U.S. patent application number 13/005457 was filed with the patent office on 2011-08-04 for mixing system and faucet sensor system for a touch free automatic faucet.
Invention is credited to Chung-Chia Chen.
Application Number | 20110186161 13/005457 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44340334 |
Filed Date | 2011-08-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110186161 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chen; Chung-Chia |
August 4, 2011 |
MIXING SYSTEM AND FAUCET SENSOR SYSTEM FOR A TOUCH FREE AUTOMATIC
FAUCET
Abstract
A water flow and temperature mixing system for touch free
automatic faucets comprises motorized actuator mechanisms coupled
to a water flow mechanism. The water flow mechanism comprises a
housing, hot and cold water inlets, a solenoid valve, and a water
outlet. The water is mixed in the water flow mechanism, and exits
through the solenoid valve and the water outlet. A faucet sensor
system for a touch free automatic faucet comprises a sensor
housing, a plurality of sensor assemblies coupled to a sensor
holding element and a securing nut to secure the plurality of
sensor assemblies within the sensor housing, and a faucet
stationary base. The plurality of sensor assemblies comprise a
primary sensor assembly, a secondary sensor assembly, and a
tertiary sensor assembly. The secondary sensor assembly and the
tertiary sensor assembly can be interchangeably placed on either
side of the sensor housing to control water flow and
temperature.
Inventors: |
Chen; Chung-Chia; (La Habra
Heights, CA) |
Family ID: |
44340334 |
Appl. No.: |
13/005457 |
Filed: |
January 12, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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61300781 |
Feb 2, 2010 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
137/637 ;
137/801 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03C 2001/026 20130101;
Y10T 137/9464 20150401; G05D 23/1927 20130101; E03C 1/057 20130101;
Y10T 137/87096 20150401 |
Class at
Publication: |
137/637 ;
137/801 |
International
Class: |
F16K 11/22 20060101
F16K011/22; F16K 21/00 20060101 F16K021/00 |
Claims
1. A water flow and temperature control mixing system for a touch
free automatic faucet, comprising: a water flow mechanism,
comprising: a water flow housing; a hot water inlet connector; a
cold water inlet connector; to a water mixing chamber; a solenoid
valve housing; and a water outlet connector a first motorized
actuator mechanism coupled to the water flow mechanism, the first
motorized actuator mechanism configured to receive hot water and
comprising: a stem portion; and a hot water flow valve; and a
second motorized actuator mechanism coupled to the water flow
mechanism, the second motorized actuator mechanism configured to
receive cold water and comprising: a stem portion; and a cold water
flow valve.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the water flow housing comprises
a first tubular portion to house the stem portion of the first
motorized actuator mechanism and a second tubular portion to house
the stem portion of the second motorized actuator mechanism, and
the two tubular portions are parallel and adjacent to each
other.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the water flow housing comprises
a bracket portion disposed at the distal end of the first tubular
portion and a bracket portion disposed at the distal end of the
second tubular portion.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a water temperature
sensor disposed within the water flow housing.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the hot water inlet connector and
the cold water inlet connector each comprises an inlet water filter
and a check valve.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the hot water valve and the cold
water valve comprise a rotating hot water cartridge with a first
opening and a cold water cartridge with a second opening
respectively.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein: the first motorized actuator
mechanism comprises a rotating hot water cartridge, a gasket, a
cartridge locking nut, a motor actuator adapter, and a motorized
actuator; and the second motorized actuator mechanism comprises a
rotating cold water cartridge, a gasket, a cartridge locking nut, a
motor actuator adapter, and a motorized actuator.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the hot and cold water flow are
mixed in the water mixing chamber, and the mixed water is directed
through the solenoid valve housing and out of the water outlet
connector.
9. A water flow and temperature control mixing system for a touch
free automatic faucet, comprising: a water flow mechanism,
comprising: a water flow housing; a hot water inlet connector; a
cold water inlet connector; a water mixing chamber; a solenoid
valve housing; and a water outlet connector a first motorized
actuator mechanism coupled to the water flow mechanism, the first
motorized actuator mechanism configured to receive hot water and
comprising: a stem portion; and a hot water flow valve; a second
motorized actuator mechanism coupled to the water flow mechanism,
the second motorized actuator mechanism configured to receive cold
water and comprising: a stem portion; and a cold water flow valve;
wherein the first motorized actuator mechanism and the second
motorized actuator mechanism are parallel to each other on the
distal end of the water flow mechanism, the hot water inlet
connector is coaxial to the first motorized actuator mechanism, and
the cold water inlet connector which is coaxial to the second
motorized actuator mechanism.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the solenoid valve housing is
positioned medially between the first motorized actuator mechanism
and the second motorized gear mechanism, and medially between the
distal end and the proximal end of the water flow mechanism.
11. The system of claim 9, wherein the water flow housing of claim
comprises a first tubular portion to house the stem portion of the
first motorized actuator mechanism and a second tubular portion to
house the stem portion of the second motorized actuator mechanism,
and the two tubular portions are parallel and adjacent to each
other.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the water flow housing
comprises a bracket portion disposed at the distal end of the first
tubular portion and a bracket portion disposed at the distal end of
the second tubular portion.
13. The system of claim 9, further comprising a water temperature
sensor disposed in a water temperature sensor housing coupled to
the water mixing chamber.
14. The system of claim 9, wherein the hot and cold water flow are
mixed in the water mixing chamber, and the mixed water is directed
through the solenoid valve housing and out of the water outlet
connector.
15. A water flow and temperature control mixing system for a touch
free automatic faucet, comprising: a water flow mechanism,
comprising: a water flow housing; a hot water inlet connector; a
cold water inlet connector; a water mixing chamber; a solenoid
valve housing; and a water outlet connector a first motorized
actuator mechanism coupled to the water flow mechanism, the first
motorized actuator mechanism configured to receive hot water and
comprising: a rotating hot water cartridge; an actuator; a second
motorized actuator mechanism coupled to the water flow mechanism,
the second motorized actuator mechanism configured to receive cold
water and comprising: a rotating cold water cartridge; an actuator;
wherein the first motorized actuator mechanism and the second
motorized actuator mechanism are parallel to each other on the
distal end of the water flow mechanism, the hot water inlet
connector is coaxial to the first motorized actuator mechanism, and
the cold water inlet connector which is coaxial to the second
motorized actuator mechanism.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the solenoid valve housing is
positioned medially between the first motorized actuator mechanism
and the second motorized actuator mechanism, and medially between
the distal end and the proximal end of the water flow
mechanism.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the solenoid valve housing is
coaxial to the water outlet connector, and the water outlet
connector is parallel to the cold water inlet connector and the hot
water inlet connector.
18. The system of claim 15, wherein the water flow housing
comprises a first tubular portion to house the stem portion of the
first motorized actuator mechanism and a second tubular portion to
house the stem portion of the second motorized actuator mechanism,
wherein the first and second tubular portions are parallel and
adjacent to each other.
19. The system of claim 15, further comprising a water temperature
sensor disposed within a water temperature sensor housing coupled
to the water mixing chamber.
20. The system of claim 15, wherein the hot and cold water flow are
mixed in the water mixing chamber, and the mixed water is directed
through the solenoid valve housing and out of the water outlet
connector.
21. The system of claim 15, wherein the cold water inlet connector
is coaxial to the cold water flow valve to collectively form a cold
water passage way, and the hot water inlet connector is coaxial to
the hot water flow valve to collectively form a hot water passage
way.
22. A faucet sensor system, comprising: a faucet spout; a sensor
housing coupled to the faucet spout; a plurality of sensor
assemblies disposed within the sensor housing; a sensor holding
element coupled to the plurality of sensor assemblies disposed
within the sensor housing; a securing nut coupled to the sensor
holding element disposed within the sensor housing; and a faucet
stationary base.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the plurality of sensor
assemblies comprises a primary sensor assembled on a first printed
circuit board and placed inside a sensor cover to form a primary
sensor assembly, a plurality of secondary sensors assembled on a
second printed circuit board and placed inside a sensor cover to
form a secondary sensor assembly, and a plurality of tertiary
sensors assembled on a third printed circuit board and placed
inside a sensor cover to form a tertiary sensor assembly.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the sensor housing comprises a
window configured to align with the primary sensor assembly, a
window configured to align with the secondary sensor assembly, and
a window configured to align with the tertiary sensor assembly.
25. The system of claim 22, further comprising a water outlet spray
head, and wherein the primary sensor assembly is configured in the
same direction as the water outlet spray head.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is related to copending application Ser.
No. 12/714,443, filed Feb. 27, 2010, which is herein incorporated
by reference, and claims the benefit of Provisional Application No.
61/300,781 filed on Feb. 2, 2010.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention generally relates to the field of
automatic faucets. More particularly, the present invention relates
to a mixing system and a faucet housing for a touch free automatic
faucet.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Automatic faucets have become popular for water saving.
Because of personal hygiene concerns, touch free automatic faucets
are ideal for public locations, and commercial and residential
applications.
[0006] The conventional automatic faucet is controlled with a
single electronic sensor to toggle water on and off with a preset
water temperature. However, most applications such as kitchens,
lavatories and commercial facilities require adjustments on water
flow, temperature and continuous water flow services.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] In accordance with the present invention, structures and
associated methods are disclosed which address these needs and
overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
[0008] In one aspect, a water flow and temperature control mixing
system is provided for a touch free automatic faucet. The mixing
system includes a cold water motorized actuator mechanism, a hot
water motorized actuator mechanism, and a water flow mechanism. The
water flow mechanism comprises a hot water inlet connector and a
cold water inlet connector to supply hot water and cold water, a
solenoid valve, and a water outlet connector. The water is mixed in
the water flow mechanism to obtain the desired temperature, and
then directed through the solenoid valve and out of the water
outlet connector. An electronic logic processor is connected to the
mixing system.
[0009] In a further aspect, a faucet sensor system for a touch free
automatic faucet is provided. The faucet sensor system includes a
sensor housing, a plurality of sensor assemblies coupled to a
sensor holding element and a securing nut within the sensor
housing, and a faucet stationary base. In this embodiment, the
plurality of sensor assemblies comprise a primary sensor assembly,
a secondary sensor assembly, and a tertiary sensor assembly. The
secondary sensor assembly and the tertiary sensor assembly can be
interchangeably placed on either side of the sensor housing. The
interaction of the plurality of sensor assemblies allows the user
of the touch free automatic faucet to control water temperature and
flow rate.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates a water flow and temperature control
mixing system for a touch free automatic faucet according to a
preferred embodiment;
[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates a side interior view of a water flow
housing according to a preferred embodiment;
[0012] FIG. 3 illustrates a top interior view of the water flow
housing shown in FIG. 2 according to a preferred embodiment;
[0013] FIG. 4 illustrates another side interior view of the water
flow housing shown in FIG. 2 according to a preferred
embodiment;
[0014] FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded view of the water flow and
temperature control mixing system shown in FIG. 1 according to a
preferred embodiment;
[0015] FIG. 6 illustrates an exploded view of a faucet sensor
system according to a preferred embodiment; and
[0016] FIG. 7 illustrates a transparent view of a sensor housing
for the faucet sensor system shown in FIG. 6 according to a
preferred embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0017] The following description is made for the purpose of
illustrating the general principles of the invention and is not
meant to limit the inventive concepts claimed herein. Further,
particular features described herein can be used in combination
with other described features in each of the various possible
combinations and permutations. Unless otherwise specifically
defined herein, all terms are to be given their broadest possible
interpretation including meanings implied from the specification,
as well as meanings understood by those skilled in the art and/or
as defined in dictionaries, treatises, etc. The description may
disclose several preferred embodiments for a water flow and
temperature mixing system for touch free automatic faucets, as well
as operation and/or component parts thereof. While the following
description will be described in terms of automatic touch free
faucets for clarity and placing the invention in context, it should
be kept in mind that the teachings herein may have broad
application to all types of systems, devices and applications.
[0018] In FIG. 1, a first preferred embodiment of a water flow and
temperature mixing system, or simply mixing system, is designated
by the reference numeral 10. As illustrated, the mixing system 10
comprises a hot water motorized actuator mechanism 503, a cold
water motorized actuator mechanism 502, and a water flow mechanism
501. The water flow mechanism 501 comprises a water flow housing
500, hot water inlet connector 508, a cold water inlet connector
507, a water outlet connector 509, and a solenoid valve housing
504. The water flow housing includes a first tubular portion 517
and a second tubular portion 518.
[0019] The mixing system 10 defines an axis "A," a distal end 20, a
proximal end 22, a hot water side 24 and a cold water side 26. In
the preferred embodiment, the hot water and cold water inlet
connectors 508 and 507, and the outlet connector 509 are generally
parallel to the axis A.
[0020] The hot water motorized actuator mechanism 503 is preferably
located side-by-side to the cold water motorized actuator mechanism
502 adjacent to the distal end 20, and both motorized actuator
mechanisms 502 and 503 are coupled to the water flow mechanism 501.
The cold water inlet connector 507 is coaxial to the first tubular
portion 517 and the cold water motorized actuator mechanism 502.
The hot water inlet connector 508 is coaxial to the second tubular
portion 518 and the hot water motorized actuator mechanism 503. The
solenoid valve housing 504 is placed coaxial to axis A, in front of
and in between the hot water and cold water motorized actuator
mechanisms 503 and 502. Alternatively stated, the solenoid valve
housing 504 in the preferred embodiment is centrally located in
that it is positioned medially between the hot water side 24 and
the cold water side 26, as well as in between the distal end 20 and
the proximal end 22. The solenoid valve housing 504 includes a
water outlet connector 509, coaxially placed along the axis A and
in parallel to the hot water inlet connector 508 and the cold water
inlet 507.
[0021] FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the preferred
embodiment of the water flow mechanism 501 taken along a
cross-sectional line 2-2 of FIG. 3. Cold water 104 enters the water
flow mechanism 501 through the cold water inlet connector 507 at
the proximal end 22, which is coaxial to a cold water flow valve
535 in parallel to the axis A. The cold water inlet connector 507
and the coaxial cold water flow valve 535 collectively form a cold
water passage way 541. Hot water 105 enters the water flow
mechanism 501 through the hot water inlet connector 508 at the
proximal end 22, which is coaxial to a hot water flow valve 536 in
parallel to the axis A. The hot water inlet connector 508 and the
coaxial hot water flow valve 536 collectively form a hot water
passage way 542. A water mixing chamber 510 is disposed within the
water flow mechanism 501, between the cold water passage way 541
and the hot water passage way 542. The incoming cold water 104
enters the water mixing chamber 510 through the cold water passage
way 541 and an opening 543 disposed in the cold water flow valve
535. Similarly, the incoming hot water 105 enters the mixing
chamber 510 through the hot water passage way 542 and an opening
544 disposed in the hot water flow valve 536. A valve (505) (see
FIG. 5) in the valve chamber 537 of the cold water motorized
actuator mechanism 502 at the distal end 20 is housed within the
first tubular portion 517 and coaxially coupled to the cold water
flow valve chamber 535 in parallel to the axis A. Also adjacently,
a valve (506) (see FIG. 5) in the valve chamber 538 of the hot
water motorized actuator mechanism 503 at the distal end 20 is
housed within the second tubular portion 518 and coaxially coupled
to the hot water flow valve chamber 536 in parallel to the axis A.
Although the cold water flow valve 505 and the hot water flow valve
506 are preferably cartridge valves, they may comprise ball valves,
cylinder valves, or any other types of valves.
[0022] FIG. 3 illustrates a top interior view of the preferred
embodiment of the water flow mechanism 501 with cross-sectional
lines 2-2 and 4-4. A bracket portion 539 and a bracket portion 540
are provided on the outside of the water flow housing 500 to help
facilitate the securing of the water flow mechanism 501 to the hot
water and cold water motorized actuator mechanisms 503 and 502.
(See also FIG. 5). The bracket portion 539 is disposed at the
distal end 20 of the first tubular portion 517 and coaxial to the
stem portion 537 of the cold water motorized actuator mechanism 502
in parallel to the axis A. The bracket portion 540 is disposed at
the distal end 20 of the second tubular portion 518 and coaxial to
the stem portion 538 of the hot water motorized actuator mechanism
503 in parallel to the axis A. A water temperature sensor housing
592 is disposed within the water flow housing 500 in between the
first tubular portion 517 and the second tubular portion 518.
[0023] FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the preferred
embodiment of the water flow mechanism 501 taken along a
cross-sectional line 4-4 of FIG. 3. As shown, the cold water inlet
connector 507 is coaxial to the cold water flow valve 535 in
parallel to the axis A, and the hot water inlet connector 508 is
coaxial to the hot water flow valve 536 in parallel to the axis
A.
[0024] The temperature of the water output is controlled by
determining the respective amount of cold water and hot water going
into the water mixing chamber 510. A rotating cold water cartridge
505 (see FIG. 5) disposed in the cold water flow valve chamber 535
adjusts the incoming cold water flow by turning the opening 543 to
align with an opening of a cold water conduit 532 and allow cold
water to flow into the mixing chamber 510, or by turning the
opening 543 away from the opening of the cold water conduit 532 to
reduce cold water from flowing into the mixing chamber 510.
Similarly, a rotating hot water cartridge 506 (see FIG. 5) disposed
in the hot water flow valve chamber 536 adjusts the incoming hot
water flow by turning the opening 544 to align with an opening of a
hot water conduit 534 and allow hot water to flow into the mixing
chamber 510, or by turning the opening 544 away from the opening of
the hot water conduit 534 to reduce hot water from flowing into the
mixing chamber 510. The water temperature sensor housing 592 is
coupled to the water mixing chamber 510 along the axis A within the
water flow housing 500. The cold water and hot water valve stem
portions 517 and 518 hold the water motorized actuator mechanisms
502 and 503 to rotate the cold water valve 505 and the hot water
valve 506.
[0025] FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded view of the preferred
embodiment of the mixing system 10. An inlet cold water filter 513
is connected internally with a check valve 512 within the cold
water inlet connector 507. An inlet hot water filter 515 is
connected internally with a check valve 514 within the hot water
inlet connector 508. The check valves 512 and 514 prevent or reduce
water backflow from the cold water and the hot water inlet
connectors 507 and 508. The water flow housing 500 includes the
tubular portions 517 and 518, and the bracket portions 539 and 540
to secure the water flow mechanism 501 to the motorized cold water
and hot water actuator mechanisms 502 and 503. The cold water
motorized actuator mechanism 502 comprises the rotating cold water
cartridge 505, a gasket 587C, a cartridge locking nut 586C, a motor
actuator adapter 585C, a motor actuator 511C, an actuator connector
589C and electric wire 588C. The hot water motorized actuator
mechanism 503 comprises the rotating hot water cartridge 506, a
gasket 587H, a cartridge locking nut 586H, a motor actuator adapter
585H, and a motor actuator 511H, an actuator connector 589H and
electric wire 588H. The rotating cold water cartridge 505 and the
rotating hot water cartridge 506 are preferably two-way ceramic
valve cartridges. However, they may comprise cylinder valves, ball
valves, disk valves, or any other types of valves.
[0026] As signals are received from a logical processor such as a
printed circuit board (PCB), the cold water motorized actuator
mechanism 502 turns the actuator connector 589C that is connected
to the motor actuator adapter 585C and rotating cold water
cartridge 505 such that the opening 543 aligns with the opening of
the cold water conduit 532 within the water flow housing 500 to
allow cold water to flow into the mixing chamber 510. (See FIG. 4).
The cartridge locking nut 586C and the gasket 587C hold the cold
water cartridge 505 in position. Similarly, upon receiving signals
from the PCB, the hot water motorized actuator mechanism 503 turns
the actuator connector 589H that is connected to the motor actuator
adapter 585H and rotating hot water cartridge 506 such that the
opening 544 aligns with the opening of the hot water conduit 534
within the water flow housing 500 to allow hot water to flow into
the mixing chamber 510. The cartridge locking nut 586H and the
gasket 587H hold the hot water cartridge 506 in position. The hot
and cold water flow are mixed in the water mixing chamber 510. The
mixed water, which now has the desired temperature, is directed
through the solenoid valve housing 504 and out of the water outlet
connector 509. A water temperature sensor 591 is coupled to a
gasket 594 and an O-ring 593, and the assembly is housed in the
water temperature sensor housing 592 connected to the water mixing
chamber 510 within the water flow housing 500, to detect the mixed
water temperature in the water mixing chamber 510.
[0027] In FIG. 6, an exploded view of a first preferred embodiment
of a faucet sensor system is designated by the reference numeral
100 and is configured for use in connection with a touch free
automatic faucet system. In this preferred embodiment, the faucet
sensor system 100 comprises a faucet spout 101, a water outlet
spray head 555, a faucet stem 554, a sensor housing 552, a water
pipe/shaft 557, a faucet stationary base 551, an installation
bracket 559, and a tightening nut 558. The sensor housing 552 is
coupled to the faucet spout 101, and comprises a primary sensor
111, a plurality of secondary sensors 112 and 113, and a plurality
of tertiary sensors 114 and 115. The plurality of sensors are
assembled on printed circuit boards (PCBs), placed inside sensor
covers, and aligned with their respective matching windows or
openings disposed in the sensor housing 552. As an example, the
secondary sensor 112 on PCB 564 is placed inside a sensor cover 565
and matched with a window/opening 112a disposed in the sensor
housing 552; the secondary sensor 113 on PCB 564 is placed inside
the sensor cover 565 and matched with a window/opening 113a
disposed in the sensor housing 552; the primary sensor 111 on PCB
561 is placed inside a sensor cover 562 and matched with a
window/opening 111a disposed in the sensor housing 552; the
tertiary sensor 114 on PCB 567 is placed inside a sensor cover 568
and matched with a window/opening 114a disposed in the sensor
housing 552; and the tertiary sensor 115 on PCB 567 is placed
inside the sensor cover 568 and matched with a window/opening 115a
disposed in the sensor housing 552. In the preferred embodiment of
the faucet sensor system 100, the sensors 112, 113, 114, and 115
are interchangeable on either side of the faucet sensor housing 552
through the windows/openings 112a, 113a, 114a, and 115a.
[0028] FIG. 7 illustrates a transparent view of the preferred
embodiment of the sensor housing 552. In this preferred embodiment,
the plurality of sensors 111, 112, 113, 114, and 115 are installed
on the plurality of PCBs 561, 564, and 567, assembled inside the
plurality of sensor covers 562, 565, and 568, and secured to the
sensor housing 552 using a sensor holding element 572 and a
securing nut 573. Further, the primary sensor 111 is configured in
the same direction as the water outlet spray head 555.
[0029] The various embodiments of the invention provide a
touch-free automatic faucet with three or more sensors to control
water flow and temperature for commercial and residential
applications for easy and convenient operation, water conservation,
and personal hygiene protection.
[0030] Reference in the specification to "an embodiment," "one
embodiment," "some embodiments," or "other embodiments" means that
a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in
connection with the embodiments is included in at least some
embodiments, but not necessarily all embodiments. The various
appearances of "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "some
embodiments" are not necessarily all referring to the same
embodiments. If the specification states a component, feature,
structure, or characteristic "may," "might," or "could" be
included, that particular component, feature, structure, or
characteristic is not required to be included. If the specification
or claim refers to "a" or "an" element, that does not mean there is
only one of the element. If the specification or claims refer to
"an additional" element, that does not preclude there being more
than one of the additional element.
[0031] While certain exemplary embodiments have been described and
shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that
such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on
the broad invention, and that this invention not be limited to the
specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since
various other modifications may occur to those ordinarily skilled
in the art.
* * * * *