U.S. patent application number 12/770057 was filed with the patent office on 2011-11-03 for flood defense apparatus, system and method.
Invention is credited to Anthony Thornbury, Stuart Varndell.
Application Number | 20110268506 12/770057 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44858363 |
Filed Date | 2011-11-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110268506 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Thornbury; Anthony ; et
al. |
November 3, 2011 |
FLOOD DEFENSE APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD
Abstract
A flood defense apparatus including a channel 10 having a base
12 and side walls 14, 16 extending downwardly from a surface level
opening 36 to the base 12 so as to be adapted to collect and
transfer surface liquid, a channel dividing formation 18 extending
generally downwardly from the opening of the channel towards but
not to the base, so as to divide the channel into a drainage
portion 20 open for the access flow of surface liquid and a chamber
portion 22 and to define a liquid communicating portion 24 between
the drainage portion and the chamber portion below the dividing
formation, and at least one buoyant barrier member 26 received in
the chamber portion to be selectively moveable between a first
position within the channel and a second position where the barrier
member at least partially extends from the channel. The level of
liquid in the drainage portion follows the level of liquid in the
chamber portion to allow, in use, varying levels of liquid in the
channel to move the barrier member reversibly between the first
position and the second position.
Inventors: |
Thornbury; Anthony; (Selby,
GB) ; Varndell; Stuart; (York, GB) |
Family ID: |
44858363 |
Appl. No.: |
12/770057 |
Filed: |
April 29, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/118 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02B 7/50 20130101; E02B
7/205 20130101; E02B 7/26 20130101; Y02A 10/31 20180101; E02B 3/104
20130101; Y02A 10/30 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
405/118 |
International
Class: |
E02B 5/02 20060101
E02B005/02; E02B 5/00 20060101 E02B005/00 |
Claims
1. A flood defense apparatus comprising: a channel having a base
and side walls extending downwardly from a surface level opening to
the base so as to be adapted to collect and transfer surface
liquid; a channel dividing formation extending generally downwardly
from the opening of the channel towards but not to the base, so as
to divide the channel into a drainage portion open for the access
flow of surface liquid and a chamber portion and to define a liquid
communicating portion between the drainage portion and the chamber
portion below the dividing formation; and at least one buoyant
barrier member received in the chamber portion to be selectively
moveable between a first position within the channel and a second
position where the wall member at least partially extends from the
channel.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the chamber portion
is defined by at least the channel dividing formation and a first
side of the channel.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the chamber portion
is defined by a chamber housing comprising at least the channel
dividing formation and a further side wall formation spaced apart
therefrom, and comprising means for the at least one barrier member
to be received therein.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the at least one
barrier member is slideably mounted in the chamber housing to
engage with one or both of the channel dividing formation and the
further side wall formation.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the chamber housing
comprises end walls extending between the channel dividing
formation and the further side wall formation.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the end walls are
adapted to allow a plurality of chamber housings to be connected
together.
7. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the chamber housing
comprises a base member by which the barrier member is supported
when in the first position.
8. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the barrier member is
in sealing engagement with the chamber housing when, in use,
reversibly moving between the first and second positions.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the barrier member
comprises a buoyant lower portion.
10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the barrier member
comprises a vertical face and an angled face to define a barrier
member having a wedge-like cross section.
11. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the barrier member
and chamber housing are complementarily shaped to provide sealing
engagement therebetween as the barrier member reversibly moves
between the first and second positions.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus
comprises a channel cover having a first apertured area to
correspond with the drainage portion for surface liquid to drain
and a second apertured area adapted to correspond with the chamber
portion.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a closure member is
provided to close the second apertured area when the barrier member
is in the first position.
14. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the base of the
channel is sloped transversely from a side of the channel towards a
deepest point of the channel.
15. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the channel sides
and base comprise the sides and base of an optionally lined,
sub-surface channel excavation.
16. A flood defense kit for fitting into an existing drainage
channel to create a flood defense apparatus according to claim 1,
the kit comprising: a channel dividing formation extending
generally downwardly from an opening of the channel towards but not
to the base, so as to divide the channel into a drainage portion
open for the access flow of surface liquid and a chamber portion
and to define a liquid communicating portion between the drainage
portion and the chamber portion below the dividing formation; and
at least one buoyant barrier member received in the chamber portion
to be selectively moveable between a first position within the
channel and a second position where the barrier member at least
partially extends from the channel.
17. A channel module for fitting in a sub-surface channel
excavation to create an apparatus according to claim 1, the channel
module comprising: a channel lining having a base and side walls
extending downwardly from an opening, for example to be located at
a surface level in use, to the base so as to define a channel
adapted to collect and transfer surface liquid; a channel dividing
formation extending generally downwardly from the opening of the
channel lining towards but not to the base, so as to divide the
channel lining into a drainage portion open for the access flow of
surface liquid and a chamber portion and to define a liquid
communicating portion between the drainage portion and the chamber
portion below the dividing formation; and at least one buoyant
barrier member received in the chamber portion to be selectively
moveable between a first position within the channel lining and a
second position where the barrier member at least partially extends
from the channel lining.
18. A channel module according to claim 17, further comprising
first and second end walls adapted to allow the first end wall of a
channel module to connect to the second end wall of another channel
module to allow a plurality of channel modules to connect
together.
19. A channel module according to claim 18, wherein the first end
wall of the channel module comprises a fluid inlet adapted to
sealably engage with a fluid outlet provided in the second end wall
of another channel module.
20. A method of installing a flood defense apparatus, comprising
the steps of: providing a drainage channel having a base and side
walls extending downwardly from a surface to the base so as to be
adapted to collect and transfer surface liquid; providing a channel
dividing formation extending generally downwardly from an opening
of the channel towards but not to the base, so as to divide the
channel into a drainage portion open for the access flow of surface
liquid and a chamber portion and to define a liquid communicating
portion between the drainage portion and the chamber portion below
the dividing formation; and providing at least one buoyant barrier
member received in the chamber portion to be selectively moveable
between a first position within the channel to a second position
where the wall member at least partially extends from the channel;
whereby liquid level in the chamber portion follows liquid level in
the drainage portion to allow, in use, varying levels of liquid in
the channel to move the barrier member reversibly between the first
position and the second position.
21. A method according to claim 20 comprising the steps of:
providing a channel module comprising: a channel lining having a
base and side walls extending downwardly from a surface so as to be
adapted to collect and transfer surface liquid; a channel dividing
formation extending generally downwardly from an opening of the
channel lining towards but not to the base, so as to divide the
channel lining into a drainage portion open for the access flow of
surface liquid and a chamber housing and to define a liquid
communicating portion between the drainage portion and the chamber
portion below the dividing formation; and at least one buoyant
barrier member received in the chamber housing to be selectively
moveable between a first position within the channel lining and a
second position where the barrier member at least partially extends
from the channel lining; and installing the channel module into a
sub-surface channel excavation.
22. A method according to claim 20 comprising the steps of:
inserting a channel dividing formation extending generally
downwardly from an opening of the channel towards but not to the
base, so as to divide the channel into a drainage portion open for
the access flow of surface liquid and a chamber portion and to
define a liquid communicating portion between the drainage portion
and the chamber portion below the dividing formation; and slideably
mounting at least one buoyant barrier member in the chamber portion
to be selectively moveable between a first position within the
channel to a second position where the barrier member at least
partially extends from the channel; whereby liquid level in the
chamber portion follows liquid level in the drainage portion to
allow, in use, varying levels of liquid in the channel to move the
barrier member reversibly between the first position and the second
position.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates generally to flood defense
apparatus for protecting land or buildings and more particularly to
flood defense apparatus for installation in the vicinity of land or
buildings which are susceptible to flooding by surface liquid, such
as rainwater.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Flood defense apparatus are known. Known apparatus make use
of complicated mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic means to raise
and lower a moveable flood barrier in times of high water. For
example, EP0726364 provides an apparatus for a watercourse, such as
a dike, having a moveable flood barrier. In times of high water,
the flood barrier can be transferred from a low position towards a
high position by water flowing into a chamber within the dike body
down an inclined filling channel. As the water level lowers, water
flows from the chamber via a discharge channel and the flood
barrier moves towards the low position. The filling channel is
provided in an upper part of the dike body and the discharge
channel is provided in a lower part of the dike body.
[0003] This apparatus requires a permanent, above ground structure,
such as a dike body. The dike body is both intrusive and an eye
sore and is a permanent barrier when water is not present. For
example, pedestrians or vehicles are prevented from moving over the
barrier when in the low position when there is no risk from flood
water. Installation of the apparatus is expensive and time
consuming and is limited in its application. Flood water must rise
significantly above ground level before the flood barrier is
raised.
SUMMARY
[0004] A first aspect of the present invention provides a flood
defense apparatus, comprising: [0005] a channel having a base and
side walls extending downwardly from a surface level opening to the
base so as to be adapted to collect and transfer surface liquid;
[0006] a channel dividing formation extending generally downwardly
from the opening of the channel towards but not to the base, so as
to divide the channel into a drainage portion open for the access
flow of surface liquid and a chamber portion and to define a liquid
communicating portion between the drainage portion and the chamber
portion below the dividing formation; and [0007] at least one
buoyant barrier member received in the chamber portion to be
selectively moveable between a first position within the channel
and a second position where the barrier member at least partially
extends from the channel.
[0008] Advantageously, the channel is adapted to collect and
transfer surface liquid from above surface level. Surface liquid
may access the channel at least via the drainage portion. Surface
liquid is allowed to flow into the channel and be transferred or
drained away in a similar manner to an existing drainage channel or
gutter, an upper opening of which is provided at ground level.
[0009] Where the level of liquid in the channel is below the
channel dividing portion, the barrier member is in the first
position, and liquid in the channel is entirely within the
communicating portion. The communicating portion conveniently
allows liquid to flow freely along the base of the channel to be
suitably transferred. Liquid collected in the channel may soak away
into surrounding earth or a fluid outlet may be provided near the
base of the channel and a suitable drainage means attached thereto.
The channel conveniently provides an immediate drain for surface
liquid to flow, even where the amount of liquid entering the
channel is not enough to sufficiently fill the chamber portion and
raise the barrier member received therein.
[0010] Where a substantial volume of liquid flows into the channel
and the level of liquid therein rises up the channel beyond the
lowest extent of the dividing formation, liquid enters the chamber
portion and moves the buoyant barrier member received therein
towards the second position. The liquid level in the chamber
portion follows liquid level in the drainage portion to allow, in
use, varying levels of liquid in the channel to move the barrier
member reversibly between the first position and the second
position. Liquid may still be transferred along the channel whilst
the barrier member is being moved by liquid rising in the chamber
portion.
[0011] The apparatus therefore acts as a conventional drainage
channel when the liquid level in the channel is below the channel
dividing formation and when the level of liquid in the channel is
sufficient to enter the chamber portion and move the barrier member
towards the second position.
[0012] Advantageously, the apparatus is suitable for many
applications which require protection from surface liquid, such as
domestic and commercial buildings, car parks or agricultural land.
The source of the surface liquid may include tidal watercourses,
excess rain water or accidental spillage.
[0013] Preferably the channel dividing formation is elongate and
arranged along the channel. The channel dividing formation may be
arranged in the channel and orientated in a number of ways. For
example, the channel dividing formation may divide the channel
approximately in half. Suitably the channel dividing formation may
extend vertically towards the base of the channel or may be angled
relative to the vertical. The channel dividing formation may be
removable from the channel to allow access to the barrier member,
for example.
[0014] Preferably the chamber portion is defined by at least the
channel dividing formation and a first side of the channel in a
similar manner, the drainage portion is defined by the channel
dividing formation and the opposing second side of the channel.
[0015] Conveniently the chamber portion is defined by a chamber
housing comprising at least the channel dividing formation and a
further side wall formation spaced apart therefrom, and comprising
means for the at least one barrier member to be received
therein.
[0016] Preferably the at least one barrier member is slideably
mounted in the chamber housing to engage with one or both of the
channel dividing formation and the further side wall formation.
Suitable projections and complementarily shaped recesses may be
provided on the barrier member and in the chamber housing
respectively. Such engagement may suitably provide guide means to
the barrier member when moving between the first and second
positions.
[0017] Suitably the chamber housing may comprise end walls
extending between the channel dividing formation and the further
side wall formation. The end walls may be adapted to allow two or
more chamber housings to connect together. Suitably the end walls
comprise connecting portions to allow a plurality of chamber
housings to be connected together. For example, one end wall may
comprise a projecting portion which interconnects with a
complementarily shaped recess in a second end wall of a chamber
housing of another apparatus. Such connecting apparatus may
conveniently provide an elongate flood defense system.
[0018] Preferably the barrier member is in sealing engagement with
the chamber housing when, in use, reversibly moving between the
first and second positions. The barrier member suitably engages in
sealing manner with one or more of the channel dividing formation,
further side wall formation and end walls. Sealing engagement
between the barrier member and the chamber housing advantageously
prevents liquid from the chamber leaking past the barrier member to
surface level and, in particular, a protected side of the
apparatus.
[0019] Suitably the chamber housing comprises a base member by
which the barrier member is supported when in the first position.
The base member may simply comprise one or more brackets extending
between the channel dividing formation and the first side of the
channel. Alternatively, the base member may extend substantially
between the channel dividing formation and the further side wall
formation, the base having one or more apertures to allow liquid to
enter the chamber housing when the level of liquid in the channel
rises up beyond the lower extent of the channel dividing
formation.
[0020] Suitably the barrier member comprises a buoyant lower
portion. A buoyant lower portion ensures the barrier member is
being urged from below towards the second position by rising liquid
in the chamber portion.
[0021] Suitably the buoyant lower portion has a volume which is
greater than a volume of an upper portion of the barrier member.
Suitably the barrier member is at least partly hollow. A hollow
barrier member is conveniently lightweight and particularly
buoyant.
[0022] Suitably the barrier member comprises a vertical face and an
opposing angled face to define a barrier member having a wedge-like
cross section. Suitably, in use, the angled face may be a `wet`
side of the barrier member relative to surface liquid accessing the
channel and the vertical face may be a `dry` side of the barrier
member relative to surface liquid entering the channel from which
protection is being provided by the apparatus. This arrangement
provides a strong barrier member to withstand the loads exerted on
the barrier member by surface liquid, particularly when the level
of the surface liquid is high relative to the barrier member when
in the second position. The loads exerted on the barrier member by
a high level of surface liquid will be greater on the lower portion
of the barrier member than the loads on the upper portion of the
barrier member.
[0023] Suitably the barrier member and chamber housing may be
complementarily shaped to provide sealing engagement therebetween
as the barrier member reversibly moves between the first and second
positions. A barrier member having a wedge-shaped cross section
provides an effective seal when engaged with a complementarily
shaped chamber housing, particularly when the barrier member is in
the raised second position.
[0024] Suitably the apparatus may comprise a channel cover having a
first apertured area to correspond with the drainage portion for
surface liquid to drain and a second apertured area adapted to
correspond with the chamber portion. The first and second apertured
areas may comprise slots arranged along opposing sides of the
channel cover. The channel cover desirably provides a suitable and
safe surface for pedestrians to walk over or vehicles to move
over.
[0025] A closure member may be provided to close the second
apertured area when the barrier member is in the first position.
Suitably the closure member may be mounted to the channel cover by
a hinge. A hinged closure member prevents the ingress of debris,
such as leaves, into the chamber housing when the barrier member is
in the first position within the channel whilst allowing the
barrier member to move towards the second position to at least
partially extend from the channel.
[0026] The first apertured area in the cover may comprise a
plurality of drainage apertures. The drainage apertures may be
equally spaced. The drainage apertures may be parallel slots. The
drainage apertures may be arranged and adapted to prevent the
ingress of debris, e.g. leaves, whilst allowing surface liquid to
access the channel.
[0027] Suitably the a portion of the base of the channel is sloped.
The base may be sloped longitudinally and/or transversely relative
to the channel. Preferably the base is sloped transversely from a
side of the channel towards a deepest point of the channel. A
sloped base advantageously prevents the channel silting up to
ensure an unobstructed channel is provided for the surface liquid
to flow.
[0028] Suitably at least one of the channel sides, channel base,
channel dividing formation and barrier member may be formed from a
plastics material. Suitably a plastics material provides resistance
to corrosion and is lightweight. A lightweight apparatus also
provides for easy installation. A suitable plastic may include
urethane.
[0029] Alternatively the channel sides and/or channel base may be
concrete.
[0030] In a first embodiment of the invention, the channel sides
and base comprise the sides and base of an optionally lined,
sub-surface channel excavation.
[0031] In a second embodiment of the present invention, a channel
module is provided for fitting in a sub-surface channel excavation,
the channel module comprising: [0032] a channel lining having a
base and side walls extending downwardly from an opening, for
example to be located at a surface level in use, to the base so as
to define a channel adapted to collect and transfer surface liquid;
[0033] a channel dividing formation extending generally downwardly
from the opening of the channel lining towards but not to the base,
so as to divide the channel lining into a drainage portion open for
the access flow of surface liquid and a chamber portion and to
define a liquid communicating portion between the drainage portion
and the chamber portion below the dividing formation; and [0034] at
least one buoyant barrier member received in the chamber portion to
be selectively moveable between a first position within the channel
lining and a second position where the barrier member at least
partially extends from the channel lining.
[0035] The sub-surface channel excavation may be an existing
drainage channel, e.g. a prefabricated concrete drainage channel,
or may be purposively excavated for the channel module to be
fitted. For example, the channel module may conveniently be fitted
into an existing drainage channel or may be retrofitted around an
existing building or installed in an excavated channel when the
building is built. Suitably the channel module is sized according
to the size of the sub-surface channel excavation in which it is to
be fitted in, for example where the channel is an existing channel,
or the sub-surface channel excavation is suitably sized in
accordance with the channel module, for example a channel
specifically excavated for the channel module. Suitably the channel
module sits in the channel and is flush with the surface level, the
only visible aspect being the opening of the channel lining. This
allows surface fluid to drain into the channel lining. The channel
module operates in the same manner as the apparatus as described
above.
[0036] Preferably the channel module further comprises first and
second end walls adapted to allow the first end wall of a channel
module to connect to the second end wall of another channel module
to allow a plurality of channel modules to connect together. A
first end wall may be complementarily shaped with a corresponding
second end wall. The channel dividing formation is preferably
mounted or attached to the end walls. Suitably the channel dividing
formation may be removable from the channel module to allow access
to channel lining or barrier member, for example. The channel
dividing formation may be slideably mounted to the channel lining
and engage with downwardly extending slots in the end walls of the
module, for example.
[0037] Preferably the first end wall of the channel module
comprises a fluid inlet adapted to sealably engage with a fluid
outlet provided in the second end wall of another channel module.
Suitably the fluid inlet and fluid outlet being provided near the
base of its corresponding channel module. Conveniently, a plurality
of channel modules may be fluidly connected in series to provide a
continuous flow path for surface liquid to be transferred. Suitably
the chamber portions of adjacent channel modules may be fluidly
connectable. Suitably the barrier members of adjacent channel
modules may be connectable.
[0038] One or more sealing members may be provided to seal a gap
between adjacent barrier members of neighbouring channel
modules.
[0039] In a further aspect of the present invention, the channel
may conveniently be an existing drainage channel, e.g. a
prefabricated concrete drainage channel, into which at least the
channel dividing member is fitted to define the chamber portion in
which at least one barrier member is received.
[0040] This aspect of the invention provides a flood defense kit
for fitting into an existing drainage channel to create a flood
defense apparatus as described above, the kit comprising: [0041] a
channel dividing formation extending generally downwardly from an
opening of the channel towards but not to the base, so as to divide
the channel into a drainage portion open for the access flow of
surface liquid and a chamber portion and to define a liquid
communicating portion between the drainage portion and the chamber
portion below the dividing formation; and [0042] at least one
buoyant barrier member received in the chamber portion to be
selectively moveable between a first position within the channel
and a second position where the barrier member at least partially
extends from the channel.
[0043] The channel may be an excavated channel or may be a
prefabricated channel which is arranged in an excavated channel.
The channel may be an existing channel or may be excavated during
construction of a building, for example, or where the apparatus is
retrofitted to protect an existing building or plot of land.
[0044] Suitably the channel dividing formation is suspended from a
channel cover. Alternatively, the channel dividing formation may be
attached to end walls of the channel. As described above, the
channel dividing formation divides the channel into a drainage
portion and a chamber portion in which the barrier member is
received. The drainage portion and chamber portion are fluidly
connected by the communicating portion to allow liquid to enter the
chamber portion when the liquid level in the channel is sufficient.
The liquid level in the chamber housing follows liquid level in the
drainage portion to allow, in use, varying levels of liquid in the
channel to move the barrier member reversibly between the first
position and the second position. The communicating portion below
the channel dividing formation conveniently allows any level of
liquid to be transferred along the channel and drained to soak from
the channel or via suitable drainage means.
[0045] A further aspect of the present invention provides a flood
defense system comprising a plurality of apparatus or channel
modules as described above disposed serially, and for example
connected in series, to define an elongate flood defense system.
The flood defense system may be provided in front of or around an
area of a building to be protected. An apparatus or system may be
provided in the vicinity of weak areas of a building, such as doors
and windows, for example. Advantageously, the barrier member does
not require support means when moving from the first position to
the second position, such as undesirably using the building as the
support means. The building may be domestic or commercial. The
system may be retrofitted around an existing building or installed
when the building is initially built. The system may be provided
between flood resistant walls to provide an access point or gateway
when the barrier member is in the lowered first position whilst
providing a continuous flood barrier with the walls when the
barrier member is in the raised second position.
[0046] One or more sealing members may be provided to seal a gap
between adjacent barrier members of neighbouring adjoined apparatus
or modules.
[0047] A further aspect of the present invention provides a
drainage system comprising an apparatus or a system as described
above.
[0048] A further aspect of the present invention provides a method
of installing a flood defense apparatus, comprising the steps of:
[0049] providing a drainage channel having a base and side walls
extending downwardly from a surface to the base so as to be adapted
to collect and transfer surface liquid; [0050] providing a channel
dividing formation extending generally downwardly from an opening
of the channel towards but not to the base, so as to divide the
channel into a drainage portion open for the access flow of surface
liquid and a chamber portion and to define a liquid communicating
portion between the drainage portion and the chamber portion below
the dividing formation; [0051] providing at least one buoyant
barrier member received in the chamber portion to be selectively
moveable between a first position within the channel to a second
position where the barrier member at least partially extends from
the channel; [0052] whereby liquid level in the chamber portion
follows liquid level in the drainage portion to allow, in use,
varying levels of liquid in the channel to move the barrier member
reversibly between the first position and the second position.
[0053] The method may further comprise the step of connecting two
or more flood defense apparatus together in fluid communication to
provide a flood defense system.
[0054] The method may further comprise the step of providing one or
more sealing members to seal a gap between adjacent barrier members
of neighbouring apparatus.
[0055] In a possible embodiment, the method of the invention
provides a method of installing a channel module into a sub-surface
channel excavation is provided, the method comprises the steps of:
[0056] providing a channel module comprising: [0057] a channel
lining having a base and side walls extending downwardly from a
surface so as to be adapted to collect and transfer surface liquid;
[0058] a channel dividing formation extending generally downwardly
from an opening of the channel lining towards but not to the base,
so as to divide the channel lining into a drainage portion open for
the access flow of surface liquid and a chamber housing and to
define a liquid communicating portion between the drainage portion
and the chamber portion below the dividing formation; and [0059] at
least one buoyant barrier member received in the chamber housing to
be selectively moveable between a first position within the channel
lining and a second position where the barrier member at least
partially extends from the channel lining; and [0060] installing
the channel module in the sub-surface channel excavation.
[0061] The method of installing a channel module into a sub-surface
channel excavation may further comprise one or more of the
following steps: [0062] providing a cover having a first aperture
for surface liquid to drain and a second aperture adapted to
correspond with the upper opening of the chamber housing; [0063]
connecting two or more channel modules together in fluid
communication to provide a flood defense system; and [0064]
providing one or more sealing members to seal a gap between
adjacent barrier members of neighbouring apparatus.
[0065] In another possible embodiment, the method of the invention
provides a method of installing a flood defense kit into an
existing drainage channel to create a flood defense apparatus as
described above, the channel having a base and side walls extending
downwardly from a surface so as to be adapted to collect and
transfer surface liquid, comprising the steps of: [0066] providing
a channel dividing formation extending generally downwardly from an
opening of the channel towards but not to a base, so as to divide
the channel into a drainage portion open for the access flow of
surface liquid and a chamber portion and to define a liquid
communicating portion between the drainage portion and the chamber
portion below the dividing formation; and [0067] slideably mounting
at least one buoyant barrier member in the chamber portion to be
selectively moveable between a first position within the channel to
a second position where the barrier member at least partially
extends from the channel;
[0068] whereby liquid level in the chamber portion follows liquid
level in the drainage portion to allow, in use, varying levels of
liquid in the channel to move the barrier member reversibly between
the first position and the second position.
[0069] The channel may be a channel excavated in front of or around
the area of a building to be protected. Alternatively, the channel
may be an existing drainage channel, as described above. Desirably,
the channel is a depth and width to allow the barrier member to be
wholly contained in the channel when in the first position to
provide a flat upper surface level with the ground surface.
[0070] The method of installing a flood defense kit into an
existing drainage channel to create a flood defense apparatus as
described above may further comprise any one of the following
steps: [0071] providing a chamber housing comprising at least the
channel dividing formation and a further side wall formation spaced
apart therefrom and adapted to receive the barrier member; and
[0072] providing a cover having a first aperture for surface liquid
to drain and a second aperture adapted to correspond with the upper
opening of the chamber portion.
[0073] The method of installing a flood defense kit into an
existing drainage channel to create a flood defense apparatus as
described above may further comprise any one of the following
steps: [0074] connecting two or more chamber housings together in
fluid communication; and [0075] providing one or more sealing
members to seal a gap between adjacent barrier members of
neighbouring kits.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0076] The present invention will now be described, by way of
example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
[0077] FIG. 1 is an isometric representation of an embodiment of a
channel module according to the present invention showing a section
through the module;
[0078] FIG. 2 shows an end view of the module of FIG. 1 when the
barrier member is between the first and second positions;
[0079] FIG. 3 shows a side of another embodiment of the channel
module;
[0080] FIG. 4 shows an opposite side of the channel module of FIG.
3;
[0081] FIG. 5 shows a plurality of connected barrier members
connected;
[0082] FIG. 6 shows a flood defense system of channel modules as
shown in FIG. 4; and
[0083] FIG. 7 shows the flood defense system of FIG. 6 with the
barrier members in the raised second position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0084] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a channel module 1 for fitting in
a sub-surface channel excavation comprises a channel lining 10
having a base 12 and side walls 14, 16 extending downwardly from a
surface so as to be adapted to collect and transfer surface liquid,
such as rainwater, floodwater or accidental spillage.
[0085] A channel dividing formation 18 extends generally downwardly
from an opening of the channel lining 10 towards but not to the
base 12 so as to divide the channel lining 10 into a drainage
portion 20 open for the access flow of surface liquid and a chamber
portion 22 and to define a liquid communicating portion 24 between
the drainage portion 20 and the chamber portion 22 below the
channel dividing formation 18. The channel dividing portion 18 and
the side wall 16 of the channel lining 10, and a chamber base 21,
define a chamber housing 22. Conveniently, the channel dividing
formation 18 may be removable from the channel module 1 to allow
access to the channel lining 10 for cleaning purposes, for
example.
[0086] A buoyant barrier member 26 is slideably mounted in the
chamber housing 22. The chamber housing 22 has an aperture 28 in
its base 21 to fluidly connect the chamber housing 22 with the
drainage portion 20 of the channel 10. This allows rising liquid in
the channel lining 10 to enter and fill the chamber housing 22 and
also exit the chamber housing 22 when the liquid level in the
channel 10 lowers. Liquid level in the chamber housing 22 thereby
follows liquid level in the drainage portion 20. Therefore, varying
levels of liquid in the channel 10 moves the barrier member 26
reversibly between a first position within the channel lining 10 to
a second position where the barrier member 26 at least partially
extends from the channel lining 10. A removable channel dividing
formation 18 may also allow access to the barrier member 26 to
allow the same to be removed from the channel module 1 for
maintenance purposes, for example.
[0087] Advantageously, the channel lining 10 is adapted to collect
and transfer liquid from ground level. Surface liquid is allowed to
flow into the channel lining 10 and be transferred or drained away
in a similar manner to an existing drainage channel or gutter, an
upper opening of which is provided at ground level. Where excess
liquid, such as excess rainwater, flows from the surface into the
channel lining 10, the liquid level in the channel lining 10 rises
to enter the chamber housing 22 and move the barrier member 26
slideably mounted therein towards the second position.
[0088] Conveniently, the communicating portion 24 between the
drainage portion 20 and the chamber housing 22 below the dividing
formation 18 allows liquid to flow freely along the channel lining
10 thereby to be suitably transferred to ground or via suitable
drainage means. Liquid may continually be transferred along the
channel lining 10 below the channel dividing formation 18 whilst
the barrier member 26 is being moved by liquid filling the chamber
housing 22. The channel module 1 therefore acts as a conventional
drainage channel for any amount of surface liquid, e.g. when the
surface liquid entering the channel lining 10 is minimal and when
excess surface liquid enters the channel lining 10 and the barrier
member 26 is moved towards the second position, for example in
adverse weather conditions.
[0089] The channel module 1 advantageously provides an immediate
drain for surface liquid to flow, even where the amount of liquid
entering the channel lining 10 is not enough to sufficiently fill
the chamber housing 22 and raise the barrier member 26 mounted
therein.
[0090] Advantageously, the channel module 1 is suitable for many
applications which require protection from surface liquid, such as
domestic and commercial buildings, car parks or agricultural land.
The source of the surface liquid may include tidal watercourses,
excess rain water or accidental spillage.
[0091] The barrier member 26 has a wedge-shaped cross section
having a vertical face 30 on a protected `dry` side and an angled
face 32 on a `wet` side of the channel module 1. This arrangement
provides a strong barrier member 26 to withstand the loads exerted
thereon by surface liquid, particularly when the level of the
surface liquid is high relative to the barrier member 26 when in
the second position. The barrier member 26 is hollow and made from
a plastics material such as urethane to provide a lightweight and
particularly buoyant barrier member 26.
[0092] The barrier member 26 engages with the channel dividing
formation 18 and side wall 16 of the channel lining 10 which define
the chamber housing 22 as it moves between the first and second
positions. As shown in FIG. 5, the barrier member 26 includes
projections 52, 54 which engage in complementarily shaped recesses
(not shown) in the channel dividing formation 18 and side wall 16
respectively. This engagement guides the barrier member 26 between
the first and second positions. The engagement is a sealing
engagement to prevent liquid from the chamber housing 22 leaking
past the barrier member 26 to surface level and, in particular, the
protected side of the channel module 1. The chamber housing 22 may
be complimentarily shaped with the barrier member 26 to provide an
effective seal therebetween.
[0093] A cover 34 is fitted to the opening of the channel lining 10
having a first slot 36 provided along one side wall 14 of the
channel lining 10 for surface liquid to drain into the channel
lining 10 and a second slot 38 provided along an opposite side wall
16 of the channel lining 10 adapted to correspond with the upper
opening of the chamber housing 22 to allow the barrier member 26 to
extend from when moving towards the second position. A closure
member 35 (shown in FIG. 3) may be provided to close the second
slot 38 when the barrier member 26 is in the first position. The
closure member may be mounted to the cover 34 by a hinge or may
alternatively be integral with the barrier member 26 to rise and
fall therewith. A closure member 35 prevents the ingress of debris,
such as leaves, into the chamber housing 22 when the barrier member
26 is in the first position. The cover 34 and closure member 35
desirably provide a flat surface suitable for pedestrians to walk
over and/or vehicles to move over.
[0094] The first slot 36 in the cover 34 includes a plurality of
drainage apertures 40. The apertures 40 are equally spaced,
parallel slots. The drainage apertures 40 prevent the ingress of
debris, e.g. leaves, whilst allowing surface liquid to access the
channel lining 10. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, the first and
second slots may be covered by a separate cover 33 and closure
member 35, respectively. An intermediate cover portion 37 may be
provided between the cover 33 and closure member 35 to provide a
continuous flat surface for pedestrians to walk over and/or
vehicles to move over.
[0095] A part 13 of the base 12 of the channel lining 10 is sloped
transversely from side wall 16 towards a deepest point of the
channel lining 10 to advantageously prevent the build up of silt in
the channel lining 10 and to ensure an unobstructed path is
provided for the surface liquid entering the channel lining 10 to
flow.
[0096] The channel lining 10 may be formed from a plastics
material. A plastics material is resistant to corrosion and is
lightweight. A lightweight channel module 1 also provides for easy
installation. A suitable plastic may include urethane.
[0097] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the channel module 1 comprises
first and second end walls 42, 44 adapted to allow the first end
wall 42 of a channel module to connect to the second end wall 44 of
another channel module to allow a plurality of channels modules 1
to connect together in series to provide an elongate flood defense
system. The first end wall 42 of one channel module 1 has at least
one projecting portion 43 which is shaped to interconnect with at
least one complementarily shaped recess 45 in the second end wall
44 of another channel module 1 to allow the channel linings 10 to
connect together and provide an elongate flood defense system 50,
as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The end walls 42, 44 may comprise an
aperture 45 which allows adjacent chamber housings 22 to fluidly
connect together.
[0098] As shown in FIG. 5, the barrier members 26 include a
projection 47 extending along a first vertical side thereof which
is adapted to interconnect with a complementarily shaped recess 49
extending along a second vertical side of an adjacent barrier
member 26 of a neighbouring channel module 1. Neighbouring channel
modules 1 are fluidly connected to provide a combined drainage
channel and flood defense system 50, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
[0099] The flood defense system 50 may be provided in front of or
around an area of a building to be protected. One or more channel
modules 1 may be provided in the vicinity of weak areas of a
building, such as doors and windows, for example. Advantageously,
the module 1 or system 50 of connected modules is substantially
maintenance free due to the simplicity of its automatic
operation.
[0100] The barrier member 26 does not require support means when
moving from the first position to the second position, such as
undesirably using the building as the support means. The building
may be domestic or commercial. A system 50 of channel modules 1 may
be retrofitted around an existing building or installed when the
building is initially built. The system 50 may be provided between
flood resistant walls to provide an access point or gateway when
the barrier member 26 is in the lowered first position whilst
providing a continuous flood barrier with the walls when the
barrier member 26 is in the raised second position.
[0101] One or more sealing members may be provided to seal a gap
between adjacent barrier members 26 of neighbouring connected
channel modules 1.
[0102] To install a channel module 1, as described above, a channel
is first provided having a base and side walls extending downwardly
from a surface so as to be adapted to collect and transfer surface
liquid. The channel optionally may be lined with plastic or
concrete, for example.
[0103] Secondly, a channel module 1 as described above is provided
and installed in the channel. Two or more channel modules 1 may be
connected together to provide a flood defense system 50, as
described above. One or more sealing members may be provided to
seal a gap between adjacent barrier members 26 of neighbouring
channel modules 1 in the system 50.
* * * * *