U.S. patent application number 13/113850 was filed with the patent office on 2011-09-15 for shooting calibration systems and methods.
This patent application is currently assigned to HORUS VISION, LLC. Invention is credited to Dennis J. Sammut.
Application Number | 20110219634 13/113850 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39827266 |
Filed Date | 2011-09-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110219634 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sammut; Dennis J. |
September 15, 2011 |
Shooting Calibration Systems And Methods
Abstract
The present invention relates to target acquisition and related
systems and devices, and more particularly to telescopic gunsights
and associated equipment used to achieve shooting accuracy at, for
example, close ranges, medium ranges and extreme ranges. The
present invention also provides targets and methods of using the
systems to achieve enhanced shooting accuracy.
Inventors: |
Sammut; Dennis J.;
(Woodside, CA) |
Assignee: |
HORUS VISION, LLC
San Bruno
CA
|
Family ID: |
39827266 |
Appl. No.: |
13/113850 |
Filed: |
May 23, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12768359 |
Apr 27, 2010 |
7946048 |
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13113850 |
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11972041 |
Jan 10, 2008 |
7712225 |
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12768359 |
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60879735 |
Jan 10, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
33/506 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41G 3/323 20130101;
F41J 5/00 20130101; F41G 1/54 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
33/506 |
International
Class: |
F41J 1/00 20060101
F41J001/00 |
Claims
1. A method for shooting calibration, comprising: a.) providing a
target comprising markings configured to assess: i.) initial
zeroing of a firearm; ii.) accuracy of a plurality of elevation
adjustments at a predetermined distance from the shooter; and iii.)
markings configured to assess cant; and b.) shooting at said target
with a firearm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of shots are
taken.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein at least one of said plurality of
shots is taken to assess zero position.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein at least two of said plurality of
shots are taken with different elevation adjustments.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein at least two of said plurality of
shots are taken with different windage adjustments.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein said plurality of shots comprises
a series of shots of increasing elevation adjustments, followed by
a series of shots of decreasing elevation adjustments.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein cant is validated after said
shots are taken.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein results of said shots are
recorded.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein information about said firearm or
shooter is further recorded.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein said target is placed at said
predefined range from a shooter at a target range.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said target range employs a
plurality of said targets.
12. A set of targets comprising two or more targets comprising
markings configured to assess: a.) initial zeroing of a firearm;
b.) accuracy of a plurality of elevation adjustments at a
predetermined distance from the shooter; and c.) markings
configured to assess cant.
13. A shooting system, comprising: a.) a target of claim 1; and b.)
one or more shooting devices.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein said one or more shooting
devices are selected from the group consisting of: a riflescope, a
reticle, a firearm, ballistics software, a spotting scope, a cant
indicator, a computing device, a laser, night-vision equipment, and
a device that measures or calculates an environment condition.
15. A method for shooting calibration, comprising: a.) providing a
target, comprising: i.) two or more zones, each of said two or more
zones having markings configured to assess accuracy of a plurality
of elevation adjustments of a target acquisition device at a single
predetermined distance from the shooter; and ii.) markings
configured to assess cant; and b.) shooting at said target with a
firearm.
16. A method for shooting calibration, comprising: a.) providing a
target comprising markings configured to assess: i.) initial
zeroing of a firearm; ii.) accuracy of a plurality of elevation
adjustments at a predetermined distance from the shooter; and iii.)
one or more markings that define a bull's-eye wherein said markings
comprise primary vertical and horizontal lines intersecting on said
target, and a plurality of secondary horizontal lines at defined
unit increments above and below said primary horizontal lines, said
increments defined by said elevation adjustments, and wherein a
plurality of said bull's-eye markings are positioned at predefined
distances along said secondary horizontal lines; and b.) shooting
at said target with a firearm.
17. The method of claim 1, claim 15 or claim 16, wherein said
target has an external shape that is not square or rectangular.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein said external shape comprises a
plurality of edges that are not parallel or perpendicular with any
other edge.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 12/768,359 filed Apr. 27, 2010, which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/972,041 filed
Jan. 10, 2008, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S.
provisional application Ser. No. 60/879,735 filed Jan. 10, 2007,
each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their
entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to target acquisition and
related systems and devices, and more particularly to telescopic
gunsights and associated equipment used to achieve shooting
accuracy at, for example, close ranges, medium ranges and extreme
ranges. The present invention also provides methods of using the
systems for to achieve enhanced shooting accuracy.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] All shooters, whether they are police officers, soldiers,
Olympic shooters, sportswomen and sportsmen, hunters, plinkers, or
weekend enthusiasts have one common goal: hitting their target
accurately and consistently. Accuracy and consistency in shooting
depend largely on the skill of the shooter and the construction of
the firearm and projectile.
[0004] The accuracy of a firearm can be enhanced by the use of
precisely made components, including precisely-made ammunition,
firearm components and target acquisition devices. It is well known
in shooting that using ammunition in which the propellant weight
and type, bullet weight and dimensions, and cartridge dimensions
are held within very strict limits, can improve accuracy in
shooting.
[0005] At very long ranges, in excess of 500 yards, however, the
skill of the shooter and the consistency of the ammunition is often
not enough to insure that the shooter will hit the target. As range
increases, other factors can affect the flight of the bullet and
the point of impact down range.
[0006] Other factors, such as wind, Magnus effect (i.e., a lateral
thrust exerted by wind on a rotating bullet whose axis is
perpendicular to the wind direction), projectile design, projectile
spin, Coriolis effect, and the idiosyncrasies of the weapon or
projectile can change the projectile's path over long range. Such
effects are generally referred to as "windage" effects. Therefore,
for example, to hit a target at long range, it may be necessary to
correct for windage by moving the barrel of the weapon slightly to
the left or the right to compensate for windage effects. When
shooting East and West the elevation will be effected. Shooting due
East, the bullet impact will be high. Shooting due West, the bullet
impact will be low. The elevation at extended range might change
slightly up or down depending on the spin of the projectile in a
right hand or left hand twist barrel. Thus, for example, in order
to hit a target at long range, the shooter must see the target,
accurately estimate the range to the target, estimate the effect of
bullet drop and windage effects on the projectile, and use this
information to properly position the barrel of the firearm prior to
squeezing the trigger.
[0007] In addition, conventional telescopic target acquisition
devices are not generally useful at long ranges in excess of
400-800 yards. At close ranges less than 100 yards conventional
target acquisition devices generally fall short when extreme
accuracy is desired. The cross-hairs of such target acquisition
devices are typically located in the center of the field, with the
vertical hair providing a central indicator for making a windage
adjustment, and the horizontal hair providing a central indicator
for making a bullet drop adjustment. Modifications to this basic
system have not, thus far, enabled a skilled shooter firing at long
ranges to acquire and hit a target quickly and reliably, regardless
of the weapon used (assuming always that the firearm is capable of
reaching a target at the desired long range).
[0008] Regardless of range, and even with the best equipments,
shooters seek to improve accuracy. Improvement may involve becoming
familiar with a particular shooting system (weapon, scope,
software, other accessories, etc.) and/or with a particular
environment (e.g., distance, weather conditions, lighting,
elevation, etc.).
[0009] What are needed are improved systems and methods for
enhancing the accuracy of a shooter and for allowing a shooter to
maintain accuracy and precision and/or to continuously improve
accuracy and precision. Ideally, the systems and methods are useful
across a wide range of different shooting systems and
environments.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The present invention relates to target acquisition and
related systems and devices, and more particularly to telescopic
gunsights and associated equipment used to achieve shooting
accuracy at, for example, close ranges, medium ranges and extreme
ranges. The present invention also provides methods of using the
systems for to achieve enhanced shooting accuracy. The systems and
methods of the present invention permit a shooter to determine the
shooting parameters of their particular system and to accommodate
unique characteristics of the shooting system. The systems and
methods of the invention provide an empiric solution to determine
inherent and non-inherent problems associated with a shooting
system or shooter, and to improve accuracy and precision,
regardless of the cause of the problem.
[0011] In some embodiments, the system and method enable a shooter
to collect data by shooting at a predetermined distance, whereby
the information gained has direct value for improved shooting at
much longer or shorter ranges without having to shoot at the longer
or shorter ranges.
[0012] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a
target. The target may be provided alone, as part of a set of
targets (the same or different targets), and/or as part of a
shooting system comprising other components. In some embodiments,
the set of targets is provided on a shared medium, for example,
paper or metal. In other embodiments, the set of targets is
provided in mixed media. In still further embodiments, the target
or set of targets is provided on computer readable media for the
user to prepare a target surface, for example, by printing.
[0013] In some embodiments, the target is configured for shooting
calibration and comprises marking configured to assess initial
zeroing of a firearm. In some embodiments, the target also has
marking configured to assess accuracy of a plurality of elevation
adjustments. Preferably, the target and its markings are configured
for use at a single or one or more predetermined distances from the
shooter.
[0014] In some embodiments, the marking comprises primary vertical
and horizontal lines intersecting (e.g., at a central position on
the target), and a plurality of secondary horizontal lines at
defined unit increments above and below the primary horizontal
lines. In some embodiments, the primary vertical and horizontal
lines intersect in a targeting box. In other embodiments, the
primary vertical and horizontal lines are even in thickness within
and outside of the targeting box. In further embodiments, the
primary vertical and horizontal lines are uneven in thickness
within and outside of the targeting box. In further embodiments,
the primary vertical and horizontal lines and targeting box are
configured to be visible at a specified distance, wherein secondary
lines are not visible to the unaided vision of the user, or to the
vision of the user aided by a specific target acquisition device.
In some embodiments, the primary vertical and horizontal lines are
solid lines. In other embodiments, the primary vertical and
horizontal lines comprise smaller lines configured to appear as
solid lines at a specified distance.
[0015] In some embodiments, the increments are defined by the
elevation adjustments (e.g., defined by unit distances
corresponding to elevation units of a particular target acquisition
device used with the firearm). In some embodiments, the marking
comprise numerical unit measurements, labeling the secondary lines.
In some embodiments, the target further comprises a plurality of
secondary vertical lines. In some embodiments, the secondary
vertical lines are at defined unit increments to the left and right
of the primary vertical line, the increments defined by windage
adjustments. One or more of the secondary horizontal or vertical
lines may be visible or invisible to the shooter at the
predetermined distance (e.g., are of a thickness to be visible or
not visible at the distance). In some embodiments, one or more of
the intersections between the secondary vertical and horizontal
lines are marked by a symbol. In other embodiments, the symbol
marking the intersection between one or more secondary vertical and
horizontal lines is a circle or one or more concentric circles. In
some embodiments, the primary and secondary vertical and horizontal
lines are evenly spaced. In other embodiments, the primary and
secondary vertical and horizontal lines are unevenly spaced. In
further embodiments, the primary and secondary vertical and
horizontal are evenly and unevenly spaced in different zones of the
target.
[0016] In some embodiments, the primary and secondary vertical and
horizontal lines are continuous. In other embodiments, the primary
and secondary vertical and horizontal lines are discontinuous. In
further embodiments the primary and secondary vertical and
horizontal lines are continuous and discontinuous in different
zones of the target. In some embodiments, the discontinuous primary
and secondary vertical and horizontal lines are interrupted at even
intervals. In other embodiments, the discontinuous primary and
secondary vertical and horizontal lines are interrupted at uneven
intervals. In some embodiments, the primary and secondary vertical
and horizontal lines comprise markings, for example, dots,
triangles, squares, short lines, or rectangles in a linear
orientation. In some embodiments, the markings are evenly spaced.
In other embodiments, the markings are unevenly spaced. In other
embodiments, the markings are filled. In further embodiments, the
markings are unfilled. In other embodiments, the markings are black
or white. In further embodiments, the markings are colored. In
further embodiments, the primary and secondary vertical and
horizontal lines comprise different markings in different zones of
the target.
[0017] In some embodiments, the elevation and windage adjustments
of the present invention comprise "clicks" of elevation and windage
turret knobs of riflescope-type target acquisition devices. In
other embodiments, the elevation, windage and cant adjustments of
the present invention comprise modifications of analog or digital
representations of the relationship between one or more aiming
points of the target acquisition device and the target. The
adjustments are not limited by any particular target acquisition
device, or any particular mechanism of adjustment. In some
embodiments, the adjustments are discrete. In other embodiments,
the adjustments are continuous.
[0018] In some embodiments, the target further comprises marking
that allow assessment of (e.g. validation of) cant. For example,
the target may comprise an arc line, with or without numerical
labeling, that permits the shooter to determine cant error. In some
embodiments, the arc line is positioned such that its relative
position to a shot that hits the target, reveals can error.
[0019] In some embodiments, the target further comprises markings
that provide one or more bull's-eye markings The bull's-eye
markings may be of any size or shape desired (e.g., circles,
squares, other geometric shapes, other shapes). In some
embodiments, the bull's-eye comprises one or more circular shapes
(e.g., concentric circles). In some embodiments, a plurality of
bull's-eyes are provided on the target, at, for example, the zero
position, along the primary horizontal or vertical lines (e.g., a
predetermined distances), or along secondary horizontal or vertical
lines (e.g., a predetermined distances).
[0020] In some embodiments, the target comprises two or more zones.
In some embodiments, each zone has primary horizontal and vertical
lines and/or any of the other markings described herein. In some
embodiments, the target has two zones. In some embodiments, the
target has three or more zones.
[0021] In some embodiments, the target comprises a zone for
recording, including, but not limited to, shooting result
information, information about the firearm, scope, reticle,
cartridge, or other component of a shooting system that is used,
information about the shooter, time, date, environmental
conditions, lighting information, and the like. In some
embodiments, the information comprises, but is not limited to, the
date and time of shooting, the temperature, wind direction and
distance, barometric pressure, the distance to the target, the
rile, the rifle's caliber and serial number, the bullet make,
weight, type, case length, powder used, primer used, group serial
number of ammunition, chronograph velocity data, number of rounds
fired and results.
[0022] In some embodiments, the external shape of the target is
square or rectangular. In some embodiments, the external shape of
the target is not square or rectangular. In other embodiments, the
target is a circle. In further embodiments, the targets may be any
geometric shape. The target is not limited by any particular shape.
In some embodiments, the outer edge comprises a plurality of edges
that are not parallel or perpendicular to any other edge.
[0023] The targets may be made of any type of material, including,
but not limited to, paper, cardboard, fabric, metal, wood, ceramic,
silicon, and the like. In some embodiments, the target is provided
on a surface, for example, by printing or etching. In other
embodiments, the target is projected on a surface from, for
example, ahead of the surface, behind the surface, above the
surface or below the surface. In further embodiments, the target is
projected, for example, from the user or from behind the user. In
some embodiments one or more sensors (e.g., pressure sensors, video
equipments, etc.) is associated with the target to assess shooting.
In some embodiments, software of computing equipment is used to
collect shooting data, analyze data, store data, and/or report on
data. Any one or more of the markings may be made via any method
including, but not limited to, inking, etching, image projection,
and the like. In some embodiments, the target is provided in a form
that allows it to be easily stored or transported (e.g., in a
rolled-up form).
[0024] In some embodiments, markings on the target are configured
specifically for a particular shooting system employed by the
shooter. For example, marking may account for non-linear
adjustments of a particular scope, changes over time with a
particular system, and the like. Thus, in some embodiments, the
targets permit the shooter to monitor changes over time and either
gain skill in view of those changes, or make appropriate repairs or
alterations of the system, or discard the system. In other words,
the system allows one to know about problems and account for them
in a variety of ways.
[0025] In some embodiments, the predetermined distance between the
target and shooter is 100 yards or 100 meters, although both longer
and shorter distances may be used or a combination of different
distances may be used. In other embodiments, a target configured
for use at a specific distance may also be used at another distance
with the point of impact calculated by a multiple of the specified
distance.
[0026] The present invention provides sets of targets. The sets may
contain one or more of a particular target type, as well as
providing different target types, such as the various exemplary
types described herein. In some embodiments, a first target in the
set is configured for zero assessment; a second target in the set
is configured to validate accuracy and repeatability of adjustment
of elevation adjustment knobs on a scope, and a third target in the
set is configured to validate the accuracy and repeatability of
adjustments of both elevation and windage.
[0027] The sets of targets or individual targets may be provided
with instructions for use, including, but not limited, instructions
for carrying out any of the methods described herein.
[0028] In some embodiments, the target is provided as part of a
shooting system. The system may comprise the target and any one or
more shooting devices and components, including, but not limited
to, a riflescope, a reticle, a firearm, ballistics software, a
spotting scope, a cant indicator, a computing device, a laser,
night-vision equipment, and a device that measures or calculates an
environment condition. Other shooting system components are
described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,681,512, 6,516,699, 6,453,595,
6,032,374, and 5,920,995, U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2005/0021282, and
pending applications U.S. Ser. No. 10/579,119, 11/389,723, and
60/763,233, herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
The targets of the present invention are configured to work with
standard reticles or custom reticles.
[0029] The present invention also provides methods of using the
targets, sets of targets, and shooting systems of the invention. A
variety of methods are described herein, although the present
invention is not limited by these methods. Using the targets of the
invention, one can take one or more shots to obtain useful
information about a shooting system. In some embodiments, one or
more shots are taken to assess zero position. In some embodiments,
a plurality of shots are taken with different elevation and/or
windage adjustments (e.g., using each increment, skipping
increments, climbing up, climbing down, jumping back and forth,
etc.). In some embodiments, cant is assessed or validated.
[0030] The systems and methods of the invention may be used in any
desired setting. For example, they may be used on training ranges
for recreational or professional use (e.g., police, military,
etc.). They may be used of properly calibrate a shooting system.
They may be used to train a shooter to better deal with
non-linearity or other inherent or acquired problems associated
with the shooting system or that are relevant to particular
shooting environments or conditions.
Definitions
[0031] As used herein, the term "firearm" refers to any device that
propels an object or projectile, for example, in a controllable
flat fire, line of sight, or line of departure, for example,
handguns, pistols, rifles, shotgun slug guns, muzzleloader rifles,
single shot rifles, semi-automatic rifles and fully automatic
rifles of any caliber direction through any media. As used herein,
the term "firearm" also refers to a remote, servo-controlled
firearm wherein the firearm has auto-sensing of both position and
directional barrel orientation. The shooter is able to position the
firearm in one location, and move to a second location for target
image acquisition and aiming. As used herein, the term "firearm"
also refers to chain guns, belt-feed guns, machine guns, and
Gattling guns. As used herein, the term firearm also refers to high
elevation, and over-the-horizon, projectile propulsion devices, for
example, artillery, mortars, canons, tank canons or rail guns of
any caliber.
[0032] As used herein, the term "cartridge" refers, for example, to
a projectile comprising a primer, explosive propellant, a casing
and a bullet, or, for example, to a hybrid projectile lacking a
casing, or, for example, to a muzzle-loaded projectile, compressed
gas or air-powered projectile, or magnetic attraction or repulsion
projectile, etc. In one embodiment of the present invention, the
projectile travels at subsonic speed. In a further embodiment of
the present invention, the projectile travels at supersonic speed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shooter is
able to shift between subsonic and supersonic projectiles without
recalibration of the scope, with reference to range cards specific
to the subsonic or supersonic projectile.
[0033] As used herein, the term "target acquisition device" refers
to an apparatus used by the shooter to select, identify or monitor
a target. The target acquisition device may rely on visual
observation of the target, or, for example, on infrared (IR),
ultraviolet (UV), radar, thermal, microwave, or magnetic imaging,
radiation including X-ray, gamma ray, isotope and particle
radiation, night vision, vibrational receptors including
ultra-sound, sound pulse, sonar, seismic vibrations, magnetic
resonance, gravitational receptors, broadcast frequencies including
radio wave, television and cellular receptors, or other image of
the target. The image of the target presented to the shooter by the
target acquisition device may be unaltered, or it may be enhanced,
for example, by magnification, amplification, subtraction,
superimposition, filtration, stabilization, template matching, or
other means finding use in the present invention. In some
embodiments, the target image presented to the shooter by the
target acquisition device is compared to a database of images
stored, for example, on a medium that is readable by a ballistics
calculator system. In this fashion, the ballistics calculator
system performs a match or no-match analysis of the target or
targets. The target selected, identified or monitored by the target
acquisition device may be within the line of sight of the shooter,
or tangential to the sight of the shooter, or the shooter's line of
sight may be obstructed while the target acquisition device
presents a focused image of the target to the shooter. The image of
the target acquired by the target acquisition device may be, for
example, analog or digital, and shared, stored, archived, or
transmitted within a network of one or more shooters and spotters
by, for example, video, physical cable or wire, IR, radio wave,
cellular connections, laser pulse, optical, 802.11 b or other
wireless transmission using, for example, protocols such as html,
SML, SOAP, X.25, SNA, etc., Bluetooth.TM., Serial, USB or other
suitable image distribution method. With reference to a riflescope,
as used herein a "target acquisition device" may function as a
fixed target acquisition device, a first focal plane target
acquisition device, or a second focal plane target acquisition
device.
[0034] As used herein, the term "ballistics calculator system"
refers to a targeting system that may be, for example, analog or
digital, which provides the shooter a solution for the trajectory
of a projectile.
[0035] As used herein, the term "lens" refers to an object by means
of which light rays, thermal, sonar, infrared, ultraviolet,
microwave or radiation of other wavelength is focused or otherwise
projected to form an image. It is well known in the art to make
lenses from either a single piece of glass or other optical
material (such as transparent plastic) which has been
conventionally ground and polished to focus light, or from two or
more pieces of such material mounted together, for example, with
optically transparent adhesive and the like to focus light.
Accordingly, the term "lens" as used herein is intended to cover a
lens constructed from a single piece of optical glass or other
material, or multiple pieces of optical glass or other material
(for example, an achromatic lens), or from more than one piece
mounted together to focus light, or from other material capable of
focusing light. Any lens technology now known or later developed
finds use with the present invention. For example, any lens based
on digital, hydrostatic, ionic, electronic, magnetic energy fields,
component, composite, plasma, adoptive lens, or other related
technologies may be used. Additionally, moveable or adjustable
lenses may be used.
[0036] As used herein, the terms "rifleman" and "shooter" refer to
any person using the targets of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0037] FIG. 1 depicts a target according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0038] FIG. 2 depicts a target according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0039] FIG. 3 depicts a target according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0040] FIG. 4 depicts a target according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0041] FIG. 5 depicts a close-up view of a target according to an
embodiment of the present invention.
[0042] FIG. 6 depicts a target according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0043] FIG. 7 depicts a target according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0044] FIG. 8 depicts a target according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0045] FIG. 9 depicts a data card according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0046] FIG. 10 depicts a data card according to an embodiment of
the present invention.
[0047] FIG. 11 depicts a target according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0048] FIG. 12 depicts a close-up view of a target according to an
embodiment of the present invention.
[0049] FIG. 13 depicts a close-up view of a target according to an
embodiment of the present invention.
[0050] FIG. 14 depicts two targets according to an embodiment of
the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0051] Poor shooting is often caused by lack of scope calibration
or a failure to otherwise properly set or adjust one or more
components of the shooting system that is employed. Poor shooting
may also result from a lack of familiarity with a particular
shooting system or lack of familiarity under particular shooting
conditions, even with a familiar, properly adjusted system. For
example, subtle differences even among individual products of a
particular model may cause shooting error for a shooter familiar
with one specific product. The present invention provides systems
and methods that permit proper calibration of shooting systems and
that provide training means, allowing a shooter to enhance shooting
skills under a variety of conditions (e.g., shooting
distances).
[0052] The systems and methods of the present invention may be used
with a wide variety of shooting systems. Conventional rifles and
scopes may be used. Likewise, more complex and advanced shooting
systems may be used, including, but not limited to those described
in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,681,512, 6,516,699, 6,453,595, 6,032,374, and
U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,995, U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2005/0021282, and
pending applications U.S. Ser. Nos. 10/579,119, 11/389,723, and
60/763,233, herein incorporated by reference in their
entireties.
[0053] In some embodiments, the targets of the present invention
are use to confirm the calibration of a shooting system. To
calibrate the shooting system, in some preferred embodiments, the
shooter first determines the ballistics based upon the
characteristics of the weapon and ammunition to be used.
Calibration for range and distance to target can follow many
methods. For example, manual methods of calibration require no
computer, involve trial and error by the shooter, and provide back
up when higher technology-based methods fail or are not available.
Computer-based calibration of the target acquisition device and
reticle may be performed, for example, on desktop, laptop, and
handheld personal computing systems. The systems and methods of the
present invention may be used with any such systems for enhanced
calibration. In some embodiments, the targets of the present
invention are used to calibrate riflescopes that integrate night
vision or thermal devices.
[0054] When the subject of riflescopes is discussed, the primary
focus is on external looks, dimensions, weight, reticle, image
resolution, power range, and similar physical characteristics.
There is little discussion that evaluates a particular riflescope
or discusses studies on a group of a riflescopes and their ability
to accurately respond to elevation and windage knob adjustments or
other calibrations or settings.
[0055] Since long range shooting typically requires elevation and
windage adjustments to accurately engage distant targets, it is
apparent that a riflescope's elevation and windage adjustment knobs
have to yield precise and accurate adjustments. When a shooter
engages distant targets and misses, the shooter often blames the
ammunition, the rifle, and finally themselves. The riflescope is
almost never looked at as contributing to errors. The rifleman
often has spent a lot of money on the riflescope. The shooter often
falsely assumes that the riflescope is a perfectly calibrated
optical instrument for shooting. It is noteworthy to mention that
many police departments and military units have never calibrated
their tactical riflescopes.
[0056] The present invention provides systems and methods that can
be provided using affordable materials. These systems and methods
permit a shoot to properly calibrate their shooting systems and to
master shooting with the calibrated system.
[0057] Certain specific embodiments of the invention are described
below to illustrate the invention. It should be understood that the
invention is not limited to these illustrative embodiments. Skilled
artisans will appreciate a wide variety of other variations of the
invention based on the description herein and knowledge in the
art.
[0058] The embodiments described in detail below provide a target
specifically designed to be used at 100 yards/meters. It should be
understood that any distance may be selected. With the targets of
the present invention target, one need not use targets at longer
distances (e.g., 500, 1000, 2000 yard/meter, etc.) to calibrate and
optimize shooting at the other distances, although use of multiple
targets at different distances is contemplated.
[0059] While originally developed to permit highly optimized
shooting system calibration of elevation and windage adjustments,
experiments conducted during the development of the invention
demonstrated additional value in identifying and avoiding other
problems with (e.g., cant).
[0060] To obtain optimal results using the present invention, the
firearm should be in good operating condition, should be properly
cleaned, and should have all screws tightened to the proper torque,
including the scope base and rings, although these are not
requirements. In preferred embodiments, ammunition should be
selected that consistently shoots 1 MOA (minute of angle) or less
(or equivalent), preferably 1/2 MOA, at 100 yards or 100 meters.
The shooter should obtain an accurate muzzle velocity value for the
selected firearm and ammunition.
[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, a properly
calibrated shooting range is prepared. In some embodiments, the
distance from the shooter to the target is either 100 yards or 100
meters. For example, some embodiments of the invention are
optimized for use with a standard 100-yard range that is calibrated
for shooting in English measurement increments, such as most
civilian ranges and many police ranges. Other embodiments of the
invention are optimized for use with a standard 100-meter range
that is calibrated for shooting in metric measurement increments,
such as most military ranges, some police ranges, and many federal
agency ranges. The present invention is not limited by the range
configuration, however. Any units and any conditions may be
employed. For optimal results, the range should be measured
precisely. In some embodiments, the range to target is measured
from a reference point midway between the middle of the target
acquisition device and the firearm muzzle.
[0062] After the range is prepared, a target is prepared. In some
embodiments of the present invention, the target is positioned at
approximately the same distance from the ground as the firearm, and
is mounted in a level position. For optimal results, the shooter
should assume a firing position that is in an exact straight line
perpendicular to the center of the target.
[0063] Although the present invention contemplates the use of
various types of targets, some embodiments utilize four series of
targets that are optimized for particular purposes: (1) zeroing a
firearm; (2) validating the accuracy of cant and elevation
adjustments of a target acquisition device; (3) validating the
accuracy of cant, elevation, and windage adjustments of a target
acquisition device; and (4) evaluating, testing, and training of a
shooter's sighting skills.
[0064] Zeroing Targets
[0065] In some embodiments of the present invention, targets are
provided that are particularly useful for initial zeroing of a
firearm, and for rechecking the zeroing of a firearm. Target
acquisition devices such as riflescopes typically have calibration
values imprinted on their elevation and windage adjustment knobs.
Many riflescopes feature calibration values that are expressed
according to the U.S.M.C. MILS or TMOA standards. In some
embodiments, a target is provided that features calibration values
that correspond to the calibration values of a riflescope.
[0066] FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary target that is useful for
zeroing a firearm. The target contains one or more primary vertical
and horizontal lines arranged in a grid. The grid further contains
a plurality of secondary and tertiary vertical and horizontal lines
distributed within the primary vertical and horizontal lines of the
grid. One or more primary targeting points are located at the
intersection of the primary vertical and horizontal lines. One or
more secondary targeting points are arranged at intersections of
secondary and/or tertiary vertical and horizontal lines within the
grid. One or more horizontal lines of the grid are marked with
numbers corresponding to calibration values of a riflescope or
other target acquisition device.
[0067] A firearm may be zeroed using a target of the present
invention by firing at least one, and preferably a plurality (e.g.,
2, 3, . . .) rounds of ammunition into the target. The grid of the
target is designed to be visible within the distance of the range
(preferably 100 yards or 100 meters) with the aid of a typical
spotting scope. The scope or other target acquisition device may
then be adjusted (e.g., via clicks) based upon the point of impact
on the target.
[0068] An additional benefit of the present invention is that after
zeroing a firearm, the target may be used to provide a record that
the firearm has been zeroed. Such verification may be particularly
useful to police and federal agencies, if the accuracy of a
particular firearm is ever called into question (e.g., in a lawsuit
or investigation). In some embodiments, the target provides a
predefined zone where relevant data may be recorded, such as
information about the shooter, the firearm, the firearm's
performance, the range, the ammunition, the environmental
conditions, etc.
[0069] The present invention may be used to zero firearms for use
in long or extreme range shooting (800 meters and beyond). For
example, the target may be used to verify the accuracy of a
riflescope's elevation adjustments on a 100-meter range. After
firing at least one shot to confirm the firearm's zero, an
additional shot may be fired after making an elevation adjustment
of 1/10 mil (typically, one "click" of the adjustment knob).
Subsequent shots may then be fired after subsequent clicks. With a
properly zeroed firearm, the target should record points of impact
that are vertically aligned and spaced exactly one centimeter (or
other relevant unit) apart when measured from the center holes. The
zero may then be rechecked by adjusting the scope's elevation knob
to its initial position. A properly functioning scope should have a
perfect return to zero, although the present invention permits one
to better utilize their shooting system, regardless of whether a
perfect return to zero is achieved.
Adjustment And Cant Validation Targets
[0070] Another embodiment of the present invention provides targets
that are useful for validating the accuracy and repeatability of a
riflescope's elevation adjustment knob regardless of whether the
scope is in the first or second focal plane. The targets are also
useful for validating the cant of a firearm, and can additionally
be used for zeroing a firearm. Since riflescope adjustment knobs
are mechanical devices, they are subject to wear that can result in
skipping, failure to move, jumping, sticking, or outright failure
of the whole unit. No riflescope, regardless of cost, is immune to
problems of some sort. The targets of the present invention are
useful for periodically validating the accuracy of a firearm and
target acquisition device combination. The targets may also provide
a record of the validated performance of a firearm at a particular
point in time, which is useful if the accuracy of a particular
firearm is ever called into question. The targets also permit the
shoot to extend the performance of the shooting system to maximal
levels, including levels beyond which the intended design
parameters.
[0071] FIG. 2 depicts a target that is useful for validating
elevation adjustment, cant, and the zero of a firearm. The target
is divided into three sections, each of which has an intersecting
primary vertical and primary horizontal line. The target has one or
more secondary horizontal lines arranged above and below the
primary horizontal line. The primary horizontal line is marked with
a zero. One or more secondary horizontal lines of the grid are
marked with numbers corresponding to incremental elevation
adjustment values (e.g., "clicks") of a riflescope or other target
acquisition device. For example, for a target calibrated for use
with a 100-yard range, the first secondary horizontal line above
the primary horizontal line would be marked 3.6 inches on one end
of the line, which corresponds to 1 mil, which would be marked on
the other end of the line. The second secondary horizontal line
above the primary horizontal line would be marked 7.2 inches on one
end of the line, and 2 mil on the other end of the line, and so on
for the additional lines. The target in FIG. 2 also features a
secondary horizontal line below the primary horizontal line, marked
-3.6 inches at one end, and -1 mil at the other end. Although FIG.
2 depicts a target calibrated in inches/mils for a 100 yard range,
targets may be calibrated in other values, such as metric units,
U.S.M.C. MILS, TMOA (true minute of angle), and SMOA (shooters
minute of angle).
[0072] To validate the accuracy and repeatability of a riflescope's
elevation adjustment knob, a shooter first prepares a range at
either 100 yards or 100 meters, prepares a target suitable for
zeroing a firearm, and establishes a zero for the firearm.
Depending on whether the scope is in the first focal (objective)
plane, the second focal (ocular) plane, or is a fixed power scope,
the shooter may need to determine the exact power setting where the
calibration values of the adjustment knobs are valid and true. This
setting may be different for each scope, and may generally be
determined by reference to the scope's specifications, instruction
manual, or manufacturer information.
[0073] In some embodiments the targets of the present invention are
used to confirm correct shooting position of a rifleman. The
shooter should select a shooting position that provides a solid,
repeatable position from which to shoot. The shooter then aligns
the vertical and horizontal crosshairs in the riflescope with the
primary vertical and horizontal lines of the first of the three
sections of the target, which provides a perfect zero on the
target. After firing at least one shot to confirm the firearm's
zero, an additional shot may be fired after making an elevation
adjustment. If using a target calibrated in true minute of angle
(TMOA), each adjustment should be 5 MOA. If using a target
calibrated in U.S.M.C. Mils, each adjustment should be 1 Mil.
Subsequent shots may then be fired after subsequent adjustments. To
insure repeatability, all shots should be fired using the same
method of aligning the vertical and horizontal crosshairs in the
riflescope with the primary vertical and horizontal lines of the
target. After the scope has reached its upper elevation adjustment
limit, the shooter then switches to the second (middle) section of
the target, and repeats the procedure in reverse, lowering the
elevation adjustment for each subsequent shot. When the shooter
reaches the zero point of the second section, the procedure used
for the first section may then be repeated in the third section of
the target. After the procedure is complete, the shooter may record
relevant data in the space provided on the target, such as
information about the shooter, the firearm, the firearm's
performance, the range, the ammunition, the environmental
conditions, etc. FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 depict sample results of the
procedure.
[0074] The targets are also useful for identifying whether a
particular firearm has a cant problem. Cant occurs when a rifle is
not held vertically. On scoped long-range rifles, the problem is
exacerbated. Cant may be caused by a variety of conditions. For
example, the center of the scope may not be perpendicular to the
bore of the rifle, the scope base and rings may be slightly off
center, the bore of the barrel and the action may be off center,
and the vertical crosshair may not be exactly perpendicular to the
rifle bore. The targets of the present invention are designed to
show the maximal lateral displacement based on a given elevation
selection. The lateral distance shown on the target provides
feedback information to correct the cant. By correcting cant, the
shooter can eliminate the lateral movement displacement and also
any vertical displacement.
[0075] After completing a target shooting session according to the
above procedure, the shooter may examine the target for an analysis
of problems. In each of the three sections of the target, a line
may be drawn connecting the bullet impact points to the
intersection of the primary vertical and horizontal lines. If all
of the impact points are located on the primary vertical line, then
the firearm does not have a cant problem. However, if the impact
points form a line curving to either side of the primary vertical
line, then a cant error exists. The precise number of degrees of
cant error may be determined by extending the line connecting the
impact points all the way to the curved line at the top of each
section of the target, as shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 5 shows a close-up
view of a section of a target indicating a cant error.
[0076] If an analysis of the target indicates a cant error, the
error may be corrected by loosening the scope rings, rotating the
scope in the opposite direction of the cant shown on the target,
and re-tightening the scope rings. The firearm should then be
re-zeroed using the zeroing procedure of the present invention.
After zeroing, the cant should be retested using the above
procedure. If a cant error persists, repeat the procedure of
rotating the scope in the opposite direction of the cant shown on
the target, re-zero the firearm, and then retest for cant error.
This procedure may be repeated until the target indicates no cant
error.
Elevation Adjustment, Windage Adjustment, And Cant Validation
Targets
[0077] An additional embodiment of the present invention provides
targets that are useful for validating the accuracy and
repeatability of both elevation and windage adjustments on a rifle
scope. The targets are also useful for measuring the cant of a
firearm. Use and analysis of the targets further provides a highly
effective method of instruction and skills training in the art of
long range target shooting.
[0078] A primary benefit of the targets of the present invention is
that they enable shooters to evaluate both their equipment and
their techniques for short, medium, long, or extreme range target
shooting using a standard 100-yard or 100-meter range. In addition,
shooters can use the targets to readily identify both singular and
compound problems related to poor shooting techniques, improper use
of the optics, cant, or weapon problems. A further benefit is that
the targets can be used to establish a "point of failure" for a
particular firearm and target acquisition device combination. A
"point of failure" is established when the elevation and windage
adjustments pass the norms for proper calibration. A shooter can
validate a weapon's ability to properly track up to the point of
failure. Beyond the established point of failure, a shooter's
ability to make accurate shots decreases. A shooter's ability to
engage long-range targets is determined by his scope's ability to
yield accurate elevation and windage adjustment. Accurate mounting
of the riflescope to eliminate cant is also very important for
extreme long-range shots.
[0079] FIG. 6 depicts a target useful for validating elevation
adjustments, windage adjustments, and cant on a riflescope. The
target features an intersecting primary vertical line and primary
horizontal line. One or more parallel secondary horizontal lines
are arranged above the primary horizontal line. One or more
secondary vertical lines intersect the secondary horizontal lines.
A primary targeting point is located at the intersection of the
primary vertical and horizontal lines. One or more secondary
targeting points are arranged at intersections of secondary
vertical and horizontal lines. One or more horizontal lines of the
grid are marked with numbers corresponding to calibration values of
a riflescope or other target acquisition device. A curved
horizontal line representing a cant compass is arranged along the
top portion of the target. The curved line is intersected by a
plurality of vertical lines marked with numbers corresponding to
degrees of cant. The target depicted in FIG. 6 contains values
calibrated in U.S.M.C. Mils, for use on a 100-meter range. FIG. 7
depicts a similar target, but designed for use with scopes that are
calibrated in TMOA, for use on a 100-yard range.
[0080] The thickness of the secondary target lines is configured
such that while they are clearly visible at close range, they
cannot be visually perceived at 100 meters or 100 yards when
looking through the scope to be calibrated. Because the secondary
lines cannot be seen from the shooter's vantage point, the shooter
cannot rely on them as a targeting aid, and thus is forced to use
only the crosshair of the primary vertical and horizontal lines.
All targeting adjustments must therefore be made using only the
scope's elevation and windage knobs. Alternatively, if the shooter
is using a target acquisition device that features secondary aiming
points, such as the devices of U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,681,512, 6,516,699,
6,453,595, 6,032,374, and 5,920,995 to Sammut, the shooter may
additionally rely on optical adjustments. Regardless of the type of
target acquisition device used, the target forces the shooter to
rely solely upon the target acquisition device, rather than the
target itself. The light secondary lines eliminate a shooter's
natural inclination to consciously or unconsciously "compensate" to
gain the desired results.
[0081] To validate the accuracy and repeatability of a riflescope's
elevation and windage adjustment knob, a shooter first prepares a
range at either 100 yards or 100 meters, prepares a target suitable
for zeroing a firearm, and establishes a zero for the firearm.
[0082] The shooter should select a shooting position that provides
a solid, repeatable position from which to shoot. The shooter then
aligns the vertical and horizontal crosshairs in the riflescope
with the primary vertical and horizontal lines of the target, which
provides a perfect zero on the target. At least one shot should be
fired to confirm the zero of the firearm. If the firearm does not
have a perfect zero, the shooter should re-zero the firearm before
proceeding. After the zero has been confirmed, the shooter may fire
additional shots after making elevation and windage adjustments.
The following is an example of a test sequence that may be used,
although the present invention contemplates the use of any sequence
of shots.
[0083] 1. Fire two shots to confirm the weapon is coordinated with
the target zero point. One should have a perfect zero to continue.
If there is not perfect zero, Stop, RE-ZERO the rifle.
[0084] 2. a. Use the intersection of the Main Vertical and Main
Horizontal Crosshair as the primary targeting point. [0085] b. Do
not adjust the elevation knob (zero set at 100) [0086] c. Move
windage 2 Mils to R; fire 1 shot. [0087] d. Move windage 4 Mils to
R; fire 1 shot. [0088] e. Move windage 2 Mils to L; fire 1 shot.
[0089] f. Move windage 4 Mils to L; fire 1 shot.
[0090] 3. a. Adjust the elevation knob 2 Mils up. Remember all
adjustments for windage and elevation are made by adjusting the
scope's elevation and windage adjustment knobs. [0091] b. Move
windage 2 Mils to R; fire 1 shot. [0092] c. Move windage 4 Mils to
R; fire 1 shot. [0093] d. Move windage 2 Mils to L; fire 1 shot.
[0094] e. Move windage 4 Mils to L; fire 1 shot.
[0095] 4. a. Using only the elevation and windage knobs at each
elevation of 4 Mils, 8 Mils, 10 Mils, 12 Mils, 14 Mils, and 16
Mils, [0096] b. Fire the following windage sequence: [0097] i. Move
windage 2 Mils to R; fire 1 shot. [0098] ii. Move windage 4 Mils to
R; fire 1 shot. [0099] iii. Move windage 2 Mils to L; fire 1 shot.
[0100] iv. Move windage 4 Mils to L; fire 1 shot.
[0101] FIG. 8 depicts a sample target displaying the above firing
sequence. A written record of the firing sequence used by a shooter
may be created to enable reproduction of the sequence at a later
time. FIGS. 9 and 10 depict sample data cards upon which firing
sequences could be recorded for future reference.
[0102] The present invention provides a novel means of analyzing
and improving a shooter's skills, and is equally useful for
beginners, novices, and experienced shooters. Since the targets of
the present invention allow for the live fire simulation of long
range shooting on a standard 100-yard or 100-meter range, down
range environmental factors that may influence bullet performance
are eliminated. This allows the shooter to evaluate performance
based solely upon shooting technique and the equipment itself. When
a target of the present invention is properly mounted and placed at
exactly 100 yards/meters, it represents a highly calibrated window
located between the gun and the theoretical long-range target. This
window allows the shooter to evaluate the accuracy of his
performance since the exact point of bullet impact on the target
can be recorded and analyzed. If the point of impact is off at 100
yards/meters, then it will be off by a determinable linear amount
as the range increases. The following table illustrates how
shooting results at 100 yards can be used to project results at
greater distances.
TABLE-US-00001 Actual inches off Inches off Inches off Inches off
Inches off center by live center at center at center at center at
fire at 100 yards 500 yards 1000 yards 1500 yards 2000 yards 0 0 0
0 0 1.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 2.0 10.0 20.0 35.0 40.0 3.0 15.0 30.0
45.0 60.0
The systems and methods of the present invention may be used in any
combination for practice, evaluation, and training in the field of
short, medium, long, and extreme range target shooting. The
following is an illustrative training routine, using targets
calibrated in U.S.M.C. Mils and a riflescope with elevation and
windage turret knobs calibrated in Mils.
[0103] 1. Set up the target as recommended.
[0104] 2. Use the exact shooting position that would normally be
used for most long-range shots. For large caliber guns, a standing
bench-rest position that allows one to get directly behind the gun
in a comfortable position enables one to easily handle heavy
recoil.
[0105] 3. Establish a "Data Card" with a shooting sequence,
elevation, and windage values.
[0106] 4. With best shooting technique, engage the target. Follow
the shooting sequence that has been outlined. At any point during
the shooting sequence, one can stop and check the target and
critique the shooting performance.
[0107] Note: If one is unable to shoot at a consistent 1 MOA level
or less, stop. Re-evaluate shooting and/or scope technique. Make
the changes that one believes will yield the desired results. Cover
the holes in the target or use a new target. Once again, engage the
target. Start the shooting sequence outlined on the data card.
[0108] 5. A perfect shooting performance requires all target points
listed on the data card to show sub .sup.1/2 MOA shot placement. A
consistent sub .sup.1/2 MOA performance is extremely difficult.
Realistically, when one achieve a goal of 1 MOA or less for each of
the targeting points on the Series III target, one can increase the
level of difficulty. Below are some recommended methods to improve
skills. Other methods may be employed. [0109] a. Establish an
elapsed time to shoot the firing sequence shown on the data card.
Work against this time criteria while trying to improve accuracy.
[0110] b. Speed drills: Set an unrealistically short time to
complete the entire firing sequence on the data card. Force oneself
to use this time frame. [0111] c. Shoot at different times of the
day. The sun will be in different positions relative to the target.
Try shooting at dawn and dusk under twilight conditions. This
causes the shooter to discover that light is a critical factor in
proper shot placement. [0112] d. Shoot at night: Try lighting the
target from different positions. Place a light bulb directly in
front of the target. Try placing the single light to the side (90
degrees) of the target. Try illuminating the target with a
spotlight placed behind the shooter. Use night vision devices
attached to the scope. [0113] e. Repeat any one or more of the
above techniques, or other techniques, with different equipment or
shooting accessories or shooting techniques.
[0114] Accurate long range shooting involves numerous factors
including shooting technique, gun specifics, ammunition, sighting
systems, and environmental factors. By using the targets of the
present invention at exactly 100 yards/meters, specific factors
such as gun specifics, ammunition, and environmental conditions
become "constants" because of the short range. In other words,
these factors will have little or no effect at 100 yards/meters
once a perfect zero is established. FIGS. 11, 12, and 13 depict how
the targets of the present invention may be analyzed to evaluate
and improve shooting performance.
[0115] The targets of the present invention become a valuable
instructional tool because the shooting instruction can focus
specifically on shooting technique and the sighting system. The
targets also provide the ability to instruct shooters in the proper
use of anti-cant devices, such as scope levels, the MGW Bubble
Level, and the Horns Vision ASLI. The use of anti-cant device can
improve performance on every shot. Suggested training techniques
include having an instructor call shot coordinates to a student,
who then immediately engages the target, and having an instructor
state a range to a student, who then calculates the hold and
engages the target.
Anti-Cant Targets
[0116] Another embodiment of the present invention provides targets
that are useful for evaluating a shooter's general skills and
skills at using anti-cant devices. Use and analysis of the targets
further provides a highly effective method of instruction and
skills training in the art of long range target shooting.
[0117] FIG. 14 depicts a target useful for both general skill
evaluation and anti-cant effectiveness. The target is depicted as
seen at 100 yards/meters. The thickness of all of the target lines
is such that while they are clearly visible at close range, they
cannot be visually perceived at 100 meters or 100 yards when
looking through a scope. Because the lines cannot be seen from the
shooter's vantage point, the shooter cannot rely on them as a
targeting aid, and thus is forced to use only the square targeting
box. All targeting adjustments must therefore be made using only
the scope's elevation and windage knobs. The target is designed to
challenge the individual shooter's proficiency and/or to test the
abilities of newly minted long range shooters. To obtain a high
number of well-placed shots, the shooter must be extremely well
versed and perfect in shooting technique, and must additionally
possess a complete mastery of the riflescope. To further complicate
and increase the level of difficulty, the shooter must rely on an
anti-cant device. FIG. 14 further depicts a target that has been
cut along a pre-printed dotted pattern along the edges. Cutting the
target in this manner removes any vertical or horizontal reference
points for the shooter to use when engaging the target, which
further increases the required skill level.
Ranging Targets
[0118] In some embodiments, shapes of specified dimension (e.g.,
circles, squares, triangles, bars, dots, or rectangles, and
combinations thereof at one or more orientations) are provided in
at least one zone of the targets of the present invention. In some
embodiments, the shapes are provided with identifying markings.
With knowledge of the dimensions of the specified shape, and a
shooting system calibrated for use with the targets of the present
invention at a specified distance (e.g., 100 yards), the range to
the target at distances other than 100 yards may be determined. For
example, if it is known that a specified bar is 48 inches in length
on a target of the present invention, and that it subtends 2 MILS
on a riflescope configured for use with a target of the present
invention at 100 yards at a distance other than 100 yards, then the
range to the target is 666 yards i.e.:
[(48/36).times.1000 yards]/2 MILS=666 yards
Similarly, if the line is 13 inches in length on a target of the
present invention, and it subtends 2 MILS on a riflescope
configured for use with a target of the present invention at a
distance other than 100 yards, then the range to the target is
180.5 yards i.e.: [(13/36).times.1000 yards]/2 MILS=180.5 yards Use
such a system trains the shooter to use a diversity of different
reference points to assess distance.
[0119] All publications and patents mentioned in the above
specification are herein incorporated by reference. Various
modifications and variations of the described compositions and
methods of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the
art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
One skilled in the art will recognize at once that it would be
possible to construct the present invention from a variety of
materials and in a variety of different ways. Although the
invention has been described in connection with specific preferred
embodiments, it should be understood that the invention should not
be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. While the preferred
embodiments have been described in detail, and shown in the
accompanying drawings, it will be evident that various further
modification are possible without departing from the scope of this
invention.
* * * * *