U.S. patent application number 12/968081 was filed with the patent office on 2011-07-07 for trash bag with malodor control.
This patent application is currently assigned to The Glad Products Company. Invention is credited to Ryan J. Coonce, Jeffrey S. Stiglic.
Application Number | 20110164834 12/968081 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44224731 |
Filed Date | 2011-07-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110164834 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Stiglic; Jeffrey S. ; et
al. |
July 7, 2011 |
TRASH BAG WITH MALODOR CONTROL
Abstract
The trash bag for receiving refuse may include a bag body, the
bag body including an inside surface, an outside surface, and a rim
defining a mouth with a hem and a draw tape in the hem. The entire
bag, the hem area, or the draw tape may contain fragrance, malodor
control agents, and fragrance release inhibitors.
Inventors: |
Stiglic; Jeffrey S.; (New
Lenox, IL) ; Coonce; Ryan J.; (Palatine, IL) |
Assignee: |
The Glad Products Company
Oakland
CA
|
Family ID: |
44224731 |
Appl. No.: |
12/968081 |
Filed: |
December 14, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61292347 |
Jan 5, 2010 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
383/75 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65F 1/0026 20130101;
B31B 2155/0014 20170801; B31B 70/005 20170801; B31B 70/942
20170801; B31B 70/645 20170801; B31B 70/8135 20170801; B31B 70/262
20170801; B31B 70/946 20170801; B65F 1/0006 20130101; B31B 2155/001
20170801; B31B 2155/003 20170801; B31B 70/644 20170801; B31B
2170/10 20170801 |
Class at
Publication: |
383/75 |
International
Class: |
B65D 33/28 20060101
B65D033/28 |
Claims
1. A thermoplastic bag comprising: a first sidewall of pliable
thermoplastic material; a second sidewall of pliable thermoplastic
material overlaying and joined to the first sidewall along a first
side edge, an opposite second side edge, and a bottom edge
extending between the first and second side edges to provide an
interior volume, the interior volume accessible by an opening
provided by first and second top edges of the respective first and
second sidewalls; wherein the length of the first and second top
edges in the relaxed state are less that the length of the bottom
edge; a draw tape in a first hem formed proximate the first top
edge, the draw tape attached to the bag at the first and second
side edges, a second draw tape in a second hem formed proximate the
second top edge, the second draw tape attached to the bag at the
first and second side edges; wherein the first and second hems
enclose a hem area and the hem area comprises a fragrance.
2. The thermoplastic bag of claim 1, wherein the hem area
additionally comprises a malodor control agent.
3. The thermoplastic bag of claim 1, wherein the hem area
additionally comprises a fragrance release inhibitor.
4. The thermoplastic bag of claim 1, wherein the fragrance is
concentrated in the hem area.
5. The thermoplastic bag of claim 1, wherein the fragrance
comprises greater than 20 percent fragrance ingredients with ClogP
of greater than 4.
6. A thermoplastic bag comprising: a first sidewall of pliable
thermoplastic material; a second sidewall of pliable thermoplastic
material overlaying and joined to the first sidewall along a first
side edge, an opposite second side edge, and a bottom edge
extending between the first and second side edges to provide an
interior volume, the interior volume accessible by an opening
provided by first and second top edges of the respective first and
second sidewalls; wherein the bag includes a first hem and a draw
tape in the first hem, wherein the hem is substantially enclosed
from the interior volume; wherein the length of the hem in the
relaxed state is less than the length of the bottom edge; and
wherein the hem comprises a fragrance, a malodor control agent, and
a fragrance release inhibitor
7. The thermoplastic bag of claim 6, wherein the hem has three or
more layers of pliable thermoplastic material wherein the layers
include an exterior layer, a central layer, and an interior layer
wherein the central layer of the hem area comprises a fragrance, a
malodor control agent, and a fragrance release inhibitor.
8. The thermoplastic bag of claim 6, wherein the fragrance
comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of
1,1-Dimethoxy-2,2,5-trimethylhex-4-ene,
N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-methylbutanamide, 1-p-methene-8-thiol,
thiobenzoic acids, 2,4,6-trimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane,
2,6-dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclo-hex-2-enone,
2,4,6-trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enone,
2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-3-enone,
2,6-Dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexanone,
1,2,6-trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enol,
6-methoxy-1,5,6-trimethyl-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexene,
1,2,4,6-Tetramethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enol,
2,6-Dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-1-vinyl-cyclohex-2-enol,
2,6-Dimethyl-1-ethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enol,
2,6-dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclo-hex-2-enol,
1,2,6-Trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexa-2,4-dienol, and
2-(2,3-Dimethyl-but-2-enyl)-2,6-dimethyl-cyclohexanone and mixtures
thereof.
9. The thermoplastic bag of claim 8, wherein the fragrance release
inhibitor comprises titanium dioxide.
10. The thermoplastic bag of claim 6, wherein the fragrance
comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of
acetanisole, anisyl acetate, anisyl alcohol, anisyl propionate,
benzoin, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl vanillin, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol,
1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, propenyl guaethol, veratraldehyde,
vanillylacetone, vanillin isobutyrate, veratrole, acetovanillone
and mixtures thereof.
11. The thermoplastic bag of claim 10, wherein the fragrance
release inhibitor comprises titanium dioxide.
12. The thermoplastic bag of claim 6, wherein the malodor control
agent comprises a musk compound.
13. The thermoplastic bag of claim 12, wherein the musk compound
comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of
1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-2-benzopyran,
6-acetyl-1-isopropyl-2,3,3,5-tetramethylindane, Ambrettolide
(cyclohexadecen-7-olide), Celestolide
(4-Acetyl-6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylindane), Dihydroambrettolide
(cyclohexadecanolide), Ethylene brassylate
(cyclo-1,13-ethylenedioxy-tridecan-1,13-dione), Exaltolide
(cyclopentadecanolide), Exaltone (cyclopentadecanone), Moskene
(1,1,3,3,5-Pentamethyl-4,6-dinitroindane), Musk ambrette
(2,4-dinitro-3-methyl-6-tert-butylanisole), Musk Ketone
(4-tert-butyl-3,5-dinitro-2,6-dimethylacetophenone), Musk MC4
(ethylene 1,12-dodecanedioate), Musk R1 (11-Oxahexadecanolide),
Musk tibetine (2-tert-butyl-1,3-dinitro-4,5,6-trinitrobenzene),
Musk xylol (1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene),
Phentolide (5-Acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethylindane), Tonalid
(1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyl-6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene),
versalide
(1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-6-acetyl-7-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtha-
lene), and combinations thereof.
14. A thermoplastic bag comprising: a first sidewall of pliable
thermoplastic material; a second sidewall of pliable thermoplastic
material overlaying and joined to the first sidewall along a first
side edge, an opposite second side edge, and a bottom edge
extending between the first and second side edges to provide an
interior volume, the interior volume accessible by an opening
provided by first and second top edges of the respective first and
second sidewalls; a draw tape in a first hem formed proximate the
first top edge, the draw tape attached to the bag at the first and
second side edges, a second draw tape in a second hem formed
proximate the second top edge, the second draw tape attached to the
bag at the first and second side edges, wherein one of the draw
tapes comprises a fragrance.
15. The thermoplastic bag of claim 14, wherein the fragrance
comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of
1,1-Dimethoxy-2,2,5-trimethylhex-4-ene,
N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-methylbutanamide, 1-p-methene-8-thiol,
thiobenzoic acids, 2,4,6-trimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane,
2,6-dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclo-hex-2-enone,
2,4,6-trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enone,
2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-3-enone,
2,6-Dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexanone,
1,2,6-trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enol,
6-methoxy-1,5,6-trimethyl-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexene,
1,2,4,6-Tetramethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enol,
2,6-Dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-1-vinyl-cyclohex-2-enol,
2,6-Dimethyl-1-ethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enol,
2,6-dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclo-hex-2-enol,
1,2,6-Trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexa-2,4-dienol, and
2-(2,3-Dimethyl-but-2-enyl)-2,6-dimethyl-cyclohexanone and mixtures
thereof.
16. The thermoplastic bag of claim 14, wherein the fragrance
comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of
acetanisole, anisyl acetate, anisyl alcohol, anisyl propionate,
benzoin, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl vanillin, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol,
1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, propenyl guaethol, veratraldehyde,
vanillylacetone, vanillin isobutyrate, veratrole, acetovanillone
and mixtures thereof.
17. The thermoplastic bag of claim 14, wherein the draw tape
additionally comprises a fragrance release inhibitor.
18. The thermoplastic bag of claim 17, wherein the fragrance
release inhibitor comprises titanium dioxide.
19. The thermoplastic bag of claim 14, wherein the draw tape
additionally comprises a malodor control agent.
20. The thermoplastic bag of claim 19, wherein the malodor control
agent comprises a musk compound.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/292,347, filed Jan. 5, 2010, which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to trash bags, and
particularly to trash bags with malodor control features, and more
particularly to draw tape trash bags with malodor control
features.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Plastic trash bags have long been used to line trash
receptacles. The trash bags encourage sanitary conditions by
preventing the refuse from contacting the receptacle. Trash bags
also provide a convenient way to remove trash from a receptacle for
transport or disposal. Because trash often contains food scraps and
other malodor producing items, attempts have been made to produce
fragranced trash bags to hide the malodors produced by the bag
contents. It is easy to apply volatile fragrance components
directly to malodors in the air, for example with the active
immediate use of a spray or aerosol air freshening composition. It
is much more difficult to control malodors using passive diffusion
from plastic trash bags. One of the difficulties is that many
fragrance and malodor control agents are not soluble in the typical
polyethylene composition of plastic trash bags. Another difficulty
is that much of the fragrance and malodor control agents that can
be volatilized at ambient temperatures to control malodor formed by
trash are substantially volatilized during the trash bag production
process, which involves high temperature melt extrusion of
polyethylene or other plastics. This volatilization during the
production process causes environmental issues within the
manufacturing plant, wastes valuable volatile fragrance and odor
control agents, and changes the notes of the fragrance and odor
control agents as the components are differentially volatilized.
These difficulties are particularly apparent in the production of
draw tape trash bags, where the bags are large, the production
process is complex, and the bags are used in an open
configuration.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In one embodiment, the bag may further comprise a front
wall, a back wall, and a hem, the hem defining the rim. The hem may
further define a passageway, which is at least partially enclosed.
The hem may include a first opening and a second opening. The bag
may comprise a draw tape, which is disposed within the passageway.
The draw tape may be accessible via the first and second openings
in the hem. The hem, the hem passageway, and the draw tape may
comprise a hem area. The hem may include a fragrance, a malodor
control agent and a fragrance release inhibitor. If the first and
second hem openings are small relative to the total hem area, then
any fragrance released in the interior of the hem may be trapped
and effectively build up in concentration within the hem interior.
This may also be the case if the film layer on the hem exterior has
a composition such that it is a barrier to fragrance
transmission.
[0005] In another embodiment, the bag may comprise a bag body
including a first portion. The first portion may include an upper
rim, which defines a mouth. The bag may further comprise a second
portion disposed below the first portion, the second portion
defining a closed bottom to the bag. The bag body may be thicker in
the first portion than in the second portion.
[0006] In another embodiment, the bag may comprise a bag body, the
bag body having an inside surface and an outside surface. The bag
may comprise a rim, which defines a mouth. The bag may further
comprise a hem that defines the rim. The hem area may define a
passageway, the passageway being at least partially enclosed. The
hem area may further include an inside surface, an outside surface,
a first opening, and a second opening. The bag may also comprise a
draw tape disposed within the passageway. The draw tape may be
accessible via the first and second openings in the hem. The draw
tape may contain a fragrance, a malodor control agent, and a
fragrance release inhibitor.
[0007] When the hem has a length shorter than the length of the
bottom of the bag, the hem may fit snugly at the top of the trash
can or may limit the volume of air circulating into and out of the
trash bag and effectively control malodors inside the bag from
being offensive at the bag opening. When the hem is patterned, the
interior of the hem may contain restricted areas for the build-up
of fragrance concentration. This may also help to effectively
control malodors inside the bag from being offensive at the bag
opening.
[0008] In another embodiment, the bag may comprise a bag body
having an inside surface and an outside surface. The bag may
comprise an undulating rim, the rim defining a mouth. The rim may
include at least two flaps, wherein the flaps may be tied together
to at least partially close the bag.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)
[0009] FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a film of an embodiment
of the invention.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a film of an embodiment
of the invention.
[0011] FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a film of an embodiment
of the invention.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a draw tape bag of the
invention.
[0013] FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view taken along line 44-44 of
the bag of FIG. 4.
[0014] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the bag of FIG. 4 wherein
the draw tapes have been drawn to close the bag.
[0015] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the bag of FIG. 4 inserted
into a trash receptacle.
[0016] FIG. 8 is a partial front view of a bag of the
invention.
[0017] FIG. 9A is a cross sectional view of a bag of the
invention.
[0018] FIG. 9B is a cross sectional view of a bag of the
invention.
[0019] FIG. 9C is a cross sectional view of a bag of the
invention.
[0020] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a bag of the invention.
[0021] FIG. 11A is a cross sectional view of a bag of the
invention.
[0022] FIG. 11B is a cross sectional view of a bag of the
invention.
[0023] FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view of a bag of the
invention.
[0024] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a bag of the invention.
[0025] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a bag of the invention.
[0026] FIG. 15 is a front view of a bag of the invention.
[0027] FIG. 16 is a process of the invention.
[0028] FIG. 17 is a process of the invention.
[0029] FIG. 18 is a process of the invention.
[0030] FIG. 19 is a front view of a bag of the invention.
[0031] FIG. 20 is a process of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0032] These films can be made by a conventional flat or tubular
cast extrusion or coextrusion, or other suitable process such as a
blown film process to produce monolayer, bilayer, trilayer or
multilayer films. If desired for a given end use, these films can
be oriented by tenterframe, or other suitable process. They can
thereafter optionally be annealed. The films of the present
invention are typically produced by the blown film or cast film
process. The blown or cast film is formed by extrusion. For the
blown film process, the film can be collapsed to double the plies
of the film or the film can be cut and folded or cut and unfolded.
The extruder is a conventional one using a die, which will provide
the desired gauge. Some useful extruders are described in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 4,814,135; 4,857,600; 5,076,988; 5,153,382; each of which are
incorporated herein by reference. The gauge of the films of
interest here can be in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 mils,
suitably from about 0.2 to about 4 mils, and suitably in the range
of about 0.3 to about 2 mils. Examples of various extruders, which
can be used in producing the film of the present invention, are the
single screw type modified with a blown film die and air ring and
continuous take off equipment.
[0033] Using a blown film extrusion or co-extrusion process, the
fragrance, malodor control agents, or combination can be either
dispersed in equivalent concentration throughout the bag or can be
concentrated in one area of the bag or in one or more layers of the
bag. A suitable method of concentrating the fragrance or malodor
control agents within a specific area of the bag can involve
localized delivery of the fragrance, malodor control agent, or the
combination to one area of one or more layers of the film through
individual extruders and the same die or by producing a thicker
film in one area of the die or one of the film layers. In the blown
film extrusion or co-extrusion process, the film is typically slit
to form a flat film which becomes the bag. If the film is slit
consistently in the area of film adjacent to higher concentrations
of fragrance, malodor control agent, or the combination, then there
would be higher concentrations of fragrance, malodor control agent,
or the combination near the top of the bag, and in the hem area, if
the hem area was formed from the top of the bag. The hem, the hem
passageway, and the draw tape may comprise a hem area. If the film
is slit consistently in the area of film opposite to higher
concentrations of fragrance, malodor control agent, or the
combination, then there would be higher concentrations of
fragrance, malodor control agent, or the combination near the
bottom of the bag. Using blown film co-extrusion, the fragrance,
malodor control agent, or the combination could also be localized
by layer. For example, the fragrance, malodor control agent, or the
combination could be in the outside layer, the inner layer, or one
or more of the core layers, as described below. Additionally, a hem
may be attached to the bag after extrusion of the bag film, which
would allow the fragrance, malodor control agent, or the
combination to be concentrated in the hem area.
[0034] The film materials may be any thermoplastic material,
typically LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene), and the film
compositions may differ slightly according to their use or where
there is a multilayer film, the film layers may differ from each
other. For example, the film layers may have different strength or
barrier properties, or properties designed for better sealing. The
fragrance, malodor control agent, or the combination may be
concentrated in a core layer or may be entirely within a core
layer. The core layer, or other layers, for example two or more
exterior layers may also contain reclaimed thermoplastic material
and a fragrance release inhibitor, such as titanium dioxide.
Additional fragrance release inhibitors include starch, clays and
nanoclays, talc, and microcapsules.
[0035] An example of a bilayer film 10 is shown in FIG. 1 where the
film 10 contains a first layer 11 and a second layer 12. The first
layer 11 may form the outside layer and the second layer 12 may
form the inner layer of a trash bag, as will be discuss below. An
example of a multilayer film 20 is shown in FIG. 2 where the film
20 contains a first exterior layer 21, a second exterior layer 22,
and a middle core layer 23. The first exterior layer 21 may form
the outside layer and the second exterior layer 22 may form the
inner layer of a trash bag as shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 3 shows an
example of a film 30 with four layers, exterior layers 31, 32 and
core layers 33, 34. The four layer film 30 can be formed with four
separate extruders or by the collapse of a two layer tube of a
blown film process to give a four layer film, which could be
laminated together, as discussed below. The outside layer of the
bag, or outside and inside layers of multilayer bags may contain a
barrier polymer that inhibits fragrance release, for example
polyvinylidine chloride (Dow) and copolymers, EVOH (ethylenevinyl
alcohol) and copolymers, chitosan based polymers including
quaternary hydroxypropyl chitosan, and nylon polymers.
[0036] Fragrance is typically introduced as thermoplastic pellets,
the fragrance master batch, suitably containing 5 to 50% fragrance,
or 10 to 40% fragrance, or 20-30% fragrance. This fragrance master
batch can also contain 1 to 40%, or 5 to 30%, or 10 to 20% of
malodor control agents. The fragrance master batch is mixed in the
extruder with other thermoplastic pellets, of different or similar
material, either virgin plastic or recycled or reclaimed plastic,
and optionally a fragrance release inhibitor, such as titanium
dioxide. In addition, other additives may be included. The final
concentration of the fragrance in the film may be 0.01 to 0.5%, or
0.02 to 0.4, or 0.05 to 0.3%, or 0.1 to 0.2%. The final
concentration of the malodor control agent in the film may be 0.01
to 0.5%, or 0.02 to 0.4, or 0.05 to 0.3%, or 0.1 to 0.2%. The final
concentration of the fragrance release inhibitor in the film may be
0.5 to 10%, or 1 to 8% or 2 to 6%. The final concentration of the
fragrance in a layer of a multilayer film may be 0.01 to 0.5%, or
0.02 to 0.4, or 0.05 to 0.3%, or 0.1 to 0.2%. The final
concentration of the malodor control agent in a layer of a
multilayer the film may be 0.01 to 0.5%, or 0.02 to 0.4, or 0.05 to
0.3%, or 0.1 to 0.2%. The final concentration of the fragrance
release inhibitor in a layer of a multilayer the film may be 0.5 to
10%, or 1 to 8% or 2 to 6%. The fragrance containing film layer may
be a core layer or an outside layer. Where the fragrance containing
film layer is a core layer, the core layer or layers may comprising
20 to 90%, or 40 to 80%, or 50 to 60% of the multilayer film.
[0037] A draw tape bag includes of two layers of plastic film which
are sealed on three sides and open on the remaining side to form an
opening in the bag. A hem securing the draw tape is provided at the
periphery of the open end whereby the tape is accessed through
openings in the hem. By pulling the draw tape, the opening in the
bag closes. Consequently, the draw tape serves as a handle whereby
the bag may be grasped to be subsequently transported. The hem in a
draw tape bag is formed by two layers of film which are fused
together to create a hem seal. The hem seal is typically created by
heating the film until it melts and then fusing the two layers
together. Heat sealing operations typically create a strong bond
which cannot be separated without destroying the film, otherwise
known as a destructive bond. Draw tape bags and methods for making
draw tape bags are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,867,735, 4,966,059,
and 5,006,380 which are incorporated herein by reference. In one
embodiment, the draw tape may include a single layer. In one
embodiment, the draw tape may include a first exterior layer, a
second exterior layer, and at least one core layer disposed between
the exterior layers as described in PCT App. WO2008156952 to
O'Donnell et al. The draw tape may contain a fragrance, a malodor
control agent, and a fragrance release inhibitor in either an
exterior layer or a core layer.
[0038] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 6, the bag 400 may include a left
side seam 414 and a right side seam 416. The front wall 418 and the
back wall 420 may be joined at both the left and right seams 414,
416. The bag 400 may include a hem 470 and the hem may define the
rim 408. The hem 470 may further define a passageway 472, which is
at least partially enclosed, as show in FIG. 5. Referring to FIG.
5, the hem 570 may be formed by folding an upper portion 592 of the
back wall 520 of the bag 400 onto the inside surface 404 of the bag
400, and sealing it thereto at the hem seal 458. Alternately, the
hem may be formed by sealing to the outside surface of the bag (not
shown). The draw tape 478 is disposed within the passageway 472
thus created. The hem 470, the hem passageway 472, and the draw
tape 478 may comprise a hem area. Referring to FIG. 4, the hem 470
may include a first opening 474 and a second opening 476. The bag
400 may comprise a draw tape 478, which is disposed within the
passageway 472. The draw tape 478 may be accessible via the first
and second openings 474, 476 in the hem 470. Referring to FIG. 6,
the draw tape 478 allows a user to at least partially close the bag
400 by pulling on the two loops 480, 482 of the draw tape 478. In
this configuration, any fragrance or malodor control agent
concentrated in the hem area or the draw tape is localized near the
source of malodors.
[0039] Referring to FIG. 7, the bag 500 may be arranged inside a
trash receptacle 510. As the upper portions of the bag 500 are
folded over the rim 514 of the trash receptacle 510, the hem 520
and hem seal 558 may become exposed on the outside 512 of the
receptacle 510. Accordingly, the hem 520 will be visible outside
the receptacle 510, possibly even when a lid is placed over the
receptacle. The width 522 of the hem may correspond to a
predetermined amount of the bag 500 to be folded over the rim of
the trash receptacle 510 when the bag 500 is being arranged in the
receptacle 510. A user of the bag 500 may be instructed to this
correlation in order to achieve optimal use of the bag 500. Optimal
use of the bag may be when a sufficient amount of bag 500 is folded
over the rim 514 of the receptacle 510 such that it will not slip
back inside the receptacle 510, but yet with sufficient bag
remaining inside the receptacle to utilize the full trash receiving
volume of the receptacle 510. With the hem 520 at the opening of
the trash receptacle 510, the hem 520 is situated between the
malodors generated inside the bag and the user environment. In this
configuration, any fragrance or malodor control agent concentrated
in the hem area or the draw tape is localized near the escape of
malodors even if the trash receptacle 510 is covered.
[0040] In another embodiment in FIG. 8 showing a partial cutaway of
the top of a bag 800, the hem 820 and hem seal 824 will include a
notch 822 such that the end 832 of the draw tape 830 does not enter
the side seal 802. The left side seam may be constructed in the
same manner.
[0041] Referring to FIG. 9A, there is shown another embodiment of
the present invention. The bag 900 may include a fragrance and
malodor strip 902, wherein the strip 902 is attached to the hem 920
below the hem seal 922 facing the bag sidewall 904. The draw tape
978 is in the hem 920. The other half of the bag 900 may be
constructed as a mirror image. Referring to FIG. 9B, there is shown
another embodiment of the present invention. The bag 900 may
include a fragrance and malodor strip 902, wherein the strip 902 is
attached at the hem seal 922. The fragrance and malodor strip 902
in the hem seal 922 may allow an easier seal to be formed, for
example with a lower melting film or with a film having a pressure
sensitive adhesive. Strip 902 in hem seal 922 may provide increased
seal strength or improved sealing process consistency with
utilization of specialized sealing layer resins, for example those
offered as for adhesives and lamination by Dow Chemical Company.
The draw tape 978 is in the hem 920. The other half of the bag 900
may be constructed as a mirror image. Referring to FIG. 9C, there
is shown another embodiment of the present invention. The bag 900
may include a fragrance and malodor strip 902, wherein the strip
902 is within the hem 920. The draw tape 978 is within the hem 920.
The other half of the bag 900 may be constructed as a mirror
image.
[0042] Referring to FIG. 10, there is shown another embodiment. The
bag 1000 may include a front wall 1052, a back wall 1054, a hem
1056 and a draw tape 1058. The bag body 1064 has been subjected to
an embossing process wherein the majority of the bag now includes
an embossing pattern 1068. The embossing pattern 1068 may be an
arrangement of diamond shaped regions 1070 where the bag lower body
1064 has been plastically deformed. In another embodiment the
pattern 1068 may be formed by a stretching operation described
below. The embossing pattern 1068 may better permit the bag to
stretch or yield to accommodate cumbersome or bulky objects without
puncturing, thereby further preventing leaks. The embossing pattern
1068 may extend to below the hem 1056 and the hem seal 1062. The
embossing pattern may be a product or process consistent with those
described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,185; U.S. Publication No.
2004/0134923; U.S. Pat. No. 6,394,651; U.S. Pat. No. 6,394,652;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,647; U.S. Pat. No. 6,513,975; or U.S. Pat. No.
6,695,476; which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in
their entirety.
[0043] Referring to FIG. 11A, there is shown another embodiment.
FIG. 11A shows a cross sectional view of the back wall 1140 of the
bag 1142 wherein the front wall may be a mirror image. The bag 1142
may include a hem 1144 wherein the hem 1144 is a separate piece of
material. Opposing ends 1146, 1148 of the hem 1144 may be attached
to the outside 1150 and inside 1152 of the bag 1142 at a hem seal
1154. The hem 1144 defines a passageway 1156. A draw tape 1158 may
be disposed in the passageway 1156. The hem 1144 may be of thicker
material than the bag body 1162. The hem may have different
properties than other portions of the bag such as containing a
fragrance, malodor control agent, and a fragrance release
inhibitor. FIG. 11B shows a cross sectional view of the back wall
1140 of the bag 1142 wherein the front wall may be a mirror image.
The bag 1142 may include a hem 1144 wherein the hem 1144 is a
separate piece of material. Opposing ends 1146, 1148 of the hem
1144 may be attached to the outside 1150 at a hem seal 1154 and
inside 1152 of the bag 1142 at a hem seal 1155. The hem 1144
defines a passageway 1156. A draw tape 1158 may be disposed in the
passageway 1156. The hem 1144 may be of thicker material than the
bag body 1162. The hem may have different properties than other
portions of the bag such as containing a fragrance, malodor control
agent, and a fragrance release inhibitor.
[0044] Referring to FIG. 12, there is shown another embodiment.
FIG. 12 shows a cross sectional view of the back wall 1270 of the
bag 1272 wherein the front wall may be a mirror image. The bag 1272
may include a hem 1274 wherein the hem 1274 is attached to the
inside surface 1276 of the bag 1272 along a hem seal 1278. The hem
1274 defines a passageway 1280. A draw tape 1282 may be disposed in
the passageway 1280. The draw tape 1282 may contain two exterior
layers 1284, 1286 and a core layer 1288, containing a fragrance,
malodor control agent, and a fragrance release inhibitor.
[0045] Referring to FIG. 13, there is shown another embodiment. The
bag 1330 comprises a bag body 1332, the bag body 1332 including a
hem 1334. The hem 1334 includes an upper rim 1336, which defines a
mouth 1338. The bag body 1332 further includes a lower body portion
1340 disposed below the hem 1334. The lower body portion 1340
defines a closed bottom 1342 to the bag 1330. The first portion
1334 may be thicker than in the second portion 1340. The bag 1330
may have a draw tape 1348 disposed within a hem passageway 1346,
the draw tape 1348 being accessible at first and second openings
1350, 1352 in the hem 1334.
[0046] The hem 1334 may have increased thickness to improve the
strength of the bag at the hem 1334, an area where the bag 1330 may
experience increased stresses due to the user holding the bag 1330
at the rim 1336 or by the draw tape 1348. In other suitable
embodiments, the hem 1334 may be patterned 1360.
[0047] Referring to FIG. 14, there is shown another embodiment. The
bag 1450 for receiving refuse comprises a bag body 1452, the bag
body 1452 including a first portion 1454. The first portion 1454
includes an upper rim 1456, which defines a mouth 1458. The bag
body 1452 further includes a second portion 1460 disposed below the
first portion 1454. The second portion 1460 defines a closed bottom
1462 to the bag 1450. The bag body 1452 may be thicker in the first
portion 1454 than in the second portion 1460. The rim 1456 of the
first portion 1454 may be an undulating rim. The rim 1456 may
include four flaps 1464, 1466, 1468, 1470. The four flaps 1464,
1466, 1488, 1470 may be separated by four valleys 1472, 1474, 1476,
1478. The flaps 1464, 1466, 1468, 1470 may be tied together to at
least partially close the bag 1450. In other embodiments, the bag
may have two, three, five, six, seven, or eight flaps. In suitable
embodiments, the flaps or the first portion may have different
properties than other portions of the bag such as containing a
fragrance, malodor control agent, and a fragrance release
inhibitor.
[0048] In a suitable embodiment in FIG. 15, when the bag 1500 is
laid flat in the relaxed condition, it may have a first width 1501
as measured along the bottom edge 1514 from the first side edge
1510 to the second side edge 1512. Because the width 1501
represents the front side of the bag, the perimeter at that
location is twice the width 1501 to account for the front side and
the rear side of the bag. The width 1501 may have a first range
from about 8 inches (20.32 cm) to about 40 inches (101.6 cm), a
second range from about 23 inches (58.42 cm) to about 31 inches
(78.74 cm), and a third range from about 23 inches (58.42 cm) to
about 25 inches (63.5 cm). In one embodiment, the width 1501 may be
about 24 inches (60.96 cm). The bag 1500 may have a second width
1502 as measured along the top edges 1520, 1522 delineating the
opening 1524. The second width includes both the bag opening and
any side seals. Because the width 1502 represents the front side of
the bag, the perimeter at that location is twice the width 1502 to
account for the front side and the rear side of the bag. The width
1502 may have a first range from about 6.5 inches (16.51 cm) to
about 38.5 inches (97.79 cm), a second range from about 20 inches
(50.8 cm) to about 29 inches (73.66 cm), and a third range from
about 20 inches (50.8 cm) to about 22 inches (55.88 cm). In one
embodiment, the width 1502 may be about 21.5 inches (54.61 cm).
Thus, the second width is less than the first width and the bag is
narrower at its top than its bottom. Because of the difference in
the first and second widths, the side edges 1510, 1512 are each
pulled towards each other along the top edges 1520, 1522 a distance
1504. In one embodiment, an elastic draw tape 1530 is attached to
the bag at the first and second side edges 1510, 1512, the edges
are physically pulled towards each other by contraction of the
tape. The distance 1504 is the difference between the first width
1501 and the second width 1502. Because the distance 1504
represents the front side of the bag, the perimeter at that
location is reduced by twice the distance 1504 to account for the
front side and the rear side of the bag. The distance 1504 may have
a first range from about 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) to about 8 inches
(20.32 cm), a second range from about 1.5 inches (3.81 cm) to about
6 inches (15.24 cm), and a third range from about 1.5 inches (3.81
cm) to about 3.5 inches (8.89 cm). In one embodiment, the distance
1504 may be about 2.50 inches (6.35 cm) and thus, the perimeter is
reduced by 5 inches (12.7 cm). The hem 1544 can also be width 1502.
The decreased width 1502 compared to the bottom width 1501 may
allow greater interaction between malodors in the bag and fragrance
or malodor control agents in the hem 1544. When the hem area or the
draw tape contains an elastic element, the hem area in its relaxed
state may have less width than the bottom of the bag, but in its
stretched state may be of equal or greater width than the bottom of
the bag.
[0049] Bags may be produced in a high speed, automated
manufacturing process such as the one illustrated in FIGS. 16 and
17. The illustrated manufacturing process 1700 includes automated
equipment that may convert continuous sheet-like webs and thin film
strips of planar thermoplastic material into the finished bags. For
example, a web 1701 of thermoplastic material may initially be
provided on a roll 1702 that may be unwound and movingly directed
along a machine direction 1706 by the processing equipment. When
unwound, the web 1701 may have a first side edge 1710 and a second
side edge 1712 that define a width 1714 that is perpendicular to
the machine direction 1706.
[0050] To provide the interior volume of the finished bag, the web
1701 may be folded in half orthogonally about the machine direction
1706 by a folding operation 1718 so that the web is arranged as
first and second opposing, adjacent webs halves 1720, 1722 being
advanced in parallel along the machine direction 1706. When folded
in half, the first and second side edges 1710, 1712 are moved
adjacent to each other. The width 1716 of the folded web 1701 may
be half of the width 1714 of the unfolded web. Moreover, once
folded, the center of the web 1701 provides a crease 1724 that may
correspond to the bottom edge of the finished bag. In another
embodiment, the roll 1702 may include a pre-folded web and the
folding operation is not necessary. In another embodiment, a first
web from a first roll and a second web from a second roll may be
provided and advanced in parallel along the machine direction. The
first and second webs may be joined along one edge to form the
bottom portion of the bags.
[0051] In the embodiments, where a pattern may be imparted
proximate to the top of the bag, the process may include one or
more rollers 1726 to impart the pattern to the bag.
[0052] The hems may be formed along the adjacent edges 1710, 1712
by a hem forming operation 1730 in which hem flaps may be tucked or
folded into the web 1701. A hem may be formed for each of the
adjacent edges 1710, 1712. The hemming operation may add notches
1732. The notches 1732 may be of any suitable shape or size and may
be made through the advancing web 1701 intermittently along the
adjacent edge 1710, 1712.
[0053] To provide the draw tape, a continuous strip 1740 of
thermoplastic thin-film material may be unwound from a roll 1742 of
such material. The strip 1740 is directed by various rollers and/or
nips toward the advancing web where it may be inserted into the
hems.
[0054] The manufacturing process 1700 may include equipment to
pre-stretch the strip 1740 prior to installation in the bag. For
example, the processing equipment may include a pair of opposing
cylindrical rollers 1743 that are located before and spaced from a
pair of rollers 1744. The strip material 1740 may be directed
between the pair of rollers 1743 and then onto the pair of opposing
cylindrical rollers 1744. If the pair of rollers 1744 are rotated
at a faster relative speed than the pair of rollers 1743, the
differential roller speeds will place the thermoplastic strip under
tension and may thereby stretch or elongate it. This process of
stretching may be referred to as pre-stretching. In a further
embodiment, the relative speed of the pairs of rollers 1743, 1744
may be adjusted to vary the amount and location of the
pre-stretching induced onto the strip 1740. For example, where the
relative speed of the rollers is equal, the tape will undergo
little or no stretching. If the differential speed is increased,
the tape will be stretched and possibly neck down in width. Thus,
varying the relative speed of the roller pairs with respect to each
other may produce draw tapes with sections that may be
pre-stretched and sections that may not be pre-stretched, the
pre-stretched sections may be narrower than the sections that are
not pre-stretched.
[0055] Referring to FIG. 16, to impart the pattern into the strip,
the processing equipment may include a pair of opposing rollers
1745 that may have intermeshing ridges 1746 and grooves 1747 formed
on their surfaces. When the strip 1740 is directed between the
rollers 1745 rotating in opposite directions, the ridges 1746 and
grooves 1747 may impart the pattern 1748 onto the thermoplastic
material. Moreover, the surfaces of the opposing rollers 1745 may
be configured so that the pattern 1748 is only imparted onto
intermittent lengths of the strip 1740.
[0056] To keep the strip 1740 including the pattern 1748 in a
predetermined stretched or expanded condition, a second pair of
opposing rollers 1749 may be provided downward from the patterning
rollers 1745 and may be rotated at a speed necessary to maintain
the predetermined stretched condition.
[0057] The stretched strip 1740 may then be directed toward the
adjacent edges 1710, 1712 of the advancing web 1701 where the strip
1740 may be inserted in the hemming operation 1730. Once inserted,
the strip 1740 is accessible through the notches 1732. A second
roll of strip material may be similarly provided for insertion into
the remaining hem of the two adjacent edges. It should be
appreciated that in other embodiments of the manufacturing process,
the order and/or presence of the hemming, notching and strip
insertion operations may be altered or changed.
[0058] In another embodiment, the strip 1740 may not be stretched
by rollers 1743, 1744, but may be processed by the rollers 1745 to
receive the pattern. The strip 1740 may then be inserted under
tension in the hem. The tension may or may not be sufficient to
stretch or expand the pattern.
[0059] In another embodiment, rollers similar to rollers 1726 may
be used, after the hem forming operation, in order to impart a
pattern to the hem and draw tape, and/or the bag side wall while
the draw tape is in the hem, such as, the rollers 2226 in FIG. 18.
These rollers may be used at any location after the hemming
operation and before the web is separated into bags or rolled for
consumer use. Thus, in this other embodiment, the rollers 1726 and
rollers 1745 may not be necessary.
[0060] The web 1701 and strip 1740 may be directed through various
other processing steps to produce the finished bag. For example,
the web 1701 may be directed through a heat sealing operation 1750
in which heat seals 1752 are formed at intermittent spaces along
the web between the adjacent edges 1710, 1712 and the folded crease
1724 so as to be perpendicular to the machine direction 1706. The
heat sealing operation 1750 may melt together and thereby attach
the two folded web halves and the strip 1740 within the region of
the heat seal 1752. The heat seals 1752 may be performed while the
strip 1740 is in the stretched state. The web 1701 may be directed
through a perforating operation 1754 in which perforations 1758 are
made between or into the heat seals 1752 between the adjacent edges
1710, 1712 and the crease 1724. The perforation may be disposed
through both the folded web and strip 1740. As may be appreciated,
the heat seals 1752 and perforations 1758 may correspond to the
side edges of the finished bags 1760. To prevent the strip 1740
from unintentionally recovering and distorting the web 1701
advancing through the processing machinery, the web may be kept
under tension along the machine direction 1706. In another
embodiment, the web may be folded one or more times before the
folded web may be directed through the perforating operation. The
web 1701 embodying the finished bags 1760 may be wound into a roll
1762 for packaging and distribution.
[0061] In another embodiment of the process which is illustrated in
FIG. 17, the web may be directed through a cutting operation 1768
which cuts the web at location 1770 into individual bags 1760 prior
to winding onto a roll 1772. Cutting the bags 1760 from the web
along location 1770 allows the draw tape to relax or contract and
thereby constricts the top edges of the bag corresponding to the
opening, as shown in FIG. 17, prior to winding into a roll 1772.
The bags may be interleaved prior to winding into the roll 1772. In
another embodiment, the web may be folded one or more times before
the folded web is cut into individual bags.
[0062] Referring another embodiment in FIG. 18, the web 2201 may be
folded in half orthogonally about the machine direction 2206 by a
folding operation 2218 so that the web may be arranged as first and
second opposing, adjacent webs halves 2220, 2222 being advanced in
parallel along the machine direction 2206. The web 2201 may provide
a crease 2224 that may correspond to the bottom edge of the
finished bag. In another embodiment, the roll 2202 may include a
pre-folded web and the folding operation is not necessary. In
another embodiment, a first web from a first roll and a second web
from a second roll may be provided and advanced in parallel along
the machine direction. The first and second webs may be joined
along one edge to form the bottom portion of the bags.
[0063] The hems may be formed along the adjacent edges 2210, 2212
by a hem forming operation 2230 in which hem flaps may be tucked
and folded into the web 2201. A hem may be formed for each of the
adjacent edges 2210, 2212. The hem forming operation may add
notches 2232.
[0064] To provide the draw tape, a continuous strip 2240 of
thermoplastic thin-film material may be unwound from a roll 2242 of
such material. The strip 2240 is directed by various rollers and/or
nips toward the advancing web where it may be inserted into the
hems.
[0065] Referring to FIG. 18, to impart the pattern 2248 into the
strip, the processing equipment may include a pair of opposing
rollers 2245 that may have intermeshing ridges 2246 and grooves
2247 formed on their surfaces. The surfaces of the opposing rollers
2245 may be configured so that the pattern 2248 is only imparted
onto intermittent lengths of the strip 2240. A second pair of
opposing rollers 2249 may be provided downward from the patterning
rollers 2245 and may be rotated at a speed necessary to maintain
the strip 2240 in a relaxed condition.
[0066] The strip 2240 may be in a relaxed state when the strip is
inserted into the hem. A second roll of strip material may be
similarly provided for insertion into the remaining hem of the two
adjacent edges. It should be appreciated that in other embodiments
of the manufacturing process, the order and/or presence of the
hemming, notching and strip insertion operations may be altered or
changed.
[0067] In another embodiment, the strip 2240 may not be stretched
by rollers 2243, 2244, but may be processed by the rollers 2245 to
receive the pattern 2248. The strip 2240 may be in a relaxed state
when the strip is inserted into the hem.
[0068] Rollers 2226 may be used, after the hemming operation, in
order to impart a pattern to the hem and draw tape, and/or the bag
side wall while the draw tape is in the hem. These rollers may be
used at any location after the hemming operation and before the web
is separated into bags or rolled for consumer use. In another
embodiment, the rollers 2245 with the pattern may not be necessary
because the rollers 2226 may impart the pattern to the hem and
strip at the same time.
[0069] The web 2201 and strip 2240 may be directed through various
other processing steps to produce the finished bag. For example,
the web 2201 may be directed through a heat sealing operation 2250
in which heat seals 2252 are formed at intermittent spaces along
the web. The process may include the application of the inward
seals during the sealing operation 2250, or at another location in
the process, as appropriate.
[0070] The heat seals 2252 may be performed while the strip 2240 is
in the relaxed state. The web 2201 may be directed through a
perforating operation 2254 in which perforations 2258 are made
between or into the heat seals 2252. The perforation may be
disposed through both the folded web and strip 2240. As may be
appreciated, the heat seals 2252 and perforations 2258 may
correspond to the side edges of the finished bags 2260. In another
embodiment, the web may be folded one or more times before the
folded web may be directed through the perforating operation. The
web 2201 embodying the finished bags 2260 may be wound into a roll
2262 for packaging and distribution.
[0071] The films of the invention can typically undergo one or more
film stretching processes. During these stretching processes, the
film thickness may be significantly decreased. Therefore referring
again to FIG. 10, it may be advantageous to thin the bag 1000 out
in the bag lower body 1064 but not the bag hem area 1056 in order
to maintain a more highly fragranced hem area 1056. There are three
common ways to stretch thermoplastic films. One is referred to as
machine direction orientation (MDO) which involves stretching the
film between two pairs of rollers. The film is pinched in the nip
of a first pair of rollers, which are running at a relatively slow
speed, and a second pair of rollers, downstream from the first
pair, which are operating faster than the first pair. Because of
the difference in run speeds, the film in between the roller pairs
must either stretch or break to accommodate the difference. The
ratio of the roller speeds will roughly determine the amount that
the film is stretched. For example, if the first pair is running at
100 feet per minute (fpm) and the second pair is running at 300
fpm, the film will be stretched to roughly three times it original
length. The MDO method stretches the film in the machine direction
(MD) only. The MDO stretching method is used to create an oriented
film.
[0072] A second method of stretching is called tentering. In
simplest terms, the tentering method involves grabbing the sides of
the film and stretching it sideways. For many years this was the
only way to stretch film from side to side, or in the transverse
direction (TD). The tentering method tended to be slow and, because
the forces are concentrated on the edges of the film, often the
film did not stretch evenly. U.S. Pat. No. 4,704,238 discloses a
tentering apparatus having a pre-heating zone and a stretching
zone, followed by a heat setting zone to facilitate the stretching
of a preformed blown or cast film.
[0073] A third method of stretching involves incremental stretching
of thermoplastic film. This method is described in the early patent
literature, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,153,751; 4,116,892;
4,289,832 and 4,438,167. In the practice of this method, the film
is run between grooved or toothed rollers. The grooves or teeth on
the rollers intermesh without touching when the rollers are brought
together and, as the film passes between the rollers, it is
stretched. Incremental stretching has the advantage of causing the
film to stretch in many small increments that are evenly spaced
over the entire film. This results in a more evenly stretched film,
something that is not always true for MDO stretching and is almost
never true for tentering. Incremental stretching allows one to
stretch the film in the MD, TD and at angle (DD or diagonal
direction) or any combination of these three directions. The depth
at which the intermeshing teeth engage controls the degree of
stretching. Often, this incremental method of stretching is simply
referred to as TD, MD, TD/MD or DD ring rolling. A number of U.S.
patents have issued for incrementally stretching thermoplastic
films and laminates. An early example of the patent art which
discloses a method of incrementally stretching film is U.S. Pat.
No. 5,296,184. Other relevant patents regarding the incremental
stretching of thermoplastic films and laminates include U.S. Pats.
Nos. 6,265,045; 6,214,147; 6,013,151; 5,865,926; 5,861,074;
5,851,937; 5,422,172 and 5,382,461.
[0074] The diagonal intermeshing stretcher consists of a pair of
left hand and right hand helical gear-like elements on parallel
shafts. The shafts are disposed between two machine side plates,
the lower shaft being located in fixed bearings and the upper shaft
being located in bearings in vertically slidable members. The
slidable members are adjustable in the vertical direction by wedge
shaped elements operable by adjusting screws. Screwing the wedges
out or in will move the vertically slidable member respectively
down or up to further engage or disengage the gear-like teeth of
the upper intermeshing roll with the lower intermeshing roll.
Micrometers mounted to the side frames are operable to indicate the
depth of engagement of the teeth of the intermeshing roll.
[0075] The intermeshing rolls closely resemble fine pitch helical
gears. In the preferred embodiment, the rolls have 5.935''
diameter, 45.degree. helix angle, a 0.100'' normal pitch, 30
diametral pitch, 141/2.degree. pressure angle, and are basically a
long addendum topped gear. This produces a narrow, deep tooth
profile which allows up to about 0.090'' of intermeshing engagement
and about 0.005'' clearance on the sides of the tooth for material
thickness. The teeth are not designed to transmit rotational torque
and do not contact metal-to-metal in normal intermeshing stretching
operation.
[0076] The TD intermeshing stretching equipment is identical to the
diagonal intermeshing stretcher with differences in the design of
the intermeshing rolls and other minor areas noted below. Since the
TD intermeshing elements are capable of large engagement depths, it
is important that the equipment incorporate a means of causing the
shafts of the two intermeshing rolls to remain parallel when the
top shaft is raising or lowering. This is necessary to assure that
the teeth of one intermeshing roll always fall between the teeth of
the other intermeshing roll and potentially damaging physical
contact between intermeshing teeth is avoided. This parallel motion
is assured by a rack and gear arrangement wherein a stationary gear
rack is attached to each side frame in juxtaposition to the
vertically slidable members. A shaft traverses the side frames and
operates in a bearing in each of the vertically slidable members. A
gear resides on each end of this shaft and operates in engagement
with the racks to produce the desired parallel motion.
[0077] The drive for the TD intermeshing stretcher must operate
both upper and lower intermeshing rolls except in the case of
intermeshing stretching of materials with a relatively high
coefficient of friction. The drive need not be antibacklash,
however, because a small amount of machine direction misalignment
or drive slippage will cause no problem. The reason for this will
become evident with a description of the TD intermeshing
elements.
[0078] The TD intermeshing elements are machined from solid
material but can best be described as an alternating stack of two
different diameter disks. In the preferred embodiment, the
intermeshing disks would be 6'' in diameter, 0.031'' thick, and
have a full radius on their edge. The spacer disks separating the
intermeshing disks would be 51/2'' in diameter and 0.069'' in
thickness. Two rolls of this configuration would be able to be
intermeshed up to 0.231'' leaving 0.019'' clearance for material on
all sides. As with the diagonal intermeshing stretcher, this CD
intermeshing element configuration would have a 0.100'' pitch.
[0079] The MD intermeshing stretching equipment is identical to the
diagonal intermeshing stretch except for the design of the
intermeshing rolls. The MD intermeshing rolls closely resemble fine
pitch spur gears. In the preferred embodiment, the rolls have a
5.933'' diameter, 0.100'' pitch, 30 diametral pitch, 141/2.degree.
pressure angle, and are basically a long addendum, topped gear. A
second pass was taken on these rolls with the gear hob offset
0.010'' to provide a narrowed tooth with more clearance. With about
0.090'' of engagement, this configuration will have about 0.010''
clearance on the sides for material thickness.
[0080] The film may additionally be embossed with a pattern that
provides texture to the film, but with no additional overall
stretching. The film may be embossed by feeding between two rolls,
one or both of which have an embossing pattern. The rolls may be
heated or unheated. In one embodiment in FIG. 19, it may be
suitable to emboss or to pattern the hem area 1920 only of a bag
1900 as the embossing or patterning may signal to the consumer that
the hem area 4020 is targeted with the consumer benefit, for
example fragrance and malodor control.
[0081] Laminating two or more film layers together may allow
coating of actives on the surface of a film that can then be
laminated to another film to result in the actives being
concentrated on the interior of the laminate, as shown in the
process in FIG. 20, one example of a high speed manufacturing
process 2000 that may process multiple plies of continuous
thermoplastic film into the finished bags. A first film 2001 may be
initially provided in a roll or film forming process as described
above. The film 2001 is directed along a machine direction 2006 by
the processing equipment. The film 2001 may have an initial width
2008 between a first edge 2010 and a second edge 2012 of the film
2001. The web may be processed in a stretching operation 2014, for
example using a pair of MD stretching rollers 2016, 2018, or any of
the stretching operations as described herein. A second film 2002
may be initially provided in a roll or film forming process as
described above. The film 2002 is directed along a machine
direction 2006 by the processing equipment. The film 2002 may have
an initial width 2008 between a first edge 2010 and a second edge
2012 of the film 2002. The web may be processed in a stretching
operation 2015, for example using a pair of TD stretching rollers
2017, 2019, or any of the stretching operations as described
herein. The first film 2001 and the second film 2002 may be
overlaid for laminate processing.
[0082] To impart or form the lamination of the films 2001, 2002,
the processing equipment may include a cylindrical roller 2030 and
an adjacent second cylindrical roller 2032 between which the films
2001, 2002 may be directed by the processing equipment. The rollers
2030, 2032 may be arranged so that their longitudinal axes may be
perpendicular to the machine direction 2006 and may be adapted to
rotate about their longitudinal axes in opposite rotational
directions. In various embodiments, motors may be provided that
power rotation of the rollers 2030, 2032 in a controlled manner.
The first and second rollers 2030, 2032 may be made from any
suitable material including, for example, metal, such as, steel or
titanium. The rollers 2030, 2032 may have discontinuous ridges on
the rollers which may impart the discontinuous patterns into the
film layers during the process of discontinuous lamination. After
the film layers 2001, 1202 have passed between the rollers 2030,
2032, the laminate film 2050 includes discontinuous patterns 2076
of bonded areas with unbonded areas 2078 in between.
[0083] To provide the two opposing sidewalls of the finished bag,
the film laminate 2050 may be folded by a folding operation 2020.
During the folding operation 2020, the first edge 2010 of the
laminate 2050 is moved adjacent to the second edge 2012 so as to
form a fold edge 2026 that may run parallel with the machine
direction 2006. The folded laminate 2052 may have a width 2028 that
is half of the original width 2008. The processing equipment may
further process the folded laminate 2052 after it passes through
the folding operation 2020. For example, referring to FIG. 20, to
form the side edges of the finished bag, the folded laminate 2052
may proceed through a sealing operation 2080 by which heat seals
2082, perpendicular to the machine direction 2006 and spaced
intermittently along the laminate, are formed between the fold edge
2026 and the adjacent edges 2010, 2012. The heat seals 2082 may
fuse together the adjacent halves of the folded laminate 2052.
After sealing the web halves together, a perforating operation 2084
may form perforations along the heat seals 2082 to simplify
detaching individual bags from the remainder of the laminate. The
perforations may pierce through the laminate but allow the
individual bags to remain attached to each other. In another
embodiment, the film laminate may be folded one or more times prior
to the perforation operation. The film laminate of processed bags
may be wound up into a roll 2092 for packaging and distribution.
For example, the roll 2092 may be placed into a box or bag for sale
to a customer. In another embodiment, folded laminate 2052 may be
cut into individual bags along the heat seals 2082 by cutting
operation. In another embodiment, the folded laminate may be folded
one or more times prior to the cutting operation. In another
embodiment, the side sealing operation may be combined with the
cutting operation.
[0084] The film may be coated or printed with an ink, adhesive, or
other functional compound, such as a fragrance to film layer 2002
by process 2022 before lamination in rollers 2030, 2032. Depending
upon the composition, various coating and printing process may be
appropriate for process 2022. For instance, in addition to ink jet
printing and other non-impact printers, the composition can be used
in screen printing processes, offset lithographic processes,
flexographic printing processes, rotogravure printing processes,
and the like. In other cases, a coating process may be appropriate.
In the gravure coating process, an engraved roller runs in coating
bath which fills the engraved recesses in engraved roller with
excess additive delivery slurry. The excess slurry on engraved
roller is wiped off engraved roller by doctor blade, with engraved
roller thereafter depositing additive delivery slurry layer onto
substrate film as substrate film passes between engraved roller and
pressure roller. In the 3-roll reverse roll coating process,
additive delivery slurry is measured onto application roller by gap
between upper metering roller and application roller. The coating
is "wiped off" application roller by substrate film as substrate
passes around support roller, leaving a desired layer of slurry on
substrate. Additive delivery slurry is confined on metering roller
by doctor blade. In the Meyer rod coating process, an excess
coating of the additive delivery slurry is deposited onto substrate
film as substrate film passes over bath roller, which is immersed
in bath containing the additive delivery slurry. Wire-wound Meyer
rod allows a desired quantity of the coating to remain on substrate
film. The quantity of coating remaining is determined by the
diameter of the wire used on Meyer rod, as well as the distance of
the surface of the wire from the substrate film. Although the wire
can be in contact with substrate film, alternatively the wire can
be spaced from substrate film by, for example, 1 to 10 mils, or 2
to 6 mils. In the extrusion coating process, additive delivery
slurry is extruded through slot, forming coating on substrate. In
the curtain coating process, a bath containing additive delivery
slurry has slot in its base, allowing continuous curtain of
additive delivery slurry to fall towards gap between conveyors.
Substrate is passed along the conveyors at a controlled speed,
receiving coating thereon. In the air knife coating process, excess
coating is applied to substrate, with the excess coating being
reduced to a desired coating by the gas flow emanating from blower.
In the rotary screen printing process, a squeegee presses additive
delivery slurry through holes in rotary screen. Substrate is passed
through a nip between rotary screen and counter pressure roller,
resulting in printed substrate.
[0085] Many of the above earlier embodiments may be combined with
each other to create further embodiments of the bag. Accordingly,
all of the features discussed in the earlier described embodiments
may be included in any of the other embodiments disclosed herein,
as appropriate.
[0086] The bag and bag components may be made of thermoplastic. The
materials are suitably hydrophobic polymers not derivatized by
actives, such as fragrance components and malodor control agents.
Useful materials in the inventive films include but are not limited
to thermoplastic polyolefins, including polyethylene and copolymers
thereof and polypropylene and copolymers thereof. Suitable
polyethylenes include high density polyethylene, medium density
polyethylene, low density polyethylene, very low density
polyethylene, and linear low density polyethylene.
[0087] The olefin based polymers include the most common ethylene
or propylene based polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene,
and copolymers such as ethylene vinylacetate (EVA), ethylene methyl
acrylate (EMA) and ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), or blends of such
polyolefins. Other examples of polymers suitable for use as films
include elastomeric polymers. Suitable elastomeric polymers may
also be biodegradable or environmentally degradable. Suitable
elastomeric polymers for the film include poly(ethylene-butene),
poly(ethylene-hexene), poly(ethylene-octene),
poly(ethylene-propylene), poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene),
poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene),
poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene), poly(ester-ether),
poly(ether-amide), poly(ethylene-vinylacetate),
poly(ethylene-methylacrylate), poly(ethylene-acrylic acid),
poly(ethylene butylacrylate), polyurethane,
poly(ethylene-propylene-diene), ethylene-propylene rubber. This new
class of rubber-like polymers may also be employed and they are
generally referred to herein as metallocene polymers or polyolefins
produced from single-cite catalysts. The most preferred catalysts
are known in the art as metallocene catalysts whereby ethylene,
propylene, styrene and other olefins may be polymerized with
butene, hexene, octene, etc., to provide elastomers suitable for
use in accordance with the principles of this invention, such as
poly(ethylene-butene), poly(ethylene-hexene),
poly(ethylene-octene), poly(ethylene-propylene), and/or polyolefin
terpolymers thereof. It can be suitable to blend into the resin a
suitable amount of a cling agent, such as polyisobutylene, to
control the level of lamination during the lamination process.
[0088] Fragrance technology is intended to include fragrancing
compounds and compositions as well as malodor control agents and
compositions (regardless of whether these malodor control agents
themselves are fragrances). Fragrance technology compositions can
be chosen so as to have relatively low solubility in water and be
hydrophobic. They should be chosen so as to maximize those with low
levels of solubility and minimize low levels of those which are
relatively soluble or immiscible in water. Suitably, the fragrance
technology compositions also have a low rate of evaporation.
[0089] For covering malodors, grapefruit fragrance character was
found to be more suitable than lemon citrus fragrance character.
Especially suitable is grapefruit fragrance which may contain
Limonene, Geraniol, Citral, Citronellal, or Neral. The grapefruit
fragrance can also contain 1,1-Dimethoxy-2,2,5-trimethylhex-4-ene,
N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-methylbutanamide, 1-p-methene-8-thiol,
thiobenzoic acids, 2,4,6-trimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane,
2,6-dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclo-hex-2-enone,
2,4,6-trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enone,
2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-3-enone,
2,6-Dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexanone,
1,2,6-trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enol,
6-methoxy-1,5,6-trimethyl-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexene,
1,2,4,6-Tetramethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enol,
2,6-Dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-1-vinyl-cyclohex-2-enol,
2,6-Dimethyl-1-ethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enol,
2,6-dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclo-hex-2-enol,
1,2,6-Trimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexa-2,4-dienol, and
2-(2,3-Dimethyl-but-2-enyl)-2,6-dimethyl-cyclohexanone
[0090] For covering malodors, a synthetic vanilla fragrance
character was found to be more suitable than natural vanilla
fragrance character. The vanilla fragrance can contain acetanisole,
anisyl acetate, anisyl alcohol, anisyl propionate, benzoin,
cinnamaldehyde, ethyl vanillin, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol,
1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, propenyl guaethol, veratraldehyde,
vanillylacetone, vanillin isobutyrate, veratrole, and
acetovanillone compounds.
[0091] Fragrances and fragrance oils comprise perfume raw materials
("PRMs") as well as other less volatile materials. PRMs are
characterized by their boiling point (B.P.) and their octanol/water
partitioning coefficient (P). The boiling points of many fragrance
ingredients are reported in, e.g., "Perfume and Flavor Chemicals
(Aroma Chemicals)," Steffen Arctander, published by the author,
1969. The octanol/water partitioning coefficient of a material is
the ratio between its equilibrium concentrations in octanol and in
water. The octanol/water partitioning coefficient can alternatively
be reported on a base 10 logarithmic scale, as logP, and when the
calculated value is reported, as ClogP. The logP of many perfume
ingredients has been reported; for example, the Pomona92 database,
available from Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc.
(Daylight CIS), Irvine, Calif., contains many, along with citations
to the original literature. However, the logP values are most
conveniently calculated by the "CLOGP" program, also available from
Daylight CIS. This program also lists experimental logP values when
they are available in the Pomona92 database. The "calculated logP"
(ClogP) is determined by the fragment approach of Hansch and Leo
(cf., A. Leo, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 4, C.
Hansch, P. G. Sammens, J. B. Taylor and C. A. Ramsden, Eds., p.
295, Pergamon Press, 1990). The fragment approach is based on the
chemical structure of each perfume ingredient, and takes into
account the numbers and types of atoms, the atom connectivity, and
chemical bonding. The ClogP values, which are the most reliable and
widely used estimates for this physicochemical property, are
preferably used instead of the experimental logP values in the
selection of perfume ingredients which are useful in the present
invention.
[0092] Suitably, at least 30%, or at least 40%, or at least 50% of
the perfume ingredients for use in this invention typically have
ClogP of greater than 3.5. Suitably, at least 30%, or at least 40%,
or at least 50% of the perfume ingredients for use in this
invention have a boiling point greater than 250.degree. C. Below in
Table 1 are listed typical suitable fragrance ingredients.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Approx. BP Approx. Fragrance Ingredients
(.degree. C.) ClogP allo-Ocimene 192 4.362 Benzyl Butyrate 240
3.698 Camphene 159 4.192 cis-3-Hexenyl Tiglate 101 3.700
Citronellyl Acetate 229 3.670 Citronellyl Isobutyrate 249 4.937
Citronellyl Propionate 242 4.628 Decyl Aldehyde 209 4.008 Delta
Damascone 242 3.600 Dihydromyrcenyl Acetate 225 3.879 Dimethyl
Octanol 213 3.737 gamma Methyl Ionone 230 4.089 Geranyl Acetate 245
3.715 Geranyl Isobutyrate 245 4.393 Hexyl Neopentanoate 224 4.374
Hexyl Tiglate 231 3.800 beta-Ionone 239 3.960 gamma-Ionone 240
3.780 alpha-Irone 250 3.820 Isononyl Acetate 200 3.984 Lauric
Aldehyde (Dodecanal) 249 5.066 d-Limonene 177 4.232 alpha-iso
"gamma" Methyl Ionone 230 4.209 Methyl Nonyl Acetaldehyde 232 4.846
Methyl Octyl Acetaldehyde 228 4.317 Myrcene 167 4.272 Neryl Acetate
231 3.555 Nonyl Acetate 212 4.374 Octyl Aldehyde 223 3.845 Orange
Terpenes (d-Limonene) 177 4.232 para-Cymene 179 4.068 alpha-Pinene
157 4.122 beta-Pinene 166 4.182 alpha-Terpinene 176 4.412
gamma-Terpinene 183 4.232 Terpinolene 184 4.232 Tetrahydro Linalool
191 3.517 Tetrahydro Myrcenol 208 3.517 Undecenal 223 4.053 Verdox
221 4.059 Vertenex 232 4.060 Allyl Cyclohexane Propionate 267 3.935
Ambrettolide 300 6.261 Amyl Benzoate 262 3.417 Amyl Cinnamate 310
3.771 Amyl Cinnamic Aldehyde 285 4.324 Amyl Cinnamic Aldehyde
Dimethyl Acetal 300 4.033 iso-Amyl Salicylate 277 4.601 Aurantiol
450 4.216 Benzyl Salicylate 300 4.383 Cadinene 275 7.346 Cedrol 291
4.530 Cedryl Acetate 303 5.436 Cinnamyl Cinnamate 370 5.480
Cyclohexyl Salicylate 304 5.265 Cyclamen Aldehyde 270 3.680
Diphenyl Methane 262 4.059 Ethylene Brassylate 332 4.554 Ethyl
Undecylenate 264 4.888 Exaltolide 280 5.346 Galaxolide 260 5.482
Geranyl Anthranilate 312 4.216 Hexadecanolide 294 6.805 Hexenyl
Salicylate 271 4.716 Hexyl Cinnamic Aldehyde 305 5.473 Hexyl
Salicylate 290 5.260 Linalyl Benzoate 263 5.233 Musk Indanone 250
5.458 Musk Tibetine M.P. = 136 3.831 Oxahexadecanolide-10 300 4.336
Oxahexadecanolide-11 M.P. = 35 4.336 Patchouli Alcohol 285 4.530
Phenyl Ethyl Benzoate 300 4.058 Phenylethylphenylacetate 325 3.767
alpha-Santalol 301 3.800 Thibetolide 280 6.246 delta-Undecalactone
290 3.830 gamma-Undecalactone 297 4.140 Vetiveryl Acetate 285
4.882
[0093] Suitable fragrance ingredients include extracts from natural
raw materials such as essential oils, concretes, absolutes, resins,
resinoids, balsams, tinctures such as for example ambergris
tincture; amyris oil; angelica seed oil; angelica root oil; aniseed
oil; valerian oil; basil oil; tree moss absolute; bay oil; armoise
oil; benzoe resinoid; bergamot oil; beeswax absolute; birch tar
oil; bitter almond oil; savory oil; buchu leaf oil; cabreuva oil;
cade oil; calamus oil; camphor oil; cananga oil; cardamom oil;
cascarilla oil; cassia oil; cassie absolute; castoreum absolute;
cedar leaf oil; cedar wood oil; cistus oil; citronella oil; lemon
oil; copaiba balsam; copaiba balsam oil; coriander oil; costus root
oil; cumin oil; cypress oil; davana oil; dill weed oil; dill seed
oil; eau de brouts absolute; oakmoss absolute; elemi oil; estragon
oil; eucalyptus citriodora oil; eucalyptus oil (cineole type);
fennel oil; fir needle oil; galbanum oil; galbanum resin; geranium
oil; grapefruit oil; guaiacwood oil; gurjun balsam; gurjun balsam
oil; helichrysum absolute; helichrysum oil; ginger oil; iris root
absolute; iris root oil; jasmine absolute; calamus oil; blue
camomile oil; Roman camomile oil; carrot seed oil; cascarilla oil;
pine needle oil; spearmint oil; caraway oil; labdanum oil; labdanum
absolute; labdanum resin; lavandin absolute; lavandin oil; lavender
absolute; lavender oil; lemon-grass oil; lovage oil; lime oil
distilled; lime oil expressed; linaloe oil; Litsea cubeba oil;
laurel leaf oil; mace oil; marjoram oil; mandarin oil; massoi
(bark) oil; mimosa absolute; ambrette seed oil; musk tincture;
clary sage oil; nutmeg oil; myrrh absolute; myrrh oil; myrtle oil;
clove leaf oil; clove bud oil; neroli oil; olibanum absolute;
olibanum oil; opopanax oil; orange flower absolute; orange oil;
origanum oil; palmarosa oil; patchouli oil; perilla oil; Peru
balsam oil; parsley leaf oil; parsley seed oil; petitgrain oil;
peppermint oil; pepper oil; pimento oil; pine oil; pennyroyal oil;
rose absolute; rosewood oil; rose oil; rosemary oil; Dalmatian sage
oil; Spanish sage oil; sandalwood oil; celery seed oil:
spike-lavender oil; star anise oil; storax oil; tagetes oil; fir
needle oil; tea tree oil; turpentine oil; thyme oil; Tolu balsam;
tonka bean absolute; tuberose absolute; vanilla extract; violet
leaf absolute; verbena oil; vetiver oil; juniperberry oil; wine
lees oil; wormwood oil; wintergreen oil; ylang-ylang oil; hyssop
oil; civet absolute; cinnamon leaf oil; cinnamon bark oil; and
fractions thereof or ingredients isolated therefrom; individual
fragrance ingredients from the group comprising hydrocarbons, such
as for example 3-carene; .alpha.-pinene; .beta.-pinene;
.alpha.-terpinene; .gamma.-terpinene; p-cymene; bisabolene;
camphene; caryophyllene; cedrene; farnesene; limonene; longifolene;
myrcene; ocimene; valencene; (E,Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene; styrene;
diphenylmethane; aliphatic alcohols, such as for example hexanol;
octanol; 3-octanol; 2,6-dimethyl-heptanol; 2-methyl-2-heptanol,
2-methyl-2-octanol; (E)-2-hexenol; (E)- and (Z)-3-hexenol;
1-octen-3-ol; a mixture of 3,4,5,6,6-pentamethyl-3/4-hepten-2-ol
and 3,5,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methyleneheptan-2-ol;
(E,Z)-2,6-nonadienol; 3,7-dimethyl-7-methoxyoctan-2-ol; 9-decenol;
10-undecenol; 4-methyl-3-decen-5-ol; aliphatic aldehydes and their
acetals such as for example hexanal; heptanal; octanal; nonanal;
decanal; undecanal; dodecanal; tridecanal; 2-methyloctanal;
2-methylnonanal; (E)-2-hexenal; (Z)-4-heptenal;
2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal; 10-undecenal; (E)-4-decenal; 2-dodecenal;
2,6,10-trimethyl-5,9-undecadienal; heptanal-diethylacetal;
1,1-dimethoxy-2,2,5-trimethyl-4-hexene; citronellyl
oxyacetaldehyde; aliphatic ketones and oximes thereof, such as for
example 2-heptanone; 2-octanone; 3-octanone; 2-nonanone;
5-methyl-3-heptanone; 5-methyl-3-heptanone oxime;
2,4,4,7-tetramethyl-6-octen-3-one; aliphatic sulfur-containing
compounds, such as for example 3-methylthiohexanol;
3-methylthiohexyl acetate; 3-mercaptohexanol; 3-mercaptohexyl
acetate; 3-mercaptohexyl butyrate; 3-acetyltbiohexyl acetate;
1-menthene-8-thiol; aliphatic nitriles, such as for example
2-nonenenitrile; 2-tridecenenitrile; 2,12-tridecenenitrile;
3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienenitrile; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenenitrile;
aliphatic carboxylic acids and esters thereof, such as for example
(E)- and (Z)-3-hexenylformate; ethyl acetoacetate; isoamyl acetate;
hexyl acetate; 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl acetate; 3-methyl-2-butenyl
acetate; (E)-2-hexenyl acetate; (E)- and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate;
octyl acetate; 3-octyl acetate; 1-octen-3-yl acetate; ethyl
butyrate; butyl butyrate; isoamyl butyrate; hexylbutyrate; (E)- and
(Z)-3-hexenyl isobutyrate; hexyl crotonate; ethylisovalerate;
ethyl-2-methyl pentanoate; ethyl hexanoate; allyl hexanoate; ethyl
heptanoate; allyl heptanoate; ethyl octanoate;
ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate; methyl-2-octinate; methyl-2-noninate;
allyl-2-isoamyl oxyacetate; methyl-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoate;
acyclic terpene alcohols, such as, for example, citronellol;
geraniol; nerol; linalool; lavandulol; nerolidol; farnesol;
tetrahydrolinalool; tetrahydrogeraniol; 2,6-dimethyl-7-octen-2-ol;
2,6-dimethyloctan-2-ol; 2-methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-2-ol;
2,6-dimethyl-5,7-octadien-2-ol; 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-octadien-2-ol;
3,7-dimethyl-4,6-octadien-3-ol; 3,7-dimethyl-1,5,7-octatrien-3-ol
2,6-dimethyl-2,5,7-octatrien-1-ol; as well as formates, acetates,
propionates, isobutyrates, butyrates, isovalerates, pentanoates,
hexanoates, crotonates, tiglinates and 3-methyl-2-butenoates
thereof; acyclic terpene aldehydes and ketones, such as, for
example, geranial; neral; citronellal;
7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal; 7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal;
2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenal; .alpha.-sinensal; .beta.-sinensal;
geranylacetone; as well as the dimethyl- and diethylacetals of
geranial, neral and 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal; cyclic terpene
alcohols, such as, for example, menthol; isopulegol;
alpha-terpineol; terpinen-4-ol; menthan-8-ol; menthan-1-ol;
menthan-7-ol; borneol; isoborneol; linalool oxide; nopol; cedrol;
ambrinol; vetiverol; guaiol; and the formates, acetates,
propionates, isobutyrates, butyrates, isovalerates, pentanoates,
hexanoates, crotonates, tiglinates and 3-methyl-2-butenoates of
alpha-terpineol; terpinen-4-ol; methan-8-ol; methan-1-ol;
methan-7-ol; borneol; isoborneol; linalool oxide; nopol; cedrol;
ambrinol; vetiverol; guaiol; cyclic terpene aldehydes and ketones,
such as, for example, menthone; isomenthone;
8-mercaptomenthan-3-one; carvone; camphor; fenchone; alpha-ionone;
beta-ionone; alpha-n-methylionone; beta-n-methylionone;
alpha-isomethylionone; beta-isomethylionone; alpha-irone;
alpha-damascone; beta-damascone; beta-danascenone; delta-damascone;
gamma-damascone;
1-(2,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one;
1,3,4,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-2H-2,4a-methanonaphthalen-8(5H-
)-one; nootkatone; dihydronootkatone; acetylated cedarwood oil
(cedryl methyl ketone); cyclic alcohols, such as, for example,
4-tert.-butylcyclohexanol; 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol;
3-isocamphylcyclohexanol;
2,6,9-trimethyl-Z2,Z5,E9-cyclododecatrien-1-ol;
2-isobutyl-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol; cycloaliphatic
alcohols, such as, for example,
alpha,3,3-trimethylcyclo-hexyl-methanol;
2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopent-1-yl)butanol;
2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopent-1-yl)-2-buten-1-ol;
2-ethyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopent-1-yl)-2-buten-1-ol;
3-methyl-5-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopent-1-yl)-pentan-2-ol;
3-methyl-5-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopent-1-yl)-4-penten-2-ol;
3,3-dimethyl-5-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopent-1-yl)-4-penten-2-ol;
1-(2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)pentan-3-ol;
1-(2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)hexan-3-ol; cyclic and cycloaliphatic
ethers, such as, for example, cineole; cedryl methyl ether;
cyclododecyl methyl ether; (ethoxymethoxy)cyclododecane;
alpha-cedrene epoxide;
3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyldodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan;
3a-ethyl-6,6,9a-trimethyl-dodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan;
1,5,9-trimethyl-13-oxabicyclo[10.1.0]-trideca-4,8-diene; rose
oxide;
2-(2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-methyl-5-(1-methyl-propyl)-1,3-dioxa-
n; cyclic ketones, such as, for example,
4-tert.-butylcyclohexanone; 2,2,5-trimethyl-5-pentylcyclopentanone;
2-heptylcyclopentanone; 2-pentylcyclopentanone;
2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one;
3-methyl-cis-2-penten-1-yl-2-cyclopenten-1-one;
3-methyl-2-pentyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one;
3-methyl-4-cyclopentadecenone; 3-methyl-5-cyclopentadecenone;
3-methylcyclopentadecanone;
4-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclo-hexanone;
4-tert.-pentylcyclohexanone; 5-cyclohexadecen-1-one;
6,7-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4(5H)-indanone;
5-cyclohexadecen-1-one; 8-cyclohexadecen-1-one;
9-cycloheptadecen-1-one; cyclopentadeca-none; cycloaliphatic
aldehydes, such as, for example, 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene
carbaldehyde;
2-methyl-4-(2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-butenal;
4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene carbaldehyde;
4-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-3-cyclohexene carbaldehyde;
cycloaliphatic ketones, such as, for example,
1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)-4-penten-1-one;
1-(5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-4-penten-1-one;
2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2-naphtalenyl methyl
ketone; methyl-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,5,9-cyclododecatrienyl ketone;
tert.-butyl-(2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)ketone; esters of
cyclic alcohols, such as, for example, 2-tert.-butylcyclohexyl
acetate; 4-tert.-butylcyclohexyl acetate; 2-tert.-pentylcyclohexyl
acetate; 4-tert.-pentylcyclohexyl acetate; decahydro-2-naphthyl
acetate; 3-pentyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl acetate; decahydro-2,5,
5,8a-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl acetate;
4,7-methano-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexa-hydro-5 or 6-indenyl acetate;
4,7-methano-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-5 or 6-indenyl propionate;
4,7-methano-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-5 or 6-indenyl isobutyrate;
4,7-methanooctahydro-5 or 6-indenyl acetate; esters of
cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids, such as, for example, allyl
3-cyclohexyl-propionate; allyl cyclohexyl oxyacetate; methyl
dihydrojasmo-nate; methyl jasmonate; methyl
2-hexyl-3-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate; ethyl
2-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl-2-cyclohexenecarboxylate; ethyl
2,3,6,6-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexenecarboxylate; ethyl
2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-acetate; araliphatic alcohols, such as,
for example, benzyl alcohol; 1-phenylethyl alcohol; 2-phenylethyl
alcohol; 3-phenylpropanol; 2-phenylpropanol; 2-phenoxyethanol;
2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropanol;
2,2-dimethyl-3-(3-methylphenyl)propanol; 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl
alcohol; 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylpropanol;
1-ethyl-1-methyl-3-phenylpropanol; 2-methyl-5-phenylpentanol;
3-methyl-5-phenylpentanol; 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol; 4-methoxybenzyl
alcohol; 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)ethanol; esters of araliphatic
alcohols and aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as, for example,
benzyl acetate; benzyl propionate; benzyl isobutyrate; benzyl
isovalerate; 2-phenylethyl acetate; 2-phenylethyl propionate;
2-phenylethyl isobutyrate; 2-phenylethyl isovalerate; 1-phenylethyl
acetate; alpha-trichloromethylbenzyl acetate;
alpha,alpha-dimethylphenylethyl acetate;
alpha,alpha-dimethylphenylethyl butyrate; cinnamyl acetate;
2-phenoxyethyl isobutyrate; 4-methoxybenzyl acetate; araliphatic
ethers, such as for example 2-phenylethyl methyl ether;
2-phenylethyl isoamyl ether; 2-phenylethyl-1-ethoxyethyl ether;
phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal; phenylacetaldehyde diethyl
acetal; hydratropaaldehyde dimethyl acetal; phenylacetaldehyde
glycerol acetal; 2,4,6-trimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane;
4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d]-m-dioxin;
4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylindeno[1,2-d]-m-dioxin; aromatic
and araliphatic aldehydes, such as, for example, benzaldehyde;
phenylacetaldehyde; 3-phenylpropanal; hydratropaldehyde;
4-methylbenzaldehyde; 4-methyl-phenylacetaldehyde;
3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanal;
2-methyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)propanal;
2-methyl-3-(4-tert.-butylphenyl)propanal;
3-(4-tert.-butyl-phenyl)propanal; cinnamaldehyde;
alpha-butylcinnamaldehyde; alpha-amylcinnamaldehyde;
alpha-hexylcinnamaldehyde; 3-methyl-5-phenylpentanal;
4-methoxybenzaldehyde; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde;
4-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzaldehyde; 3,4-methylene-dioxybenzaldehyde;
3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde; 2-methyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanal;
2-methyl-3-(4-methylendioxyphenyl)propanal; aromatic and
araliphatic ketones, such as, for example, acetophenone;
4-methylacetophenone; 4-methoxyacetophenone;
4-tert.-butyl-2,6-dimethylacetophenone; 4-phenyl-2-butanone;
4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone; 1-(2-naphthalenyl)ethanone;
benzophenone; 1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl-5-indanyl methyl ketone;
6-tert.-butyl-1,1-dimethyl-4-indanyl methyl ketone;
1-[2,3-dihydro-1,1,2,6-tetramethyl-3-(1-methyl-ethyl)-1H-5-indenyl]ethano-
ne;
5',6',7',8'-tetrahydro-3',5',5',6',8',8'-hexamethyl-2-acetonaphthone;
aromatic and araliphatic carboxylic acids and esters thereof, such
as, for example, benzoic acid; phenylacetic acid; methyl benzoate;
ethyl benzoate; hexyl benzoate; benzyl benzoate; methyl
phenylacetate; ethyl phenylacetate; geranyl phenylacetate;
phenylethyl phenylacetate; methyl cinnamate; ethyl cinnamate;
benzyl cinnamate; phenylethyl cinnamate; cinnamyl cinnamate; allyl
phenoxyacetate; methyl salicylate; isoamyl salicylate; hexyl
salicylate; cyclohexyl salicylate; cis-3-hexenyl salicylate; benzyl
salicylate; phenylethyl salicylate; methyl
2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate; ethyl 3-phenylglycidate; ethyl
3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate; nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds,
such as, for example,
2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylbenzene;
3,5-dinitro-2,6-dimethyl-4-tert.-butylacetophenone; cinnamonitrile;
5-phenyl-3-methyl-2-pentenonitrile;
5-phenyl-3-methylpentanonitrile; methyl anthranilate;
methyl-N-methylanthranilate; Schiff's bases of methyl anthranilate
with 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal,
2-methyl-3-(4-tert.-butylphenyl)-propanal or
2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene carbaldehyde; 6-isopropylquinoline;
6-isobutylquinoline; 6-sec.-butylquinoline; indole; skatole;
2-methoxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazine; 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine;
phenols, phenyl ethers and phenyl esters, such as, for example,
estragole; anethole; eugenol; eugenyl methyl ether; isoeugenol;
isoeugenol methyl ether; thymol; carvacrol; diphenyl ether;
beta-naphthyl methyl ether; beta-naphthyl ethyl ether;
beta-naphthyl isobutyl ether; 1,4-dimethoxybenzene; eugenyl
acetate; 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol; 2-ethoxy-5-(1-propenyl)phenol;
p-cresyl phenylacetate; heterocyclic compounds, such as, for
example, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2H-furan-3-one;
2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2H-furan-3-one;
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one;
2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one; lactones, such as, for example,
1,4-octanolide; 3-methyl-1,4-octanolide; 1,4-nonanolide;
1,4-decanolide; 8-decen-1,4-olide; 1,4-undecanolide;
1,4-dodecanolide; 1,5-decanolide; 1,5-dodecanolide;
1,15-pentadecanolide; cis- and trans-11-pentadecen-1,15-olide; cis-
and trans-12-pentadecen-1,15-olide; 1,16-hexadecanolide;
9-hexadecen-1,16-olide; 10-oxa-1,16-hexadecanolide;
11-oxa-1,16-hexadecanolide; 12-oxa-1,16-hexadecanolide;
ethylene-1,12-dodecanedioate; ethylene-1,13-tridecanedioate;
coumarin; 2,3-dihydrocoumarin; octahydrocoumarin.
[0094] Especially suitable lemon fragrances are limonenal
(3-(4-methyl-3% cyclohexenyl)butanal), limonene
(4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene), lemon oil, and lemonal
(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal).
[0095] Malodors are usually caused by particularly odorous
substances which are, however, frequently only present in trace
amounts. Such substances include, for example, nitrogen-containing
compounds such as ammonia and amines, heterocyclic compounds such
as pyridines, pyrazines, indoles, etc. and sulfur-containing
compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, sulfides, acidic
compounds such as acetic acid, butyric acid and fatty acids, and
aldehyde compounds such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. The
masking of malodors is a problem, which is difficult to handle and
solve with perfume compositions. The specific unique quality of a
malodor greatly restricts the use of perfumes having the various
types of commonly known fragrances. Usually, it is only possible to
mask malodors by means of a specially developed perfume oil having
a very specific type of fragrance. Active ingredients are,
therefore, particularly advantageous when they are capable of
reducing the intensity of malodors without themselves possessing
any significantly intense odor or fragrance. Such active
ingredients do not mask malodors but neutralize them. This has the
advantage that when using such active ingredients for perfuming
objects or products with malodors, perfume oils of any desired type
of fragrance can be used. The consumer can, therefore, be offered a
considerably broader range of fragrance types for combating
malodors. In addition, active ingredients, which neutralize
malodors, provide the possibility of reducing the quantity of
perfume oil previously required for masking odors. It is also
possible to use less intensely odorous perfumes for combating
malodors than those so far employed, which sometimes have an
overpowering effect due to their high intensity.
[0096] Suitable malodor control compounds are the general
classification of musk compounds. These include Galaxolide.TM.
(1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-2-benzopyran),
Traseolide.TM. (6-acetyl-1-isopropyl-2,3,3,5-tetramethylindane),
Ambrettolide (cyclohexadecen-7-olide), Celestolide
(4-Acetyl-6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylindane), Dihydroambrettolide
(cyclohexadecanolide), Ethylene brassylate
(cyclo-1,13-ethylenedioxy-tridecan-1,13-dione), Exaltolide
(cyclopentadecanolide), Exaltone (cyclopentadecanone), Moskene
(1,1,3,3,5-Pentamethyl-4,6-dinitroindane), Musk ambrette
(2,4-dinitro-3-methyl-6-tert-butylanisole), Musk Ketone
(4-tert-butyl-3,5-dinitro-2,6-dimethylacetophenone), Musk MC4
(ethylene 1,12-dodecanedioate), Musk R1 (11-Oxahexadecanolide),
Musk tibetine (2-tert-butyl-1,3-dinitro-4,5,6-trinitrobenzene),
Musk xylol (1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene),
Phentolide (5-Acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethylindane), Tonalid
(1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyl-6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene),
versalide
(1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-6-acetyl-7-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtha-
lene).
[0097] Additional suitable malodor control agents are found in
WO2009/131748 to Conover, describing a multiple component compound
containing a molecular encapsulator, Ordenone, and an aromatic
complex, such as citronellal and hydroxycitronellal. Additional
useful compounds are aldehydes and their complexes, such as
aldehydes and complexes of decanal; undecanal; dodecanal;
undecene-10-al; 2-methyl-undecanal; 2,3,5,5-tetramethylhexanal;
1-formyl-2,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene;
1-formyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-cyclohexene;
1-formyl-2,3,5-trimethyl-4-cyclohexene;
1-formyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene;
([5.2.1.0]-tricyclo-8-decylidene)-4-butanal;
2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenal;
(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-cyclohexene-3-yl carboxaldehyde;
7-formyl-5-isopropyl-2-methyl-[2.2.2]-bicyclo-2-octene;
2-formyl-8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalene;
citronellal; campholenic aldehyde;
.alpha.-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyhydrocinnamic aldehyde; cyclamen
aldehyde; lilial; canthoxal; phenylacetic aldehyde;
3-phenylpropionic aldehyde; hydratropic aldehyde;
.alpha.-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyhydrocinnamic aldehyde;
3-phenylpropionic aldehyde; hydratropic aldehyde;
alkoxyacetaldehydes; .omega.-hydroxyaldehydes; myrtenal; perilla
aldehyde; substituted 2-furyl carboxaldehydes; cinnamic aldehyde;
amylcinnamic aldehyde; hexylcinnamic aldehyde; benzaldehyde; anisic
aldehyde; heliotropine; veratric aldehyde; vanillin; isovanillin;
and ethylvanillin. Suitable nitriles are described in U.S. Pat. No.
6,180,814 to Giersch and WO2008/026140 to Tranzeat such as
3-phenyl-2-propenenitrile, citronitrile, geranyl nitrile,
cytronellyl nitrile, 2-propyl-1-heptanenitrile, dodecanenitrile,
3-(2,3-dimethyl-2(3)-cyclopenten-1-yl)butanenitrile and
3-(2-methyl-3-methylene-1-cyclopentyl)butanenitrile. Additional
suitable malodor control agents are found in U.S. Pat. No.
6,432,891 to O'Connor and include cyclohexyl and phenoxy
substituted esters, such as 1-cyclohexyl-ethyl-butyrate,
1-cyclohexyl-ethyl-acetate, 1-cyclohexyl-ethanol,
4-isopropyl-cyclohexyl-propionate, phenoxyacetic acid
2-hydroxy-ethyl ester.
[0098] The film may include a fragrance release inhibitor in the
same layer as the fragrance and malodor control agents. A typical
fragrance release inhibitor is titanium dioxide. Additional
fragrance release inhibitors include starch, clays and nanoclays,
talc, and microcapsules.
[0099] All references, including publications, patent applications,
and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to
the same extent as if each reference were individually and
specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set
forth in its entirety herein.
[0100] The use of the terms "a" and "an" and "the" and similar
referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in
the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover
both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein
or clearly contradicted by context. The terms "comprising,"
"having," "including," and "containing" are to be construed as
open-ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to,")
unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are
merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring
individually to each separate value falling within the range,
unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is
incorporated into the specification as if it were individually
recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in
any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise
clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples,
or exemplary language (e.g., "such as") provided herein, is
intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not
pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise
claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as
indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of
the invention.
[0101] Preferred embodiments of this invention are described
herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying
out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may
become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading
the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to
employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for
the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically
described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all
modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the
claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover,
any combination of the above-described elements in all possible
variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise
indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
* * * * *