U.S. patent application number 13/103175 was filed with the patent office on 2011-09-01 for radio communication apparatus.
This patent application is currently assigned to TOSHIBA TEC KABUSHIKI KAISHA. Invention is credited to Shigeaki SUZUKI.
Application Number | 20110210832 13/103175 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38780792 |
Filed Date | 2011-09-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110210832 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SUZUKI; Shigeaki |
September 1, 2011 |
RADIO COMMUNICATION APPARATUS
Abstract
Upon receiving a command for writing data to a transponder, a
reading unit performs radio communication with the transponder to
which data should be written, thereby reading, in non-contact
fashion, a data item stored in the transponder. A collating unit
collates the data read by the reading unit with a data item to be
written to the transponder. A control unit performs radio
communication with the transponder, thereby writing the data item
to the transponder, when the data items are not identical, and
skips the writing of the data item when the data items are
identical.
Inventors: |
SUZUKI; Shigeaki; (Izu,
JP) |
Assignee: |
TOSHIBA TEC KABUSHIKI
KAISHA
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
38780792 |
Appl. No.: |
13/103175 |
Filed: |
May 9, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11895819 |
Aug 28, 2007 |
7961079 |
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13103175 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
340/10.51 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06K 7/0008
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
340/10.51 |
International
Class: |
H04Q 5/22 20060101
H04Q005/22 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 12, 2006 |
JP |
2006-247000 |
Aug 7, 2007 |
JP |
2007-205029 |
Claims
1. A radio communication apparatus comprising: a memory unit which
stores data to be written to the transponders; a writing unit which
performs radio communication with the transponders to write to the
transponders write data stored in the memory unit; a reading unit
which, in response to a write command instructing that the write
data stored in the memory unit should be written, performs radio
communication with the transponders which are to become a writing
target, to read data to be written stored in the transponders,
before writing the write data by the writing unit; an error
processing unit which, when the reading unit fails to read the data
to be written, terminates a process in response to the write
command as an error; a collating unit which, when the reading unit
successfully reads the data to be written, collates the data to be
written and the write data stored in the memory unit before writing
the write data to the transponders by the writing unit; and a
control unit which, as a result of collating the data by the
collating unit, activates the writing unit to write the write data
stored in the memory unit to the transponders when both data are
not identical, and skips the writing of the write data to the
transponders without activating the writing unit when both data are
identical, wherein, the writing unit performs each writing of write
data to the transponders in units of words each consisting of a
plurality of bytes, the collating unit collates the data to be
written and the write data stored in the memory unit, word by word,
and the control unit controls whether to implement or skip the
writing for each data in the unit of words.
2. The radio communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit acquires the result of collation every time the
collating unit collates the write data and the data read from the
transponder by the reading unit, word by word, performs radio
communication with the one of the transponders, thereby writing the
data to the one of the transponders when the collated data are not
identical, and skipping the writing of the write data when the
collated data are identical.
3. The radio communication apparatus according to claim 1, further
comprising a result-storage unit configured to store results of the
collation performed word by word in the collating unit, wherein the
control unit determines whether the writing of the write data
should be skipped, for each word, in accordance with the results
stored in the result-storage unit.
4. The radio communication apparatus according to claim 1, further
comprising a word-number setting memory configured to store
word-numbers, wherein the collating unit collates the write data
and the data read from the one of the transponders by the reading
unit, in units of word-numbers stored in the word-number setting
memory, and wherein the control unit determines whether the writing
of the write data should be skipped in accordance with each
word-number stored in the word-number setting memory.
5. The radio communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein distances
between the transponders and the reading unit are changing while
the reading unit is reading the data stored in the one of the
transponders and while the control unit is writing the write data
to the one of the transponders.
6. The radio communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the
control unit: receives a response signal from the one of the
transponders after writing the write data to the one of the
transponders; and determines whether there is an error in one of
the transponders based on the response signal.
7. The radio communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein: each word
of the data read from the transponders has a respective word in the
write data; the collating unit determines word by word whether each
of the words of the data read matches each of the words in the
write data; and the control unit writes a word of the write data to
the transponder when the word of the write data not matching a
respective one of the words in the read data.
8. The radio communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the
control unit: skips writing a first word of the write data to one
of the transponders when the first word matches a respective word
in the read data; and writes a second word of the write data to one
of the transponders when the second words does not match a
respective word in the read data.
9. The radio communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the
collating unit compares a first group of words in the write data to
respective words in the read data; the collating unit compares a
second group of words in the write data to respective words in the
read data; the controlling unit skips writing the first group of
words to one of the transponders when the first group of words
matches the respective words in the read data; and the controlling
unit writes the second group of words to one of the transponders
when the second group of words does not match the respective words
in the read data.
10. A radio communication apparatus comprising: a memory unit which
stores identifications (ID) to be rewritten to transponders; a
rewriting unit which performs radio communication with the
transponders to rewrite IDs stored in the transponders to IDs
stored in the memory unit; a reading unit which, in response to a
rewrite command instructing that IDs stored in the transponders
should be rewritten to IDs stored in the memory unit, performs
radio communication with the transponders which are to become a
rewriting target, to read IDs to be rewritten stored in the
transponders, before rewriting the IDs by the rewriting unit; an
error processing unit which, when the reading unit fails to read
the IDs to be rewritten, terminates a process in response to the
rewrite command as an error; a collating unit which, when the
reading unit successfully reads the IDs to be rewritten, collates
the IDs to be rewritten and the IDs stored in the memory unit
before rewriting the IDs of the transponders by the rewriting unit;
and a control unit which, as a result of collating the IDs by the
collating unit, activates the rewriting unit to rewrite the IDs
stored in the transponders to the IDs stored in the memory unit
when both IDs are not identical, and skips the rewriting of the IDs
without activating the writing unit when both IDs are identical,
wherein the rewriting unit performs each rewriting of IDs to the
transponders in units of words each consisting of data of a
plurality of bytes, the collating unit collates the IDs to be
rewritten and the IDs stored in the memory unit, word by word, and
the control unit controls whether to implement or skip the
rewriting for each data in the unit of words.
11. The radio communication apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein the control unit acquires the result of collation every
time the collating unit collates IDs, word by word.
12. The radio communication apparatus according to claim 10,
further comprising a result-storage unit configured to store
results of the collation performed word by word in the collating
unit, wherein the control unit determines whether the rewriting of
the first ID should be skipped, for each word, in accordance with
the results stored in the result-storage unit.
13. The radio communication apparatus according to claim 10,
further comprising a word-number setting memory configured to store
word-numbers, wherein the collating unit collates the first ID and
the second ID, in units of word-numbers stored in the word-number
setting memory, and the control unit determines whether the
rewriting of the first ID should be skipped in accordance with each
word-number stored in the word-number setting memory.
14. The radio communication apparatus of claim 10, wherein
distances between the transponders and the reading unit are
changing while the reading unit is reading the data stored in the
one of the transponders and while the control unit is writing the
write data to the one of the transponders.
15. The radio communication apparatus of claim 10, wherein the
control unit: receives a response signal from one of the
transponders after writing the write data to one of the
transponders; and determines whether there is an error in the one
of the transponders based on the response signal.
16. The radio communication apparatus of claim 10, wherein: each
word of the data read from the transponders has a respective word
in the write data; the collating unit determines word by word
whether each of the words of the data read matches each of the
words in the write data; and the control unit writes a word of the
write data to the transponder when the word of the write data not
matching a respective one of the words in the read data.
17. The radio communication apparatus of claim 10, wherein the
control unit: skips writing a first word of the write data to the
one of the transponders when the first word matches a respective
word in the read data; and writes a second word of the write data
to the one of the transponders when the second words does not match
a respective word in the read data.
18. The radio communication apparatus of claim 10, wherein: the
collating unit compares a first group of words in the write data to
respective words in the read data; the collating unit compares a
second group of words in the write data to respective words in the
read data; the controlling unit skips writing the first group of
words to the one of the transponders when the first group of words
matches the respective words in the read data; and the controlling
unit writes the second group of words to one of the transponders
when the second group of words does not match the respective words
in the read data.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation application of U.S. Ser.
No. 11/895,819 filed Aug. 28, 2007, which claims the benefit of
priority from prior Japanese Patent Applications No. 2006-247000,
filed Sep. 12, 2006; and No. 2007-205029, filed Aug. 7, 2007, all
of which are incorporated herein by reference in their
entireties.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to a radio communication
apparatus configured to perform radio communication with
radio-frequency identification (RFID) transponders or the like.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] In recent years, much attention has been paid to
transponders from and to which data can be read and written by
radio. Each transponder stores an ID specific to it. The
transponder may be attached to an article, enabling the article to
be identified in non-contact fashion. The transponder is generally
called an RFID tag, RF tag, radio tag or the like. A radio
communication apparatus that accomplishes radio communication with
the transponder is called a reader-writer, an interrogator or the
like.
[0006] Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2003-150914 discloses
a radio communication apparatus that comprises an antenna and a
transponder-supplying mechanism. The transponder-supplying
mechanism supplies transponders, one after another, to a region to
which a radio signal can propagate. The antenna emits and picks up
radio signals to and from the transponders. Thus, the radio
communication apparatus can read data stored in each transponder.
The radio communication apparatus can also write data to each
transponder.
[0007] The conventional transponder can store data, word by word.
One word is two-byte data. Hence, the process of writing data must
be repeated seven times in order to store 14-byte data in the
transponder. If errors occur while the data is being written to the
transponder, the radio communication apparatus needs to perform the
data writing again, from the first step thereof. That is, the
apparatus must start the data writing again, with the step of
detecting the transponder.
[0008] Writing errors are liable to occur in any type of radio
communication apparatus that writes data to transponders that are
moving, like the radio apparatus disclosed in the above-identified
publication. This is because the distance between the antenna of
the apparatus and the transponder changes from time to time. Once a
writing error has been made, the radio communication apparatus
starts the data-writing process again. Inevitably, the radio
communication apparatus of this type has low process
efficiency.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide a radio
communication apparatus that can write data to transponders at high
process efficiency.
[0010] In an embodiment of this invention, on receiving a command
for writing data to a transponder, the reading unit performs radio
communication with the transponder to which data should be written,
thereby reading, in non-contact fashion, a data item stored in the
transponder. The collating unit collates the data read by the
reading unit with a data item to be written to the transponder. If
the data items are not identical, the control unit performs radio
communication with the transponder, thereby writing the data item
to the transponder. If the data items are identical, the control
unit skips the writing of the data item.
[0011] Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be
set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be
obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the
invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be
realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and
combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and
constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of
the invention, and together with the general description given
above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below,
serve to explain the principles of the invention.
[0013] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a
reader-writer according to a first embodiment of this
invention;
[0014] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a
transponder used in the first embodiment;
[0015] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the main memory area of the RAM
provided in the reader-writer according to the first
embodiment;
[0016] FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the major functions of the
CPU provided in the reader-writer according to the first
embodiment:
[0017] FIG. 5 is a flowchart explaining the sequence of the
ID-rewriting process that the CPU of the reader-writer performs in
the first embodiment;
[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates the a data-block division table that is
stored in the RAM of the reader-writer according to a second
embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] FIG. 7 is a flowchart explaining the sequence of
ID-rewriting process that the CPU of the reader-writer performs in
the second embodiment;
[0020] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the word-number setting memory
provided in the RAM of the reader-writer according to a third
embodiment of this invention; and
[0021] FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the sequence of major steps of
the ID-rewriting process that the CPU of the reader-writer
according to the third embodiment performs.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0022] Embodiments according to the best mode for carrying out the
present invention will be described, with reference to the
accompanying drawings. The transponder used in any embodiment will
be referred to as an RFID device, and the radio communication
apparatus according to any embodiment will be referred to as
reader-writer.
First Embodiment
[0023] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a reader-writer 1. The
reader-writer 1 comprises an antenna 11, a transponder-supplying
mechanism 12, a motor 13, and a reader-writer unit 14. The
transponder-supplying unit 12 supplies RFID devices 2, one after
another, to a region to which a radio signal can propagate. The
motor 13 is a driver that drives the transponder-supplying
mechanism 12.
[0024] The reader-writer unit 14 comprises a communication
interface 51, a ROM 52, a RAM 53, a display unit 54, a motor driver
55, a digital modem circuit 56, and a CPU 57. The CPU 57 controls
the communication interface 51, ROM 52, RAM 53, display unit 54,
motor driver 55 and digital modem circuit 56.
[0025] The communication interface 51 controls the data transfer
between the reader-writer unit 14 and a host apparatus such as a
personal computer. The ROM 52 stores fixed data such as programs.
The RAM 53 has a plurality of memory areas. In these memory areas,
variable data is temporarily stored. The display unit 54 displays
errors, if any. The motor driver 55 drives the motor 13.
[0026] The digital modem circuit 56 is connected to the antenna 11.
The digital modem circuit 56 comprises a modulation unit 61 a
transmission amplifier 62, a reception amplifier 63, and a
demodulation unit 64.
[0027] The modulation unit 61 modulates a carrier signal with the
sending digital data supplied from the CPU 57. The transmission
amplifier 62 amplifies the modulated signal output from the
modulation unit 61. The modulated signal amplified is supplied to
the antenna 11.
[0028] The reception amplifier 63 amplifies the modulated signal
the antenna 11 has picked up. The demodulation unit 64 demodulates
the digital received data from the modulated signal amplified by
the reception amplifier 63. The data thus demodulated is supplied
to the CPU 57.
[0029] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of one
of the RFID devices that are identical in configuration. The RFID
device 2 comprises an antenna 21 and an IC chip 22. The IC chip 22
contains a power-generating unit 23, a demodulation unit 24, a
modulation unit 25, a control unit 26, and a memory unit 27. The
control unit 26 controls the other components of the IC chip
22.
[0030] The power-generating unit 23 rectifies and stabilizes the
modulated signal picked up by the antenna 21, thereby generating a
power-supply voltage. The power-supply voltage generated by the
power-generating unit 23 is applied to the components provided in
the IC chip 22. The demodulation unit 24 demodulates the modulated
signal picked up by the antenna 21. The demodulated data is
supplied to the control unit 26. The modulation unit 25 modulates
the data supplied from the control unit 26. The data modulated is
supplied to the antenna 21. The control unit 26 writes the data
demodulated by the demodulation unit 24 to the memory unit 27. The
control unit 26 also reads the data from the memory unit 27 and
supplies this data to the modulation unit 25.
[0031] The memory unit 27 has an ID area 271 and a user area 272.
In the ID area 271, IDs that identify the respective RFID devices 2
are stored. In the user area 272, any data desired can be
written.
[0032] In the first embodiment, the data block that can be written
to the RFID device 2 at a time is one word. One word is two-byte
data (i.e., 16-bit data). As shown in FIG. 2, the ID of the RFID
device 2 is 14-byte data (i.e., seven words). To write the ID to
the RFID device 2, the reader-writer 1 must repeat the writing
process, basically seven times.
[0033] The first word of the ID represents the number of the
remaining words. The remaining words of the ID represent the code
specific to the RFID device. In the first embodiment, the ID
consists of seven words. The first word of the ID is therefore
fixed two-byte data, or "0006" that represents the number of words
(i.e., "6").
[0034] A common ID, "0006000000000000000000000000" is stored in
each RFID device 2. When an RFID device 2 is moved by the
transponder-supplying unit 12 to the region to which a radio signal
can propagate from the antenna 11, its ID is rewritten into the
data specific to the RFID device 2, i.e.,
"0006xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" (each x is any given value). How
such an ID is rewritten will be explained in detail.
[0035] As shown in FIG. 3, the RAM 53 of the reader-writer unit 14
has a write-ID memory 71, a word-counter memory 72, a size-data
memory 73, a read-ID memory 74, a write-word buffer 75, and a
read-word buffer 76.
[0036] As shown in FIG. 4, the CPU 57 of the reader-writer unit 14
can function as a reading unit 57a, a collating unit 57b, and a
control unit 57c. The reading unit 57a operates in accordance with
an ID-write command for the RFID device 2. The ID-write command
contains an ID (hereinafter referred to as write ID) instructing
that data should be written to the RFID device 2.
[0037] The reading unit 57a performs radio communication with the
RFID device 2 to which data should be written, thereby reading the
ID stored in the memory unit 27 of this RFID device 2. The
collating unit 57b collates the ID read by the reading unit 57a
with the write ID. The control unit 57c receives the result of
collation performed by the collating unit 57b. If the ID is not
identical to the write ID, the control unit 57c performs radio
communication with the RFID device 2 to which data should be
written, thereby writing the ID in non-contact fashion. If the ID
is identical to the write ID, the control unit 57c does not write
the ID at all.
[0038] These functions of the CPU 57 are implemented in accordance
with an ID-writing program. The ID-writing program is stored in,
for example, the ROM 52.
[0039] On receiving an ID-write command from the host apparatus via
the communication interface 51, the CPU 57 activates the ID-writing
control program. Once having activated this program, the CPU 57
performs the ID-rewriting process in the sequence shown in the
flowchart of FIG. 5.
[0040] First, the CPU 57 stores the write ID received from the host
apparatus in the write-ID memory 71, in Step ST1.
[0041] Next, the CPU 57 acquires word number A in Step ST2. The
word number A indicates the size of the write ID. The word number A
is "7" because the ID consists of seven words in this embodiment.
The CPU 57 writes the word number A (=7) to the size-data memory 73
in Step ST3. The CPU 57 also resets the count n in the word-counter
memory 72 to value "0."
[0042] Subsequently, the CPU 57 writes an ID to the RFID device 2
in Step ST4. First, the CPU 57 gives an ID-inquiry signal to the
modulation unit 61 of the digital modem circuit 56.
[0043] The modulation unit 61 modulates and amplifies the
ID-inquiry signal, which is supplied to the antenna 11. The antenna
11 emits a radio signal corresponding to the ID-inquiry signal. At
this point, the RFID device 2 can receive this radio signal,
because it exists in the region to which a radio signal can
propagate from the antenna 11. In the RFID device 2 that has
received the radio signal representing the ID-inquiry signal, the
ID stored in the memory unit 27 is modulated, generating a
modulated signal. The modulated signal is emitted from the antenna
21, in the form of a radio signal.
[0044] In the reader-writer 1, the antenna 11 picks up the radio
signal emitted from the RFID device 2. The demodulation unit 64
demodulates the radio signal, back into the ID. The ID is read by
the CPU 57.
[0045] The CPU 57 determines in Step ST5 whether the ID has been
read. The reader-writer 1 cannot read the ID if the RFID device 2
exists outside the region to which a radio signal can propagate
from the antenna 11. The reader-writer 1 cannot read the ID,
either, if the RFID device 2 exists in that region but is broken.
In either case, a writing error occurs. The CPU 57 informs the host
apparatus of the writing error and terminates the process.
[0046] If the ID of the RFID device 2 is read into the
reader-writer 1, the CPU 57 stores the ID (hereinafter referred to
as read ID) in the read-ID memory 74 in Step ST6. Now that the RFID
device 2 has the read ID in the read-ID memory 74, the ID can be
rewritten in the RFID device 2.
[0047] The CPU 57 increases the count of the word-counter memory 72
by "1" in Step ST7. The CPU 57 then determines whether the count n
in the word-counter memory 72 has exceeded the value S stored in
the size-data memory 73 in Step ST8. The value S stored in the
memory 73 is the number A of words constituting the write ID. If
the count n has exceeded the value S, the CPU 57 terminates the
ID-rewriting process. If the count n has not exceeded the value S,
the CPU 57 goes to Step ST9.
[0048] In Step ST9, the CPU 57 acquires the data block WID(n),
i.e., the nth word of the write ID stored in the write-ID memory
71. The CPU 57 also acquires the data block RID(n), i.e., the nth
word of read ID stored in the read-ID memory 74. Note that "n" is
the count of the word-counter memory 72. The CPU 57 stores the data
block WID(n) in the write-word buffer 75. The CPU 57 stores the
data block RID(n) in the read-word buffer 76.
[0049] In Step ST10, the CPU 57 collates the one-word data block
WID(n) stored in the write-word buffer 75 with the one-work data
block RID(n) stored in the read-word buffer 76. If the data blocks
collated are not identical to each other, the CPU 57 goes to Step
ST11.
[0050] In step ST11, the CPU 57 writes the data block WID(n) to the
RFID device 2, in which the ID should be rewritten.
[0051] That is, the CPU 57 generates a data-write command, which is
supplied to the modulation unit 61. The data-write command is
composed of a destination ID and write data. The destination ID is
a read ID stored in the read-ID memory 74. The write data is the
data block WID(n) stored in the write-word buffer 75.
[0052] The data-write command is modulated by the modulation unit
61 and then amplified. The command modulated and amplified is
supplied to the antenna 11. The antenna 11 emits a radio signal
representing the data-write command. At this time, any RFID device
2 that exists in the region to which a radio signal can propagate
from the antenna 11 can receive this radio signal. However, any
RFID device 2 in which the destination ID is not set in the ID area
271, cannot receive this radio signal.
[0053] The RFID device 2, in which the destination ID is set in the
ID area 271, processes the write command contained of the
data-write command. That is, of the IDs stored in the ID area 271,
the nth data block is rewritten to write data. Thus, the data can
be rewritten at a time, in units of rewritable words, in the
writing process performed in accordance with one data-write
command.
[0054] The RFID device 2 determines whether the data block WID(n)
has been rewritten in normal way. If the data block WID(n) has been
rewritten in normal way, the antenna 21 of the RFID device 2 emits
a radio signal that represents a normal-response command. If the
data block WID(n) has not been rewritten in normal way, the antenna
21 emits a radio signal that represents an error-response
command.
[0055] The antenna 11 of the reader-writer 1 picks up the radio
signal emitted from the RFID device 2. In the reader-writer 1, the
demodulation unit 64 demodulates the radio signal to a command,
which is supplied to the CPU 57.
[0056] The CPU 57 determines the type of response command in Step
ST12. If the response command is an error-response command, the CPU
57 determines that the ID-rewriting process is an erroneous one. If
the response command is a normal-response command, the CPU 57
returns to Step ST7.
[0057] In Step ST10, the data blocks collated may be found to be
identical. In this case, the CPU 57 goes returns to Step ST7. That
is, the CPU 57 skips the process of writing the data block
WID(n).
[0058] The CPU 57 performs Steps ST8 to ST12 every time it
increases the count of the word-counter memory 72 by "1." When the
count n in the memory 72 exceeds the stored value S, the CPU 57
terminates the ID-rewriting process.
[0059] The CPU 57 functions as reading unit 57a while performing
Steps ST4 to ST6. The CPU 57 functions as collating unit 57b while
performing Steps ST7 to ST10. The CPU 57 functions as control unit
57c while performing Steps ST10 and ST11.
[0060] Assume that, as shown in FIG. 3, the write ID supplied to
the RFID device 2 is "0006000100020003000400050006" and that the
read ID supplied from the RFID device 2 is
"0006000000000000000000000000."
[0061] In this case, the reader-writer 1 collates the first data
block write ID with that of the read ID. That is, the data block
"0006," i.e., the first word of the write ID, is collated with the
data block "0006," i.e., the first word of the read ID. Since the
data blocks collated are identical, the writing of the data block
"0006" is skipped.
[0062] Next, the second data block "0001," i.e., the second word of
the write ID, is collated with the second data block "0000," i.e.,
the second word of the read ID. Since these data blocks are not
identical, the data block "0001" is written. That is, the second
word of the ID stored in the ID area 271 of the RFID device 2, to
which data should be written, is rewritten, from "0000" to
"0001."
[0063] Then, the third data block "0002," i.e., the third word of
the write ID, is collated with the second data block "0000," i.e.,
the third word of the read ID. In this case, too, the data blocks
collated are not identical, the data block "0002" is written.
[0064] Thereafter, the ID of the RFID device 2 is rewritten, word
by word, in non-contact fashion. More precisely, the fourth word
"0000" is rewritten to "0003," the fifth word "0000" to "0004," the
sixth word "0000" to "0005," and the seven word "0000" to
"0006."
[0065] Thus, the seven-word ID "0006000000000000000000000000"
stored in RFID device 2 is rewritten to
"0006000100020003000400050006" by repeating the data-block
rewriting process six times in total.
[0066] Hitherto, one-word block writing must be repeated seven
times in order to rewrite a seven-word ID. In the first embodiment
of this invention, one-word block writing is repeated only six
times to rewrite a seven-word ID. The time required for the
ID-rewriting process can therefore be shortened.
[0067] While the reader-writer 1 is rewriting the ID, the
transponder-supplying unit 12 keeps moving the RFID device 2, to
which data should be written, downwards with respect to the antenna
11. The RFID device 2 may inevitably go outside the region.
[0068] Assume that the RFID device 2 goes out of that region
immediately after the sixth word, i.e., data block "0005," has been
written to the RFID device 2 in which data should be rewritten.
Then, the seventh word, i.e., data block "0006" is not written.
Consequently, the ID-rewriting process becomes erroneous.
[0069] When the ID-rewriting process becomes erroneous, the RFID
device 2 is moved back into the region to which a radio signal can
propagate from the antenna 11. Then, the ID-rewriting process is
performed again from beginning. That is, it is tried again to
detect the RFID device 2.
[0070] If the RFID device 2 is detected again, the writing of the
first to sixth words is skipped because the first to sixth words
the write ID are all identical to the first to the sixth words of
the read ID. Hence, the reader-writer 1 needs to write one word
only, i.e., the seventh word. That is, the reader-writer 1 rewrites
the ID of the RFID device 2 to "0006000100020003000400050006."
[0071] The step of writing the same data as the data stored in the
RFID device 2 can thus be skipped in the first embodiment. The
data-writing process can be performed at high speed. In other
words, the data-writing process can be performed within a short
time. As a result, the rate of writing error can be reduced even if
the reader-writer 1 is of the type that moves the RFID device 2
downwards with respect to the antenna 11.
[0072] The reader-writer 1 according to the first embodiment skips
the process of writing any data block of the ID to be written to
the RFID device 2, which is identical to the corresponding data
blocks of the ID already stored in the RFID device 2. The RFID
device 2 is detected every time before the reader-writer 1 writes
data to the RFID device 2 in non-contact fashion. To detect the
RFID device 2, it is absolutely necessary to read the ID of the
RFID device 2. In the first embodiment, this absolutely necessary
process step is effectively utilized. No additional steps dedicated
to the reading of the ID from the RFID device 2 are added. This
greatly helps to shorten time required for the ID-rewriting
process.
Second Embodiment
[0073] In the first embodiment, the write ID and the read ID are
collated with each other, word by word. When any word of the write
ID is found different from the corresponding word of the read ID,
the data block for the word is written. The timing of writing the
data block is not limited to this, nevertheless. A second
embodiment of the present invention, in which data block is written
at different timing will be described, with reference to FIGS. 6
and 7.
[0074] In the second embodiment, the write ID and the read ID are
first collated, word by word. After the write ID and the read ID
have been collated, only those data blocks that should be written
to the RFID device 2, which are found different, are written.
[0075] In the second embodiment, too, the data block that can be
written to the RFID device 2 through a single writing step is one
word, and ID of the RFID device 2 is a seven-word data.
[0076] In the second embodiment, the RAM 53 stores such a
data-block division table 80 as shown in FIG. 6. Neither the
write-word buffer 75 nor the read-word buffer 76 are necessary. The
data-block division table 80 can record a one-word data block
WID(n) and a one-word data block RID(n) in association, for each of
the serial table numbers n. Coincidence flags F(n) are stored in
the memory areas for the respective data blocks.
[0077] On receiving an ID-write command from the host apparatus via
the communication interface 51, the CPU 57 activates the ID-writing
program. Once having activated this program, the CPU 57 initializes
the data-block division table 80. As the table 80 is initialized,
the data block WID(n) and the data block RID(n) are cleared and the
coincidence flags F(n) are reset to "0."
[0078] After initializing the data-block division table 80, the CPU
57 performs the ID-rewriting process as shown in the flowchart of
FIG. 7.
[0079] First, the CPU 57 writes the write ID received from the host
apparatus to the write-ID memory 71, in Step ST21.
[0080] The CPU 57 then acquires word number A in Step ST22. The
word number A indicates the size of the write ID. The word number A
is "7" because the ID consists of seven words in this embodiment.
The CPU 57 writes the word number A (=7) to the size-data memory 73
in Step ST23. The CPU 57 also resets the count n in the
word-counter memory 72 to value "0."
[0081] Next, the CPU 57 reads the ID of the RFID device 2 in Step
ST24. The CPU 57 determines in Step ST25 whether the ID has been
successfully read from the RFID device 2. If the ID has been read,
the CPU 57 stores this ID in the read-ID memory 74 in Step ST26.
The RFID device 2 that has the ID thus read becomes an RFID device
in which the ID should be rewritten.
[0082] The CPU 57 increases the count of the word-counter memory 72
by "1" in Step ST27. The CPU 57 then determines whether the count n
in the word-counter memory 72 has exceeded the value S stored in
the size-data memory 73 in Step ST28. The value S stored in the
memory 73 is the number A of words constituting the write ID. If
the count n has exceeded the value S, the CPU 57 terminates the
ID-rewriting process. If the count n has not exceeded the value S,
the CPU 57 goes to Step ST29.
[0083] In Step ST29, the CPU 57 acquires the data block WID(n),
i.e., the nth word of the write ID stored in the write-ID memory
71. The CPU 57 also acquires the data block RID(n), i.e., the nth
word of read ID stored in the read-ID memory 74. Note that "n" is
the count of the word-counter memory 72. The CPU 57 stores the data
block WID(n) and the data block RID(n), thus acquired, in
association in the area for the table-number n in the data-block
division table 80.
[0084] In Step ST30, the CPU 57 collates the data blocks WID(n) and
RID(n), both stored in the area for the table-number n. If the data
blocks collated are identical, the CPU goes to Step ST31. That is,
the CPU 57 sets the coincidence flag F(n), which corresponds to the
table-number n in the data-block division table 80, to "1." If the
data blocks collated are not identical, the CPU 57 skips Step ST31.
Hence, the coincidence flag F(n) for the table-number n in the
data-block division table 80 remains "0." The CPU 57 then goes to
Step ST27.
[0085] The CPU 57 performs Steps ST28 to ST31 every time it
increases the count of the word-counter memory 72 by "1." When the
count n in the memory 72 exceeds the stored value S, the CPU 57
resets the count n in the word-counter memory 72 to "0."
[0086] Next, the CPU 58 increases the count n in the word-counter
memory 72 by "1" in Step ST33. In Step ST34, the CPU 57 determines
whether the count n in the word-counter memory 72 has exceeded the
value S stored in the size-data memory 73. If the count n has not
exceeded the value S, the CPU 57 goes to Step ST35.
[0087] In Step ST35, the CPU 57 checks the coincidence flag F(n)
for the table-number n in the data-block division table 80. If this
coincidence flag F(n) is "0," the data block WID(n) and the data
block RID(n) are not identical to each other. In this case, the CPU
57 writes the data block WID(n) in Step ST36.
[0088] That is, the CPU 57 generates a data-write command, which is
supplied to the modulation unit 61. The data-write command is
composed of a destination ID and write data. The destination ID is
a read ID stored in the read-ID memory 74. The write data is the
data block WID(n) stored in the table number n of the data-block
division table 80.
[0089] The data-write command is modulated by the modulation unit
61 and then amplified. The command modulated and amplified is
supplied to the antenna 11. The antenna 11 emits a radio signal
representing the data-write command. At this time, any RFID device
2 that exists in the region to which a radio signal can propagate
from the antenna 11 can receive this radio signal. However, any
RFID device 2 that has a destination ID for the data-write command
is not set in the ID area 271 of the memory 27 cannot receive this
radio signal.
[0090] The RFID device 2, in which the destination ID is set in the
ID area 271, processes the write command contained of the
data-write command. That is, of the IDs stored in the ID area 271,
the nth data block is rewritten into write data. Thus, the data can
be rewritten at a time, in units of rewritable words, in the
writing process performed in accordance with one data-write
command.
[0091] The RFID device 2 determines whether the data block WID(n)
has been rewritten in normal way. If the data block WID(n) has been
rewritten in normal way, the antenna 21 of the RFID device 2 emits
a radio signal that represents a normal-response command. If the
data block WID(n) has not been rewritten in normal way, the antenna
21 emits a radio signal that represents an error-response
command.
[0092] The antenna 11 of the reader-writer 1 picks up the radio
signal emitted from the RFID device 2. In the reader-writer 1, the
demodulation unit 64 demodulates the radio signal to a command,
which is supplied to the CPU 57.
[0093] The CPU 57 determines the type of response command in Step
ST37. If the response command is an error-response command, the CPU
57 determines that the ID-rewriting process is an erroneous one. If
the response command is a normal-response command, the CPU 57
returns to Step ST33.
[0094] In Step ST35, the coincidence flag F(n) may be found to be
"1." If this is the case, the data block WID(n) and the data block
RID(n) are identical, and the CPU 57 goes to Step S33. That is, the
CPU 57 skips the process of writing the data block WID(n).
[0095] The CPU 57 performs Steps ST34 to ST37 every time it
increases the count of the word-counter memory 72 by "1." When the
count n in the memory 72 exceeds the stored value S, the CPU 57
terminates the ID-rewriting process.
[0096] In the second embodiment, too, the process of writing the
same data as stored in the RFID device 2 can be skipped. The second
embodiment can therefore achieve the same advantage as the first
embodiment.
Third Embodiment
[0097] In the first and second embodiments, the write ID and the
read ID are collated, word by word. There have been developed
various types of RFID devices recently. To the RFID devices of some
types, a data block consisting of two or more words can be written
at a time if the each word is two-byte data. A third embodiment of
the invention, which can write a plurality of words to an RFID
device at a time, will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and
9.
[0098] In the third embodiment, a data block is written at the same
timing as done by the reader-writer according to the first
embodiment.
[0099] A word-number setting memory 90 shown in FIG. 8 is provided
in the RAM 53 in the third embodiment. The word-number setting
memory 90 stores a word-number w that represents the number of data
blocks that can be written to a RFID device 2 at a time. The
minimum value for the word-number w is "2." The maximum is the
largest number of words that can be written at a time. The user may
set, in the word-number setting memory 90, any desired word-number
that ranges from the minimum value to the maximum value.
[0100] On receiving an ID-write command from the host apparatus via
the communication interface 51, the CPU 57 activates the ID-writing
program. Once having activated this program, the CPU 57 performs
the ID-rewriting process in the sequence shown in the flowchart of
FIG. 9.
[0101] First, the CPU 57 writes the write ID received from the host
apparatus to the write-ID memory 71, in Step ST41.
[0102] Next, the CPU 57 acquires word number A in Step ST42. The
word number A indicates the size of the write ID. The word number A
is "7" because the ID consists of seven words in this embodiment.
The CPU 57 writes the word number A (=7) to the size-data memory 73
in Step ST43. The CPU 57 also resets the count n in the
word-counter memory 72 to value "0."
[0103] Subsequently, the CPU 57 reads the ID of the RFID device 2
in Step ST44. The CPU 57 determines in Step ST45 whether the ID has
been successfully read from the RFID device 2. If the reader-writer
1 has read the ID of the RFID device 2, the CPU 57 stores this ID
in the read-ID memory 74 in Step ST46. The CPU 57 then recognizes
the RFID device 2 having this ID as an RFID device in which the ID
should be rewritten.
[0104] The CPU 57 increases the count of the word-counter memory 72
by "1" in Step ST47. In Step ST48, the CPU 57 then calculates
values P and Q (P<Q), using the following equations (1) and
(2).
P=(n-1)w+1 (1)
Q=nw (2)
[0105] where n is the count of the word-counter memory 72, and w is
the word-number set in the word-number setting memory 90.
[0106] The CPU 57 determines whether the value P calculated in
accordance with the equation (1) has exceeded the value S stored in
the size-data memory 73 in Step ST49. The value S stored in the
memory 73 is the number A of words constituting the write ID. If
the count P has exceeded the value S, the CPU 57 terminates the
ID-rewriting process. If the count P has not exceeded the value S,
the CPU 57 goes to Step ST50.
[0107] In Step ST50, the CPU 57 acquires the Pth word to the Qth
word of the write ID stored in the write-ID memory 71. That is, the
CPU 57 acquires data block WID(P) to data block WID(Q). The data
blocks, from the block WID(P) to the block WID(Q), will be referred
to as data-block group WID(R). The CPU 57 stores the data-block
group WID(R) in the write-word buffer 75.
[0108] In Step ST51, the CPU 57 acquires the Pth word to the Qth
word of the read ID stored in the read-ID memory 74. That is, the
CPU 57 acquires data block RID(P) to data block RID(Q). The data
blocks, from the block RID(P) to the block RID(Q), will be referred
to as data-block group RID(R). The CPU 57 stores the data-block
group RID(R) in the read-word buffer 76.
[0109] "P" and "Q" are values calculated in accordance with the
equations (1) and (2), respectively. The number of data blocks,
from Pth word to the Qth word, is equal to the word-number w set in
the word-number setting memory 90.
[0110] The CPU 57 collates the data-block group WID(R) stored in
the write-word buffer 75 with the data-block group RID(R) stored in
the read-word buffer 76 in Step ST52. If these data-block groups
are not identical, the CPU 57 writes, in Step ST53, the data-block
group WID(R) to the RFID device 2 in which the ID should be
rewritten.
[0111] That is, the CPU 57 generates a data-write command, which is
supplied to the modulation unit 61. The data-write command is
composed of a destination ID and write data. The destination ID is
a read ID stored in the read-ID memory 74. The write data is the
data-block group WID(R) stored in the write-word buffer 75.
[0112] The data-write command is modulated by the modulation unit
61 and then amplified. The command modulated and amplified is
supplied to the antenna 11. The antenna 11 emits a radio signal
representing the data-write command. At this time, any RFID device
2 that exists in the region to which a radio signal can propagate
from the antenna 11 can receive this radio signal. However, any
RFID device 2 for which the destination ID of the data-write
command is not set in the ID area 271 of the memory 27 cannot
receive this radio signal.
[0113] The RFID device 2, in which the destination ID is set in the
ID area 271, processes the write data contained of the data-write
command. That is, of the IDs stored in the ID area 271, the Pth
data block to Qth data block are rewritten to write data. Thus, the
data can be rewritten at a time, in units of word-number w, in the
writing process performed in accordance with one data-write
command.
[0114] The RFID device 2 determines whether the data-block group
WID(R) has been rewritten in normal way. If the data-block group
WID(R) has been rewritten in normal way, the antenna 21 of the RFID
device 2 emits a radio signal that represents a normal-response
command. If the data-block group WID(R) has not been rewritten in
normal way, the antenna 21 emits a radio signal that represents an
error-response command.
[0115] The antenna 11 of the reader-writer 1 picks up a radio
signal emitted from the RFID device 2. In the reader-writer 1, the
demodulation unit 64 demodulates the radio signal to a command,
which is supplied to the CPU 57.
[0116] The CPU 57 determines the type of response command in Step
ST54. If the response command is an error-response command, the CPU
57 determines that the ID-rewriting process is an erroneous one. If
the response command is a normal-response command, the CPU 57
returns to Step ST47.
[0117] In Step ST52, the data-block groups collated may be found to
be identical to each other. In this case, the CPU 57 goes returns
to Step ST47. That is, the CPU 57 skips the process of writing the
data block group WID(R).
[0118] The CPU 57 performs Steps ST48 to ST54 every time it
increases the count of the word-counter memory 72 by "1." When the
count n in the memory 72 exceeds the calculated value P, the CPU 57
terminates the ID-rewriting process.
[0119] Assume that the write ID supplied to the RFID device 2 is
"0006000100020003000400050006" and that the read ID supplied from
the RFID device 2 is "0006000010000000000000000000."
[0120] Also assume that the word-number w set in the word-number
setting memory 90 is "2." Then, the reader-writer 1 collates the
data-block group "00060001", or the first and second words of the
write ID, with the data-block group "00060001," or the first and
second words of the read ID. Since the data-block groups collated
are identical, the writing of the data-block group "00060001" is
skipped.
[0121] Next, the data-block group "00020003", or the third and
fourth words of the write ID, is collated with the data-block group
"00000000," or the third and fourth words of the read ID. Since the
data-block groups collated are not identical, the data-block group
"00020003" is written. That is, the third and fourth words of the
ID stored in the ID area 271 of the RFID device 2 is rewritten,
from "00000000" to "00020003."
[0122] Further, the data-block group "00040005," or the fifth and
sixth words of the write ID, is collated with the data-block group
"00000000," or the fifth and sixth words of the read ID. In this
case, too, the data-block groups collated are not identical. The
data-block group "00040005" is therefore written.
[0123] Still further, the data-block group, or the seventh and
eighth words of the write ID, is collated with the data-block
group, or the seventh and eighth words of the read ID. Since the
IDs are seven-word data, each, the seventh word of the write ID,
"0006," is collated with the seventh word of the read ID, "0000."
In this case, too, the data blocks collated are not identical. The
data block "0006" is therefore written.
[0124] Thus, the seven-word ID stored in the RFID device 2, i.e.,
"0006000010000000000000000000," can be rewritten to a write ID
"0006000100020003000400050006" by performing the data-block writing
process four times.
[0125] In the first embodiment, the data-block writing process must
be performed six times in order to rewrite the seven-word ID. In
the third embodiment, it suffices to perform the process four times
only. This further shortens time required for the ID-rewriting
process.
[0126] Needless to say, the third embodiment will operate in the
same way as the first embodiment if the word-number w is "1."
[0127] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments
described above. The components of any embodiment can be modified
in various manners in reducing the invention to practice, without
departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
[0128] The invention can be applied to a reader-writer that
rewrites the data stored in the user area 272 of the RFID device 2,
not the ID stored in the ID area 271 of the RFID device 2 as in the
embodiments described above.
[0129] In the embodiments described above, the RFID device 2, to
which data should be written, is kept moving downwards with respect
to the antenna 11 while the reader-writer 1 is rewriting the ID.
Nonetheless, the present invention can be applied to a
reader-writer than can read and write data from and to RFID devices
2 that are not moved at all. Further, the invention can be applied
to a reader-writer that prints data on the surfaces of the RFID
device 2 at any position upstream or downstream of the antenna
11.
[0130] Further, the components of the embodiments described above
may be combined, if necessary, in various ways to make different
inventions. For example, some of the component of any embodiment
may not be used. Moreover, the components of the different
embodiments may be combined in any desired fashion.
[0131] Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur
to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its
broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and
representative embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly,
various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit
or scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the
appended claims and their equivalents.
* * * * *