U.S. patent application number 13/029370 was filed with the patent office on 2011-08-18 for pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing and ink jet textile printing process.
This patent application is currently assigned to Seiko Epson Corporation. Invention is credited to Masahiro Yatake.
Application Number | 20110200751 13/029370 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44168077 |
Filed Date | 2011-08-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110200751 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yatake; Masahiro |
August 18, 2011 |
PRETREATMENT AGENT FOR INK JET TEXTILE PRINTING AND INK JET TEXTILE
PRINTING PROCESS
Abstract
Provided is a pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing
that can provide printed matters on fabric with high
color-developing properties and less bleeding. The pretreatment
agent includes at least water and (A) a multivalent metal ion and
polymer fine particles, (B) a cationic polymer and polymer fine
particles, or (C) cationic polymer fine particles.
Inventors: |
Yatake; Masahiro;
(Shiojiri-shi, JP) |
Assignee: |
Seiko Epson Corporation
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
44168077 |
Appl. No.: |
13/029370 |
Filed: |
February 17, 2011 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
427/261 ;
524/556; 977/773; 977/961 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06P 1/6735 20130101;
D06P 1/67358 20130101; D06P 1/445 20130101; D06P 1/44 20130101;
D06P 1/67375 20130101; D06P 1/67341 20130101; C09D 11/40 20130101;
D06P 1/5242 20130101; D06P 5/30 20130101; C09D 11/54 20130101; C09D
11/322 20130101; D06P 1/5257 20130101; D06P 1/525 20130101; B41J
3/4078 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
427/261 ;
524/556; 977/773; 977/961 |
International
Class: |
B05D 3/10 20060101
B05D003/10; C09D 133/00 20060101 C09D133/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 18, 2010 |
JP |
2010-033248 |
Feb 18, 2010 |
JP |
2010-033249 |
Feb 18, 2010 |
JP |
2010-033250 |
Claims
1. A pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing being used
previous to printing of ink on fabric, the pretreatment agent
comprising: at least water, a multivalent metal ion, and polymer
fine particles, wherein the polymer fine particles are an acrylic
polymer; the polymer fine particles have a glass transition
temperature of -10.degree. C. or less; the polymer fine particles
have an acid number of 50 mg KOH/g or less; and the polymer fine
particles have a particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or
less when determined by light scattering.
2. An ink jet textile printing process comprising: pretreating
fabric with the pretreatment agent according to claim 1; and then
printing ink on the fabric.
3. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 2,
wherein the fabric is made of one kind of fiber or blended fiber of
two or more selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp,
rayon fiber, acetate fiber, silk, nylon fiber, and polyester
fiber.
4. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 2,
wherein the pretreatment agent has a particle diameter of 1 .mu.m
or less and is applied to fabric by an ink jet process.
5. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 2,
wherein the pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing
according to claim 1 and an ink composition for ink jet textile
printing are used.
6. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 5,
wherein the ink composition includes a pigment serving as a color
material and being self-dispersing or being dispersed in an acrylic
resin.
7. A pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing being used
previous to printing of ink on fabric, the pretreatment agent
comprising: at least water, a cationic polymer, and polymer fine
particles, wherein the polymer fine particles are an acrylic
polymer; the polymer fine particles have a glass transition
temperature of -10.degree. C. or less; the polymer fine particles
have a mass-average molecular weight of 100000 or more; and the
polymer fine particles have a particle diameter of 50 nm or more
and 5 .mu.m or less when determined by light scattering.
8. An ink jet textile printing process comprising: pretreating
fabric with the pretreatment agent according to claim 7; and then
printing ink on the fabric.
9. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 8,
wherein the fabric is made of one kind of fiber or blended fiber of
two or more selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp,
rayon fiber, acetate fiber, silk, nylon fiber, and polyester
fiber.
10. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 8,
wherein the pretreatment agent has a particle diameter of 1 .mu.m
or less and is applied to fabric by an ink jet process.
11. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 8,
wherein the pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing
according to claim 7 and an ink composition for ink jet textile
printing are used.
12. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 11,
wherein the ink composition includes a pigment serving as a color
material and being self-dispersing or being dispersed in an acrylic
resin.
13. A pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing being used
previous to printing of ink on fabric, the pretreatment agent
comprising: at least water and cationic polymer fine particles,
wherein the cationic polymer fine particles have a glass transition
temperature of -10.degree. C. or less; the cationic polymer fine
particles have a mass-average molecular weight of 100000 or more;
and the cationic polymer fine particles have a particle diameter of
50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less when determined by light
scattering.
14. An ink jet textile printing process comprising: pretreating
fabric with the pretreatment agent according to claim 13; and then
printing ink on the fabric.
15. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 14,
wherein the fabric is made of one kind of fiber or blended fiber of
two or more selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp,
rayon fiber, acetate fiber, silk, nylon fiber, and polyester
fiber.
16. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 14,
wherein the pretreatment agent has a particle diameter of 1 .mu.m
or less and is applied to fabric by an ink jet process.
17. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 14,
wherein the pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing
according to claim 13 and an ink composition for ink jet textile
printing are used.
18. The ink jet textile printing process according to claim 17,
wherein the ink composition includes a pigment serving as a color
material and being self-dispersing or being dispersed in an acrylic
resin.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] 1. Technical Field
[0002] The present invention relates to a pretreatment agent for
ink jet textile printing that can provide printed matters on fabric
with high color-developing properties and less bleeding, and also
relates to an ink jet textile printing process using the
pretreatment agent.
[0003] 2. Related Art
[0004] Ink jet textile printing has advantages in that labor hours
for printing plates, such as producing, storing, and washing of the
plates, are not necessary, unlike known textile printing, and that
images excellent in gradient can be formed on-demand. The method of
printing on fabric by an ink jet system is suitable for producing
high-mix, low-volume products, can reduce loads due to liquid waste
disposal, and enables a reduction in delivery time, and is, in
these respects, superior to existing printing processes, such as
screen textile printing.
[0005] In printing on fabric by the ink jet system, an ink having a
low viscosity of about 10 mPas or less is usually used in terms of
discharging property, or the fabric is generally subjected to
specific pretreatment from the viewpoint of preventing bleeding
after printing, since the fabric is insufficient in function of
promptly absorbing ink and fixing it. For example, JP-B-63-31594
discloses fabric for ink jet dyeing, wherein the fabric is
pretreated with a certain amount of a pretreatment agent composed
of a water-soluble polymer substantially not dyeing the dye that
dyes the fabric and a water-soluble salt or water-insoluble
inorganic fine particles to provide a sharp and clear image.
[0006] In addition, for example, JP-B-4-35351 discloses an ink jet
textile printing process using a high-temperature reactive dye ink,
wherein a cellulose fiber structure is pretreated with an alkaline
material, urea, and a nonionic or anionic water-soluble polymer to
enable dyeing deep colors clearly and without bleeding.
[0007] The purposes of any of the above-described methods are
prevention of bleeding of images and acquisition of clear and
high-concentration dyed matters, but the color density and the
clearness achieved by these methods are still lower than those of
dyed matters obtained by existing screen textile printing.
Furthermore, in these pretreatment processes, in usual, a
pretreatment agent is applied to fabric by means of, for example,
dipping or coating. However, there are a tendency that bleeding is
further increased with a recent increase in printing speed, and
thereby a demand for further improvement in pretreatment
prescription for preventing bleeding.
[0008] At the same time, in order to prevent bleeding in printing
on fabric, various methods and technologies have been disclosed.
For example, JP-A-60-81379 and JP-A-2003-55886 disclose methods
preventing bleeding by utilizing interaction between components in
ink and components applied to fabric by pretreatment. These methods
are accompanied by an increase in steps, that is, specific
treatment of fabric, and the ink needs to contain an additional
component (e.g., gelling adhesive), which causes a problem to
deteriorate storage stability of the ink.
[0009] Furthermore, for example, JP-A-2002-19263 discloses a
technology utilizing interaction between an ink and another liquid
separately prepared. This method does not need pretreatment of
fabric, but cannot be practically used because of insufficient
effect of preventing bleeding and deterioration in storage
stability of the ink. Therefore, there is a demand for development
an ink jet textile printing process that can provide a printed
matter having a high color-developing property and being very low
in bleeding.
SUMMARY
[0010] Advantages of some aspects of the invention are to provide a
pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing that can provide a
printed matter having a high color-developing property and being
low in bleeding of ink on fabric, an ink composition for ink jet
textile printing, an ink jet textile printing process using them,
and printed fabric.
[0011] An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to solve at
least a part of the problems described above, and the invention can
be realized as the following aspects or application examples.
Aspect A
APPLICATION EXAMPLE A1
[0012] A pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing in which
fabric is pretreated with the pretreatment agent previous to
printing of ink on the fabric with an ink jet system contains at
least water, a polyvalent metal ion, and polymer fine particles.
The polymer fine particles are an acrylic polymer and have a glass
transition temperature of -10.degree. C. or less, an acid number of
50 mg KOH/g or less, and a particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 5
.mu.m or less when determined by light scattering.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE A2
[0013] The fabric to be pretreated with the pretreatment agent for
ink jet textile printing according to Application Example A1 is
made of one kind of fiber or blended fiber of two or more selected
from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fiber, acetate
fiber, silk, nylon fiber, and polyester fiber.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE A3
[0014] An ink jet textile printing process for printing on fabric
by an ink jet system includes pretreatment of the fabric with a
pretreatment agent containing at least water, a polyvalent metal
ion, and polymer fine particles previous to printing of ink on the
fabric, wherein the polymer fine particles are an acrylic polymer
and have a glass transition temperature of -10.degree. C. or less,
an acid number of 50 mg KOH/g or less, and a particle diameter of
50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less when determined by light
scattering.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE A4
[0015] The ink jet textile printing process according to
Application Example A3, wherein the fabric is made of one kind of
fiber or blended fiber of two or more selected from the group
consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fiber, acetate fiber, silk, nylon
fiber, and polyester fiber.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE A5
[0016] The ink jet textile printing process according to
Application Example A3 or A4, wherein the pretreatment agent has a
particle diameter of 1 .mu.m or less and is applied to fabric by an
ink jet process.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE A6
[0017] The ink jet textile printing process according to any one of
Application Examples A3 to A5, wherein the pretreatment agent for
ink jet textile printing according to Application Example A1 or A2
and an ink composition for ink jet textile printing are used.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE A7
[0018] An ink jet textile printing process according to Application
Example A6, wherein the ink composition includes a pigment serving
as a color material that is self-dispersing or is dispersed in an
acrylic resin.
Aspect B
APPLICATION EXAMPLE B1
[0019] A pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing in which
fabric is pretreated with the pretreatment agent previous to
printing of ink on the fabric with an ink jet system contains at
least water, a cationic polymer, and polymer fine particles. The
polymer fine particles are an acrylic polymer and have a glass
transition temperature of -10.degree. C. or less, a mass-average
molecular weight of 100000 or more, and a particle diameter of 50
nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less when determined by light
scattering.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE B2
[0020] The fabric to be pretreated with the pretreatment agent for
ink jet textile printing according to Application Example B1 is
made of one kind of fiber or blended fiber of two or more selected
from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fiber, acetate
fiber, silk, nylon fiber, and polyester fiber.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE B3
[0021] An ink jet textile printing process for printing on fabric
by an ink jet system includes pretreatment of the fabric with a
pretreatment agent containing at least water, a cationic polymer,
and polymer fine particles previous to printing of ink on the
fabric, wherein the polymer fine particles are an acrylic polymer
and have a glass transition temperature of -10.degree. C. or less,
a mass-average molecular weight of 100000 or more, and a particle
diameter of 50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less when determined by
light scattering.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE B4
[0022] The ink jet textile printing process according to
Application Example B3, wherein the fabric is made of one kind of
fiber or blended fiber of two or more selected from the group
consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fiber, acetate fiber, silk, nylon
fiber, and polyester fiber.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE B5
[0023] The ink jet textile printing process according to
Application Example B3 or B4, wherein the pretreatment agent has a
particle diameter of 1 .mu.m or less and is applied to fabric by an
ink jet process.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE B6
[0024] The ink jet textile printing process according to any one of
Application Examples B3 to B5, wherein the pretreatment agent for
ink jet textile printing according to Application Example B1 or B2
and an ink composition for ink jet textile printing are used.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE B7
[0025] An ink jet textile printing process according to Application
Example B6, wherein the ink composition includes a pigment serving
as a color material that is self-dispersing or is dispersed in an
acrylic resin.
Aspect C
APPLICATION EXAMPLE C1
[0026] A pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing in which
fabric is pretreated with the pretreatment agent previous to
printing of ink on the fabric with an ink jet system contains at
least water and cationic polymer fine particles. The cationic
polymer fine particles have a glass transition temperature of
-10.degree. C. or less, a mass-average molecular weight of 100000
or more, and a particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or
less when determined by light scattering.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE C2
[0027] The fabric to be pretreated with the pretreatment agent for
ink jet textile printing according to Application Example C1 is
made of one kind of fiber or blended fiber of two or more selected
from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fiber, acetate
fiber, silk, nylon fiber, and polyester fiber.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE C3
[0028] An ink jet textile printing process for printing on fabric
by an ink jet system includes pretreatment of the fabric with a
pretreatment agent containing at least water and cationic polymer
fine particles previous to printing of ink on the fabric, wherein
the cationic polymer fine particles have a glass transition
temperature of -10.degree. C. or less, a mass-average molecular
weight of 100000 or more, and a particle diameter of 50 nm or more
and 5 .mu.m or less when determined by light scattering.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE C4
[0029] The ink jet textile printing process according to
Application Example C3, wherein the fabric is made of one kind of
fiber or blended fiber of two or more selected from the group
consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fiber, acetate fiber, silk, nylon
fiber, and polyester fiber.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE C5
[0030] The ink jet textile printing process according to
Application Example C3 or C4, wherein the pretreatment agent has a
particle diameter of 1 .mu.m or less and is applied to fabric by an
ink jet process.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE C6
[0031] The ink jet textile printing process according to any one of
Application Examples C3 to C5, wherein the pretreatment agent for
ink jet textile printing according to Application Example C1 or C2
and an ink composition for ink jet textile printing are used.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE C7
[0032] An ink jet textile printing process according to Application
Example C6, wherein the ink composition includes a pigment serving
as a color material that is self-dispersing or is dispersed in an
acrylic resin.
[0033] According to aspects of the invention, provided are a
pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing that can provide a
printed matter having a high color-developing property and being
low in bleeding of ink on fabric, an ink composition for ink jet
textile printing, an ink jet textile printing process using them,
and printed fabric.
Description of Exemplary Embodiments
Embodiment A
[0034] The present inventors have conducted intensive studies and
have found that in an ink jet textile printing process for printing
on fabric by an ink jet system including pretreatment of the fabric
with a pretreatment agent containing at least water, a polyvalent
metal ion, and polymer fine particles previous to printing of ink
on the fabric, a printed matter having a high color-developing
property and being low in bleeding of ink can be formed on the
fabric, when the polymer fine particles are an acrylic polymer and
have a glass transition temperature of -10.degree. C. or less, an
acid number of 50 mg KOH/g or less, and a particle diameter of 50
nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less when determined by light
scattering.
Embodiment B
[0035] The inventors have also found that as another embodiment, in
an ink jet textile printing process for printing on fabric by an
ink jet system including pretreatment of the fabric with a
pretreatment agent containing at least water, a cationic polymer,
and polymer fine particles previous to printing of ink on the
fabric, a printed matter having a high color-developing property
and being low in bleeding of ink can be formed on the fabric, when
the polymer fine particles are an acrylic polymer and have a glass
transition temperature of -10.degree. C. or less, a mass-average
molecular weight of 100000 or more, and a particle diameter of 50
nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less when determined by light
scattering.
Embodiment C
[0036] The inventors have also found that as another embodiment, in
an ink jet textile printing process for printing on fabric by an
ink jet system including pretreatment of the fabric with a
pretreatment agent containing at least water and cationic polymer
fine particles previous to printing of ink on the fabric, a printed
matter having a high color-developing property and being low in
bleeding of ink can be formed on the fabric, when the cationic
polymer fine particles have a glass transition temperature of
-10.degree. C. or less, a mass-average molecular weight of 100000
or more, and a particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or
less when determined by light scattering.
[0037] The inventors have also found that the above-mentioned
effects of the invention can be further enhanced when any of the
pretreatment agents A to C for ink jet textile printing having the
compositions defined in Embodiments A to C is applied to fabric
made of one kind of fiber or blended fiber of two or more selected
from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fiber, acetate
fiber, silk, nylon fiber, and polyester fiber.
[0038] Embodiments according to some aspects of the invention will
be described in detail below.
[0039] In this embodiment, a printed matter formed on fabric by the
ink jet textile printing process using a pretreatment agent for ink
jet textile printing is obtained by pretreating the fabric with the
pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing (hereinafter also
simply referred to as "pretreatment agent"), subsequently, applying
ink containing a color material by an ink jet system onto the
fabric, which contains fiber capable of being printed, and then
performing at least heat treatment to complete the printing on the
fabric.
[0040] The pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing will now
be described.
Pretreatment Agent A for Ink Jet Textile Printing
[0041] The pretreatment agent of Embodiment A contains at least
water, a polyvalent metal ion, and polymer fine particles and is
used in ink jet textile printing in which fabric is pretreated with
the pretreatment agent previous to printing of ink on the fabric by
an ink jet system, wherein the polymer fine particles are an
acrylic polymer and have a glass transition temperature of
-10.degree. C. or less, an acid number of 50 mg KOH/g or less, and
a particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less when
determined by light scattering.
[0042] The glass transition temperature of the polymer fine
particles is preferably -10.degree. C. or less. A glass transition
temperature higher than -10.degree. C. causes a decrease in
property fixing to fabric. The glass transition temperature is
preferably -15.degree. C. or less and more preferably -20.degree.
C. or less. The acid number of the polymer fine particles contained
in the pretreatment agent is preferably 50 mg KOH/g or less. If the
acid number is higher than 50 mg KOH/g, the stability of the
pretreatment agent is deteriorated by the influence of the
polyvalent metal ion contained in the pretreatment agent.
Furthermore, the particle diameter of the polymer fine particles
contained in the pretreatment agent is preferably 50 nm or more and
5 .mu.m or less. If the particle diameter is smaller than 50 nm,
the stability of the pretreatment agent is deteriorated by the
influence of the coexisting polyvalent metal ion. If the particle
diameter is larger than 5 .mu.m, the ink is not well spread on
fabric, resulting in deterioration in fixing property.
[0043] The polymer fine particles contained in the pretreatment
agent preferably has a styrene-reduced mass-average molecular
weight of 100000 to 1000000 when determined by gel permeation
chromatography (GPC). Within this range, the fixing property of the
pigment of a printed matter on fabric is improved. The
styrene-reduced mass-average molecular weight is more preferably
100000 to 300000 and most preferably 130000 to 200000. A
styrene-reduced mass-average molecular weight of smaller than
100000 reduces washing fastness of the printed matter on
fabric.
[0044] The acrylic polymer constituting the polymer fine particles
contained in the pretreatment agent is an alkyl (meth)acrylate
and/or cyclic alkyl (meth)acrylate and is preferably an alkyl
(meth)acrylate having 1 to 24 carbon atoms and/or cyclic alkyl
(meth)acrylate having 3 to 24 carbon atoms. Examples of the acrylic
polymer include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl
(meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate,
pentyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl
(meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl
(meth)acrylate, t-butylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl
(meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylate,
stearyl (meth)acrylate, isostearyl (meth)acrylate,
tetramethylpiperidyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl
(meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxy
(meth)acrylate, and behenyl (meth)acrylate.
[0045] The content of the alkyl (meth)acrylate and/or the cyclic
alkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably 70% by mass (hereinafter simply
referred to as "%" unless otherwise noted) or more based on the
total mass of the polymer fine particles. Within this range, the
rubbing fastness in both dry and wet rubbing and the dry-cleaning
resistance of a printed matter on fabric are further improved.
[0046] The acid that can be used in the acrylic polymer is
preferably an organic compound having, for example, sulfonic acid,
sulfamic acid, silicic acid, metasilisic acid, phosphoric acid,
metaphosphoric acid, boric acid, or thiosulfuric acid. An acid
having a carboxyl group aggregates with the polyvalent metal ion
and, therefore, is not preferred.
[0047] The average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles
is measured by light scattering. The particle diameter of the
polymer fine particles determined by the light scattering is
preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm
or more and 300 nm or less. If the particle diameter is smaller
than 50 nm, the fixing property of a printed matter on fabric
decreases, and if the particle diameter is larger than 500 nm,
dispersion stability decreases. Furthermore, when a pigment fixing
solution is ink jet printed, the discharge from an ink jet head
tends to be unstable.
[0048] Examples of the multivalent metal ion that can be contained
in the pretreatment agent include water-soluble metal salts formed
from b1- or higher valent metal cations, such as magnesium,
calcium, strontium, barium, zirconium, and aluminum, and anions,
such as a fluoride ion (F.sup.-), a chloride ion (Cl.sup.-), a
bromide ion (Br.sup.-), a sulfate ion (SO.sub.4.sup.2-), a nitrate
ion (NO.sub.3.sup.-), and an acetate ion (CH.sub.3COO.sup.-).
[0049] These polyvalent metal ions have a function of aggregating
ink by acting on the carboxyl groups on the surface of the pigment
in the ink, a dispersing polymer, or the polymer fine particles
contained in the ink to prevent the ink from permeating into
fabric. As a result, the ink remains on the surface of the fabric
to improve the color-developing property. Therefore, it is
necessary that any of the surface of the pigment in the ink, the
dispersing polymer, and the polymer fine particles contained in the
ink has a carboxyl group.
[0050] The pretreatment agent may contain a water-soluble organic
solvent. Examples of the water-soluble organic solvent include
polyols (e.g., ethylene glycol, glycerin,
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, tetraethylene glycol,
triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,2,4-butanetriol,
diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene
glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-pentanediol,
1,2-pentanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol,
2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol,
3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol), amines
(e.g., ethanolamine, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol), monohydric
alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and butanol), alkyl ethers of
polyhydric alcohols (e.g., diethylene glycol monomethyl ether,
diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl
ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol
monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol
monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, and dipropylene
glycol monomethyl ether), 2,2'-thiodiethanol, amides (e.g.,
N,N-dimethylformamide), heterocycles (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone and
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and acetonitrile.
Pretreatment Agent B for Ink Jet Textile Printing
[0051] The pretreatment agent of Embodiment B contains at least
water, a cationic polymer, and polymer fine particles and is used
in ink jet textile printing in which fabric is pretreated with the
pretreatment agent previous to printing of ink on the fabric by an
ink jet system, wherein the polymer fine particles are an acrylic
polymer and have a glass transition temperature of -10.degree. C.
or less, a mass-average molecular weight of 100000 or more, and a
particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less when
determined by light scattering.
[0052] The glass transition temperature of the polymer fine
particles is preferably -10.degree. C. or less. A glass transition
temperature higher than -10.degree. C. causes a decrease in
property fixing to fabric. The glass transition temperature is
preferably -15.degree. C. or less and more preferably -20.degree.
C. or less. The acid number of the polymer fine particles contained
in the pretreatment agent is preferably 50 mg KOH/g or less. If the
acid number is higher than 50 mg KOH/g, the stability of the
pretreatment agent is deteriorated by the influence of the cationic
polymer contained in the pretreatment agent. Furthermore, the
particle diameter of the polymer fine particles contained in the
pretreatment agent is preferably 50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less.
If the particle diameter is smaller than 50 nm, the stability of
the pretreatment agent is deteriorated by the influence of the
coexisting cationic polymer. If the particle diameter is larger
than 5 .mu.m, the ink does not well spread on fabric, resulting in
deterioration in fixing property.
[0053] The polymer fine particles contained in the pretreatment
agent preferably has a styrene-reduced mass-average molecular
weight of 100000 to 1000000 when determined by gel permeation
chromatography (GPC). Within this range, the fixing property of the
pigment of a printed matter on fabric is improved. The
styrene-reduced mass-average molecular weight is more preferably
100000 to 300000 and most preferably 130000 to 200000. A
styrene-reduced mass-average molecular weight of smaller than
100000 reduces washing fastness of the printed matter on
fabric.
[0054] The acrylic polymer constituting the polymer fine particles
contained in the pretreatment agent is an alkyl (meth)acrylate
and/or cyclic alkyl (meth)acrylate and is preferably an alkyl
(meth)acrylate having 1 to 24 carbon atoms and/or cyclic alkyl
(meth)acrylate having 3 to 24 carbon atoms. Examples of the acrylic
polymer include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl
(meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate,
pentyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl
(meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl
(meth)acrylate, t-butylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl
(meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylate,
stearyl (meth)acrylate, isostearyl (meth)acrylate,
tetramethylpiperidyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl
(meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxy
(meth)acrylate, and behenyl (meth)acrylate.
[0055] The content of the alkyl (meth)acrylate and/or the cyclic
alkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably 70% or more based on the total
amount of the polymer fine particles. Within this range, the
rubbing fastness in both dry and wet rubbing and the dry-cleaning
resistance of a printed matter on fabric are further improved.
[0056] The acid that can be used in the acrylic polymer is
preferably an organic compound having, for example, sulfonic acid,
sulfamic acid, silicic acid, metasilisic acid, phosphoric acid,
metaphosphoric acid, boric acid, or thiosulfuric acid. An acid
having a carboxyl group aggregates with the cationic polymer and,
therefore, is not preferred.
[0057] The average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles
is measured by light scattering. The particle diameter of the
polymer fine particles determined by the light scattering is
preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm
or more and 300 nm or less. If the particle diameter is smaller
than 50 nm, the fixing property of a printed matter on fabric
decreases, and if the particle diameter is larger than 500 nm,
dispersion stability decreases. Furthermore, when a pigment fixing
solution is ink jet printed, the discharge of the solution from an
ink jet head tends to be unstable.
[0058] Examples of the cationic polymer that can be contained in
the pretreatment agent include polyallylamine, polyallylamine
sulfate, polyallylamine hydrochloride, allylamine/diallylamine
copolymer, allylamine/diallylamine copolymer sulfate,
allylamine/diallylamine copolymer hydrochloride, allylamine
dimethylallylamine, allylamine/dimethylallylamine copolymer
sulfate, allylamine/dimethylallylamine copolymer hydrochloride,
diallylamine, diallylamine sulfate, diallylamine hydrochloride,
methyldiallylamine amide, methyldiallylamine amide sulfate,
methyldiallylamine amide hydrochloride, diallylamine sulfur dioxide
copolymer, diallylamine sulfur dioxide copolymer sulfate,
diallylamine sulfur dioxide copolymer hydrochloride, methyl
diallylamine sulfur dioxide copolymer, methyldiallylamine sulfur
dioxide copolymer sulfate, and methyldiallylamine sulfur dioxide
copolymer hydrochloride. These cationic polymers are commercially
available, for example, from Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. as PAA series
or PAS series. These cationic polymers have a function of
aggregating ink by acting on the carboxyl groups on the surface of
the pigment in the ink, a dispersing polymer, or the polymer fine
particles contained in the ink to prevent the ink from permeating
into fabric. As a result, the ink remains on the surface of the
fabric to improve the color-developing property. Therefore, it is
necessary that any of the surface of the pigment in the ink, the
dispersing polymer, and the polymer fine particles contained in the
ink has a carboxyl group.
[0059] In this embodiment, the polymer fine particles are contained
in the pretreatment agent together with the cationic polymer for
improving the fixing property of the color material. Therefore, the
cationic polymer itself may be the polymer fine particles as long
as the above-mentioned function is achieved. Accordingly, the
polymer fine particles may be a copolymer of a monomer that forms
the cationic polymer and a monomer having a vinyl group, such as
acrylate, methacrylate, allylate, or styrene.
[0060] The pretreatment agent may contain a water-soluble organic
solvent, and examples of the solvent are the same as those
contained in the pretreatment agent of Embodiment A.
Pretreatment Agent C for Ink Jet Textile Printing
[0061] The pretreatment agent of Embodiment C contains at least
water and cationic polymer fine particles and is used in ink jet
textile printing in which fabric is pretreated with the
pretreatment agent previous to printing of ink on the fabric by an
ink jet system, wherein the cationic polymer fine particles have a
glass transition temperature of -10.degree. C. or less, a
mass-average molecular weight of 100000 or more, and a particle
diameter of 50 nm or more and 5 .mu.m or less when determined by
light scattering.
[0062] The glass transition temperature of the cationic polymer
fine particles is preferably -10.degree. C. or less. A glass
transition temperature higher than -10.degree. C. causes a decrease
in property fixing to fabric. The glass transition temperature is
preferably -15.degree. C. or less and more preferably -20.degree.
C. or less. The cationic polymer fine particles contained in the
pretreatment agent preferably has a styrene-reduced mass-average
molecular weight of 100000 to 1000000 when determined by gel
permeation chromatography (GPC). Within this range, the fixing
property of the pigment of a printed matter on fabric is improved.
The styrene-reduced mass-average molecular weight is more
preferably 100000 to 300000 and most preferably 130000 to 200000. A
styrene-reduced mass-average molecular weight of smaller than
100000 reduces washing fastness of the printed matter on fabric.
Furthermore, the particle diameter of the cationic polymer fine
particles contained in the pretreatment agent is preferably 50 nm
or more and 5 .mu.m or less. If the particle diameter is smaller
than 50 nm, the stability of the pretreatment agent is deteriorated
by the influence of the coexisting cationic polymer. If the
particle diameter is larger than 5 .mu.m, the ink does not well
spread on fabric, resulting in deterioration in fixing
property.
[0063] The cationic polymer fine particles contain alkyl
(meth)acrylate and/or cyclic alkyl (meth)acrylate as a structural
component. The alkyl (meth)acrylate and/or cyclic alkyl
(meth)acrylate are preferably alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 24
carbon atoms and/or cyclic alkyl (meth)acrylate having 3 to 24
carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methyl (meth)acrylate,
ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl
(meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate,
hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl (meth)acrylate, octyl
(meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate,
t-butylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl
(meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate,
isostearyl (meth)acrylate, tetramethylpiperidyl (meth)acrylate,
dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate,
dicyclopentenyloxy (meth)acrylate, and behenyl (meth)acrylate.
[0064] The content of the alkyl (meth)acrylate and/or the cyclic
alkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably 70% or more based on the total
amount of the cationic polymer fine particles. Within this range,
the rubbing fastness in both dry and wet rubbing and the
dry-cleaning resistance of a printed matter on fabric are further
improved.
[0065] The cationic monomer as a component of the cationic polymer
fine particles that can be contained in the pretreatment agent is,
for example, one or more selected from allylamine, allylamine
sulfate, allylamine hydrochloride, diallylamine, diallylamine
sulfate, diallylamine hydrochloride, dimethylallylamine,
dimethylallylamine sulfate, dimethylallylamine hydrochloride,
methyldiallylamine amide, methyldiallylamine amide sulfate, and
methyldiallylamine amide hydrochloride.
[0066] These cationic polymer fine particles have a function of
aggregating ink by acting on the carboxyl groups on the surface of
the pigment in the ink, a dispersing polymer, or the polymer fine
particles contained in the ink to prevent the ink from permeating
into fabric. As a result, the ink remains on the surface of the
fabric to improve the color-developing property. Therefore, it is
necessary that any of the surface of the pigment in the ink, the
dispersing polymer, and the polymer fine particles contained in the
ink has a carboxyl group.
[0067] The average particle diameter of the cationic polymer fine
particles is measured by light scattering. The particle diameter of
the cationic polymer fine particles determined by the light
scattering is preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, more
preferably 60 nm or more and 300 nm or less. If the particle
diameter is smaller than 50 nm, the fixing property of a printed
matter on fabric decreases, and if the particle diameter is larger
than 500 nm, dispersion stability decreases. Furthermore, when a
pigment fixing solution is ink jet printed, the discharge of the
solution from an ink jet head tends to be unstable.
[0068] Each of the pretreatment agents according to Embodiments A
to C may contain a water-soluble organic solvent. Examples of the
water-soluble organic solvent include polyols (e.g., ethylene
glycol, glycerin, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol,
tetraethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,
1,2,4-butanetriol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene
glycol, butylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-hexanediol,
1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol,
2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol,
3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol), amines
(e.g., ethanolamine, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol), monohydric
alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and butanol), alkyl ethers of
polyhydric alcohols (e.g., diethylene glycol monomethyl ether,
diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl
ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol
monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol
monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, and dipropylene
glycol monomethyl ether), 2,2'-thiodiethanol, amides (e.g.,
N,N-dimethylformamide), heterocycles (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone and
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and acetonitrile.
[0069] The pretreatment agent may contain a water-soluble organic
solvent, and examples of the solvent are the same as those
contained in the pretreatment agent of Embodiment A.
[0070] In the ink jet textile printing process, the pretreatment
agent can be applied to fabric by a known application process, for
example, spray, coating, or pad printing. Alternatively, the
pretreatment agent may be applied to fabric using an ink jet head.
When the pretreatment agent is applied to fabric with an ink jet
head, the particle diameter of the polymer fine particles or the
cationic polymer fine particles is preferably 50 nm or more and 1
.mu.m or less when determined by light scattering. A particle
diameter larger than 1 .mu.m tends to cause a deterioration in
stability of discharge from the ink jet head. The particle diameter
is more preferably 500 nm or less.
[0071] The ink jet textile printing process will now be
described.
Ink Jet Textile Printing Process
[0072] In the ink jet textile printing process according to an
aspect of the invention, fabric is pretreated with the pretreatment
agent A, B, or C previous to printing of ink on the fabric.
[0073] The fabric used in the ink jet textile printing process
according to an aspect of the invention is made of one kind of
fiber or blended fiber of two or more selected from the group
consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fiber, acetate fiber, silk, nylon
fiber, and polyester fiber. In this embodiment, among the
above-mentioned fabric, in particular, cotton, hemp, rayon fiber,
and acetate fiber are high in color-developing property, low in
bleeding of ink, and excellent in fixing property and are therefore
preferred, and cotton is most preferred.
[0074] The ink jet textile printing process is completed through
the step of treating fabric made of one kind of fiber or blended
fiber of two or more selected from the group consisting of cotton,
hemp, rayon fiber, acetate fiber, silk, nylon fiber, and polyester
fiber with the pretreatment agent, the step of ink jet printing,
and the step of heating the printed matter on the fabric at least
at a temperature of 110 to 200.degree. C. for 1 minute of more. The
method of the ink jet printing is not particularly limited and can
be performed by a known process.
[0075] In the process of producing a printed matter on fabric, when
the heating temperature in the heat treatment is lower than
110.degree. C., the fixing property of the printed matter on the
fabric is hardly improved. On the contrary, when the temperature is
higher than 200.degree. C., the fabric, the pigment, and the
polymer themselves are degraded. Accordingly, the heating
temperature is preferably 120.degree. C. or more and 170.degree. C.
or less. The heating time needs at least 1 minute and is preferably
2 minutes or more.
[0076] The material constituting the fabric used in the ink jet
textile printing process is not particularly limited, but is
preferably one kind of fiber or blended fiber of two or more
selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fiber,
acetate fiber, silk, nylon fiber, and polyester fiber. Among them,
fabric containing at least cotton fiber is particularly preferred.
The fabric may be in any form, for example, a woven, knitted, or
nonwoven form of the above-mentioned fiber. As the fabric that can
be used in this embodiment, mixed woven or mixed non-woven fabric
can be also used as the fabric for the textile printing. The size
of the yarn constituting the fabric like the above is preferably
within the range of 10 to 100 deniers.
[0077] In the ink jet textile printing process, in order to obtain
a uniform printed matter on fabric, it is desirable to wash out
impurities adhering to the fabric, such as fat and oil, wax, pectic
substance, or coloring matter, residues of reagents used in the
process of producing the fabric, such as paste, or other
contaminants, previous to textile printing. The cleansing agent for
the washing out may be a known one, and examples thereof include
alkaline agents such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,
sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate, surfactants such as
anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants,
and amphoteric surfactants, and enzymes.
[0078] When an ink composition is printed on fabric, it is
preferable to discharge the ink composition by a method using an
electrostrictive element, such as a piezoelectric element, not to
heat the ink composition. When the ink composition is heated as in
a case using a thermal head, the polymer fine particles or the
cationic polymer fine particles in the pigment-fixing solution and
the polymer used for dispersing the pigment in the ink composition
are deteriorated to make the discharge unstable. When a large
amount of ink is discharged over a long period of time in the
process as in production of a printed matter on fabric, a head that
causes heating of the ink composition is not preferred.
Ink Composition for Ink Jet Textile Printing
[0079] The pretreatment agent for ink jet textile printing, the ink
jet textile printing process using it, and the ink composition for
ink jet textile printing suitable for obtaining a printed matter on
fabric will be described. In the ink composition for ink jet
textile printing, the pigment serving as a color material is
self-dispersing or is dispersed in an acrylic resin. In particular,
in the case of using a black ink, the color-developing property is
increased by using superficially-oxidized carbon black that gives a
self-dispersing pigment. In the case of using a color ink, the
color-developing property and stability are improved by dispersing
an organic pigment with an acrylic resin. Here, the acrylic resin
is a resin of which main component is a monomer having a
(meth)acryloyl group, such as acrylate and methacrylate, and
another vinyl monomer such as styrene may be used.
Pigment Dispersion
[0080] The average particle diameter of the pigment dispersion is
measured by light scattering. If the average particle diameter of
the pigment dispersion is smaller than 50 nm, the color-developing
property of a printed matter or a printed matter on fabric
decreases. On the contrary, an average particle diameter of larger
than 1 .mu.m decreases the fixing property. In the cases of black
and color pigments, the average particle diameter is more
preferably 70 to 230 nm and most preferably 80 to 130 nm. In the
case of white pigment, the average particle diameter is preferably
100 to 600 nm and more preferably 200 to 500 nm. If the average
particle diameter is smaller than 100 nm, the shielding property
decreases to reduce the white color-developing property. An average
particle diameter of larger than 1 .mu.m decreases the fixing
property and the stability of discharge from an ink jet head.
[0081] The pigment dispersion preferably contains self-dispersing
carbon black having an average particle diameter of 50 to 300 nm,
which can be dispersed in water, without using a dispersing agent.
The use of the self-dispersing carbon black improves the
color-developing property of a printed matter on fabric. As the
method of allowing the particles to be dispersed in water without
using a dispersing agent, for example, the surface of the carbon
black is oxidized with ozone, sodium hypochlorite, or the like. The
average particle diameter of the self-dispersing carbon black
dispersion is preferably 50 to 150 nm. When the average particle
diameter is smaller than 50 nm, the color-developing property is
hardly obtained. On the contrary, an average particle diameter of
larger than 150 nm decreases the fixing property. The average
particle diameter is more preferably 70 to 130 nm and most
preferably 80 to 120 nm.
[0082] The pigment dispersion is a dispersion of an organic pigment
dispersed in water with a polymer and has an average particle
diameter of 50 to 300 nm. The polymer preferably has a
styrene-reduced mass-average molecular weight of 10000 to 200000
when determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). By doing
so, the fixing property of the pigment of a printed matter on
fabric is improved, and the storage stability of the pigment ink
itself is also improved. That is, the polymer is detached due to
the characteristics of a vehicle used in preparation of the ink
composition to easily cause a disadvantageous effect. Specifically,
an acetylene glycol, acetylene alcohol, or silicone surfactant
serving as an additive for improving printing quality,
di(tri)ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol
monobutyl ether, 1,2-alkylene glycol, or a mixture thereof, and the
detached polymer easily attack the adhesive used in a head. An
average molecular weight of larger than 200000 readily increases
the viscosity of the ink and makes acquisition of stable dispersion
difficult.
[0083] The polymer used for the dispersion can be a polymer of a
monomer or an oligomer having an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl
group, a vinyl group, or an allyl group containing a double bond
therein.
[0084] The polymer used for the dispersion preferably has a
carboxyl group in order to have hydrophilicity and in order to
improve color-developing property by means of aggregation due to
the polyvalent metal ion in Embodiment A, the cationic polymer in
Embodiment B, or the cationic polymer fine particles in Embodiment
C. The carboxyl group can be provided by, for example, acrylic
acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, propyl acrylic acid,
isopropyl acrylic acid, itaconic acid, or fumaric acid. These may
be used alone or in combination thereof. Preferred are acrylic acid
and/or methacrylic acid.
[0085] The polymer used for the dispersion is preferably a
copolymer mainly composed of a carboxyl group-containing monomer
and acrylate and/or methacrylate. The mass ratio of acrylic
acid/methacrylic acid and acrylate/methacrylate to the total mass
of the monomer is preferably 80% or more from the viewpoint of
fixing property of the ink on printed fabric.
[0086] The polymer used for the dispersion preferably contains
benzyl acrylate and/or benzyl methacrylate in an amount of 40% or
more and 80% or less of the total mass of the monomer. If the sum
of mass of the benzyl group-containing acrylic monomer and
methacrylic monomer is less than 40%, the color-developing property
of the printed matter on fabric decreases, and if the sum of mass
is higher than 80%, dispersion stability is hardly obtained. In the
benzyl group-containing water-dispersible polymer, monomers other
than benzyl acrylate and benzyl methacrylate are preferably acrylic
acid and/or methacrylic acid and other acrylate and/or
methacrylate. The other acrylate and/or methacrylate are preferably
butyl acrylate and/or butyl methacrylate.
[0087] The polymer used for the dispersion is preferably a
copolymer of a monomer composition in which the mass ratio of
acrylate and acrylic acid to the total mass of monomers is 80% or
more. A mass ratio of lower than 80% decreases the fixing property
of the ink on printed fabric. Examples of the acrylate include
methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate,
hexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, lauryl
acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexylcarbitol acrylate,
phenol EO-modified acrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, isobornyl
acrylate, benzyl acrylate, paracumylphenol EO-modified acrylate,
and 2-hydroxyethyl-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, and commercially
available acrylates can be used. Preferably, benzyl acrylate and/or
butyl acrylate is used. More preferred is a copolymer of a monomer
containing benzyl acrylate in 40% or more and 80% or less of the
total mass of the monomer.
[0088] The polymer used for the dispersion can be obtained by a
known method such as solution polymerization or emulsion
polymerization. In addition to the polymer used for the dispersion,
as a dispersion stabilizer for stably dispersing the pigment
dispersion in ink, a water-dispersible or water-soluble polymer or
surfactant may be contained. The polymer used for the dispersion is
preferably a polymer obtained by copolymerization of structural
components containing at least 70% of (meth)acrylate and
(meth)acrylic acid, from the viewpoint of dispersion stability.
[0089] As the pigments contained in inks according to Embodiments A
to C, a particularly preferred pigment for a black ink is carbon
black (C.I. Pigment Black 7) such as furnace black, lamp black,
acetylene black, or channel black. Metals such as copper oxide,
iron oxide (C.I. Pigment Black 11), or titanium oxide and organic
pigment such as aniline black (C.I. Pigment Black 1) also can be
used.
[0090] As color inks contained in inks according to Embodiments A
to C, for example, C.I. Pigment Yellow 1 (Fast Yellow G), 3, 12
(disazo yellow AAA), 13, 14, 17, 24, 34, 35, 37, 42 (yellow iron
oxide), 53, 55, 74, 81, 83 (disazo yellow HR), 93, 94, 95, 97, 98,
100, 101, 104, 108, 109, 110, 117, 120, 128, 138, 153, 155, 180,
and 185; C.I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 5, 17, 22 (brilliant fast
scarlet), 23, 31, 38, 48:2 (permanent red 2B(Ba)), 48:2 (permanent
red 2B(Ca)), 48:3 (permanent red 2B(Sr)), 48:4 (permanent red
2B(Mn)), 49:1, 52:2, 53:1, 57:1 (brilliant carmine 6B), 60:1, 63:1,
63:2, 64:1, 81 (rhodamine 6G lake), 83, 88, 101 (iron oxide red),
104, 105, 106, 108 (cadmium red), 112, 114, 122 (quinacridone
magenta), 123, 146, 149, 166, 168, 170, 172, 177, 178, 179, 185,
190, 193, 202, 206, 209, and 219; C.I. Pigment Violet 19 and 23;
C.I. Pigment Orange 36, 43, and 64; C.I. Pigment Blue 1, 2, 15
(phthalocyanine blue R), 15:1, 15:2, 15:3 (phthalocyanine blue G),
15:4, 15:6 (phthalocyanine blue E), 16, 17:1, 56, 60, and 63; and
C.I. Pigment Green 1, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17, 18, and 36 can be used.
Thus, various pigments can be used as the color materials.
[0091] The pigment is dispersed using a disperser. The disperser
may be a commercially available one and is preferably a medialess
disperser from the viewpoint of low contamination, and examples
thereof include a wet jet mill (Genus), nanomizer (Nanomizer),
homogenizer (Gorin), altemizer (Sugino Machine), and microfluidizer
(Microfluidics).
[0092] The content of the pigment is preferably 0.5 to 30% and more
preferably 1.0 to 15%. A content of 0.5% or less cannot ensure a
printing density, and a content of 30% or more increases the
viscosity of ink and causes structural viscosity in viscous
characteristics, resulting in a tendency to deteriorate the
discharge stability of ink from an ink jet head.
Polymer Fine Particles Contained in Ink
[0093] The printed matters on fabric formed by the textile printing
process using the pretreatment agents for ink jet textile printing
according to Embodiments A to C preferably contain polymer fine
particles. In order to distinguish the polymer fine particles
herein from the polymer fine particles or cationic polymer fine
particles of the pretreatment agents, the polymer fine particles
herein are expressed as "polymer fine particles contained in ink"
hereinafter. The polymer fine particles contained in ink is used
for improving the fixing property of the ink to fabric. The polymer
fine particles contained in ink preferably has a glass transition
temperature of -10.degree. C. or less, which improves the fixing
property of the pigment of printed fabric. If the glass transition
temperature is higher than -10.degree. C., the fixing property of
the pigment gradually decreases. The glass transition temperature
is preferably -15.degree. C. or less and more preferably
-20.degree. C. or less.
[0094] In Embodiments A and B, the polymer fine particles contained
in ink preferably have an acid number of 30 mg KOH/g or more and
100 mg KOH/g or less. An acid number of larger than 100 mg KOH/g
decreases the washing fastness of a printed matter on fabric. An
acid number of smaller than 30 mg KOH/g decreases the stability of
the ink to decrease the color-developing property and fixing
property on fabric. The acid number is preferably 40 mg KOH/g or
more and 80 mg KOH/g or less.
[0095] The polymer fine particles contained in ink preferably have
a styrene-reduced mass-average molecular weight of 100000 or more
and 1000000 or less when determined by gel permeation
chromatography (GPC). Within this range, the fixing property of the
pigment of printed fabric is improved. The average particle
diameter of the polymer fine particles contained in ink is
determined by light scattering.
[0096] The polymer fine particles contained in ink preferably have
a particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, more
preferably 60 nm or more and 300 nm or less, when determined by
light scattering. A particle diameter of smaller than 50 nm
decreases the fixing property of a printed matter on fabric, and a
particle diameter of larger than 500 nm decreases the dispersion
stability. Furthermore, when a pigment fixing solution is ink jet
printed, the discharge of the solution from an ink jet head tends
to be unstable.
[0097] The polymer fine particles contained in ink contains alkyl
(meth)acrylate and/or cyclic alkyl (meth)acrylate as a structural
component. The alkyl (meth)acrylate and/or cyclic alkyl
(meth)acrylate are preferably alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 24
carbon atoms and/or cyclic alkyl (meth)acrylate having 3 to 24
carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methyl (meth)acrylate,
ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl
(meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate,
hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl (meth)acrylate, octyl
(meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate,
t-butylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl
(meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate,
isostearyl (meth)acrylate, tetramethylpiperidyl (meth)acrylate,
dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate,
dicyclopentenyloxy (meth)acrylate, and behenyl (meth)acrylate. The
content of the alkyl (meth)acrylate and/or cyclic alkyl
(meth)acrylate is preferably 70% or more of the total amount of the
polymer fine particles contained in ink. Within this range, the
rubbing fastness in both dry and wet rubbing and the dry-cleaning
resistance of a printed matter on fabric are further improved.
[0098] The acid contained in the polymer fine particles contained
in ink as a structural component preferably has a carboxyl group
from the view point of reactivity with the polyvalent metal ion in
the pretreatment agent A, the cationic polymer in the pretreatment
agent B, and the cationic polymer fine particles in the
pretreatment agent C. Examples of the acid having a carboxyl group
include unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid,
methacrylic acid, or maleic acid.
1,2-Alkylene glycol
[0099] The inks according to Embodiments A to C preferably contain
1,2-alkylene glycol. The use of 1,2-alkylene glycol reduces
bleeding of a printed matter or a printed matter on fabric to
improve printing quality. The 1,2-alkylene glycol is preferably
1,2-alkylene glycol having five or six carbon atoms, such as
1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, and 4-methyl-1,2-pentanediol.
Among them, preferred are 1,2-hexanediol and
4-methyl-1,2-pentanediol having six carbon atoms. The content of
the 1,2-alkylene glycol is preferably 0.3 to 30%, more preferably
0.5 to 10%.
Glycol Ether
[0100] The inks according to Embodiments A to C preferably contain
glycol ether. The use of glycol ether reduces bleeding of a printed
matter or a printed matter on fabric. The glycol ether is
preferably one or more selected from diethylene glycol monobutyl
ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol
monobutyl ether, and dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether. The
content of the glycol ether is preferably 0.1 to 20%, more
preferably 0.5 to 10%.
Acetylene Glycol Surfactant and/or Acetylene Alcohol Surfactant
[0101] The inks according to Embodiments A to C preferably contain
an acetylene glycol surfactant and/or an acetylene alcohol
surfactant. The use of the acetylene glycol surfactant and/or the
acetylene alcohol surfactant further reduces bleeding to improve
printing quality, and also improves the drying property in printing
to allow high-speed printing.
[0102] The acetylene glycol surfactant and/or the acetylene alcohol
surfactant is preferably one or more selected from
2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decine-4,7-diol, alkylene oxide adducts of
2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decine-4,7-diol, 2,4-dimethyl-5-decin-4-ol,
and alkylene oxide adducts of 2,4-dimethyl-5-decin-4-ol. These are
available, for example, from Air Products (GB) as Olfine
(registered trademark) 104 series and E series, such as Olfine
E1010, or from Nissin Chemical Industry as Surfynol (registered
trademark) 465 and Surfynol 61.
[0103] In the embodiment, bleeding is further reduced by using one
or more selected from the group consisting of the 1,2-alkylene
glycol, the acetylene glycol surfactant and/or the acetylene
alcohol surfactant, and the glycol ether.
[0104] The ink according to the above-described Embodiments may
further contain a multifunctional compound. The multifunctional
compound further improves the rubbing fastness in both dry and wet
rubbing and the dry-cleaning resistance of a printed matter on
fabric. The multifunctional compound will be described below as a
component of a pigment fixing solution.
[0105] In the ink set according to Embodiment C, the (total)
content (% by mass) of the cationic polymer fine particles and/or
the multifunctional compound contained in ink and/or a pigment
fixing solution is higher than the content (% by mass) of the
pigment contained in the ink. This improves the fixing property of
the pigment of printed fabric.
Other Components
[0106] In order to ensure storage stability and stable discharge
from an ink jet head and in order to prevent clogging and
degradation of ink, the ink according to the embodiment can
appropriately contain various additives such as a moisturizing
agent, a solubilizing agent, a penetration controlling agent, a
viscosity adjuster, a pH adjuster, an antioxidant, an antiseptic
agent, an anti-mold agent, and a chelate for capturing metal ions
that affect dispersion.
[0107] The ink according to the embodiment may contain a
water-soluble organic solvent, in addition to the above-described
components, according to need. Examples of the water-soluble
organic solvent include polyols (e.g., ethylene glycol, glycerin,
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, tetraethylene glycol,
triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,2,4-butane triol,
diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene
glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol,
1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,2-octanediol,
2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol,
3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol,
2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol),
amines (e.g., monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine,
and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol), monohydric alcohols (e.g., methanol,
ethanol, propanol, and butanol), alkyl ethers of polyhydric
alcohols (e.g., diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene
glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether,
triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl
ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, and dipropylene glycol
monomethyl ether), 2,2'-thiodiethanol, amides (e.g.,
N,N-dimethylformamide), heterocycles (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone), and
acetonitrile. The content of the water-soluble organic solvent is
preferably 1 to 60% by mass of the total mass of ink.
[0108] The ink according to the embodiment can contain a
surfactant, in addition to the above-described components,
according to need. The surfactant may be any of anionic, cationic,
amphoteric, and nonionic surfactants.
[0109] Examples of the anionic surfactant include aliphatic amines,
aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts, bezalkonium salts,
benzethonium chloride, pyridinium salts, and imidazolinium salts.
Examples of the cationic surfactant include fatty acid soap,
N-acyl-N-methylglycine salts, N-acyl-N-methyl-.beta.-alanine salts,
N-acylglutamate, alkyl ether carboxylates, acylated peptides, alkyl
sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylnaphthalene sulfonates,
dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, .alpha.-olefine
sulfonate, N-acylmethyl taurine, sulfated oil, higher alcohol
sulfates, secondary higher alcohol sulfates, alkyl sulfates,
secondary higher alcohol ethoxysulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl
phenyl ether sulfates, monoglysulfate, fatty acid alkylolamide
sulfates, alkyl ether phosphates, and alkyl phosphates. Examples of
the amphoteric surfactant include carboxybetaine-type surfactants,
sulfobetaine-type surfactants, aminocarboxylates, and imidazolinium
betaine. Examples of the nonionic surfactant include
polyoxyethylene alkyl phenylethers (e.g., Emalgen 911, a product of
Kao Corp.), polyoxyethylene sterol ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl
ethers, polyoxyethylene secondary alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene
lanolin derivatives, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers
(e.g., Newpol PE-62, a product of Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.),
polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene
sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid
esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, fatty acid
monoglycerides, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid
esters, polyoxyethylene castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil,
propylene glycol fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters,
fatty acid alkanolamides, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides,
polyoxyethylene alkylamines, and alkyl amine oxides.
[0110] These surfactants may be used alone or in combination
thereof, and an amount within the range of 0.001 to 1.0% by mass of
the total mass of ink can arbitrarily adjust the surface tension of
the ink and is therefore preferred.
[0111] The average particle diameters of the polymer fine
particles, the cationic polymer fine particles, and the pigment can
be determined with a commercially available particle size meter
based on light scattering. Specific examples of the particle size
meter include ELS series (products of Otsuka Denshi Co., Ltd.),
Microtrac series and Nanotrac series (Nikkiso Co., Ltd.), and Zeta
Sizer series (Malvern Instruments Ltd.).
Printed Matter on Fabric
[0112] The printed matters on fabric according to Embodiments A to
C are obtained by the above-described textile printing process.
[0113] The invention will be specifically described with reference
to examples, but the invention is not limited to these examples and
can be variously modified within the scope of the invention. Note
that the terms "part(s)" and "%" used in the examples represent
"part(s) by mass" and "% by mass", respectively, unless otherwise
stated.
EXAMPLE A
Example A1
Preparation of Pretreatment Agent A1
(1) Production of Polymer Fine Particles 1
[0114] Ion-exchanged water (100 parts) was placed in a reaction
container equipped with a dropping device, a thermometer, a
water-cooled reflux condenser, and a stirrer. Potassium persulfate
(0.2 parts) serving as a polymerization initiator was added to the
reaction container at 70.degree. C. with stirring under a nitrogen
atmosphere. A monomer solution composed of ion-exchanged water (7
parts), sodium lauryl sulfate (0.05 parts), glycidoxy acrylate (4
parts), ethyl acrylate (15 parts), butyl acrylate (15 parts),
tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (6 parts), butyl methacrylate (5
parts), and t-dodecyl mercaptan (0.02 parts) was dropwise added to
the reaction container at 70.degree. C. to prepare a primary
material. To the primary material, 10% ammonium persulfate solution
(2 parts) was added, followed by stirring. Furthermore, to the
resulting mixture, a reaction solution composed of ion-exchanged
water (30 parts), potassium lauryl sulfate (0.2 parts), ethyl
acrylate (30 parts), methyl acrylate (25 parts), butyl acrylate (6
parts), vinyl sulfonic acid (6 parts), and t-dodecyl mercaptan (0.5
parts) was added at 70.degree. C. with stirring for polymerization.
After neutralization with sodium hydroxide to a pH of 8 to 8.5, a
water dispersion of polymer fine particles was prepared by
filtration through a 0.3 .mu.m filter. The concentration of the
dispersion was adjusted with water to obtain an emulsion a (EM-a)
having a solid content of 40%. A portion of this water dispersion
of the polymer fine particles was dried, and the glass transition
temperature thereof was measured with a differential scanning
calorimetry (Exstar 6000 DSC, a product of Seiko Instruments Inc.)
to be -15.degree. C. The styrene-reduced molecular weight measured
with an L7100 system (a product of Hitachi, Ltd.) by gel permeation
chromatography (GPC) using THF as a solvent was 150000. The acid
number determined by titration was 21 mg KOH/g. The particle
diameter measured with a Microtrac particle size distribution
analyzer UPA250 (Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) was 160 nm.
(2) Production of Pretreatment Agent A1
[0115] The following additives were sequentially mixed, stirred,
and filtered through 5 .mu.m filter to prepare pretreatment agent
A1:
[0116] EM-a (solid content: 40%): 25.0%,
[0117] calcium chloride: 10.5%,
[0118] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 1.2%,
[0119] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%,
[0120] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%,
[0121] triethylene glycol: 0.5%, and
[0122] ion-exchanged water: balance.
Preparation of black ink 1, cyan ink 1, magenta ink 1, yellow ink
1, and white ink 1 for ink jet recording
(1) Production of Pigment Dispersion Bk1 for Black Ink
[0123] Monarch 880 (a product of Cabot Corp. U.S.A.), carbon black
(C.I. Pigment Black 7), was used as pigment dispersion 1. The
surface of the carbon black was oxidized by the same method as that
described in JP-A-8-3498 to impart dispersibility in water to the
carbon black. The pigment solid content was adjusted to 15% with
ion-exchanged water to give pigment dispersion Bk1 for black
ink.
(2) Production of Pigment Dispersion C1 for Cyan Ink
[0124] C.I. Pigment Blue 15:4 (copper phthalocyanine pigment: a
product of Clariant) was used as dispersion 1 for cyan ink. A
reaction container equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux
tube, and a dropping funnel was replaced with nitrogen, and benzyl
acrylate (75 parts), acrylic acid (2 parts), and t-dodecyl
mercaptan (0.3 parts) were placed in the reaction container and
were then heated to 70.degree. C. Benzyl acrylate (150 parts),
acrylic acid (15 parts), butyl acrylate (5 parts), t-dodecyl
mercaptan (1 part), methyl ethyl ketone (20 parts), and sodium
persulfate (1 part) were placed in the dropping funnel and dropped
to the reaction container over 4 hours for polymerization to
produce a polymer dispersion. Subsequently, methyl ethyl ketone was
added to the reaction container to prepare a polymer solution A
dispersing 40% of pigment. A portion of this polymer solution was
dried, and the glass transition temperature thereof was measured
with a differential scanning calorimetry (Exstar 6000 DSC, a
product of Seiko Instruments Inc.) to be 40.degree. C.
[0125] The pigment-dispersing polymer solution A (40 parts), C.I.
Pigment Blue 15:4 (copper phthalocyanine pigment, a product of
Clariant, 30 parts), 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide
(100 parts), and methyl ethyl ketone (30 parts) were mixed. The
mixture was dispersed at 200 MPa with 15 passes using a ultra-high
pressure homogenizer (Altimizer HJP-25005, a product of Sugino
Machine Ltd.). The dispersion was transferred to another container,
and ion-exchanged water (300 parts) was added thereto, followed by
stirring for 1 hour. The entire methyl ethyl ketone and part of
water were distilled away with a rotary evaporator, followed by
neutralization with 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to
9. The resulting pigment solution was filtered through a 3 .mu.m
membrane filter, and the pigment solid content was adjusted to 15%
with ion-exchanged water to give pigment dispersion C1 for cyan
ink.
(3) Production of Pigment Dispersion M1 for Magenta Ink
[0126] Pigment dispersion M1 was produced as in pigment dispersion
C1 except that C.I. Pigment Red 122 (quinacridone pigment, a
product of Clariant) was used.
(4) Production of Pigment Dispersion Y1 for Yellow Ink
[0127] Pigment dispersion Y1 was produced as in pigment dispersion
C1 except that C.I. Pigment Yellow 180 (benzimidazolone pigment, a
product of Clariant) was used.
(5) Production of Pigment Dispersion W1 for White Ink
[0128] Pigment dispersion W1 was produced as in pigment dispersion
C1 except that C.I. Pigment White 6 (rutile rutile-type titanium
oxide pigment ST410WB, a product of Titan Kogyo, Ltd.) was used and
that the content of DISPERBYK-2015 (a product of BYK-Chemie Japan)
serving as a dispersing agent was adjusted to 12% of the mass of
the pigment.
(6) Production of Polymer Fine Particles Contained in Ink
[0129] Ion-exchanged water (100 parts) was placed in a reaction
container equipped with a dropping device, a thermometer, a
water-cooled reflux condenser, and a stirrer. Potassium persulfate
(0.2 parts) serving as a polymerization initiator was added to the
reaction container at 70.degree. C. with stirring under a nitrogen
atmosphere. A monomer solution composed of ion-exchanged water (7
parts), sodium lauryl sulfate (0.05 parts), glycidoxy acrylate (4
parts), ethyl acrylate (15 parts), butyl acrylate (15 parts),
tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (6 parts), butyl methacrylate (5
parts), and t-dodecyl mercaptan (0.02 parts) was dropwise added to
the reaction container at 70.degree. C. to prepare a primary
material. To the primary material, 10% ammonium persulfate solution
(2 parts) was added, followed by stirring. Furthermore, to the
resulting mixture, a reaction solution composed of ion-exchanged
water (30 parts), potassium lauryl sulfate (0.2 parts), ethyl
acrylate (30 parts), methyl acrylate (25 parts), butyl acrylate (6
parts), acrylic acid (5 parts), and t-dodecyl mercaptan (0.5 parts)
was added at 70.degree. C. with stirring for polymerization. After
neutralization with sodium hydroxide to a pH of 8 to 8.5, a water
dispersion of polymer fine particles was prepared by filtration
through a 0.3 .mu.m filter. The concentration of the dispersion was
adjusted with water to obtain an emulsion A1 (EM-A1) having a solid
content of 40%. A portion of the water dispersion of the polymer
fine particles was dried, and the glass transition temperature
thereof was measured with a differential scanning calorimetry
(Exstar 6000 DSC, a product of Seiko Instruments Inc.) to be
-15.degree. C. The styrene-reduced molecular weight measured with
an L7100 system (a product of Hitachi, Ltd.) by gel permeation
chromatography (GPC) using THF as a solvent was 150000. The acid
number determined by titration was 20 mg KOH/g.
(7) Preparation of Ink for Ink Jet Recording
[0130] Examples of compositions suitable for ink for ink jet
recording are shown below.
[0131] Black ink 1
[0132] dispersion Bk1 (pigment solid content: 15%): 32.0%
[0133] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0134] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0135] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0136] trimethylol propane: 3.0%
[0137] glycerin: 11.0%
[0138] triethylene glycol: 1.5%
[0139] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0140] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0141] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0142] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0143] water: balance
[0144] Cyan ink 1
[0145] dispersion C1 (pigment solid content: 15%): 24.0%
[0146] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0147] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0148] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0149] trimethylol propane: 4.0%
[0150] glycerin: 12.0%
[0151] triethylene glycol: 2.0%
[0152] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0153] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0154] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0155] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0156] ion-exchanged water: balance
[0157] Magenta ink 1
[0158] dispersion M1 (pigment solid content: 15%): 32.0%
[0159] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0160] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0161] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0162] trimethylol propane: 3.5%
[0163] glycerin: 11.0%
[0164] triethylene glycol: 2.0%
[0165] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0166] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0167] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0168] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0169] water: balance
[0170] Yellow ink 1
[0171] dispersion Y1 (pigment solid content: 15%): 32.0%
[0172] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0173] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0174] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0175] trimethylol propane: 3.5%
[0176] glycerin: 11.0%
[0177] triethylene glycol: 2.0%
[0178] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0179] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0180] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0181] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0182] water: balance
[0183] White ink 1
[0184] dispersion W1 (pigment solid content: 15%): 50.0%
[0185] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0186] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0187] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0188] trimethylol propane: 1.5%
[0189] glycerin: 8.0%
[0190] triethylene glycol: 1.0%
[0191] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0192] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0193] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0194] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0195] water: balance
[0196] Note that all water used as the balance in Examples and
Comparative Examples was ion-exchanged water containing 0.05% of
Topside 240 (a product of Permachem Asia, Ltd.) for preventing
corrosion of ink, 0.02% of benzotriazole for preventing corrosion
of ink jet head members, and 0.04% of ethylene diamine tetraacetic
acid (EDTA) disodium salt for reducing influence of metal ions in
an ink system.
Production of Printed Fabric Sample A1
[0197] Pretreatment agent A1 was applied to cotton fabric with
PX-A650 by an ink jet process. Subsequently, textile printing was
conducted with PX-A650 by an ink jet process using the black ink 1,
cyan ink 1, magenta ink 1, yellow ink 1, and white ink 1 for ink
jet printing, followed by drying at 160.degree. C. for 5 minutes to
produce printed matter 1 on the fabric. The black ink 1, cyan ink
1, magenta ink 1, and yellow ink 1 were each set to the
corresponding line of the head of PX-A650, but the white ink 1 was
set to three lines of cyan, magenta, and yellow of the head of
another PX-A650 and was used for textile printing on the fabric at
areas where no color was printed to produce printed fabric sample
A1.
(1) Abrasion Resistance Test and Dry-Cleaning Test
[0198] The printed fabric sample A1 was rubbed 200 times under a
load of 300 g with a Gakushin-type rubbing fastness tester AB-301S,
a product of Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd., for evaluating rubbing
fastness. The degree of detachment of the ink was evaluated in
accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) L0849 under two
levels: dry and wet. Examples were determined as grade 4 or
above.
[0199] Similarly, the dry-cleaning test was conducted in accordance
with Method B of JIS L0860 for evaluation. Table 1 shows the
results of the abrasion resistance test and the dry-cleaning test.
Examples were determined as grade 4 or above.
(2) Measurement of Color-Developing Property
[0200] The color-developing property of the printed fabric sample
A1 was evaluated with GRETAG SPECTROSCAN SPM-50. As indicators, the
black ink was evaluated for OD; the cyan, magenta, and yellow inks
were evaluated for saturation; and the white ink was evaluated for
degree of whiteness. Table 1 shows the results. Examples were
determined that the OD value was 1.1 or more, the saturation of
each of the cyan and magenta inks was 40 or more, the saturation of
the yellow ink was 50 or more, and the degree of whiteness was 70
or more.
Example A2
Preparation of Pretreatment Agent A2
(1) Production of Pretreatment Agent A2
[0201] Pretreatment agent A2 was prepared as in the preparation of
pretreatment agent A1 except that magnesium chloride was used as
the multivalent metal salt instead of calcium chloride.
Preparation of Black Ink 2, Cyan Ink 2, Magenta Ink 2, and Yellow
Ink 2 for Ink Jet Recording
(1) Production of Pigment Dispersion Bk2 for Black Ink
[0202] Pigment dispersion Bk2 for black ink was produced as in the
pigment dispersion for black ink in Example A1 except that MA100, a
product of Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., was used instead of Monarch
880, a product of Cabot Corp. U.S.A., carbon black (C.I. Pigment
Black 7).
(2) Production of Pigment Dispersion C2 for Cyan Ink
[0203] Pigment dispersion C2 for cyan ink was produced as in
Example A1 except that C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3 (copper
phthalocyanine pigment, a product of Clariant) was used instead of
C.I. Pigment Blue 15:4 (copper phthalocyanine pigment, a product of
Clariant).
(3) Production of Pigment Dispersion M2 for Magenta Ink
[0204] Pigment dispersion M2 for magenta ink was produced as in
Example A1 except that C.I. Pigment Violet 19 (quinacridone
pigment, a product of Clariant) was used instead of C.I. Pigment
Red 122 (quinacridone pigment, a product of Clariant).
(4) Production of Pigment Dispersion Y2 for Yellow Ink
[0205] Pigment dispersion Y2 for yellow ink was produced as in
Example A1 except that C.I. Pigment Yellow 185 (isoindoline
pigment, a product of BASF) was used instead of C.I. Pigment Yellow
180 (benzimidazolone pigment, a product of Clariant).
(5) Production of Pigment Dispersion W2 for White Ink
[0206] Pigment dispersion W2 for white ink was produced as in
Example A1 except that C.I. Pigment White 6 (rutile-type titanium
oxide pigment CR-EL, a product of Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd.) was
used and that the content of DISPERBYK-190 (a product of BYK-Chemie
Japan) serving as a dispersing agent was adjusted to 12% of the
mass of the pigment.
(6) Preparation of Ink for Ink Jet Recording
[0207] Examples of compositions suitable for ink jet recording are
shown below.
[0208] Black ink 2
[0209] dispersion Bk2 (pigment solid content: 15%): 32.0%
[0210] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0211] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0212] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0213] trimethylol propane: 3.0%
[0214] glycerin: 11.0%
[0215] triethylene glycol: 1.5%
[0216] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0217] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0218] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0219] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0220] water: balance
[0221] Cyan ink 2
[0222] dispersion C2 (pigment solid content: 15%): 24.0%
[0223] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0224] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0225] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0226] trimethylol propane: 4.0%
[0227] glycerin: 12.0%
[0228] triethylene glycol: 2.0%
[0229] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0230] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0231] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0232] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0233] ion-exchanged water: balance
[0234] Magenta ink 2
[0235] dispersion M2 (pigment solid content: 15%): 32.0%
[0236] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0237] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0238] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0239] trimethylol propane: 3.5%
[0240] glycerin: 11.0%
[0241] triethylene glycol: 2.0%
[0242] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0243] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0244] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0245] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0246] water: balance
[0247] Yellow ink 2
[0248] dispersion Y2 (pigment solid content: 15%): 32.0%
[0249] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0250] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0251] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0252] trimethylol propane: 3.5%
[0253] glycerin: 11.0%
[0254] triethylene glycol: 2.0%
[0255] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0256] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0257] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0258] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0259] water: balance
[0260] White ink 2
[0261] dispersion W2 (pigment solid content: 15%): 50.0%
[0262] EM-A1 (solid content: 40%): 12.5%
[0263] triethylene glycol monobutyl ether: 2.0%
[0264] 1,2-hexanediol: 1.0%
[0265] trimethylol propane: 1.5%
[0266] glycerin: 8.0%
[0267] triethylene glycol: 1.0%
[0268] Surfynol 104 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.1%
[0269] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 0.8%
[0270] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%
[0271] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%
[0272] water: balance
Production of Printed Fabric Sample A2
[0273] Printed fabric sample A2 was produced as in printed fabric
sample A1 of Example A1 except that pretreatment agent A2 was
used.
(1) Abrasion Resistance Test and Dry-Cleaning Test
[0274] Printed fabric sample A2 was evaluated as in Example A1. The
results of the abrasion resistance test and the dry-cleaning test
are shown in Table 1.
(2) Measurement of Color-Developing Property
[0275] Printed fabric sample A2 was evaluated as in Example A1. The
results are shown in Table 1.
Examples A3 to A7
[0276] Polymer fine particles having a particle diameter of 50 nm
(Example A3), 300 nm (Example A4), 500 nm (Example A5), 1 .mu.m
(Example A6), or 5 .mu.m (Example A7) were produced as in Example
A1 by adjusting the stirring speed by a known method. Printed
fabric samples A3-1 to A3-5 were produced as in Example A1 except
that emulsions b1 to b5 (EM-b1 to EM-b5) having a solid content of
40%, aqueous solutions of the polymer fine particles, were used for
the pretreatment agents A3-1 to A3-5. Note, however, that since, in
Example A7, application by ink jet recording could not be achieved,
application was performed by padding. The printed fabric samples
A3-1 to A3-5 were subjected to the abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and measurement of color-developing property as
in Example A1. The results are shown in Table 1.
Examples A8 to A12
[0277] Polymer fine particles having a glass transition temperature
of -30.degree. C. (Example A8), -25.degree. C. (Example A9),
-20.degree. C. (Example A10), -13.degree. C. (Example A1), or
-10.degree. C. (Example A12) were produced by a known method as in
Example A1 except that lauryl acrylate was used instead of ethyl
acrylate (30 parts), and printed fabric samples A4-1 to A4-5 were
produced as in Example A1 except that emulsions c1 to c5 (EM-c1 to
EM-c5) having a solid content of 40%, aqueous solutions of the
polymer fine particles, were used for the pretreatment agents A4-1
to A4-5. The printed fabric samples A4-1 to A4-5 were subjected to
the abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 2.
Examples A13 to A17
[0278] Polymer fine particles having a molecular weight of 300000
(Example A13), 200000 (Example A14), 180000 (Example A15), 130000
(Example A16), or 100000 (Example A17) were produced as in Example
A1 by adjusting the amount of the polymerization initiator by a
known method. Printed fabric samples A5-1 to A5-5 were produced as
in Example A1 except that emulsions d1 to d5 (EM-d1 to EM-d5)
having a solid content of 40%, aqueous solutions of the polymer
fine particles, were used for the pretreatment agents A5-1 to A5-5.
The printed fabric samples A5-1 to A5-5 were subjected to the
abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 3.
Example A18
[0279] Printed matters were formed on fabric of hemp (printed
fabric sample A6), rayon fiber (printed fabric sample A7), acetate
fiber (printed fabric sample A8), silk (printed fabric sample A9),
nylon fiber (printed fabric sample A10), and polyester fiber
(printed fabric sample A11), instead of cotton in Example A1. The
printed fabric samples A6 to A11 were subjected to the abrasion
resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 4.
Comparative Example A1
[0280] Printed fabric sample A12 was produced as in Example A1
except that pretreatment agent A6 not containing calcium chloride,
unlike pretreatment agent A1 in Example A1, was used. The printed
fabric sample A12 was subjected to the abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and measurement of color-developing property as
in Example A1. The results are shown in Table 5.
Comparative Example A2
[0281] Polymer fine particles having a glass transition temperature
of 15.degree. C. were produced as in Example A1 by using styrene
(30 parts) instead of ethyl acrylate (30 parts) by a known method.
Printed fabric sample A13 was produced as in Example A1 except that
emulsion e (EM-e) having a solid content of 40%, an aqueous
solution of the polymer fine particles, was used for pretreatment
agent A7. The printed fabric sample A13 was subjected to the
abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 5.
Comparative Example A3
[0282] Polymer fine particles having an acid number of 63 were
produced as in Example A1 by a known method except that vinyl
sulfonic acid (18 parts) was used instead of vinyl sulfonic acid (6
parts). Printed fabric sample A14 was produced as in Example A1
except that emulsion f (EM-f) having a solid content of 40%, an
aqueous solution of the polymer fine particles, was used for
pretreatment agent A8. The printed fabric sample A14 was subjected
to the abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement
of color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are
shown in Table 5.
Comparative Example A4
[0283] Polymer fine particles having a particle diameter of 6 .mu.m
were produced as in Example A1 by adjusting stirring speed by a
known method. Printed fabric sample A14 was produced as in Example
A1 except that pretreatment agent A9 prepared by using emulsion g
(EM-g) having a solid content of 40%, an aqueous solution of the
polymer fine particles, was used without performing filtration with
a filter and that since application by ink jet recording could not
be achieved, application was performed by padding. The printed
fabric sample A15 was subjected to the abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and measurement of color-developing property as
in Example A1. The results are shown in Table 5.
Comparative Example A5
[0284] Polymer fine particles having a particle diameter of 30 nm
were produced as in Example A1 by adjusting stirring speed by a
known method. Printed fabric sample A16 was produced as in Example
A1 except that emulsion h (EM-h) having a solid content of 40%, an
aqueous solution of the polymer fine particles, was used for
pretreatment agent A10. The printed fabric sample A16 was subjected
to the abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement
of color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are
shown in Table 5.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Examples A1 to
A7 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Example Pretreatment agent A1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 5.0 -- 1.22 --
A1 (Printed fabric sample A1) C1 4.0 4.0 5.0 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5
5.0 45 -- -- Y1 5.0 5.0 5.0 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- -- 78
Example Pretreatment agent A2 Bk2 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.21 -- A2
(Printed fabric sample A2) C2 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M2 4.5 4.5 4.5
43 -- -- Y2 5.0 5.0 4.5 53 -- -- W2 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 78 Example
Pretreatment agent A3-1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 5.0 -- 1.18 -- A3 (Printed
fabric sample A3-1) C1 4.0 4.0 5.0 41 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 5.0 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 5.0 52 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- -- 70 Example
Pretreatment agent A3-2 Bk1 4.0 4.0 5.0 -- 1.23 -- A4 (Printed
fabric sample A3-2) C1 4.0 4.0 5.0 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 5.0 45 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 5.0 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- -- 79 Example
Pretreatment agent A3-3 Bk1 4.0 4.0 5.0 -- 1.22 -- A5 (Printed
fabric sample A3-3) C1 4.5 4.5 5.0 44 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 5.0 46 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 5.0 56 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- -- 79 Example
Pretreatment agent A3-4 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.22 -- A6 (Printed
fabric sample A3-4) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 44 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 46 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 4.5 56 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 79 Example
Pretreatment agent A3-5 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.21 -- A7 (Printed
fabric sample A3-5) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 44 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 47 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.0 57 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- -- 80
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Examples A8 to
A12 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Example Pretreatment agent A4-1 Bk1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- 1.21
-- A8 (Printed fabric sample A4-1) C1 4.5 4.5 5.0 42 -- -- M1 5.0
5.0 5.0 44 -- -- Y1 5.0 5.0 5.0 55 -- -- W1 5.0 5.0 5.0 -- -- 76
Example Pretreatment agent A4-2 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.22 -- A9
(Printed fabric sample A4-2) C1 4.5 4.5 4.0 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5
46 -- -- Y1 5.0 5.0 4.5 55 -- -- W1 5.0 5.0 4.5 -- -- 79 Example
Pretreatment agent A4-3 Bk1 4.0 4.0 5.0 -- 1.22 -- A10 (Printed
fabric sample A4-3) C1 4.5 4.5 5.0 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 5.0 46 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 5.0 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- -- 78 Example
Pretreatment agent A4-4 Bk1 4.0 4.0 5.0 -- 1.23 -- A11 (Printed
fabric sample A4-4) C1 4.5 4.5 5.0 44 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 5.0 45 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 5.0 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- -- 80 Example
Pretreatment agent A4-5 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.23 -- A12 (Printed
fabric sample A4-5) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 46 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 47 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 57 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- -- 81
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Examples A13 to
A17 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Example Pretreatment agent A5-1 Bk1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- 1.19
-- A13 (Printed fabric sample A5-1) C1 4.5 4.5 5.0 40 -- -- M1 4.5
4.5 5.0 42 -- -- Y1 5.0 5.0 5.0 53 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- -- 75
Example Pretreatment agent A5-2 Bk1 4.5 4.5 4.0 -- 1.19 -- A14
(Printed fabric sample A5-2) C1 4.5 4.5 4.0 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5
45 -- -- Y1 5.0 5.0 4.5 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 76 Example
Pretreatment agent A5-3 Bk1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- 1.20 -- A15 (Printed
fabric sample A5-3) C1 4.5 4.5 5.0 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 5.0 44 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 5.0 53 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- -- 77 Example
Pretreatment agent A5-4 Bk1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- 1.22 -- A16 (Printed
fabric sample A5-4) C1 4.5 4.5 5.0 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 5.0 45 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 5.0 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 5.0 -- -- 78 Example
Pretreatment agent A5-5 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- A17 (Printed
fabric sample A5-5) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.0 44 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 53 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 76
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Example A18
Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Hemp Pretreatment agent A1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.20 --
(Printed fabric sample A6) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5
45 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 76 Rayon
Pretreatment agent A1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.15 -- fiber (Printed
fabric sample A7) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 41 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 42 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 52 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 78 Acetate
Pretreatment agent A1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.18 -- fiber (Printed
fabric sample A8) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 44 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 46 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 56 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 80 Silk Pretreatment
agent A1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.11 -- (Printed fabric sample A9) C1
4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 5.0 43 -- -- Y1 4.0 4.0 5.0 53 --
-- W1 4.0 4.0 5.0 -- -- 71 Nylon Pretreatment agent A1 Bk1 4.0 4.0
4.0 -- 1.18 -- fiber (Printed fabric sample A10) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42
-- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 44 -- -- Y1 4.0 4.0 5.0 54 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0
5.0 -- -- 72 Polyester Pretreatment agent A1 Bk2 4.0 4.0 4.0 --
1.10 -- fiber (Printed fabric sample A11) C2 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- --
M2 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- Y2 4.0 4.0 4.0 51 -- -- W2 4.0 4.0 4.0 --
-- 70
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Comparative
Examples A1 to A5 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance
test Dry-cleaning Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test
Saturation OD whiteness Comparative Pretreatment agent A6 Bk1 3.0
3.0 4.0 -- 1.02 -- Example A1 (Printed fabric sample A12) C1 3.0
3.0 4.0 33 -- -- M1 3.0 3.0 4.0 38 -- -- Y1 3.0 2.5 4.0 46 -- -- W1
2.0 2.0 4.0 -- -- 25 Comparative Pretreatment agent A7 Bk1 3.0 1.5
4.0 -- 1.24 -- Example A2 (Printed fabric sample A13) C1 3.0 1.5
4.0 44 -- -- M1 3.5 2.0 4.0 46 -- -- Y1 3.5 2.0 4.0 57 -- -- W1 3.0
2.0 4.5 -- -- 80 Comparative Pretreatment agent A8 Bk1 4.0 3.0 3.0
-- 1.12 -- Example A3 (Printed fabric sample A14) C1 4.0 3.0 3.0 40
-- -- M1 5.0 4.0 3.0 44 -- -- Y1 5.0 4.0 3.0 56 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0
4.0 -- -- 83 Comparative Pretreatment agent A9 Bk1 3.0 3.0 2.5 --
1.23 -- Example A4 (Printed fabric sample A15) C1 3.0 3.0 3.0 45 --
-- M1 3.0 3.0 3.0 47 -- -- Y1 3.0 2.5 3.0 57 -- -- W1 2.0 2.0 3.0
-- -- 80 Comparative Pretreatment agent A10 Bk1 4.0 4.0 5.0 -- 1.05
-- Example A5 (Printed fabric sample A16) C1 4.0 4.0 5.0 37 -- --
M1 4.4 4.5 5.0 40 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 5.0 43 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.0 --
-- 55
EXAMPLE B
Example B1
Preparation of Pretreatment Agent B1
(1) Production of Polymer Fine Particles 1
[0285] The polymer fine particles 1 in Example A were used.
(2) Production of Pretreatment Agent B1
[0286] The following additives were sequentially mixed, stirred,
and filtered through 5 .mu.m filter to prepare pretreatment agent
B1:
[0287] EM-a (solid content: 40%): 25.0%,
[0288] polyallylamine hydrochloride polymer (PAA-HCL-3L, a product
of Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd.): 10.0%,
[0289] Olfine E1010 (acetylene glycol surfactant, a product of
Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 1.2%,
[0290] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%,
[0291] triethylene glycol: 0.5%, and
[0292] ion-exchanged water: balance.
Preparation of black ink 1, cyan ink 1, magenta ink 1, yellow ink
1, and white ink 1 for ink jet recording
[0293] The black ink 1, the cyan ink 1, the magenta ink 1, the
yellow ink 1, and the white ink 1 in Example A were used.
Production of Printed Fabric Sample B1
[0294] Printed fabric sample B1 was produced as in printed fabric
sample A1 in Example A1 except that the pretreatment agent B1 was
used.
(1) Abrasion Resistance Test and Dry-Cleaning Test
[0295] The abrasion resistance and the dry-cleaning of the printed
fabric sample B1 were evaluated by the same methods as in Example
A1. The results of the abrasion resistance test and the
dry-cleaning test are shown in Table 1.
(2) Measurement of Color-Developing Property
[0296] The color-development property of the printed fabric sample
B1 was evaluated by the same method as in Example A1. The results
are shown in Table 6.
Example B2
Preparation of Pretreatment Agent B2
(1) Production of Pretreatment Agent B2
[0297] Pretreatment agent B2 was prepared as in the pretreatment
agent B1 except that an allylamine hydrochloride/diallylamine
hydrochloride copolymer (PAA-D4-HCL, a product of Nitto Boseki Co.,
Ltd.) was used as the cationic polymer instead of the
polyallylamine hydrochloride polymer (PAA-HCL-3L, a product of
Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd.). Preparation of black ink 2, cyan ink 2,
magenta ink 2, yellow ink 2, and white ink 2 for ink jet
recording
[0298] The black ink 2, the cyan ink 2, the magenta ink 2, the
yellow ink 2, and the white ink 2 in Example A were used.
Production of Printed Fabric Sample B2
[0299] Printed fabric sample B2 was produced as in printed fabric
sample A1 in Example A1 except that the pretreatment agent B2 was
used.
(1) Abrasion Resistance Test and Dry-Cleaning Test
[0300] The abrasion resistance and the dry-cleaning of the printed
fabric sample B2 were evaluated by the same methods as in Example
A1. The results of the abrasion resistance test and the
dry-cleaning test are shown in Table 6.
(2) Measurement of Color-Developing Property
[0301] The color-development property of the printed fabric sample
B2 was evaluated by the same method as in Example A1. The results
are shown in Table 6.
Examples B3 to B7
[0302] Printed fabric samples B3-1 to B3-5 were produced as in
Example B1 except that the emulsions b1 to b5 (EM-b1 to EM-b5) were
used for the pretreatment agents B3-1 to B3-5 (Examples B3 to B7).
Note, however, that since, in Example B7, application by ink jet
recording could not be achieved, application was performed by
padding. The printed fabric samples B3-1 to B3-5 were subjected to
the abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 6.
Examples B8 to B12
[0303] Printed fabric samples B4-1 to B4-5 were produced as in
Example B1 except that the emulsions c1 to c5 (EM-c1 to EM-c5) were
used for the pretreatment agents B4-1 to B4-5 (Examples B8 to B12).
The printed fabric samples B4-1 to B4-5 were subjected to the
abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 7.
Examples B13 to B17
[0304] Printed fabric samples B5-1 to B5-5 were produced as in
Example B1 except that the emulsions d1 to d5 (EM-d1 to EM-d5) were
used for the pretreatment agents B5-1 to B5-5 (Examples B13 to
B17). The printed fabric samples B5-1 to B5-5 were subjected to the
abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 8.
Example B18
[0305] Printed matters were formed on fabric of hemp (printed
fabric sample B6), rayon fiber (printed fabric sample B7), acetate
fiber (printed fabric sample B8), silk (printed fabric sample B9),
nylon fiber (printed fabric sample B10), and polyester fiber
(printed fabric sample B11), instead of cotton in Example B1. The
printed fabric samples B6 to B11 were subjected to the abrasion
resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 9.
Comparative Example B1
[0306] Printed fabric sample B12 was produced as in Example B1
except that the polyallylamine hydrochloride polymer (PAA-HCL-3L, a
product of Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd.) serving as the cationic polymer
in pretreatment agent B1 in Example B1 was not contained in
pretreatment agent B6. The printed fabric sample B12 was subjected
to the abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement
of color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are
shown in Table 10.
Comparative Example B2
[0307] Printed fabric sample B13 was produced as in Example B1
except that the emulsion e (EM-e) was used for pretreatment agent
B7. The printed fabric sample B13 was subjected to the abrasion
resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 10.
Comparative Example B3
[0308] Polymer fine particles having a molecular weight of 50000
were produced as in Example B1 by adjusting the amount of the
polymerization initiator by a known method. Printed fabric sample
B14 was produced as in Example B1 except that emulsion i (EM-i)
having a solid content of 40%, an aqueous solution of the polymer
fine particles, was used for pretreatment agent B8. The printed
fabric sample B14 was subjected to the abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and measurement of color-developing property as
in Example A1. The results are shown in Table 10.
Comparative Example B4
[0309] Printed fabric sample B15 was produced as in Example B1
except that pretreatment agent B9 prepared by using the emulsion g
(EM-g) was used without performing filtration with a filter and
that since application by ink jet recording could not be achieved,
application was performed by padding. The printed fabric sample B15
was subjected to the abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test,
and measurement of color-developing property as in Example A1. The
results are shown in Table 10.
Comparative Example B5
[0310] Printed fabric sample B16 was produced as in Example B1
except that the emulsion h (EM-h) was used for pretreatment agent
B10. The printed fabric sample B16 was subjected to the abrasion
resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 10.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Examples B1 to
B7 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Example Pretreatment agent B1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.20 --
B1 (Printed fabric sample B1) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5
4.5 43 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 77
Example Pretreatment agent B2 Bk2 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- B2
(Printed fabric sample B2) C2 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M2 4.5 4.5 4.5
42 -- -- Y2 5.0 5.0 4.5 52 -- -- W2 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 77 Example
Pretreatment agent B3-1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.17 -- B3 (Printed
fabric sample B3-1) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.5 44 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 70 Example
Pretreatment agent B3-2 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.22 -- B4 (Printed
fabric sample B3-2) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 46 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 4.5 54 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 75 Example
Pretreatment agent B3-3 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.21 -- B5 (Printed
fabric sample B3-3) C1 4.5 4.5 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 44 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 4.5 53 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 75 Example
Pretreatment agent B3-4 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.21 -- B6 (Printed
fabric sample B3-4) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 45 -- --
Y1 5.0 5.0 4.5 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 75 Example
Pretreatment agent B3-5 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- B7 (Printed
fabric sample B3-5) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 43 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 46 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.0 56 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- -- 78
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Examples B8 to
B12 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Example Pretreatment agent B4-1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.16
-- B8 (Printed fabric sample B4-1) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5
4.5 4.5 43 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 75
Example Pretreatment agent B4-2 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.18 -- B9
(Printed fabric sample B4-2) C1 4.5 4.5 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5
43 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 77 Example
Pretreatment agent B4-3 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.20 -- B10 (Printed
fabric sample B4-3) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 77 Example
Pretreatment agent B4-4 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.20 -- B11 (Printed
fabric sample B4-4) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 76 Example
Pretreatment agent B4-5 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.18 -- B12 (Printed
fabric sample B4-5) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 52 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- -- 78
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Examples B13 to
B17 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Example Pretreatment agent B5-1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.22
-- B13 (Printed fabric sample B5-1) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 44 -- -- M1 4.5
4.5 4.5 43 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 77
Example Pretreatment agent B5-2 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.21 -- B14
(Printed fabric sample B5-2) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5
43 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 53 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 79 Example
Pretreatment agent B5-3 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.20 -- B15 (Printed
fabric sample B5-3) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 78 Example
Pretreatment agent B5-4 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.20 -- B16 (Printed
fabric sample B5-4) C1 4.5 4.5 4.5 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 77 Example
Pretreatment agent B5-5 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- B17 (Printed
fabric sample B5-5) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.0 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.0 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.0 -- -- 77
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Example B18
Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Hemp Pretreatment agent B1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.21 --
(Printed fabric sample B6) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 44 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.5
46 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 57 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 78 Rayon
Pretreatment agent B1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.12 -- fiber (Printed
fabric sample B7) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 42 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 52 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 74 Acetate
Pretreatment agent B1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.16 -- fiber (Printed
fabric sample B8) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 44 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 46 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 56 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 78 Silk Pretreatment
agent B1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.10 -- (Printed fabric sample B9) C1
4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- -- Y1 4.0 4.0 4.5 52 --
-- W1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- -- 71 Nylon Pretreatment agent B1 Bk1 4.0 4.0
4.0 -- 1.16 -- fiber (Printed fabric sample B10) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41
-- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- Y1 4.0 4.0 4.5 52 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0
4.5 -- -- 71 Polyester Pretreatment agent B1 Bk2 4.0 4.0 4.0 --
1.10 -- fiber (Printed fabric sample B11) C2 4.0 4.0 4.0 40 -- --
M2 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- Y2 4.0 4.0 4.0 50 -- -- W2 4.0 4.0 4.0 --
-- 70
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Comparative
Examples B1 to B5 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance
test Dry-cleaning Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test
Saturation OD whiteness Comparative Pretreatment agent B6 Bk1 3.0
3.0 4.0 -- 1.02 -- Example B1 (Printed fabric sample B12) C1 3.0
3.0 4.0 32 -- -- M1 3.0 3.0 4.0 36 -- -- Y1 3.0 2.5 4.0 41 -- -- W1
2.0 2.0 4.0 -- -- 25 Comparative Pretreatment agent B7 Bk1 3.0 1.5
4.0 -- 1.20 -- Example B2 (Printed fabric sample B13) C1 3.0 1.5
4.0 43 -- -- M1 3.5 2.0 4.5 42 -- -- Y1 3.5 2.0 4.5 54 -- -- W1 3.0
2.0 4.5 -- -- 78 Comparative Pretreatment agent B8 Bk1 4.0 3.0 3.0
-- 1.11 -- Example B3 (Printed fabric sample B14) C1 4.0 3.0 3.0 40
-- -- M1 4.5 3.5 3.0 44 -- -- Y1 4.5 3.5 3.0 56 -- -- W1 4.0 3.5
3.5 -- -- 79 Comparative Pretreatment agent B9 Bk1 3.0 3.0 2.5 --
1.23 -- Example B4 (Printed fabric sample B15) C1 3.0 3.0 3.0 45 --
-- M1 3.0 3.0 3.0 47 -- -- Y1 3.0 2.5 3.0 57 -- -- W1 2.0 2.0 3.0
-- -- 80 Comparative Pretreatment agent B10 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- 1.01
-- Example B5 (Printed fabric sample B16) C1 4.0 4.0 4.5 36 -- --
M1 4.4 4.5 4.5 40 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 42 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.0 --
-- 53
EXAMPLE C
Example C1
Preparation of Pretreatment Agent C1
(1) Production of Cationic Polymer Fine Particles 1
[0311] Ion-exchanged water (100 parts) was placed in a reaction
container equipped with a dropping device, a thermometer, a
water-cooled reflux condenser, and a stirrer, and Potassium
persulfate (0.2 parts) serving as a polymerization initiator was
added to the reaction container at 70.degree. C. with stirring
under a nitrogen atmosphere. A monomer solution composed of
ion-exchanged water (7 parts), sodium lauryl sulfate (0.05 parts),
glycidoxy acrylate (4 parts), ethyl acrylate (15 parts), butyl
acrylate (15 parts), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (6 parts), butyl
methacrylate (5 parts), and t-dodecyl mercaptan (0.02 parts) was
dropwise added to the reaction container at 70.degree. C. to
prepare a primary material. To the primary material, 10% ammonium
persulfate solution (2 parts) was added, followed by stirring.
Furthermore, to the resulting mixture, a reaction solution composed
of ion-exchanged water (30 parts), potassium lauryl sulfate (0.2
parts), ethyl acrylate (30 parts), methyl acrylate (15 parts),
butyl acrylate (6 parts), allylamine (16 parts), and t-dodecyl
mercaptan (0.5 parts) was added at 70.degree. C. with stirring for
polymerization, followed by filtration through a 0.3 .mu.m filter
to prepare a water dispersion of cationic polymer fine particles.
The concentration of the dispersion was adjusted with water to
obtain an emulsion .alpha. (EM-.alpha.) having a solid content of
40%. A portion of the water dispersion of the cationic polymer fine
particles was dried, and the glass transition temperature thereof
was measured with a differential scanning calorimetry (Exstar 6000
DSC, a product of Seiko Instruments Inc.) to be -15.degree. C. The
styrene-reduced molecular weight measured with an L7100 system (a
product of Hitachi, Ltd.) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC)
using THF as a solvent was 150000. The particle diameter measured
with a Microtrac particle size distribution analyzer UPA250
(Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) was 190 nm.
(2) Production of Pretreatment Agent C1
[0312] The following additives were sequentially mixed, stirred,
and filtered through a 5 .mu.m filter to prepare pretreatment agent
C1:
[0313] EM-.alpha. (solid content: 40%): 25.0%,
[0314] Olfine E1010 (a product of Nissin Chemical Industry Co.,
Ltd.): 1.2%,
[0315] Proxel XLII (a product of Arch Chemicals Japan, Inc.):
0.3%,
[0316] 1,2-hexanediol: 0.5%,
[0317] triethylene glycol: 0.5%, and
[0318] ion-exchanged water: balance.
Preparation of Black Ink 1, Cyan Ink 1, Magenta Ink 1, Yellow Ink
1, and White Ink 1 for Ink Jet Recording
[0319] The black ink 1, the cyan ink 1, the magenta ink 1, the
yellow ink 1, and the white ink 1 in Example A were used.
Production of Printed Fabric Sample C1
[0320] Printed fabric sample C1 was produced as in printed fabric
sample A1 in Example A1 except that the pretreatment agent C1 was
used.
(1) Abrasion Resistance Test and Dry-Cleaning Test
[0321] The abrasion resistance and the dry-cleaning of the printed
fabric sample C1 were evaluated by the same methods as in Example
A1. The results of the abrasion resistance test and the
dry-cleaning test are shown in Table 11.
(2) Measurement of Color-Developing Property
[0322] The color-development property of the printed fabric sample
C1 was evaluated by the same method as in Example A1. The results
are shown in Table 11.
Example C2
Preparation of Pretreatment Agent C2
(1) Production of Cationic Polymer Fine Particles 2
[0323] Water dispersion of cationic polymer fine particles was
produced as in production of cationic polymer fine particles 1
except that allylamine (10 parts) and dimethyl allylamine (6 parts)
were used instead of allylamine (16 parts). The concentration of
the dispersion was adjusted with water to obtain an emulsion .beta.
(EM-.beta.) having a solid content of 40%. A portion of the water
dispersion of the cationic polymer fine particles was dried, and
the glass transition temperature thereof was measured with a
differential scanning calorimetry (Exstar 6000 DSC, a product of
Seiko Instruments Inc.) to be -14.degree. C. The styrene-reduced
molecular weight measured with an L7100 system (a product of
Hitachi, Ltd.) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using THF as
a solvent was 160000. The particle diameter measured with a
Microtrac particle size distribution analyzer UPA250 (Nikkiso Co.,
Ltd.) was 180 nm.
[0324] Pretreatment agent C2 was prepared as in preparation of the
pretreatment agent C1 except that EM-.beta. was used instead of
EM-.alpha..
Preparation of Black Ink 2, Cyan Ink 2, Magenta Ink 2, Yellow Ink
2, and White Ink 2 for Ink Jet Recording
[0325] The black ink 2, the cyan ink 2, the magenta ink 2, the
yellow ink 2, and the white ink 2 in Example A were used.
Production of Printed Fabric Sample C2
[0326] Printed fabric sample C2 was produced as in printed fabric
sample A1 in Example A1 except that the pretreatment agent C2 was
used.
(1) Abrasion Resistance Test and Dry-Cleaning Test
[0327] The abrasion resistance and the dry-cleaning of the printed
fabric sample C2 were evaluated by the same methods as in Example
A1. The results of the abrasion resistance test and the
dry-cleaning test are shown in Table 11.
(2) Measurement of Color-Developing Property
[0328] The color-development property of the printed fabric sample
C2 was evaluated by the same method as in Example A1. The results
are shown in Table 11.
Examples C3 to C7
[0329] Polymer fine particles having a particle diameter of 50 nm
(Example C3), 300 nm (Example C4), 500 nm (Example C5), 1 .mu.m
(Example C6), or 5 .mu.m (Example C7) were produced by a known
method as in Example C1 by adjusting the stirring speed. Printed
fabric samples C3-1 to C3-5 were produced as in Example C1 except
that emulsions .gamma.1 to .gamma.5 (EM-.gamma.1 to EM-.gamma.5),
aqueous solutions of the polymer fine particles, were used for the
pretreatment agents C3-1 to C3-5. Note, however, that since, in
Example C7, application by ink jet recording could not be achieved,
application was performed by padding. The printed fabric samples
C3-1 to C3-5 were subjected to the abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and measurement of color-developing property as
in Example A1. The results are shown in Table 11.
Examples C8 to C12
[0330] Polymer fine particles having a glass transition temperature
of -30.degree. C. (Example C8), -25.degree. C. (Example C9),
-20.degree. C. (Example C10), -13.degree. C. (Example C11), or
-10.degree. C. (Example C12) were produced by a known method as in
Example C1 except that lauryl acrylate was used instead of ethyl
acrylate (30 parts). Printed fabric samples C4-1 to C4-5 were
produced as in Example C1 except that the emulsions .delta.1 to
.delta.5 (EM-.delta.1 to EM-.delta.5) having a solid content of
40%, aqueous solutions of the polymer fine particles, were used for
the pretreatment agents C4-1 to C4-5. The printed fabric samples
C4-1 to C4-5 were subjected to the abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and measurement of color-developing property as
in Example A1. The results are shown in Table 12.
Example C13 to C17
[0331] Polymer fine particles having a molecular weight of 300000
(Example C13), 200000 (Example C14), 180000 (Example C15), 130000
(Example C16), or 100000 (Example C17) were produced as in Example
C1 by adjusting the amount of the polymerization initiator by a
known method. Printed fabric samples C5-1 to C5-5 were produced as
in Example C1 except that emulsions .epsilon.1 to .epsilon.5
(EM-.epsilon.1 to EM-.epsilon.5) having a solid content of 40%,
aqueous solutions of the polymer fine particles, were used for the
pretreatment agents C5-1 to C5-5. The printed fabric samples C5-1
to C5-5 were subjected to the abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and measurement of color-developing property as
in Example A1. The results are shown in Table 13.
Example C18
[0332] Printed matters were formed on fabric of hemp (printed
fabric sample C6), rayon fiber (printed fabric sample C7), acetate
fiber (printed fabric sample C8), silk (printed fabric sample C9),
nylon fiber (printed fabric sample C10), and polyester fiber
(printed fabric sample C11), instead of cotton in Example C1. The
printed fabric samples C6 to C11 were subjected to the abrasion
resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 14.
Comparative Example C1
[0333] Printed fabric sample C12 was produced as in Example C1
except that the cationic polymer fine particles in pretreatment
agent C1 in Example C1 was not contained in pretreatment agent C6.
The printed fabric sample C12 was subjected to the abrasion
resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and measurement of
color-developing property as in Example A1. The results are shown
in Table 15.
Comparative Example C2
[0334] Cationic polymer fine particles having a glass transition
temperature of 15.degree. C. were produced by a known method as in
Example C1 except that styrene (30 parts) was used instead of ethyl
acrylate (30 parts). Printed fabric sample C13 was produced as in
Example C1 except that emulsion .zeta. (EM-.zeta.) having a solid
content of 40%, an aqueous solution of the cationic polymer fine
particles, was used for pretreatment agent C7. The printed fabric
sample C13 was subjected to the abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and measurement of color-developing property as
in Example A1. The results are shown in Table 15.
Comparative Example C3
[0335] Cationic polymer fine particles having a mass-average
molecular weight of 80000 were produced as in Example C1 by
adjusting the amount of the polymerization initiator by a known
method. Printed fabric sample C14 was produced as in Example C1
except that emulsion .eta. (EM-.eta.) having a solid content of
40%, an aqueous solution of the cationic polymer fine particles,
was used for pretreatment agent C8. The printed fabric sample C14
was subjected to the abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test,
and measurement of color-developing property as in Example A1. The
results are shown in Table 15.
Comparative Example C4
[0336] Cationic polymer fine particles having a particle diameter
of 6 .mu.m were produced as in Example C1 by adjusting stirring
speed by a known method. Printed fabric sample C15 was produced as
in Example C1 except that pretreatment agent C9 prepared by using
emulsion .theta. (EM-.theta.) having a solid content of 40%, an
aqueous solution of the cationic polymer fine particles, was used
without performing filtration with a filter and that since
application by ink jet recording could not be achieved, application
was performed by padding. The printed fabric sample C15 was
subjected to the abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and
measurement of color-developing property as in Example A1. The
results are shown in Table 15.
Comparative Example C5
[0337] Cationic polymer fine particles having a particle diameter
of 30 nm were produced as in Example C1 by adjusting stirring speed
by a known method. Printed fabric sample C16 was produced as in
Example C1 except that emulsion (EM- having a solid content of 40%,
an aqueous solution of the cationic polymer fine particles, was
used for pretreatment agent C10. The printed fabric sample C16 was
subjected to the abrasion resistance test, dry-cleaning test, and
measurement of color-developing property as in Example A1. The
results are shown in Table 15.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Examples C1 to
C7 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Example Pretreatment agent C1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.18 --
C1 (Printed fabric sample C1) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0
4.5 42 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.5 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 77
Example Pretreatment agent C2 Bk2 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- C2
(Printed fabric sample C2) C2 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M2 4.0 4.0 4.5
42 -- -- Y2 4.5 4.5 4.5 52 -- -- W2 4.5 4.0 4.5 -- -- 77 Example
Pretreatment agent C3-1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.16 -- C3 (Printed
fabric sample C3-1) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.5 42 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.0 4.5 52 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.5 -- -- 70 Example
Pretreatment agent C3-2 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.21 -- C4 (Printed
fabric sample C3-2) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.0 4.5 44 -- --
Y1 5.0 4.5 4.5 52 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 75 Example
Pretreatment agent C3-3 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- C5 (Printed
fabric sample C3-3) C1 4.5 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.0 4.5 42 -- --
Y1 5.0 4.5 4.5 53 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 75 Example
Pretreatment agent C3-4 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.21 -- C6 (Printed
fabric sample C3-4) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.5 45 -- --
Y1 5.0 4.5 4.5 55 -- -- W1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -- -- 75 Example
Pretreatment agent C3-5 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- C7 (Printed
fabric sample C3-5) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 43 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 46 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.0 4.0 56 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- -- 78
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Examples C8 to
C12 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Example Pretreatment agent C4-1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.15
-- C8 (Printed fabric sample C4-1) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M1 4.5
4.0 4.0 42 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.0 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.5 -- -- 74
Example Pretreatment agent C4-2 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.16 -- C9
(Printed fabric sample C4-2) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M1 4.5 4.0 4.5
43 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.0 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.5 -- -- 76 Example
Pretreatment agent C4-3 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.18 -- C10 (Printed
fabric sample C4-3) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M1 4.5 4.0 4.5 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.0 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.5 -- -- 76 Example
Pretreatment agent C4-4 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.18 -- C11 (Printed
fabric sample C4-4) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.0 4.5 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.0 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.5 -- -- 75 Example
Pretreatment agent C4-5 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.16 -- C12 (Printed
fabric sample C4-5) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.0 4.0 52 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- -- 76
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Examples C13 to
C17 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Example Pretreatment agent C5-1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.22
-- C13 (Printed fabric sample C5-1) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.5
4.0 4.0 41 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.0 4.0 53 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.0 -- -- 77
Example Pretreatment agent C5-2 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.21 -- C14
(Printed fabric sample C5-2) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.0 4.5
43 -- -- Y1 4.5 4.0 4.5 54 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.5 -- -- 79 Example
Pretreatment agent C5-3 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- C15 (Printed
fabric sample C5-3) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.0 4.5 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.0 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.5 -- -- 78 Example
Pretreatment agent C5-4 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- C16 (Printed
fabric sample C5-4) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.5 4.0 4.5 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.0 4.5 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.5 -- -- 77 Example
Pretreatment agent C5-5 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.20 -- C17 (Printed
fabric sample C5-5) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 43 -- --
Y1 4.5 4.5 4.0 51 -- -- W1 4.5 4.0 4.0 -- -- 77
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Example C18
Abrasion Color-developing property resistance test Dry-cleaning
Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test Saturation OD
whiteness Hemp Pretreatment agent C1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.21 --
(Printed fabric sample C6) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 43 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0
45 -- -- Y1 4.0 4.0 4.0 54 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- -- 76 Rayon
Pretreatment agent C1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.11 -- fiber (Printed
fabric sample C7) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- --
Y1 4.0 4.0 4.5 52 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- -- 72 Acetate
Pretreatment agent C1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.15 -- fiber (Printed
fabric sample C8) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 43 -- -- M1 4.5 4.5 4.0 42 -- --
Y1 4.0 4.0 4.5 53 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.5 -- -- 75 Silk Pretreatment
agent C1 Bk1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- 1.10 -- (Printed fabric sample C9) C1
4.0 4.0 4.0 40 -- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- Y1 4.0 4.0 4.5 52 --
-- W1 4.0 4.0 4.0 -- -- 71 Nylon Pretreatment agent C1 Bk1 4.0 4.0
4.0 -- 1.16 -- fiber (Printed fabric sample C10) C1 4.0 4.0 4.0 40
-- -- M1 4.0 4.0 4.0 42 -- -- Y1 4.0 4.0 4.0 52 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0
4.0 -- -- 71 Polyester Pretreatment agent C1 Bk2 4.0 4.0 4.0 --
1.10 -- fiber (Printed fabric sample C11) C2 4.0 4.0 4.0 40 -- --
M2 4.0 4.0 4.0 41 -- -- Y2 4.0 4.0 4.0 50 -- -- W2 4.0 4.0 4.0 --
-- 70
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Results of abrasion resistance test,
dry-cleaning test, and color-developing property in Comparative
Examples C1 to C5 Abrasion Color-developing property resistance
test Dry-cleaning Degree of Pretreatment agent Ink Dry Wet test
Saturation OD whiteness Comparative Pretreatment agent C6 Bk1 3.0
3.0 4.0 -- 1.01 -- Example C1 (Printed fabric sample C12) C1 3.0
3.0 4.0 31 -- -- M1 3.0 3.0 4.0 33 -- -- Y1 3.0 2.5 4.0 39 -- -- W1
2.0 2.0 4.0 -- -- 22 Comparative Pretreatment agent C7 Bk1 3.0 1.5
4.0 -- 1.18 -- Example C2 (Printed fabric sample C13) C1 3.0 1.5
4.0 41 -- -- M1 3.5 2.0 4.5 41 -- -- Y1 3.5 2.0 4.5 52 -- -- W1 3.0
2.0 4.5 -- -- 75 Comparative Pretreatment agent C8 Bk1 4.0 3.0 3.0
-- 1.11 -- Example C3 (Printed fabric sample C14) C1 4.0 3.0 3.0 40
-- -- M1 4.0 3.0 3.0 42 -- -- Y1 4.0 3.5 3.0 52 -- -- W1 4.0 3.5
3.5 -- -- 76 Comparative Pretreatment agent C9 Bk1 3.0 3.0 2.5 --
1.23 -- Example C4 (Printed fabric sample C15) C1 3.0 3.0 3.0 42 --
-- M1 3.0 3.0 3.0 44 -- -- Y1 3.0 2.5 3.0 53 -- -- W1 2.0 2.0 3.0
-- -- 78 Comparative Pretreatment agent C10 Bk1 4.0 3.5 4.5 -- 1.01
-- Example C5 (Printed fabric sample C16) C1 4.0 3.5 4.5 35 -- --
M1 4.0 3.5 4.5 38 -- -- Y1 4.0 4.0 4.5 40 -- -- W1 4.0 4.0 4.0 --
-- 50
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