U.S. patent application number 13/138004 was filed with the patent office on 2011-10-20 for method for a cyclical operation of coke oven banks comprised of" heat recovery" coke oven chambers.
This patent application is currently assigned to UHDE GMBH. Invention is credited to Ronald Kim.
Application Number | 20110253521 13/138004 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42199999 |
Filed Date | 2011-10-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110253521 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kim; Ronald |
October 20, 2011 |
METHOD FOR A CYCLICAL OPERATION OF COKE OVEN BANKS COMPRISED OF"
HEAT RECOVERY" COKE OVEN CHAMBERS
Abstract
A method for cyclical operation of a coke oven facility which
includes an even number of coke oven banks which in turn include an
even number of coke oven chambers is shown. Located downstream of
the coke oven banks are boiler facilities which drive turbines with
the hot waste gases from the coke oven banks. Energy is recovered
in this manner. The coke oven chambers are pushed and charged in an
exactly determined cycle so that the production of hot waste gas
over the temporal mean can be homogenized.
Inventors: |
Kim; Ronald; (Essen,
DE) |
Assignee: |
UHDE GMBH
DORTMUND
DE
|
Family ID: |
42199999 |
Appl. No.: |
13/138004 |
Filed: |
December 18, 2009 |
PCT Filed: |
December 18, 2009 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2009/009103 |
371 Date: |
June 22, 2011 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
201/17 ; 201/28;
202/104 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10B 41/00 20130101;
Y02P 20/129 20151101; F22B 1/04 20130101; C10B 15/02 20130101; F22G
7/12 20130101; C10B 45/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
201/17 ; 201/28;
202/104 |
International
Class: |
C10B 15/02 20060101
C10B015/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 22, 2008 |
DE |
10 2008 064 209.6 |
Claims
1-15. (canceled)
16. A method for cyclical operation of a sequence coke oven banks
of the "Heat Recovery" type in an even or odd number comprised of
at least four coke oven banks, comprising an even or odd number of
coke oven chambers, wherein: the coke oven banks proper comprise a
sequence of at least four coke oven chambers of the "Heat Recovery"
type; the coke oven banks are linked to a boiler system in which
the heat of hot waste gases from the coke oven banks is utilized to
generate steam; and the coke oven chambers are pushed and charged
within exactly determined time intervals from the frontal side with
a coke pusher machine into the opposite direction of a coke oven
chamber, and that directly after pushing a renewed charging of the
individual coke oven chambers and a renewed coking cycle are
accomplished, the process comprising: in a first pushing cycle the
first coke oven chamber of the first coke oven bank is initially
pushed and charged, and wherein the first coke oven chamber each of
the next but one coke oven bank is consecutively pushed and charged
until the first coke oven chamber of the last but one coke oven
bank has been pushed and charged, if the number of coke oven
chambers per coke oven bank is an even number; and in a succeeding
second pushing cycle the next coke oven chamber of the next coke
oven bank within this sequence is initially pushed and charged, and
wherein then in successive order the coke oven chamber being the
same in this sequence of the next but one coke oven bank is pushed
and charged until the coke oven chamber being the same in this
sequence of the last coke oven bank has been pushed and charged;
and in a succeeding third pushing cycle the next but one coke oven
chamber in this sequence of the first coke oven bank is pushed and
charged, and wherein then in successive order the coke oven chamber
being the same in this sequence of the next but one coke oven bank
is pushed and charged until the coke oven chamber being the same in
this sequence of the last coke oven bank has been pushed and
charged; and in a final pushing cycle the coke oven chamber being
the last one in this sequence of the first coke oven bank is pushed
and charged, and wherein then in successive order the last coke
oven chamber each of the next but one coke oven bank is pushed and
charged until the coke oven chamber being the last one in this
sequence of the last but one coke oven bank has been pushed and
charged so that: over the temporal mean of all coking cycles a very
even production of waste heat can be passed in this manner into the
boiler facilities so that the boilers can be supplied very evenly
with waste heat.
17. A method for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or odd
number of at least four coke oven banks, wherein: the coke oven
banks proper are comprised of a sequence of at least four coke oven
chambers of the "Heat Recovery" type; the coke oven banks are
linked to a boiler system in which the heat of hot waste gases from
coke oven banks is utilized to generate steam so that exactly half
the number of boiler systems is provided; and the coke oven
chambers are pushed and charged within exactly determined time
intervals from the frontal side with a coke pusher machine into the
opposite direction of a coke oven chamber, and that directly after
pushing a renewed charging of the individual coke oven chambers and
a renewed coking cycle are accomplished, comprising : pushing and
charging, in a first pushing cycle, the first coke oven chamber of
the first coke oven bank and the first coke oven chamber each of
the next but one coke oven bank is consecutively pushed and charged
until the first coke oven chamber of the last but one coke oven
bank has been pushed and charged, if the number of coke oven
chambers per coke oven bank is an even number; and pushing and
charging in a succeeding pushing cycle the first coke oven chamber
of the next coke oven bank, and wherein then in successive order
the first coke oven chamber each of the next but one coke oven bank
is pushed and charged until the first coke oven chamber of the last
coke oven bank has been pushed and charged, and pushing and
charging in a succeeding pushing cycle the coke oven chamber being
the next one in this sequence of the first coke oven bank, and then
in successive order the coke oven chamber each being the same in
this sequence of the next but one coke oven bank is pushed and
charged until the coke oven chamber being the next one in this
sequence of the last coke oven bank has been pushed and charged;
and pushing and charging in a final pushing cycle the coke oven
chamber being the last one in this sequence of the coke oven bank,
and wherein then in successive order the last coke oven chamber
each of the next but one coke oven bank is pushed and charged until
the coke oven chamber being the last one in this sequence of the
last coke oven bank has been pushed and charged; so that over the
temporal mean of all coking cycles a very even production of waste
heat can be passed in this manner into the boiler facilities so
that the boilers can be supplied very evenly with waste heat.
18. A method for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or odd
number of at least four coke oven banks, wherein the coke oven
banks proper are comprised of a sequence of at least four coke oven
chambers of the "Heat Recovery" type; the coke oven banks are
linked to a boiler system in which the heat of hot waste gases from
coke oven banks is utilized to generate steam so that exactly half
the number of boiler systems is provided; and the coke oven
chambers are pushed and charged within exactly determined time
intervals from the frontal side with a coke pusher machine into the
opposite direction of a coke oven chamber, and that directly after
pushing a renewed charging of the individual coke oven chambers and
a renewed coking cycle are accomplished, comprising: in a first
pushing cycle the first coke oven chamber of the first coke oven
bank is initially pushed and charged, and wherein the first coke
oven chamber each of the next coke oven bank is consecutively
pushed and charged until the first coke oven chamber of the last
coke oven bank has been pushed and charged, if the number of coke
oven chambers per coke oven bank is an even number; in a succeeding
pushing cycle the next but one coke oven chamber of the next coke
oven bank within this sequence is initially pushed and charged, and
wherein then in successive order the coke oven chamber being the
same in this sequence of the next coke oven bank is pushed and
charged until the coke oven chamber being the same in this sequence
of the last coke oven bank has been pushed and charged; and in a
final pushing cycle the last coke oven chamber of the first coke
oven bank is pushed and charged, and wherein then in successive
order the coke oven chamber being the last one each within this
sequence of the next coke oven bank is pushed and charged until the
last coke oven chamber of the last coke oven bank has been pushed
and charged; such that over the temporal mean of all coking cycles
a very even production of waste heat can be passed in this manner
into the boiler facilities so that the boilers can be supplied very
evenly with waste heat.
19. The method for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 16,
wherein the hot steam from the boiler systems is utilized to drive
a turbine and to generate electricity.
20. The method for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 19,
wherein the hot waste gases are passed to a desulphurization stage
after they have left the boiler system.
21. The method for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 20,
wherein the device for desulphurization is a gas scrubbing
unit.
22. The method for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 16,
wherein the hot coke is passed into a coke quenching car after
pushing, said coke quenching car being able to approach the single
coke oven chambers individually for coke pushing.
23. The method for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 22,
wherein the hot coke from the coke quenching car is passed into a
facility suitable for coke quenching, this being for example a coke
quenching tower.
24. The method for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 23,
wherein the hot coke from the coke quenching car is passed into a
facility suitable for coke quenching, this being for example a coke
dry quenching facility.
25. The method for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 16,
wherein the individual coke oven chamber ovens are charged by a
coal charging machine that can approach the single coke oven
chambers individually.
26. A device for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or odd
number of at least four coke oven banks in accordance to the method
of claim 16, wherein the number of coke oven chambers per coke oven
bank ranges between six and thirty-four.
27. The device for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 26,
wherein the number of coke oven chambers per coke oven bank amounts
to exactly fourteen.
28. The device for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 26,
wherein each coke oven bank is linked to one boiler.
29. The device for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even
number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 26,
wherein the number of coke oven banks per boiler amounts to two, so
that the boilers are linked in pairs to the coke oven banks.
30. The device for cyclical operation of a sequence of an even or
odd number of at least four coke oven banks as defined in claim 26,
wherein there are at least 6 coke oven banks, and that the number
of coke oven banks per boiler amounts to three.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a method for a cyclical operation
of coke oven chambers of the "Heat Recovery" type which form part
of coke oven banks, said operation particularly relating to the
cyclic phases of "charging-coking-pushing" and with the procedures
of pushing determining the cycle being so arranged that the
production of hot coking gases utilized according to the "Heat
Recovery" process for the production of steam and energy is evenly
distributed over the temporal mean of the entire coking process,
thus substantially improving the production of steam and energy,
and in particular of electrical energy downstream of the coking
process.
[0002] On carbonization of coal, the coking gas evolving on
carbonization can be utilized in different ways. In some design
types, the coking gas is captured and utilized in order to recover
and exploit the valuable substances contained therein, for example
aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrogen, ammonia, and methane. In other
design types, the coking gas is utilized to burn it and thereby to
generate heat which is exploited for the process of coal
carbonization. With these design types, in turn, it is possible to
pass the coking gas after combustion and exploitation of the
evolving thermal energy without any further use into the
environment. These design types are called coke ovens of the
"Non-Recovery" type. Other design types in turn utilize the waste
heat to recover steam thereof. This can be utilized, for example,
to generate electrical energy. These design types are called coke
ovens of the "Heat Recovery" type.
[0003] The arrangement of coke ovens is basically so taken that
between 6 and 34 coke ovens are grouped together to be linked to
each other in a major unit, which is also called a coke oven bank.
In this manner, the production of coke can be substantially
homogenized. Since the coke oven chambers have to be charged to
allow for production, the charging procedure can by noticeably
simplified and automated by forming groups of several coke oven
chambers.
[0004] The reason is that coal carbonization is accomplished in a
"charging-coking-pushing" phase cycle. While the coking cycle still
lingers on with some coke oven chambers, other chambers can be
charged or pushed. In this manner, a constant output of combustion
gas is also achieved. Coke pushing is accompanied outside the coke
oven chamber on the opposite side of a coke oven chamber by the
filling of a coke quenching car. In the denomination of oven
combinations the method applied is that a combination of several
coke ovens of the "Non-Recovery" type or "Heat Recovery" type is
called "oven bank". Conversely, a combination of conventional coke
ovens is called "oven battery".
[0005] WO 2006/128612 A1 describes a method for carbonization of
coal in a coke oven with combustion of coking gas, said coking gas
initially streaming into a gas space above the coke cake where it
is partly burnt with an understoichiometrical volume of supplied
combustion air. This process is called primary combustion and it
utilizes so-called primary combustion air for combustion. Partly
burnt coking gas is then passed via so-called "downcomer" channels
into a secondary heating space where it is completely burnt with
another quantity of supplied combustion air. This process is called
secondary combustion and it utilizes so-called secondary combustion
air for combustion. Thereby the lower section of the coke cake is
also heated, thus improving the coke quality. The invention lays
claim to a device and a method for homogenization of the supply of
primary combustion air into the gas space above the coke cake, so
that heat distribution in the upper section of the coke cake is
homogenized and a better coke product is thus obtained. The
invention is equally exploitable for a coke oven of the
"Non-Recovery" or "Heat Recovery" type.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,320 A describes a coke oven of the
"Heat-Recovery" type which discharges the raw coking gas from the
coke oven and burns it in a boiler system in order to generate heat
and electric power. The raw coking gas is sprayed for cleaning with
a flushing liquor and burnt in a burner where it is exploited to
generate steam and mechanical energy. This can be utilized, in
turn, to generate electrical energy. To facilitate combustion and
to avoid costly installation of compressors and measuring
equipment, a negative pressure furnished by installing a suction
blower downstream of the combustion chamber is generated in the
combustion chamber. By way of this device, the unevenness in
furnishing waste gases from coal carbonization which occurs on
operation of the described coke oven chambers is also homogenized.
But viewed over the entire period of coal carbonization,
homogenization is not complete.
[0007] Systems described hereinabove utilize the heat from coal
carbonization and from the succeeding combustion process to recover
steam and energy. But they have a drawback in that the output of
hot combustion gas over the temporal mean must nearly be completely
constant in order to ensure even supply of combustion gas to the
boilers which generate steam from the effluent heat of coal
carbonization. These boilers must be supplied with the most even
possible quantity of combustion gas in order to ensure optimal
operation of turbines and driven devices further downstream.
[0008] Viewed over a coking cycle, the output of combustion gas
from a single coke oven chamber is not constant. It is known that a
maximum quantity of raw gas is released during the initial 20% of
the coking cycle, said quantity decreasing strongly in the course
of coal carbonization. A typical quantity of hot combustion gas
measured over the time of one coking cycle of a coke oven chamber
is shown as an example in FIG. 1. Now if all coke oven chambers of
one bank were served consecutively within a short time interval,
i.e. pushed and charged, then the corresponding boiler located
further downstream would be overstressed by this instant
over-supply of hot flue gas and it would no longer work within its
optimal working range. For this reason it is of substantial
interest to configure the controlled approach to the ovens in such
a manner that only one oven each per boiler is served over the
entire time period.
[0009] A control of the quantity of combustion gas is only feasible
in a simple manner via a change in cycle times. For cost
considerations, an intermediate arrangement of tanks or accumulator
facilities for hot combustion gas is not desired. A change in cycle
times, in turn, can only be accomplished via a precisely controlled
temporal sequence of the controlled approach to the coke oven
chambers. From conventional horizontal-type coking chamber
technique, the sequence of such a controlled approach is known
under the name "pushing schedule". It is also determined by the
duration of the coal charging procedure and by the maximum travel
speed of the oven service machines. A precisely planned set-up of a
pushing schedule allows for a simple homogenization of the stream
of hot combustion gas.
[0010] Now, therefore, it is the object to provide a simple process
and method that allows for controlling the quantity of combustion
gas by changing the cycle times or the pushing schedule. Combustion
gas is understood to cover a gas, too, that is completely burnt and
streams out from a coke oven chamber. But it may also be a partly
burnt coking gas if it is burnt in the succeeding auxiliary
facilities or in the boilers.
[0011] The invention solves this task by providing a device that
combines the coke oven chambers of the "Heat Recovery" type in a
distinct number to coke oven banks and by providing a method that
controllably approaches these coke oven chambers in an exactly
determined sequence for coke pushing. Since the so-called
"charging-coking-pushing" cycle terminates with the pushing cycle,
the entire cycle for the individual coke oven chambers is
controlled with the end of this pushing cycle. The temporal
approach to the individual coke oven chambers is so accomplished
that the temporal duration of the charging and pushing procedures
performed without production of hot combustion gas is distributed
over all coke oven banks and over all coke oven chambers. Hot
combustion gas is then continually produced during the coking
cycle. Owing to the exactly controlled temporal distribution of the
cycles over all coke oven banks and coke oven chambers, the
production of hot waste gas is so homogenized that control
facilities like gas accumulator, tube switches or intermediate
tanks are no longer required.
[0012] For the execution of the inventive device, the coke oven
chambers are so configured that they are steadily linked in a
spatial integration to form coke oven banks. The spatial
integration can be accomplished in an even or odd number. A linkage
is considered to be a constructive encirclement of coke oven
chambers. It can be of any arbitrary configuration. It can be
implemented by brickwork or jacketing around. But it may also be
implemented by an intermediate wall. The term "pushing cycle" is
deemed to mean both parts of the coking cycle "pushing and
charging". Coal is preferably not preheated and directly charged
into the oven pre-warmed by the preceding coking cycle.
[0013] It is important that all coke oven chambers can be
controllably approached by one charging machine and by one pushing
machine so that the charging and pushing procedures can be executed
by one machine. Basically the charging machine is always combined
with a quenching car that can controllably approach the opening to
be charged so as to allow for a pushing procedure. The pushing
procedure is preferably so accomplished that the charging procedure
is performed by proceeding from the frontal front-end side coke
oven chamber wall while the pushing procedure is performed by
proceeding from the frontal rear-end side coke oven chamber wall.
An automation and a time-related non-retarded performance of the
individual cycles is possible in this manner.
[0014] To execute the inventive device, preferably two coke oven
banks each are connected in pairs to one boiler. For example, if
the coke oven is comprised of ten coke oven banks, then the entire
unit is comprised of five boilers. These are utilized to generate
steam and energy. The boilers are supplied with hot coking gas
coming from the coke oven banks. This is advantageously
accomplished through a piping that is linked via a collecting
device to the individual coke oven chambers.
[0015] A controlled approach to the individual coke oven chambers
for charging is so accomplished that only one coke oven chamber of
the individual coke oven bank is initially approached. For example,
this is the first coke oven chamber of a coke oven bank. To
distribute the charging procedures as evenly as possible over the
entire time duration, a coke oven chamber of the next but one third
coke oven bank is approached after approaching the first coke oven
chamber of the first coke oven bank. This is of some advantage
because another boiler (boiler number 2) is linked to the third
coke oven bank, thus avoiding an additional maximal volume flow
which would lead to an uneven supply of combustion gas into the
boilers. This proceeding is applied on all coke oven chambers of
the first coke oven chambers each of the next but one coke oven
bank each until the first coke oven chamber of the last but one
coke oven bank has been pushed and charged. These procedures
represent a first pushing cycle.
[0016] Other pushing cycles follow to charge and push the further
coke oven chambers. These will then serve the next coke oven
chamber each of the next coke oven bank each. In this manner, the
second coke oven chambers of the coke oven chambers of the second
and of the next but one coke oven chambers each are controllably
approached until the second coke oven chamber of the last coke oven
bank has been approached. In the next pushing cycle, the coke oven
banks succeeding next in this sequence are pushed and charged. For
example, these are the third coke oven chambers of the first and of
the next but one coke oven bank(s).
[0017] A controlled approach to the individual coke oven chambers
also depends on the temperature gradient in the coke oven bank. As
the coal charging procedure initially entails a temperature drop in
the oven, it is generally of some importance for a constant heat
budget of an individual oven y that the adjacent ovens y+1 and y-1
are not served immediately, i.e. a few hours, after oven y, if
possible. This would entail a temperature drop in an entire oven
bank section. It is purposive to choose the charging cycle in such
a manner that the adjacent ovens y+1 and y-1 are served only after
at least 24 hours.
[0018] If all coke oven chambers except for the last ones have been
pushed and charged, the pushing and charging of the last coke oven
chambers of the first and of the next but one coke oven bank each
is accomplished in the last cycle. In this manner, a very even
production of waste heat is passed into the boiler facilities over
the temporal mean of all coking cycles so that a very even supply
of waste heat to the boilers is feasible.
[0019] Claim is particularly laid to a method for cyclical
operation of a sequence of an even or odd number of coke oven banks
of the "Heat Recovery" type comprised of an even or odd number of
coke oven chambers, wherein [0020] the coke oven banks (1) proper
are composed of a sequence of at least four coke oven chambers of
the "Heat Recovery" type, and wherein [0021] the coke oven banks
are linked to a boiler system in which the heat of hot waste gases
from coke oven banks is utilized to generate steam, and [0022] the
coke oven chambers are pushed and charged within exactly determined
time intervals from the frontal side with a coke pusher machine
into the opposite direction of a coke oven chamber, and that
directly after pushing a renewed charging of the individual coke
oven chambers and a renewed coking cycle are accomplished, and
which is characterized in that [0023] in a first pushing cycle the
first coke oven chamber of the first coke oven bank is initially
pushed and charged, and wherein the first coke oven chamber of the
next but one coke oven bank is consecutively pushed and charged
until the first coke oven chamber of the last but one coke oven
bank has been pushed and charged, if the number of coke oven
chambers per coke oven bank is an even number, and [0024] in a
succeeding pushing cycle the next coke oven chamber of the next
coke oven bank within this sequence is initially pushed and
charged, and wherein then in successive order the coke oven chamber
being the same in this sequence of the next but one coke oven bank
is pushed and charged until the coke oven chamber being the same in
this sequence of the last coke oven bank has been pushed and
charged, and [0025] in a succeeding pushing cycle the next but one
coke oven chamber in this sequence of the first coke oven bank is
pushed and charged, and wherein then in successive order the coke
oven chamber being the same in this sequence of the next but one
coke oven bank is pushed and charged until the coke oven chamber
being the same in this sequence of the last coke oven bank has been
pushed and charged, and [0026] in a final pushing cycle the coke
oven chamber being the last one in this sequence of the first coke
oven bank is pushed and charged, and wherein then in successive
order the last coke oven chamber each of the next but one coke oven
bank is pushed and charged until the coke oven chamber being the
last one in this sequence of the last but one coke oven bank has
been pushed and charged so that [0027] a very even production of
waste heat can be passed in this manner into the boiler facilities
so that the boilers can be supplied very evenly with waste
heat.
[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the method is so devised that
relative to the coke oven banks exactly half the number of boiler
systems is existing so that these are linked in pairs to the
boilers.
[0029] This method is characterized by the term "pushing schedule
2*x/1*(x+1)/2". X represents the number of coke oven chambers per
coke oven bank. The designation 2*x indicates the difference in the
number of coke oven chambers on controlled approaching and it means
that after coke oven chamber 1 the coke oven chamber 29 (difference
28=2*14) is approached. As has been described hereinabove, this is
the first coke oven bank of the next but one coke oven chamber.
Then, in the succeeding charging cycle, the second coke oven
chamber of next coke oven bank is approached, i.e. coke oven
chamber 16 (difference 15=1*(14+1)). Finally, in the succeeding
pushing cycle, the third coke oven chamber of the first coke oven
bank is pushed (2''). With a coke oven chamber number of 14, the
pushing schedule is then called 28/15/2.
[0030] The pushing schedule may be varied. This is feasible in the
extent in which a substantial homogenization of the combustion gas
stream is effected. For example, a pushing schedule "2*x/1*x/1" is
also feasible. It would mean that [0031] in a first pushing cycle
the first coke oven chamber of the first coke oven bank is
initially pushed and charged, and wherein the first coke oven
chamber each of the next but one coke oven bank is consecutively
pushed and charged until the first coke oven chamber of the last
but one coke oven bank has been pushed and charged, if the number
of coke oven chambers per coke oven bank is an even number, and
[0032] in a succeeding pushing cycle the first coke oven chamber of
the next coke oven bank is initially pushed and charged, and
wherein then in successive order the first coke oven chamber each
of the next but one coke oven bank is pushed and charged until the
first coke oven chamber of the last coke oven bank has been pushed
and charged, and [0033] in a succeeding pushing cycle the coke oven
chamber being the next one in this sequence of the first coke oven
bank is pushed and charged, and wherein then in successive order
the coke oven chamber each being the same in this sequence of the
next but one coke oven bank is pushed and charged until the coke
oven chamber being the next one in this sequence of the last coke
oven bank has been pushed and charged, and [0034] in a final
pushing cycle the coke oven chamber being the last one in this
sequence of the next coke oven bank is pushed and charged, and
wherein then in successive order the last coke oven chamber each of
the next but one coke oven bank is pushed and charged until the
coke oven chamber being the last one in this sequence of the last
coke oven bank has been pushed and charged.
[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the method is so devised that
relative to the coke oven banks exactly half the number of boiler
systems is existing so that these are linked in pairs to the
boilers.
[0036] A simpler mode of operation consists in approaching the
first coke oven chamber of the next coke oven bank each. The
corresponding pushing schedule is then called 1*x /2'''. This
requires substantially less expenditure on movements of the
charging machine. The homogenization of the combustion gas stream,
however, will then be less. Likewise, adjacent coke oven chambers
are more strongly charged with heat. The pushing schedule means
that [0037] in a first pushing cycle the first coke oven chamber of
the first coke oven bank is initially pushed and charged, and
wherein the first coke oven chamber each of the next coke oven bank
is consecutively pushed and charged until the first coke oven
chamber of the last coke oven bank has been pushed and charged, if
the number of coke oven chambers per coke oven bank is an even
number, and [0038] in a succeeding pushing cycle the next but one
coke oven chamber of the next coke oven bank within this sequence
is initially pushed and charged, and wherein then in successive
order the coke oven chamber being the same in this sequence of the
next coke oven bank is pushed and charged until the coke oven
chamber being the same in this sequence of the last coke oven bank
has been pushed and charged, and [0039] in a final pushing cycle
the last coke oven chamber of the first coke oven bank is pushed
and charged, and wherein then in successive order the coke oven
chamber being the last one each within this sequence of the next
coke oven bank is pushed and charged until the last coke oven
chamber of the last coke oven bank has been pushed and charged.
[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the method is so devised that
relative to the coke oven banks exactly half the number of boiler
systems is existing so that these are linked in pairs to the
boilers.
[0041] In this manner, too, a homogenization of the volume of
combustion gas stream is feasible.
[0042] The boilers are utilized to generate steam in order to drive
a turbine. This propellant energy can be exploited arbitrarily. The
propellant energy is preferably exploited to generate electrical
energy. To this effect the boiler system is equipped with
appropriate devices. These devices include heater facilities,
boilers, turbines, steam separators, shafts and generators.
Supplementary facilities may also be provided, if the mechanical
energy is to be utilized in a different manner.
[0043] On passing through the boiler system, the waste gases are
preferably fed into a device for gas cleaning to minimize
environmental pollution possibly caused by the coke making process.
In particular, sulfuric compounds are removed from the waste gas
during the gas cleaning process so that the gas cleaning facility
preferably is a desulphurization facility. For example, this may be
a gas scrubbing unit applying a gas-absorbing solvent.
[0044] For charging, the coal is loaded by a coal charging car from
the frontal side into the coke oven chamber. As a result of the
preceding coking process, it is still hot so that no other
procedures for coal carbonization are required. At the beginning of
the coking process, the door is closed. After the coking process,
the coke is removed from the coke oven chamber. Depending on the
coal cake height, charging density, and coke oven type, the coking
process basically takes approx. 20 to 90 hours. In an advantageous
embodiment of the present invention, pushing is effected towards
the other side of the coke oven chamber. Coke oven chamber doors
easy and quickly to handle are located on either side of the coke
oven chamber.
[0045] Upon charging, hot coke is pushed into a coke quenching car.
To execute the invention, it can approach the single coke oven
chambers individually. The coke quenching car may be provided with
a cooling facility. But to be able to quickly execute the
discharging processes, it is preferably equipped with a facility
for protection from high temperatures. After pushing and
discharging of the hot coke, it is preferably passed with the
quenching car into a completely cooling facility. For example, this
is a coke quenching tower. But it may also be, for example, a coke
dry quenching facility.
[0046] To execute the inventive method, the coke oven chambers are
combined in even or odd number to coke oven banks. In the inventive
embodiment, the coke oven bank is preferably comprised of 6 to 34
coke oven chambers. In a particularly preferred version of the
inventive embodiment, the coke oven bank is exactly comprised of 10
to 18 coke oven chambers. In a typical embodiment, the coke oven
bank is comprised of 14 coke oven chambers. To supply the boilers
or boiler facilities with hot waste gas, they are preferably linked
to pairs of coke oven banks. This is accomplished via pipelines and
appropriate collecting facilities. In theory, however, it is also
conceivable to link the boilers or boiler facilities to three coke
oven banks each, but in this case the distribution of hot gas is
much more difficult. Preferably one boiler is linked to two coke
oven banks. However, it is also conceivable to link one boiler to
one, three or more coke oven banks.
[0047] The inventive method provides the benefit of a uniform
supply of hot combustion gas to boilers or boiler facilities of
coke oven systems. Consequently, the generation of steam by the
boiler systems is substantially homogenized. As a result hereof,
the generation of electrical energy is much easier. The output of
contaminants and pollutants from a coke oven system is thus reduced
noticeably. If electrical power is generated by the inventive
process, then the generation of electrical power, too, is
homogenized and optimized.
[0048] The inventive configuration of a method for carbonization of
coal is explained in greater detail by way of five drawings, with
the inventive method not being restricted to this embodiment.
[0049] FIG. 1 shows the quantity of raw gas from a coke oven that
typically evolved in a coking cycle. FIG. 2 shows a cycle schedule
of charging procedures for coke oven chambers that are linked in
pairs to a system of boilers, with said cycle schedule having been
set-up according to a 2*x/1*(x+1)/2'' pushing schedule. FIG. 3
shows a cycle schedule of charging procedures for coke oven
chambers that are linked in pairs to a system of boilers, with said
cycle schedule having been set-up according to the 2*x/1*x/1''
pushing schedule. FIG. 4 shows a cycle schedule of charging
procedures for coke oven chambers that are linked in pairs to a
system of boilers, with the cycle schedule obeying to the 1*x/2''
pushing schedule. FIG. 5 shows an inventive arrangement of coke
oven banks in a coking system with boilers and downstream arranged
auxiliary facilities.
[0050] FIG. 1 shows the raw gas quantity of coking gas evolving on
coal carbonization above the coke cake and mainly comprised of
hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and water steam constituents.
It is determined in volumetric units of standard cubic meters per
hour over the entire time of the coking cycle. The raw gas quantity
is directly proportional to the quantity of completely burnt coking
gas that streams-in as combustion gas from a coke oven chamber.
[0051] FIG. 2 shows a cycle schedule for the
"charging-coking-pushing" cycle with the 28/15/2'' pushing
schedule. Each little rectangular square represents a coke oven
chamber arranged in the coke oven bank. The individual coke oven
banks are enumerated in the first line of the graphical
representation and vertically confined by the beams. These bear a
numbering from 1 to 10. Each coke oven bank is comprised of 14 coke
oven chambers; these are numbered in the second line and bear a
numbering from 1 to 140. The time periods of the individual cycles
are indicated in the third and fourth line (fractions of an hour
and hours, display in minutes). The second column at right from the
fifth column on indicates a campaign cycle of the pusher machine.
To begin with, the first coke oven chamber of the first coke oven
bank is pushed. Next the first coke oven chamber of the third coke
oven bank, and then the first coke oven chamber of the fifth, and
then the first coke oven chamber of the seventh and finally the
first coke oven chamber of the ninth coke oven bank is pushed. Next
the second pushing cycle starts. It commences with the second coke
oven chamber of the second coke oven bank. Then the second coke
oven chamber of the fourth coke oven bank is pushed. The third
pushing cycle starts upon the end of this cycle. It commences with
the third coke oven chamber of the first coke oven bank. Finally,
in the last pushing cycle, the last coke oven chamber of the first
coke oven bank is pushed. Ultimately, coke oven chamber number 126,
the last coke oven chamber of the ninth coke oven bank, is pushed.
In this manner, a very uniform distribution of the cycles over the
entire coking facility is achieved.
[0052] FIG. 3 shows another cycle schedule for the
"charging-coking-pushing" cycle with the "28/14/1" pushing
schedule. To begin with, the first coke oven chamber of the first
coke oven bank is pushed. Next the first coke oven chamber of the
third coke oven bank, and then the first coke oven chamber of the
fifth, and then the first coke oven chamber of the seventh and
finally the first coke oven chamber of the ninth coke oven bank is
pushed. Next the second pushing cycle starts. It commences with the
first coke oven chamber of the second coke oven bank. Then the
first coke oven chamber of the fourth coke oven bank is pushed. The
third pushing cycle starts upon the end of this cycle. It commences
with the second coke oven chamber of the first coke oven bank.
Finally, in the last pushing cycle, the last coke oven chamber of
the second coke oven bank is pushed. Ultimately, coke oven chamber
number 140, the last coke oven chamber of the last coke oven bank,
is pushed.
[0053] In this manner, a very uniform distribution of the cycles
over the entire coking facility is also achieved.
[0054] FIG. 4 shows another cycle schedule for the
"charging-coking-pushing" cycle with the "14/2" pushing schedule.
To begin with, the first coke oven chamber of the first coke oven
bank is pushed. Next the first coke oven chamber of the second coke
oven bank is pushed and charged until the first coke oven chamber
of the last coke oven bank has been pushed. The second pushing
cycle starts next. It commences with the third coke oven chamber of
the first coke oven bank. Finally, coke oven chamber number 140,
the last coke oven chamber of the last coke oven bank, is pushed.
Applying this pushing schedule allows for a simple mode of
operation of the pusher machine and enables a uniform distribution
of the cycles over the entire coking facility.
[0055] FIG. 5 shows an inventive coke oven arrangement including
the boiler systems and the associated auxiliary devices. Shown here
are the coke oven banks (1) I to X and the boilers facilities (2) A
to E associated therewith. These are linked in pairs via supply
lines (3) to the coke oven banks (1) including the associated
supply facilities. They supply the boiler facilities (2) with hot
waste gas. The boilers (2) supply steam energy to turbines located
downstream. The cooled and flashed waste gas streaming from the
boilers flows via waste gas lines (4) and is passed into a gas
cleaning facility (5). A fan (6) generates a negative pressure in
order to facilitate off-streaming. Waste gases are then passed
through a waste gas line into a waste gas chimney (7). The charging
machine (8) is also shown here. It supplies the coke oven chambers
(1) of the coke oven banks (2) with coal, said charging machine
being fed with coal from a compacting facility (9) and a coal
reservoir (10). The charging machine (8) may be followed by a
pusher machine (11) which pushes the coke from the coke oven
chambers. Finally, the coke quenching car (12) is shown here, too.
It discharges the individual coke oven chambers and carries the
coke into a coke quenching tower (13). Appropriate storage
facilities (14) are located downstream.
LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS
[0056] 1 Coke oven bank [0057] 2 Boiler [0058] 3 Supply line [0059]
4 Waste gas line [0060] 5 Gas cleaning facility [0061] 6 Fan [0062]
7 Waste gas chimney [0063] 8 Charging machine [0064] 9 Compacting
facility [0065] 10 Coal reservoir container [0066] 11 Pushing
machine [0067] 12 Coke quenching car [0068] 13 Coke Quenching Tower
[0069] 14 Storage facilities
* * * * *