) and the pH of the medium was brought to -4 with 2 N
HCl. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water, and
dried in vacuum to give the title compound (0.59 g, 82%). .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.96-3.67 (8H, m, overlapped
with a signal of water); 6.74 (1H, d, J=16.3 Hz); 7.01-7.57 (4H,
m); 7.67 (1H, d, J=16.3 Hz); 7.82 (21.sup.-1, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.00
(2H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 12.71 (1H, br s).
Example 67
(E)-3-[4-({4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2--
propenoic acid (8b)
[1091] To a suspension of 1-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl piperazine
(0.47 g, 1.62 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) a solution of NaHCO.sub.3
(0.27 g, 3.24 mmol) in water (4 mL) and a solution of
3-(4-chlorosulfonyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (8) (0.40 g, 1.62 mmol)
were added and the resultant mixture was stirred at ambient
temperature for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into
water (50 mL), the pH of the medium was brought to .about.4 with 2
N HCl, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed
successively with water, brine, and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The
solvent was removed and the crude product was crystallized from
dioxane to give the title compound (0.58 g, 63%) as a white solid.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.19-2.50 (4H, m,
overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.80-3.12 (4H, m); 4.42 (1H, s);
6.78 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.11 (4H, t, J=9.0 Hz); 7.41 (4H, dd,
J=8.6 and 5.6 Hz); 7.72 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.78 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz);
8.00 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz); 12.68 (1H, br s).
Example 68
(E)-3-[4-({4-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl}-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl)phenyl]-2--
propenoyl chloride (10a)
[1092] To a suspension of
(E)-3-[4-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-
-propenoic acid (9a) (0.30 g, 0.69 mmol) in dichloromethane (7 mL)
oxalyl chloride (0.2 mL, 2.4 mmol) and a drop of dimethylformamide
were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature
for 0.5 hours and at 42.degree. C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture
was evaporated and the residue was dried in vacuum to give
(E)-3-[4-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-
-propenoyl chloride (10a) (0.31 g) in a form of a crude
product.
Example 69
(E)-3-[4-({4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2--
propenoyl chloride (10b)
[1093] To a solution of
(E)-3-[4-({4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-
-propenoic acid (9b) (0.25 g, 0.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (7 mL)
oxalyl chloride (0.15 mL, 1.75 mmol) and a drop of
dimethylformamide were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at
ambient temperature for 1 hour, then the mixture was evaporated and
the residue was dried in vacuum to give
(E)-3-[4-({4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-
-propenoyl chloride (10b) (0.26 g) in a form of a crude
product.
Example 70
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-[4-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl}-sulfonyl-
)phenyl]-2-propenamide (PX118937)
[1094] To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.24 g, 3.4
mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) a solution of NaHCO.sub.3 (0.40
g, 4.8 mmol) in water (6 mL) was added and the resultant mixture
was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 minutes. The reaction
mixture was added to a suspension of
(E)-3-[4-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-
-propenoyl chloride (10a) (0.31 g) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) and
the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5 hours. The
mixture was poured into water (25 mL), the precipitate was
filtered, washed with water, ether, and dried to give the title
compound (0.23 g, 73%). M.p. 178-179.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 2.95-3.10 (4H, m); 3.23-3.40 (4H,
m, overlapped with a signal of water); 6.62 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz);
7.09 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz); 7.16 (1H, s); 7.19 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz); 7.40
(1H, t, J=7.7 Hz); 7.54 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz); 7.80 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz);
7.83 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 9.35 (1H, br s); 10.72 (1H, br s). HPLC
analysis on Omnispher 5 C.sub.18 column: impurities 3.5% (column
size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1M acetate
buffer (pH 5.0), 50:50; sample concentration 1 mg/ml; flow rate 1.3
mL/min; detector UV 254 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.20H.sub.20F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.4S, %: C, 52.74; H, 4.43; N,
9.23, S, 7.04. Found, %: C, 52.04; H, 4.29; N, 8.86; S, 7.20.
Example 71
(E)-3-[4-({4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-N--
hydroxy-2-propenamide (PX118965)
[1095] To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.18 g, 2.5
mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) a solution of NaHCO.sub.3 (0.30
g, 3.5 mmol) in water (5 mL) was added and the resultant mixture
was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 minutes. The reaction
mixture was added to a solution of
(E)-3-[4-({4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}sulfonyl)phenyl]-2-
-propenoyl chloride (10b) (0.26 g) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) and
the obtained mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5
hours. The mixture was poured into water (25 mL), extracted with
ethyl acetate, the extract was washed with water, brine, and dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The solvent was removed and the residue was
chromatographed on silica gel with chloroform-isopropanol (9:1) as
eluent to give the title compound (0.087 g, 34%). M.p.
125-126.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
2.26-2.42 (4H, m); 2.81-3.00 (4H, m); 4.39 (1H, s); 6.64 (1H, d,
J=15.8 Hz); 7.07 (4H, t, J=8.6 Hz); 7.37 (4H, dd, J=8.4 and 5.6
Hz); 7.57 (1H, d, J=15.8 Hz); 7.74 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz); 7.83 (2H, d,
J=8.0 Hz); 9.19 (1H, s); 10.93 (1H, s). HPLC analysis on Alltima
C.sub.18 column: impurities 2% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 70:30;
sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0 mL/min; detector: UV
215 nm). Anal. Calcd for C.sub.26H.sub.25F.sub.2N.sub.3O.sub.4S*0.3
Et.sub.2O*0.2 iso-PrOH*0.1CHCl.sub.3 (an exhaustively dried
material contains all the indicated traces of solvents (PMR)), C
59.87; H, 5.35; N, 7.51; S, 5.73. Found, %: C, 59.85; H, 5.36; N,
7.29; S, 5.60.
Example 72
1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-({-[(E)-3-(hydroxyamino)-3-oxo-1-propenyl-
]phenyl}sulfonyl)piperazin-1-ium dihydrogen phosphate
(PX118882)
[1096] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 210-211.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.30-2.45 (4H, m, overlapped with a
signal of DMSO); 2.82-2.96 (4H, m); 3.36 (2H, s); 3.89-4.67 (br s,
interchangeable protons); 5.95 (2H, s); 6.62 (1H, d, J=15.8 Hz);
6.68 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.77 (1H, s); 6.79 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.53
(2H, d, J=15.8 Hz); 7.73 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.81 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz).
HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5 C.sub.18: impurities 2.5% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1M phosphate buffer
(pH 2.5), 20:80; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5
ml/min; detector UV 220 nm). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.21H.sub.23N.sub.3O.sub.6S*H.sub.3PO.sub.4* 0.25
NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, %: C, 43.98; H, 4.66; N, 7.33; S, 5.59. Found,
%: C, 43.59; H, 4.75; N, 7.50, S, 5.70.
Example 73
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-(4-{[4-(4-nitorphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2-pr-
openamide (PX118918)
[1097] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 199-200.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.97-3.09 (4H, m); 3.49-3.62 (4H,
m); 6.61 (1H, d, J=15.7 Hz); 6.99 (2H, d, J=9.2 Hz); 7.52 (1H, d,
J=15.7 Hz); 7.78 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 7.81 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 8.02
(2H, d, J=9.2 Hz); 9.17 (1H, s); 10.91 (1H, s). HPLC analysis on
Omnispher 5 C.sub.18: impurities 3.0% (column size 4.6.times.150
mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5),
40:60; sample concentration 0.25 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min;
detector UV 270 nm). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.19H.sub.20N.sub.4O.sub.6S, %: C, 52.77; H, 4.66; N, 12.96; S,
7.41. Found, %: C, 52.56; H, 4.74; N, 12.41; S, 7.28.
Example 74
(E)-3-(4-{[4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-N-hydroxy-2-p-
ropenamide (PX118891)
[1098] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 196-197.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 3.00-3.14 (8H, m); 6.63 (IH, d,
J=15.8 Hz); 6.92-7.18 (4H, m); 7.55 (IH, d, J=15.8 Hz); 7.80 (2H,
d, J=8.6 Hz); 7.84 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz); 9.16 (IH, s); 10.92 (IH, s).
HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18: impurities 3.5% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1 M phosphate buffer
(pH 2.5), 50:50; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0
mL/min; detector UV 254 nm.) Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.19H.sub.20FN.sub.3O.sub.4S*0.2 EtOAc, %: C, 56.21; H, 5.15;
N, 9.93; S, 7.58. Found, %: C, 56.07; H, 5.10; N, 9.97; S,
7.60.
Example 75
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-(4-{[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2--
propenamide (PX118892)
[1099] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 199-200.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.95-3.06 (4H, m); 3.13-3.25 (4H,
m); 3.68 (3H, s); 6.38 (IH, d, J=8.0 Hz); 6.42 (IH, s); 6.47 (H, d,
J=8.2 Hz); 6.61 (IH, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.09 (IH, t, J=8.0 Hz); 7.54
(IH, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.78 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.83 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz);
9.17 (IH, s); 10.91 (IH, br s). HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5
C.sub.18: impurities 4.5% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile
phase acetonitrile--0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 45:55; sample
concentration 0.15 mg/ml; flow rate 1.2 mL/min; detector UV 254
nm). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.20H.sub.23N.sub.3O.sub.5S*0.1EtOAc*0.2H.sub.2O, %: C, 57.00;
H, 5.67; N, 9.77; S, 7.46. Found, %: C, 57.04; H, 5.52; N, 9.64, S,
7.38.
Example 76
(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-(4-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenyl)-2--
propenamide (PX118905)
[1100] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 225-226.degree. C. .sub.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 2.89-3.13 (8H, m); 3.70 (3H, s);
6.63 (IH, d, J=15.8 Hz); 6.83-7.00 (4H, m); 7.56 (IH, d, J=15.8
Hz); 7.80 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz); 7.85 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz); 9.18 (IH, br
s); 10.93 (H, br s). HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5 C.sub.18:
impurities 4.5%. (column size 4.6.times.150mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile--0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 40:60; sample
concentration 0.2 mg/ml; flow rate 1.2 mL/min; detector UV 254 nm).
Anal. Calcd. for C.sub.20H.sub.23N.sub.3O.sub.5S*0.2
EtOAc*0.2H.sub.2O, %: C, 56.95; H, 5.74; N, 9.58; S, 7.31. Found,
%: C, 56.95; H, 5.66; N, 9.40; S, 7.54.
Example 77
3-{4-[4-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazine-1-sulfonyl]-phenyl}-N-hydroxy-acrylam-
ide (PX118906)
[1101] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above.
Example 78
N-Hydroxy-3-[4-(4-pyrimidin-2-yl-piperazine-1-sulfonyl)-phenyl]-acrylamide
(PX118907)
[1102] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above.
Example 79
3-[4-(4-Benzhydryl-piperazine-1-sulfonyl)-phenyl-N-hydroxy-acrylamide
(PX118910)
[1103] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above.
Example 80
N-Hydroxy-3-[4-(3-methyl-4-m-tolyl-piperazine-1-sulfonyl)-phenyl]-acrylami-
de (PX118911)
[1104] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above.
Method E
General Synthesis of 1-Acylpiperazines
[1105] Appropriate carboxylic acid (1-2 mmol) and
hydroxybenztriazole (1 eq) were suspended in chloroform (2 mL/1
mmol) and a solution of 1,3-dicylcohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (1 eq)
in a minimal amount of dimethylformamide was added. The mixture was
stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature to give white
suspension. The mixture was transferred slowly to a pre-cooled
solution of anhydrous piperazine (5 eq) in chloroform (1 mL/1
mmol). The reaction was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature,
the white suspension (DCU) was filtered, and the filtrate was
extracted with 2 M HCl. The HCl extracts were basified with 2 M
NaOH to pH 9, extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic extract
was washed with brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and evaporated
under reduced pressure. The crude product was used without further
purification, or was purified on silica gel (20 g) with
methanol-NH.sub.4OH (ca. 95:5 to 90:10) as eluent.
Example 81
2-Naphthyl(1-piperazinyl)methanone (13a)
[1106] The title compound was prepared from naphthalene
2-carboxylic acid (12a), using Method E, yield 94%. .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.92 (s, 1H); 2.87 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H);
3.63 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 7.43-7.74 (m, 3H); T89-8.12 (m, 4H).
Example 82
2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13b)
[1107] The title compound was prepared from
2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid (12b), using Method E, yield
75%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.61 (s, 1H); 2.63
(t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 2.78 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.45 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H);
3.65 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.78 (s, 2H); 3.83 (s, 3H); 6.78 (dd, J=8.8
and 3.0 Hz, 1H); 7.06 (t, J=3.0 Hz, 2H); 7.22 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H);
8.27 (s, 1H).
Example 83
2-(2-Naphthyloxy)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13c)
[1108] The title compound was prepared from 2-(2-naphthyloxy)acetic
acid (2c), using Method E, yield 97%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDS), .delta.: 1.69 (s, 1H); 2.83 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 3.61 (t,
J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 4.81 (s, 2H); 7.12-7.58 (m, 4H); 7.69-7.92 (m,
3H).
Example 84
2-(1-Naphthyloxy)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13d)
[1109] The title compound was prepared from 2-(1-naphthyloxy)acetic
acid (2d), using Method E, yield 82%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDS), .delta.: 1.87 (s, 1H); 2.63 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 2.83 (t,
J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.45 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.65 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.89
(s, 2H); 7.29-7.61 (m, 3H); 7.65-7.96 (m, 4H).
Example 85
2-(1-Benzothiophen-3-yl)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13e)
[1110] The title compound was prepared from
2-(1-benzothiophen-3-yl)acetic acid (12e), using Method E, yield
92%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.61 (s, 1H); 2.67
(t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H): 2.83 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.43 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H);
3.67 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.81 (s, 2H); 7.21-7.54 (m, 3H); 7.69-7.98
(m, 2H).
Example 86
3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-propanone (13f)
[1111] The title compound was prepared from
3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (12f), using Method E, yield 79%.
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 2.03 (s, 1H); 2.54-2.89
(m, 6H); 3.03-3.21 (m, 2H); 3.34 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.58 (t, J=5.0
Hz, 2H); 7.00-7.45 (m, 4H); 7.52-7.74 (m, 1H); 8.13 (bs, 1H).
Example 87
1H-Indol-3-yl(1-piperazinyl)methanone (13g)
[1112] The title compound was prepared from 1H-indole-3-carboxylic
acid (12g), using Method E, yield 39%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDS), .delta.: 1.67 (s, 1H); 2.89 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 3.69 (t,
J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 7.09-7.43 (m, 4H); 7.63-7.87 (m, 1H); 9.27 (bs,
1H).
Example 88
Tert-butyl 4-benzoyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate (15h)
[1113] To a solution of N-Boc-piperazine (14) (1.00 g, 5.37 mmol)
in dioxane (5 mL), a solution of NaOH (0.50 g, 12.9 mmol) in water
(5 mL) followed by a solution of benzoyl chloride (0.75 mL, 6.44
mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) under vigorous stirring were added. The
reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours,
diluted with brine (20 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate
(2.times.25 mL). The organic extract was washed successively with
brine (20 mL), saturated NaHCO.sub.3 (20 mL), saturated
KH.sub.2PO.sub.4 (20 mL), and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The
solvents were evaporated to give the title compound (1.400 g, 90%)
which was used in the next step of the synthesis without further
purification. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.41 (s,
9H), 2.86 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 3.62 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 7.34 (s,
5H).
Method F
General Synthesis of Tert-Butyl 1-piperazinecarboxylates
[1114] A solution of appropriate acid 12i-k (2.75 mmol) in
anhydrous dimethylformamide (4.5 mL) was cooled in ice bath under
argon and carbonyldiimidazole (0.490 g, 3.01 mmol) was added. The
mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, then a solution of
N-Boc-piperazine 14 (2.75 mmol) in dimethylformamide (3 mL) was
added. The mixture was stirred at ice bath temperature for 1 hour,
followed by 20 hours at room temperature, diluted with brine (20
mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.25 mL). The organic
phase was washed successively with brine (20 mL), saturated
KH.sub.2PO.sub.4 (20 mL), brine (20 mL), and dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The solvent was evaporated and the crude
product was used in a further step of the synthesis without
additional purification, or was purified on silica gel (20 g) with
ethyl acetate as eluent.
Example 89
tert-Butyl 4-[4-(dimethylamino)benzoyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylate
(15i)
[1115] The title compound was prepared from
4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid (12i), using Method F, yield 61%.
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.45 (s, 9H); 2.98 (s,
6H); 3.29-3.74 (m, 8H); 6.69 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.36 (d, J=8.8 Hz,
2H).
Example 90
tert-Butyl 4-(4-cyanobenzoyl)-1-piperazinecarboxylate (15j)
[1116] The title compound was prepared from 4-cyanobenzoic acid
(12j), using Method F, yield 96%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS),
.delta.: 1.40 (s, 9H); 2.87 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 3.63 (t, J=5.0 Hz,
4H); 6.70 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.12 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).
Example 91
tert-Butyl
4-{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]acetyl}-1-piperazinecarboxylate
(15k)
[1117] The title compound was prepared from
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]acetic acid (12k), using Method F, yield
60%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.43 (s, 9H); 2.92
(s, 6H); 3.07-3.78 (m, 8H); 3.65 (s, 2H); 6.72 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H);
7.14 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).
Method G
General Synthesis of 1-Acylpiperazines
[1118] A solution of an appropriate N-Boc-piperazine derivative
15h-k (2.5 mmol) in 1 N HCl methanol (12.5 mL) (made in situ from
AcCl and MeOH) was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature, and
then the mixture was evaporated. To the residue, water (30 mL) was
added, the mixture was washed with diethyl ether, and the pH of the
aqueous phase was brought to 9 with 2 M NaOH. The reaction product
was extracted with chloroform (3.times.25 mL), the organic extract
was washed with brine (25 mL), and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The
solvent was evaporated and the crude product was used in a further
step of the synthesis without additional purification, or was
purified on silica gel (20 g) with methanol-NH.sub.4OH (9:1) as
eluent.
Example 92
Phenyl(1-piperazinyl)methanone (13h)
[1119] The title compound was prepared from tert-butyl
4-benzoyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate (15h), using Method G, yield 87%.
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.81 (s, 1H); 2.76 (t,
J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 3.56 (bs, 4H); 7.41 (s, 5H).
Example 93
[4-(Dimethylamino)phehyl](1-piperazinyl)methanone (13i)
[1120] The title compound was prepared from tert-butyl
4-[4-(dimethylamino)benzoyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylate (15i), using
Method G, yield 82%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.91
(s, 1H); 2.87 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 2.98 (s, 6H); 3.63 (t, J=5.0 Hz,
4H); 6.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.34 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).
Example 94
4-(1-piperazinylcarbonyl)benzonitrile (13j)
[1121] The title compound was prepared from fed-butyl
4-(4-cyanobenzoyl)-1-piperazinecarboxylate (15j), using Method G,
yield 62%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.92 (s, 1H);
2.69-3.02 (m, 4H); 3.14-3.92 (m, 4H); 7.49 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.72
(d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).
Example 95
8-(4-{2-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]acetyl}-1-piperazinyl)-N-hydroxy-8-oxooct-
anamide (13k)
[1122] The title compound was prepared from tert-butyl
4-{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]acetyl}-1-piperazinecarboxylate
(15k), using Method G, yield 80%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS),
.delta.: 1.63 (s, 1H); 2.63 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 2.78 (t, J=5.0 Hz,
2H); 2.92 (s, 6H); 3.41 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.58 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H);
3.65 (s, 2H); 6.99 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.11 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).
Method H
General Synthesis of N-Monosubstituted piperazines
[1123] To a suspension of LiAlH.sub.4 (2.5 eq) in anhydrous
tetrahydrofuran (2-3 mL/1 mmol) under argon atmosphere, a solution
of appropriate N-acylpiperazine 13b,c,f,g,k (1 eq) in
tetrahydrofuran (1.5 mL/1 mmol) was added, and the mixture was
stirred at reflux temperature until the initial compound
disappeared (3-7 hours on average). The reaction mixture was
allowed to cool to room temperature and methanol, water, and 1N
NaOH were carefully added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2
hours at room temperature and the mixture passed through a celite
pad. The filtrate was evaporated and the residue was purified on
silica gel (20 g) with methanol-NH.sub.4OH (9:1) as eluent to give
the expected piperazine product.
Example 96
5-Methoxy-3-[2-(1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-1H-indole (16b)
[1124] The title compound was prepared from
2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13b),
using Method H, yield 38%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.:
1.61 (s, 1H); 2.47-2.81 (m, 6H); 2.87-3.09 (m, 6H); 3.85 (s, 3H);
6.85 (dd, J=8.8 and 3.0 Hz, 1H); 7.05 (t, J=3.0 Hz, 2H); 7.25 (d,
J=8.8 Hz, 1H); 7.83 (s, 1H).
Example 97
1-[2-(2-Naphthyloxy)ethyl]piperazine (16c)
[1125] The title compound was prepared from
2-(2-naphthyloxy)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13c), using Method
H, yield 43%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.48 (s,
1H); 2.56 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 2.85 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 2.92 (t, J=5.0
Hz, 4H); 4.25 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 7.05-7.58 (m, 4H); 7.65-7.89 (m,
3H).
Example 98
3-[3-(1-piperazinyl)propyl]-1H-indole (16f)
[1126] The title compound was prepared from
3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-propanone (13f), using Method
H, yield 74%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO, HMDS), .delta.: 1.69 (t, J=7.0 Hz,
1H); 1.78 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H); 2.12-2.34 (m, 6H); 2.36-2.47 (1H,
overlapped with DMSO signal); 2.49-2.76 (m, 6H); 6.67-7.00 (m, 3H);
7.05-7.45 (m, 2H); 10.49 (s, 1H).
Example 99
3-(1-piperazinylmethyl)-1H-indole (16q)
[1127] The title compound was prepared from
1H-indol-3-yl(1-piperazinyl)methanone (13q), using Method H, yield
63%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDS), .delta.: 1.81 (s, 1H); 2.49
(t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 2.89 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H); 3.72 (s, 2H); 7.05-7.52
(m, 4H); 7.65-7.83 (m, 1H); 8.14 (bs, 1H).
Example 100
N,N-Dimethyl-4-[2-(1-piperazinyl)ethyl]aniline (16k)
[1128] The title compound was prepared from
8-(4-{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]acetyl}-1-piperazinyl)-N-hydroxy-8-oxooc-
tanamide (13k), using Method H, yield 82%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDS), .delta.: 1.74 (s, 1H); 2.34-2.72 (m, 8H); 2.89 (s, OH);
2.81-3.03 (m, 4H); 6.72 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.09 (d, J=8.8 Hz,
2H).
Method J
General Synthesis of Amidoesters
[1129] A solution of dicarbonic acid monoethyl (or monomethyl)
ester 18a or 18b (2.73 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (5 mL)
under argon atmosphere was cooled in an ice bath and to the
solution carbonyldiimidazole (0.500 g, 3.08 mmol) was added. The
mixture was stirred for 1 hour at ice bath temperature, then
appropriate piperazine (2.73 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, concentrated under
vacuum, and partitioned between brine (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (40
mL), The organic layer was washed successively with water (25 mL),
5% citric acid (25 mL), brine (25 mL), and dried (MgSO.sub.4). The
solvent was evaporated and the residue was chromatographed on
silica gel (20 g) with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate as eluent
affording the corresponding reaction product.
Example 101
8-Oxo-8-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-octanoic acid methyl ester
(19a)
[1130] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monomethyl
ester (18b) and N-phenylpiperazine (17a) (commercially available)
using Method J, yield 88%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.05-1.72 (m, 8H); 2.02-2.30 (m, 8H); 3.30-3.60 (m, 4H);
3.51 (s, 3H); 7.21-7.51 (m, 5H).
Example 102
Ethyl 7-(4-benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxoheptanoate (19b)
[1131] The title compound was obtained from pimelic acid monoethyl
ester (18a) and 1-(diphenylmethyl)piperazine (17b) (commercially
available) using Method J, yield 80%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.04-1.62 (m, 9H); 2.12-2.36 (m, 8H); 3.35-3.50
(m, 4H); 4.17 (q, 2H, J=7.3 Hz); 4.31 (s, 1H); 7.02-7.59 (m,
10H).
Example 103
Ethyl 7-oxo-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)heptanoate (19c)
[1132] The title compound was obtained from pimelic acid monoethyl
ester (18a) and N-phenylpiperazine (17a) (commercially available)
using Method J, yield 88%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.12-1.62 (m, 9H); 1.97-2.35 (m, 8H); 3.27-3.59 (m, 4H);
4.17 (q, 2H, J=7.2 Hz); 7.03-7.51 (m, 5H).
Example 104
Methyl 8-(4-benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl)-8-oxooctanoate (19d)
[1133] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monomethyl
ester (18b) and 1-(diphenylmethyl)piperazine (17b) (commercially
available) using Method J, yield 91%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.02-1.67 (m, 8H); 2.09-2.38 (m, 8H); 3.33-3.51
(m, 4H); 3.56 (s, 3H); 4.29 (s, 1H); 7.09-7.56 (m, 10H).
Example 105
Methyl 8-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate
(19e)
[1134] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monomethyl
ester (18b) and 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride (17c)
(commercially available) (before the addition of hydrochloride
(17c), triethylamine (3.0 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture),
using Method J, yield 87%. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.12-1.60 (m, 8H); 1.97-2.82 (m, 8H, overlapped with a
signal of DMSO); 3.40-3.62 (m, 7H); 3.75 (s, 3H); 6.92-7.15 (m,
4H).
Method K
General Synthesis of Amidoesters
[1135] To a solution of dicarbonic acid monoethyl (or monomethyl)
ester 18a or 18b (2.75 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL)
oxalyl chloride (0.84 mL, 9.63 mmol) and a drop of
dimethylformamide were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred
for 30 minutes at room temperature followed by 1 hour at 40.degree.
C. The solution was carefully evaporated under reduced pressure and
the residue was dried in vacuum at 40.degree. C. The resulting
chloride was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) and the
obtained solution to a cold suspension (ice bath) of piperazine
(2.75 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), and saturated NaHCO.sub.3 (10
mL) under vigorous stirring was added. The stirring was continued
for 1 hour at ice bath temperature and 20 hours at room
temperature. The mixture was diluted with brine (30 mL) and
extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.25 mL). The organic phase was
washed with brine and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The solvent was
evaporated and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel (20 g)
with benzene--ethyl acetate as eluent to give the corresponding
reaction product.
Example 106
Ethyl 8-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19f)
[1136] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18c) and 1-(2-chlorophenyl)piperazine (17d) (commercially
available) using Method K, yield 80%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.13 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.18-1.91 (m, 8H); 2.29
(t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 2.38 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 3.02 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H);
3.50-3.90 (m, 4H); 4.11 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.85-7.09 (m, 2H);
7.14-7.48 (m, 2H).
Example 107
Ethyl 8-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19g)
[1137] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18c) and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (17e) (commercially
available) using Method K, yield 88%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.23 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.18-1.79 (m, 8H); 2.29
(t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 2.36 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 3.14 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H);
3.44-3.87 (m, 4H); 4.11 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.66-6.92 (m, 2H);
7.05-7.37 (m, 2H).
Example 108
Ethyl 7-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate
(19h)
[1138] The title compound was obtained from pimelic acid monoethyl
ester (18a) and 1-(2-chlorophenyl)piperazine (17d) (commercially
available) using Method K, yield 79%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.23 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.18-1.89 (m, 6H); 2.29
(t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 2.38 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 3.00 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H);
3.49-3.89 (m, 4H); 4.12 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.85-7.09 (m, 2H);
7.14-7.48 (m, 2H).
Example 109
Ethyl 7-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate
(19i)
[1139] The title compound was obtained from pimelic acid monoethyl
ester (18a) and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (17e) (commercially
available) using Method K, yield 78%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.23 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.18-1.89 (m, 6H); 2.29
(t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 2.36 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 3.14 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H);
3.45-3.89 (m, 4H); 4.12 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.67-6.94 (m, 2H);
7.05-7.38 (m, 2H).
Method L
General Synthesis of Amidoesters
[1140] A solution of dicarbonic acid monomethyl (or monoethyl)
ester 18a-c (2.75 mmol) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (3 mL) was
cooled in ice bath under argon atmosphere and carbonyldiimidazole
(490 mg, 3.01 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at ice bath
temperature for 30 minutes and a solution of appropriate piperazine
(2.75 mmol) in dimethylformamide (3 mL) was added (if the
piperazine was used in a hydrochloride form triethylamine (1.0 mL)
before the piperazine hydrochloride to the reaction mixture was
added). The mixture was stirred at ice bath temperature for 1 hour
followed by 20 hours at room temperature. Then the reaction mixture
was diluted with brine (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate
(3.times.25 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was
chromatographed on silica gel with appropriate eluent to give the
corresponding reaction product.
Example 110
Ethyl 8-[4-(2-naphthoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctancate (19j)
[1141] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18c) and 2-naphthyl(1-piperazinyl)methanone (13a) using
Method L, yield 79%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.16
(t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.18-1.65 (m, 8H); 2.25 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 2.38
(t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 3.36-3.65 (m, 81-1); 4.02 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H);
7.43-7.74 (m, 3H); 7.89-8.12 (m, 4H).
Example 111
Ethyl 8-(4-benzoyl-1-piperazinyl)-8-oxooctanoate (19k)
[1142] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18c) and phenyl(1-piperazinyl)methanone (13h) using Method
L, yield 89%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.28 (t,
J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.14-1.83 (m, 8H); 2.16 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.23 (t,
J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 3.00-3.25 (m, 4H); 3.49-3.83 (m, 4H); 3.98 (q, J=7.0
Hz, 2H); 7.39 (s, 5H).
Example 112
Ethyl 8-{4-[4-(dimethylamino)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate
(191)
[1143] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18c) and [4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](1-piperazinyl)methanone
(13i) using Method L, yield 81%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.27 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.15-1.88 (m, 8H); 2.34 (t, J=7.0
Hz, 2H); 2.52 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H); 2.88 (s, 6H); 3.00-3.21 (m, 4H);
3.49-3.87 (m, 4H); 4.11 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 7.08 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H);
7.35 (s, 5H).
Example 113
Ethyl 8-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate
(19m)
[1144] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18c) and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (17f) (commercially
available) using Method L, yield 76%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.16 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.05-1.76 (m, 8H); 2.22
(t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.29 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.85-3.07 (m, 4H);
3.43-3.78 (m, 4H); 3.72 (s, 3H); 4.05 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.83 (s,
4H).
Example 114
Ethyl 8-[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate
(19n)
[1145] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18c) and 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (17g) (commercially
available) using Method L, yield 62%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.29 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.16-1.85 (m, 8H); 2.16
(t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.22 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 3.00-3.25 (m, 4H);
3.49-3.83 (m, 4H); 3.65 (s, 3H); 3.98 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.36-6.67
(m, 3H); 7.05-7.23 (m, 1H).
Example 115
Ethyl 8-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19o)
[1146] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18c) and 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine (17h) (commercially
available) using Method L, yield 67%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.23 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.07-1.89 (m, 8H); 2.29
(t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.36 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 3.25-3.92 (m, 8H); 4.12
(q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.83 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 8.14 (d, J=8.8 Hz,
2H).
Example 116
Methyl
8-{4-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctano-
ate (19p)
[1147] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monomethyl
ester (18b) and
2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13b)
using Method L, yield 76%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.12-1.89 (m, 8H); 2.29 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 4H); 3.09-3.74 (m,
8H); 3.65 (s, 3H); 3.83 (s, 2H); 3.85 (s, 3H); 6.89 (dd, J=8.8 and
3.0 Hz, 1H); 7.07 (t, J=3.0 Hz, 2H); 7.16-7.35 (m, 1H); 8.31 (bs,
1H).
Example 117
Methyl 8-{4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate
(19r)
[1148] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monomethyl
ester (18b) and 1-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]piperazine (16c) using
Method L, yield 56%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.14-1.81 (m, 8H); 2.29 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 4H); 2.43-2.69 (m, 4H); 2.87
(t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H); 3.32-3.74 (m, 4H); 3.63 (s, 3H); 4.23 (t, J=5.0
Hz, 2H); 7.03-7.23 (m, 2H); 7.29-7.52 (m, 2H); 7.61-7.83 (m,
2H).
Example 118
Ethyl 8-{4-[2-(1-naphthyloxy)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate
(19s)
[1149] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18e) and 2-(1-naphthyloxy)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone
(13d) using Method L, yield 65%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.23 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.18-1.85 (m, 8H); 2.27 (t, J=7.0
Hz, 4H); 3.10-3.81 (m. 8H); 3.92 (s, 2H); 4.12 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H);
7.32-7.59 (m, 3H); 7.65-7.94 (m, 4H).
Example 119
Methyl
8-{4-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoa-
te (19t)
[1150] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monomethyl
ester (18b) and 5-methoxy-3-[2-(1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-1H-indole
(16b) using Method L, yield 89%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.18-1.78 (m, 8H); 2.34 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 4H); 2.52 (t, J=6.0
Hz, 4H); 2.65-2.89 (m, 4H); 3.38-3.74 (m, 4H); 3.67 (s, 3H); 3.85
(s, 3H); 6.87 (dd, J=8.8 and 3.0 Hz, 1H); 7.03 (t, J=3.0 Hz, 2H);
7.25 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H); 8.01 (s, 1H).
Example 120
Ethyl
8-{4-[2-(1-benzothiophen-3-yl)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate
(19u)
[1151] The title compound was obtained from suberic acid monoethyl
ester (18c) and
2-(1-benzothiophen-3-yl)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13e) using
Method L, yield 83%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.23
(t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.16-1.87 (m, 8H); 2.29 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 4H);
3.27-3.83 (m, 8H); 3.94 (s, 2H); 4.12 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 7.18-7.52
(m, 2H); 7.72-7.96 (m, 2H).
Example 121
Ethyl 7-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate
(19y)
[1152] The title compound was obtained from pimelic acid monoethyl
ester (18a) and 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperazine (17i)
(commercially available) using Method L, yield 73%. .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.23 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.14-1.87 (m,
6H); 2.16-2.49 (m, 4H); 2.98-3.23 (m, 4H); 3.47-3.83 (m, 4H); 4.09
(q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.74 (dd, J=8.8 and 3.0 Hz, 1H); 6.96 (d, J=3.0
Hz, 1H); 7.32 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H).
Example 122
Ethyl 7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate
(19v)
[1153] The title compound was obtained from pimelic acid monoethyl
ester (18a) and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine (17j) (commercially
available) using Method L, yield 74%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.22 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.16-1.89 (m, 6H);
2.16-2.49 (m, 4H); 2.93-3.18 (m, 4H); 3.49-3.87 (m, 4H); 4.09 (q,
J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.77-7.14 (m, 4H).
Example 123
Ethyl 7-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate
(19w)
[1154] The title compound was obtained from pimelic acid monoethyl
ester (18a) and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazine (17k) (commercially
available) using Method L, yield 75%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.23 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.16-1.87 (m, 6H);
2.16-2.49 (m, 4H); 3.00-3.21 (m, 4H); 3.49-3.87 (m, 4H); 4.11 (q,
J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 6.85 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.23 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).
Method M
Synthesis of O-Benzylhydroxamate Esters
[1155] To a solution of dicarbonic acid monoethyl (or monomethyl)
ester 18a-c (2.75 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL) oxalyl
chloride (0.84 mL, 9.63 mmol) and a drop of dimethylformamide were
added, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room
temperature followed by 1 hour at 40.degree. C. The solution was
carefully evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was
dried in vacuum at 40.degree. C. The resulting chloride was
dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) and the obtained
solution to a cold suspension (ice bath) of benzylhydroxylamine
hydrochloride (2.75 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), and saturated
NaHCO.sub.3 (10 mL) was added under vigorous stirring. The stirring
was continued for 1 hour at ice bath temperature and 20 hours at
room temperature. The mixture was diluted with brine (30 mL) and
extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.25 mL). The organic phase was
washed with brine and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The solvent was
evaporated and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel (20 g)
with chloroform--ethyl acetate (gradient from 100:0 to 50:50) as
eluent to give the corresponding reaction product (20a-c) in 80-90%
yield.
Example 124
Ethyl 7-[(benzyloxy)amino]-7-oxoheptanoate (20a)
[1156] The title product was obtained from heptanedioic acid
monoethyl ester, using Method M. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.22 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.07-1.88 (m, 6H); 1.89-2.26 (m,
2H); 2.29 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 4.11 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 4.88 (s, 2H);
7.31 (s, 5H).
Example 125
Methyl 8-[(benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoate (20b)
[1157] The title product was obtained from octanedioic acid
monomethyl ester, using Method M. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.09-1.83 (m, 8H); 1.87-2.27 (m, 2H); 2.27 (t, J=7.0 Hz,
2H); 3.63 (s, 3H); 4.87 (s, 2H); 7.29 (s, 5H).
Example 126
Ethyl 8-[(benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoate (20c)
[1158] The title product was obtained from octanedioic acid
monoethyl ester, using Method M. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.23 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.09-1.83 (m, 8H); 1.87-2.27 (m,
2H); 2.27 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 4.12 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 4.87 (s, 2H);
7.29 (s, 5H).
Method N
Synthesis of O-Benzylhydroxamate Carboxylic Acids
[1159] To a solution of appropriate ester 20a-c (1, 5-2 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (5 mL), a saturated aqueous solution of LION (5 mL)
was added. The mixture was stirred for 5 hours at room temperature.
The organic volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure and
the mixture was supplemented with water (20 mL). The mixture was
washed with diethyl ether and aqueous phase was acidified with 2 M
HCl to pH 3. The crude product was extracted with ethyl acetate
(3.times.20 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine
(3.times.10 mL) and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The solvent was
evaporated and the residue was dried in vacuum to give expected
product 21a or 21b in 60-70% yield.
Example 127
7-[(Benzyloxy)amino]-7-oxoheptanoic acid (21a),
[1160] The title product was obtained from ethyl
7-[(benzyloxy)amino]-7-oxoheptanoate (20a), using Method N. .sup.1H
NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.07-1.88 (m, 6H); 1.89-2.26 (m,
2H); 2.29 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 4.88 (s, 2H); 7.32 (s, 5H).
Example 128
8-[(Benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoic acid (21b),
[1161] The title product was obtained from methyl
8-[(benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoate (20b) or ethyl
8-[(benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoate (20c), using Method N. .sup.1H
NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.09-1.81 (m, 8H); 1.88-2.29 (m,
2H); 2.27 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 4.86 (s, 2H); 7.30 (s, 5H).
Method P
General Synthesis of O-Benzyl Hydroxamates
[1162] A solution of dicarbonic acid N-benzyloxy monoamide 21a or
21b (1 eq) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (2 mL/mmol) was cooled in
ice bath under argon atmosphere, and carbonyldiimidazole (1.1 eq.)
was added. The mixture was stirred at ice bath temperature for 30
minutes and a solution of appropriate piperazine (1 eq) in
dimethylformamide (2 mL/mmol) was added (if the piperazine was used
in a hydrochloride form, triethylamine (3 eq) was added to the
reaction mixture prior to the piperazine hydrochloride). The
mixture was stirred at ice bath temperature for 1 hour followed by
20 hours at room temperature. Then the reaction mixture was diluted
with brine and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was
washed with brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and the solvent was
evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel with
appropriate eluent (chloroform--ethyl acetate for less polar and
ethyl acetate--methanol for more polar compounds) to give the
corresponding reaction product 22a-k.
Example 129
N-(Benzyloxy)-8-[4-(4-cyanebenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanamide
(22a)
[1163] The title compound was obtained from
8-[(benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoic acid (21b) and
4-(1-piperazinylcarbonyl)benzonitrile (13j), using Method P, yield
79%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.09-1.81 (m, 8H);
1.87-2.17 (m, 2H); 2.18-2.42 (m, 2H); 3.32-3.89 (m, 8H); 4.89 (s,
2H); 7.38 (s, 5H); 7.52 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.76 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H);
8.03 (s, 1H).
Example 130
N-(Benzyloxy)-7-oxo-7-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]heptanamide
(22b)
[1164] The title compound was obtained from
7-[(benzyloxy)amino]-7-oxoheptanoic acid (21a) and
1-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine (17l) (commercially available), using
Method P, yield 50%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.16-1.81 (m, 6H); 2.36 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 3.21 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H);
3.36-3.85 (m, 8H); 4.76 (bs, 1H); 5.09 (s, 2H); 6.58-6.74 (m, 2H);
7.34 (s, 5H); 7.41-7.63 (m, 1H); 8.12-8.29 (m, 1H).
Example 131
N-(Benzyloxy)-8-(4-{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]acetyl}-1-piperazinyl)-8-ox-
coctanamide (22c)
[1165] The title compound was obtained from
8-[(benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoic acid (21b) and
2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13k),
using Method P, yield 68%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.05-1.81 (m, 8H); 1.85-2.32 (m, 4H); 2.89 (s, 6H);
3.07-3.69 (m, 8H); 3.65 (s, 2H); 4.87 (s, 2H); 6.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz,
2H); 7.07 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.36 (s, 5H); 8.00 (s, 1H).
Example 132
N-(Benzyloxy)-8-oxo-8-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]octanamicle
(22d)
[1166] The title compound was obtained from
8-[(benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoic acid (21b) and
2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrimidine (17m) (commercially available), using
Method P, yield 64%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.14-1.81 (m, 8H); 1.96-2.25 (m, 2H); 2.36 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H);
3.43-3.94 (m, 8H); 4.89 (s, 2H); 6.54 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 1H); 7.38 (s,
5H); 7.92-8.03 (m, 1H); 8.32 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 2H).
Example 133
N-(Benzyloxy)-8-(4-{3-[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl]propyl}-1-piperazinyl)-8-ox-
ooctanamide (22e)
[1167] The title compound was obtained from
8-[(benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoic acid (21b) and
N,N-dimethyl-3-[3-(1-piperazinyl)propyl]aniline (16k), using Method
P, yield 63%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.83
(m, 8H); 2.07-2.38 (m, 4H); 2.43-2.76 (m, 8H); 2.92 (s, 6H);
3.38-3.80 (m, 4H); 4.92 (s, 2H); 6.71 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.12 (d,
J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.41 (s, 5H); 8.07-8.36 (m, 1H).
Example 134
N-(Benzyloxy)-8-{4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanamid-
e (22f)
[1168] The title compound was obtained from
8-[(benzyloxy)amino]-8-oxooctanoic acid (21b) and
2-(2-naphthyloxy)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-ethanone (13c), using Method
P, yield 66%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.14-1.76
(m, 8H); 1.94-2.40 (m, 4H); 3.29-3.74 (m, 8H); 4.83 (s, 2H); 4.88
(s, 2H); 7.07-7.30 (m, 3H); 7.36 (s, 5H); 7.31-7.58 (m, 1H);
7.65-7.92 (m, 3H); 8.25 (bs, 1H).
Example 135
N-(Benzyloxy)-7-{4-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]-1-piperazinyl}-7-oxoheptan-
amide (22g)
[1169] The title compound was obtained from
7-[(benzyloxy)amino]-7-oxoheptanoic acid (21a) and
3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(1-piperazinyl)-1-propanone (13f), using Method
P, yield 63%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.09-1.85
(m, 6H); 1.92-2.41 (m, 4H); 2.58-3.00 (m, 4H); 3.05-3.72 (m, 8H);
4.89 (s, 2H); 6.91-7.39 (m, 5H); 7.38 (s, 5H); 7.52-7.74 (m, 1H);
8.25-8.76 (m, 1H).
Example 136
N-(Benzyloxy)-7-[4-(1H-indol-3-ylcarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanamide
(22h)
[1170] The title compound was obtained from
7-[(benzyloxy)amino]-7-oxoheptanoic acid (21a) and
1H-indol-3-yl(1-piperazinyl)methanone (13g), using Method P, yield
69%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.14-1.78 (m, 6H);
1.87-2.45 (m, 4H); 3.34-3.78 (m, 8H); 4.87 (s, 2H); 7.14-7.54 (m,
5H); 7.41 (s, 5H); 7.58-7.83 (m, 1H); 9.14-9.38 (m, 1H).
Example 137
N-(Benzyloxy)-7-{4-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1-piperazinyl}-7-oxoheptanami-
de (22i)
[1171] The title compound was obtained from
7-[(benzyloxy)amino]-7-oxoheptanoic acid (21a) and
3-[3-(1-piperazinyl)propyl]-1H-indole (16f), using Method P, yield
87%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.14-2.00 (m, 8H);
2.12-2.56 (m, 8H); 2.67-2.96 (m, 4H); 3.32-3.71 (m, 4H); 4.89 (s,
2H); 6.92-7.36 (m, 5H); 7.38 (s, 5H); 7.49-7.69 (m, 1H); 7.85-8.00
(m, 1H).
Example 138
N-(Benzyloxy)-7-[4-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanamide
(22j)
[1172] The title compound was obtained from
7-[(benzyloxy)amino]-7-oxoheptanoic acid (21a) and
3-(1-piperazinylmethyl)-1H-indole (16q), using Method P, yield 59%.
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.16-1.87 (m, 6H);
2.03-2.60 (m, 8H); 3.32-3.69 (m, 4H); 3.72 (s, 2H); 4.89 (s, 2H);
7.05-7.34 (m, 5H); 7.38 (s, 5H); 7.60-7.85 (m, 1H); 8.03-8.41 (m,
1H).
Example 139
N-(Benzyloxy)-7-[4-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanamide
(22k)
[1173] The title compound was obtained from
7-[(benzyloxy)amino]-7-oxoheptanoic acid (21a) and
1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)piperazine (17n) (commercially available),
using Method P, yield 71%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, HMDSO),
.delta.; 1.14-1.80 (m, 6H); 2.11 (s, 3H) 2.16 (s, 3H); 2.36-2.49
(m, 4H); 3.36-3.85 (m, 8H); 4.89 (s, 2H); 6.70 (dd, J=8.8 and 3.0
Hz, 1H); 6.86 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H); 7.02 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s,
5H).
Method Q
General Synthesis of Hydroxamic Acids from Amidoesters
[1174] To a 1 M solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in methanol
(5 mL, 5 mmol) a 5 M solution of sodium methylate (1 mL, 5 mmol)
was added, and the precipitate was filtered off. To the filtrate, a
solution of appropriate amidoester (19a-e) (2.47 mmol) in methanol
(3 mL) was added and the resultant mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 24 hours. The mixture was acidified with acetic
acid to pH 5 and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was
extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL), the extract was washed with
water, brine, and dried (MgSO.sub.4). The extract was filtrated,
concentrated to ca. 5-10 mL, and allowed to crystallize. The
precipitate was filtered, washed with ethyl acetate, and dried in
vacuum to give the corresponding hydroxamic acid.
Example 140
8-Oxo-8-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-octanoic acid hydroxyamide
(PX117402)
[1175] The title compound was obtained from
8-oxo-8-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-octanoic acid methyl ester (19a)
by Method Q, yield 42%. M.p. 134-136.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.16-1.38 (m, 4H); 1.38-1.60 (m,
4H); 1.93 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz); 2.33 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz); 3.09 (m, 4H);
3.57 (m, 4H); 6.80 (t, 1H, J=7.1 Hz); 6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz); 7.22
(t, 2H, J=7.7 Hz); 8.66 (s, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on
Symmetry C.sub.8 column: impurities 1.3% (column size 3.9.times.150
mm; mobile phase acetonitrile-0.1% H.sub.3PO.sub.4, 30:70; detector
UV 220 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.1 mL/min).
Anal. Calcd for C.sub.18H.sub.27N.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C, 64.84; H,
8.16; N, 12.60. Found, %: C, 64.71; H, 8.20; N, 12.52.
Example 141
7-(4-Benzhydryl-piperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-heptanoic acid hydroxyamide
(PX117403)
[1176] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
7-(4-benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxoheptanoate (19b) by Method Q,
yield 29%. M.p. 157-159.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO) .delta.: 1.08-1.32 (m, 2H); 1.35-1.60 (m, 4H); 1.82-2.02 (m,
2H); 2.03-2.40 (m, 6H); 3.23-3.60 (m, 4H overlapped with a water
signal of DMSO); 4.30 (s, 1H); 7.09-7.52 (m, 10H); 8.68 (s, 1H);
10.34 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Zorbax Rx-C.sub.18 column:
impurities 1.5% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile-water, 80:20; detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration
1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.24H.sub.31N.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C 70.39; H, 7.63; N, 10.26.
Found, %: C, 70.09; H, 7.67; N, 10.11.
Example 142
7-Oxo-7-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-heptanoic acid hydroxyamide
(PX117404)
[1177] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
7-oxo-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)heptanoate (19c) by Method Q, yield
27%, M.p. 107-109.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO)
.delta.: 1.15-1.36 (m, 2H); 1.38-1.60 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t, 2H, J=7.1
Hz); 2.33 (t, 2H, J=7.3 Hz); 3.09 (m, 4H); 3.58 (m, 4H); 6.80 (t,
1H, J=7.3 Hz); 6.95 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz); 7.22 (t, 2H, J=7.9 Hz); 8.69
(s, 1H); 10.35 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Zorbax SB-C.sub.18 column:
impurities 3% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
methanol-0.1% H.sub.3PO.sub.4, gradient from 50:50 to 90:10;
detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 0.55 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5
mL/min). Anal. Calcd for C.sub.17H.sub.25N.sub.3O.sub.3, C, 63.93;
H, 7.89; N, 13.16. Found, %: C, 63.80; H, 7.89; N, 13.06.
Example 143
8-(4-Benzhydryl-piperazin-1-yl)-8-oxo-heptanoic acid hydroxyamide
(PX117764)
[1178] The title compound was obtained from methyl
8-(4-benzhydryl-1-piperazinyl)-8-oxooctanoate (19d) by Method Q,
yield 32%. M.p. 126-129.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.14-1.30 (m, 4H); 1.34-1.54 (m, 4H); 1.91 (t, 2H,
J=7.3 Hz); 2.15-2.32 (m, 6H); 3.38-3.50 (m, 4H); 4.30 (s, 1H);
7.17-7.50 (m, 10H); 8.66 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on
Symmetry C.sub.8 column: impurities 3.3% (column size 3.9.times.150
mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5),
50:50; detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow
rate 1.3 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for C.sub.25H.sub.33N.sub.3O.sub.3,
%: C 70.89; H, 7.85; N, 9.92. Found, %: C, 70.81; H, 7.63; N,
10.11.
Example 144
8-[4-(2-Methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo-octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX117768)
[1179] The title compound was obtained from methyl
8-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19e) by
Method Q, yield 34%. M.p. 135-137.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.38 (m, 4H); 1.38-1.60 (m,
4H); 1.93 (t, 2H, J=7.3 Hz); 2.31 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz); 2.82-2.98 (m,
4H); 3.50-3.62 (m, 4H); 3.78 (s, 3H); 6.84-7.02 (m, 4H); 8.66 (s,
1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Symmetry C.sub.8 column:
impurities <1.0% (column size 3.9.times.150 mm; mobile phase
acetonitrile--0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 30:70; detector UV
220 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.1 mL/min).
Anal. Calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.29N.sub.3O.sub.4, %: C, 62.79; H,
8.04; N, 11.56. Found, %: C, 62.71; H, 8.07; N, 11.64.
Method R
General Synthesis of Hydroxamic Acids from Amidoesters
[1180] To a solution of amidoester 19f-w (1 mmol) in methanol (3-5
mL), a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.278 g, 4 mmol) in
methanol (3 mL) followed by a solution of NaOH (0.320 g, 8 mmol) in
water (1 mL) were added. After stirring for 15-45 minutes at
ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with brine
and extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.30 mL). The organic phase
was washed with brine, evaporated under reduced pressure by adding
benzene to remove traces of water several times, and dried in
vacuum. The crude product was crystallized or chromatographed on
silica gel to give the corresponding hydroxamic acid.
Example 145
8-[4-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118791)
[1181] The title compound was obtained from methyl ethyl
8-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19f) using
Method R. The crude product was crystallized from acetonitrile,
yield 65%. M.p. 131-132.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.37 (m, 4H); 1.40-1.60 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t,
J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.33 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.83-3.20 (m, 4H); 3.53-3.66
(m, 4H); 7.06 (dt, J=1.6 and 7.8 Hz, 1H); 7.15 (dd, J=1.4 and 8.2
Hz, 1H); 7.30 (dt, J=1.4 and 8.2 Hz, 1H); 7.43 (dd, J=1.6 and 7.8
Hz, 1H); 8.66 (s, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5
C.sub.18 column: impurities <1% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase 45% acetonitrile+55% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5);
detector UV 254 nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0
mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.18H.sub.26ClN.sub.3O.sub.3*0.4H.sub.2O, %: C, 57.64; H, 7.20;
N, 11.20. Found, %: C, 57.72; H, 7.03; N, 11.24.
Example 146
8-[4-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118792)
[1182] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
8-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19g) using
Method R. The crude product was crystallized from acetonitrile,
yield 56%. M.p. 122-124.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.19-1.38 (m, 4H); 1.40-1.61 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t,
J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.29 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.80-3.20 (m, 4H); 3.55-3.66
(m, 4H); 6.81 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H); 6.87-6.99 (m, 2H); 7.22 (t, J=7.8
Hz, 1H); 8.65 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on
Zorbax SB C.sub.15 column: impurities .about.2.5% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile-0.1M phosphate buffer
(pH 2.5), gradient from 30:70 to 100:0; detector UV 254 nm; sample
concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.18H.sub.26ClN.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C, 58.77; H, 7.12; N, 11.42.
Found, %: C, 58.41; H, 7.07; N, 11.44.
Example 147
7-[4-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-7-oxo heptanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118793)
[1183] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
7-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate (19h) using
Method R. The crude product was crystallized from acetonitrile,
yield 62%. M.p. 128-130.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.17-1.36 (m, 2H); 1.41-1.62 (m, 4H); 1.94 (t,
J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.33 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.80-3.20 (m, 4H); 3.54-3.67
(m, 4H); 7.06 (dt, J=1.6 and 7.8 Hz, 1H); 7.15 (dd, J=1.8 and 8.0
Hz, 1H); 7.30 (dt, J=1.8 and 8.0 Hz, 1H); 7.43 (dd, J=1.6 and 7.8
Hz, 1H); 8.67 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on
Omnispher 5 C.sub.18 column: impurities .about.1.8% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 40% acetonitrile+60% 0.1M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration to mg/ml;
flow rate 1.5 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.17H.sub.24ClN.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C, 57.70; H, 6.84; N, 11.88.
Found, %: C, 57.76; H, 6.87; N, 11.79.
Example 148
7-[4-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-7-oxo heptanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118794)
[1184] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
7-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate (191) using
Method R. The crude product was crystallized from acetonitrile,
yield 48%. M.p. 120.122.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.17-1.34 (m, 2H); 1.40-1.59 (m, 4H); 1.93 (1,
J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.32 (1, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 3.07-3.24 (m, 4H); 3.47-3.67
(m, 4H); 6.80 (dd, J=1.5 and 8.0 Hz, 1H); 6.86-6.98 (m, 2H); 7.22
(1, J=7.8 Hz, 1H); 8.65 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC
analysis on Zorbax SB C.sub.18 column: impurities .about.3% (column
size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile-0.1M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5), gradient from 30:70 to 100:0; detector UV 254 nm;
sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min). Anal. Calcd
for C.sub.17H.sub.24ClN.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C, 57.70; H, 6.84; N,
11.88. Found, %: C, 57.74; H, 6.86; N, 11.79.
Example 149
8-[4-(Naphthalene-2-carbonyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118830)
[1185] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
8-[4-(2-naphthoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19j) using Method
R. The crude product was crystallized from acetonitrile, yield 54%.
M.p. 133.5-134.5.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO),
.delta.: 1.20-1.60 (m, 5H); 1.92 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.20-2.40 (m,
2H); 3.28-3.76 (m, 8H); 7.50-7.66 (m, 3H); 7.94-8.10 (m, 4H); 8.66
(d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18
column: impurities 3% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
40% acetonitrile 4.60% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV
220 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.3 mL/min).
Anal. Calcd for C.sub.23H.sub.29N.sub.3O.sub.4, %: C, 67.13; H,
7.10; N, 10.21. Found, %: C, 66.90; H, 7.09; N, 10.23.
Example 150
8-(4-Benzoyl-piperazin-1-yl)-8-oxo octanoic acid hydroxyamide
(PX118831)
[1186] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
8-(4-benzoyl-1-piperazinyl)-8-oxooctanoate (19k) using Method R.
The crude product was crystallized from acetonitrile, yield 29%.
M.p. 100-101.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.18-1.36 (m, 4H); 1.38-1.58 (m, 4H); 1.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.30
(t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H); 3.49 (m, 8H); 7.38-7.50 (m, 5H); 8.66 (s, 1H);
10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima O.sub.18 column: impurities
2.5% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 20%
acetonitrile+80% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 254
nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.7 mL/min). Anal.
Calcd for C.sub.19R.sub.27N.sub.3O.sub.4*0.35H.sub.2O, %: C, 62.06;
H, 7.59; N, 11.43. Found, %: C, 62.03; H, 7.50; N, 11.33.
Example 151
8-[4-(4-Dimethylamino-benzoyl-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118832)
[1187] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
8-{4-[4-(dimethylamino)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate (19l)
using Method R. The crude product was crystallized from
acetonitrile, yield 74%. M.p. 90-92.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.30 (m, 4H); 1.40-1.60 (m,
4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.30 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.95 (s, 6H);
3.44-3.52 (m, 8H); 6.70 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H); 7.29 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H);
8.64 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Zorbax SB C.sub.18
column: impurities .about.10% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile
phase gradient 15 min 10% acetonitrile/90% 0.1M phosphate buffer
(pH 2.5)-100% 0.1M phosphate buffer; detector UV 254 nm; sample
concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0 ml/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.21H.sub.32N.sub.4O.sub.4*0.5H.sub.2O, C, 61.00; H, 8.04; N,
13.55. Found, %: C, 60.98; H, 7.85; N, 13.37.
Example 152
8-[4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118846)
[1188] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
8-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19m) using
Method R. The crude product was crystallized from acetonitrile,
yield 48%. M.p. 149-150.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR. (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.33 (m, 4H); 1.39-1.58 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t,
J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.32 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.88-3.03 (m, 4H); 3.52-3.61
(m, 4H); 3.68 (s, 3H); 6.83 (dt, J=9.6 and 2.8 Hz, 2H); 6.90 (dt,
J=9.6 and 2.8 Hz, 2H); 8.64 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis
on Alltima C.sub.18 column: impurities 1.5% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 25% acetonitrile+75% 0.1M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 0.5
mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.19H.sub.29N.sub.3O.sub.4, %: C, 62.79; H, 8.04; N, 11.56.
Found, %: C, 62.65; H, 8.09; N, 11.53.
Example 153
8-[4-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118847)
[1189] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
8-[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19n) using
Method R. The crude product was crystallized from acetonitrile,
yield 69%. M.p. 122-122.5.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.36 (m, 4H); 1.39-1.58 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t,
J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.32 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H); 3.03-3.17 (m, 4H); 3.50-3.63
(m, 4H); 3.71 (s, 3H); 6.39 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.0 Hz, 1H); 6.46 (t,
J=2.0 Hz, 1H); 6.52 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.0 Hz, 1H); 7.12 (t, J=8.0 Hz,
1H); 8.63 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H); 10.31 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on
Alltima C.sub.18 column: impurities 1% (column size 4.6.times.150
mm; mobile phase 25% acetonitrile+75% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH
2.5); detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate
1.5 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.26N.sub.3O.sub.4, %: C,
62.79; H, 8.04; N, 11.56. Found, %: C, 62.65; H, 8.06; N,
11.43.
Example 154
N-Hydroxy-8-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanamide
(PX118849)
[1190] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
8-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanoate (19o) using
Method R. The crude product was crystallized from acetonitrile,
yield 31%. M.p. 125-127.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6,
HMDSO), .delta.: 1.20-1.28 (m, 4H); 1.33-1.50 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t,
J=7.6 Hz, 2H); 2.33 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 3.40-3.70 (m, 8H); 7.00 (d,
J=9.0 Hz, 2H); 8.07 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H); 8.67 (s, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H).
HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18 column: impurities 2.5% (column
size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 40% acetonitrile 60% 0.1M
phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 215 nm; sample concentration
0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.18H.sub.26N.sub.4O.sub.6, %: C, 57.13; H, 6.93; N, 14.80.
Found, %: C, 57.06; H, 6.94; N, 14.72.
Example 155
N-Hydroxy-8-{4-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooct-
anamide (PX118927)
[1191] The title compound was obtained from methyl
8-{4-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate
(19p) using Method R. The crude product was chromatographed on
reverse phase Silasorb CL18 with methanol--0.1% H.sub.3PO.sub.4 as
eluent. The eluate was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in
ethyl acetate, the extract was washed with water, evaporated, and
dried. Yield 35%. Foam. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.13-1.32 (m, 4H); 1.34-1.55 (m, 4H); 1.91 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H);
2.17-2.31 (m, 2H); 3.24-3.57 (m, 8H, overlapped with a signal of
water); 3.73 (s, 3H); 3.75 (s, 2H); 6.71 (dd, J=8.8 and 2.4 Hz,
1H); 7.05 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H); 7.16 (br s, 1H); 7.22 (d, J=8.8 Hz,
1H); 8.67 (s, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H); 10.75 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on
Kromasil C.sub.18 column: impurities 5% (column size 4.6.times.150
mm; mobile phase 20% acetonitrile+80% 0.2M acetate buffer (pH 5.0);
detector UV 230 nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5
mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.23H.sub.32N.sub.4O.sub.5*0.25H.sub.2O, containing 4% of
inorganic impurities, %: C, 59.06; H, 7.00; N, 11.98. Found, %: C,
59.01; H, 7.02; N, 11.97.
Example 156
N-Hydroxy-8-{4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanamide
(PX118930)
[1192] The title compound was obtained from methyl
8-{4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate (19r)
using Method R. The crude product was precipitated from diethyl
ether, yield 35%. Foam. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.5, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.16-1.31 (m, 4H); 1.37-1.54 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.27
(t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.41-2.55 (m, 4H, overlapped with a signal of
DMSO); 2.79 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H); 3.39-3.49 (m, 4H); 4.21 (t, J=5.9
Hz, 2H); 7.16 (dd, J=8.8 and 2.4 Hz, 1H); 7.29-7.50 (m, 3H);
7.76-7.86 (m, 3H); 8.67 (s, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on
Alltima C.sub.18 column: impurities 1% (column size 4.6.times.150
mm; mobile phase 25% acetonitrile+75% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH
2.5); detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate
1.3 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.24H.sub.33N.sub.3O.sub.4*1.25H.sub.2O, %: C, 64.05; H, 7.95;
N, 9.34. Found, %: C, 64.17; H, 7.91; N, 9.28.
Example 157
N-Hydroxy-8-{4-[2-(1-naphthyloxy)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanamide
(PX118931)
[1193] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
8-{4-[2-(1-naphthyloxy)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate (19s)
using Method R. The crude product was precipitated from diethyl
ether, yield 34%. Foam. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.14-1.33 (m, 4H); 1.37-1.56 (m, 4H); 1.92 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H);
2.21-2.36 (m, 2H); 3.22-3.61 (m, 8H, overlapped with a signal of
H.sub.2O); 3.92 (s, 2H); 7.34-7.57 (m, 3H); 7.80-7.95 (m, 4H); 8.66
(s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18 column:
impurities 1% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 50%
acetonitrile+50% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 220
nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0 mL/min). Anal.
Calcd for C.sub.24H.sub.31N.sub.3O.sub.5, %: C, 65.29; H, 7.08; N,
9.52. Found, %: C, 65.15; H, 7.45; N, 9.40.
Example 158
N-Hydroxy-8-{4-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxoocta-
namide oxalate (PX118932)
[1194] The title compound was obtained from methyl
8-{4-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate
(19t) using Method R. The crude product (ca. 0.33 mmol) was
dissolved in abs. ethanol (1.5 mL) and a solution of oxalic acid
dihydrate (0.1 g, 0.79 mmol) in abs. ethanol (1 mL) was added. The
reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature,
the precipitate was filtered and washed with diethyl ether. The
product was crystallized from ethanol and dried, yield 70%. M.p.
122-125.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.17-1.35 (m, 4H); 1.39-1.57 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H); 2.32
(t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.93-3.17 (m, 8H); 3.56-3.72 (m, 4H); 3.77 (s,
3H); 6.73 (dd, J=8.8 and 2.2 Hz, 1H); 7.03 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H); 7.16
(d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H); 7.23 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 10.35 (s, 1H); 10.75 (s,
1H). HPLC analysis on Zorbax SB C.sub.18 column: impurities
.about.7% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 15 min
gradient: acetonitrile-0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); 30/70-10010;
detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5
mL/min), Anal. Calcd for C.sub.23H.sub.34N.sub.4O.sub.4*1.3
(COOH).sub.2, %: C, 56.15; H, 6.74; N, 10.23. Found, %: C, 56.00;
H, 6.86; N, 10.12.
Example 159
8-{4-[2-(1-Benzothiophen-3-yl)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-N-hydroxy-8-oxooctana-
mide (PX118967)
[1195] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
8-{4-[2-(1-benzothiophen-3-yl)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanoate
(19u) using Method R. The crude product was crystallized from
acetonitrile, yield 35%. M.p. 140-141.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.15-1.34 (m, 4H); 1.37-1.56 (m,
4H); 1.92 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.29 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 3.36-3.60 (m,
8H); 3.98 (s, 2H); 7.34-7.44 (m, 2H); 7.51 (s, 1H); 7.78-7.85 (m,
1H); 7.93-8.05 (m, 1H); 8.65 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis
on Omnispher 5 C.sub.18 column: impurities 1% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 50% acetonitrile+50% 0.1M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 215 nm; sample concentration 0.5
mg/ml; flow rate 1.3 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.22H.sub.29N.sub.3O.sub.4S, %: C, 61.23; H, 6.77; N, 9.74.
Found, .degree./0: C, 60.76; H, 6.71; N, 9.82.
Example 160
7-[4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-hydroxy-7-oxoheptanamide
(PX118989)
[1196] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
7-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate (19y)
using Method R. The crude product was crystallized from ethyl
acetate--methanol (9:1), yield 43%. M.p. 125-126.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.14-1.34 (m, 2H); 1.38-1.59
(m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.32 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 3.07-3.26
(m, 4H); 3.48-3.63 (m, 4H); 6.94 (dd, J=8.8 and 2.9 Hz, 1H); 7.14
(d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H); 7.40 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H); 8.67 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H);
10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5 C.sub.18 column:
impurities 1% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 40%
acetonitrile+60% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 215
nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.3 ml/min). Anal.
Calcd for C.sub.17H.sub.23Cl.sub.2N.sub.3O.sub.3, C, 52.59; H,
5.97; N, 10.82. Found, %: C, 52.50; H, 5.90; N, 10.75
Example 161
7-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-hydroxy-7-oxoheptanamide
(PX118990)
[1197] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate (19v) using
Method R. The crude product was crystallized from ethyl
acetate--methanol (9:1), yield 29%. M.p. 119-120.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.34 (m, 2H); 1.39-1.59
(m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.32 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.94-3.11
(m, 4H); 3.51-3.62 (m, 4H); 6.92-7.13 (m, 4H); 8.67 (s, 1H); 10.33
(s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18 column: impurities 2%
(column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 35% acetonitrile+65%
0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 254 nm; sample
concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.17H.sub.24FN.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C, 60.52; H, 7.17; N, 12.45.
Found, %: C, 60.42; H, 7.22; N, 12.32.
Example 162
7-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-hydroxy-7-oxoheptanamide
(PX118991)
[1198] The title compound was obtained from ethyl
7-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanoate (19w) using
Method R. The crude product was crystallized from ethyl
acetate--methanol (9:1), yield 21%. M.p. 119-121.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.19-1.34 (m, 2H); 1.39-1.59
(m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.33 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 3.01-3.18
(m, 4H); 3.50-3.64 (m, 4H); 6.95 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.24 (d, J=8.8
Hz, 2H); 8.67 (s, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5
C.sub.18 column: impurities 2.2% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase 35% acetonitrile+65% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5);
detector UV 215 nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.3
mL/min). Anal. Calcd for C.sub.17H.sub.24ClN.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C,
57.70; H, 6.84; N, 11.88. Found, %: C, 57.75; H, 6.84; N,
11.80.
Method S
General Synthesis of Hydroxamic Acids from O-benzyl
Hydroxamates
[1199] To a solution of O-benzylhydroxamate 22a-k (1 mmol) in
methanol (5-10 mL), 5% palladium on activated carbon catalyst
(0.050 g) was added and the black suspension was vigorously stirred
under hydrogen atmosphere until initial compound disappeared. The
reaction mixture was filtered through a small amount of silica gel
(ca. 1-2 cm thin layer), the sorbent was washed with methanol, and
the filtrate was evaporated in vacuum. The crude product was
crystallized or chromatographed on silica gel to give the
corresponding hydroxamic acid.
Example 163
8-[4-(4-Cyanobenzoyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118844)
[1200] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-8-[4-(4-cyanobenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-oxooctanamide
(22a), using Method 5, yield 74%. M.p. 150-150.5.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.38 (m, 4H); 1.40-1.60
(m, 4H); 1.92 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.22-2.40 (m, 2H); 3.20-3.70 (m,
overlapped with a signal of H.sub.2O); 7.61 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H); 7.94
(d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H); 8.64 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on
Omnispher 5 C.sub.18 column: impurities 2% (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 20% acetonitrile+80% 0.1M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 254 nm; sample concentration 0.5
mg/ml; flow rate 1.0 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.20H.sub.26N.sub.4O.sub.4*0.5H.sub.2O, C, 60.74; H, 6.88; N,
14.17. Found, %: C, 60.83; H, 6.82; N, 13.88.
Example 164
7-Oxo-7-(4-pyridin-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl]-heptanoic acid hydroxyamide
oxalate (PX118845)
[1201] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-7-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]heptanamide
(22b), using Method S. The crude product (ca. 0.33 mmol) was
dissolved in abs. ethanol (1.5 mL) and a solution of oxalic acid
dihydrate (0.1 g, 0.79 mmol) in abs. ethanol (1 mL) was added. The
reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature,
the precipitate was filtered and washed with diethyl ether. The
product was crystallized from ethanol and dried, yield 65%. M.p.
118-122.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.20-1.40 (m, 2H); 1.42-1.65 (m, 4H); 2.35 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.77
(t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 3.37-3.63 (m, 8H); 6.65 (dd, J=7.2 and 5.0 Hz,
1H); 6.83 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H); 7.55 (ddd, J=8.2, 7.2 and 1.8 Hz, 1H);
8.11 (dd, J=5.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H). HPLC analysis on Ultra Aqueous
C.sub.18 column: impurities 2.3% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase 5% acetonitrile+95% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5);
detector UV 215 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/mL; flow rate 1.5
mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.16H.sub.24N.sub.4O.sub.3*0.5C.sub.2H.sub.2O.sub.4*
0.5H.sub.2O, %: C, 54.53; H, 7.00; N, 14.96. Found, %: C, 54.43; H,
7.20; N, 14.84.
Example 165
8-(4-{2-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]acetyl}-1-piperazinyl)-N-hydroxy-8-oxooct-
anamide (PX118848)
[1202] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-8-(4-{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]acetyl}-1-piperazinyl)-8-o-
xooctanamide (22c), using Method S. The crude product was
precipitated from diethyl ether, yield 63%. M.p. 77-79.degree. C.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.8, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.34 (m, 4H);
1.36-1.56 (m, 4H); 1.92 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.27 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H);
2.85 (s 6H); 3.25-3.50 (m, 8H, overlapped with a signal of
H.sub.2O); 3.58 (s, 2H); 6.66 (d, J=8.2, 2H); 7.03 (d, J=8.2 Hz,
2H); 8.65 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18
column: impurities 4% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
15% acetonitrile+85% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV
215 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min).
Anal. Calcd for C.sub.22H.sub.34N.sub.4O.sub.4*0.5H.sub.2O, %: C,
61.80; H, 8.25; N, 13.10. Found, %: C, 61.90; H, 8.18; N,
13.11.
Example 166
N-Hydroxy-8-oxo-8-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]octanamide
(PX118850)
[1203] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-8-oxo-8-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]octanamide
(22d), using Method S. The crude product was crystallized from
methanol, yield 37%. M.p. 132-133.5.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.36 (m, 4H); 1.38-1.59 (m,
4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.33 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 3.46-3.58 (m,
4H); 3.62-3.80 (m, 4H); 6.65 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H); 8.37 (d, J=4.8 Hz,
2H); 8.65 (br s, 1H); 10.29 (br s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima
C.sub.18 column: impurities 1% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase 20% acetonitrile+80% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5);
detector UV 230 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5
mL/min). Anal. Calcd for C.sub.16H.sub.25N.sub.5O.sub.3, %: C,
57.30; H, 7.51; N, 20.88. Found, %: C, 57.23; H, 7.58; N,
20.80.
Example 167
8-{4-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-N-hydroxy-8-oxooctanamide
(PX118928)
[1204] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-8-(4-{3-[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl]propyl}-1-piperazinyl)-8-o-
xooctanamide (22e), using Method S. The crude product was
crystallized from acetonitrile, yield 45%. M.p. 103-105.degree. C.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.11-1.33 (m, 4H);
1.35-1.54 (m, 4H); 1.92 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.26 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H);
2.24-2.66 (m, 8H, partially overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.83
(s, 6H); 3.25-3.50 (m, 4H, partially overlapped with a signal of
water); 6.64 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H); 7.00 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H); 8.67 (s,
1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18 column:
impurities 1% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 8%
acetonitrile+92% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 215
nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.3 mL/min). Anal.
Calcd for C.sub.22H.sub.36N.sub.4O.sub.3, containing 1% of
inorganic impurities, %: C, 64.66; H, 8.88; N, 13.71. Found, %: C,
64.64; H, 8.94; N, 13.70.
Example 168
N-Hydroxy-8-{4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanamide
(PX118929)
[1205] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-8-{4-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)acetyl]-1-piperazinyl}-8-oxooctanami-
de (22f), using Method S. The crude product was crystallized from
acetonitrile, yield 45%. M.p. 139-140.5.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.17-1.35 (m, 4H); 1.37-1.56 (m,
4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.32 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 3.39-3.60 (m,
8H, overlapped with a signal of H.sub.2O); 4.97 (s, 2H); 7.17-7.51
(m, 4H); 7.37-7.89 (m, 3H); 8.67 (s, 1H); 10.34 (s, 1H). TLC:
single spot at R.sub.f 0.3 (ethyl acetate-methanol, 4:1;
detection--UV-254 nm). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.24H.sub.31N.sub.3O.sub.5, containing 1% of inorganic
impurities, %: C, 64.64; H, 7.01; N, 9.42. Found, %: C, 64.64; H,
6.96; N, 9.45.
Example 169
N-Hydroxy-7-{4-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]-1-piperazinyl}-7-oxoheptanamid-
e (PX118968)
[1206] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-7-{4-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]-1-piperazinyl}-7-oxchepta-
namide (22g), using Method S. The crude product was crystallized
from methanol--ethyl acetate (1:2), yield 40%. M.p.
152.5-153.5.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.:
1.13-1.33 (m, 2H); 1.36-1.57 (m, 4H); 1.92 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.27
(t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.67 (1, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H);
3.25-3.52 (m, 8H, overlapped with a signal of H.sub.2O); 6.96 (t,
J=7.3 Hz, 1H); 7.05 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H); 7.14 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H); 7.33
(d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H); 7.51 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H); 8.67 (s, 1H); 10.34 (s,
1H); 10.78 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18 column:
impurities 1% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 20%
acetonitrile+80% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 215
nm; sample concentration 0.25 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min). Anal.
Calcd for C.sub.22H.sub.30N.sub.4O.sub.4*0.5H.sub.2O*0.1 EtOAc, %:
C, 62.59; H, 7.42; N, 12.81. Found, %: C, 62.61; H, 7.35; N,
12.92.
Example 170
N-Hydroxy-7-[4-(1H-indol-3-ylcarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanamide
(PX118969)
[1207] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-7-[4-(1H-indol-3-ylcarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanamid-
e (22h), using Method S. The crude product was crystallized from
methanol--ethyl acetate (2:3), yield 52%. M.p. 86-88.degree. C.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.16-1.35 (m, 2H);
1.39-1.59 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.32 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H);
3.43-3.70 (m, 8H); 7.04-7.21 (m, 2H); 7.44 (dd, J=7.3 and 1.5 Hz,
1H); 7.66-7.75 (m, 2H); 8.67 (s, 1H); 10.34 (s, 1H); 11.62 (s, 1H).
HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5 C.sub.18 column: impurities 2% (column
size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 20% acetonitrile 80% 0.1M
phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 215 nm; sample concentration
0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.3 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.20H.sub.26N.sub.4O.sub.4*0.5H.sub.2O*0.2 CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2,
containing 2% of inorganic impurities, %: C, 58.18; H, 6.56; N,
13.30. Found, %: C, 58.12; H, 6.54; N, 13.33.
Example 171
N-Hydroxy-7-{4-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1-piperazinyl}-7-oxoheptanamide
(PX118970)
[1208] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-7-{4-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1-piperazinyl}-7-oxoheptanam-
ide (22i), using Method S. The crude product was crystallized from
methanol--ethyl acetate (2:3), yield 23%. M.p. 165-166.degree. C.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.11-1.32 (m, 2H);
1.35-1.57 (m, 4H); 1.79 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 1.92 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H);
2.18-2.41 (m, 10H); 2.68 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 3.42 (br s, 4H);
6.90-7.06 (m, 2H); 7.10 (s, 1H); 7.31 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H); 7.49 (d,
J=7.3 Hz, 1H); 8.66 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H); 10.74 (s, 1H). HPLC
analysis on .mu. Bondasphere Phenyl column: impurities 2.5% (column
size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 20% acetonitrile+80% 0.1 M
phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 210 nm; sample concentration
0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.22H.sub.32N.sub.4O.sub.3, C, 65.97; H, 8.05; N, 13.99. Found,
%: C, 65.85; H, 8.10; N, 13.97.
Example 172
N-Hydroxy-7-[4-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanamide
(PX118978)
[1209] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-7-[4-(1H-Indol-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanamide
(22j), using Method S. The crude product was crystallized from
methanol--ethyl acetate (2:3), yield 52%. M.p. 65-67.degree. C.
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.10-1.30 (m, 2H);
1.34-1.56 (m, 4H); 1.91 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.24 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H);
2.23-2.50 (m, 4H, overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 3.25-3.48 (m,
4H, overlapped with a signal of water); 3.65 (s, 2H); 6.97 (t,
J=7.3 Hz, 1H); 7.07 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H); 7.23 (s, 1H); 7.34 (d, J=7.3
Hz, 1H); 7.63 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H); 8.66 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H); 10.96
(s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Omnispher C.sub.18 column: impurities 2%
(column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 15% acetonitrile+85%
0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 210 nm; sample
concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.20H.sub.28N.sub.4O.sub.3* 0.4H.sub.2O*0.25 EtOAc, containing
4% of inorganic material, %: C, 60.49; H, 7.86; N, 13.44. Found, %:
C, 60.65; H, 7.43; N, 13.39.
Example 173
7-[4-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-hydroxy-7-oxoheptanamide
(PX118994)
[1210] The title compound was obtained from
N-(benzyloxy)-7-[4-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-7-oxoheptanamide
(22k), using Method S. The crude product was crystallized from
acetonitrile, yield 73%. M.p. 119.5-120.5.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO), .delta.: 1.18-1.34 (m, 2H); 1.39-1.59 (m,
4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.11 (s, 3H); 2.16 (s, 3H); 2.32 (t,
J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.93-3.09 (m, 4H); 3.49-3.61 (m, 4H); 6.66 (dd,
J=8.8 and 2.2 Hz, 1H); 6.76 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H); 6.97 (d, J=8.8 Hz,
1H); 8.67 (d, J=1.5 Hz 1H); 10.34 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima
C.sub.18 column: impurities <2% (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase 25% acetonitrile+75% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5);
detector UV 210 nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5
mL/min). Anal. Calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.29N.sub.3O.sub.3, C, 65.68;
H, 8.41; N, 12.09. Found, %: C, 65.65; H, 8.54; N, 12.09.
Example 174
8-[4-(3-Fluorophenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxooctanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118859)
[1211] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 149-150.5.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 1.19-1.37 (m, 4H); 1.39-1.58 (m,
4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H); 2.32 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.88-3.04 (m,
4H); 3.54-3.65 (m, 4H); 6.93-7.22 (m, 4H); 8.65 (br s, 1H); 10.32
(s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18: .about.1% impurities
(column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 35% acetonitrile+65%
0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 220 nm; sample
concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.18H.sub.26FN.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C, 61.52; H, 7.46; N, 11.96.
Found, %: C, 61.45; H, 7.48; N, 11.88
Example 175
8-Oxo-8-[4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118860)
[1212] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 126-128.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 1.16-1.37 (m, 4H); 1.38.1.59 (m,
4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.33 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 3.14.3.39 (m,
4H, overlapped with a signal of water); 3.52-3.65 (m, 4H); 7.09 (d,
J=7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.18 (s, IH); 7.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.43 (t, J=8.0
Hz, IH); 8.64 (s, IH); 10.32 (s, IH). HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5
C.sub.18: <1% impurities (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile
phase 40% acetonitrile+60% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector
UV 254 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5 mL/min).
Anal. Calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.26F.sub.6N.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C, 56.85;
H, 6.53; N, 10.47. Found, %: C, 56.62; H, 6.48; N, 10.40.
Example 176
8-{4-[Bis-(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-8-oxo octanoic
acid hydroxyamide (PX118898)
[1213] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. foam. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO)
.delta.: 1.16-1.35 (m, 4H); 1.38-1.58 (m, 4H); 1.91 (t, J=7.4 Hz,
2H); 2.15-2.30 (m, 6H); 3.52-3.65 (m, 4H, overlapped with a signal
of water); 4.39 (s, 1H); 7.13 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 4H); 7.44 (dd, J=8.6
and 5.6 Hz, 4H); 8.65 (br s, 1H); 10.31 (br s, IH). HPLC analysis
on Alltima C.sub.18: .about.3.5% impurities. (column size
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 70% acetonitrile+30% 0.1M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 1.0
mg/ml; flow rate 1.3 mL/min). Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.25H.sub.31F.sub.2N.sub.3O.sub.3*0.25H.sub.2O, %: C, 64.71; H,
6.84; N, 9.06. Found, %: C, 64.50; H, 6.81; N 8.90.
Example 177
8-(3-Methyl-4-m-tolyl-piperazin-1-yl)-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118899)
[1214] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 75-76.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 0.82 and 0.90 (d and d, J=6.6 Hz,
3H); 1.14-1.35 (m, 4H); 1.39-1.59 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H);
2.24 (s, 3H); 2.13-2.42 (m, 2H); 2.80-3.53 (m, 5H, partly
overlapped with a signal of H.sub.2O); 3.62-4.31 (m, 2H); 6.59 (d,
J=7.8 Hz, 1H); 6.69 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H); 6.72 (s, 1H); 7.09 (t, J=7.8
Hz, 1H); 8.65 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5
C.sub.18: .about.1.8% impurities (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase 30% acetonitrile+70% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5);
detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.2
mL/min). Anal. Calcd. for C.sub.20H.sub.31N.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C,
66.45; H, 8.64; N, 11.62. Found, %: C, 66.43; H, 8.67; N,
11.52.
Example 178
8-[4-(2-1H-Indol-3-yl-acetyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118900)
[1215] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. foam. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO)
.delta.: 1.10-1.31 (m, 4H); 1.34-1.56 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.2 Hz,
2H); 2.18-2.35 (m, 2H); 3.20-3.58 (m, 8H, overlapped with a signal
of H.sub.2O); 3.79 (s, 2H); 6.96 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H); 7.07 (t, J=7.0
Hz, 1H); 7.21 (s, 1H); 7.34 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H); 7.55 (d, J=7.8 Hz,
1H); 8.65 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, 1H); 10.93 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on
Alltima C.sub.18: .about.7.5% impurities (column size 4.6.times.150
mm; mobile phase 30% acetonitrile 70% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH
2.5); detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate
1.0 mL/min). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.22H.sub.30N.sub.4O.sub.4*0.1H.sub.2O*0.1EtOAc., containing 3%
of inorganic impurities, %: C, 61.39; H, 7.13; N, 12.78. Found, %:
C, 61.45; H, 7.08; N, 12.81.
Example 179
8-(4-Diphenylacetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118901)
[1216] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above, M.p. foam. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO)
.delta.: 1.14-1.30 (m, 4H); 1.34-1.54 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.2 Hz,
2H); 2.17-2.32 (m, 2H); 3.09-3.21 (m, 2H); 3.30-3.58 (m, 6H,
overlapped with a signal of H.sub.2O); 5.55 (s, 1H); 7.15-7.37 (m,
10H); 8.66 (s, 1H); 0.33 (s, H). HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5
C.sub.18: .about.2.2% impurities. (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase 60% acetonitrile+40% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5);
detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.2
mL/min.) Anal Calcd for C.sub.26H.sub.33N.sub.3O.sub.4*0.5 MeOH, %:
C, 68.07; H, 7.54; N, 8.99. Found, %: C, 68.04; H, 7.23; N,
8.99.
Example 180
8-[4-(2-Naphthalen-2-yl-acetyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118902)
[1217] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. foam. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO)
.delta.: 1.12-1.32 (m, 4H); 1.35-1.56 (m, 4H); 1.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz,
2H); 2.28 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H); 3.26-3.58 (m, 8H, overlapped with a
signal of H.sub.2O); 3.91 (s, 2H); 7.39 (dd, J=8.4 and 1.8 Hz, 1H);
7.45-7.54 (m, 2H); 7.73 (s, 1H); 7.79-7.92 (m, 3H); 8.67 (s, 1H);
10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18: .about.5%
impurities (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 40%
acetonitrile+60% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 220
nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.3 mL/min.) Anal.
Calcd. for C.sub.24H.sub.31N.sub.3O.sub.4*0.75H.sub.2O, %: C,
65.66; H, 7.46; N, 9.57. Found, %: C, 65.52; H, 7.40; N, 9.43.
Example 181
8-{4-[4-(1-Hydroxyimino-ethyl)-phenyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-8-oxo
octanoic acid hydroxyamide (PX118903)
[1218] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 147-147.5.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 1.18-1.35 (m, 4H); 1.37-1.57 (m,
4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.09 (s, 3H); 2.33 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H);
3.06-3.25 (m, 4H); 3.51-3.65 (m, 4H); 6.94 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.51
(d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 8.65 (s, 1H); 10.32 (s, IH); 10.86 (s, 1H). HPLC
analysis on Zorbax SB 5 C.sub.18: .about.5% of acetophenone
derivative (sample contains ca. 5% of the corresponding
methylketone
8-[4-(4-acetylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-hydroxy-8-oxooctanamide).
(column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile--0.1M
phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), gradient 15 min from 20:80 to 100:0;
detector UV 254 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.0
mL/min.) Anal. Calcd. for C.sub.20H.sub.30N.sub.4O.sub.4 containing
5% of the acetophenone C.sub.20H.sub.29N.sub.3O.sub.4, %: C, 61.63;
H, 7.75; N, 14.20. Found, %: C, 61.67; H, 7.76; N, 13.76.
Example 182
8-Oxo-8[4-(3-phenylallyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118904)
[1219] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. foam. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO)
.delta.: 1.14-1.32 (m, 4H); 1.36-1.55 (m, 4H); 1.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz,
2H); 2.19-2.45 (m, 6H); 3.10 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H); 3.27-3.51 (m, 4H,
overlapped with a signal of H.sub.2O); 6.29 (dt, J=6.60 and 16.2
Hz, IH); 6.54 (d, J=16.2 Hz, IH); 7.15-7.48 (m, 3H); 7.44 (d, J=6.6
Hz, 2H); 8.67 (br s, H); 10.33 (s, IH). HPLC analysis on Ailtima
C.sub.18: .about.5% impurities (column size 4.6.times.150 mm;
mobile phase 20% acetonitrile+80% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5);
detector UV 220 nm; sample concentration 1.0 mg/ml; flow rate 1.5
mL/min.) Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.21H.sub.31N.sub.3O.sub.3*0.5H.sub.2O, %: C, 65.94; H, 8.43;
N, 10.99. Found, %: C, 66.05; H, 8.28; N, 10.94.
Example 183
8-[4-(2-Naphthalen-2-yl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118908)
[1220] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 118-120.degree. C. 1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 1.16-1.34 (m, 4H); 1.36-1.56 (m,
4H); 1.92 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.27 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H); 2.34-2.55 (m,
4H, overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.63 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H); 2.92
(t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H); 3.28-3.52 (m, 4H, overlapped with a signal of
H.sub.2O); 7.37-7.53 (m, 3H); 7.73 (s, 1H); 7.77-7.91 (m, 3H); 8.67
(s, 1H); 10.33 (s, 1H). HPLC analysis on Omnispher 5 C.sub.18:
.about.1.5% impurities (column size 4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase
25% acetonitrile+75% 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV
220 nm; sample concentration 0.5 mg/ml; flow rate 1.2 mL/min.)
Anal. Calcd. for C.sub.24H.sub.33N.sub.3O.sub.3, C, 70.04; H, 8.08;
N, 10.21. Found, .degree. A): C, 69.31; H, 8.11; N, 10.20.
Example 184
8-[4-(2,2-Diphenyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-8-oxo octanoic acid
hydroxyamide (PX118909)
[1221] The title compound was obtained using methods analogous to
those described above. M.p. 117-118.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6, HMDSO) .delta.: 1.12-1.31 (m, 4H); 1.34-1.54 (m,
4H); 1.91 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.23 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.31-2.48 (m,
4H, overlapped with a signal of DMSO); 2.94 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H);
3.26-3.48 (m, 4H, overlapped with a signal of H.sub.2O); 4.26 (t,
J=7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.09-7.40 (m, 10H); 8.65 (s, 1H); 10.31 (s, 1H).
HPLC analysis on Alltima C.sub.18: <1% impurities. (column size:
4.6.times.150 mm; mobile phase 25% acetonitrile+75% 0.1 M phosphate
buffer (pH 2.5); detector UV 215 nm; sample concentration 1.0
mg/ml; flow rate 1.15 mL/min.) Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.26H.sub.35N.sub.3O.sub.3, %: C, 71.37; H, 8.06; N, 9.60.
Found, %: C, 71.01; H, 8.11; N, 9.59.
Biological Activity
[1222] Candidate compounds were assessed for their ability to
inhibit deacetylase activity (biochemical assays) and to inhibit
cell proliferation (cell-based antiproliferation assays), as
described below.
Primary Assay (1): Deacetylase Activity
[1223] Briefly, this assay relies on the release of radioactive
acetate from a radioactively labelled histone fragment by the
action of HDAC enzyme. Test compounds, which inhibit HDAC, reduce
the yield of radioactive acetate. Signal (e.g., scintillation
counts) measured in the presence and absence of a test compound
provide an indication of that compound's ability to inhibit HDAC
activity. Decreased activity indicates increased inhibition by the
test compound.
[1224] The histone fragment was an N-terminal sequence from histone
H4, and it was labelled with radioactively labelled acetyl groups
using tritiated acetylcoenzyme A (coA) in conjunction with an
enzyme which is the histone acetyltransferase domain of the
transcriptional coactivator p300. 0.33 mg of peptide H4 (the
N-terminal 20 amino acids of histone H4, synthesized using
conventional methods) were incubated with His6-tagged p300 histone
acetyltransferase domain (amino acids 1195-1673, expressed in E.
coli strain BLR(DE3)pLysS (Novagen, Cat. No. 69451-3) and 3H-acetyl
coA (10 .mu.L of 3.95 Ci/mmol; from Amersham) in a total volume of
300 .mu.L of HAT buffer (50 mM TrisCl pH 8, 5% glycerol, 50 mM KCl,
0.1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 1 mM dithiothreitol
(DTT) and 1 mM 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonylfluoride (AEBSF)).
The mixture was incubated at 30.degree. C. for 45 min after which
the His-p300 was removed using nickel-trinitriloacetic acid agarose
(Qiagen, Cat No. 30210). The acetylated peptide was then separated
from free acetyl coA by size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex
G-15 (Sigma G-15-120), using distilled H.sub.2O as the mobile
phase.
[1225] After purification of the radiolabelled histone fragment, it
was incubated with a source of HDAC (e.g., an extract of HeLa cells
(a rich source of HDAC), recombinantly produced HDAC1 or HDAC2) and
any released acetate was extracted into an organic phase and
quantitatively determined using scintillation counting. By
including a test compound with the source of HDAC, that compound's
ability to inhibit the HDAC was determined.
Primary Assay (2): Deacetylase Activity: Fluorescent Assay
[1226] Alternatively, the activity of the compounds as HDAC
inhibitors was determined using a commercially available
fluorescent assay kit: (Fluor de Lys.TM., BioMol Research Labs,
Inc., Plymouth Meeting, USA). HeLa extract was incubated for 1 hour
at 37.degree. C. in assay buffer (25 mM HEPES, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM
KCl, 1 mM MgCl.sub.2, pH 8.0) with 15 .mu.M acetylated substrate in
the presence of test compound (HDAC inhibitor). The extent of
deacetylation was determined by the addition of 50 .mu.L of a
1-in-500 dilution of Developer, and measurement of the fluorescence
(excitation 355 nm, emission 460 nm), according to the instructions
provided with the kit.
[1227] Extensive comparative studies have shown that Primary Assay
(1) and Primary Assay (2), discussed above, yield equivalent
results. Primary Assay results reported herein are (a) exclusively
from (1); (b) exclusively from (2); or (c) from both (1) and
(2).
HeLa Cell Extract
[1228] The HeLa cell extract was made from HeLa cells (ATCC Ref.
No. CCL-2) by freeze-thawing three times in 60 mM TrisCl pH 8.0,
450 mM NaCl, 30% glycerol. Two cell volumes of extraction buffer
were used, and particulate material was centrifuged out (20800 g,
4.degree. C., 10 min). The supernatant extract having deacetylase
activity was aliquotted and frozen for storage.
Recombinantly Produced HDAC1 and HDAC2
[1229] Recombinant plasmids were prepared as follows.
[1230] Full length human HDAC1 was cloned by FOR using a
.lamda.gt11 Jurkat cDNA library (Clontech-HL5012b). The amplified
fragment was inserted into the EcoRI-SalI sites of pFlag-CTC vector
(Sigma-E5394), in frame with the Flag tag. A second PCR was carried
out in order to amplify a fragment containing the HDAC1 sequence
fused to the Flag tag. The resulting fragment was subcloned into
the EcoRI-Sac1 sites of the baculovirus transfer vector pAcHTL-C
(Pharmingen-21466P).
[1231] Full length mouse HDAC2 was subcloned into pAcHLT-A
baculovirus transfer vector (Pharmingen-21464P) by PCR
amplification of the EcoRI-Sac1 fragment from a HDAC2-pFlag-CTC
construct.
[1232] Recombinant protein expression and purification was
performed as follows.
[1233] HDAC1 and HDAC2 recombinant baculoviruses were constructed
using BaculoGold Transfection Kit (Pharmingen-554740). Transfer
vectors were co-transfected into SF9 insect cells
(Pharmingen-21300C). Amplification of recombinant viruses was
performed according to the Pharmingen Instruction Manual. SF9 cells
were maintained in serum-free SF900 medium (Gibco 10902-096).
[1234] For protein production, 2.times.10.sup.7 cells were infected
with the appropriate recombinant virus for 3 days. Cells were then
harvested and spun at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes. They were then
washed twice in PBS and resuspended in 2 pellet volumes of lysis
buffer (25 mM HEPES pH 7.9, 0.1 mM EDTA, 400 mM KCl, 10% glycerol,
0.1% NP-40, 1 mM AEBSF). Resuspended cells were frozen on dry ice
and thawed at 37.degree. C. 3 times and centrifuged for 10 minutes
at 14,000 rpm. The supernatant was collected and incubated with 300
.mu.l of 50% Ni-NTA agarose bead slurry (Qiagen-30210). Incubation
was carried out at 4.degree. C. for 1 hour on a rotating wheel. The
slurry was then centrifuged at 500 g for 5 minutes. Beads were
washed twice in 1 ml of wash buffer (25 mM HEPES pH7.9, 0.1 mM
EDTA, 150 mM KCl, 10% glycerol, 0.1% NP-40, 1 mM AEBSF). Protein
was eluted 3 times in 300 .mu.l elution buffer (25 mM HEPES pH 7.9,
0.1 mM EDTA, 250 mM KCl, 10% glycerol, 0.1% NP-40, 1 mM AEBSF)
containing increasing concentrations of imidazole: 0.2 M, 0.5 M and
1 M. Each elution was performed for 5 minutes at room temperature.
Eluted protein was kept in 50% glycerol at -70.degree. C.
Assay Method
[1235] A source of HDAC (e.g., 2 .mu.L of crude HeLa extract, 5
.mu.L of HDAC1 or HDAC2; in elution buffer, as above) was incubated
with 3 .mu.L of radioactively labelled peptide along with
appropriate dilutions of candidate compounds (1.5 .mu.L) in a total
volume of 150 .mu.L of buffer (20 mM Tris pH 7.4, 10% glycerol).
The reaction was carried out at 37.degree. C. for one hour, after
which the reaction was stopped by adding 20 .mu.L of 1 M HCl/0.4 M
sodium acetate. Then, 750 .mu.L of ethyl acetate was added, the
samples vertexed and, after centrifugation (14000 rpm, 5 min), 600
.mu.L from the upper phase were transferred to a vial containing 3
mL of scintillation liquid (UltimaGold, Packard, Cat. No. 6013329).
Radioactivity was measured using a Tri-Carb 2100TR Liquid
Scintillation Analyzer (Packard).
[1236] Percent activity (% activity) for each test compound was
calculated as:
% activity={(S.sup.c-B)/(S.degree.-B)}.times.100
wherein S.sup.C denotes signal measured in the presence of enzyme
and the compound being tested, S.degree. denotes signal measured in
the presence of enzyme but in the absence of the compound being
tested, and B denotes the background signal measured in the absence
of both enzyme and compound being tested. The IC50 corresponds to
the concentration which achieves 50% activity.
[1237] IC50 data for several compounds of the present invention, as
determined using this assay, are also shown in Table 1, below.
[1238] Measurement of cell viability in the presence of increasing
concentration of test compound at different time points is used to
assess both cytotoxicity and the effect of the compound on cell
proliferation.
Secondary Assay: Cell Proliferation
[1239] Compounds with HDAC inhibition activity, as determined using
the primary assay, were subsequently evaluated using secondary
cell-based assays. The following cell lines were used:
[1240] HeLa--Human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (ATCC ref. No.
CCL-2).
[1241] K11--HPV E7 transformed human keratinocyte line provided by
Pidder Jansen-Duerr, institut fur Biomedizinische Alternsforschung,
Innsbruck, Austria.
[1242] NHEK-Ad--Primary human adult keratinocyte line (Cambrex
Corp., East Rutherford, N.J., USA).
[1243] JURKAT--Human T-cell line (ATCC no. TIB-152).
Assay Method
[1244] Cells were cultured, exposed to candidate compounds, and
incubated for a time, and the number of viable cells was then
assessed using the Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1 from Boehringer
Mannheim (Cat. No. 1 644 807), described below.
[1245] Cells were plated in 96-well plates at 3-10.times.10.sup.3
cells/well in 100 .mu.L of culture medium. The following day,
different concentrations of candidate compounds were added and the
cells incubated at 37.degree. C. for 48 h. Subsequently, 10
.mu.L/well of WST-1 reagent was added and the cells reincubated for
1 hour. After the incubation time, absorbance was measured.
[1246] WST-1 is a tetrazolium salt which is cleaved to formazan dye
by cellular enzymes. An expansion in the number of viable cells
results in an increase in the overall activity of mitochondrial
dehydrogenases in the sample. This augmentation in the enzyme
activity leads to an increase in the amount of formazan dye formed,
which directly correlates to the number of metabolically active
cells in the culture. The formazan dye produced is quantified by a
scanning multiwell spectrophotometer by measuring the absorbance of
the dye solution at 450 nm wavelength (reference wavelength 690
nm).
[1247] Percent activity (% activity) in reducing the number of
viable cells was calculated for each test compound as:
% activity={(S.sup.c-B)/(S.degree.-B)}.times.100
wherein S.sup.C denotes signal measured in the presence of the
compound being tested, S.degree. denotes signal measured in the
absence of the compound being tested, and B denotes the background
signal measured in blank wells containing medium only. The IC50
corresponds to the concentration which achieves 50% activity. IC50
values were calculated using the software package Prism 3.0
(GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, Calif.), setting top value at
100 and bottom value at 0.
[1248] IC50 data for several compounds of the present invention, as
determined using this assay, are also shown in Table 2, below.
[1249] Measurement of cell viability in the presence of increasing
concentration of test compound at different time points is used to
assess both cytotoxicity and the effect of the compound on cell
proliferation.
Screening in Mice with Intraperitoneal P388 Tumour
[1250] Female B6D2F1 hybrid mice weighing 19-23 grams were
inoculated with the tumour cell line P388 (10.sup.6 cells in 0.2
mL) intraperitoneally (IP), Inoculation of tumour cells was
performed on a Friday and treatment with compounds at a dose of 64
.mu.mol/kg/day started on Day 3 (Monday). The compounds were given
as a single daily 1P dose for five consecutive days. Compounds were
dissolved in DMSO, at a concentration corresponding to 50 .mu.L
injection volume per treatment. Treatments were given at the same
hour of the day (within one hour). Five mice in each group were
treated with compounds, and with each series of experiments,
control groups (not treated, and DMSO-treated) were included.
Moribund mice were euthanised, and the day of death was recorded.
Log-rank analysis of the survival data was performed using the
statistical software SAS v8.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, N.C., USA).
Biological Data
[1251] IC50 (or percent activity) data for several compounds of the
present invention, as determined using the assays described above
are summarised in Table 1 and Table 2, below.
[1252] The results of in vivo studies of mice with intraperitoneal
P388 tumour for several compounds of the present invention, using
the methods described above, are summarised in Table 3.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Biochemical Assay Data HDAC Inhibition
Compound (IC50 unless otherwise specified) No. Ref. HeLa HDAC1
HDAC2 1 TSA 5 nM 15 nM 17 nM 2 SAHA 189 nM -- -- 3 PX117403 28% @
500 nM -- -- 4 PX117404 35% @ 500 nM -- -- 5 PX117764 785 nM -- --
6 PX117768 175 nM -- -- 7 PX118490 59% @ 100 nM -- -- 8 PX118491
47% @ 100 nM -- -- 9 PX118807 60% @ 100 nM -- -- 10 PX118810 46 nM
-- -- 11 PX118811 42 nM -- -- 12 PX118812 26 nM -- -- 13 PX118791
36 nM -- -- 14 PX118792 34 nM -- -- 15 PX118793 188 nM -- -- 16
PX118794 74 nM -- -- 17 PX118830 133 nM -- -- 18 PX118831 194 nM --
-- 19 PX118832 212 nM -- -- 20 PX118844 286 nM -- -- 21 PX118846
3.4 nM -- -- 22 PX118847 31 nM -- -- 23 PX118848 44% @ 100 nM -- --
24 PX118849 26 nM -- -- 25 PX118850 70 nM -- --
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Cell-Based Antiproliferation Assay Data Cell
Proliferation Inhibition WST-1 Compound (IC50 unless otherwise
specified) No. Ref. HeLa K11 NHEK-AD Jurkat TSA 350 nM 0.38 .mu.M
0.2 .mu.M 42 nM Oxamflatin -- 4.82 .mu.M 3.53 .mu.M 170 nM MS-275
-- 9.16 .mu.M 3.1 .mu.M 365 nM SAHA -- 6.82 .mu.M 5.37 .mu.M 750 nM
1 PX117403 -- -- -- -- 2 PX117404 -- -- -- -- 3 PX117764 29.2 .mu.M
9.45 .mu.M -- 2.68 .mu.M 4 PX117768 3.30 .mu.M 8.67 .mu.M -- 1.04
.mu.M 5 PX118490 1.00 .mu.M 2.49 .mu.M -- 460 nM 6 PX118491 18
.mu.M 8.24 .mu.M -- 3.21 .mu.M
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 In Vivo Studies of Mice with Intraperitoneal
P388 Tumour Compound Log rank statistic Wilcoxon statistic No. of
mice -- 6.8173 1556.0 25 DMSO 6.4056 1290.0 20 PX118490 -3.3797
-654.0 5 PX118807 -4.6177 -750.0 5 PX118871 -3.4210 -605.0 5
PX118875 -3.0949 -525.0 5 PX118882 -4.9869 -613.0 5 PX118893
-3.5651 -725.0 5 PX118905 -4.0610 -565.0 5 PX118907 -4.1247 -817.0
5 PX118910 -9.6221 -869.0 5
[1253] The foregoing has described the principles, preferred
embodiments, and modes of operation of the present invention.
However, the invention should not be construed as limited to the
particular embodiments discussed. Instead, the above-described
embodiments should be regarded as illustrative rather than
restrictive, and it should be appreciated that variations may be
made in those embodiments by workers skilled in the art without
departing from the scope of the present invention as set out in the
appended claims.
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