U.S. patent application number 13/188619 was filed with the patent office on 2011-11-10 for articles of apparel providing enhanced body position feedback.
This patent application is currently assigned to NIKE, Inc.. Invention is credited to Kenneth Todd CRAIG, Steven P. WRIGHT.
Application Number | 20110271423 13/188619 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39615765 |
Filed Date | 2011-11-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110271423 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
WRIGHT; Steven P. ; et
al. |
November 10, 2011 |
Articles of Apparel Providing Enhanced Body Position Feedback
Abstract
Articles of apparel include: (a) a garment structure having one
or more fabric elements structured and arranged to provide a close
fit to at least one predetermined portion of a body (e.g., area(s)
of the body for which enhanced position sensing and/or feedback are
desired, such as the lower back, the arch of the foot, etc.); and
(b) a body position feedback system engaged with or integrally
formed as part of the garment structure. The body position feedback
system may apply higher tensile or constricting forces to selected
portions of the wearer's body, which can help stimulate or interact
with nerves and deep tissue receptors located in various portions
of the body. The increased forces at selected locations of the body
give the wearer sensory feedback regarding the position or
orientation of these parts of the body and can improve or
accelerate development of "muscle memory."
Inventors: |
WRIGHT; Steven P.;
(Beaverton, OR) ; CRAIG; Kenneth Todd; (Beaverton,
OR) |
Assignee: |
NIKE, Inc.
Beaverton
OR
|
Family ID: |
39615765 |
Appl. No.: |
13/188619 |
Filed: |
July 22, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11756328 |
May 31, 2007 |
7996924 |
|
|
13188619 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
2/239 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A41D 13/0015 20130101;
A41D 2400/38 20130101; A41D 31/18 20190201; A41D 2500/10 20130101;
A41D 2300/22 20130101; A41D 2600/10 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
2/239 |
International
Class: |
A43B 17/00 20060101
A43B017/00 |
Claims
1. An article of apparel, comprising: a garment structure for a
human foot, wherein the garment structure includes one or more
fabric elements, and wherein the garment structure is structured
and arranged so as to provide a close fit to and completely contain
an arch portion of the foot; and a foot position feedback system
integrally formed in the garment structure at the arch portion,
wherein the foot position feedback system includes a first region
that extends across the arch portion from a medial side of the
garment structure, across a footbed portion of the garment
structure, and to a lateral side of the garment structure, wherein
the first region has a higher modulus of elasticity than a modulus
of elasticity making up a largest proportion of the garment
structure.
2. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein a main
portion of the first region extends continuously from the medial
side to the lateral side of the garment structure.
3. An article of apparel according to claim 2, wherein at least a
majority of an instep portion of the garment structure does not
include the foot position feedback system.
4. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the foot
position feedback system includes a second region having a higher
modulus of elasticity than the modulus of elasticity making up the
largest proportion of the garment structure.
5. An article of apparel according to claim 4, wherein the second
region and the first region are contiguous.
6. An article of apparel according to claim 4, wherein the second
region extends along a medial ankle or heel portion of the garment
structure.
7. An article of apparel according to claim 4, wherein the second
region extends along a lateral ankle or heel portion of the garment
structure.
8. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the foot
position feedback system includes: a second region having a higher
modulus of elasticity than the modulus of elasticity making up the
largest proportion of the garment structure, wherein the second
region extends along a medial ankle or heel portion of the garment
structure, and a third region having a higher modulus of elasticity
than the modulus of elasticity making up the largest proportion of
the garment structure, wherein the third region extends along a
lateral ankle or heel portion of the garment structure.
9. An article of apparel according to claim 8, wherein the second
region and the first region are contiguous, and wherein the third
region and the first region are contiguous.
10. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the foot
position feedback system includes a second region that extends
across the arch portion from the medial side of the garment
structure, across the footbed portion, and to the lateral side of
the garment structure, wherein the second region has a higher
modulus of elasticity than the modulus of elasticity making up the
largest proportion of the garment structure.
11. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the second
region has a higher modulus of elasticity than the first
region.
12. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the second
region is at least substantially surrounded by the first
region.
13. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the second
region is completely surrounded by the first region.
14. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the second
region is completely and immediately surrounded by the first
region.
15. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the foot
position feedback system includes a second region having a higher
modulus of elasticity than the modulus of elasticity making up the
largest proportion of the garment structure, wherein the second
region is spaced from the first region.
16. An article of apparel according to claim 15, wherein the second
region extends along an instep portion of the garment
structure.
17. An article of apparel according to claim 16, wherein the second
region extends along the instep portion in a diagonal manner.
18. An article of apparel according to claim 16, wherein the second
region extends across the instep portion from a lateral toe area to
a medial heel or medial ankle area of the garment structure.
19. An article of apparel according to claim 15, wherein the second
region extends along a medial heel or medial ankle area of the
garment structure.
20. An article of apparel according to claim 15, wherein the second
region extends beneath a medial heel area to a footbed portion of
the garment structure.
21. An article of apparel according to claim 15, wherein a first
branch of the second region extends beneath a medial heel area to a
footbed portion of the garment structure and a second branch of the
second region extends along the medial heel or ankle area to a rear
heel portion of the garment structure.
22. An article of apparel according to claim 15, wherein the second
region extends along the medial heel or ankle area to a rear heel
portion of the garment structure.
23. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the first
region has a different structure from a structure making up the
largest proportion of the garment structure to thereby provide the
higher modulus of elasticity, wherein the structure of the first
region is different from the structure making up the largest
proportion of the garment structure in one or more of the following
ways: a different stitching or knitting pattern in the fabric
element of the first region as compared to a stitching or knitting
pattern making up the largest proportion of the garment structure;
a different material in the fabric element of the first region as
compared to a material making up the largest proportion of the
garment structure; and a different texturing in the fabric element
of the first region as compared to a texturing making up the
largest proportion of the garment structure.
24. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the first
region has a different stitching or knitting pattern as compared to
a stitching or knitting pattern making up the largest proportion of
the garment structure, to thereby provide the higher modulus of
elasticity.
25. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the first
region has a different material as compared to a material making up
the largest proportion of the garment structure, to thereby provide
the higher modulus of elasticity.
26. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the first
region has a different texturing as compared to a texturing making
up the largest proportion of the garment structure, to thereby
provide the higher modulus of elasticity.
27. An article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the first
region has a different structure as compared a structure making up
the largest proportion of the garment structure, to thereby provide
the higher modulus of elasticity.
28. An article of apparel, comprising: a garment structure for a
human foot, wherein the garment structure includes one or more
fabric elements, and wherein the garment structure is structured
and arranged so as to provide a close fit to and completely contain
an arch portion of the foot; and a foot position feedback system
engaged with the garment structure at the arch portion, wherein the
foot position feedback system includes a first region that extends
across the arch portion from a medial side of the garment
structure, across a footbed portion of the garment structure, and
to a lateral side of the garment structure, wherein the first
region has a higher modulus of elasticity than a modulus of
elasticity making up a largest proportion of the garment structure.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION DATA
[0001] This application is a continuation application of co-pending
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/756,328 filed May 31, 2007, the
entire subject matter of which is incorporated herein by
reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to articles of apparel that
provide enhanced body position sensory information to the wearer.
Structures for providing the enhanced body position information to
the wearer may be separate elements engaged with an article of
apparel or integrally formed as part of the fabric of the apparel
structure.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Many athletic activities require the participants to perform
the same or similar activities a repeated number of times, both in
practice and during competitive events. For example, golfers
repeatedly swing golf clubs over the course of a round or a
practice session; baseball, softball, or cricket players repeatedly
swing a bat or throw a ball over the course of a game or practice;
yoga enthusiasts, gymnasts, and dancers repeatedly perform similar
routines; basketball players repeatedly shoot free throws and other
types of shots; football players repeatedly run, throw, kick,
block, rush, run, etc.; sailors, kayakers, canoers, crew team
members, or other "boat" based athletes repeatedly perform rowing
or other motions; runners have repeated and cyclic arm and leg
motions; etc.
[0004] Correct body positioning and/or motion during various
portions of athletic performances can help the athlete in a variety
of ways. For example, proper body positioning and/or posture during
an activity can help the athlete apply or exert a force more
efficiently and/or in a better direction with respect to another
object; avoid injury due to awkward positioning or landing; prevent
muscle soreness; perform a more aesthetically pleasing or sound
routine etc. Trainers and coaches spend a great deal of time
helping athletes develop proper body positioning and working on
their "form," in order to enhance the athletic performance and to
build a repeatable and reliable action.
[0005] Working under the watchful eye of a coach or trainer can
greatly improve an athlete's form or body positioning, which can
result in improved athletic performances. For most people, however,
a coach or trainer is not always available, and there often is no
great way for the athlete, on his or her own, to check their body
positioning and form because many areas of the athlete's body are
not visible to him or her during the practice or performance. Human
beings cannot readily "feel" the locations of various parts of
their body in normal body posture or positions and/or during
typical motions (e.g., a human typically cannot "feel" the position
of his or her lower back or a position of the foot arch during
stances or certain motions). Therefore, an athlete can easily adopt
poor posture, body positioning, and/or other form degrading habits
over time in a manner that deleteriously affects his/her
performance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The following presents a general summary of aspects of the
present invention in order to provide a basic understanding of the
invention and various example features of it. This summary is not
intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way, but it
simply provides a general overview and context for the more
detailed description that follows.
[0007] Aspects of this invention relate to garment structures that
provide improved sensory feedback to the wearer to better help the
wearer understand or "feel" the position of various parts of the
body (optionally without overly restricting the wearer's body or
forming a motion or movement inhibiting brace structure). Articles
of apparel in accordance with some examples of this invention may
include: (a) a garment structure having one or more fabric
elements, wherein the garment structure is structured and arranged
so as to provide a close fit to at least one predetermined portion
of a human body (e.g., a close fit (and optionally an at least
partially wrapped around fit) to at least one or more areas of the
body for which enhanced position sensing and/or positional feedback
are desired); and (b) a body position feedback system engaged with
or integrally formed as part of the garment structure (at least at
the desired area or areas where enhanced position sensing and/or
positional feedback are desired). The body position feedback system
may provide and apply higher compressive forces to selected
portions of the wearer's body, which can help stimulate or interact
with nerves, deep tissue receptors, joint mechanorecptors, etc.
located in various portions of the human body, to better give the
wearer sensory response in those areas and feedback as to the
position of the selected parts of the body. Materials having a
higher modules of elasticity may be used in the body position
feedback system to produce the higher compressive forces (and
resist tensile stretching of the body position feedback
system).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] The present invention is illustrated by way of example and
not limited in the accompanying figures, in which like reference
numerals indicate the same or similar elements throughout, and in
which:
[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates an athlete making a golf swing and
various zones of the body for which positioning and/or motion can
be important during this activity;
[0010] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate an example garment structure
including a lower back position feedback system according to one
example of this invention;
[0011] FIGS. 3A through 3F illustrate example methods of making a
body position feedback system according to one example of this
invention;
[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates cross sectional views of example body
position feedback systems according to some examples of this
invention;
[0013] FIGS. 5A through 10 illustrate various examples of different
garment structures and/or lower back position feedback systems in
accordance with this invention;
[0014] FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate an example garment structure
including a foot position feedback system according to one example
of this invention;
[0015] FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate example garment structures having
integrally formed body position feedback systems;
[0016] FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate another example garment
structure including a foot position feedback system according to
examples of this invention; and
[0017] FIG. 15 illustrates another example garment structure
according to this invention that includes texturing as part of the
body position feedback system.
[0018] The reader is advised that the various parts shown in these
drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The following description and the accompanying figures
disclose features of body position feedback systems and articles of
apparel in accordance with examples of the present invention.
I. General Description of Body Position Feedback Systems and
Methods in Accordance with this Invention
[0020] As described above, humans cannot readily "feel" the
locations of various parts of their body in normal body posture or
positions and/or during typical motions or activities. For example,
a human's back, and particularly the lower back, has a relatively
sparse "touch sensing" neural population. The human body core, its
positioning, and its motion (including the back), however, are very
important for many athletic activities. For example, the body core
is a center point of rotation and power generation in a golf swing.
Moreover, being able to repeatedly place the body in the proper
posture and correctly position the body at the beginning of and
over the course of the swing are critical to developing a
consistent and repeatable swing (and thereby improving one's golf
game).
[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates a golfer 100 in mid-swing. Body
positioning at the beginning of the swing (e.g., posture at the
address position) and over the course of a swing can be very
important to the results achieved. FIG. 1 illustrates various zones
or areas of the human body, the positions of which during at least
some time during the swing can be important to the results
achieved. For a golf swing, these important zones include: the
hands 102; feet and ankles 104; the calves 106; the knees 108; the
arms 110; shoulders 112; the sacrum (lower back) and core 114; and
the hips 116. Assistance in properly positioning one or more of
these zones at various times during the golf swing (e.g., posture
at address, other times over the course of a swing, etc.) can
greatly assist in helping athletes repeatedly place the body in the
proper posture and correctly position the body over the course of
the swing.
[0022] Aspects of this invention relate to garments that help make
wearers more aware of the positioning of various selected parts of
the body, e.g., due to enhanced stimulation of nerves, joint
mechanorecptors, and/or deep tissue receptors at the selected parts
of the body. Garments can be designed to closely fit (and
optionally at least partially wrap around) one or more of the
various areas or zones described above in conjunction with FIG. 1.
Additionally, such garments can include body position feedback
enhancing structures or regions, e.g., that apply a compressive
force along or around various parts of the body (and resist tensile
elongation), to enhance somatosensory feedback relating to the
position of various parts of the body adjacent the enhanced
feedback area of the garment and enhance user "awareness" of the
position of these various parts of the body. Such improved
"awareness" can help athletes better position themselves, develop
"muscle memory," and maintain better positioning over time.
[0023] As mentioned above, aspects of this invention relate to body
position feedback systems that may be used with or integrated into
articles of apparel, such as upper and/or lower torso clothing
(e.g., shirts, blouses, tank tops, leotards, leggings, form fitting
garments, pants, shorts, skirts, undergarments, etc.); socks or
other garments that at least partially contain a human foot or leg;
gloves or other garments that at least partially cover or contain
at least a portion of a human hand or arm; etc. Special garments
may be provided to at least partially contain or fit over or
against the desired part of the body, such as a sleeve or wrap for
insertion of a leg or arm, garments or wraps to contain or cover
any of the areas illustrated in FIG. 1, etc.
[0024] A. Feedback Systems Attached to Clothing Structures
[0025] First, garment structures having separately engaged body
position feedback systems will be described in more detail.
[0026] 1. Example Body Position Feedback Systems for Engagement
with Articles of Apparel
[0027] Body position feedback systems in accordance with at least
some examples of this invention may help stimulate or interact with
nerves, joint mechanorecptors, and/or deep tissue receptors located
in various portions of the human body, to better give the wearer
feedback as to the position or orientation of various parts of the
body. Such body position feedback systems may include: (a) a first
material layer having a first modulus of elasticity, wherein the
first material layer is made from a textile or polymer material and
includes a first opening defined therein; and (b) a second material
layer engaged with the first material layer and at least partially
covering the first opening, wherein the second material layer is
made from a fabric or polymer material, and wherein the second
material layer has a second modulus of elasticity that is lower
than the first modulus of elasticity. Optionally, if desired, body
position feedback structures in accordance with at least some
examples of this invention further may include a third material
layer, wherein a first surface of the third material layer is
engaged with at least one of the first material layer or the second
material layer, and wherein the second material layer is sandwiched
between the first material layer and the third material layer. This
third material layer, when present, may include a surface having
materials suitable to assist in engaging the third material layer
with a garment structure. More specific examples and features of
example body position feedback systems in accordance with this
invention will be described below.
[0028] 2. Example Articles of Apparel Including Attached Body
Position Feedback Systems
[0029] Body position feedback systems in accordance with examples
of this invention may be used in conjunction with a wide variety of
different garment structures. In general, articles of apparel in
accordance with at least some examples of this invention may
include: (a) a garment structure having one or more fabric
elements, wherein the garment structure is structured and arranged
so as to provide a close fit to (and optionally at least partially
wrap around) at least one predetermined portion of a human body
(e.g., a close fit to at least one or more areas of the body for
which enhanced position sensing and/or feedback are desired); and
(b) a body position feedback system engaged with the garment
structure (at least at the desired area or areas where enhanced
position sensing and/or feedback are desired). If desired, the body
position feedback system may have the various structures described
above. In some example structures, at least one portion of the body
position feedback system will have a higher modulus of elasticity
as compared to a modulus of elasticity for the fabric element
making up the largest proportion of the garment structure and/or as
compared to the fabric element(s) that it covers.
[0030] In accordance with at least some examples of this invention,
at least the first material layer of the body position feedback
system will have a continuous structure in a direction so as to
extend around a sufficient part of the body for which enhanced
position sensing is desired. More specifically, in accordance with
at least some examples of this invention, at least the first
material layer of the body position feedback system will be
sufficiently long so as to extend around a portion of the human
body that stretches, elongates, or moves during the activity for
which enhanced body position sensing is desired. The first material
layer may have a higher modulus of elasticity than that of the
fabric element making up the largest proportion of the garment
structure and/or the fabric element(s) that it covers. In this
manner, the stretching, elongation, or moving action of the body
against the relatively high modulus of elasticity first material
layer will cause some level of compression or resistance to the
stretching, elongation, or movement (without substantially
impeding, altering, or affecting the desired movement), which helps
better stimulate the deep tissue located nerves or other sensory
receptors in that area. This stimulation provides sensory feedback
to the garment wearer and better makes the wearer aware of the
positioning of the targeted part of the body. Repeated stimulation
(e.g., during repeated practice, drills, play, etc.) enhances
"muscle memory," as the wearer becomes more aware and familiar with
the feelings when his or her body is in the proper position.
Practice and working with an instructor or coach while wearing
garments in accordance with examples of this invention (e.g., to
assure proper body positioning and form), can allow athletes or
others to better "ingrain" the feel of proper body positioning and
develop "muscle memory," which can lead to better and more
repeatable body positioning during the desired activities and
better performance.
[0031] Body position feedback systems according to examples of this
invention may be engaged with the garment structure in any suitable
or desired manner without departing from this invention. In some
more specific examples, the body position feedback system will
include at least one surface that directly engages a surface of the
garment structure, and this surface of the body position feedback
system may be formed from, include, and/or be modified to include a
material that will enable the body position feedback system to be
fixed to the garment surface (e.g., an adhesive, etc.). Heat and/or
pressure may be applied to the body position feedback system and/or
the garment structure to fix the feedback system to the garment
structure (e.g., via one or more lamination procedures, to cure one
or more layers of an adhesive or cement material, etc.). Other
possible engaging methods include, but are not limited to: sewing
or stitching the body position feedback system to the garment
structure; engaging the body position feedback system to the
garment structure by one or more mechanical connectors, such as
snaps, hook-and-loop fasteners systems, other fastener systems,
etc.; etc.
[0032] More specific examples of articles of apparel in accordance
with some examples of this invention now will be described.
[0033] a. Garments Including Lower Back Position Feedback
Systems
[0034] Many athletic activities involve swinging an object or
otherwise twisting the body and/or moving the arms, legs, and/or
upper torso (e.g., a golf swing, a baseball swing, a cricket swing,
throwing a ball, etc.). Proper positioning and/or movement of the
body, and particularly the lower back (e.g., part of the body core,
the sacrum area, etc.), can influence the results achieved during
these activities. Articles of apparel that provide enhanced lower
back position feedback according to some examples of this invention
may include: (a) a garment structure for covering at least a lower
back portion of a human torso (e.g., a shirt, blouse, leotard, tank
top, cylindrical tube, an undergarment, etc.), wherein the garment
structure includes one or more fabric elements, and wherein the
garment structure is structured and arranged so as to provide a
close fit to at least the lower back portion; and (b) a lower back
position feedback system engaged with the garment structure at the
lower back portion, wherein the lower back position feedback system
includes at least a first region in the lower back portion having a
higher modulus of elasticity than a modulus of elasticity of the
fabric element making up a largest proportion of the garment
structure and/or the fabric element(s) that the lower back position
feedback system cover.
[0035] Lower back position feedback systems in accordance with
examples of this invention may take on a wide variety of structures
and constructions without departing from the invention (including
the structures described above). In at least some examples of this
invention, the high modulus of elasticity region of the position
feedback system will extend (e.g., continuously) at least one time
across the wearer's lower back portion, from one of the wearer's
sides (and the garment sides) to the other. The lower back position
feedback system may include one, two, three, or even more portions
(optionally interconnected portions) that each extends across the
wearer's lower back (and the garment back) from one side to the
other. In some example structures, where multiple portions of the
feedback system extends across the wearer's lower back, the
majority of the length of these various portions will be separated
from one another (optionally, vertically separated), e.g., by at
least a half inch, by at least an inch, or even by at least two or
more inches. The staggered areas of high modulus material and the
absence of this material at certain areas leads to staggered areas
on the body with stimulated deep tissue receptors and unstimulated
areas, which can lead to better user feel of the position feedback
system and a better wearer sense of the body's positioning (e.g.,
due to the contrasting and closely located stimulated and
unstimulated regions.
[0036] Nonetheless, a wide range of structures and constructions
for lower back position feedback systems are possible without
departing from this invention. As some more specific examples, if
desired, the overall length dimension of one or more of the high
modulus regions extending across the lower back portion of the
garment structure in a direction from one side of the garment to
the other may be at least four inches, and in some examples it may
be at least seven inches, at least ten inches, at least twelve
inches, or even more.
[0037] In some example lower back position feedback systems
according to this invention, the high modulus region or regions
will have an overall length dimension in a direction extending from
a first side of the garment structure toward a second side of the
garment structure that is at least four times an overall height
dimension in a direction perpendicular to the overall length
dimension (e.g., up and down the wearer's back). In some more
specific examples, this ratio of overall length to overall height
(L:H) will be at least 7, at least 10, at least 12, or even
greater.
[0038] Still additional features and structures for the lower back
position feedback system are possible without departing from this
invention. For example, when multiple high modulus regions are
provided in the feedback system structure, these regions may be
located vertically and/or horizontally separated from one another.
Moreover, these regions may meet at and/or extend from one or more
common base regions (the base region(s) also may be constructed
from a high modulus material, e.g., continuous with, the same as,
or different from the material of the other high modulus region(s).
The base region, when present, may be centrally located in the
position feedback system and may be arranged to extend
substantially along the spinal or center area of the garment
structure. If desired, the entire high modulus material, including
the base region and any regions extending therefrom (when present),
may be made as a continuous part (e.g., as a single unitary piece,
as multiple pieces directly connected together, etc.).
[0039] More specific examples of lower back position feedback
system structures will be described in more detail below in
conjunction with various attached figures.
[0040] b. Garments Including Foot Position Feedback Systems
[0041] Weight distribution, foot positioning, weight shift, and
foot movement also can be important in proper and/or efficient
performance of many athletic activities, including activities that
include swinging or throwing motions, like those mentioned above.
Articles of apparel that help provide wearer feedback and better
wearer awareness of foot positioning may include: (a) a garment
structure for a human foot (e.g., a sock, sleeve, or other article
of clothing that at least partially contains the foot), wherein the
garment structure includes one or more fabric elements, and wherein
the garment structure is structured and arranged so as to provide a
close fit to and extend across an arch portion of the foot (from
the medial side to the lateral side); and (b) a foot position
feedback system engaged with the garment structure at the arch
portion, wherein the foot position feedback system includes a first
region in the arch portion having a higher modulus of elasticity
than a modulus of elasticity of the fabric element making up a
largest proportion of the garment structure and/or the fabric
element(s) that the feedback system covers. In such structures, a
main portion of the material making up the high modulus region may
extend (e.g., continuously, optionally as one or more pieces) from
a lateral foot side of the garment structure, across a footbed (or
sole) portion of the garment structure, and to a medial foot side
of the garment structure. In at least some example structures
according to this aspect of the invention, at least some portion
(optionally, a majority) of an instep portion and/or the footbed
portion of the garment structure will not be covered by the foot
position feedback system (e.g., to help provide and highlight the
differences in feel for the stimulated and non-stimulated
receptors, as described above).
[0042] Foot position feedback systems in accordance with at least
some examples of this invention may include plural regions having a
higher modulus of elasticity than the modulus of elasticity of the
fabric element making up the largest proportion of the garment
structure and/or the fabric element(s) that the feedback system
covers. These various regions may be separated from one another,
joined with one another, or continuous with one another (or at
least continuous with the arch oriented high modulus region, e.g.,
as a "wing" or projection extending from the arch oriented high
modulus material region). In addition to the region extending
across the arch portion of the wearer's foot, high modulus material
regions may be provided along one or more of: a medial ankle
portion of the garment structure, a lateral ankle portion of the
garment structure, and/or a heel portion of the garment structure.
Foot position feedback systems may have the same general structure
as the various lower back position feedback systems described above
(e.g., a multilayered structure), if desired.
[0043] More specific examples of foot position feedback system
structures will be described in more detail below in conjunction
with various attached figures.
[0044] 3. Example Methods of Making Body Position Feedback Systems
and Articles of Apparel Including Such Systems
[0045] Additional aspects of this invention relate to methods of
making body position feedback systems and/or articles of apparel
including such systems, e.g., of the various types described above.
Methods of making body position feedback systems of the types
described above (and described in more detail below) may include:
(a) providing a first material layer having a first modulus of
elasticity (e.g., by making the first material layer (e.g., cutting
it from a blank), by obtaining it from another source, etc.),
wherein the first material layer is made from a textile or polymer
material, and wherein the first material layer includes a first
opening defined therein; and (b) engaging a second material layer
with the first material layer so as to at least partially cover the
first opening, wherein the second material layer is made from a
fabric or polymer material, wherein the second material layer has a
second modulus of elasticity that, in at least some structures, is
lower than the first modulus of elasticity. Optionally, methods in
accordance with at least some examples of this invention further
may include: (c) engaging a third material layer with at least one
of the first material layer or the second material layer, wherein
the second material layer is sandwiched between the first material
layer and the third material layer; and (d) treating or providing
an exposed surface of the third material layer with a material for
engaging the third material layer with a garment structure (e.g.,
an adhesive material, etc.). If desired, at least portions of the
first and third material layers may be formed of suitable materials
to enable these layers to be laminated together with at least some
portion of the second material layer located therebetween.
[0046] Methods of making articles of apparel in accordance with at
least some examples of this invention, e.g., of the types described
above, may include: (a) providing a garment structure including one
or more fabric elements (e.g., by manufacturing it, from another
source, etc.), wherein the garment structure is structured and
arranged so as to provide a close fit to at least one predetermined
portion of a human body; and (b) engaging a body position feedback
system with the garment structure (e.g., by lamination, by
adhesives or cements, by sewing or stitching, by mechanical
connectors, etc.). The body position feedback systems may include,
for example, any of the various types described above.
[0047] B. Feedback Systems Integrally Formed in Clothing
Structures
[0048] 1. Example Articles of Apparel Including Integrally Formed
Body Position Feedback Systems
[0049] Rather than attaching one or more structures at selective
position(s) on fully formed or substantially fully formed articles
of clothing, body position feedback systems in accordance with at
least some examples of this invention may be integrally formed as
part of the clothing structure. This may be accomplished in various
ways, including, for example, one or more of the following: by
making one or more areas or regions in the garment structure from a
different material as compared to other areas of the garment
structure; by using different knitting, stitching, weaving, or
other textile construction features in one or more areas or regions
of the garment structure as compared to other areas of the garment
structure; by providing different thicknesses and/or texturing in
one or more areas of the garment structure as compared to other
areas of the garment structure; etc.
[0050] In general, at least some example articles of apparel in
accordance with this aspect of the invention may include: (a) a
garment structure made from one or more fabric elements, wherein
the garment structure is structured and arranged so as to provide a
close fit to at least one predetermined portion of a human body;
and (b) a body position feedback system integrally formed in the
garment structure (e.g., in the ways described above). The body
position feedback system in accordance with at least some examples
of this aspect of the invention may include: (a) a first region
having a first modulus of elasticity, wherein the first modulus of
elasticity is higher than a modulus of elasticity making up a
largest proportion of the garment structure and/or a modulus of
elasticity of the fabric element(s) immediately surrounding the
first region, and (b) a second region at least partially surrounded
by the first region, wherein the second region has a second modulus
of elasticity that is different from the first modulus of
elasticity, and wherein the second modulus of elasticity is higher
than the modulus of elasticity making up the largest proportion of
the garment structure. The first modulus of elasticity may be
higher than or lower than the second modulus of elasticity
(although, if desired, in some example structures, these two moduli
may be the same or substantially the same).
[0051] More specific examples of articles of apparel in accordance
with this aspect of the invention now will be described.
[0052] a. Garments Including Integrally Formed Lower Back Position
Feedback Systems
[0053] As described above, many athletic activities involve
swinging an object or otherwise twisting the body and/or moving the
arms, legs, and/or upper torso (e.g., a golf swing, a baseball
swing, a cricket swing, throwing a ball, etc.). Proper positioning
and/or movement of the body, and particularly the lower back (e.g.,
part of the body core, the sacrum area, etc.), can influence the
results achieved during these activities. Articles of apparel that
provide enhanced lower back position feedback according to some
examples of this aspect of the invention may include: (a) a garment
structure for covering at least a lower back portion of a human
torso, wherein the garment structure includes one or more fabric
elements, and wherein the garment structure is structured and
arranged so as to provide a close fit to at least the lower back
portion; and (b) a lower back position feedback system integrally
formed in the garment structure at the lower back portion. This
lower back position feedback system may include at least a first
region in the lower back portion, wherein a largest dimension of
the first region extends across the lower back portion of the
garment structure in a direction from a first side of the garment
structure toward a second side of the garment structure, and
wherein the first region has a higher modulus of elasticity than a
modulus of elasticity making up a largest proportion of the garment
structure and/or a modulus of elasticity of the fabric element(s)
immediately surrounding the first region. The different region(s)
providing the high modulus of elasticity may be integrally provided
as part of the garment structure in any desired manner, for
example, in the various ways described above (e.g., by
incorporating different materials (materials having different
elasticities) into the garment structure; by using different
stitching, knitting, or weaving patterns; by providing different
thicknesses and/or texturing of the material; etc.). Other ways of
altering the structure of the high modulus region and/or other
portions of the garment structure also may be used without
departing from this invention.
[0054] The higher modulus of elasticity region or regions may be
provided in any desired sizes, shapes, and/or locations in the
lower back area of the garment structure, including in the sizes,
shapes, and/or locations as described above in conjunction with the
separate and attached lower back position feedback systems (and as
will be described in more detail below in the detailed description
of specific example structures according to this invention).
[0055] b. Garments Including Integrally Formed Foot Position
Feedback Systems
[0056] As also described above, foot positioning and movement also
can be important in proper and/or efficient performance of many
athletic activities, including activities that include a swinging
or throwing motion, like those mentioned above. Articles of apparel
in accordance with this aspect of the invention that help provide
wearer feedback and better wearer awareness of foot positioning may
include: (a) a garment structure for a human foot, wherein the
garment structure includes one or more fabric elements, and wherein
the garment structure is structured and arranged so as to provide a
close fit to and extend across an arch portion of the foot; and (b)
a foot position feedback system integrally formed in the garment
structure at the arch portion. This foot position feedback system
may include at least a first region that extends across the arch
portion from a medial side of the garment structure, across a
footbed portion of the garment structure, and to a lateral side of
the garment structure, wherein the first region has a higher
modulus of elasticity than a modulus of elasticity making up a
largest proportion of the garment structure and/or a modulus of
elasticity of the fabric element(s) immediately surrounding the
first region.
[0057] The different region(s) providing the high modulus of
elasticity may be integrally provided as part of this
foot-containing garment structure in any desired manner, for
example, in the various ways described above (e.g., by
incorporating different materials (materials having different
elasticities) into the garment structure; by using different
stitching, knitting, or weaving patterns; by providing different
thicknesses and/or texturing of the material; etc.). Other ways of
altering the structure of the high modulus region and/or other
portions of the garment structure also may be used without
departing from this invention.
[0058] The higher modulus of elasticity region or regions may be
provided in this garment structure in any desired sizes, shapes,
and/or locations with respect to the foot-containing portion of the
garment structure, including in the sizes, shapes, and/or locations
as described above in conjunction with the separate and attached
foot position feedback systems (and as will be described in more
detail below in the detailed description of specific example
structures according to this invention).
[0059] 2. Example Methods of Making Articles of Apparel Including
Integrally Formed Body Position Feedback Systems
[0060] Additional aspects of this invention relate to methods of
making articles of apparel including integrally formed body
position feedback systems, e.g., of the various types described
above. Methods of making body position feedback systems of the
types described above (and described in more detail below) may
include: (a) forming a garment structure including one or more
fabric elements, wherein the garment structure is structured and
arranged so as to provide a close fit to at least one predetermined
portion of a human body; and (b) integrally forming a body position
feedback system as part of the garment structure. The body position
feedback system according to at least some examples of this aspect
of the invention may include: (a) a first region having a first
modulus of elasticity, wherein the first modulus of elasticity is
higher than a modulus of elasticity making up a largest proportion
of the garment structure and/or a modulus of elasticity of the
fabric element(s) immediately surrounding the first region, and (b)
a second region at least partially surrounded by the first region,
wherein the second region has a second modulus of elasticity that
is different from the first modulus of elasticity, and wherein the
second modulus of elasticity is higher than the modulus of
elasticity making up the largest proportion of the garment
structure. The first modulus of elasticity may be higher than or
lower than the second modulus of elasticity (although, if desired,
these regions may have the same moduli, in at least some example
structures according to this invention).
[0061] The different region(s) providing the higher modulus
(moduli) of elasticity may be integrally provided as part of the
garment structures in any desired manners, for example, in the
various ways described above (e.g., by incorporating different
materials (materials having different elasticities) into the
garment structure at selected locations; by using different
stitching, knitting, or weaving patterns; by providing different
material thicknesses and/or texturing; etc.). When multiple regions
of higher modulus of elasticity are provided, the different moduli
in the various regions may be provided in the same manner or in
different manners without departing from this invention.
[0062] Given the general description of various examples and
aspects of the invention provided above, more detailed descriptions
of various specific examples of body position feedback systems and
garment structures according to the invention are provided
below.
[0063] II. Detailed Description of Example Body Position Feedback
Systems, Articles of Apparel, and Methods According to the
Invention
[0064] The following discussion and accompanying figures describe
various example body position feedback systems, articles of
apparel, and methods of making these items in accordance with the
present invention. When the same reference number appears in more
than one drawing, that reference number is used consistently in
this specification and the drawings to refer to the same or similar
parts throughout.
[0065] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the front and back, respectively,
of a garment structure 200 including an example body position
feedback system 202 in accordance with this invention. In this
example structure 200, the body position feedback system 202 is
designed and located in the garment structure 200 to provide the
wearer with information regarding the positioning of the lower back
or sacrum area of the body.
[0066] The garment structure 200 may be made from one or more
fabric elements, e.g., in a conventional manner, from conventional
materials, and/or of a conventional construction (e.g., using any
desired number of individual fabric elements or pieces 220 engaged
together via sewing or in another desired manner), without
departing from this invention. In some examples, the garment
structure 200 may be made at least in part from an elastomeric
material, such as a spandex material, or other material that
provides a tight, close fit over the body or at least over a
portion of the body where the body position feedback system 202 is
to be located (in the lower back or sacrum area of the body core,
in this illustrated example structure 200). In the example
structure 200 illustrated in FIG. 2B, the rear portion of the
garment structure 200 includes fitted areas 204 that help position
the body position feedback system 202 and hold it in a close
fitting relationship with respect to the wearer's body at the
desired position. Alternatively, if desired, the entire garment
structure 200 may be made to closely fit the wearer's body such
that individual fitted areas 204 can be omitted. As one more
specific example, the base fabric of at least part of the garment
structure 200 may be a DRI-FIT.RTM. fabric material of the type
commercially available from NIKE, Inc. of Beaverton, Oregon.
[0067] The body position feedback system 202 in this example
structure 200 includes various vertically staggered regions 206,
208, and 210 that extend across the lower back from one side of the
garment structure 200 to the other. The body position feedback
system 202, including at least one of the regions 206, 208, and
210, will have a higher "modulus of elasticity" as compared to the
modulus of elasticity associated with a material or structure
making up the largest proportion of the garment structure 200
and/or the material or structure that the feedback system 202
covers. While the body position feedback system 202 can take on a
wide variety of sizes and shapes without departing from this
invention, as illustrated in the example structure 200 of FIG. 2B,
at least some portions of the body position feedback system 202
will have a continuous structure in a direction so as to extend
around (or wrap around) a sufficient part of the body for which
enhanced position sensing is desired. For example, FIG. 2B
illustrates that each of regions 206, 208, and 210 extends across
the lower back and at least partially around the sides of the
garment structure 200. In this structure 200, at least one of the
regions 206, 208, and 210 will have a sufficient overall length
(dimension "L" from one free end of a region 206, 208, and/or 210
to the other free end in a direction perpendicular to the center
back direction of the garment structure 200--see FIG. 3D) so as to
extend or wrap around the desired portion of the body (the lower
back, in this example). During the desired activity (e.g., when at
the golf ball address position, during a golf swing, etc.), the
lower back (or other portion of the body) will stretch or move
against the relatively high modulus of elasticity associated with
the body position feedback system 202. Because of its higher
resistance to stretching, the regions 206, 208, and/or 210 of the
body position feedback system 202 will cause some level of
compression or resistance to the stretching or movement (without
substantially impeding, altering, or affecting the desired
movement), which helps better stimulate the deep tissue located
nerves or sensory receptors in the wearer's lower back. This
stimulation provides sensory feedback to the garment wearer and
better makes the wearer aware of the positioning of the targeted
part of the body.
[0068] As shown in FIGS. 2B and 3D, the largest continuous
dimensions of the high modulus of elasticity regions 206, 208, and
210 (length dimension "L") in this example structure 200 extend
across the lower back portion of the garment structure 200 in a
direction from one side of the garment structure 200 toward its
opposite side. Each region 206, 208, and 210 includes separate end
regions or projections (206a, 206b, 208a, 208b, 210a, and 210b),
and the end regions or projections 206a, 206b, 208a, 208b, 210a,
and 210b within each region 206, 208, and 210, respectively, are
connected to one another in this example structure 200 by a common
base region 212. Like the regions 206, 208, and 210, the common
base region 212 may be made of a material having a higher modulus
of elasticity than the modulus of elasticity of the fabric element
making up the largest proportion of the garment structure 200
and/or the modules of elasticity of the material(s) that it covers.
This base region 212 may be centered (or substantially centered)
along the spinal or central back region of the garment structure
200.
[0069] As noted above, in this illustrated example structure 200,
at least one of the regions 206, 208, and 210 will have a
sufficient overall length (dimension "L" from one free end of a
region 206, 208, and/or 210 to the other--see FIG. 3D) so as to
extend around the desired portion of the body (the lower back, in
this example). In this manner, the regions 206, 208, and/or 210
will apply a stretch or movement resisting force (or a compressive
force) to that portion of the body. This overall length dimension
"L" may vary, e.g., depending on the garment size and/or the
portion of the body to be contained (e.g., at least 4 inches, at
least 7 inches, at least 10 inches, at least 12 inches, or even
more). Moreover, in at least some example structures 200, this
length dimension L will be substantially greater than the overall
height dimension "H" of the corresponding regions 206, 208, and/or
210 (e.g., the height dimension "H" is the largest dimension of the
regions 206, 208, and/or 210 (exclusive of any base region 212) in
a direction parallel to the center back portion of the garment
structure 200 and/or in a direction perpendicular to dimension
"L"--see FIG. 3D). In at least some example structures according to
this invention, the L:H ratio may be at least 4, and in some
structures, it may be at least 7, at least 10, at least 12, or even
more.
[0070] FIG. 2B further illustrates that the ends of the higher
modulus of elasticity regions 206, 208, and 210 are separated from
one another (indeed, the regions 206, 208, and 210 are separated
from one another over a majority of their lengths, even over 75%,
85%, or even more of their lengths). Any desired distance or amount
of separation may be used without departing from this invention. As
some more specific examples, the separation distance "S" (exclusive
of the common base region 212 in this illustrated example structure
202--see FIG. 3D) may be within the range of 0.25 H to 2 H, and in
some structures, within the range of 0.5 H to 1.5 H or even 0.75 H
to 1.25 H.
[0071] As mentioned above, body position feedback systems in
accordance with this invention may be separately attached to a
garment structure (e.g., overlaying one or more fabric elements of
a conventional article of apparel structure, etc.) or it may be
integrally formed as part of the garment structure. Both of these
types of body position feedback systems may take on a wide variety
of different forms and/or constructions without departing from this
invention. One example of a suitable body position feedback system
(e.g., system 202 of FIGS. 2A and 2B) and its construction and
incorporation into an article of apparel structure is described in
more detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 3A through 3F.
[0072] The body position feedback system constructed by the method
illustrated in FIGS. 3A through 3F is a multilayer construction
that may be separately applied to an existing garment structure
(e.g., a shirt, tank top, undergarment, leotard, etc.). FIG. 3A
illustrates production of a first layer 300 of the example body
position feedback system structure 202 of FIG. 2B. As shown, in
this step, one or more first layer members 300 are cut out from a
larger blank or piece of material 302. Any desired type of cutting
operation may be utilized without departing from the invention,
including, for example, die cutting, laser cutting, hand cutting,
and the like. Also, any desired type of material 302 may be used
without departing from this invention. In this illustrated example,
the material 302 may be a material having a higher modulus of
elasticity (e.g., more resistant to tensile forces and/or providing
a higher compression force) as compared to a modulus of elasticity
making up other portions of the garment structure (e.g., compared
to the modulus of elasticity for the spandex, cotton, polyester, or
other fabric elements 220 making up the garment structure 200). As
some more specific examples, material 302 may be materials commonly
used in tackle twill production, a canvas type material, a
polyester type material, a gygli material, etc. In some structures,
the material 302 will be made from or contain a suitable material
so as to allow first material layer 300 to be joined to another
material later in the body position feedback system construction
process (e.g., by lamination processes, through application of heat
and/or pressure, by adhesives, etc.).
[0073] This illustrated example structure 300 includes plural
regions of high modulus of elasticity connected by a common base
member 308, like the structure illustrated in FIG. 2B. Each
individual projection or end region 304 of this example structure
300 includes an opening 306 cut therein. Additionally or
alternatively, if desired, the high modulus material layer 300 may
be made from multiple pieces joined together without departing from
this invention (e.g., joined by sewing or stitching; adhesives or
cements; mechanical connectors (such as hook-and-loop fasteners);
etc.).
[0074] FIG. 3B illustrates another step in this example process for
producing body position feedback systems. This step is a material
310 cutting step like that described above in conjunction with FIG.
3A, but in this instance, the material 310 forms a second layer of
the overall body position feedback system structure 202. Any
desired type of cutting operation, including those described above
in conjunction with FIG. 3A, may be used for this step without
departing from the invention. In general, the material 310 is cut
into one or more second layer members 312 having generally the same
size and shape as the first layer member 300, but, if desired, the
members 312 may be of somewhat different size (e.g., somewhat
smaller) and/or somewhat different shape.
[0075] The second material layer 312 may be made from any desired
material 310 without departing from this invention, including any
type of material conventionally used in garment and apparel
manufacture. In at least some examples of this invention, the
second material layer 312 will be made from a flexible material,
such as cotton, polyester, etc., and optionally from the same
material included in at least one of the other fabric elements 220
of the garment structure 200. While in some example structures the
second material layer 312 may be made from a material having a
higher modulus of elasticity than that of the fabric element making
up the largest proportion of the garment structure 200 and/or a
higher modulus of elasticity than the first material layer 300, in
this illustrated example structure the second material layer 312
will have the same or a lower modulus of elasticity than the first
material layer 300. As some more specific examples, the second
material layer 312 may be made from a mesh material, such as high
performance sweat management materials (e.g., thin, lightweight
fabrics made from or containing polyester microfibers, polyester
microfiber/ cotton blends, polyester microfiber/cotton/spandex
blends, polyester/spandex blends, and the like), such as "Sphere
Dry" polyester knit materials and/or a Dri-FIT.RTM. polyester
materials, e.g., as included in various commercial products
available from NIKE, Inc., of Beaverton, Oregon (this same material
or similar materials also may be used as other fabric elements 220
in the overall garment structure 200).
[0076] Once the material layers 300 and 312 are cut from their
respective blanks 302 and 310, they may be joined to one another as
illustrated in FIG. 3C to thereby build a body position feedback
base member 320. Any desired manner of connecting these layers 300
and 312 together may be used without departing from this invention,
including, for example, one or more of: sewing or stitching;
adhesives or cements; lamination processes; etc. As some more
specific examples, the layers 300 and 312 may be joined to one
another in manners used in conventional tackle twill construction
and manufacture. They also may be joined together using heat and
pressing technology as is conventionally known and used in the
art.
[0077] FIG. 3C illustrates that the material of the second layer
312 extends over and covers the openings 306 in the first material
layer 300. Using a flexible, lightweight, and/or low modulus of
elasticity material (as compared to material layer 300) and/or a
mesh material as the second material layer 312 can provide certain
advantages in an overall garment structure including a multilayer
body position feedback system of the type constructed by the method
of FIGS. 3A through 3F. For example, a lightweight mesh or other
material for second material layer 312 can help prevent or reduce
excessive heat buildup that may result due to the presence of the
first material layer 300 (e.g., if the first material layer 300 is
not very air permeable). Additionally or alternatively, if desired,
use of a lightweight and/or flexible material for material layer
312 can help the overall body position feedback base member 320
better move and/or flex with the wearer's body (at least in
directions other than the general longitudinal or length dimensions
of the high modulus material regions), to thereby help avoid
uncomfortable bunching, folding, and the like.
[0078] FIGS. 3B and 3C illustrate a single second material layer
312 for engaging the first material layer 300 and completely
covering all of the openings 306. This is not a requirement.
Rather, if desired, plural second material layers 312 may be
provided and separately attached to the first material layer 300,
e.g., each second material layer piece 312 may cover only one or
fewer than all of the openings 306, multiple second material layers
312 may cover a single opening, etc. When plural second material
layers 312 are present, they may overlap, partially overlap, and/or
remain separated from one another without departing from this
invention.
[0079] FIG. 3D illustrates production of another material layer 330
that may be incorporated into a body position feedback system in
accordance with at least some examples of this invention. This
layer 330, a base layer, may be cut from a blank 332 in generally
the same size and shape as the first material layer 300
(optionally, a bit larger), using the same or similar techniques to
those described above. The base layer 330 may be made from any
desired material 332 without departing from this invention. Various
example features of this base layer 330 will be described in more
detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 3E and 3F.
[0080] The base layer 330 need not be the same shape as the other
layer 300. For example, if desired, the base layer 330 may simply
be a large block of material to which the other layers can be
easily applied (as described below) without the need to precisely
align the various parts. Multipart constructions for base layer 330
(multiple base layer parts to engage a single layer 300) also may
be used without departing from this invention.
[0081] In the next step in this illustrated example procedure, as
illustrated in FIG. 3E, the base layer 330 is applied to one or
more fabric elements of a garment structure, e.g., like fabric
elements 220 of garment structure 200 described above in
conjunction with FIGS. 2A and 2B. Any manner of applying the base
layer 330 to the fabric element(s) 220 may be used without
departing from this invention. For example, if desired, one surface
of the base layer 330 may include (or be treated to include)
adhesives or other materials to enable the base layer 330 to be
applied to the fabric element(s) 220 using heat, pressure, and/or
other adhesive curing and/or lamination techniques. As other
examples, the base layer 330 may be engaged with the fabric
element(s) 220 by sewing or stitching, by mechanical connectors
(such as hook-and-loop fasteners), and the like. The combined
garment structure with the base layer 330 applied thereto is
illustrated in FIG. 3E by reference number 340.
[0082] Next, as illustrated in FIG. 3F, the body position feedback
base 320 is engaged with the garment base structure 340 over the
base layer 330 to produce the final garment structure (e.g., like
the garment structure 200 illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B). Any
desired manner of engaging the body position feedback base 320 with
the base layer 330 on the garment base structure 340 may be used
without departing from this invention. For example, if desired, the
exposed surface of the base layer 330 may include adhesives or
other materials (or treated to include such materials) to enable
the body position feedback base 320 to be applied to the base layer
330 using heat, pressure, and/or other adhesive curing and/or
lamination techniques. As other examples, the body position
feedback base 320 may be engaged with the base layer 330 by sewing
or stitching, by mechanical connectors (such as hook-and-loop
fasteners), and the like. In one example structure, base layer 330
and first material layer 300 will be made and/or include materials
that allow them to be engaged together, e.g., using heat, pressure,
and/or lamination processes. The base layer 330 and the first
material layer 300 also may be made from thermoplastic polymeric
materials of the type commercially available from Bemis Associates,
Inc. of Shirley, Massachusetts, United States, and they may held
together by the adhesive properties of these Bemis materials. Gygli
materials also may be used for such laminated structures.
[0083] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various
methods described above may be varied significantly without
departing from this invention. For example, while various
independent steps are described in conjunction with FIGS. 3A
through 3F, the steps may be changed in order, combined, include
additional features, performed simultaneously, performed by one or
more independent parties, or the like, without departing from this
invention. For example, if desired, the multi-layered body position
feedback system may be fully constructed independent of the garment
structure and then, after its construction (e.g., including all
layers), it may be applied to the garment structure as a single
element (e.g., in a single lamination, heating, and/or pressing
step, via sewing, etc.). As another example, if desired, the entire
feedback system structure may be built up using the garment as a
base material (e.g., first applying the base layer 330 to the
garment, applying the second layer 312 to the base layer 330, and
then applying the first layer 300 over the second layer). As yet
another example, if desired, one or more of the layers (e.g., base
layer 330, second material layer 312, etc.) may be omitted without
departing from the invention. Other modifications also are
possible.
[0084] FIG. 4 illustrates cross sectional views of various examples
of attachable body position feedback systems in accordance with
this invention, e.g., of the multi-layer types described above in
conjunction with FIGS. 2A through 3F. The upper cross sectional
view in FIG. 4 illustrates the body position feedback system 202 in
which the first material layer 300 and the base layer 330 are
substantially the same size and shape, and the second material
layer 312 is sandwiched between these layers. As illustrated in the
upper portion of FIG. 4, the second material layer 312 is somewhat
smaller than the other layers, which leaves the outer edges of the
first material layer 300 and the base layer 330 exposed so they may
be joined together with one another (e.g., by adhesives or cements,
by lamination techniques, by stitching or sewing, etc.). The bottom
cross sectional view in FIG. 4, on the other hand, shows the base
layer 330 somewhat larger than the first material layer 300 (and
extending beyond the first material layer 300). The first material
layer is somewhat larger than the second material layer 312 (and
the second material layer 312 is sandwiched between the first
material layer 300 and the base layer 330). Again, any desired
method of joining the various layers together may be used without
departing from this invention including the methods described above
in conjunction with the upper cross sectional portion of FIG. 4.
This structure, if desired, may be used to produce a body position
feedback system 202 having a tackle twill type appearance in its
final structure.
[0085] FIG. 4 illustrates another optional feature that may be
included in garments structures and/or body position feedback
systems in accordance with at least some examples of this
invention. As illustrated in the bottom cross sectional view of
FIG. 4, one or more layers of the body position feedback system 202
may include "texturing" features or elements. The texturing is
shown in FIG. 4 by raised areas 350 extending from the bottom of
base layer 330. Texturing of this type may further enhance the
wearer's "feel" of the body position feedback system 202, better
stimulate the nerves and deep tissue receptors, etc. The raised
areas 350 may be provided on any desired surface or layer of the
body position feedback system 202 (and/or on any portion thereof),
and they may be any desired size or shape (e.g., raised at least 1
mm, at least 2 mm, at least 3 mm, at least 5mm, or even at least 8
mm, with respect to the base surface level of the layer with which
they are included (e.g., layer 330 in FIG. 4)). The raised areas
350 may be integrally formed as part of the layer structure 330
(e.g., molded or embossed therein) or applied thereto as separate
elements (e.g., silicone dot elements, etc.). While the texturing
350 may be uniformly and evenly applied across the layer of
material, it also may be concentrated at specific locations,
including present in multiple, discrete locations at one or more
portions of the layer of material to which it is applied.
[0086] Aspects of this invention may be used in conjunction with
any desired garment type or style without departing from this
invention. Various examples of inclusion of a lower back position
feedback system 202 in garment structures are illustrated in
conjunction with FIGS. 5A through 8B. Specifically, FIGS. 5A and 5B
illustrate inclusion of a lower back position feedback system 202
in a tank top or sports bra type garment structure 500. FIGS. 6A
and 6B illustrate inclusion of a lower back position feedback
system 202 in a vest type garment structure 600. FIGS. 7A and 7B
illustrate inclusion of a lower back position feedback system 202
in a long sleeve form fitting garment structure 700. Finally, FIGS.
8A and 8B illustrate inclusion of a lower back position feedback
system 202 in a conventional golf or polo type short sleeve shirt
structure 800.
[0087] Lower back position feedback apparatuses in accordance with
this invention also need not be confined to the specific structures
shown and described above in conjunction with FIGS. 2A through 8B.
Rather, for example, the multilayer construction may be changed to
have more or fewer layers without departing from this invention.
Alternatively, if desired, a single layer structure having a higher
modulus of elasticity, such as layer 300 described above (with or
without openings 306), may be provided and engaged with a garment
structure without departing from this invention.
[0088] The shape of the body position feedback system also may be
varied widely without departing from this invention (e.g., to
provide a desired shape for inclusion in a desired garment
structure and engaging a desired body portion whose position is to
be better sensed). Optionally, the body position feedback system
will include a structure of higher modulus material that at least
partially wraps around the body part(s) for which enhanced
positioning feedback is desired. Other variations also are
possible. FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate example garment structures 900
and 1000, respectively that include body position feedback systems
902 and 1002, respectively. Each of these feedback systems 902 and
1002 includes plural independent regions (904 and 1004) having a
higher modulus of elasticity as compared to the modulus of
elasticity for the fabric element making up the largest proportion
of the garment structure and/or as compared to the modules of
elasticity for the fabric element(s) that they cover. In these
structures 902 and 1002, however, the regions 904 and 1004 remain
separate from and unconnected with one another. If desired, some of
the higher modulus of elasticity regions 904 and/or 1004 can be
interconnected with a base region, e.g., in the manner described
above in conjunction with FIG. 2B. Any desired number of
interconnected and unconnected higher modulus of elasticity regions
may be provided in a garment structure, at any desired positions
and/or spacings, without departing from this invention.
Interconnecting base regions, when present, may be located at any
position along the lengths of the regions 902 and 1002, not just at
the center spinal area. The body position feedback systems 902 and
1002 also may be oriented to extend at any desired angles or
directions across the body, including at the same or different
angles or directions, without departing from this invention.
[0089] As mentioned above, this invention is not limited to garment
structures for enhancing wearer feel and/or awareness of the
positioning of the lower back. Foot positioning and movement during
athletic performances (e.g., during a golf swing, in a golf stance,
etc.) can be important factors in performance and/or achieving
repeatable and reliable capabilities. FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate
an example sock structure 1100 that includes a multilayer body
position feedback system 1102, e.g., of the types generally
described above in conjunction with FIGS. 2A through 10B. More
specifically, this illustrated example foot position feedback
system structure 1102 includes a base layer 1130 that directly
engages the fabric elements 1120 of the sock structure 1100. The
illustrated example foot position feedback system structure 1102
further includes a second material layer 1112 (e.g., a mesh or
lightweight material layer) sandwiched between the base layer 1130
and an overlying top/first material layer 1110 that includes an
opening 1106 defined therein through which the second material
layer 1112 is exposed. The base layer 1130 and/or the first
material layer 1110 in this structure 1102 may have a higher
modulus of elasticity as compared to the modulus of elasticity for
the fabric element 1120 making up the largest proportion of the
garment structure 1100 and/or as compared to the fabric element(s)
that it overlays. The various parts of this multilayer structure
1102 may have the same or similar characteristics, may be made from
the same or similar materials, and/or may be engaged together with
one another and with the garment structure 1100 in the same or
similar manner, as those features described above in relation to
FIGS. 2A through 10B.
[0090] Notably, in this example structure 1100, the higher modulus
of elasticity material(s) 1130 and/or 1110 extend continuously from
the lateral side, across the footbed 1160, and to the medial side
of the garment structure (e.g., these parts extend continuously in
the specified direction for at least 2 inches, and in some examples
at least 3 inches, at least 4 inches, at least 6 inches, or even
more). In this manner, placing weight on the foot will tend to
apply opposing forces against the ends 1162 of the foot position
feedback system 1102. The higher modulus of elasticity of at least
one layer of the feedback system 1102 applies a compressive force
against the wearer's foot (e.g., the arch, the sides, etc.) or a
resistance to the tensile weight force, thereby increasing the
wearer's "feel" of the foot and increasing his or her awareness of
the position of this portion of the foot.
[0091] This illustrated example foot position feedback system 1102
includes further (optional) features. Ankle and/or heel positioning
and/or location can be important for some activities (such as
building a repeatable golf stance). Therefore, the ends 1162 of the
foot position feedback system 1102 in this structure 1100 include
additional high modulus of elasticity materials extending away from
the arch area (and away from the opening 1106) and toward the rear
of the garment structure 1100. These extended portions or "wing
areas" 1164 extend along the ankle and/or heel area of the garment
structure to increase the local modulus of elasticity at these
positions. These areas of higher modulus of elasticity help
increase the wearer's "feel" of the foot and/or his or her
awareness of the position of this portion of the foot, e.g., during
twisting action involved in a golf swing.
[0092] When present, a wing area 1164 may be provided on either or
both of the lateral and medial sides of the garment structure 1100,
and these wing areas 1164 may appear the same or different without
departing from this invention. Additionally, if desired, the wing
areas 1164 may extend any desired distance around the heel area of
the garment structure 1100, including somewhat behind the heel. As
yet another alternative, if desired, the two wing areas 1164 (when
two are present) may join together at the rear heel area and/or
integrally form a single continuous wing area 1164 that extends
around the rear of the heel from one end 1162 of the foot position
feedback system 1102 to the other.
[0093] In this illustrated example structure 1100, the wing areas
1164 extend from (and are integrally formed as part of) the base
layer 1130, which, as noted above, may constitute a higher modulus
of elasticity material than the material making up the largest
proportion of the garment structure and/or the material being
covered by base layer 1130. This is not a requirement.
Alternatively (or additionally), if desired, one or both wing areas
1164 (when present) may be formed as an extension from the first
material layer 1110. As yet additional examples, if desired, the
wing area(s) 1164 may constitute separate high modulus of
elasticity materials that may be connected to or separated from the
base layer 1130 and/or the first material layer 1110.
[0094] Body position feedback systems need not constitute separate
structures (such as multilayer laminates or other separate
structures) that are engaged with an existing and complete garment
structure. Rather, if desired, such structures may be formed as an
integral part of the garment's structure without overlaying other
material or fabric elements making up the garment. For example, if
an outer periphery of the feedback system (like element 202 of FIG.
4) was made of a material that could be sewn, the feedback system
202 may be directly incorporated into the garment structure, e.g.,
like a separate fabric element and/or as a replacement for all or
part of a fabric element from a conventional garment structure.
[0095] The body position feedback system, however, need not be a
separate structure at all from the garment. Rather, if desired, in
accordance with at least some examples of this invention, the body
position feedback system may be integrally incorporated into the
garment structure as part of one or more of the fabric elements
making up the garment structure. Various examples of such systems
will be described in more detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 12
through 15.
[0096] FIG. 12 illustrates an example garment structure 1200 have a
lower back position feedback system 1202. If desired, this lower
back position feedback system generally may have the same sizes,
shapes, and/or locations as the various separately engaged feedback
systems described above in conjunction with FIGS. 2A through 11B.
In this example structure 1200, however, the higher modulus of
elasticity for the feedback system 1202 is provided by forming that
portion of the garment as a different structure in some manner from
the structure making up the largest proportion of the garment
structure 1200. This change in structure may be accomplished in a
variety of ways.
[0097] As some more specific examples, a different (and relatively
high modulus of elasticity) structure may be provided in the
regions of the feedback system 1202 (as compared to the modulus of
elasticity for a structure making up the largest proportion of the
overall garment structure 1200) by providing different stitching,
weaving, and/or knitting patterns at the location of the feedback
system region as compared to a stitching, weaving and/or knitting
pattern making up the largest proportion of the garment structure.
Modern and commercially available knitting machines and systems are
known in the art that are capable of forming various types of
stitches within a single textile structure (e.g., to produce
different stitching patterns having different elasticities and/or
different stretchabilities). In general, such conventional knitting
machines and systems may be programmed to alter a design on the
textile structure through needle selection. More specifically, the
type of stitch formed at each location on a textile structure may
be selected by programming a knitting machine such that specific
needles either accept or do not accept yarn at each stitch
location. In this manner, various patterns, textures, or designs
may be selectively and purposefully imparted to a unitary textile
structure to thereby form regions having different elasticity
and/or different compressibility properties.
[0098] As another example, the structure of a region of a garment
structure may be altered to provide a higher modulus of elasticity
region (in the region for the feedback system 1202) as compared to
a modulus of elasticity associated with the largest proportion of
the garment structure by using a different material in the high
modulus of elasticity region as compared to the material making up
the largest proportion of the garment structure. Modern and
conventional knitting machines and systems of the types described
above also may be programmed to utilize a specific type of yarn
material for each stitch. That is, the type of yarn utilized at
each location on the textile structure may be selected by
programming the knitting machine such that specific needles accept
a particular type of yarn at each stitch location. In this manner,
yarns and/or materials having different moduli of elasticity may be
incorporated into a unitary garment structure to thereby form
regions having different elasticity and/or different
compressibility properties.
[0099] A different structure may be provided for the region of a
garment structure so as to provide a higher modulus of elasticity
region (in the region for the feedback system 1202) as compared to
a modulus of elasticity associated with the largest proportion of
the garment structure by using and/or forming a thicker material in
the fabric element and/or area of the higher modulus region as
compared to a thickness of the material making up the largest
proportion of the garment structure. This change in thickness may
be accomplished, for example, by using heavier yarn materials or
creating a more "built up" structure at the higher modulus of
elasticity region as compared to other regions. Additionally or
alternatively, if desired, the increased thickness may be provided
at plural discrete locations within the higher modulus of
elasticity region, e.g., to thereby also provide texturing and/or
an uneven surface for the fabric element (e.g., alternating thick
and thin portions) at the location(s) of the higher modulus region.
This texturing feature can create the structures and further
enhance the feel properties for the wearer, as described above in
conjunction with FIG. 4.
[0100] As shown in FIG. 12, the knitting and/or other features of
the garment structure 1200 may be selectively altered such that the
higher modulus of elasticity region 1202 has multiple areas 1204
and 1206 having different moduli of elasticity. Areas 1206 in FIG.
12 may have a higher or lower modulus of elasticity as compared to
area 1204 without departing from this invention. Alternatively, if
desired, the entire region 1202 may be made from a single material
structure and/or designed to have essentially the same modulus of
elasticity throughout (a modulus that is higher than that of the
material and/or structure making up the largest proportion of the
garment structure and/or that of the immediately surrounding fabric
elements). The different hatching in region 1202 depict areas 1204
and 1206 of the garment 1200 having different structures (e.g., in
one or more of the ways described above). Nonetheless, these areas
of different structure, and indeed the entire higher modulus region
1202, may be integrally formed as a one piece construction with the
fabric elements making up the remainder of the garment structure
1200.
[0101] FIG. 13 illustrates an example sock structure 1300 having a
foot position feedback system 1302. While this illustrated example
foot position feedback system 1302 generally has the same size,
shape, and location of the structures described above in
conjunction with FIGS. 11A and 11B, in this instance, the foot
position feedback system 1302 (having a higher modulus of
elasticity than that associated with a largest proportion of the
garment structure and/or the immediately surrounding fabric
elements) is provided using different fabric structures (e.g.,
different stitching, weaving, and/or knitting patterns; different
materials; different material thicknesses and/or texturing; etc.,
in the various manners described above in conjunction with FIG.
12). While any desired number of areas having different moduli of
elasticity and/or compression properties may be included in the
structure 1302 without departing from this invention, in this
illustrated example, the foot position feedback system 1302
includes three discrete regions of different modulus of elasticity,
namely regions 1304, 1306, and 1308. Also, the various discrete
regions 1304, 1306, and 1308 having different moduli of elasticity
within system 1302 may have any desired arrangement of relative
modulus of elasticity with respect to one another (e.g., higher
modulus as one moves inward from region 1304 to 1308, highest
modulus in region 1306 and lowest in region 1308, etc.).
[0102] Another example garment structure 1400 including a foot
position feedback system 1402 integrated into the garment structure
(e.g., by different material structures) is illustrated in FIGS.
14A and 14B. In this example structure 1400, the foot position
feedback system 1402 includes two separated portions, namely, arch
position feedback portion 1402a (extending across the footbed in
the arch area, from the lateral side to the medial side of the
garment structure 1400) and instep/heel/ankle position feedback
portion 1402b (extending from the lateral toe area of the garment
structure, diagonally across the instep area, and to the medial
heel/ankle area). At the medial heel/ankle area, the feedback
portion 1402b forks into two separate end portions 1404a and 1404b,
one portion 1404a extending below the heel (to the bottom footbed
portion) and one portion 1404b extending around the rear heel to
the back of the garment. The arch position feedback portion 1402a
helps make the wearer better aware of his/her weight distribution
and the position/movement of the arch area and other portions of
the foot, e.g., in a manner similar to the structures described
above in conjunction with FIGS. 11A and 11B. The instep/heel/ankle
position feedback portion 1402b helps wearers become more aware of
the positioning and movement of the instep, ankle and heel.
[0103] The diagonal structure of the instep/heel/ankle position
feedback portion 1402b (from the lateral toe to the medial
heel/ankle area) helps wrap this high modulus region around the
ankle area and across the instep area, which move during foot
movement and athletic activities. This movement acts against the
compressive force and/or relatively low stretchability of the high
modulus region 1402b and helps make the wearer more aware of the
instep/ankle/heel position and movement. Because of its
non-symmetric structure, this example garment structure 1400
further includes a "correct foot indicator" 1410 to let the user
know whether this sock should be placed on the right or left
foot.
[0104] The various parts of this foot position feedback system 1402
may be provided with any desired relative moduli of elasticity
without departing from the invention. For example, the interior
1406 of region 1402a may have the highest modulus of elasticity,
and regions 1408 and 1402b may have the same or different moduli of
elasticity (and less than that of region 1406). All three of these
regions 1402b, 1406, and 1408 in this example structure 1400 have a
higher modulus of elasticity than that making up the largest
proportion of the garment structure 1400 and that of the
immediately surrounding fabric element(s). Additionally or
alternatively, the modulus of elasticity may vary within a given
region, e.g., a higher modulus of elasticity may be incorporated
into the structure along one or more portions of the length of
region 1402b, such as at or toward the forked end 1404a/1404b.
[0105] The illustrated example structure 1400 of FIGS. 14A and 14B,
including all portions of the foot position feedback system 1402
(having higher moduli of elasticity than that associated with a
largest proportion of the garment structure), may be integrally
formed in the garment structure, for example, using different
fabric structures (e.g., different stitching, weaving, and/or
knitting patterns; different materials; different material
thicknesses and/or texturing; etc., in the various manners
described above in conjunction with FIG. 12). This is not a
requirement. Rather, if desired, one or more of the higher modulus
areas 1402a, 1402b, 1404a, 1404b, 1406, and/or 1408 may be provided
by attaching a high modulus element to the garment structure, e.g.,
in the manner described above in conjunction with FIGS. 2A through
11B.
[0106] FIG. 15 illustrates another example garment structure 1500
in accordance with aspects of this invention. This body position
feedback region 1502 is similarly shaped and located to those
described above in conjunction with FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 13, and the
region 1502 may be provided using any of the methods described
above. Any desired shape for the region 1502 (including multiple
separate regions) may be used without departing from this
invention. In this example structure 1500, however, at least some
portions of the body position feedback region 1502 include
texturing elements 1504. As described above, the texturing elements
1504 may be separately engaged with the garment structure 1500 or
the region 1502, and/or they may be integrally formed in the
garment structure 1500 at the desired regions using the garment
production process (e.g., knitting the garment structure 1500 at
selected locations using heavier threads, using a thicker knitting
or stitching pattern, etc.). Texturing of this type can further
enhance the wearer "feel" and awareness of his or her body
position. Optionally, if desired, this texturing may be used in
combination with the compressive force and/or tensile resistance of
high modulus of elasticity regions, as described above.
Alternatively, if desired, texturing alone can be used to increase
wearer feel and/or body positioning awareness (e.g., without the
need for high modulus regions).
III. Conclusion
[0107] The present invention is described above and in the
accompanying drawings with reference to a variety of example
structures, features, elements, and combinations of structures,
features, and elements. The purpose served by the disclosure,
however, is to provide examples of the various features and
concepts related to the invention, not to limit the scope of the
invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that
numerous variations and modifications may be made to the
embodiments described above without departing from the scope of the
present invention, as defined by the appended claims. For example,
the various features and concepts described above in conjunction
with FIGS. 1 through 15 may be used individually and/or in any
combination or subcombination without departing from this
invention.
[0108] Additionally, aspects of this invention can be extended to
use with other garment structures and garment structures designed
for providing feedback information for different targeted areas of
the body (e.g., any of the zones illustrated in FIG. 1). As some
more specific examples, aspects of this invention may be extended
for use with garment structures specifically designed and tailored
to provide position feedback information to the wearer relating to
positioning of at least portions of the hands, feet, ankles,
calves, knees, arms, elbows, shoulders, sacrum or other portions of
the back, core, hips, neck, etc. Any type of garment structure that
tightly fits against or around and/or at least partially contains
one or more of these portions of the body may be provided in
accordance with examples of this invention. Also, garment
structures incorporating aspects of the invention may be developed
for use in a wide variety of sports, athletic performances, and/or
other activities, including any activity where proper body posture,
movement, and/or positioning may affect performance and/or
development of "muscle memory" may enhance performance. Examples of
such sports and/or activities include but are not limited to: golf,
baseball, softball, cricket, basketball, football, hockey, skiing,
snow boarding, rowing sports, sailing, weightlifting, sprinting,
running, jogging, walking, gymnastics, cycling, skateboarding,
soccer, swimming, tennis, yoga, dance, volleyball, bobsledding,
luge, lacrosse, etc.
* * * * *