U.S. patent application number 13/097608 was filed with the patent office on 2011-09-01 for optical storage media and the corresponding cryptography for data encryption thereof.
Invention is credited to Wei Shen, Sheng Shun Yen.
Application Number | 20110213989 13/097608 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39970623 |
Filed Date | 2011-09-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110213989 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yen; Sheng Shun ; et
al. |
September 1, 2011 |
OPTICAL STORAGE MEDIA AND THE CORRESPONDING CRYPTOGRAPHY FOR DATA
ENCRYPTION THEREOF
Abstract
Based on the demand of developing a data encryption technique
for the optical storage media, the present invention discloses a
cryptography for data encryption based on a design of specific
hardware conditions, so as to achieve the security requirements for
the encrypted digital data stored in the optical storage media and
the design requirements for the security issues on the optical
storage media for software vendors in the current market.
Inventors: |
Yen; Sheng Shun; (Chung Ho
City, TW) ; Shen; Wei; (Taipei, TW) |
Family ID: |
39970623 |
Appl. No.: |
13/097608 |
Filed: |
April 29, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11878950 |
Jul 27, 2007 |
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13097608 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
713/193 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 20/00086 20130101;
H04L 9/0825 20130101; G11B 20/0021 20130101; H04L 9/14 20130101;
G11B 2220/2537 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
713/193 |
International
Class: |
G06F 12/14 20060101
G06F012/14 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 9, 2007 |
TW |
096116406 |
Claims
1. An optical storage media comprising a media content storage area
and a code area, the code area comprising at least one damageable
memory cell for providing a capability to record digital data;
after a first data reading by a light source is completed, said
memory cell is changed and thus the data is damaged, such that said
light source cannot perform a second data reading; and said code
area also comprises at least one general memory cell that remains
readable after the first data reading by the light source.
2. The optical storage media of claim 1, wherein said damageable
memory cell is further mixed up with said general memory cell to
form a data section, and said data section is used as a data block
to store a key for a system.
3. The optical storage media of claim 1, wherein said damageable
memory cell is further mixed up with said general memory cell to
form a plurality of data sections, and said data sections are used
as a data block to store a plurality of keys for a system.
4. The optical storage media of claim 1, wherein when said first
data reading by said light source is completed, a chemical or
physical reaction occurs on said memory cell to damage a data
structure, such that it is characterized in that said data can be
read only once.
5. An optical storage media comprising a media content storage area
and a code area, the code area comprising at least a Read
Once/Un-reversible reaction memory cell for providing a capability
to record digital data; after a first data reading by a light
source is completed, said memory cell is changed, and thus the
data's logic level is reversed, such that at a second data reading,
said light source can obtain a logic level that is reversed from
said logic level of said first data reading; afterwards said memory
cell permanently sustains said data with said reversed logic level
and does not change anymore; and said code area also comprises at
least one general memory cell that remains readable after the first
data reading by the light source.
6. The optical storage media of claim 5, wherein said Read
Once/Un-reversible reaction memory cell is further mixed up with
said general memory cell to form a data section, and said data
section is used as a data block to store a key for a system.
7. The optical storage media of claim 5, wherein said Read
Once/Un-reversible reaction memory cell is further mixed up with
said general memory cell to form a plurality of data sections, and
said data sections are used as a data block to store a plurality of
keys for a system.
8. The optical storage media of claim 5, wherein when said first
data reading by said light source is completed, a chemical or
physical reaction occurs on said memory cell to reverse said data's
logic level.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to a data encryption
methodology for the optical storage media, and more particularly,
to a method for the arrangement of cryptography based on the
characteristic of the Read Once/Un-reversible reaction technique.
With the codes generated by such method, it is not possible to
generate the accurate codes by just duplicating the conventional
optical storage media as in the conventional technique. In
addition, since such codes are generated based on the hardware's
physical characteristic, it is not possible to crack or recover the
original codes by using any software method.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] A DVD data protection technique using the encrypted keys is
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,018. In the disclosed technique,
two sets of encrypted key are used, wherein one set of keys is
applied on another set of keys to re-encrypt the second set of
keys, so as to obtain an encryption key, which is then written into
the optical disk. Accordingly, the optical disk contains the media
contents, encryption key and the corresponding decryption control
information. Although the encrypted key had been re-encrypted,
since the information required for decryption are all recorded in
the optical disk, it is still possible to hack the contents of the
optical disk.
[0005] The optical storage media is a hardware that stores data by
using the optical characteristic, which includes Optical Disk (CD),
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), High Definition DVD (HDVD), Blue-ray
DVD, or Magneto-Optical Disk, . . . etc. All of the optical storage
media mentioned above are the digital data storage hardware that
can read/write data from/to the media by using the optical
characteristic.
[0006] In order to improve the data encryption security on the
optical storage media, the author of the present invention
discloses a cryptography for data encryption on the optical storage
media and the apparatus thereof in the present invention based on
many years of experience on electronic product development and
research. The technical contents of the present invention are
described in great detail hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] By using the Read Once/Un-reversible reaction material's
characteristic, the present invention can arrange the storing
location and attribute of the optical disk data and generate the
melting code and developed code or the converse code and developed
code by using such arrangement. Wherein, the former, i.e. the
melting code or the converse code, may be stored inside the system
after it had been read; and the latter, i.e. the developed code, is
recorded in the optical storage media. Such two sets of codes that
are stored separately in the optical storage media and in the host
system can be applied on various data encryption/decryption
processes in order to protect the copyright of the content stored
in optical disk.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further
understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and
constitute a portion of this specification. The drawings illustrate
embodiments of the invention, and together with the description,
serve to explain the principles of the invention.
[0009] FIG. 1 schematically shows an optical storage media with
Read Once/Un-reversible reaction cells according to a preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing how to generate a key
pair for the disposable damaged material according to the present
invention.
[0011] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing how to generate a key
pair for the disposable reversed material according to the present
invention.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method of generating
the converse and developed codes according to the present
invention.
[0013] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical storage media
with a plurality of code areas according to the present
invention.
[0014] FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a data processing method
for the optical storage media according to the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0015] Refer to FIGS. 1 and 2 for the details of the embodiments
provided by the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of
an optical storage media (CD/DVD) according to the present
invention, wherein a ring-shaped portion is used as a code area 110
to store codes, and the ring-shaped portion is a general data
storage area 120 for storing media contents. For the operation
principle of the optical storage media, please refer to FIG. 2 that
schematically shows a detailed process of generating codes. FIG. 2
includes a code area 200, a Read Once/Un-reversible reaction cell
210, and a general reading cell 220. Wherein, the code area 200 is
composed of a mix of the Read Once/Un-reversible reaction cell 210
and the general reading cell 220. The Read Once/Un-reversible
reaction cell 210 is a cell with chemical material coated thereon.
When data is read by a laser beam source, the cell's characteristic
is changed and the data structure is changed accordingly. The
encryption/description technique provided by the present invention
is implemented by two processes based on different material-change
characteristics, and its detail is described in great detail
hereinafter.
[0016] I. If the Media is Made of Disposable Damaged Material
[0017] When the laser beam source is emitted on the material to
read data, a chemical or physical reaction occurs on the material,
which destroys the data structure, thus the data can be read only
once. Therefore, after the Read Once/Un-reversible reaction cell
210 of FIG. 2 is first read by the laser beam, the cell 210 becomes
a black cell 211 that cannot record or retain digital data anymore.
Then, the data in the code area 200 obtained from the first reading
operation is transmitted to a memory unit inside a host system (not
shown) from an optical disk drive (not shown). Meanwhile, when the
system reads the data a second time, since the black cell 211 does
not contain any data at this moment, the system can only read the
segment data 213, and a melting code 212 is generated by comparing
the segment data 213 with the first reading data.
[0018] After the code area 200 is read for the first time, the
laser beam reads the code area 200 a second time. Meanwhile, since
the black cell 211 had been damaged, the data cannot be read. Then,
the segment data 213 is formed in the code area 200, and the
segment data 213 is in fact the code that was developed at the
first data reading by the laser beam.
[0019] II. If the Media is Made of Disposable Reversed Material
[0020] When the laser beam source is emitted on this material to
read the data, such material reacts to reverse the data structure.
Namely, the logic level of the change-once data is reversed, e.g.
"logic 1" is reversed to "logic 0", and "logic 0" is reversed to
"logic 1". Therefore, the initial data can be read only once. In
the subsequent repeated multiple read operations, since the
material reacts to the laser beam only once, only the reversed data
can be read. Here, the original data before the change is called
the initial data, and the data after the change is called the
reversed data. Therefore, after the Read Once/Un-reversible
reaction cell 210 was first read by the laser beam, the cell 210
changes to the reversed data and is permanently stored in the
optical storage media. Referring to FIG. 3, the data that was first
read from the code area 200 is transmitted to the memory unit of
the host system from the optical disk drive. Afterwards, the system
performs a second data reading on the code area 200. Since the data
on the Read Once/Un-reversible reaction cell 210 had been reversed,
after it had been read and compared with the first read data by the
system, a converse code 214 is generated, for example, the converse
code is generated from a XOR (Exclusive-OR) operation. While the
converse code is being generated, another developed code 215 is
also extracted by the system.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method of generating
the converse and developed codes according to the present
invention. As shown in the drawing, first, the bit index values of
the first read data (referred as Read #1 hereinafter) and the
second read data (referred as Read #2 hereinafter) are set to 0.
Here, the index values indicate the bit location of the Read #1 and
Read #2. Then, it is checked if the bit is an area code bit. If it
is not, the process is terminated. Otherwise, a XOR operation is
applied on the bits of the Read #1 and Read #2. If the operation
result is 1, the Read #1 bit is a converse code bit, and it will be
recorded in the converse code. If the operation result is 0, the
Read #2 bit is a developed code bit, and it will be recorded in the
developed code. With such method, a converse code and a developed
code are generated. Then, the bit index value of Read #1 and Read
#2 are incremented by 1. Afterwards, it is reconfirmed that the bit
still belongs to the code area, and the previous steps are repeated
continuously until all bits in the code area are read out and
compared, and the process is finished. By following the flows shown
in FIG. 4, the converse code and the developed code are completely
extracted.
[0022] Two codes are generated from the aforementioned processes.
Wherein, the former code is the melting code 212 and the developed
code 213 which are generated based on the material's un-reversible
damaged characteristic, and the developed code is permanently
recorded and retained on the optical disk. The latter code is the
converse code 214 and the developed code 215 which are generated
based on the material's disposable permanently reversed
characteristic. Since the latter material has a disposable
permanently reversed characteristic, once the data logic level is
reversed, it cannot be changed anymore, and the converse code 214
and the developed code 215 are both recorded on the optical storage
media. Therefore, for the host system which lacks the converse code
214, it is not possible to effectively recognize the developed code
215 from the optical storage media. Accordingly, this
encryption/decryption process is different from the previous
process, which uses the material's un-reversible damaged
characteristic.
[0023] It is known from the description mentioned above, the
melting code 212 and the developed code 213 generated by the formal
process and the converse code 214 and the developed code 215
generated by the latter process are respectively stored in the host
memory system and the optical storage media 100 based on its
specific characteristic. Therefore, these two codes (212, 213) or
(214, 215) can be used by the content provider to encrypt and
decrypt the media contents through appropriate arrangement.
[0024] An example is provided herein to explain the operation
principle of the present invention. The algorithm of a public key
cryptography operation complying with an asymmetric public key
infrastructure is represented as:
{ E Kp 1 [ M ] = C ; D Kp - 1 [ C ] = M ; or ( Equation 1 ) (
Equation 2 ) { E Kp - 1 [ M ] = C ; D Kp 1 [ C ] = M ; ( Equation 3
) ( Equation 4 ) ##EQU00001##
where E represents encrypt, D represents decrypt, Kp1 represents a
public key, Kp-1 represents a private key, M represents a
plaintext, i.e. the initial data, and C represents the encrypted
content.
[0025] Through appropriate design, the private key Kp-1 and the
public key Kp1 used in the public key cryptography operation can be
obtained from the aforementioned melting code 212 and the developed
code 213 or the converse code 214 and the developed code 215 to
encrypt or decrypt the optical disk contents. In other words, the
content vendor first uses the public key Kp1 to encrypt and convert
the plaintext to the encrypted content (Equation 1), and then
records the encrypted content and the code area 200 onto the
optical disk. After the optical disk is first read and the private
key Kp-1 is obtained, the encrypted content is decrypted by the
host system (Equation 2), and the data encoding/decoding process is
completed. In addition, after the data is first read by the laser
beam source, only the public key Kp1 remains on the optical disc
and it is not possible to obtain the private key Kp-1 from the
optical disk, which effectively secures the data stored in the
optical disk. Even if the optical disk is moved to another host
system, the content of the optical disk cannot be reached due to
the lacking of the private key Kp-1.
[0026] The technique provided by the present invention effectively
protects the contents of the optical disk from being illegally
replicated. When the optical storage media 100 of the present
invention is first read, even if the digital data had been
duplicated to the conventional optical disk, since the conventional
optical disk lacks the Read Once/Un-reversible reaction cell, it is
not possible to generate the melting code 212 and the developed
code 213 or the converse code 214 and the developed code 215, and
the encrypted data stored in the optical disk cannot be
decoded.
[0027] Referring to FIG. 1, the code area 110 shown in FIG. 1 may
be a ring-shaped portion, which is also the code area 200 for
storing the codes in FIG. 2. For the software product which can be
repeatedly operated in various host systems, the quantity of the
code area 200 on the optical storage media 100 can be appropriately
increased. Referring to FIG. 5, which shows an optical storage
media 100 with a plurality of code areas (i.e. the melting code and
the developed code or the converse code and the developed code)
200A, 200B and 200C. In addition, different public and private keys
are stored in every area, and the public and private keys together
form a key pair, such that the software product can be installed on
three different host systems by the user. In consideration of
different product and customer requirements, the software vendor
can select an appropriate optical disk format to record its
software product on the optical disk without having to worry about
the illegal replication of the optical disk content, thus the data
stored in the optical disk is effectively secured. The structure
shown in FIG. 5 provides a plurality of key pairs. Accordingly,
different key pairs can be applied on the digital signature
mechanism to authenticate the user and vendor ID, such that the
transaction is ensured to be secured. If the data is re-encrypted,
the uniqueness of the data can be further ensured, that is to
ensure the data does not suffer from malicious modification
operations such as delete, change, add and edit during the data
transmission and transportation.
[0028] In addition, the present invention further provides a data
processing method for the optical storage media. FIG. 6 shows a
flow chart of a data processing method for the optical storage
media according to the present invention. As shown in the drawing,
the data processing method for the optical storage media of the
present invention comprises the following steps: (a) reading a
record of data from the optical storage media 100 and recording the
data into a system memory unit; (b) repeatedly reading the same
record of data and record the data into the system memory unit; and
(c) performing a comparison operation on the data recorded in step
(b) and the data recorded in step (a) to generate a set of code
pairs which contains at least two codes, among which two codes are
used as the keys for the data encryption and decryption
operation.
[0029] In step (a), a record of data stored in the optical storage
media 100 is read and stored in the system memory unit.
[0030] In step (b), the same record of data is read and recorded in
the system memory unit. Wherein, the technique details related to
steps (a).about.(b) are described in the previous embodiment, thus
it is intentionally omitted herein.
[0031] In step (c), the data recorded in step (b) is compared with
the data recorded in step (a) to generate a set of code pairs which
contains at least two codes, among which two codes are used as the
keys for the data encryption and decryption operation. Please refer
to the aforementioned equations (1).about.(4) and its related
description for the technical details of this operation.
[0032] In addition, the operation in the comparison process
includes, but does not limit to a XOR (Exclusive-OR) operation.
Wherein, two keys are used as a public key and a private key,
respectively. The operation includes, but does not limit to an
asymmetric encryption/decryption technique. Additionally, the
asymmetric encryption/decryption technique includes, but does not
limit to a public key infrastructure, in which one public key and
one private key are used as the passwords of the user ID
authentication operation.
[0033] In summary, in order to improve the data security of the
optical storage media, the most effective design is to combine the
optical disk's data design and material application. Based on this
principle, the present invention designs an optical storage
mechanism with a high level of security. In the present invention,
the hardware mechanism for the reading operation in the optical
disk drive is not largely changed, instead, the objective of data
protection is achieved by merely modifying the optical storage
media's material and data design. Furthermore, the present
invention effectively prevents the optical disk contents from being
illegally replicated as in the prior technique, thus the objective
of data protection for the optical storage media is achieved.
[0034] Although the invention has been described with reference to
a particular embodiment thereof, it will be apparent to one of the
ordinary skills in the art that modifications to the described
embodiment may be made without departing from the spirit of the
invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention will be defined
by the attached claims not by the above detailed description.
* * * * *