U.S. patent application number 12/111407 was filed with the patent office on 2011-06-16 for ricin-like toxin variants for treatment of cancer, viral or parasitic infections.
This patent application is currently assigned to TWINSTRAND THERAPEUTICS INC.. Invention is credited to THOR BORGFORD.
Application Number | 20110144004 12/111407 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26722431 |
Filed Date | 2011-06-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110144004 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BORGFORD; THOR |
June 16, 2011 |
RICIN-LIKE TOXIN VARIANTS FOR TREATMENT OF CANCER, VIRAL OR
PARASITIC INFECTIONS
Abstract
The present invention provides a protein having an A chain of a
ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a
heterologous linker amino acid sequence, linking the A and B
chains. The linker sequence contains a cleavage recognition site
for a disease specific protease such as a cancer, fungal, viral or
parasitic protease. The invention also relates to a nucleic acid
molecule encoding the protein and to expression vectors
incorporating the nucleic acid molecule. Also provided is a method
of inhibiting or destroying mammalian cancer cells, cells infected
with a virus, a fungus, or parasite, or parasites utilizing the
nucleic acid molecules and proteins of the invention and
pharmaceutical compositions for treating human cancer, viral
infection, fungal infection, or parasitic infection.
Inventors: |
BORGFORD; THOR; (New
Westminster, CA) |
Assignee: |
TWINSTRAND THERAPEUTICS
INC.
North Vancouver
CA
|
Family ID: |
26722431 |
Appl. No.: |
12/111407 |
Filed: |
April 29, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10394511 |
Mar 24, 2003 |
7375186 |
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12111407 |
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09403752 |
Oct 29, 1999 |
6593132 |
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PCT/CA98/00394 |
Apr 30, 1998 |
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10394511 |
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60045148 |
Apr 30, 1997 |
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60063715 |
Oct 29, 1997 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/3.3 ;
514/19.3; 514/21.2; 514/44R |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12N 2799/021 20130101;
Y02A 50/465 20180101; Y02A 50/411 20180101; A61P 31/10 20180101;
Y02A 50/30 20180101; A61P 33/00 20180101; C07K 14/415 20130101;
Y02A 50/471 20180101; C07K 2319/00 20130101; A61P 31/12 20180101;
A61K 48/00 20130101; A61P 35/00 20180101; A61P 31/04 20180101; Y02A
50/463 20180101; A61K 38/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/3.3 ;
514/21.2; 514/19.3; 514/44.R |
International
Class: |
A61K 38/16 20060101
A61K038/16; A61K 31/7088 20060101 A61K031/7088; A61P 31/10 20060101
A61P031/10; A61P 35/00 20060101 A61P035/00 |
Claims
1-128. (canceled)
129: A method of treating a disease comprising administering a
recombinant protein comprising an A chain of a ricin-like toxin, a
B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a heterologous linker amino acid
sequence linking the A and B chains, the heterologous linker
sequence containing a cleavage recognition site for a protease
localized in cells or tissues affected by a specific disease to an
animal in need thereof.
130: The method according to claim 129 for treating a mammal with
cancer or infected with a fungus, virus or parasite comprising
administering a recombinant protein comprising an A chain of a
ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a
heterologous linker amino acid sequence, linking the A and B
chains, wherein the linker sequence contains a cleavage recognition
site for a disease-specific protease selected from the group
consisting of: a cancer associated protease, a viral protease, a
fungal protease, and a parasitic protease.
131: The method of claim 130 wherein in the recombinant protein the
A chain is ricin A chain, abrin toxin B chain, diphtheria toxin A
chain, or Domain II/III of Pseudomonas exotoxin.
132. The method of claim 130 wherein in the recombinant protein the
A chain is volkensin toxin A chain, cholera toxin A chain, modeccin
toxin A chain or shiga toxin A chain.
133: The method of claim 130 wherein in the recombinant protein the
B chain is ricin B chain, abrin toxin B chain, diphtheria toxin B
chain, or Domain I of Pseudomonas exotoxin.
134: The method of claim 130 wherein in the recombinant protein the
B chain is volkensin toxin B chain, cholera toxin B chain, modeccin
toxin B chain or shiga toxin B chain.
135: The method of claim 130 wherein the cancer-associated protease
is selected from the group consisting of: cathepsin B, an
Epstein-Barr virus specific protease, a matrix metalloproteinase,
cathespin L, cathespin D, urokinase-type plasminogen activator,
tissue-type plasminogen activator, human prostate-specific antigen,
kallikrein, neutrophil elastase, and calpain.
136: The method of claim 135 wherein in the recombinant protein the
linker comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO:
40; SEQ ID NO: 41; SEQ ID NO: 42; SEQ ID NO: 43; SEQ ID NO: 44; SEQ
ID NO: 45; SEQ ID NO: 46; SEQ ID NO: 87; SEQ ID NO: 90; SEQ ID NO:
93; SEQ ID NO: 96; SEQ ID NO: 99; SEQ ID NO: 102; SEQ ID NO: 105;
SEQ ID NO: 108; SEQ ID NO: 111; SEQ ID NO: 114; SEQ ID NO: 117; SEQ
ID NO: 120; SEQ ID NO: 123; or SEQ ID NO: 126.
137: The method of claim 130 wherein the parasitic protease is a
Plasmodium falciparum protease.
138: The method of claim 137 wherein in the recombinant protein the
linker comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO:
55; SEQ ID NO: 56; or SEQ ID NO: 57; SEQ ID NO: 58; or SEQ ID NO:
59.
139: The method of claim 130 wherein the viral protease is selected
from the group consisting of: human cytomegalovirus, human herpes
virus, varicella zoster virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis C virus
and infectious laryngotracheitis virus.
140: The method of claim 139 wherein in the recombinant protein the
linker comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO:
60; SEQ ID NO: 61; SEQ ID NO: 62; SEQ ID NO: 63; SEQ ID NO: 64; SEQ
ID NO: 65; SEQ ID NO: 66; SEQ ID NO: 67; SEQ ID NO: 68; SEQ ID NO:
69; SEQ ID NO: 75; SEQ ID NO: 78; SEQ ID NO: 81; or SEQ ID NO:
84.
141: The method of claim 130 wherein the fungal protease is a
Candida acid protease.
142: The method of claim 141 wherein in the recombinant protein the
linker comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO:
70; SEQ ID NO: 71; or SEQ ID NO: 72.
143: The method of claim 135, wherein in the recombinant protein
the A chain is ricin A chain, the B chain is ricin B chain, and the
heterologous linker contains a cleavage recognition site for a
matrix metalloproteinase.
144: The method of claim 143, wherein the heterologous linker
contains a cleavage recognition site for matrix
metalloproteinase-9.
145: A method of treating a disease comprising administering a
nucleic acid molecule having a nucleotide sequence encoding an A
chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a
heterologous linker amino acid sequence linking the A and B chains,
the heterologous linker sequence containing a cleavage recognition
site for a protease localized in cells or tissues affected by a
specific disease to an animal in need thereof.
146: A pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer or a fungal,
or viral, or parasitic infection in an animal comprising a nucleic
acid molecule having a nucleotide sequence encoding an A chain of a
ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a
heterologous linker amino acid sequence linking the A and B chains,
the heterologous linker sequence containing a cleavage recognition
site for a protease localized in cells or tissues affected by a
specific disease to an animal in need thereof and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
147: A process for preparing a pharmaceutical for treating a mammal
with cancer, fungal infection, viral infection or parasitic
infection, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a purified and
isolated nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence encoding an A
chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin, and a
heterologous linker amino acid sequence, linking the A and B
chains, wherein the linker sequence contains a cleavage recognition
site for a cancer, viral or parasitic protease; (b) introducing the
nucleic acid into a host cell and expressing the nucleic acid in
the host cell to obtain a recombinant protein comprising an A chain
of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a linker
amino acid sequence; (c) suspending the protein in a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
148: A method of inhibiting or destroying cells affected by a
disease, which cells are associated with a protease specific to the
disease comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a purified and
isolated nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence encoding an A
chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin, and a
heterologous linker amino acid sequence, linking the A and B
chains, wherein the linker sequence contains a cleavage recognition
site for the protease; (b) introducing the nucleic acid into a host
cell and expressing the nucleic acid in the host cell to obtain a
recombinant protein comprising an A chain of a ricin-like toxin, a
B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a linker amino acid sequence; (c)
suspending the protein in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,
diluent or excipient, and (d) contacting the cells with the
recombinant protein.
149: The method of claim 148 where the disease is one of cancer or
cells infected with a fungus, virus or parasite.
Description
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 10/394,511 that was filed Mar. 24, 2003 (now U.S. Pat. No.
7,375,186), which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 09/403,752 that was filed on Oct. 29, 1999 (now U.S. Pat. No.
6,593,132) which is a national phase entry application of
PCT/CA98/00394 filed Apr. 30, 1998, which claims benefit from U.S.
provisional application Ser. No. 60/045,148 filed on Apr. 30, 1997
(now abandoned) and U.S. provisional application Ser. No.
60/063,715 filed on Oct. 29, 1997 (now abandoned), all of which are
incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to proteins useful as therapeutics
against cancer, viral infections, parasitic and fungal infections.
The proteins contain A and B chains of a ricin-like toxin linked by
a linker sequence that is specifically cleaved and activated by
proteases specific to disease-associated pathogens or cells.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Bacteria and plants are known to produce cytotoxic proteins
which may consist of one, two or several polypeptides or subunits.
Those proteins having a single subunit may be loosely classified as
Type I proteins. Many of the cytotoxins which have evolved two
subunit structures are referred to as type II proteins (Saelinger,
C. B. in Trafficking of Bacterial Toxins (eds. Saelinger, C. B.)
1-13 (CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Fla., 1990). One subunit, the A
chain, possesses the toxic activity whereas the second subunit, the
B chain, binds cell surfaces and mediates entry of the toxin into a
target cell. A subset of these toxins kill target cells by
inhibiting protein biosynthesis. For example, bacterial toxins such
as diphtheria toxin or Pseudomonas exotoxin inhibit protein
synthesis by inactivating elongation factor 2. Plant toxins such as
ricin, abrin, and bacterial toxin Shiga toxin, inhibit protein
synthesis by directly inactivating the ribosomes (Olsnes, S. &
Phil, A. in Molecular action of toxins and viruses (eds. Cohen, P.
& vanHeyningen, S.) 51-105 Elsevier Biomedical Press,
Amsterdam, 1982).
[0004] Ricin, derived from the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor
oil plant), may be the most potent of the plant toxins. It is
estimated that a single ricin A chain is able to inactivate
ribosomes at a rate of 1500 ribosomes/ minute. Consequently, a
single molecule of ricin is enough to kill a cell (Olsnes, S. &
Phil, A. in Molecular action of toxins and viruses (eds. Cohen, P.
& vanHeyningen, S.) (Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam,
1982). The ricin toxin is a glycosylated heterodimer consisting of
A and B chains with molecular masses of 30,625 Da and 31,431 Da
linked by a disulphide bond. The A chain of ricin has an
N-glycosidase activity and catalyzes the excision of a specific
adenine residue from the 28S rRNA of eukaryotic ribosomes (Endo, Y.
& Tsurugi, K. J., Biol. Chem. 262:8128 (1987)). The B chain of
ricin, although not toxic in itself, promotes the toxicity of the A
chain by binding to galactose residues on the surface of eukaryotic
cells and stimulating receptor-mediated endocytosis of the toxin
molecule (Simmons et al., Biol. Chem. 261:7912 (1986)). Once the
toxin molecule consisting of the A and B chains is internalized
into the cell via clathrin-dependent or independent mechanisms, the
greater reduction potential within the cell induces a release of
the active A chain, eliciting its inhibitory effect on protein
synthesis and its cytotoxicity (Emmanuel, F. et al., Anal. Biochem.
173: 134-141 (1988); Blum, J. S. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266:
22091-22095 (1991); Fiani, M. L. et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
307: 225-230 (1993)). Empirical evidence suggests that activated
toxin (e.g. ricin, shiga toxin and others) in the endosomes is
transcytosed through the trans-Golgi network to the endoplasmic
reticulum by retrograde transport before the A chain is
translocated into the cytoplasm to elicit its action (Sandvig, K.
& van Deurs, B., FEBS Lett. 346: 99-102 (1994).
[0005] Protein toxins are initially produced in an inactive,
precursor form. Ricin is initially produced as a single polypeptide
(preproricin) with a 35 amino acid N-terminal presequence and 12
amino acid linker between the A and B chains. The pre-sequence is
removed during translocation of the ricin precursor into the
endoplasmic reticulum (Lord, J. M., Eur. J. Biochem. 146:403-409
(1985) and Lord, J. M., Eur. J. Biochem. 146:411-416 (1985)). The
proricin is then translocated into specialized organelles called
protein bodies where a plant protease cleaves the protein at a
linker region between the A and B chains (Lord, J. M. et al., FASAB
Journal 8:201-208 (1994)). The two chains, however, remain
covalently attached by an interchain disulfide bond (cysteine 259
in the A chain to cysteine 4 in the B chain) and mature disulfide
linked ricin is stored in protein bodies inside the plant cells.
The A chain is inactive in proricin (O'Hare, M. et al., FEBS Lett.
273:200-204 (1990)) and it is inactive in the disulfide-linked
mature ricin (Richardson, P. T. et al., FEBS Lett. 255:15-20
(1989)). The ribosomes of the castor bean plant are themselves
susceptible to inactivation by ricin A chain; however, as there is
no cell surface galactose to permit B chain recognition the A chain
cannot re-enter the cell. The exact mechanism of A chain release
and activation in target cell cytoplasm is not known (Lord, J. M.
et al., FASAB Journal 8:201-208 (1994)). However, it is known that
for activation to take place the disulfide bond between the A and B
chains must be reduced and, hence, the linkage between subunits
broken.
[0006] Diphtheria toxin is produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
as a 535 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular weight of
approximately 58 kD (Greenfield, L. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 80:6853-6857 (1983); Pastan, I. et al., Annu. Rev. Biochem.
61:331-354 (1992); Collier, R. J. Kandel, J., J. Biol. Chem.
246:1496-1503 (1971)). It is secreted as a single-chain polypeptide
consisting of 2 functional domains. Similar to proricin, the
N-terminal domain (A-chain) contains the cytotoxic moiety whereas
the C-terminal domain (B-chain) is responsible for binding to the
cells and facilitates toxin endocytosis. Conversely, the mechanism
of cytotoxicity for diphtheria toxin is based on ADP-ribosylation
of EF-2 thereby blocking protein synthesis and producing cell
death. The 2 functional domains in diphtheria toxin are linked by
an arginine-rich peptide sequence as well as a disulphide bond.
Once the diphtheria toxin is internalized into the cell, the
arginine-rich peptide linker is cleaved by trypsin-like enzymes and
the disulphide bond (Cys 186-201) is reduced. The cytotoxic domain
is subsequently translocated into the cytosol substantially as
described above for ricin and elicits ribosomal inhibition and
cytotoxicity.
[0007] Pseudomonas exotoxin is also a 66 kD single-chain toxin
protein secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a similar mechanism
of cytotoxicity to that of diphtheria toxin (Pastan, I. et al.,
Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61:331-354 (1992); Ogata, M. et al., J. Biol.
Chem. 267:25396-25401 (1992); Vagil, M. L. et al., Infect. Immunol.
16:353-361 (1977)). Pseudomonas exotoxin consists of 3 conjoint
functional domains. The first domain Ia (amino acids 1-252) is
responsible for cell binding and toxin endocytosis, a second domain
II (amino acids 253-364) is responsible for toxin translocation
from the endocytic vesicle to the cytosol, and a third domain III
(amino acids 400-613) is responsible for protein synthesis
inhibition and cytotoxicity. After Pseudomonas exotoxin enters the
cell, the liberation of the cytotoxic domain is effected by both
proteolytic cleavage of a polypeptide sequence in the second domain
(near Arg 279) and the reduction of the disulphide bond (Cys
265-287) in the endocytic vesicles. In essence, the overall pathway
to cytotoxicity is analogous to diphtheria toxin with the exception
that the toxin translocation domain in Pseudomonas exotoxin is
structurally distinct.
[0008] Other toxins possessing distinct functional domains for
cytotoxicity and cell binding/toxin translocation include abrin,
modeccin and volkensin (Sandvig, K. et al., Biochem. Soc. Trans.
21:707-711 (1993)). Some toxins such as Shiga toxin and cholera
toxin also have multiple polypeptide chains responsible for
receptor binding and endocytosis.
[0009] The ricin gene has been cloned and sequenced, and the X-ray
crystal structures of the A and B chains have been described
(Rutenber, E. et al. Proteins 10:240-250 (1991); Weston et al.,
Mol. Bio. 244:410-422, 1994; Lamb and Lord, Eur. J. Biochem. 14:265
(1985); Halling, K. et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 13:8019 (1985)).
Similarly, the genes for diptheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin
have been cloned and sequenced, and the 3-dimensional structures of
the toxin proteins have been elucidated and described (Columblatti,
M. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 261:3030-3035 (1986); Allured, V. S. et
al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:1320-1324 (1986); Gray, G. L. et
al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:2645-2649 (1984); Greenfield, L.
et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:6853-6857 (1983); Collier, R.
J. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 257:5283-5285 (1982)).
[0010] The potential of bacterial and plant toxins for inhibiting
mammalian retroviruses, particularly acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS), has been investigated. Bacterial toxins such as
Pseudomonas exotoxin-A and subunit A of diphtheria toxin; dual
chain ribosomal inhibitory plant toxins such as ricin, and single
chain ribosomal inhibitory proteins such as trichosanthin and
pokeweed antiviral protein have been used for the elimination of
HIV infected cells (Olson et al., AIDS Res. and Human Retroviruses
7:1025-1030 (1991)). The high toxicity of these toxins for
mammalian cells, combined with a lack of specificity of action
poses a major problem to the development of pharmaceuticals
incorporating the toxins, such as immunotoxins.
[0011] Due to their extreme toxicity there has been much interest
in making ricin-based immunotoxins as therapeutic agents for
specifically destroying or inhibiting infected or tumourous cells
or tissues (Vitetta et al., Science 238:1098-1104 (1987)). An
immunotoxin is a conjugate of a specific cell binding component,
such as a monoclonal antibody or growth factor and the toxin in
which the two protein components are covalently linked. Generally,
the components are chemically coupled. However, the linkage may
also be a peptide or disulfide bond. The antibody directs the toxin
to cell types presenting a specific antigen thereby providing a
specificity of action not possible with the natural toxin.
Immunotoxins have been made both with the entire ricin molecule
(i.e. both chains) and with the ricin A chain alone (Spooner et
al., Mol. Immunol. 31:117-125, (1994)).
[0012] Immunotoxins made with the ricin dimer (IT-Rs) are more
potent toxins than those made with only the A chain (IT-As). The
increased toxicity of IT-Rs is thought to be attributed to the dual
role of the B chains in binding to the cell surface and in
translocating the A chain to the cytosolic compartment of the
target cell (Vitetta et al., Science 238:1098-1104 (1987); Vitetta
& Thorpe, Seminars in Cell Biology 2:47-58 (1991)). However,
the presence of the B chain in these conjugates also promotes the
entry of the immunotoxin into nontarget cells. Even small amounts
of B chain may override the specificity of the cell-binding
component as the B chain will bind nonspecifically to galactose
associated with N-linked carbohydrates, which is present on most
cells. IT-As are more specific and safer to use than IT-Rs.
However, in the absence of the B chain the A chain has greatly
reduced toxicity. Due to the reduced potency of IT-As as compared
to IT-Rs, large doses of IT-As must be administered to patients.
The large doses frequently cause immune responses and production of
neutralizing antibodies in patients (Vitetta et al., Science
238:1098-1104 (1987)). IT-As and IT-Rs both suffer from reduced
toxicity as the A chain is not released from the conjugate into the
target cell cytoplasm.
[0013] A number of immunotoxins have been designed to recognize
antigens on the surfaces of tumour cells and cells of the immune
system (Pastan et al., Annals New York Academy of Sciences
758:345-353 (1995)). A major problem with the use of such
immunotoxins is that the antibody component is its only targeting
mechanism and the target antigen is often found on non-target cells
(Vitetta et al., Immunology Today 14:252-259 (1993)). Also, the
preparation of a suitable specific cell binding component may be
problematic. For example, antigens specific for the target cell may
not be available and many potential target cells and infective
organisms can alter their antigenic make up rapidly to avoid immune
recognition. In view of the extreme toxicity of proteins such as
ricin, the lack of specificity of the immunotoxins may severely
limit their usefulness as therapeutics for the treatment of cancer
and infectious diseases.
[0014] The insertion of intramolecular protease cleavage sites
between the cytotoxic and cell-binding components of a toxin can
mimic the way that the natural toxin is activated. European patent
application no. 466,222 describes the use of maize-derived
pro-proteins which can be converted into active form by cleavage
with extracellular blood enzymes such as factor Xa, thrombin or
collagenase. Garred, O. et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 270:10817-10821
(1995)) documented the use of a ubiquitous calcium-dependent serine
protease, furin, to activate shiga toxin by cleavage of the
trypsin-sensitive linkage between the cytotoxic A-chain and the
pentamer of cell-binding B-units. Westby et al. (Bioconjugate Chem.
3:375-381 (1992)) documented fusion proteins which have a specific
cell binding component and proricin with a protease sensitive
cleavage site specific for factor Xa within the linker sequence.
O'Hare et al. (FEBS Lett. 273:200-204 (1990)) also described a
recombinant fusion protein of RTA and staphylococcal protein A
joined by a trypsin-sensitive cleavage site. In view of the
ubiquitous nature of the extracellular proteases utilized in these
approaches, such artificial activation of the toxin precursor or
immunotoxin does not confer a mechanism for intracellular toxin
activation and the problems of target specificity and adverse
immunological reactions to the cell-binding component of the
immunotoxin remain.
[0015] In a variation of the approach of insertion of
intramolecular protease cleavage sites on proteins which combine a
binding chain and a toxic chain, Leppla, S. H. et al. (Bacterial
Protein Toxins zbl.bakt.suppl. 24:431-442 (1994)) suggest the
replacement of the native cleavage site of the protective antigen
(PA) produced by Bacillus anthracis with a cleavage site that is
recognized by cells that contain a particular protease. PA,
recognizes, binds, and thereby assists in the internalization of
lethal factor (LF) and edema toxin (ET). also produced by Bacillus
anthracis. However, this approach is wholly dependent on the
availability of LF, or ET and PA all being localized to cells
wherein the modified PA can be activated by the specific protease.
It does not confer a mechanism for intracellular toxin activation
and presents a problem of ensuring sufficient quantities of toxin
for internalization in target cells.
[0016] The in vitro activation of a Staphylococcus-derived
pore-forming toxin, .alpha.-hemolysin by extracellular
tumour-associated proteases has been documented (Panchel, R. G. et
al., Nature Biotechnology 14:852-857 (1996)). Artificial activation
of .alpha.-hemolysin in vitro by said proteases was reported but
the actual activity and utility of .alpha.-hemolysin in the
destruction of target cells were not demonstrated.
[0017] Hemolysin does not inhibit protein synthesis but is a
heptameric transmembrane pore which acts as a channel to allow
leakage of molecules up to 3 kD thereby disrupting the ionic
balances of the living cell. The .alpha.-hemolysin activation
domain is likely located on the outside of the target cell (for
activation by extracellular proteases). The triggering mechanism in
the disclosed hemolysin precursor does not involve the
intracellular proteolytic cleavage of 2 functionally distinct
domains. Also, the proteases used for the .alpha.-hemolysin
activation are ubitquitiously secreted extracellular proteases and
toxin activation would not be confined to activation in the
vicinity of diseased cells. Such widespread activation of the toxin
does not confer target specificity and limits the usefulness of
said .alpha.-hemolysin toxin as therapeutics due to systemic
toxicity.
[0018] A variety of proteases specifically associated with
malignancy, viral infections and parasitic infections have been
identified and described. For example, cathepsin is a family of
serine, cysteine or aspartic endopeptidases and exopeptidases which
has been implicated to play a primary role in cancer metastasis
(Schwartz, M. K., Clin. Chim. Acta 237:67-78 (1995); Spiess, E. et
al., J. Histochem. Cytochem. 42:917-929 (1994); Scarborough, P. E.
et al., Protein Sci. 2:264-276 (1993); Sloane, B. F. et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:2483-2487 (1986); Mikkelsen, T. et al., J.
Neurosurge 83:285-290 (1995)). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs or
matrixins) are zinc-dependent proteinases consisting of
collagenases, matrilysin, stromelysins, gelatinases and macrophage
elastase (Krane, S. M., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 732:1-10 (1994);
Woessner, J. F., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 732:11-21 (1994); Carvalho,
K. et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 191:172-179 (1993); Nakano,
A. et al. J. of Neurosurge, 83:298-307 (1995); Peng, K-W, et al.
Human Gene Therapy, 8:729-738 (1997); More, D. H. et al.
Gynaecologic Oncology, 65:78-82 (1997)). These proteases are
involved in pathological matrix remodeling. Under normal
physiological conditions, regulation of matrixin activity is
effected at the level of gene expression. Enzymatic activity is
also controlled stringently by tissue inhibitors of
metalloproteinases (TIMPs) (Murphy, G. et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.
732:31-41 (1994)). The expression of MMP genes is reported to be
activated in inflammatory disorders (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis) and
malignancy.
[0019] In malaria, parasitic serine and aspartic proteases are
involved in host erythrocyte invasion by the Plasmodium parasite
and in hemoglobin catabolism by intraerythrocytic malaria (O'Dea,
K. P. et al., Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 72:111-119 (1995); Blackman,
M. J. et al., Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 62:103-114 (1993); Cooper,
J. A. et al., Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 56:151-160 (1992); Goldberg,
D. E. et al., J. Exp. Med. 173:961-969 (1991)). Schistosoma mansoni
is also a pathogenic parasite which causes schistosomiasis or
bilharzia. Elastinolytic proteinases have been associated
specifically with the virulence of this particular parasite
(McKerrow, J. H. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 260:3703-3707 (1985)).
[0020] Welch, A. R. et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
88:10797-10800 (1991)) has described a series of viral proteases
which are specifically associated with human cytomegalovirus, human
herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster virus- and
infectious laryngotracheitis virus. These proteases possess similar
substrate specificity and play an integral role in viral scaffold
protein restructuring in capsid assembly and virus maturation.
Other viral proteases serving similar functions have also been
documented for human T-cell leukemia virus (Blaha, I. et al., FEBS
Lett. 309:389-393 (1992); Pettit, S. C. et al., J. Biol. Chem.
266:14539-14547 (1991)), hepatitis viruses (Hirowatari, Y. et al.,
Anal. Biochem. 225:113-120 (1995); Hirowatari, Y. et al., Arch.
Virol. 133:349-356 (1993); Jewell, D. A. et al., Biochemistry
31:7862-7869 (1992)), poliomyelitis virus (Weidner, J. R. et al.,
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 286:402-408 (1991)), and human rhinovirus
(Long, A. C. et al., FEBS Lett. 258:75-78 (1989)).
[0021] Candida yeasts are dimorphic fungi which are responsible for
a majority of opportunistic infections in AIDS patients (Holmberg,
K. and Myer, R., Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 18:179-192 (1986)).
Aspartic proteinases have been associated specifically with
numerous virulent strains of Candida including Candida albican,
Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis (Abad-Zapatero, C. et
al., Protein Sci. 5:640-652 (1996); Cutfield, S. M. et al.,
Biochemistry 35:398-410 (1995); Ruchel, R. et al, Zentralbl.
Bakteriol. Mikrobiol Hyg. I Abt. Orig. A. 255:537-548 (1983);
Remold, H. et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 167:399-406 (1968)), and
the levels of these enzymes have been correlated with the lethality
of the strain (Schreiber, B, et al., Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.
3:1-5 (1985)).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0022] The invention relates to novel recombinant toxic proteins
which are specifically toxic to diseased cells but do not depend
for their specificity of action on a specific cell binding
component. The recombinant proteins of the invention have an A
chain of a ricin-like toxin linked to a B chain by a synthetic
linker sequence which may be cleaved specifically by a protease
localised in cells or tissues affected by a specific disease to
liberate the toxic A chain thereby selectively inhibiting or
destroying the diseased cells or tissues. The term diseased cells
as used herein, includes cells affected by cancer, or infected by
fungi, or viruses, including retroviruses, or parasites.
[0023] Toxin targeting using the recombinant toxic proteins of the
invention takes advantage of the fact that many DNA viruses exploit
host cellular transport mechanisms to escape immunological
destruction. This is achieved by enhancing the retrograde
translocation of host major histocompatibility complex (MHC) type I
molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm
(Bonifacino, J. S., Nature 384: 405-406 (1996); Wiertz, E. J. et
al., Nature 384: 432-438 (1996)). The facilitation of retrograde
transport in diseased cells by the virus can enhance the
transcytosis and cytotoxicity of a recombinant toxic protein of the
present invention thereby further reducing non-specific
cytotoxicity and improving the overall safety of the product.
[0024] The recombinant toxic proteins of the present invention may
be used to treat diseases including various forms of cancer such as
T- and B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases, ovarian cancer,
pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma,
gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, non small
cell lung cancer, malaria, and diverse viral disease states
associated with infection with human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis
virus, herpes virus, human rhinovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis
virus, poliomyelitis virus, or varicella zoster virus.
[0025] In one aspect, the present invention provides a purified and
isolated nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence encoding an A
chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a
heterologous linker amino acid sequence, linking the A and B
chains. The linker sequence is not a native linker sequence of a
ricin-like toxin, but rather a synthetic heterologous linker
sequence containing a cleavage recognition site for a
disease-specific protease. The A and or the B chain may be those of
ricin.
[0026] In an embodiment, of the invention the cleavage recognition
site is the cleavage recognition site for a cancer-associated
protease. In particular embodiments, the linker amino acid sequence
comprises SLLKSRMVPNFN (SEQ ID NO: 40) or SLLIARRMPNFN (SEQ ID NO:
90) cleaved by cathepsin B; SKLVQASASGVN (SEQ ID NO:45) or
SSYLKASDAPDN (SEQ ID NO:46) cleaved by an Epstein-Barr virus
protease; RPKPQQFFGLMN (SEQ ID NO: 41) cleaved by MMP-3
(stromelysin); SLRPLALWRSFN (SEQ ID NO: 42) cleaved by MMP-7
(matrilysin); SPQGIAGQRNFN (SEQ ID NO: 43) cleaved by MMP-9;
DVDERDVRGFASFL (SEQ ID NO: 44) cleaved by a thermolysin-like MMP;
SLPLGLWAPNFN (SEQ ID NO: 87) cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase
2(MMP-2); SLLIFRSWANFN (SEQ ID NO: 93) cleaved by cathespin L;
SGVVIATVIVIT (SEQ ID NO: 96) cleaved by cathespin D; SLGPQGIWGQFN
(SEQ ID NO: 99) cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP-1);
KKSPGRVVGGSV (SEQ ID NO: 102) cleaved by urokinase-type plasminogen
activator; PQGLLGAPGILG (SEQ ID NO: 105) cleaved by membrane type 1
matrixmetalloproteinase (MT-MMP); HGPEGLRVGFYESDVMGRGHARLVHVEEPHT
(SEQ ID NO: 108) cleaved by stromelysin 3 (or MMP-11), thermolysin,
fibroblast collagenase and stromelysin-1; GPQGLAGQRGIV (SEQ ID NO:
111) cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase 13 (collagenase-3);
GGSGQRGRKALE (SEQ ID NO: 114) cleaved by tissue-type plasminogen
activator (tPA); SLSALLSSDIFN (SEQ ID NO: 117) cleaved by human
prostate-specific antigen; SLPRFKIIGGFN (SEQ ID NO: 120) cleaved by
kallikrein (hK3); SLLGIAVPGNFN (SEQ ID NO: 123) cleaved by
neutrophil elastase; and FFKNIVTPRTPP (SEQ ID NO: 126) cleaved by
calpain (calcium activated neutral protease). The nucleic acid
sequences for ricin A and B chains with each of the linker
sequences are shown in FIGS. 2D, 35C, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 16D, 17D,
34C, 36C, 37C, 38C, 39C, 40C, 41C, 42C, 43C, 44C, 45C, 46C and 47C,
respectively.
[0027] In another embodiment, the deavage recognition site is the
cleavage recognition site for a protease associated with the
malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. In particular embodiments,
the linker amino acid sequence comprises QVVQLQNYDEED (SEQ ID NO:
55); LPIFGESEDNDE (SEQ ID NO: 56); QVVTGEAISVTM (SEQ ID NO: 57);
ALERTFLSFPTN (SEQ ID NO: 58) or KFQDMLNISQHQ (SEQ ID NO: 59). The
nucleic nucleotide sequences for ricin A and B chains with each of
the linker sequences are shown in FIGS. 7D, 8D, 9D, 10D, and
11D.
[0028] In a another embodiment, the cleavage recognition site is
the cleavage recognition site for a viral protease. The linker
sequences preferably comprise the sequence Y-X-Y-A-Z wherein X is
valine or leucine, Y is a polar amino acid, and Z is serine,
asparagine or valine. In particular embodiments, the linker amino
acid sequence comprises SGVVNASCRLAN (SEQ ID NO: 63) or
SSYVKASVSPEN (SEQ ID NO: 64) cleaved by a human cytomegalovirus
protease; SALVNASSAHVN (SEQ ID NO: 60) or STYLQASEKFKN (SEQ ID NO:
61) cleaved by a herpes simplex 1 virus protease; SSILNASVPNFN (SEQ
ID NO: 62) cleaved by a human herpes virus 6 protease; SQDVNAVEASSN
(SEQ ID NO: 65) or SVYLQASTGYGN (SEQ ID NO: 66) cleaved by a
varicella zoster virus protease; or SKYLQANEVITN (SEQ ID NO: 67)
cleaved by an infectious laryngotracheitis virus protease. The
nucleic nucleotide sequences for ricin A and B chains with each of
the linker sequences are shown in FIGS. 12D, 13D, 14D, 15D, 18D,
19D, 20D, and 22D.
[0029] In another embodiment, the cleavage recognition site is the
cleavage recognition site for a hepatitis A viral protease. In
particular embodiments, the linker amino acid sequence comprises
SELRTQSFSNWN (SEQ ID NO: 68) or SELWSQGIDDDN (SEQ ID NO: 69)
cleaved by a hepatitis A virus protease. The nucleic nucleotide
sequences for ricin A and B chains with each of the linker
sequences are shown in FIG. 23D or 24D.
[0030] In another embodiment, the cleavage recognition site is the
cleavage recognition site for a hepatitis C viral protease. In
particular embodiments, the linker amino acid sequence comprises
DLEVVTSTWVFN (SEQ ID NO: 75), DEMEECASHLFN (SEQ ID NO: 78),
EDVVCCSMSYFN (SEQ ID NO: 81) or KGWRLLAPITAY (SEQ ID NO: 84)
cleaved by a hepatitis C virus protease. The nucleic nucleotide
sequences for ricin A and B chains with each of the linker
sequences are shown in FIGS. 30C, 31C, 32C and 33C.
[0031] In another embodiment, the cleavage recognition site is the
cleavage recognition site for a Candida fungal protease. In
particular embodiments, the linker amino acid sequence is
SKPAKFFRLNFN (SEQ ID NO: 70), SKPIEFFRLNFN (SEQ ID NO: 71) or
SKPAEFFALNFN (SEQ ID NO: 72) cleaved by Candida aspartic protease.
The nucleic nucleotide sequences for ricin A and B chains with the
first linker sequence are shown in FIGS. 25D.
[0032] The present invention also provides a plasmid incorporating
the nucleic acid of the invention. In an embodiment, the plasmid
has the restriction map as shown in FIG. 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A,
8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A, 14A, 15A, 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A, 20A, 21A,
22A, 23A, 24A, or 25A.
[0033] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
baculovirus transfer vector incorporating the nucleic acid of the
invention. In particular embodiments, the invention provides a
baculovirus transfer vector having the DNA sequence as shown in
FIG. 1.
[0034] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a
baculovirus transfer vector incorporating the nucleic acid of the
invention. In particular embodiments, the invention provides a
baculovirus transfer vector having the restriction map as shown in
FIG. 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, 7C, 8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C, 15C,
16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C, 23C, 24C, 25C, 30A, 31A, 32A,
33A, 34A, 35A, 36A, 37A, 38A, 39A, 40A, 41A, 42A, 43A, 44A, 45A,
46A, or 47A. or having the DNA sequence as shown in FIG. 1.
[0035] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a
recombinant protein comprising an A chain of a ricin-like toxin, a
B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a heterologous linker amino acid
sequence, linking the A and B chains, wherein the linker sequence
contains a cleavage recognition site for a disease-specific
protease (e.g. a cancer, viral, parasitic, or fungal protease). The
A and/or the B chain may be those of ricin. In an embodiment, the
cleavage recognition site is the cleavage recognition site for a
cancer, viral or parasitic protease substantially as described
above. In a particular embodiment, the cancer is T-cell or B-cell
lymphoproliferative disease. In another particular embodiment, the
virus is human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis
virus, herpes virus, human rhinovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis
virus, poliomyelitis virus, or varicella zoster virus. In a further
particular embodiment, the parasite is Plasmodium falciparum.
[0036] In a further aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a fungal infection, such as Candida, in a
mammal comprising the recombinant protein of the invention and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
[0037] In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method of
inhibiting or destroying cells affected by a disease, which cells
are associated with a disease specific protease, including cancer
or infection with a virus, fungus, or a parasite each of which has
a specific protease, comprising the steps of preparing a
recombinant protein of the invention having a heterologous linker
sequence which contains a cleavage recognition site for the
disease-specific protease and administering the recombinant protein
to the cells. In an embodiment, the cancer is T-cell or B-cell
lymphoproliferative disease, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer,
head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal
cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, non small cell lung cancer.
In another embodiment, the virus is human cytomegalovirus,
Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis virus, herpes virus, human
rhinovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, infectious
laryngotracheitis virus, poliomyelitis virus, or varicella zoster
virus. In another embodiment, the parasite is Plasmodium
falciparum.
[0038] The present invention also relates to a method of treating a
mammal with disease wherein cells affected by the disease are
associated with a disease specific protease, including cancer or
infection with a virus, fungus, or a parasite each of which has a
specific protease by administering an effective amount of one or
more recombinant proteins of the invention to said mammal.
[0039] Still further, a process is provided for preparing a
pharmaceutical for treating a mammal with disease wherein cells
affected by the disease are associated with a disease specific
protease, including cancer or infection with a virus, fungus, or a
parasite each of which has a specific protease comprising the steps
of preparing a purified and isolated nucleic acid having a
nucleotide sequence encoding an A chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B
chain of a ricin-like toxin and a heterologous linker amino acid
sequence, linking the A and B chains, wherein the linker sequence
contains a cleavage recognition site for the disease-specific
protease; introducing the nucleic acid into a host cell; expressing
the nucleic acid in the host cell to obtain a recombinant protein
comprising an A chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a
ricin-like toxin and a heterologous linker amino acid sequence,
linking the A and B chains wherein the linker sequence contains the
cleavage recognition site for the disease-specific protease; and
suspending the protein in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,
diluent or excipient.
[0040] In an embodiment, a process is provided for preparing a
pharmaceutical for treating a mammal with disease wherein cells
affected by the disease are associated with a disease specific
protease, including cancer or infection with a virus, fungus, or a
parasite each of which has a specific protease comprising the steps
of identifying a cleavage recognition site for the protease;
preparing a recombinant protein comprising an A chain of a
ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a
heterologous linker amino acid sequence, linking the A and B chains
wherein the linker sequence contains the cleavage recognition site
for the protease and suspending the protein in a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
[0041] In a further aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical
composition for treating for treating a mammal with disease wherein
cells affected by the disease are associated with a disease
specific protease, including cancer or infection with a virus,
fungus, or a parasite comprising the recombinant protein of the
invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or
excipient.
[0042] Other features and advantages of the present invention will
become apparent from the following detailed description. It should
be understood, however, that the detailed description and the
specific examples while indicating preferred embodiments of the
invention are given by way of illustration only, since various
changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the
invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from
this detailed description.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] The invention will be better understood with reference to
the drawings in which:
[0044] FIG. 1 shows the DNA sequence of the baculovirus transfer
vector, pVL1393 (SEQ ID NO: 1);
[0045] FIG. 2A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate the
pAP-213 construct;
[0046] FIG. 2B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Cathepsin B
linker regions of pAP-213 (SEQ ID NO: 2);
[0047] FIG. 2C shows the subcloning of the Cathepsin B linker
variant into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0048] FIG. 2D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-214 insert
containing ricin and the Cathepsin B linker (SEQ ID NO: 3);
[0049] FIG. 3A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate the
pAP-215 construct;
[0050] FIG. 3B shows the nucleotide sequence of the MMP-3 linker
regions of pAP-215 (SEQ ID NO: 4);
[0051] FIG. 3C shows the subcloning of the MMP-3 linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0052] FIG. 3D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-216 insert
containing ricin and the MMP-3 linker (SEQ ID NO: 5);
[0053] FIG. 4A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate the
pAP-217 construct;
[0054] FIG. 4B shows the nucleotide sequence of the MMP-7 linker
regions of pAP-217 (SEQ ID NO: 6);
[0055] FIG. 4C shows the subcloning of the MMP-7 linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0056] FIG. 4D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-218 insert
containing ricin and the MMP-7 linker (SEQ ID NO: 7);
[0057] FIG. 5A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate the
pAP-219 construct;
[0058] FIG. 5B shows the nucleotide sequence of the MMP-9 linker
regions of pAP-219 (SEQ ID NO: 8);
[0059] FIG. 5C shows the subcloning of the MMP-9 linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0060] FIG. 5D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-220 insert
containing ricin and the MMP-9 linker (SEQ ID NO: 9).
[0061] FIG. 6A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate the
pAP-221 construct;
[0062] FIG. 6B shows the nucleotide sequence of the
thermolysin-like MMP linker regions of pAP-221 (SEQ ID NO: 10);
[0063] FIG. 6C shows the subcloning of the thermolysin-like MMP
linker variant into a baculovirus transfer vector.
[0064] FIG. 6D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-222 insert
containing ricin and the thermolysin-like MMP linker (SEQ ID NO:
11);
[0065] FIG. 7A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate the
pAP-223 construct;
[0066] FIG. 7B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Plasmodium
falciparum-A linker regions of pAP-223 (SEQ ID NO: 12);
[0067] FIG. 7C shows the subcloning of the Plasmodium falciparum-A
linker variant into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0068] FIG. 7D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-224 insert
containing ricin and the Plasmodium falciparum-A linker (SEQ ID NO:
13);
[0069] FIG. 8A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate the
pAP-225 construct;
[0070] FIG. 8B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Plasmodium
falciparum-B linker regions of pAP-225 (SEQ ID NO: 14);
[0071] FIG. 8C shows the subcloning of the Plasmodium falciparum-B
linker variant into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0072] FIG. 8D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-226 insert
containing ricin and the Plasmodium falciparum-B linker (SEQ ID NO:
15);
[0073] FIG. 9A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate the
pAP-227 construct;
[0074] FIG. 9B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Plasmodium
falciparum-C linker regions of pAP-227 (SEQ ID NO: 16);
[0075] FIG. 9C shows the subcloning of the Plasmodium falciparum-C
linker variant into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0076] FIG. 9D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-228 insert
containing ricin and the Plasmodium falciparum-C linker (SEQ ID NO:
17);
[0077] FIG. 10A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-229 construct;
[0078] FIG. 10B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Plasmodium
falciparum-D linker regions of pAP-229 (SEQ ID NO: 18);
[0079] FIG. 10C shows the subcloning of the Plasmodium falciparum-D
linker variant into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0080] FIG. 10D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-230 insert
containing ricin and the Plasmodium falciparum-D linker (SEQ ID NO:
19);
[0081] FIG. 11A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-231 construct;
[0082] FIG. 11B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Plasmodium
falciparum-E linker regions of pAP-231 (SEQ ID NO: 20);
[0083] FIG. 11C shows the subcloning of the Plasmodium falciparum-E
linker variant into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0084] FIG. 11D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-232 insert
containing ricin and the Plasmodium falciparum-E linker (SEQ ID NO:
21);
[0085] FIG. 12A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-233 construct;
[0086] FIG. 12B shows the nucleotide sequence of the HSV-A linker
regions of pAP-233 (SEQ ID NO: 22);
[0087] FIG. 12C shows the subcloning of the HSV-A linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0088] FIG. 12D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-234 insert
containing ricin and the HSV-A linker (SEQ ID NO: 23);
[0089] FIG. 13A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-235 construct;
[0090] FIG. 13B shows the nucleotide sequence of the HSV-B linker
regions of pAP-235 (SEQ ID NO: 24);
[0091] FIG. 13C shows the subcloning of the HSV-B linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0092] FIG. 13D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-236 insert
containing ricin and the HSV-B linker (SEQ ID NO: 25);
[0093] FIG. 14A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-237 construct;
[0094] FIG. 14B shows the nucleotide sequence of the VZV-A linker
regions of pAP-237 (SEQ ID NO: 26);
[0095] FIG. 14C shows the subcloning of the VZV-A linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0096] FIG. 14D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-238 insert
containing ricin and the VZV-A linker (SEQ ID NO: 27);
[0097] FIG. 15A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-239 construct;
[0098] FIG. 15B shows the nucleotide sequence of the VZV-B linker
regions of pAP-239 (SEQ ID NO: 28);
[0099] FIG. 15C shows the subcloning of the VZV-B linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0100] FIG. 15D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-240 insert
containing ricin and the VZV-B linker (SEQ ID NO: 29);
[0101] FIG. 16A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-241 construct;
[0102] FIG. 16B shows the nucleotide sequence of the EBV-A linker
regions of pAP-241 (SEQ ID NO: 30);
[0103] FIG. 16C shows the subcloning of the EBV-A linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0104] FIG. 16D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-242 insert
containing ricin and the EBV-A linker (SEQ ID NO: 31);
[0105] FIG. 17A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-243 construct;
[0106] FIG. 17B shows the nucleotide sequence of the EBV-B linker
regions of pAP-243 (SEQ ID NO: 32);
[0107] FIG. 17C shows the subcloning of the EBV-B linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0108] FIG. 17D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-244 insert
containing ricin and the EBV-B linker (SEQ ID NO: 33);
[0109] FIG. 18A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-245 construct;
[0110] FIG. 18B shows the nucleotide sequence of the CMV-A linker
regions of pAP-245 (SEQ ID NO: 34);
[0111] FIG. 18C shows the subcloning of the CMV-A linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0112] FIG. 18D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-246 insert
containing ricin and the CMV-A linker (SEQ ID NO: 35);
[0113] FIG. 19A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-247 construct;
[0114] FIG. 19B shows the nucleotide sequence of the CMV-B linker
regions of pAP-247 (SEQ ID NO: 36);
[0115] FIG. 19C shows the subcloning of the CMV-B linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0116] FIG. 19D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-248 insert
containing ricin and the CMV-B linker (SEQ ID NO: 37).
[0117] FIG. 20A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-249 construct;
[0118] FIG. 20B shows the nucleotide sequence of the HHV-6 linker
regions of pAP-249 (SEQ ID NO: 38);
[0119] FIG. 20C shows the subcloning of the HHV-6 linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0120] FIG. 20D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-250 insert
containing ricin and the HHV-6 linker (SEQ ID NO: 39);
[0121] FIG. 21 shows the amino acid sequences of the wild type
ricin linker and cancer protease-sensitive amino acid linkers
contained in pAP-213 to pAP-222 and linkers pAP-241 to pAP-244 (SEQ
ID NOS: 127 & 40-46);
[0122] FIG. 22A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-253 construct;
[0123] FIG. 22B shows the nucleotide sequence of the ILV linker
regions of pAP-253 (SEQ ID NO: 47);
[0124] FIG. 22C shows the subcloning of the ILV linker variant into
a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0125] FIG. 22D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-254 insert
containing ricin and the ILV linker (SEQ ID NO: 48);
[0126] FIG. 23A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-257 construct;
[0127] FIG. 23B shows the nucleotide sequence of the HAV-A linker
regions of pAP-257 (SEQ ID NO: 49);
[0128] FIG. 23C shows the subcloning of the HAV-A linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0129] FIG. 23D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-258 insert
containing ricin and the HAV-A linker (SEQ ID NO: 50);
[0130] FIG. 24A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-255 construct;
[0131] FIG. 24B shows the nucleotide sequence of the HAV-B linker
regions of pAP-255 (SEQ ID NO: 51);
[0132] FIG. 24C shows the subcloning of the HAV-B linker variant
into a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0133] FIG. 24D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-256 insert
containing ricin and the HAV-B linker (SEQ ID NO: 52);
[0134] FIG. 25A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-259 construct;
[0135] FIG. 25B shows the nucleotide sequence of the CAN linker
regions of pAP-259 (SEQ ID NO: 53);
[0136] FIG. 25C shows the subcloning of the CAN linker variant into
a baculovirus transfer vector;
[0137] FIG. 25D shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-260 insert
containing ricin and the CAN linker (SEQ ID NO: 54);
[0138] FIG. 26 shows the amino acid sequences of the wild type
ricin linker and Plasmodium falciparum protease-sensitive amino
acid linkers contained in linkers pAP-223 to pAP-232 (SEQ ID NOS:
127 & 55-59);
[0139] FIG. 27 shows the amino acid sequences of the wild type
ricin linker and the viral protease-sensitive amino acid linkers
contained in pAP-233 to pAP-240, pAP-245-pAP-248, pAP-253 to
pAP-258 (SEQ ID NOS: 127, 63-64, 60-62, 65-69);
[0140] FIG. 28 shows the amino acid sequences of the wild type
ricin linker and the Candida aspartic protease-sensitive amino acid
linker contained in pAP-259 to pAP-264 (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
70-72);
[0141] FIG. 29 describes an alternative mutagenesis and subcloning
strategy to provide a baculovirus transfer vector containing the
ricin-like toxin variant gene; and
[0142] FIG. 30A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-262 construct;
[0143] FIG. 30B shows the nucleotide sequence of the HCV-A linker
region of pAP-262 (SEQ ID NO: 73);
[0144] FIG. 30C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-262 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 74);
[0145] FIG. 30D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region HCV-A to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
75);
[0146] FIG. 31A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-264 construct;
[0147] FIG. 31B shows the nucleotide sequence of the HCV-B linker
region of pAP-264 (SEQ ID NO: 76);
[0148] FIG. 31C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-264 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 77);
[0149] FIG. 31D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region HCV-B to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
78);
[0150] FIG. 32A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-266 construct;
[0151] FIG. 32B shows the nucleotide sequence of the HCV-C linker
region of pAP-266 (SEQ ID NO: 79);
[0152] FIG. 32C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-266 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 80);
[0153] FIG. 32D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region HCV-C to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
81);
[0154] FIG. 33A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-268 construct;
[0155] FIG. 33B shows the nucleotide sequence of the HCV-D linker
region of pAP-268 (SEQ ID NO: 82);
[0156] FIG. 33C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-268 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 83);
[0157] FIG. 33D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region HCV-D to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
84);
[0158] FIG. 34A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-270 construct;
[0159] FIG. 34B shows the nucleotide sequence of the MMP-2 linker
region of pAP-270 (SEQ ID NO: 85);
[0160] FIG. 34C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-270 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 86);
[0161] FIG. 34D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of MMP-2 to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
87);
[0162] FIG. 35A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-272 construct;
[0163] FIG. 35B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Cathepsin B
(Site 2) linker region of pAP-272 (SEQ ID NO: 88);
[0164] FIG. 35C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-272 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 89);
[0165] FIG. 35D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of Cathepsin B (Site 2) to wild type (SEQ
ID NO: 90);
[0166] FIG. 36A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-274 construct;
[0167] FIG. 36B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Cathepsin L
linker region of pAP-274 (SEQ ID NO: 91);
[0168] FIG. 36C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-274 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 92);
[0169] FIG. 36D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of Cathepsin L to wild type (SEQ ID NOS:
127, 93);
[0170] FIG. 37A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-276 construct;
[0171] FIG. 37B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Cathepsin D
linker region of pAP-276 (SEQ ID NO: 94);
[0172] FIG. 37C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-276 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 95);
[0173] FIG. 37D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of Cathepsin D to wild type (SEQ ID NOS:
127, 96);
[0174] FIG. 38A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-278 construct;
[0175] FIG. 38B shows the nucleotide sequence of the MMP-1 linker
region of pAP-278 (SEQ ID NO: 97);
[0176] FIG. 38C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-278 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 98);
[0177] FIG. 38D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of MMP-1 to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
99);
[0178] FIG. 39A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-280 construct;
[0179] FIG. 39B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Urokinase-Type
Plasminogen Activator linker region of pAP-280 (SEQ ID NO:
100);
[0180] FIG. 39C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-280 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 101);
[0181] FIG. 39D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
to wild type (SEQ ID NO: 102);
[0182] FIG. 40A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-282 construct;
[0183] FIG. 40B shows the nucleotide sequence of the MT-MMP linker
region of pAP-282 (SEQ ID NO: 103);
[0184] FIG. 40C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-282 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 104);
[0185] FIG. 40D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of MT-MMP to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
105);
[0186] FIG. 41A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-284 construct;
[0187] FIG. 41B shows the nucleotide sequence of the MMP-11 linker
region of pAP-284 (SEQ ID NO: 106);
[0188] FIG. 41C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-284 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 107);
[0189] FIG. 41D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of MMP-11 to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
108);
[0190] FIG. 42A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-286 construct;
[0191] FIG. 42B shows the nucleotide sequence of the MMP-13 linker
region of pAP-286 (SEQ ID NO: 109);
[0192] FIG. 42C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-286 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 110);
[0193] FIG. 42D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of MMP-13 to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
111);
[0194] FIG. 43A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-288 construct;
[0195] FIG. 43B shows the nucleotide sequence of the Tissue-type
Plasminogen Activator linker region of pAP-288 (SEQ ID NO:
112);
[0196] FIG. 43C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-288 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 113);
[0197] FIG. 43D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator to
wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127, 114);
[0198] FIG. 44A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-290 construct;
[0199] FIG. 44B shows the nucleotide sequence of the human
Prostate-Specific Antigen linker region of pAP-290 (SEQ ID NO:
115);
[0200] FIG. 44C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-290 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 116);
[0201] FIG. 44D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of the human Prostate-Specific Antigen to
wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127, 117);
[0202] FIG. 45A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-292 construct;
[0203] FIG. 45B shows the nucleotide sequence of the kallikrein
linker region of pAP-292 (SEQ ID NO: 118);
[0204] FIG. 45C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-292 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 119);
[0205] FIG. 45D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of the kallikrein to wild type (SEQ ID
NOS: 127, 120);
[0206] FIG. 46A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-294 construct;
[0207] FIG. 46B shows the nucleotide sequence of the neutrophil
elastase linker region of pAP-294 (SEQ ID NO: 121);
[0208] FIG. 46C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-294 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 122);
[0209] FIG. 46D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of neutrophil elastase to wild type (SEQ
ID NOS: 127, 123);
[0210] FIG. 47A summarizes the cloning strategy used to generate
the pAP-296 construct;
[0211] FIG. 47B shows the nucleotide sequence of the calpain linker
region of pAP-296 (SEQ ID NO: 124);
[0212] FIG. 47C shows the DNA sequence of the pAP-296 insert (SEQ
ID NO: 125);
[0213] FIG. 47D shows the amino acid sequence comparison of mutant
preproricin linker region of calpain to wild type (SEQ ID NOS: 127,
126);
[0214] FIG. 48 is a blot showing cleavage of pAP-214 by Cathepsin
B;
[0215] FIG. 49 is a blot showing cleavage of pAP-220 with
MMP-9;
[0216] FIG. 50 is a blot showing activation of pAP-214; and
[0217] FIG. 51 is a blot showing activation of pAP-220.
[0218] FIG. 52 is a blot showing cleavage of pAP-248 with Human
Cytomegalovirus (HCMV).
[0219] FIG. 53 is a blot showing activation of pAP-248.
[0220] FIG. 54 is a blot showing cleavage of pAP-256 by HAV 3C.
[0221] FIG. 55 is a blot showing activation of pAP-256.
[0222] FIG. 56 is a semi-logithmic graph illustrating the
cytotoxicity to COS-1 cells of undigested pAP-214 and pAP-214
digestedwith Cathepsin B.
[0223] FIG. 57 is a semi-logithmic graph illustrating the
cytotoxicity of pAP-220 digested with MMP-9 compared to freshly
thawed pAP-220 and ricin on COS-1 cells.
[0224] FIG. 58 is a blot showing cleavage of pAP-270 with
MMP-2.
[0225] FIG. 59 is a blot showing activation of pAP-270.
[0226] FIG. 60 is a blot showing cleavage of pAP-288 by t-PA.
[0227] FIG. 61 is a blot showing activation of pAP-288.
[0228] FIG. 62 is a blot showing cleavage of pAP-294 with human
neutrophil elastase.
[0229] FIG. 63 is a blot showing activation of pAP-294.
[0230] FIG. 64 is a blot showing cleavage of pAP-296 with
calpain.
[0231] FIG. 65 is a blot showing activation of pAP-296.
[0232] FIG. 66 is a blot showing cleavage of pAP-222 with
MMP-2.
[0233] FIG. 67 is a blot showing activation of pAP-222.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Nucleic Acid Molecules of the Invention
[0234] As mentioned above, the present invention relates to novel
nucleic acid molecules comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an
A chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin and
a heterologous linker amino acid sequence, linking the A and B
chains. The heterologous linker sequence contains a cleavage
recognition site for a disease-specific protease (e.g. a viral
protease, parasitic protease, cancer-associated protease, or a
fungal protease).
[0235] The term "isolated and purified" as used herein refers to a
nucleic acid substantially free of cellular material or culture
medium when produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or chemical
precursors, or other chemicals when chemically synthesized. An
"isolated and purified" nucleic acid is also substantially free of
sequences which naturally flank the nucleic acid (i.e. sequences
located at the 5' and 3' ends of the nucleic acid) from which the
nucleic acid is derived. The term "nucleic acid" is intended to
include DNA and RNA and can be either double stranded or single
stranded.
[0236] The term "linker sequence" as used herein refers to an
internal amino acid sequence within the protein encoded by the
nucleic acid molecule of the invention which contains residues
linking the A and B chain so as to render the A chain incapable of
exerting its toxic effect, for example catalytically inhibiting
translation of a eukaryotic ribosome. By heterologous is meant that
the linker sequence is not a sequence native to the A or B chain of
a ricin-like toxin or precursor thereof. However, preferably, the
linker sequence may be of a similar length to the linker sequence
of a ricin-like toxin and should not interfere with the role of the
B chain in cell binding and transport into the cytoplasm. When the
linker sequence is cleaved the A chain becomes active or toxic.
[0237] The nucleic acid molecule of the invention is cloned by
subjecting a preproricin cDNA clone to site-directed mutagenesis in
order to generate a series of variants differing only in the
sequence between the A and B chains (linker region).
Oligonucleotides, corresponding to the extreme 5' and 3' ends of
the preproricin gene are synthesized and used to PCR amplify the
gene. Using the cDNA sequence for preproricin (Lamb et al., Eur. J.
Biochem. 145:266-270 (1985)), several oligonucleotide primers are
designed to flank the start and stop codons of the preproricin open
reading frame.
[0238] The preproricin cDNA is amplified using the upstream primer
Ricin-99 or Ricin-109 and the downstream primer Ricin1729C with
Vent DNA polymerase (New England Biolabs) using standard procedures
(Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second
Edition, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989)). The purified
PCR fragment encoding the preproricin cDNA is then ligated into an
Eco RI-digested pBluescript II SK plasmid (Stratagene), and is used
to transform competent XL1-Blue cells (Stratagene). The cloned PCR
product containing the putative preproricin gene is confirmed by
DNA sequencing of the entire cDNA clone. The sequences and location
of oligonucleotide primers used for sequencing are shown in Table
1.
[0239] The preproricin cDNA clone is subjected to site directed
mutagenesis in order to generate a series of variants differing
only in the sequence between the A and B chains (linker region).
The wild-type preproricin linker region is replaced with the
heterogenous linker sequences that are cleaved by the various
disease-specific proteases as shown in FIGS. 21, 26, 27, 28, and
Part D of FIGS. 30-47. Linker identification as used herein in
connection with the sequences provided in these figures have been
assigned the sequence ID numbers as discussed below.
[0240] The linker regions of the variants encode a cleavage
recognition sequence for a disease-specific protease associated
with for example, cancer, viruses, parasites, or fungii. The
mutagenesis and cloning strategy used to generate the
disease-specific protease-sensitive linker variants are summarized
in Part A of FIGS. 2-20, and Part A of FIGS. 22-25. The first step
involves a DNA amplification using a set of mutagenic primers in
combination with the two flanking primers Richin-99Eco or
Ricin-109Eco and Ricin1729C Pst I. Restriction digested PCR
fragments are gel purified and then ligated with PBluescript SK
which has been digested with Eco RI and Pst I. Ligation reactions
are used to transform competent XL1-Blue cells (Stratagene).
Recombinant clones are identified by restriction digests of plasmid
miniprep DNA and the mutant linker sequences are confirmed by DNA
sequencing. With respect to the nucleotide sequences and amino acid
sequences prepared as a result of the implementation of this
strategy the following sequences have been assigned the sequence ID
numbers as indicated.
[0241] SEQ ID NO. 1 is used herein in connection with the DNA
sequence of the baculovirus transfer vector, pVL1393.
[0242] The nucleotide sequence of Cathepsin B linker regions of
pAP-213 are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 2.
[0243] The nucleotide sequence of Cathepsin B linker regions of
pAP-214 are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 3.
[0244] The nucleotide sequence of MMP-3 linker regions of pAP-215
are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 4.
[0245] The DNA sequence of the pAP-216 insert containing ricin and
the MMP-3 linker are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 5.
[0246] The nucleotide sequence of MMP-7 linker regions of pAP-217
are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 6.
[0247] The DNA sequence of the pAP-218 insert containing ricin and
the MMP-7 linker are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 7.
[0248] The nucleotide sequence of MMP-9 linker regions of pAP-219
are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 8.
[0249] The DNA sequence of the pAP-220 insert containing ricin and
the MMP-9 are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 9.
[0250] The nucleotide sequence of thermolysin-like MMP linker
regions of pAP-221 are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 10.
[0251] The DNA sequence of pAP-222 insert containing ricin and the
thermolysin-like MMP linker are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
11.
[0252] The nucleotide sequence of Plasmodium falciparum-A linker
regions of pAP-223 are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 12.
[0253] The DNA sequence of the pAP-224 insert containing ricin and
the Plasmodium falciparum-A linker are referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 13.
[0254] The nucleotide sequence of Plasmodium falciparum-B linker
regions of pAP-225 are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 14.
[0255] The DNA sequence of the pAP-226 insert containing ricin and
the Plasmodium falciparum-B linker are referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 15.
[0256] The nucleotide sequence of Plasmodium falciparum-C linker
regions of pAP-227 are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 16.
[0257] The DNA sequence of the pAP-228 insert containing ricin and
the Plasmodium falciparum-C linker are referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 17.
[0258] The nucleotide sequence of the Plasmodium falciparum-D
linker regions of pAP-229 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
18.
[0259] The DNA sequence of the pAP-230 insert containing ricin and
the Plasmodium falciparum-D linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 19.
[0260] The nucleotide sequence of the Plasmodium falciparum-E
linker regions of pAP-231 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
20.
[0261] The DNA sequence of the pAP-232 insert containing ricin and
the Plasmodium falciparum-E linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 21.
[0262] The nucleotide sequence of the HSV-A linker regions of
pAP-233 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 22.
[0263] The DNA sequence of the pAP-234 insert containing ricin and
the HSV-A linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 23.
[0264] The nucleotide sequence of the HSV-B linker regions of
pAP-235 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 24.
[0265] The DNA sequence of the pAP-236 insert containing ricin and
the HSV-B linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 25.
[0266] The nucleotide sequence of the VZV-A linker regions of
pAP-237 are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 26.
[0267] The DNA sequence of the pAP-238 insert containing ricin and
the VZV-A linker are referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 27.
[0268] The nucleotide sequence of the VZV-B linker regions of
PAP-239 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 28.
[0269] The DNA sequence of the pAP-240 insert containing ricin and
the VZV-B linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 29.
[0270] The nucleotide sequence of the EBV-A linker regions of
pAP-241 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 30.
[0271] The DNA sequence of the pAP-242 insert containing ricin and
the EBV-A linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 31.
[0272] The nucleotide sequence of the EBV-B linker regions of
pAP-243 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 32.
[0273] The DNA sequence of the pAP-244 insert containing ricin and
the EBV-B linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 33.
[0274] The nucleotide sequence of the CMV-A linker regions of
pAP-245 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 34.
[0275] The DNA sequence of the pAP-246 insert containing ricin and
the CMV-A linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 35.
[0276] The nucleotide sequence of the CMV-B linker regions of
pAP-247 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 36.
[0277] The DNA sequence of the pAP-248 insert containing ricin and
the CMV-B linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 37.
[0278] The nucleotide sequence of the HHV-6 linker regions of
pAP-249 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 38.
[0279] The DNA sequence of the pAP-250 insert containing ricin and
the HHV-6 linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 39.
[0280] The amino acid sequences of the cancer protease-sensitive
amino acid linkers contained in the following pAP proteins have the
sequence ID numbers as indicated: pAP-213 and pAP-214 (SEQ ID NO.
40); pAP-215 and pAP-216 (SEQ ID NO. 41); pAP-217 and pAP-218; (SEQ
ID NO. 42); pAP-219 and pAP-220 (SEQ ID NO. 43); and pAP-221 and
pAP-222 (SEQ ID NO. 44).
[0281] The amino acid sequences of the following cancer
protease-sensitive linkers are referred to herein with the
corresponding sequence ID numbers: pAP-241 and pAP-242 (SEQ ID NO.
45); and pAP-243 and pAP-244 (SEQ ID NO. 46).
[0282] The nucleotide sequence of the ILV linker regions of pAP-253
is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 47.
[0283] The DNA sequence of the pAP-254 insert containing ricin and
the ILV linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 48.
[0284] The nucleotide sequence of the HAV-A linker regions of
pAP-257 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 49.
[0285] The DNA sequence of the pAP-258 insert containing ricin and
HAV-A linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 50.
[0286] The nucleotide sequence of the HAV-B linker regions of
pAP-255 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 51.
[0287] The DNA sequence of the pAP-256 insert containing ricin and
the HAV-B linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 52.
[0288] The nucleotide sequence of the CAN linker regions of pAP-259
is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 53.
[0289] The DNA sequence of the pAP-260 insert containing ricin and
the CAN linker is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 54.
[0290] The amino acid sequences of Plasmodium falciparum
protease-sensitive linkers are referred to herein by the sequence
ID numbers as follows: pAP-223 and pAP-224 (SEQ ID NO 55); pAP-225
and pAP-226 (SEQ ID NO 56); pAP-227 and pAP-228 (SEQ ID NO 57);
pAP-229 and pAP-230 (SEQ ID NO 58); and pAP-231 and pAP-232 (SEQ ID
NO 59) (see FIG. 26).
[0291] The amino acid sequences of the viral protease-sensitive
linkers which follow are referred to herein by the sequence ID
numbers indicated: pAP-233 and pAP 234 (SEQ ID NO 60); pAP-235 and
pAP-236 (SEQ ID NO 61); and pAP-249 and pAP-250 (SEQ ID NO 62) (see
FIG. 27).
[0292] The amino acid sequences of the viral protease-sensitive
linkers which follow are referred to herein by the sequence ID
numbers indicated: pAP-245 and pAP-246 (SEQ ID NO 63); and pAP-247
and pAP-248 (SEQ ID NO 64) (see FIG. 27).
[0293] The amino acid sequences of the viral protease-sensitive
linkers which follow are referred to herein by the sequence ID
numbers indicated: pAP-237 and pAP-238 (SEQ ID NO 65); and pAP-239
and pAP-240 (SEQ ID NO 66); pAP-253 and pAP-254 (SEQ ID NO 67);
pAP-255 and pAP-256 (SEQ ID NO 68); and pAP-257 and pAP-258 (SEQ ID
NO 69) (see FIG. 27).
[0294] The amino acid sequences of the Candida aspartic
protease-sensitive linkers are referred to herein by the sequence
ID numbers indicated: pAP-259 and pAP-260 (SEQ ID NO 70); pAP-261
and pAP-262 (SEQ ID NO 71); and pAP-263 and pAP-264 (SEQ ID NO
72).
[0295] An alternative mutagenesis and cloning strategy that can be
used to generate the disease-specific protease-sensitive linker
variants is summarized in FIG. 29. The first step of this method
involves a DNA amplification using a set of mutagenic primers in
combination with the two flanking primers Ricin-109Eco and
Ricin1729Pst. Restriction digested PCR fragments (Eco RI and Pst I)
are gel purified. Preproricin variants produced from this method
can be subcloned directly into the baculovirus transfer vector
digested with Eco RI and Pst I and intermediate ligation steps
involving pBluescript SK and pSB2 are circumvented. The cloning
strategies used to generate disease-specific protease-sensitive
linker variants are summarized in Part A of FIGS. 30 to 47. With
respect to the nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences
prepared as a result of the implementation of this strategy the
following sequences have been assigned the sequence ID numbers as
indicated.
[0296] The nucleotide sequence of the HCV-A linker region of
pAP-262 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 73.
[0297] The DNA sequence of the pAP-262 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 74.
[0298] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for HCV-A, pAP-262, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
75.
[0299] The nucleotide sequence of the HCV-B linker region of
pAP-264 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 76.
[0300] The DNA sequence of the pAP-264 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 77.
[0301] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for HCV-B, pAP-264, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
78.
[0302] The nucleotide sequence of the HCV-C linker region of
pAP-266 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 79.
[0303] The DNA sequence of the pAP-266 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 80.
[0304] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for HCV-C, pAP-266, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
81.
[0305] The nucleotide sequence of the HCV-D linker region of
pAP-268 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 82.
[0306] The DNA sequence of the pAP-268 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 83.
[0307] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for HCV-D, pAP-268, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
84.
[0308] The nucleotide sequence of the MMP-2 linker region of
pAP-270 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 85.
[0309] The DNA sequence of the pAP-270 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 86.
[0310] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for MMP-2, pAP-270, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
87.
[0311] The nucleotide acid sequence of the Cathepsin B (Site 2)
linker region of pAP-272 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
88.
[0312] The DNA sequence of the pAP-272 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 89.
[0313] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for Cathepsin B (Site 2), pAP-272, is referred to herein as
SEQ ID NO. 90.
[0314] The nucleotide sequence of the Cathepsin L linker region of
pAP-274 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 91.
[0315] The DNA sequence of the pAP-274 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 92.
[0316] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region of Cathepsin L, pAP-274, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
93.
[0317] The nucleotide sequence of Cathepsin D linker region of
pAP-276 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 94.
[0318] The DNA sequence of the pAP-276 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 95.
[0319] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for Cathepsin D, pAP-276, is referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 96.
[0320] The nucleotide sequence of the MMP-1 linker region of
pAP-278 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 97.
[0321] The DNA sequence of the pAP-278 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 98.
[0322] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for MMP-1, pAP-278, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
99.
[0323] The nucleotide sequence of the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen
Activator linker region of pAP-280 is referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 100.
[0324] The DNA sequene of the pAP-280 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 101.
[0325] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator, pAP-280, is
referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 102.
[0326] The nucleotide sequence of MT-MMP linker region of pAP-282
is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 103.
[0327] The DNA sequence of the pAP-282 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 104.
[0328] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for MT-MMP, pAP-282, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
105.
[0329] The nucleotide sequence of the MMP-11 linker region of
pAP-284 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 106.
[0330] The DNA sequence of the pAP-284 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 107.
[0331] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for MMP-11, pAP-284, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
108.
[0332] The nucleotide sequence of the MMP-13 linker region of
pAP-286 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 109.
[0333] The DNA sequence of the pAP-286 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 110.
[0334] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for MMP-13, pAP-286, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
111.
[0335] The nucleotide sequence of the Tissue-type Plasminogen
Activator linker region of pAP-288 is referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 112.
[0336] The DNA sequence of the pAP-288 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 113.
[0337] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator, pAP-288, is referred
to herein as SEQ ID NO. 114.
[0338] The nucleotide sequence of the human Prostate-Specific
Antigen linker region of pAP-290 is referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 115.
[0339] The DNA sequence of the pAP-290 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 116.
[0340] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for the human Prostate-Specific Antigen, pAP-290, is
referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 117.
[0341] The nucleotide sequence of the kallikrein linker region of
pAP-292 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 118.
[0342] The DNA sequence of the pAP-292 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 119.
[0343] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for the kallikrein, pAP-292, is referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 120.
[0344] The nucleotide sequence of the neutrophil elastase linker
region of pAP-294 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 121.
[0345] The DNA sequence of the pAP-294 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 122.
[0346] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for neutrophil elastase, pAP-294, is referred to herein as
SEQ ID NO. 123.
[0347] The nucleotide sequence of the calpain linker region of
pAP-296 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 124.
[0348] The DNA sequence of the pAP-296 insert is referred to herein
as SEQ ID NO. 125.
[0349] The amino acid sequence of the mutant preproricin linker
region for calpain, pAP-296, is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO.
126.
[0350] The amino acid sequence of the wild type linker region is
referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 127.
[0351] The nucleic acid molecule of the invention has sequences
encoding an A chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a
ricin-like toxin and a heterologous linker sequence containing a
cleavage recognition site for a disease-specific protease. The
nucleic acid may be expressed to provide a recombinant protein
having an A chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like
toxin and a heterologous linker sequence containing a cleavage
recognition site for a disease-specific protease.
[0352] The nucleic acid molecule may comprise the A and/or B chain
of ricin. The ricin gene has been cloned and sequenced, and the
X-ray crystal structures of the A and B chains are published
(Rutenber, E., et al. Proteins 10:240-250 (1991); Weston et al.,
Mol. Biol. 244:410-422 (1994); Lamb and Lord, Eur. J. Biochem.
14:265 (1985); Halling, K., et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 13:8019
(1985)). It will be appreciated that the invention includes nucleic
acid molecules encoding truncations of A and B chains of ricin like
proteins and analogs and homologs of A and B chains of ricin-like
proteins and truncations thereof (i.e., ricin-like proteins), as
described herein. It will further be appreciated that variant forms
of the nucleic acid molecules of the invention which arise by
alternative splicing of an mRNA corresponding to a cDNA of the
invention are encompassed by the invention.
[0353] Another aspect of the invention provides a nucleotide
sequence which hybridizes under high stringency conditions to a
nucleotide sequence encoding the A and/or B chains of a ricin-like
protein. Appropriate stringency conditions which promote DNA
hybridization are known to those skilled in the art, or can be
found in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley &
Sons, N.Y. (1989), 6.3.1 6.3.6. For example, 6.0.times. sodium
chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at about 45.degree. C., followed by a
wash of 2.0.times.SSC at 50.degree. C. may be employed. The
stringency may be selected based on the conditions used in the wash
step. By way of example, the salt concentration in the wash step
can be selected from a high stringency of about 0.2.times.SSC at
50.degree. C. In addition, the temperature in the wash step can be
at high stringency conditions, at about 65.degree. C.
[0354] The nucleic acid molecule may comprise the A and/or B chain
of a ricin-like toxin. Methods for cloning ricin-like toxins are
known in the art and are described, for example, in E.P. 466,222.
Sequences encoding ricin or ricin-like A and B chains may be
obtained by selective amplification of a coding region, using sets
of degenerative primers or probes for selectively amplifying the
coding region in a genomic or cDNA library. Appropriate primers may
be selected from the nucleic acid sequence of A and B chains of
ricin or ricin-like toxins. It is also possible to design synthetic
oligonucleotide primers from the nucleotide sequences for use in
PCR. Suitable primers may be selected from the sequences encoding
regions of ricin-like proteins which are highly conserved, as
described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,101,025 and E.P.
466,222.
[0355] A nucleic acid can be amplified from cDNA or genomic DNA
using these oligonucleotide primers and standard PCR amplification
techniques. The nucleic acid so amplified can be cloned into an
appropriate vector and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. It
will be appreciated that cDNA may be prepared from mRNA, by
isolating total cellular mRNA by a variety of techniques, for
example, by using the guanidinium-thiocyanate extraction procedure
of Chirgwin et al., Biochemistry 18, 5294-5299 (1979). cDNA is then
synthesized from the mRNA using reverse transcriptase (for example,
Moloney MLV reverse transcriptase available from Gibco/BRL,
Bethesda, Md., or AMV reverse transcriptase available from
Seikagaku America, Inc., St. Petersburg, Fla.). It will be
appreciated that the methods described above may be used to obtain
the coding sequence from plants, bacteria or fungi, preferably
plants, which produce known ricin-like proteins and also to screen
for the presence of genes encoding as yet unknown ricin-like
proteins.
[0356] A sequence containing a cleavage recognition site for a
specific protease may be selected based on the disease or the
pathogen which is to be targeted by the recombinant protein. The
cleavage recognition site may be selected from sequences known to
encode a cleavage recognition site for the cancer, viral or
parasitic protease. Sequences encoding cleavage recognition sites
may be identified by testing the expression product of the sequence
for susceptibility to cleavage by the respective protease.
[0357] A sequence containing a cleavage recognition site for a
viral, fungal, parasitic or cancer associated protease may be
selected based on the retrovirus which is to be targeted by the
recombinant protein. The cleavage recognition site may be selected
from sequences known to encode a cleavage recognition site for the
viral, fungal, parasitic or cancer associated protease. Sequences
encoding cleavage recognition sites may be identified by testing
the expression product of the sequence for susceptibility to
cleavage by a viral, fungal, parasitic or cancer associated
protease. A polypeptide containing the suspected cleavage
recognition site may be incubated with a protease and the amount of
cleavage product determined (DiIannit, 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 285:
17345-17354 (1990)).
[0358] The protease may be prepared by methods known in the art and
used to test suspected cleavage recognition sites.
[0359] In one embodiment, the preparation of tumour-associated
cathepsin B, its substrates and enzymatic activity assay
methodology have been described by Sloane, B. F. et al. (Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:2483-2487 (1986)), Schwartz, M. K. (Clin.
Chim. Acta 237:67-78 (1995)), and Panchal, R. G. et al. (Nature
Biotechnol. 14:852-856 (1996)).--The preparation of Epstein-Barr
virus protease, its substrates and enzymatic activity assay
methodology have been described by Welch, A. R. (Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 88:10792-10796 (1991)).
[0360] In another embodiment, the preparation of Plasmodium
falciparum proteases, their substrates and enzymatic activity assay
methodology have been described by Goldberg, D. E. et al. (J. Exp.
Med. 173:961-969 (1991)), Cooper & Bujard (Mol. Biochem.
Parasitol. 56:151-160 (1992)), Nwagwu, M. et al. (Exp. Parasitol.
75:399-414 (1992)), Rosenthal, P. J. et al. (J. Clin. Invest.
91:1052-1056 (1993)), Blackman, M. J. et al. (Mol. Biochem.
Parasitol. 62:103-114 (1995)).
[0361] In a further embodiment, the preparation of proteases from
human cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus, varicalla zoster virus
and infectious laryngotracheitis virus have been taught by Liu F.
& Roizman, B. (J. Virol. 65:5149-5156 (1991)) and Welch, A. R.
(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10792-10796 (1991)). In addition,
their respective substrates and enzymatic activity assay
methodologies are also described.
[0362] In another embodiment, the preparation of hepatitis A virus
protease, its substrates and enzymatic activity assay methodology
have been described by Jewell, D. A. et al. (Biochemistry
31:7862-7869 (1992)). The preparation of poliovirus protease, its
substrates and enzymatic activity assay methodology have been
described by Weidner, J. R. et al. (Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
286:402-408 (1991)). The preparation of human rhinovirus protease,
its substrates and enzymatic activity assay methodology have been
described by Long, A. C. et al. (FEBS Lett. 258:75-78 (1989)).
[0363] In another embodiment of the invention, the preparation of
proteases associated with Candida yeasts their substrates and
enzymatic activity are contemplated, including the aspartic
proteinases which have been associated specifically with numerous
virulent strains of Candida including Candida albican, Candida
tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis (Abad-Zapatero, C. et al.,
Protein Sci. 5:640-652 (1996); Cutfield, S. M. et al., Biochemistry
35:398-410 (1995); Ruchel, R. et al, Zentralbl. Bakteriol.
Mikrobiol Hyg. I Abt. Orig. A. 255:537-548 (1983); Remold, H. et
al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 167:399-406 (1968)).
[0364] The nucleic acid molecule of the invention may be prepared
by site directed mutagenesis. For example, the cleavage site of a
disease-specific protease may be prepared by site directed
mutagenesis of the homologous linker sequence of a proricin-like
toxin. Procedures for cloning proricin-like genes, encoding a
linker sequence are described in EP 466,222. Site directed
mutagenesis may be accomplished by DNA amplification of mutagenic
primers in combination with flanking primers. Suitable procedures
using the mutagenic primers are shown in Parts A and B of FIGS.
1-4, FIGS. 13-16, FIGS. 18-36, FIGS. 38-41, and FIGS. 50-67.
[0365] The nucleic acid molecule of the invention may also encode a
fusion protein. A sequence encoding a heterologous linker sequence
containing a cleavage recognition site for a disease-specific
protease may be cloned from a cDNA or genomic library or chemically
synthesized based on the known sequence of such cleavage sites. The
heterologous linker sequence may then be fused in frame with the
sequences encoding the A and B chains of the ricin-like toxin for
expression as a fusion protein. It will be appreciated that a
nucleic acid molecule encoding a fusion protein may contain a
sequence encoding an A chain and a B chain from the same ricin-like
toxin or the encoded A and B chains may be from different toxins.
For example, the A chain may be derived from ricin and the B chain
may be derived from abrin. A protein may also be prepared by
chemical conjugation of the A and B chains and linker sequence
using conventional coupling agents for covalent attachment.
[0366] An isolated and purified nucleic acid molecule of the
invention which is RNA can be isolated by cloning a cDNA encoding
an A and B chain and a linker into an appropriate vector which
allows for transcription of the cDNA to produce an RNA molecule
which encodes a protein of the invention. For example, a cDNA can
be cloned downstream of a bacteriophage promoter, (e.g. a T7
promoter) in a vector, cDNA can be transcribed in vitro with T7
polymerase, and the resultant RNA can be isolated by standard
techniques.
Recombinant Protein of the Invention
[0367] As previously mentioned, the invention provides novel
recombinant proteins which incorporate the A and B chains of a
ricin like toxin linked by a heterologous linker sequence
containing a cleavage recognition site for a disease-specific
protease. It is an advantage of the recombinant proteins of the
invention that they are non-toxic until the A chain is liberated
from the B chain by specific cleavage of the linker by the target
protease.
[0368] Thus the protein may be used to specifically target cancer
cells or cells infected with a virus or parasite in the absence of
additional specific cell-binding components to target infected
cells. It is a further advantage that the disease-specific protease
cleaves the heterologous linker intracellularly thereby releasing
the toxic A chain directly into the cytoplasm of the cancer cell or
infected cell. As a result, said cells are specifically targeted
and non-infected normal cells are not directly exposed to the
activated free A chain.
[0369] Ricin is a plant derived ribosome inhibiting protein which
blocks protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Ricin may be derived
from the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor oil plant). The ricin
toxin is a glycosylated heterodimer with A and B chain molecular
masses of 30,625 Da and 31,431 Da respectively. The A chain of
ricin has an N-glycosidase activity and catalyzes the excision of a
specific adenine residue from the 28S rRNA of eukaryotic ribosomes
(Endo, Y; & Tsurugi, K. J. Biol. Chem. 262:8128 (1987)). The B
chain of ricin, although not toxic in itself, promotes the toxicity
of the A chain by binding to galactose residues on the surface of
eukaryotic cells and stimulating receptor-mediated endocytosis of
the toxin molecule (Simmons et al., Biol. Chem. 261:7912
(1986)).
[0370] All protein toxins are initially produced in an inactive,
precursor form. Ricin is initially produced as a single polypeptide
(preproricin) with a 35 amino acid N-terminal presequence and 12
amino acid linker between the A and B chains. The pre-sequence is
removed during translocation of the ricin precursor into the
endoplasmic reticulum (Lord, J. M., Eur. J. Biochem. 146:403-409
(1985) and Lord, J. M., Eur. J. Biochem. 146:411-416 (1985)). The
proricin is then translocated into specialized organelles called
protein bodies where a plant protease cleaves the protein at a
linker region between the A and B chains (Lord, J. M. et al., FASAB
Journal 8:201-208 (1994)). The two chains, however, remain
covalently attached by an interchain disulfide bond (cysteine 259
in the A chain to cysteine 4 in the B chain) and mature disulfide
linked ricin is stored in protein bodies inside plant cells. The A
chain is inactive in the proricin (O'Hare, M., et al., FEBS Lett.
273:200-204 (1990)) and it is inactive in the disulfide-linked
mature ricin (Richardson, P. T. et al., FEBS Lett. 255:15-20
(1989)). The ribosomes of the castor bean plant are themselves
susceptible to inactivation by ricin A chain; however, as there is
no cell surface galactose to permit B chain recognition the A chain
cannot re-enter the cell.
[0371] Ricin-like proteins include, but are not limited to,
bacterial, fungal and plant toxins which have A and B chains and
inactivate ribosomes and inhibit protein synthesis. The A chain is
an active polypeptide subunit which is responsible for the
pharmacologic effect of the toxin. In most cases the active
component of the A chain is an enzyme. The B chain is responsible
for binding the toxin to the cell surface and is thought to
facilitate entry of the A chain into the cell cytoplasm. The A and
B chains in the mature toxins are linked by disulfide bonds. The
toxins most similar in structure to ricin are plant toxins which
have one A chain and one B chain. Examples of such toxins include
abrin which may be isolated from the seeds of Abrus precatorius and
modeccin.
[0372] Ricin-like bacterial proteins include diphtheria toxin,
which is produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Pseudomonas
enterotoxin A and cholera toxin. It will be appreciated that the
term ricin-like toxins is also intended to include the A chain of
those toxins which have only an A chain. The recombinant proteins
of the invention could include the A chain of these toxins
conjugated to, or expressed as, a recombinant protein with the B
chain of another toxin. Examples of plant toxins having only an A
chain include trichosanthin, MMC and pokeweed antiviral proteins,
dianthin 30, dianthin 32, crotin II, curcin II and wheat germ
inhibitor. Examples of fungal toxins having only an A chain include
alpha-sarcin, restrictocin, mitogillin, enomycin, phenomycin.
Examples of bacterial toxins having only an A chain include
cytotoxin from Shigella dysenteriae and related Shiga-like toxins.
Recombinant trichosanthin and the coding sequence thereof is
disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,101,025 and 5,128,460.
[0373] In addition to the entire A or B chains of a ricin-like
toxin, it will be appreciated that the recombinant protein of the
invention may contain only that portion of the A chain which is
necessary for exerting its cytotoxic effect. For example, the first
30 amino acids of the ricin A chain may be removed resulting in a
truncated A chain which retains toxic activity. The truncated ricin
or ricin-like A chain may be prepared by expression of a truncated
gene or by proteolytic degradation, for example with Nagarase
(Funmatsu et al., Jap. J. Med. Sci. Biol. 23:264-267 (1970)).
Similarly, the recombinant protein of the invention may contain
only that portion of the B chain necessary for galactose
recognition, cell binding and transport into the cell cytoplasm.
Truncated B chains are described for example in E.P. 145,111. The A
and B chains may be glycosylated or non-glycosylated. Glycosylated
A and B chains may be obtained by expression in the appropriate
host cell capable of glycosylation. Non-glycosylated chains may be
obtained by expression in nonglycosylating host cells or by
treatment to remove or destroy the carbohydrate moieties.
[0374] The proteins of the invention may be prepared using
recombinant DNA methods. Accordingly, the nucleic acid molecules of
the present invention may be incorporated in a known manner into an
appropriate expression vector which ensures good expression of the
protein. Possible expression vectors include but are not limited to
cosmids, plasmids, or modified viruses (e.g. replication defective
retroviruses, adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses), so long
as the vector is compatible with the host cell used. The expression
vectors are "suitable for transformation of a host cell", which
means that the expression vectors contain a nucleic acid molecule
of the invention and regulatory sequences selected on the basis of
the host cells to be used for expression, which is operatively
linked to the nucleic acid molecule. Operatively linked is intended
to mean that the nucleic acid is linked to regulatory sequences in
a manner which allows expression of the nucleic acid.
[0375] The invention therefore contemplates a recombinant
expression vector of the invention containing a nucleic acid
molecule of the invention, or a fragment thereof, and the necessary
regulatory sequences for the transcription and translation of the
inserted protein-sequence.
[0376] Suitable regulatory sequences may be derived from a variety
of sources, including bacterial, fungal, viral, mammalian, or
insect genes (For example, see the regulatory sequences described
in Goeddel, Gene Expression Technology: Methods in Enzymology 185,
Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. (1990). Selection of appropriate
regulatory sequences is dependent on the host cell chosen as
discussed below, and may be readily accomplished by one of ordinary
skill in the art. Examples of such regulatory sequences include: a
transcriptional promoter and enhancer or RNA polymerase binding
sequence, a ribosomal binding sequence, including a translation
initiation signal. Additionally, depending on the host cell chosen
and the vector employed, other sequences, such as an origin of
replication, additional DNA restriction sites, enhancers, and
sequences conferring inducibility of transcription may be
incorporated into the expression vector. It will also be
appreciated that the necessary regulatory sequences may be supplied
by the native A and B chains and/or its flanking regions.
[0377] The recombinant expression vectors of the invention may also
contain a selectable marker gene which facilitates the selection of
host cells transformed or transfected with a recombinant molecule
of the invention. Examples of selectable marker genes are genes
encoding a protein such as G418 and hygromycin which confer
resistance to certain drugs, .beta.-galactosidase, chloramphenicol
acetyltransferase, firefly luciferase, or an immunoglobulin or
portion thereof such as the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin
preferably IgG. Transcription of the selectable marker gene is
monitored by changes in the concentration of the selectable marker
protein such as .beta.-galactosidase, chloramphenicol
acetyltransferase, or firefly luciferase. If the selectable marker
gene encodes a protein conferring antibiotic resistance such as
neomycin resistance transformant cells can be selected with G418.
Cells that have incorporated the selectable marker gene will
survive, while the other cells die. This makes it possible to
visualize and assay for expression of recombinant expression
vectors of the invention and in particular to determine the effect
of a mutation on expression and phenotype. It will be appreciated
that selectable markers can be introduced on a separate vector from
the nucleic acid of interest.
[0378] The recombinant expression vectors may also contain genes
which encode a fusion moiety which provides increased expression of
the recombinant protein; increased solubility of the recombinant
protein; and aid in the purification of the target recombinant
protein by acting as a ligand in affinity purification. For
example, a proteolytic cleavage site may be added to the target
recombinant protein to allow separation of the recombinant protein
from the fusion moiety subsequent to purification of the fusion
protein. Typical fusion expression vectors include pGEX (Amrad
Corp., Melbourne, Australia), pMAL (New England Biolabs, Beverly,
Mass.) and pRIT5 (Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.) which fuse
glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose E binding protein, or
protein A, respectively, to the recombinant protein.
[0379] Recombinant expression vectors can be introduced into host
cells to produce a transformant host cell. The term "transformant
host cell" is intended to include prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
which have been transformed or transfected with a recombinant
expression vector of the invention. The terms "transformed with",
"transfected with", "transformation" and "transfection" are
intended to encompass introduction of nucleic acid (e.g. a vector)
into a cell by one of many possible techniques known in the art.
Prokaryotic cells can be transformed with nucleic acid by, for
example, electroporation or calcium-chloride mediated
transformation. Nucleic acid can be introduced into mammalian cells
via conventional techniques such as calcium phosphate or calcium
chloride co-precipitation, diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-dextran)
mediated transfection, lipofectin, electroporation or
microinjection. Suitable methods for transforming and transfecting
host cells can be found in Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning: A
Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory press
(1989)), and other laboratory textbooks.
[0380] Suitable host cells include a wide variety of prokaryotic
and eukaryotic host cells. For example, the proteins of the
invention may be expressed in bacterial cells such as E. coli,
insect cells (using baculovirus), yeast cells or mammalian cells.
Other suitable host cells can be found in Goeddel, Gene Expression
Technology: Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego,
Calif. (1991).
[0381] More particularly, bacterial host cells suitable for
carrying out the present invention include E. coli, B. subtilis,
Salmonella typhimurium, and various species within the genus'
Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Staphylococcus, as well as many
other bacterial species well known to one of ordinary skill in the
art. Suitable bacterial expression vectors preferably comprise a
promoter which functions in the host cell, one or more selectable
phenotypic markers, and a bacterial origin of replication.
Representative promoters include the .beta.-lactamase
(penicillinase) and lactose promoter system (see Chang et al.,
Nature 275:615 (1978)), the trp promoter (Nichols and Yanofsky,
Meth in Enzymology 101:155, (1983) and the tac promoter (Russell et
al., Gene 20: 231, (1982)). Representative selectable markers
include various antibiotic resistance markers such as the kanamycin
or ampicillin resistance genes. Suitable expression vectors include
but are not limited to bacteriophages such as lambda derivatives or
plasmids such as pBR322 (Bolivar et al., Gene 2:9 S, (1977)), the
pUC plasmids pUC18, pUC19, pUC118, pUC119 (see Messing, Meth in
Enzymology 101:20-77, 1983 and Vieira and Messing, Gene 19:259-268
(1982)), and pNH8A, pNH16a, pNH18a, and Bluescript M13 (Stratagene,
La Jolla, Calif.). Typical fusion expression vectors which may be
used are discussed above, e.g. pGEX (Amrad Corp., Melbourne,
Australia), pMAL (New England Biolabs, Beverly, Mass.) and pRIT5
(Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.). Examples of inducible non-fusion
expression vectors include pTrc (Amann et al., Gene 69:301-315
(1988)) and pET 11d (Studier et al., Gene Expression Technology
Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., 60-89
(1990)).
[0382] Yeast and fungi host cells suitable for carrying out the
present invention include, but are not limited to Saccharomyces
cerevisae, the genera Pichia or Kluyveromyces and various species
of the genus Aspergillus. Examples of vectors for expression in
yeast S. cerivisae include pYepSec1 (Baldari. et al., Embo J.
6:229-234 (1987)), pMFa (Kurjan and Herskowitz, Cell 30:933-943
(1982)), pJRY 88 (Schultz et al., Gene 54:113-123 (1987)), and
pYES2 (Invitrogen Corporation, San Diego, Calif.). Protocols for
the transformation of yeast and fungi are well known to those of
ordinary skill in the art. (see Hinnen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 75:1929 (1978); Itoh et al., J. Bacteriology 153:163
(1983), and Cullen et al. (Bio/Technology 5:369 (1987)).
[0383] Mammalian cells suitable for carrying out the present
invention include, among others: COS (e.g., ATCC No. CRL 1650 or
1651), BHK (e.g. ATCC No. CRL 6281), CHO (ATCC No. CCL 61), HeLa
(e.g., ATCC No. CCL 2), 293 (ATCC No. 1573) and NS-1 cells.
Suitable expression vectors for directing expression in mammalian
cells generally include a promoter (e.g., derived from viral
material such as polyoma, Adenovirus 2, cytomegalovirus and Simian
Virus 40), as well as other transcriptional and translational
control sequences. Examples of mammalian expression vectors include
pCDM8 (Seed, B., Nature 329:840 (1987)) and pMT2PC (Kaufman et al.,
EMBO J. 6:187-195 (1987)).
[0384] Given the teachings provided herein, promoters, terminators,
and methods for introducing expression vectors of an appropriate
type into plant, avian, and insect cells may also be readily
accomplished. For example, within one embodiment, the proteins of
the invention may be expressed from plant cells (see Sinkar et al.,
J. Biosci (Bangalore) 11:47-58 (1987), which reviews the use of
Agrobacterium rhizogenes vectors; see also Zambryski et al.,
Genetic Engineering, Principles and Methods, Hollaender and Setlow
(eds.), Vol. VI, pp. 253-278, Plenum Press, New York (1984), which
describes the use of expression vectors for plant cells, including,
among others, pAS2022, pAS2023, and pAS2034).
[0385] Insect cells suitable for carrying out the present invention
include cells and cell lines from Bombyx, Trichoplusia or Spodotera
species. Baculovirus vectors available for expression of proteins
in cultured insect cells (SF 9 cells) include the pAc series (Smith
et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:2156-2165 (1983)) and the pVL series
(Lucklow, V. A., and Summers, M. D., Virology 170:31-39 (1989)).
Some baculovirus-insect cell expression systems suitable for
expression of the recombinant proteins of the invention are
described in PCT/US/02442.
[0386] Alternatively, the proteins of the invention may also be
expressed in non-human transgenic animals such as, rats, rabbits,
sheep and pigs (Hammer et al. Nature 315:680-683 (1985); Palmiter
et al. Science 222:809-814 (1983); Brinster et al. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 82:4438-4442 (1985); Palmiter and Brinster Cell
41:343-345 (1985) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,866).
[0387] The proteins of the invention may also be prepared by
chemical synthesis using techniques well known in the chemistry of
proteins such as solid phase synthesis (Merrifield, J. Am. Chem.
Assoc. 85:2149-2154 (1964)) or synthesis in homogenous solution
(Houbenweyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, ed. E. Wansch, Vol. 15 I
and II, Thieme, Stuttgart (1987)).
[0388] The present invention also provides proteins comprising an A
chain of a ricin-like toxin, a B chain of a ricin-like toxin and a
heterologous linker amino acid sequence linking the A and B chains,
wherein the linker sequence contains a cleavage recognition site
for a disease-specific protease. Such a protein could be prepared
other than by recombinant means, for example by chemical synthesis
or by conjugation of A and B chains and a linker sequence isolated
and purified from their natural plant, fungal or bacterial source.
Such A and B chains could be prepared having the glycosylation
pattern of the native ricin-like toxin.
[0389] N-terminal or C-terminal fusion proteins comprising the
protein of the invention conjugated with other molecules, such as
proteins may be prepared by fusing, through recombinant techniques.
The resultant fusion proteins contain a protein of the invention
fused to the selected protein or marker protein as described
herein. The recombinant protein of the invention may also be
conjugated to other proteins by known techniques. For example, the
proteins may be coupled using heterobifunctional thiol-containing
linkers as described in WO 90/10457,
N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio-proprionate) or N-succinimidyl-5
thioacetate. Examples of proteins which may be used to prepare
fusion proteins or conjugates include cell binding proteins such as
immunoglobulins, hormones, growth factors, lectins, insulin, low
density lipoprotein, glucagon, endorphins, transferrin, bombesin,
asialoglycoprotein glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hemagglutinin
(HA), and truncated myc.
Utility of the Nucleic Acid Molecules and Proteins of the
Invention
[0390] The proteins of the invention may be used to specifically
inhibit or destroy mammalian cells affected by a disease or
infection which have associated with such cells a specific
protease, i.e., disease-specific, for example cancer cells or cells
infected with a virus, fungus or parasite, all of which are
encompased within the term "disease-specific." It is an advantage
of the recombinant proteins of the invention that they have
specificity for said cells without the need for a cell binding
component. The ricin-like B chain of the recombinant proteins
recognize galactose moieties on the cell surface and ensure that
the protein is taken up by the diseased cell and released into the
cytoplasm. When the protein is internalized into a non-infected
cell, cleavage of the heterologous linker would not occur in the
absence of the disease-specific protease and the A chain will
remain inactive bound to the B chain. Conversely, when the protein
is internalized into a diseased cell, the disease-specific protease
will cleave the cleavage recognition site in the linker thereby
releasing the toxic A chain.
[0391] The specificity of a recombinant protein of the invention
may be tested by treating the protein with the disease-specific
protease which is thought to be specific for the cleavage
recognition site of the linker and assaying for cleavage products.
Disease-specific proteases may be isolated from cancer cells or
infected cells, or they may be prepared recombinantly, for example
following the procedures in Darket et al. (J. Biol. Chem.
254:2307-2312 (1988)). The cleavage products may be identified for
example based on size, antigenicity or activity. The toxicity of
the recombinant protein may be investigated by subjecting the
cleavage products to an in vitro translation assay in cell lysates,
for example using Brome Mosaic Virus mRNA as a template. Toxicity
of the cleavage products may be determined using a ribosomal
inactivation assay (Westby et al., Bioconjugate Chem. 3:377-382
(1992)). The effect of the cleavage products on protein synthesis
may be measured in standardized assays of in vitro translation
utilizing partially defined cell free systems composed for example
of a reticulocyte lysate preparation as a source of ribosomes and
various essential cofactors, such as mRNA template and amino acids.
Use of radiolabelled amino acids in the mixture allows quantitation
of incorporation of free amino acid precursors into trichloroacetic
acid precipitable proteins. Rabbit reticulocyte lysates may be
conveniently used (O'Hare, FEBS Lett. 273:200-204 (1990)).
[0392] The ability of the recombinant proteins of the invention to
selectively inhibit or destroy animal cancer cells or cells
infected with a virus or parasite may be readily tested in vitro
using animal cancer cell lines or cell cultures infected with the
virus or parasite of interest. The selective inhibitory effect of
the recombinant proteins of the invention may be determined, for
example, by demonstrating the selective inhibition of viral antigen
expression in infected mammalian cells, the selective inhibition of
general mRNA translation and protein synthesis in diseased cells,
or selective inhibition of cellular proliferation in cancer cells
or infected cells.
[0393] Toxicity may also be measured based on cell viability, for
example the viability of infected and non-infected cell cultures
exposed to the recombinant protein may be compared. Cell viability
may be assessed by known techniques, such as trypan blue exclusion
assays.
[0394] In another example, a number of models may be used to test
the cytotoxicity of recombinant proteins having a heterologous
linker sequence containing a cleavage recognition site for a
cancer-associated matrix metalloprotease. Thompson, E. W. et al.
(Breast Cancer Res. Treatment 31:357-370 (1994)) has described a
model for the determination of invasiveness of human breast cancer
cells in vitro by measuring tumour cell-mediated proteolysis of
extracellular matrix and tumour cell invasion of reconstituted
basement membrane (collagen, laminin, fibronectin, Matrigel or
gelatin). Other applicable cancer cell models include cultured
ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (Young, T. N. et al. Gynecol. Oncol.
62:89-99 (1996); Moore, D. H. et al. Gynecol. Oncol. 65:78-82
(1997)), human follicular thyroid cancer cells (Demeure, M. J. et
al., World J. Surg. 16:770-776 (1992)), human melanoma (A-2058) and
fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cell lines (Mackay, A. R. et al. Lab.
Invest. 70:781-783 (1994)), and lung squamous (HS-24) and
adenocarcinoma (SB-3) cell lines (Spiess, E. et al. J. Histochem.
Cytochem. 42:917-929 (1994)). An in vivo test system involving the
implantation of tumours and measurement of tumour growth and
metastasis in athymic nude mice has also been described (Thompson,
E. W. et al., Breast Cancer Res. Treatment 31:357-370 (1994); Shi,
Y. E. et al., Cancer Res. 53:1409-1415 (1993)).
[0395] A further model may be used to test the cytotoxicity of
recombinant proteins having a heterologous linker sequence
containing a cleavage recognition site for a cancer-associated
Cathepsin B protease is provided in human glioma (Mikkelsen, T. et
al. J. Neurosurge, 83:285-290 (1995)).
[0396] Similarly, the cytotoxicity of recombinant proteins having a
heterologous linker sequence containing a cleavage recognition site
for a malarial protease may be tested by a Plasmodium invasion
assay using human erythrocytes infected with mature-stage merozoite
parasites as described by McPherson, R. A. et al. (Mol. Biochem.
Parasitol. 62:233-242 (1993)). Alternatively, in vitro cultures of
human hepatic parenchymal cells may be used to evaluate schizont
infectivity and Plasmodium merozoite generation.
[0397] With respect to models of viral infection and replication,
suitable animal cells which can be cultured in vitro and which are
capable of maintaining viral replication can be used as hosts. The
toxicity of the recombinant protein for infected and non-infected
cultures may then be compared. The ability of the recombinant
protein of the invention to inhibit the expression of these viral
antigens may be an important indicator of the ability of the
protein to inhibit viral replication. Levels of these antigens may
be measured in assays using labelled antibodies having specificity
for the antigens. Inhibition of viral antigen expression has been
correlated with inhibition of viral replication (U.S. Pat. No.
4,869,903). Toxicity may also be assessed based on a decrease in
protein synthesis in target cells, which may be measured by known
techniques, such as incorporation of labelled amino acids, such as
[3H] leucine (O'Hare et al., FEBS Lett. 273:200-204 (1990)).
Infected cells may also be pulsed with radiolabelled thymidine and
incorporation of the radioactive label into cellular DNA may be
taken as a measure of cellular proliferation. Toxicity may also be
measured based on cell death or lysis, for example, the viability
of infected and non-infected cell cultures exposed to the
recombinant protein may be compared. Cell viability may be assessed
by known techniques, such as trypan blue exclusion assays.
[0398] Although the primary specificity of the proteins of the
invention for diseased cells is mediated by the specific cleavage
of the cleavage recognition site of the linker, it will be
appreciated that specific cell binding components may optionally be
conjugated to the proteins of the invention. Such cell binding
components may be expressed as fusion proteins with the proteins of
the invention or the cell binding component may be physically or
chemically coupled to the protein component. Examples of suitable
cell binding components include antibodies to cancer, viral or
parasitic proteins.
[0399] Antibodies having specificity for a cell surface protein may
be prepared by conventional methods. A mammal, (e.g. a mouse,
hamster, or rabbit) can be immunized with an immunogenic form of
the peptide which elicits an antibody response in the mammal.
Techniques for conferring immunogenicity on a peptide include
conjugation to carriers or other techniques well known in the art.
For example, the peptide can be administered in the presence of
adjuvant. The progress of immunization can be monitored by
detection of antibody titers in plasma or serum. Standard ELISA or
other immunoassay procedures can be used with the immunogen as
antigen to assess the levels of antibodies. Following immunization,
antisera can be obtained and, if desired, polyclonal antibodies
isolated from the sera.
[0400] To produce monoclonal antibodies, antibody producing cells
(lymphocytes) can be harvested from an immunized animal and fused
with myeloma cells by standard somatic cell fusion procedures thus
immortalizing these cells and yielding hybridoma cells. Such
techniques are well known in the art, (e.g. the hybridoma technique
originally developed by Kohler and Milstein (Nature 256:495-497
(1975)) as well as other techniques such as the human B-cell
hybridoma technique (Kozbor et al., Immunol. Today 4:72 (1983)),
the EBV-hybridoma technique to produce human monoclonal antibodies
(Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Therapy Allen R.,
Bliss, Inc., pages 77-96 (1985)), and screening of combinatorial
antibody libraries (Huse et al., Science 246:1275 (1989)).
Hybridoma cells can be screened immunochemically for production of
antibodies specifically reactive with the peptide and the
monoclonal antibodies can be isolated.
[0401] The term "antibody" as used herein is intended to include
fragments thereof which also specifically react with a cell surface
component. Antibodies can be fragmented using conventional
techniques and the fragments screened for utility in the same
manner as described above. For example, F(ab')2 fragments can be
generated by treating antibody with pepsin. The resulting F(ab')2
fragment can be treated to reduce disulfide bridges to produce Fab'
fragments.
[0402] Chimeric antibody derivatives, i.e., antibody molecules that
combine a non-human animal variable region and a human constant
region are also contemplated within the scope of the invention.
Chimeric antibody molecules can include, for example, the antigen
binding domain from an antibody of a mouse, rat, or other species,
with human constant regions. Conventional methods may be used to
make chimeric antibodies containing the immunoglobulin variable
region which recognizes a cell surface antigen (See, for example,
Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:6851 (1985);
Takeda et al., Nature 314:452 (1985), Cabilly et al., U.S. Pat. No.
4,816,567; Boss et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,397; Tanaguchi et al.,
E.P. Patent No. 171,496; European Patent No. 173,494, United
Kingdom Patent No. GB 2177096B). It is expected that chimeric
antibodies would be less immunogenic in a human subject than the
corresponding non-chimeric antibody.
[0403] Monoclonal or chimeric antibodies specifically reactive
against cell surface components can be further humanized by
producing human constant region chimeras, in which parts of the
variable regions, particularly the conserved framework regions of
the antigen-binding domain, are of human origin and only the
hypervariable regions are of non-human origin. Such immunoglobulin
molecules may be made by techniques known in the art, (e.g. Teng et
al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 80:7308-7312 (1983); Kozbor et
al., Immunology Today 4:7279 (1983); Olsson et al., Meth. Enzymol.,
92:3-16 (1982), and PCT Publication WO92/06193 or EP 239,400).
Humanized antibodies can also be commercially produced (Scotgen
Limited, 2 Holly Road, Twickenham, Middlesex, Great Britain.)
[0404] Specific antibodies, or antibody fragments, reactive against
cell surface components may also be generated by screening
expression libraries encoding immunoglobulin genes, or portions
thereof, expressed in bacteria with cell surface components. For
example, complete Fab fragments, VH regions and FV regions can be
expressed in bacteria using phage expression libraries (See for
example Ward et al., Nature 341:544-546 (1989); Huse et al.,
Science 246:1275-1281 (1989); and McCafferty et al., Nature
348:552-554 (1990)). Alternatively, a SCID-hu mouse, for example
the model developed by Genpharm, can be used to produce antibodies,
or fragments thereof.
[0405] The proteins of the invention may be formulated into
pharmaceutical compositions for administration to subjects in a
biologically compatible form suitable for administration in vivo.
By "biologically compatible form suitable for administration in
vivo" is meant a form of the substance to be administered in which
any toxic effects are outweighed by the therapeutic effects. The
substances may be administered to living organisms including
humans, and animals. Administration of a therapeutically active
amount of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention
is defined as an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of
time necessary to achieve the desired result. For example, a
therapeutically active amount of a substance may vary according to
factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the
individual, and the ability of antibody to elicit a desired
response in the individual. Dosage regime may be adjusted to
provide the optimum therapeutic response. For example, several
divided doses may be administered daily or the dose may be
proportionally reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the
therapeutic situation.
[0406] The nucleic acid molecules of the invention may be
formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for administration to
subjects in a biologically compatible form suitable for
administration in vivo. By "biologically compatible form suitable
for administration in vivo" is meant a form of the substance to be
administered in which any toxic effects are outweighed by the
therapeutic effects. The substances may be administered to living
organisms including humans, and animals. Administration of a
therapeutically active amount of the pharmaceutical compositions of
the present invention is defined as an amount effective, at dosages
and for periods of time necessary to achieve the desired result.
For example, a therapeutically active amount of a substance may
vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and
weight of the individual, and the ability of antibody to elicit a
desired response in the individual. Dosage regime may be adjusted
to provide the optimum therapeutic response. For example, several
divided doses may be administered daily or the dose may be
proportionally reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the
therapeutic situation.
[0407] The active substance may be administered in a convenient
manner such as by injection (subcutaneous, intravenous,
intramuscular, etc.), oral administration, inhalation, transdermal
administration (such as topical cream or ointment, etc.), or
suppository applications. Depending on the route of administration,
the active substance may be coated in a material to protect the
compound from the action of enzymes, acids and other natural
conditions which may inactivate the compound.
[0408] The compositions described herein can be prepared by per se
known methods for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable
compositions which can be administered to subjects, such that an
effective quantity of the active substance is combined in a mixture
with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. Suitable vehicles are
described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences
(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company,
Easton, Pa., USA 1985). On this basis, the compositions include,
albeit not exclusively, solutions of the substances in association
with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles or diluents,
and contained in buffered solutions with a suitable pH and
iso-osmotic with the physiological fluids.
[0409] The pharmaceutical compositions may be used in methods for
treating animals, including mammals, preferably humans, with cancer
or infected with a virus or a parasite. It is anticipated that the
compositions will be particularly useful for treating patients with
B-cell lymphoproliferative disease, (melanoma), mononucleosis,
cytomegalic inclusion disease, malaria, herpes, shingles,
hepatitis, poliomyelitis, or infectious laryngotracheitis. The
dosage and type of recombinant protein to be administered will
depend on a variety of factors which may be readily monitored in
human subjects. Such factors include the etiology and severity
(grade and stage) of neoplasia, the stage of malarial infection
(e.g. exoerythrocytic vs. erythrocytic), or antigen levels
associated with viral load in patient tissues or circulation.
[0410] As mentioned above, the novel recombinant toxic proteins and
nucleic acid molecules of the present invention are useful in
treating cancerous or infected cells wherein the cells contain a
specific protease that can cleave the linker region of the
recombinant toxic protein. One skilled in the art can appreciate
that many different recombinant toxic proteins can be prepared once
a disease associated protease has been identified. For example, the
novel recombinant toxic proteins and nucleic acid molecules of the
invention may be used to treat CNS tumors. Muller et al. (1993)
describe increased activity of Insulin-type Growth Factor Binding
Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) protease in the Cerebral Spinal Fluid of
patients with CNS tumors. Cohen et al. (1992) claim that
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an IGFBP-3 protease. The pAP290
construct described above is a substrate for PSA. Conover et al.
(1994) claim that cathepsin D is IGFBP-3 protease. The pAP276
described herein is a substrate for cathepsin D. Another example of
a specific use of the invention is treatment of human glioma which
has been shown to produce cathepsin D (Mikkelsen, T. et al. J.
Neurosurge, 83:285-290 (1995)). The pAP 214 and 272 define herein
are substrates for cathepsin B.
[0411] In addition, the novel proteins and nucleic acid molecules
of the present invention may be used to treat cystic fibrosis.
Hansen et al. (1995) describe how CF airway disease is
characterized by neutrophil-dominated chronic inflammation with an
excess of uninhibited neutrophil elastase (NE). NE levels in CF
sputum are 350 times higher than that found in normal sputum. The
pAP294 described herein is a substrate for neutrophil elastase.
[0412] As well, the novel proteins and nucleic acid molecules of
the present invention may also be used to treat multiple sclerosis.
Bever Jr. et al. (1994) implicate cathepsin B (possibly from
inflammatory cells of hematogenous origin) in the demyelination
found in multiple sclerosis. pAPs 214 and 272 defined herein
present substrates for cathepsin B.
[0413] The term "animal" as used herein includes all members of the
animal kingdom including mammals, preferably humans.
[0414] The following non-limiting examples are illustrative of the
present invention:
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Cloning and Expression of Proricin Variants Activated by
Disease-Specific Proteases
Isolation of Total RNA
[0415] The preproricin gene was cloned from new foliage of the
castor bean plant. Total messenger RNA was isolated according to
established procedures (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Lab
Manual (Cold Spring Harbour Press, Cold Spring Harbour, (1989)) and
cDNA generated using reverse transcriptase.
cDNA Synthesis:
[0416] Oligonucleotides, corresponding to the extreme 5' and 3'
ends of the preproricin gene were synthesized and used to
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplify the gene. Using the cDNA
sequence for preproricin (Lamb et al., Eur. J. Biochem.,
145:266-270, 1985), several oligonucleotide primers were designed
to flank the start and stop codons of the preproricin open reading
frame. The oligonucleotides were synthesized using an Applied
Biosystems Model 392 DNA/RNA Synthesizer. First strand cDNA
synthesis was primed using the oligonucleotide Ricin1729C (Table
1). Three micrograms of total RNA was used as a template for oligo
Ricin1729C primed synthesis of cDNA using Superscript II Reverse
Transcriptase (BRL) following the manufacturer's protocol.
DNA Amplification and Cloning
[0417] The first strand cDNA synthesis reaction was used as
template for DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR). The preproricin cDNA was amplified using the upstream primer
Ricin-99 and the downstream primer Ricin1729C with Vent DNA
polymerase (New England Biolabs) using standard procedures
(Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second
Edition, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989)).
Amplification was carried out in a Biometra thermal cycler
(TRIO-Thermalcycler) using the following cycling parameters:
denaturation 95.degree. C. for 1 min., annealing 52.degree. C. for
1 min., and extension 72.degree. C. for 2 min., (33 cycles),
followed by a final extension cycle at 72.degree. C. for 10 min.
The 1846 bp amplified product was fractionated on an agarose gel
(Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second
Edition, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989), and the DNA
purified from the gel slice using Qiaex resin (Qiagen) following
the manufacturer's protocol. The purified PCR fragment encoding the
preproricin cDNA was then ligated (Sambrook et al., Molecular
Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, (Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press, 1989)) into an Eco RV-digested pBluescript II SK
plasmid (Stratagene), and used to transform competent XL1-Blue
cells (Stratagene). Positive clones were confirmed by restriction
digestion of purified plasmid DNA. Plasmid DNA was extracted using
a Qiaprep Spin Plasmid Miniprep Kit (Qiagen).
DNA Sequencing
[0418] The cloned PCR product containing the putative preproricin
gene was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the entire cDNA clone
(pAP-144). Sequencing was performed using an Applied Biosystems
373A Automated DNA Sequencer, and confirmed by double-stranded
dideoxy sequencing by the Sanger method using the Sequenase kit
(USB). The oligonucleotide primers used for sequencing were as
follows: Ricin267, Ricin486, Ricin725, Ricin937, Ricin1151,
Ricini1399, Ricin1627, T3 primer (5'AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGG-3') (SEQ
ID NO. 128) and T7 primer (5'GTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGC-3) (SEQ ID NO.
129). Sequence data was compiled and analyzed using PC Gene
software package (intelligenetics). The sequences and location of
oligonucleotide primers is shown in Table 1. The oligonucleotide
primers shown in Table 1 have been assigned the following sequence
ID numbers:
Ricin-109 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 130; Ricin-99Eco is
referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 131; Ricin267 is referred to
herein as SEQ ID NO. 132; Ricin486 is referred to herein as SEQ ID
NO. 133; Ricin725 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 134; Ricin
937 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 135; Ricin 1151 is referred
to herein as SEQ ID NO. 136; Ricin 1399 is referred to herein as
SEQ ID NO. 137; Ricin 1627 is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 138;
Ricin 1729C is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 139; and Ricin
1729C Xba is referred to herein as SEQ ID NO. 140.
Production and Cloning of Linker Variants
[0419] pAP144 cut with EcoRI was used as target for PCR pairs
employing the Ricin109-Eco oligonucleotide (Ricin-109Eco primer:
5-GGAGGAATCCGGAGATGAAACCGGGAGGAAATACTATTGTAAT-3 (SEQ ID No. 141))
and a mutagenic primer for the 5' half of the linker as well as the
Ricin1729PstI primer (Ricin1729-PstI:
5-GTAGGCGCTGCAGATAACTTGCTGTCCTTTCAG-3 (SEQ ID No. 142)) and a
mutagenic primer for the 3' half of the linker. The cycling
conditions used for the PCRs were 98.degree. C. for 2 min.;
98.degree. C. 1 min., 52.degree. C. 1 min., 72.degree. C. 1 min. 15
sec. (30 cycles); 72.degree. C. 10 min.; 4.degree. C. soak. The PCR
products were then digested by EcoRI and PstI respectively,
electrophoresed on an agarose gel, and the bands purified by via
glass wool spin columns. Triple ligations comprising the PCR
product pairs (corresponding halves of the new linker) and pVL1393
vector digested with EcoRI and PstI were carried out. Recombinant
clones were identified by restriction digests of plasmid miniprep
DNA and the altered linkers confirmed by DNA sequencing. See FIG.
45 as an example of the cloning strategy. Recombinant clones were
identified by restriction digests of plasmid miniprep DNA and the
altered linkers confirmed by DNA sequencing. Note that since all
altered linker variants were cloned directly into the pVL1393
vector odd-numbered pAPs were no longer required or produced.
Isolation of Recombinant Baculoviruses
[0420] Insect cells S. frugiperda (Sf9), and Trichoplusia ni (Tn368
and BTI-TN-581-4 (High Five)) were maintained on EX-CELL 405 medium
(JRH Biosciences) supplemented with 10% total calf serum (Summers
et al., A Manual of Methods of Baculovirus Vectors and Insect Cell
Culture Procedures, (Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1987)).
Two micrograms of recombinant pVL1393 DNA was co-transfected with
0.5 microgram of BaculoGold AcNPV DNA (Pharmingen) into
2.times.10.sup.6 Tn368 insect cells following the manufacturer's
protocol (Gruenwald et al., Baculovirus Expression Vector System:
Procedures and Methods Manual, 2nd Edition, (San Diego, Calif.,
1993)). On day 5 post-transfection, media were centrifuged and the
supernatants tested in limiting dilution assays with Tn368 cells
(Summers et al., A Manual of Methods of Baculovirus Vectors and
Insect Cell Culture Procedures, (Texas Agricultural Experiment
Station, 1987)). Recombinant viruses in the supernatants were then
amplified by infecting Tn368 cells at a multiplicity of infection
(moi) of 0.1, followed by collection of day 3 to 5 supernatants. A
total of three rounds of amplification were performed for each
recombinant following established procedures (Summers et al., A
Manual of Methods of Baculovirus Vectors and Insect Cell Culture
Procedures, (Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1987 and
Gruenwald et al., Baculovirus Expression Vector System: Procedures
and Methods Manual, 2nd Edition, (San Diego, Calif., 1993)).
Expression of Mutant Proricin
[0421] Recombinant baculoviruses were used to infect
1.times.10.sup.7 Tn368 or sf9 cells at an moi of 9 in EX-CELL 405
media (JRH Biosciences) with 25 mM .alpha.-lactose in spinner
flasks. Media supernatants containing mutant proricins were
collected 3 or 4 days post-infection.
Example 2
Harvesting and Affinity Column Purification of Pro-Ricin
Variants
[0422] Protein samples were harvested three days post transfection.
The cells were removed by centrifuging the media at 8288 g for ten
minutesusing a GS3 (Sorvall) centrifuge rotor. The supernatant was
further clarified by centrifuging at 25400 g using a SLA-1500 rotor
(Sorvall) for 45 minutes. Protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl
fluoride (Sigma) was slowly added to a final concentration of 1 mM.
The samples were further prepared by adding lactose to a
concentration of 20 mM (not including the previous lactose
contained in the expression medium). The samples were concentrated
to 700 mL using a Prep/Scale-TFF Cartridge (2.5 ft, 10K regenerated
cellulose (Millipore)) and a Masterflex pump. The samples were then
dialysed for 2 days in 1.times. Column Buffer (50 mM Tris, 100 mM
NaCl, 0.02% NaN.sub.3, pH 7.5) using dialysis tubing (10 K MWCO, 32
mm flat width (Spectra/Por)). Subsequently, the samples were
clarified by centrifuging at 25400 g using a SLA-1500 rotor
(Sorvall) for 45 minutes.
[0423] Following centrifugation, the samples were degassed and
applied at 4.degree. C. to a XK26/20 (Pharmacia) column (attached
to a Pharmacia peristaltic pump, Pharmacia Single-path Monitor UV-1
Control and Optical Units, and Bromma LKB 2210 2-Channel Recorder)
containing 20 mL of .alpha.-Lactose Agarose Resin (Sigma). The
column was washed for 3 hours with 1.times. Column buffer. Elution
of pro-ricin variant was performed by eluting with buffer (1.times.
Column buffer (0.1% NaN3), 100 mM Lactose) until the baseline was
again restored. The samples were concentrated using an Amicon 8050
concentrator (Amicon) with a YM10 76 mm membrane, utilizing argon
gas to pressurize the chamber. The samples were further
concentrated in Centricon 10 (Millipore) concentrators according to
manufacturer's specifications.
Purification of Variant pAP-Protein by Gel Filtration
Chromatography
[0424] In order to purify the pro-ricin variant from processed
material produced during fermentation, the protein was applied to a
SUPERDEX 75 (16/60) column and SUPERDEX 200 (16/60) column
(Pharmacia) connected in series equilibrated with 50 mM Tris, 100
mM NaCl, pH 7.5 containing 100 mM Lactose and 0.1%
.beta.-mercaptoethanol (.beta.ME). The flow rate of the column was
0.15 mL/min and fractions were collected every 25 minutes. The
ultraviolet (UV) (280 nm) trace was used to determine the
approximate location of the purified pAP-protein and thus determine
the samples for Western analysis.
Western Analysis of Column Fractions
[0425] Fractions eluted from the SUPERDEX columns (Pharmacia) were
analyzed for purity using standard Western blotting techniques. An
aliquot of 10 .mu.L from each fraction was boiled in 1.times.
sample buffer (62.6 mM Tris-C1, pH 6.8, 4.4% PME, 2% sodium dodecyl
sulfate (SDS), 5% glycerol (all from Sigma) and 0.002% bromophenol
blue (Biorad)) for five minutes. Denatured samples were loaded on
12% Tris-Glycine Gels (Biorad) along with 50 ng of RCA.sub.60
(Sigma) and 5 .mu.L of kaleidoscope prestained standards (Biorad).
Electrophoresis was carried out for ninety minutes at 100V in 25 mM
Tris-C1, pH 8.3, 0.1% SDS, and 192 mM glycine using the BioRad Mini
Protean II cells (Biorad).
[0426] Following electrophoresis gels were equilibrated in transfer
buffer (48 mM Tris, 39 mM glycine, 0.0375% SDS, and 20% Methanol)
for a few minutes. Polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) Biorad membrane was
presoaked for one minute in 100% methanol, rinsed in deionized
distilled water and two minutes in transfer buffer. Whatman paper
was soaked briefly in transfer buffer. Five pieces of Whatman
paper, membrane, gel, and another five pieces of Whatman paper were
arranged on the bottom cathode (anode) of the Pharmacia Novablot
transfer apparatus (Pharmacia). Transfer was for one hour at
constant current (2 mA/cm.sup.2).
[0427] Transfer was confirmed by checking for the appearance of the
prestained standards on the membrane. Non-specific sites on the
membrane were blocked by incubating the blot for thirty minutes in
1.times.Phosphate Buffered Saline (1.times.PBS; 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM
KCl, 8 mM Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, 1.5 mM KH.sub.2PO.sub.4, pH 7.4) with
5% skim milk powder (Carnation). Primary antibody (Rabbit
.alpha.-ricin, Sigma) was diluted 1:3000 in 1.times.PBS containing
0.1% Tween 20 (Sigma) and 2.5% skim milk and incubated with blot
for forty five minutes on a orbital shaker (VWR). Non-specifically
bound primary antibody was removed by washing the blot for ten
minutes with 1.times.PBS containing 0.2% Tween 20. This was
repeated four times. Secondary antibody donkey anti-rabbit
(Amersham) was incubated with the blot under the same conditions as
the primary antibody. Excess secondary antibody was washed as
described above. Blots were developed with the ECL Western Blotting
detection reagents according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Blots were exposed to Medtec's Full Speed Blue Film (Medtee) or
Amersham's ECL Hyperfilm (Amersham) for one second to five minutes.
Film was developed in a KODAK Automatic Developer.
Determination of Lectin Binding Ability of Pro-Ricin Variant
[0428] An Immulon 2 plate (VDVR) was coated with 100 .mu.l per well
of 10 .mu.g/ml of asialofetuin and left overnight at 4.degree. C.
The plate was washed with 3.times.300 .mu.L per well with
ddH.sub.2O using an automated plate washer (BioRad). The plate was
blocked for one hour at 37.degree. C. by adding 300 .mu.L per well
of PBS containing 1% ovalbumin. The plate was washed again as
above. Pro-ricin variant pAP-protein was added to the plate in
various dilutions in 1.times. Baculo. A standard curve of
RCA.sub.60 (Sigma) from 1-10 ng was also included. The plate was
incubated for 1 h at 37.degree. C. The plate was washed as above.
Anti-ricin monoclonal antibody (Sigma) was diluted 1:3000 in
1.times.PBS containing 0.5% ovalbumin and 0.1% tween-20, added at
100 .mu.L per well and incubated for 1 h at 37.degree. C. The plate
was washed as above. Donkey-anti rabbity polyclonal antibody was
diluted 1:3000 in 1.times.PBS containing 0.5% ovalbumin, 0.1%
Tween-20, and added at 100 .mu.L per well and incubated for 1 h at
37.degree. C. The plate was given a final wash as described above.
Substrate was added to plate at 100 .mu.L per well (1 mg/ml
o-phenylenediamine (Sigma), 1 .mu.L/ml H.sub.2O.sub.2, 25 .mu.L of
stop solution (20% H.sub.2SO.sub.4) was added and the absorbance
read (A490 nm-A630 nm) using a SPECTRA MAX 340 plate reader
(Molecular Devices).
Determination of pAP-Protein activity using the rabbit reticulocyte
Assay
[0429] Ricin samples were prepared for reduction. [0430] A)
RCA.sub.60=3,500 ng/.mu.L of RCA.sub.60+997 .mu.L 1.times. Endo
buffer (25 mM Tris, 25 mM KCl, 5 mM MGCl.sub.2, pH 7.6) [0431]
Reduction=95 .mu.L of 10 ng/.mu.L+5 .mu.L .beta.-mercaptoethanol
[0432] B) Ricin variants [0433] Reduction=40 .mu.L variant+2 .mu.L
.beta.-mercaptoethanol [0434] The ricin standard and the variants
were incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature.
Ricin--Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate Reaction
[0435] The required number of 0.5 mL tubes were labelled. (2 tubes
for each sample, + and - aniline). To each of the sample tubes 20
.mu.L of 1.times. endo buffer was added, and 30 .mu.L of buffer was
added to the controls. To the sample tubes either 10 .mu.L, of 10
ng/.mu.L Ricin or 104 of variant was added. Finally, 30 .mu.L of
rabbit reticulocyte lysate was added to all the tubes. The samples
were incubated for 30 minutes at 30.degree. C. using the thermal
block. Samples were removed from the eppendorf tube and contents
added into a 1.5 mL tube containing 1 mL of TRIZOL (Gibco). Samples
were incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature. After the
incubation, 200 .mu.L of chloroform was added, and the sample was
vortexed and spun at 12,000 g for 15 minutes at 4.degree. C. The
top aqueous layer from the samples was removed and contents added
to a 1 mL tube containing 500 .mu.L of isopropanol. Samples were
incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature and then centrifuged
at 12,000 for 15 minutes at 4.degree. C. Supernatant was removed
and the pellets were washed with 1 mL of 70% ethanol.
Centrifugation at 12,000 g for 5 minutes at 4.degree. C.
precipitated the RNA. All but approximately 20 .mu.L of the
supernatant was removed and air dried. the remaining liquid
evaporated using the speed vacuum machine. The control samples
(-aniline) were dissolved in 10 .mu.L of 0.1.times. E buffer (36 mM
Tris, 30 mM NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.8) and stored at
-70.degree. C. or on dry ice until later. Pellets from the other
samples (+aniline samples) were dissolved in 20 .mu.L of DEPC
treated ddH.sub.2O. An 80 .mu.L aliquot of 1 M aniline (distilled)
with 2.8 M acetic acid was added to these RNA samples and
transferred to a fresh 0.5 mL tube. The samples were incubated in
the dark for 3 minutes at 60.degree. C. RNA was precipitated by
adding 100 .mu.L of 95% ethanol and 5 .mu.L of 3M sodium acetate,
pH 5.2 to each tube and centrifuging at 12,000 g for 30 minutes at
4.degree. C. Pellets were washed with 1 mL 70% ethanol and
centrifuged again at 12,000 g for 5 minutes at 4.degree. C. to
precipitate RNA. The supernatant was removed and air dried. These
pellets were dissolved in 104 of 0.1.times. E buffer. To all
samples-, 10 .mu.L of formamide loading dye was added. The RNA
ladder (8 .mu.L of ladder+8 .mu.L of loading dye) was also
included. Samples were incubated for 2 minutes at 70.degree. C. on
the thermal block. Electrophoresis was carried out on the samples
using 1.2% agarose, 50% formamide gels in 0.1.times. E buffer+0.2%
SDS. The gel was run for 90 minutes at 75 watts. RNA was visualized
by staining the gel in 1 .mu.g/.mu.L ethidium bromide in running
buffer for 45 minutes. The gel was examined on a 302 nm UV box,
photographed using the gel documentation system and saved to a
computer disk.
Results:
Protein Expression Yields
[0436] Aliquots were taken at each stop of the
harvesting/purification and tested. Yields of functional ricin
variant were determined by ELISA. Typical results of an 2400 mL
prep of infected T. ni cells are given below.
TABLE-US-00001 Aliquot .mu.g pAP 220 Before concentration and
dialysis 6000 After concentration and dialysis 4931 alpha- Lactose
agarose column flow through 219 alpha- Lactose agarose column
elution 1058
Yield: 1058/6000=17.6%
[0437] Purification of pAP-Protein and Western Analysis of Column
Fractions
[0438] Partially purfied pAP-protein was applied to Superdex 75 and
200 (16/60) columns connected in series in order to remove the
contaminating non-specifically processed pAP-protein. Eluted
fractions were tested via Western analysis as described above and
the fractions containing the most pure protein were pooled,
concentrated and re-applied to the column. The variant was applied
a total of three times to the column. Final purified pAP-protein
has less than 1% processed variant.
[0439] The purified pAP-protein was tested for susceptibility to
cleavage by the particular protease and for activation of the
A-chain of the pro-ricin variant, (inhibition of protein
synthesis). Typically, pAP-protein was incubated with and without
protease for a specified time period and then electrophoresed and
blotted. Cleaved pAP will run as two 30 kDa proteins (B is slightly
larger) under reducing (SDS-PAGE) conditions. Unprocessed
pAP-protein, which contains the linker region, will run at 60
kDa.
Activation of pAP-Protein Variant with Specific Protease
[0440] Activation of protease treated pAP-protein is based on the
method of May et al. (EMBO Journal. 8 301-8, 1989). Activation of
ricin A chain upon cleavage of the intermediary linker results in
catalytic depurination of the adenosine 4325 residue of 28S or 26S
rRNA. This depurination renders the molecule susceptible to
amine-catalyzed hydrolysis by aniline of the phosphodiester bond on
either side of the modification site. The result is a diagnostic
390 base band. As such, reticulocyte ribosomes incubated with
biochemically purified ricin A chain, released the characteristic
RNA fragment upon aniline treatment of isolated rRNA (May, M. J. et
al. Embo. Journal, 8:301-308 at 302-303 (1989)). It is on this
basis that the assay allows for the determination of activity of a
ricin A chain which has been cleaved from the intact unit
containing a particular variant linker sequence.
Example 3
In Vitro Protease Digestion of Proricin Variants
[0441] Affinity-purified proricin variant is treated with
individual disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage
in the linker region. Ricin-like toxin variants are eluted from the
lactose-agarose matrix in protease digestion buffer (50 mM NaCl, 50
mM Na-acetate, pH 5.5, 1 mM dithiothreitol) containing 100 mM
lactose. Proricin substrate is then incubated at 37.degree. C. for
60 minutes with a disease-specific protease. The cleavage products
consisting ricin A and B chains are identified using SDS/PAGE
(Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd. ed.,
Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1989), followed by Western blot analysis
using anti-ricin antibodies (Sigma).
[0442] Cathepsin B may be obtained from Medcor or Calbiochem.
Matrix metalloproteinases may be prepared substantially as
described by Lark, M. W. et al. (Proceedings of the 4th
International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association
Abstract 145 (1988)) and Welch, A. R. et al. (Arch. Biochem.
Biophys. 324:59-64 (1995)). Candida acid protease may be prepared
substantially as described in Remold, H. H. et al. (Biochim.
Biophys. Acta 167:399-406 (1968)), Ray, T. L. and Payne, C. D.
(Infect. Immunol. 58:508-514 (1990)) and Fusek, M. et al. (FEBS
Lett. 327:108-112 (1993)). Hepatitis A protease may be prepared as
described in Jewell, D. A. et al. (Biochemistry 31:7862-7869
(1992)). Plasmodium proteases may be prepared as described in
Goldberg, D. E. et al. (J. Exp. Med. 173:961-969 (1991)) and
Cooper, J. A. and Bujard, H. (Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 56:151-160
(1992)).
--In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay:
[0443] Human ovarian cancer cells (e.g. MA148) are seeded in
96-well flat-bottom plates and are exposed to ricin-like toxin
variants or control medium at 37.degree. C. for 16 h. The viability
of the cancer cells is determined by measuring [.sup.35S]methionine
incorporation and is significantly lower in wells treated with the
toxin variants than those with control medium.
In Vivo Tumour Growth Inhibition Assay:
[0444] Human breast cancer (e.g. MCF-7) cells are maintained in
suitable medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. The cells are
grown, harvested and subsequently injected subcutaneously into
ovariectomized athymic nude mice. Tumour size is determined at
intervals by measuring two right-angle measurements using calipers.
In animals that received ricin-like toxin variants containing the
matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive linkers, tumour size and the
rate of tumour growth are lower than animals in the control
group.
In Vivo Tumour Metastasis Assay:
[0445] The metastasis study is performed substantially as described
in Honn, K. V. et al. (Biochem. Pharmacol. 34:235-241 (1985)).
Viable B16a melanoma tumour cells are prepared and injected
subcutaneously into the left axillary region of syngeneic mice. The
extent of tumour metastasis is measured after 4 weeks. The lungs
are removed from the animals and are fixed in Bouin's solution and
macroscopic pulmonary metastases are counted using a dissecting
microscope. In general without therapeutic intervention, injection
of 10.sup.5 viable tumour cells forms approximately 40-50 pulmonary
metastases. The number of metastases in animal treated with
proricin variants containing cathepsin B-sensitive linkers is
substantially lower.
Example 4
[0446] In Vitro Protease Digestion of Proricin Variants by Cancer
Proteases Cathepsin B or MMP-9
[0447] The general protocol for proricin digestion by cancer
proteases is described in Examples 2 and 3.
In Vitro Protease Digestion of Cathepsin B Proricin Variant
[0448] Affinity-purified mutant proricin is treated with individual
disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage in the
linker region. The proricin substrate is digested in a Cathepsin B
protease buffer (50 mM Sodium acetate, 2 mM EDTA, 0.05% Triton) at
40.degree. C. Two hours and overnight (16 hr) digestion reactions
are carried out using 100 ng of proricin substrate and 100 and 618
ng of Cathepsin B protease per reaction (CALBIOCHEM, USA). The
cleavage products of proricin (ricin A and B chains) are identified
using SDS/PAGE (Sambrook et al., Molecular cloning: a laboratory
Manual, 2nd. ed., Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1989), followed by
Western blot analysis using anti-ricin antibodies (Sigma).
In Vitro Protease Digestion of MMP-9 Proricin Variant
[0449] Affinity-purified mutant proricin is treated with individual
disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage in the
linker region. The proricin substrate is digested in 1.times.
column buffer (100 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris, PH 7.5) at 37.degree. C.
Two hours and overnight (16 hr) digestion reactions are set up
using 50 ng of MMP-9 proricin substrate and 20 and 200 ng of MMP-9
protease per reaction (CALBIOCHEM, USA). The cleavage products of
proricin (ricin A and B chains) are identified using SDS/PAGE
(Sambrook et al., Molecular cloning: a laboratory Manual, 2nd. ed.,
Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1989), followed by Western blot analysis
using anti-ricin antibodies (Sigma).
[0450] The protocol for Western analysis of ricin chains is
described in Example 2.
Results
[0451] FIGS. 48 and 49 illustrate Western blots showing the
cleavage of the protease-sensitive linkers by cathepsin B (pAP 214)
and MMP-9 (pAP 220) respectively. Without protease digestion, the
proricin variant appears as a single band at approximately 60 kDa
(Lane B of FIG. 48 and Lane A of FIG. 49). Wild type ricin A chain
and B chain appear as two disparate bands at approximately 30 kDa
(Lane A of FIG. 48 and Lane E of FIG. 49). Increasing extent of
proricin cleavage can clearly be observed with increasing protease
concentration (Lanes C and D of FIG. 48 and Lanes B-C of FIG.
49).
Example 5
In Vitro Protease Digestion of Various Proricin Variants by Their
Corresponding Proteases
[0452] The general protocol for proricin digestion by coresponding
proteases was as described in Examples 2 and 3 and should be
considered in connection with the digestions described below.
Cleavage of pAP-222 Protein with the Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
(MMP-2)
[0453] Affinity-purified mutant proricin is treated with individual
disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage in the
linker region. The pAP-222 protein sample (1.0 ug) was digested
with the MMP-2 protease (1.0 ug) overnight at 37.degree. C. The
total volume of the digestion reaction was 21.5 ul, and 0.250 ug of
the reaction sample was loaded on a protein gel. The MMP-2 protease
was purchased from Calbiochem-Novabiochem Corporation, USA.
Cleavage of pAP-248 Protein with the Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
Protease
[0454] Affinity-purified mutant proricin is treated with individual
disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage in the
linker region.
[0455] The pAP-248 protein sample (1.19 ug) was digested with the
HCMV protease (1.13 ug) overnight at 37.degree. C. The total volume
of the digestion was 10.5 ul, and 0.279 ug of the reaction sample
was loaded on a protein gel. The HCMV was purchased from BACHEM
Bioscience Inc., USA.
Cleavage of pAP-256 Protein with the Hepatitis A virus 3C (HAV 3C)
Protease
[0456] Affinity-purified mutant proricin is treated with individual
disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage in the
linker region.
[0457] The pAP-256 protein sample (1.26 ug) was digested with the
HAV 3C protease (5 ug) overnight at 37.degree. C. The total volume
of the digestion was 12.5 ul, and 0.302 ug of the digestion sample
was loaded on a protein gel. The HAV 3C protease was a gift from
Dr. G. Lawson from Bates Collage, Main, USA.
Cleavage of pAP-270 protein with the Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
(MMP-2)
[0458] Affinity-purified mutant proricin is treated with individual
disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage in the
linker region. The pAP-270 protein sample (0.120 ug) was digested
with the MMP-2 protease (0.25 ug) overnight at 37.degree. C. The
total volume of the digestion reaction was 22.5 ul, and 0.106 ug of
the reaction sample was loaded on a protein gel. The MMP-2 protease
was purchased from Calbiochem-Novabiochem Corporation, USA.
Cleavage of pAP-288 Protein with tPA Plasminogen Tissue
Activator
[0459] Affinity-purified mutant proricin is treated with individual
disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage in the
linker region. The pAP-288 protein sample (1.65 ug) was digested
with the t-PA protease (0.5 ug) overnight at 37.degree. C. The
total volume of the digestion reaction was 55 ul, and 0.6 ug of the
reaction sample was loaded on a protein gel. The t-PA was purchased
from Sigma Chemical Co., USA.
Cleavage of pAP-294 Protein with Human Neutraphil Elastase
[0460] Affinity-purified mutant proricin is treated with individual
disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage in the
linker region. The pAP-256 protein sample (0.6 ug) was digested
with the Elastase protease (5 ug) at 25.degree. C. for one hour.
The total volume of the digestion reaction was 52.5 ul, and 0.171
ug of the digestion sample was loaded on a protein gel. The Human
Neutrophil Elastase protease was purchased from Cedarlane
Laboratories Limited, Canada.
Cleavage of pAP-296 Protein with Calpain
[0461] Affinity-purified mutant proricin is treated with individual
disease-specific proteases to confirm specific cleavage in the
linker region. The pAP-296 protein sample (2.05 ug) was digested
with the Calpain protease (10 ug) overnight at 37.degree. C. The
total volume of the digestion reaction was 35 ul and 0.761 ug of
the reaction sample was loaded on a protein gel. The Calpain
protease was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., USA
Results
[0462] FIGS. 52, 54, 58 & 66(MMP-2), 60, 64 and 62 show the
cleavage of proteases of linkers by HCMV, HAV 3C, MMP-2, t-PA,
calpain, and human neutraphil elastase respectively. Without
protease digestion, the proricin variants appear as a single band
at approximately 60 kDA (Lane A in connection with FIG. 52; Lane B
of FIG. 54; Lane A of FIG. 58; Lane B of FIG. 60; and Lane C of
FIG. 62; lane B of FIG. 64 and lane B of FIG. 66). Wild type ricin
chain A and B appear as two bands at approximately 30 kDA (see for
example Lanes C and D of FIG. 52) proricin cleavage can clearly be
obvserved with the appearance of 30 kDA bands in connection with
the protein which has been digested by the respective protease (see
Lane B of FIG. 52; Lane C of FIG. 54; or Lane B of FIG. 58 for
examples).
Example 6
In Vitro Translation Assay (Activation by Cancer Proteases
Cathepsin B or MMP-9
[0463] The general protocol for the rabbit retoculocyte lysate
reaction to test the cytotoxicity of cancer protease-activiated
proricin is described briefly in Example 3 and is described in more
detail in Example 2.
Results
[0464] Activation of pAP 214 and pAP 220 proricin variants by
cathepsin B and MMP-9, based on the method of May et al. (EMBO J.
8:301-308, 1989), is illustrated in FIGS. 50 and 51 respectively.
The appearance of the 390 base pair product (positive control) is
observed in Lane F of FIG. 50 and Lane G of FIG. 51. This 390 base
pair product is absent in the negative control lanes. Without
cathepsin or MMP-9 activation, no or minimal N-glycosidase activity
in the pAP 214 variant (Lanes H to L, FIG. 50) or the pAP 220
variant (Lanes A to E, FIG. 51) was observed. When the pAP 214
variant and the pAP 220 variant were activated by cathepsin or
MMP-9 respectively, appearance of the 390 base pair product
wasobserved in a proricin concentration-dependent manner (Lanes A
to E of FIG. 50 and Lanes H to L of FIG. 51). The present
experimental series demonstrated the successful and selective
activation of proricin variants by cancer-associated proteases.
Example 7
[0465] The general protocol for the rabbit retoculocyte lysate
reaction is described briefly in Example 3 and is described in more
detail in Example 2, all of which compliments the description
below.
Depurination of Rabbit Reticulocyte 28S Ribosomal RNA by Digested
and Undigested Ricin Variants
[0466] Affinity-purified mutant proricin mutants which were
previously digested with the disease-specific protease, were
reduced with 5% 2-mercaptoethanol then diluted to 100 ng, 14.2 ng,
2.0 ng, 291 pg, and 41.7 pg with 1.times.ENDO buffer (25 mM Tris pH
7.6, 25 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl.sub.2) and incubated with rabbit
reticulocyte lysate, untreated (Promega) for 30 minutes at
30.degree. C. To compare the digested with the undigested proricin
variant, the proricin in digestion buffer (according to the
specific digestion protocol) was treated in the same manner as the
digested sample. As a positive and negative control, 10 ng of ricin
A chain and 1.times.ENDO buffer consecutively, was incubated with
rabbit reticulocyte lysate, untreated, for 30 min at 30.degree.
C.
Aniline Cleavage of rRNA and Gel Fractionation
[0467] Total RNA was then extracted from reticulocyte lysate
translation mixtures with Trizol reagent (Gibco-BRL) as per
manufacturer's instructions. The RNA was incubated with 80 ul of 1M
aniline (distilled) with 2.8M acetic acid for 3 min at 60.degree.
C. in the dark. Ethanol-precipitated RNA samples were dissolved in
20ul of 50% formamide, 0.1.times. E buffer (3.6 mM Tris, 3 mM
NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, 0.2 mM EDTA), and 0.05% xylene cyanol. 10ul of
this was heated to 70(C for 2 minutes, loaded and electrophoresed
in 1.2% agarose, 0.1.times. E buffer, and 50% formamide gel with
RNA running buffer (0.1.times. E buffer, 0.2% SDS).
Results
[0468] Activation of pAP-248 proricin variant by HCMV; pAP-256 by
HAV3C protease; pAP-270 by MMP-2 protease; pAP-288 by t-PA
protease; pAP-294 by human neutrophil elastase; pAP-296 by calpain;
and pAP-222 by MMP-2 is illustrated in FIGS. 52, 55, 59, 61, 63,
65, and 67 respectively. The appearance of the 390 base pair
product (deposit of control) is obverved in lane L of FIGS. 53, 55,
61, 63, 65 and 67. The 390 base pair product is observed in lane A
of FIGS. 59 (activation of pAP-270 by MMP-2). This 390 base pair
product is absent in the negative control lanes. Without the
specific protease activation, no or minimal activity is seen in the
lanes which contained only the proricin variant without digestion
(see lane A, B, C, D, and E of FIGS. 53, 55, 61, 63, 65, and 67).
The same observation is made in connection with pAP-270 in FIG. 59,
however, the undigested lanes appear as H, I, J, K and L. When the
variant was activated by its respective protease, there is an
appearance of the 390 base pair product in a proricin
concentration-dependent manner (see Lanes H, I, J, K and L of FIGS.
53, 55, 61, 63, 65, and 67 and Lanes A, B, C, D, and E of FIG. 59).
The present experimental series demonstrate the successful and
selective activation of the identified proricin variants by
selective corresponding proteases.
Example 8
Procedure for Examining the Cytotoxicity of Ricin and Ricin
Variants on the COS-1 Cell Line
Cell Preparation
[0469] After washing with 1.times.PBS (0.137 M NaCl, 2.68 mM KCl,
8.10 mM Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, 1.47 mM KH.sub.2PO.sub.4), cells in log
phase growth were removed from plates with 1.times. trypsin/EDTA
(Gibco/BRL). The cells were centrifuged at 1100 rpm for 3 min,
resuspended in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium containing 10% FBS
and 1.times. pen/strep, and then counted using a haemocytometer.
They were adjusted to a concentration of 5.times.10.sup.4
cellsml.sup.-1. One hundred microliters per well of cells was added
to wells 2B-2G through to wells 9B-9G of a Falcon 96 well tissue
culture plate. A separate 96 well tissue culture plate was used for
each sample of Ricin or Ricin variant. The plates were incubated at
37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2 for 24 hours.
Toxin Preparation
[0470] The Ricin and Ricin variants were sterile filtered using a
0.22 .mu.m filter (Millipore). The concentration of the sterile
samples were then quantified by A.sub.280 and confirmed by BCA
measurements (Pierce). For the variants digested with the protease
in vitro, the digests were carried out as described in the
digestion procedure for each protease. The digests were then
diluted in the 1000 ngml.sup.-1 dilution and sterile filtered. The
Ricin and the undigested pAP214 in the pAP 214 cytotoxicity data
were treated in the same manner but without the Cathepsin B
treatment. Ricin and Ricin variants were serially diluted to the
following concentrations: 1000 ngml.sup.-1, 100 ngml.sup.-1, 10
ngml.sup.-1, 1 ngml.sup.-1, 0.1 ngml.sup.-1, 0.01 ngml.sup.-1,
0.001 ngml.sup.-1 with media containing 10% FBS and 1.times.
pen/strep.
Application of Toxin or Variants to Plates
[0471] Columns 2 to 9 were labeled: control, 1000 ngml.sup.-1, 100
ngml.sup.-1, 10 ngml.sup.-1, 1 ngml.sup.-1, 0.1 ngml.sup.-1, 0.01
ngml.sup.-1, 0.001 ngml.sup.-1 consecutively. The media was removed
from all the sample wells with a multichannel pipettor. For each
plate of variant and toxin, 500 of media was added to wells 2B to
2G as the control, and 500 of each sample dilution was added to the
corresponding columns. For the pAP220+MMP-9 data, the plates were
incubated for one hour at 37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2, then
washed once and replaced with media, then incubated for 48 hours at
37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2. For the pAP 214+Cathepsin B data,
the toxin was left on the plates and incubated for 24 hours at
37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2, then 50 .mu.l of media was added to
the wells with the toxin and incubated for another 24 hours at 37(C
with 5% CO.sub.2.
Sample Application
[0472] The whole amount of media (and/or toxin) was removed from
each well with a multichannel pipettor, and replaced with 100 .mu.l
of the substrate mixture (Promega Cell Titer 96 Aqueous
Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay Kit). The plates were
incubated at 37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2 for 2 to 4 hours, and
subsequently read with a Spectramax 340 96 well plate reader at 490
nm. The IC.sub.50 values were calculated using the GRAFIT software
program.
Results
[0473] In experiments with pAP-214 and Cathepsin B incubated with
COS-1 cells, it may be seen that cells incubated with pAP-214
alone, pAP-214 was ineffective at causing cell death (see FIG. 56).
However, the cytotoxicity of pAP-214 digested with Cathepsin B
behaves similarly to the ricin control in COS-1 cells. This is also
illustrated in FIG. 56. Similarly, the cytotoxicity of undigested
pAP-220 when incubated with COS-1 cells is lower than the
cytotoxicity observed with COS-1 cells incubated with pAP-220
digested with MMP-9. Indeed the results suggest that the toxicity
of digested pAP-220 is greater than that of ricin. (See FIG.
57).
Example 9
Procedure for Examining the Cytotoxicity of Ricin and Ricin
Variants on Various Tissue Culture Cell Lines
Cell Preparation
[0474] After washing with 1.times.PBS (1.37M NaCl, 26.8 mM KCl, 81
mM Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, 14.7 mM KH.sub.2PO.sub.4), cells in log phase
growth were removed from plates with 1.times. trypsin/EDTA
(Gibco/BRL). The cells were centrifuged at 1100 rpm for 3 min,
resuspended in media containing 10% FBS and 1.times. pen/strep
(media used depended on the cell line being tested), and then
counted using a haemocytometer. They were adjusted to a
concentration of 5.times.10.sup.4 cellsml.sup.-1 (faster growing
cell lines were adjusted to 2.times.10.sup.4 cellsml.sup.-1). One
hundred microliters per well of cells was added to wells 2B-2G
through to wells 9B-9G of a Falcon 96 well tissue culture plate. A
separate 96 well tissue culture plate was used for each sample of
Ricin or Ricin variant. The plates were incubated at 37.degree. C.
with 5% CO.sub.2 for 24 hours.
Toxin Preparation
[0475] The Ricin and Ricin variants were sterile filtered using a
0.22 .mu.m filter (Millipore). The concentration of the sterile
samples were then quantified by A.sub.280 and confirmed by a BCA
measurement (Pierce). Ricin and Ricin variants were serially
diluted to the following concentrations: 3000 ngml.sup.-1, 300
ngml.sup.-1, 30 ngml.sup.-1, 3 ngml.sup.-1, 0.3 ngml.sup.-1, 0.03
ngml.sup.-1, 0.003 ngml.sup.-1 with media containing 10% FBS and
1.times. pen/strep.
Application of Toxin or Variants to Plates
[0476] Columns 2 to 9 were labeled: control, 0.001 ngml.sup.-1,
0.01 ngml.sup.-1, 0.1 ngml.sup.-1, 1 ngml.sup.-1, 10 ngml.sup.-1,
100 ngml.sup.-1, 1000 ngml.sup.-1 consecutively. For each plate of
variant and toxin, 500 of media was added to wells 2B to 2G as the
control, and 50 .mu.l of each sample dilution was added to the
corresponding columns containing 1000 per well of cells (i.e. 50
.mu.l of the 3000 ngml.sup.-1 dilution added to the wells B-G in
column 9, labeled 1000 ngml.sup.-1). The plates were incubated for
48 hours at 37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2.
Sample Application
[0477] An amount of 1400 was removed from each well with a
multichannel pipettor, and replaced with 100 .mu.l of the substrate
mixture (Promega Cell Titer 96 Aqueous Non-Radioactive Cell
Proliferation Assay Kit). The plates were incubated at 37.degree.
C. with 5% CO.sub.2 for 2 to 4 hours, and subsequently read with a
Spectramax 340 96 well plate reader at 490 nm. The IC.sub.50 values
were calculated using the GRAFIT software program.
Results
[0478] Referring to Table 2, it may be seen that the survival of
cells is correlated with the proricin variant and the cell specific
protease produced by the cell type. For example, in the HT1080 cell
line, both pAP-214 and pAP-220 required only 21/2 times the amount
of ricin to achieve the same level of cytotoxicity. On the other
hand, pAP-224 required 193 times the amount of ricin to achieve the
same level of cell death. As well, it may be seen that in the cells
where expression of Cathepsin D is found, pAP-214 and 220 were more
effective at causing cell death than ricin and more effective than
pAP-224. Details concerning the various cells types used in these
experiments are outlined below.
COS-1 (African Green Monkey Kidney Cells)
[0479] This is an SV40 transformed cell line which was prepared
from established simian cells CV-1. (Reference: Gluzman, Y. (1975)
Cell, 23, 175-182)(ATCC CRL 1650)
HT-1080 Human Fibrosarcoma
[0480] (ATCC CCL 121) This cell line was shown to produce active
MMP-9 in tissue culture. References: Moore et al. (1997)
Gynecologic Oncology 65, 83-88.
9L Rat Glioblastoma
[0481] Glioblastomas are generally associated with cathepsin B
expression. Levels of cathepsin B expression correspond to the
extent of progression of malignancy i.e. highest levels for
glioblastomas over anaplastic astrocytomas over low-grade gliomas
and normal brain tissue. The 9L cell line was provided by Dr.
William Jia of the B. C. Cancer Agency.
[0482] References: Mikkelsen et al. (August 1995) Journal of
Neurosurgery 83(2), 285-290. Nakano et al. (1995) J. of
Neurosurgery 83(2), 298-307.
MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (Epithilial)
[0483] (ATCC CRL 1555) In the absence of estrogen cathepsin B has
not been shown to be elevated relative to normal cells. It can be
induced with estrogen to produce Cathepsin D. Production of MMP-9
is unknown.
[0484] Having illustrated and described the principles of the
invention in a preferred embodiment, it should be appreciated to
those skilled in the art that the invention can be modified in
arrangement and detail without departure from such principles. We
claim all modifications coming within the scope of the following
claims.
[0485] All publications, patents and patent applications referred
to herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety to the
same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent
application was specifically and individually indicated to be
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FULL CITATIONS FOR CERTAIN REFERENCES REFERRED TO IN THE
SPECIFICATION
[0486] Bever Jr., C. T., Panitch, H. S., and Johnson, K. P. (1994)
Neurology 44(4), 745-8. Increased cathepsin B activity in
peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients.
[0487] Cohen, P., Graves, H. C., Peehl, D. M., Kamarei, M.,
Giudice, L. C., and Rosenfeld, R. G. (1992) Journal of Clinal
Endocrinology and Metabolism 75(4), 1046-53. Prostate-specific
antigen (PSA) is an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3
protease found in seminal plasma. [0488] Conover, C. A. and De
Leon, D. D. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269(10), 7076-80. Acid activated
insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 proteolysis in normal
and transformed cells. Role of cathepsin D. [0489] Hansen, G.,
Schuster, A., Zubrod, C., and Wahn, V. (1995) Respiration 62(3),
117-24. Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor abrogates proteolytic and
secretagogue activity of cystic fibrosis sputum. [0490] Muller, H.
L., Oh, Y., Gargosky, S. E., Lehrnbecher, T., Hintz, R. L., and
Rosenfeld, R. G. (1993) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism 77(5), 1113-9. Concentrations of insulin-like growth
factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGH3P-3), IGF, and IGFBP-3 protease
activity in cerebrospinal fluid of children with leukemia, central
nervous system tumor, or meningitis.
TABLE-US-00002 [0490] TABLE 1 Sequence and Location of
Oligonucleotide Primers Corresponds to preproricin Name SEQ
nucleotide of Primer ID numbers: (see Primer Sequence.sup..dagger.
NO: FIGS. 8-10) Ricin-109 5'-GGAGATGAAACCGGGAGGAAATACTATTGTAAT-3'
130 27 to 59 Ricin-99Eco 5'-GCGGAATTCCGGGAGGAAATACTATTGTAAT-3' 131
37 to 59 Ricin 267 5'-ACGGTTTATTTTAGTTGA-3' 132 300 to 317 Ricin486
5'-ACTTGCTGGTAATCTGAG-3' 133 519 to 536 Ricin725
5'-AGAATAGTTGGGGGAGAC-3' 134 758 to 775 Ricin937
5'-AATGCTGATGTTTGTATG-3' 135 970 to 987 Ricin1151
5'-CGGGAGTCTATGTGATGA-3' 136 1184 to 1201 Ricin1399
5'-GCAAATAGTGGACAAGTA-3' 137 1432 to 1449 Ricin1627
5'-GGATTGGTGTTAGATGTG-3' 138 1660 to 1677 Ricin1729C
5'-ATAACTTGCTGTCCTTTCA-3' 139 1864 to 1846 Ricin1729C
5'-CGCTCTAGATAACTTGCTGTCCTTTCA-3' 140 1864 to 1846 Xba
5.sup..dagger. underlined sequences inserted for subcloning
purposes and not included in final preproricin sequences
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Comparative Toxicities to Selected Cell
Lines of Ricin and Ricin Provariants IC50.sub.Ricin IC50.sub.pAP214
IC50.sub.pAP220 IC50.sub.pAP224 Cell Line (ng/ml) IC50.sub.Ricin
IC50.sub.Ricin IC50.sub.Ricin COS-1 0.1 17 22 150 HT1080 0.5 2.46
2.14 193 9L 10.8 1.3 1.7 32.3 MCF-7 0.09 27.8 40 742 (without
estrogen)
Sequence CWU 1
1
14219632DNAArtificial SequenceBaculovirus transfer vector pVL1393
1aagctttact cgtaaagcga gttgaaggat catatttagt tgcgtttatg agataagatt
60gaaagcacgt gtaaaatgtt tcccgcgcgt tggcacaact atttacaatg cggccaagtt
120ataaaagatt ctaatctgat atgttttaaa acacctttgc ggcccgagtt
gtttgcgtac 180gtgactagcg aagaagatgt gtggaccgca gaacagatag
taaaacaaaa ccctagtatt 240ggagcaataa tcgatttaac caacacgtct
aaatattatg atggtgtgca ttttttgcgg 300gcgggcctgt tatacaaaaa
aattcaagta cctggccaga ctttgccgcc tgaaagcata 360gttcaagaat
ttattgacac ggtaaaagaa tttacagaaa agtgtcccgg catgttggtg
420ggcgtgcact gcacacacgg tattaatcgc accggttaca tggtgtgcag
atatttaatg 480cacaccctgg gtattgcgcc gcaggaagcc atagatagat
tcgaaaaagc cagaggtcac 540aaaattgaaa gacaaaatta cgttcaagat
ttattaattt aattaatatt atttgcattc 600tttaacaaat actttatcct
attttcaaat tgttgcgctt cttccagcga accaaaacta 660tgcttcgctt
gctccgttta gcttgtagcc gatcagtggc gttgttccaa tcgacggtag
720gattaggccg gatattctcc accacaatgt tggcaacgtt gatgttacgt
ttatgctttt 780ggttttccac gtacgtcttt tggccggtaa tagccgtaaa
cgtagtgccg tcgcgcgtca 840cgcacaacac cggatgtttg cgcttgtccg
cggggtattg aaccgcgcga tccgacaaat 900ccaccacttt ggcaactaaa
tcggtgacct gcgcgtcttt tttctgcatt atttcgtctt 960tcttttgcat
ggtttcctgg aagccggtgt acatgcggtt tagatcagtc atgacgcgcg
1020tgacctgcaa atctttggcc tcgatctgct tgtccttgat ggcaacgatg
cgttcaataa 1080actcttgttt tttaacaagt tcctcggttt tttgcgccac
caccgcttgc agcgcgtttg 1140tgtgctcggt gaatgtcgca atcagcttag
tcaccaactg tttgctctcc tcctcccgtt 1200gtttgatcgc gggatcgtac
ttgccggtgc agagcacttg aggaattact tcttctaaaa 1260gccattcttg
taattctatg gcgtaaggca atttggactt cataatcagc tgaatcacgc
1320cggatttagt aatgagcact gtatgcggct gcaaatacag cgggtcgccc
cttttcacga 1380cgctgttaga ggtagggccc ccattttgga tggtctgctc
aaataacgat ttgtatttat 1440tgtctacatg aacacgtata gctttatcac
aaactgtata ttttaaactg ttagcgacgt 1500ccttggccac gaaccggacc
tgttggtcgc gctctagcac gtaccgcagg ttgaacgtat 1560cttctccaaa
tttaaattct ccaattttaa cgcgagccat tttgatacac gtgtgtcgat
1620tttgcaacaa ctattgtttt ttaacgcaaa ctaaacttat tgtggtaagc
aataattaaa 1680tatgggggaa catgcgccgc tacaacactc gtcgttatga
acgcagacgg cgccggtctc 1740ggcgcaagcg gctaaaacgt gttgcgcgtt
caacgcggca aacatcgcaa aagccaatag 1800tacagttttg atttgcatat
taacggcgat tttttaaatt atcttattta ataaatagtt 1860atgacgccta
caactccccg cccgcgttga ctcgctgcac ctcgagcagt tcgttgacgc
1920cttcctccgt gtggccgaac acgtcgagcg ggtggtcgat gaccagcggc
gtgccgcacg 1980cgacgcacaa gtatctgtac accgaatgat cgtcgggcga
aggcacgtcg gcctccaagt 2040ggcaatattg gcaaattcga aaatatatac
agttgggttg tttgcgcata tctatcgtgg 2100cgttgggcat gtacgtccga
acgttgattt gcatgcaagc cgaaattaaa tcattgcgat 2160tagtgcgatt
aaaacgttgt acatcctcgc ttttaatcat gccgtcgatt aaatcgcgca
2220atcgagtcaa gtgatcaaag tgtggaataa tgttttcttt gtattcccga
gtcaagcgca 2280gcgcgtattt taacaaacta gccatcttgt aagttagttt
catttaatgc aactttatcc 2340aataatatat tatgtatcgc acgtcaagaa
ttaacaatgc gcccgttgtc gcatctcaac 2400acgactatga tagagatcaa
ataaagcgcg aattaaatag cttgcgacgc aacgtgcacg 2460atctgtgcac
gcgttccggc acgagctttg attgtaataa gtttttacga agcgatgaca
2520tgacccccgt agtgacaacg atcacgccca aaagaactgc cgactacaaa
attaccgagt 2580atgtcggtga cgttaaaact attaagccat ccaatcgacc
gttagtcgaa tcaggaccgc 2640tggtgcgaga agccgcgaag tatggcgaat
gcatcgtata acgtgtggag tccgctcatt 2700agagcgtcat gtttagacaa
gaaagctaca tatttaattg atcccgatga ttttattgat 2760aaattgaccc
taactccata cacggtattc tacaatggcg gggttttggt caaaatttcc
2820ggactgcgat tgtacatgct gttaacggct ccgcccacta ttaatgaaat
taaaaattcc 2880aattttaaaa aacgcagcaa gagaaacatt tgtatgaaag
aatgcgtaga aggaaagaaa 2940aatgtcgtcg acatgctgaa caacaagatt
aatatgcctc cgtgtataaa aaaaatattg 3000aacgatttga aagaaaacaa
tgtaccgcgc ggcggtatgt acaggaagag gtttatacta 3060aactgttaca
ttgcaaacgt ggtttcgtgt gccaagtgtg aaaaccgatg tttaatcaag
3120gctctgacgc atttctacaa ccacgactcc aagtgtgtgg gtgaagtcat
gcatctttta 3180atcaaatccc aagatgtgta taaaccacca aactgccaaa
aaatgaaaac tgtcgacaag 3240ctctgtccgt ttgctggcaa ctgcaagggt
ctcaatccta tttgtaatta ttgaataata 3300aaacaattat aaatgctaaa
tttgtttttt attaacgata caaaccaaac gcaacaagaa 3360catttgtagt
attatctata attgaaaacg cgtagttata atcgctgagg taatatttaa
3420aatcattttc aaatgattca cagttaattt gcgacaatat aattttattt
tcacataaac 3480tagacgcctt gtcgtcttct tcttcgtatt ccttctcttt
ttcatttttc tcctcataaa 3540aattaacata gttattatcg tatccatata
tgtatctatc gtatagagta aattttttgt 3600tgtcataaat atatatgtct
tttttaatgg ggtgtatagt accgctgcgc atagtttttc 3660tgtaatttac
aacagtgcta ttttctggta gttcttcgga gtgtgttgct ttaattatta
3720aatttatata atcaatgaat ttgggatcgt cggttttgta caatatgttg
ccggcatagt 3780acgcagcttc ttctagttca attacaccat tttttagcag
caccggatta acataacttt 3840ccaaaatgtt gtacgaaccg ttaaacaaaa
acagttcacc tcccttttct atactattgt 3900ctgcgagcag ttgtttgttg
ttaaaaataa cagccattgt aatgagacgc acaaactaat 3960atcacaaact
ggaaatgtct atcaatatat agttgctgat atcatggaga taattaaaat
4020gataaccatc tcgcaaataa ataagtattt tactgttttc gtaacagttt
tgtaataaaa 4080aaacctataa atattccgga ttattcatac cgtcccacca
tcgggcgcgg atcccgggta 4140ccttctagaa ttccggagcg gccgctgcag
atctgatcct ttcctgggac ccggcaagaa 4200ccaaaaactc actctcttca
aggaaatccg taatgttaaa cccgacacga tgaagcttgt 4260cgttggatgg
aaaggaaaag agttctacag ggaaacttgg acccgcttca tggaagacag
4320cttccccatt gttaacgacc aagaagtgat ggatgttttc cttgttgtca
acatgcgtcc 4380cactagaccc aaccgttgtt acaaattcct ggcccaacac
gctctgcgtt gcgaccccga 4440ctatgtacct catgacgtga ttaggatcgt
cgagccttca tgggtgggca gcaacaacga 4500gtaccgcatc agcctggcta
agaagggcgg cggctgccca ataatgaacc ttcactctga 4560gtacaccaac
tcgttcgaac agttcatcga tcgtgtcatc tgggagaact tctacaagcc
4620catcgtttac atcggtaccg actctgctga agaggaggaa attctccttg
aagtttccct 4680ggtgttcaaa gtaaaggagt ttgcaccaga cgcacctctg
ttcactggtc cggcgtatta 4740aaacacgata cattgttatt agtacattta
ttaagcgcta gattctgtgc gttgttgatt 4800tacagacaat tgttgtacgt
attttaataa ttcattaaat ttataatctt tagggtggta 4860tgttagagcg
aaaatcaaat gattttcagc gtctttatat ctgaatttaa atattaaatc
4920ctcaatagat ttgtaaaata ggtttcgatt agtttcaaac aagggttgtt
tttccgaacc 4980gatggctgga ctatctaatg gattttcgct caacgccaca
aaacttgcca aatcttgtag 5040cagcaatcta gctttgtcga tattcgtttg
tgttttgttt tgtaataaag gttcgacgtc 5100gttcaaaata ttatgcgctt
ttgtatttct ttcatcactg tcgttagtgt acaattgact 5160cgacgtaaac
acgttaaata aagcttggac atatttaaca tcgggcgtgt tagctttatt
5220aggccgatta tcgtcgtcgt cccaaccctc gtcgttagaa gttgcttccg
aagacgattt 5280tgccatagcc acacgacgcc tattaattgt gtcggctaac
acgtccgcga tcaaatttgt 5340agttgagctt tttggaatta tttctgattg
cgggcgtttt tgggcgggtt tcaatctaac 5400tgtgcccgat tttaattcag
acaacacgtt agaaagcgat ggtgcaggcg gtggtaacat 5460ttcagacggc
aaatctacta atggcggcgg tggtggagct gatgataaat ctaccatcgg
5520tggaggcgca ggcggggctg gcggcggagg cggaggcgga ggtggtggcg
gtgatgcaga 5580cggcggttta ggctcaaatg tctctttagg caacacagtc
ggcacctcaa ctattgtact 5640ggtttcgggc gccgtttttg gtttgaccgg
tctgagacga gtgcgatttt tttcgtttct 5700aatagcttcc aacaattgtt
gtctgtcgtc taaaggtgca gcgggttgag gttccgtcgg 5760cattggtgga
gcgggcggca attcagacat cgatggtggt ggtggtggtg gaggcgctgg
5820aatgttaggc acgggagaag gtggtggcgg cggtgccgcc ggtataattt
gttctggttt 5880agtttgttcg cgcacgattg tgggcaccgg cgcaggcgcc
gctggctgca caacggaagg 5940tcgtctgctt cgaggcagcg cttggggtgg
tggcaattca atattataat tggaatacaa 6000atcgtaaaaa tctgctataa
gcattgtaat ttcgctatcg tttaccgtgc cgatatttaa 6060caaccgctca
atgtaagcaa ttgtattgta aagagattgt ctcaagctcg ccgcacgccg
6120ataacaagcc ttttcatttt tactacagca ttgtagtggc gagacacttc
gctgtcgtcg 6180acgtacatgt atgctttgtt gtcaaaaacg tcgttggcaa
gctttaaaat atttaaaaga 6240acatctctgt tcagcaccac tgtgttgtcg
taaatgttgt ttttgataat ttgcgcttcc 6300gcagtatcga cacgttcaaa
aaattgatgc gcatcaattt tgttgttcct attattgaat 6360aaataagatt
gtacagattc atatctacga ttcgtcatgg ccaccacaaa tgctacgctg
6420caaacgctgg tacaatttta cgaaaactgc aaaaacgtca aaactcggta
taaaataatc 6480aacgggcgct ttggcaaaat atctatttta tcgcacaagc
ccactagcaa attgtatttg 6540cagaaaacaa tttcggcgca caattttaac
gctgacgaaa taaaagttca ccagttaatg 6600agcgaccacc caaattttat
aaaaatctat tttaatcacg gttccatcaa caaccaagtg 6660atcgtgatgg
actacattga ctgtcccgat ttatttgaaa cactacaaat taaaggcgag
6720ctttcgtacc aacttgttag caatattatt agacagctgt gtgaagcgct
caacgatttg 6780cacaagcaca atttcataca caacgacata aaactcgaaa
atgtcttata tttcgaagca 6840cttgatcgcg tgtatgtttg cgattacgga
ttgtgcaaac acgaaaactc acttagcgtg 6900cacgacggca cgttggagta
ttttagtccg gaaaaaattc gacacacaac tatgcacgtt 6960tcgtttgact
ggtacgcggc gtgttaacat acaagttgct aacgtaatca tggtcatagc
7020tgtttcctgt gtgaaattgt tatccgctca caattccaca caacatacga
gccggaagca 7080taaagtgtaa agcctggggt gcctaatgag tgagctaact
cacattaatt gcgttgcgct 7140cactgcccgc tttccagtcg ggaaacctgt
cgtgccagct gcattaatga atcggccaac 7200gcgcggggag aggcggtttg
cgtattgggc gctcttccgc ttcctcgctc actgactcgc 7260tgcgctcggt
cgttcggctg cggcgagcgg tatcagctca ctcaaaggcg gtaatacggt
7320tatccacaga atcaggggat aacgcaggaa agaacatgtg agcaaaaggc
cagcaaaagg 7380ccaggaaccg taaaaaggcc gcgttgctgg cgtttttcca
taggctccgc ccccctgacg 7440agcatcacaa aaatcgacgc tcaagtcaga
ggtggcgaaa cccgacagga ctataaagat 7500accaggcgtt tccccctgga
agctccctcg tgcgctctcc tgttccgacc ctgccgctta 7560ccggatacct
gtccgccttt ctcccttcgg gaagcgtggc gctttctcat agctcacgct
7620gtaggtatct cagttcggtg taggtcgttc gctccaagct gggctgtgtg
cacgaacccc 7680ccgttcagcc cgaccgctgc gccttatccg gtaactatcg
tcttgagtcc aacccggtaa 7740gacacgactt atcgccactg gcagcagcca
ctggtaacag gattagcaga gcgaggtatg 7800taggcggtgc tacagagttc
ttgaagtggt ggcctaacta cggctacact agaaggacag 7860tatttggtat
ctgcgctctg ctgaagccag ttaccttcgg aaaaagagtt ggtagctctt
7920gatccggcaa acaaaccacc gctggtagcg gtggtttttt tgtttgcaag
cagcagatta 7980cgcgcagaaa aaaaggatct caagaagatc ctttgatctt
ttctacgggg tctgacgctc 8040agtggaacga aaactcacgt taagggattt
tggtcatgag attatcaaaa aggatcttca 8100cctagatcct tttaaattaa
aaatgaagtt ttaaatcaat ctaaagtata tatgagtaaa 8160cttggtctga
cagttaccaa tgcttaatca gtgaggcacc tatctcagcg atctgtctat
8220ttcgttcatc catagttgcc tgactccccg tcgtgtagat aactacgata
cgggagggct 8280taccatctgg ccccagtgct gcaatgatac cgcgagaccc
acgctcaccg gctccagatt 8340tatcagcaat aaaccagcca gccggaaggg
ccgagcgcag aagtggtcct gcaactttat 8400ccgcctccat ccagtctatt
aattgttgcc gggaagctag agtaagtagt tcgccagtta 8460atagtttgcg
caacgttgtt gccattgcta caggcatcgt ggtgtcacgc tcgtcgtttg
8520gtatggcttc attcagctcc ggttcccaac gatcaaggcg agttacatga
tcccccatgt 8580tgtgcaaaaa agcggttagc tccttcggtc ctccgatcgt
tgtcagaagt aagttggccg 8640cagtgttatc actcatggtt atggcagcac
tgcataattc tcttactgtc atgccatccg 8700taagatgctt ttctgtgact
ggtgagtact caaccaagtc attctgagaa tagtgtatgc 8760ggcgaccgag
ttgctcttgc ccggcgtcaa tacgggataa taccgcgcca catagcagaa
8820ctttaaaagt gctcatcatt ggaaaacgtt cttcggggcg aaaactctca
aggatcttac 8880cgctgttgag atccagttcg atgtaaccca ctcgtgcacc
caactgatct tcagcatctt 8940ttactttcac cagcgtttct gggtgagcaa
aaacaggaag gcaaaatgcc gcaaaaaagg 9000gaataagggc gacacggaaa
tgttgaatac tcatactctt cctttttcaa tattattgaa 9060gcatttatca
gggttattgt ctcatgagcg gatacatatt tgaatgtatt tagaaaaata
9120aacaaatagg ggttccgcgc acatttcccc gaaaagtgcc acctgacgtc
taagaaacca 9180ttattatcat gacattaacc tataaaaata ggcgtatcac
gaggcccttt cgtctcgcgc 9240gtttcggtga tgacggtgaa aacctctgac
acatgcagct cccggagacg gtcacagctt 9300gtctgtaagc ggatgccggg
agcagacaag cccgtcaggg cgcgtcagcg ggtgttggcg 9360ggtgtcgggg
ctggcttaac tatgcggcat cagagcagat tgtactgaga gtgcaccata
9420tgcggtgtga aataccgcac agatgcgtaa ggagaaaata ccgcatcagg
cgccattcgc 9480cattcaggct gcgcaactgt tgggaagggc gatcggtgcg
ggcctcttcg ctattacgcc 9540agctggcgaa agggggatgt gctgcaaggc
gattaagttg ggtaacgcca gggttttccc 9600agtcacgacg ttgtaaaacg
acggccagtg cc 9632236DNAArtificial SequenceCathepsin B linker
regions of pAP-213 2tctttgctta aatcgagaat ggtgccaaat tttaat
3631855DNAArtificial SequenceCathepsin B linker regions of pAP-214
3gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctttgct
taaatcgaga atggtgccaa attttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 1855436DNAArtificial
SequenceMMP-3 linker regions of pAP-215 4cgtccgaagc cacagcaatt
ttttggactt atgaat 3651855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-216
insert 5gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt
ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa
catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca
ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca
actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg
tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag
agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc
360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga
tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat
tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg
agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc
gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt
cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat
660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc
agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg
caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa
agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc
tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt
ttcgtccgaa gccacagcaa ttttttggac ttatgaatgc tgatgtttgt
960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt
tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc
catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac
aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc
gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca
cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt
1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca
aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac
aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca
aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca
acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag
ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc
1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga
tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat
cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca
aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt
gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta
aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
1855636DNAArtificial SequenceMMP-7 linker regions of pAP-217
6tctttgcgtc cactggcatt gtggcgaagt tttaat 3671855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-218 insert 7gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctttgcg tccactggca
ttgtggcgaa gttttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc
tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta
1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa
tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca
tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt
ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg
gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat
atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt
1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat
acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac
gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa
cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt
ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt
accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag
1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct
taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat
atcgaattcc tgcag 1855836DNAArtificial SequenceMMP-9 linker regions
of pAP-219 8tctccgcaag gaattgcagg gcagcgaaat tttaat
3691855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-220 insert
9gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctccgca
aggaattgca gggcagcgaa attttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18551042DNAArtificial
SequenceTHERM-MMP linker regions of pAP-221 10gatgtggatg aaagggatgt
gagggaattt gcttcttttt ta 42111861DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized,
pAP-222 insert 11gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga
tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag
aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca
gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg
tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa
acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca
300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata
tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca
atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat
cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc
tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt ttgatgtgga tgaaagggat gtgagggaat ttgcttcttt
tttagctgat 960gtttgtatgg atcctgagcc catagtgcgt atcgtaggtc
gaaatggtct atgtgttgat 1020gttagggatg gaagattcca caacggaaac
gcaatacagt tgtggccatg caagtctaat 1080acagatgcaa atcagctctg
gactttgaaa agagacaata ctattcgatc taatggaaag 1140tgtttaacta
cttacgggta cagtccggga gtctatgtga tgatctatga ttgcaatact
1200gctgcaactg atgccacccg ctggcaaata tgggataatg gaaccatcat
aaatcccaga 1260tctagtctag ttttagcagc gacatcaggg aacagtggta
ccacacttac agtgcaaacc 1320aacatttatg ccgttagtca aggttggctt
cctactaata atacacaacc ttttgttaca 1380accattgttg ggctatatgg
tctgtgcttg caagcaaata gtggacaagt atggatagag 1440gactgtagca
gtgaaaaggc tgaacaacag tgggctcttt atgcagatgg ttcaatacgt
1500cctcagcaaa accgagataa ttgccttaca agtgattcta atatacggga
aacagttgtt 1560aagatcctct cttgtggccc tgcatcctct ggccaacgat
ggatgttcaa gaatgatgga 1620accattttaa atttgtatag tggattggtg
ttagatgtga ggcgatcgga tccgagcctt 1680aaacaaatca ttctttaccc
tctccatggt gacccaaacc aaatatggtt accattattt 1740tgatagacag
attactctct tgcagtgtgt gtgtcctgcc atgaaaatag atggcttaaa
1800taaaaaggac attgtaaatt ttgtaactga aaggacagca agttatatcg
aattcctgca 1860g 18611236DNAArtificial SequenceP.falciparum-A
linker regions of pAP-223 12caggtggttc aattgcagaa ttatgatgaa gaggat
36131855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-224 insert
13gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt ttcaggtggt
tcaattgcag aattatgatg aagaggatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18551436DNAArtificial
SequenceP.falciparum-B linker regions of pAP-225 14ttgccgattt
tcggggaatc ggaggacaat gatgaa 36151855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-226 insert 15gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt ttttgccgat tttcggggaa
tcggaggaca atgatgaagc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18551636DNAArtificial SequenceP.
falciparum-C linker regions of pAP-227 16caggtggtta caggggaagc
gatatcagtt actatg 36171855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized,
pAP-228 insert 17gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga
tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag
aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca
gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg
tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa
acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca
300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata
tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca
atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat
cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc
tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt ttcaggtggt tacaggggaa gcgatatcag ttactatggc
tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg
gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata
cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt
gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg
ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca
1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc
cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac
ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact
aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg
cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa
aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag
1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt
tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt
tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat
gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca
tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact
ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa
1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18551836DNAArtificial SequenceP. falciparum-D linker regions of
pAP-229 18gctttggaga gaacgttcct gtcgttccct actaat
36191855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-230 insert
19gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt ttgctttgga
gagaacgttc ctgtcgttcc ctactaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18552036DNAArtificial
SequenceP. falciparum-E linker regions of pAP-231 20aaattccaag
atatgctaaa taattcacag catcag 36211855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-232 insert 21gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt ttaaattcca agatatgcta
aataattcac agcatcaggc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta
aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18552236DNAArtificial SequenceHSV-A linker regions of pAP-233
22tctgcgcttg taaacgcatc gtcggcacat gttaat 36231855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-234 insert 23gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctgcgct tgtaaacgca
tcgtcggcac atgttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18552436DNAArtificial SequenceHSV-B
linker regions of pAP-235 24tctacgtatt tacaggcatc ggagaaattt aagaat
36251855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-236 insert
25gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctacgta
tttacaggca tcggagaaat ttaagaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18552636DNAArtificial
SequenceVZV-A linker regions of pAP-237 26tctcaggatg taaacgcagt
ggaggcaagt tctaat 36271855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized,
pAP-238 insert 27gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga
tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag
aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca
gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg
tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa
acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca
300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata
tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca
atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat
cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc
tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt tttctcagga tgtaaacgca gtggaggcaa gttctaatgc
tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg
gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata
cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt
gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg
ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca
1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc
cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac
ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact
aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg
cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa
aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag
1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt
tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt
tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat
gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca
tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact
ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa
1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18552836DNAArtificial SequenceVZV-B linker regions of pAP-239
28tctgtgtatt tacaggcatc gacgggatat ggtaat 36291855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-240 insert 29gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctgtgta tttacaggca
tcgacgggat atggtaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18553036DNAArtificial SequenceEBV-A
linker regions of pAP-241 30tctaagcttg tacaggcatc ggcgtcaggt gttaat
36311855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-242 insert
31gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt ttgtttcgca
gaactatcca atagtgcaaa attttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18553236DNAArtificial
SequenceEBV-B linker regions of pAP-243 32tcttcgtatc taaaggcatc
ggacgcacct gataat 36331855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized,
pAP-244 insert 33gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga
tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag
aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca
gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg
tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa
acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca
300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata
tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca
atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat
cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc
tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt tttcttcgta tctaaaggca tcggacgcac ctgataatgc
tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg
gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata
cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt
gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg
ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca
1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc
cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac
ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact
aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg
cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa
aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag
1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt
tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt
tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat
gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca
tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact
ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa
1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18553436DNAArtificial SequenceCMV-A linker regions of pAP-245
34tctggggttg taaatgcatc gtgtagactt gctaat 36351855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-246 insert 35gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctggggt tgtaaatgca
tcgtgtagac ttgctaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18553636DNAArtificial SequenceCMV-B
linker regions of pAP-247 36tcttcgtatg taaaggcatc ggtgtcacct gaaaat
36371855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pPA-248 insert
37gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt tttcttcgta tgtaaaggca tcggtgtcac ctgaaaatgc
tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg
gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata
cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt
gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg
ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca
1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc
cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac
ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact
aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg
cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa
aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag
1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt
tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt
tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat
gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca
tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact
ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa
1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18553836DNAArtificial SequenceHHV-6 linker regions of pAP-249
38tcttcgattt taaatgcatc ggtgccaaat tttaat 36391855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-250 insert 39gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttcttcgat tttaaatgca
tcggtgccaa attttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18554012PRTArtificial SequenceCancer
protease-sensitive AA linkers in pAP-213 and pAP-214 40Ser Leu Leu
Lys Ser Arg Met Val Pro Asn Phe Asn1 5 104112PRTArtificial
SequenceCancer protease-sensitive AA linkers in pAP-215 and pAP-216
41Arg Pro Lys Pro Gln Gln Phe Phe Gly Leu Met Asn1 5
104212PRTArtificial SequenceCancer protease-sensitive AA linkers in
pAP-217 and pAP-218 42Ser Leu Arg Pro Leu Ala Leu Trp Arg Ser Phe
Asn1 5 104312PRTArtificial SequenceCancer protease-sensitive AA
linkers in pAP-219 and pAP-220 43Ser Pro Gln Gly Ile Ala Gly Gln
Arg Asn Phe Asn1 5 104414PRTArtificial SequenceCancer
protease-sensitive AA linkers in aAP-221 and pAP-222 44Asp Val Asp
Glu Arg Asp Val Arg Gly Phe Ala Ser Phe Leu1 5 104512PRTArtificial
SequenceCancer protease-sensitive linkers pAP-241 and pAP-242 45Ser
Lys Leu Val Gln Ala Ser Ala Ser Gly Val Asn1 5 104612PRTArtificial
SequenceCancer protease-sensitive linkers pAP243 and pAP-244 46Ser
Ser Tyr Leu Lys Ala Ser Asp Ala Pro Asp Asn1 5 104736DNAArtificial
SequenceILV linker regions of pAP-253 47tctaagtatc tacaggcaaa
tgaggtaatt actaat 36481855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized,
pAP-254 insert 48gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga
tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag
aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca
gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg
tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa
acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca
300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata
tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca
atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat
cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc
tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt tttctaagta tctacaggca aatgaggtaa ttactaatgc
tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg
gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata
cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt
gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg
ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca
1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc
cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac
ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact
aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg
cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa
aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag
1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt
tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt
tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat
gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca
tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact
ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa
1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18554936DNAArtificial SequenceHAV-A linker regions of pAP-257
49tctgagctta gaacgcaatc gttctcaaat tggaat 36501855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-258 insert 50gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctgagct tagaacgcaa
tcgttctcaa attggaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18555136DNAArtificial SequenceHAV-B
linker regions of pAP-255 51tctgagcttt ggtcgcaagg gatcgatgat gataat
36521855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-256 insert
52gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctgagct
ttggtcgcaa gggatcgatg atgataatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18555336DNAArtificial
SequenceCAN linker regions of pAP-259 53tctaagcctg caaagttctt
caggctaaat tttaat 36541855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized,
pAP-260 insert 54gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga
tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag
aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca
gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg
tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa
acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca
300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata
tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca
atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat
cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc
tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt tttctaagcc tgcaaagttc ttcaggctaa attttaatgc
tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg
gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata
cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt
gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg
ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca
1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc
cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac
ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact
aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg
cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa
aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag
1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt
tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt
tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat
gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca
tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact
ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa
1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18555512PRTArtificial SequenceP.falciparum protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-223 and pAP-224 55Gln Val Val Gln Leu Gln Asn Tyr Asp
Glu Glu Asp1 5 105612PRTArtificial SequenceP.falciparum
protease-sensitive linkers pAP-225 and pAP-226 56Leu Pro Ile Phe
Gly Glu Ser Glu Asp Asn Asp Glu1 5 105712PRTArtificial
SequenceP.falciparum protease-sensitive linker pAP-227 and pAP-228
57Gln Val Val Thr Gly Glu Ala Ile Ser Val Thr Met1 5
105812PRTArtificial SequenceP.falciparum protease-sensitive linkers
pAP-229 and pAP-230 58Ala Leu Glu Arg Thr Phe Leu Ser Phe Pro Thr
Asn1 5 105912PRTArtificial SequenceP.falciparum protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-231 and pAP-232 59Lys Phe Gln Asp Met Leu Asn Ile Ser
Gln His Gln1 5 106012PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-233 and pAP-234 60Ser Ala Leu Val Asn Ala Ser Ser Ala
His Val Asn1 5 106112PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-235 and pAP-236 61Ser Thr Tyr Leu Gln Ala Ser Glu Lys
Phe Lys Asn1 5 106212PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-249 and pAP-250 62Ser Ser Ile Leu Asn Ala Ser Val Pro
Asn Phe Asn1 5 106312PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-245 and pAP-246 63Ser Gly Val Val Asn Ala Ser Cys Arg
Leu Ala Asn1 5 106412PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-247 and pAP-248 64Ser Ser Tyr Val Lys Ala Ser Val Ser
Pro Glu Asn1 5 106512PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-237 and aAP-238 65Ser Gln Asp Val Asn Ala Val Glu Ala
Ser Ser Asn1 5 106612PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-239 and pAP-240 66Ser Val Tyr Leu Gln Ala Ser Thr Gly
Tyr Gly Asn1 5 106712PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-253 and pAP-254 67Ser Lys Tyr Leu Gln Ala Asn Glu Val
Ile Thr Asn1 5 106812PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-255 and pAP-256 68Ser Glu Leu Arg Thr Gln Ser Phe Ser
Asn Trp Asn1 5 106912PRTArtificial SequenceViral protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-257 and pAP-258 69Ser Glu Leu Trp Ser Gln Gly Ile Asp
Asp Asp Asn1 5 107012PRTArtificial SequenceCandida aspartic
protease-sensitive linkers pAP-259 and pAP-260 70Ser Lys Pro Ala
Lys Phe Phe Arg Leu Asn Phe Asn1 5 107112PRTArtificial
SequenceCandida aspartic protease-sensitive linkers pAP-261 and
pAP- 71Ser Lys Pro Ile Glu Phe Phe Arg Leu Asn Phe Asn1
5 107212PRTArtificial SequenceCandida aspartic protease-sensitive
linkers pAP-263 and pAP-264 72Ser Lys Pro Ala Glu Phe Phe Ala Leu
Asn Phe Asn1 5 107336DNAArtificial SequenceHCV-A linker region of
pAP-262 73gatttggagg tagtgacatc gacatgggtt tttaat
36741855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-262 insert
74gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt ttgatttgga
ggtagtgaca tcgacatggg tttttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18557512PRTArtificial
SequenceMutant Preproricin linker region for HCV-A, pAP-262 75Asp
Leu Glu Val Val Thr Ser Thr Trp Val Phe Asn1 5 107636DNAArtificial
SequenceHCV-B linker region of pAP-264 76gatgagatgg aagagtgtgc
gtcacacctt tttaat 36771855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized,
pAP-264 insert 77gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga
tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag
aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca
gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg
tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa
acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca
300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata
tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca
atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat
cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc
tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt ttgatgagat ggaagagtgt gcgtcacacc tttttaatgc
tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg
gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata
cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt
gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg
ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca
1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc
cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac
ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact
aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg
cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa
aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag
1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt
tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt
tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat
gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca
tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact
ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa
1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18557812PRTArtificial SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for
HCV-B, pAP-264 78Asp Glu Met Glu Glu Cys Ala Ser His Leu Phe Asn1 5
107936DNAArtificial SequenceHCV-C linker region of pAP-266
79gaggacgttg tatgttgttc gatgtcatat tttaat 36801855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-266 insert 80gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt ttgaggacgt tgtatgttgt
tcgatgtcat attttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18558112PRTArtificial SequenceMutant
preproricin linker region for HCV-C, pAP-266 81Glu Asp Val Val Cys
Cys Ser Met Ser Tyr Phe Asn1 5 108236DNAArtificial SequenceHCV-D
linker region of pAP-268 82aaggggtgga gattgctagc gccaataact gcttat
36831855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-268 insert
83gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt ttaaggggtg
gagattgcta gcgccaataa ctgcttatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18558412PRTArtificial
SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for HCV-D, pAP-268 84Lys
Gly Trp Arg Leu Leu Ala Pro Ile Thr Ala Tyr1 5 108536DNAArtificial
SequenceMMP-2 linker region of pAP-270 85tctttgcccc tgggtttatg
ggctcctaat tttaat 36861855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized,
pAP-270 insert 86gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga
tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag
aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca
gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg
tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa
acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca
300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata
tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca
atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat
cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc
tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt tttctttgcc cctgggttta tgggctccta attttaatgc
tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg
gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata
cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt
gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg
ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca
1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc
cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac
ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact
aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg
cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa
aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag
1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt
tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt
tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat
gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca
tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact
ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa
1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18558712PRTArtificial SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for
MMP-2, pAP-270 87Ser Leu Pro Leu Gly Leu Trp Ala Pro Asn Phe Asn1 5
108836DNAArtificial SequenceCathepsin B (Site 2) linker region of
pAP-272 88tctttgctta tagctagaag gatgcctaat tttaat
36891855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-272 insert
89gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctttgct
tatagctaga aggatgccta attttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18559012PRTArtificial
SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for Cathepsin B (site 2),
p 90Ser Leu Leu Ile Ala Arg Arg Met Pro Asn Phe Asn1 5
109136DNAArtificial SequenceCathepsin L linker region of pAP-274
91tctttgctta tattccggtc atgggctaat tttaat 36921855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-274 insert 92gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctttgct tatattccgg
tcatgggcta attttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca
aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt
gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta
aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
18559312PRTArtificial SequenceMutant preproricin linker region of
Cathepsin L, pAP-274 93Ser Leu Leu Ile Phe Arg Ser Trp Ala Asn Phe
Asn1 5 109436DNAArtificial SequenceCathepsin D linker region of
pAP-276 94tctggtgttg tcatcgctac tgttattgtt atcacc
36951855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-276 insert
95gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg
60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc
120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag
ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg
atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata
aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt
tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg
gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca
420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg
tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata
tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat
tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat
ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag
aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc
720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga
gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg
gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct
ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctggtgt
tgtcatcgct actgttattg ttatcaccgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg
agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg
1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc
taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc
gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat
gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca
aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag
cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt
1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt
tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac
aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct
ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct
tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg
gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt
1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag
ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat
ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc
tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa
ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18559612PRTArtificial
SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for Cathepsin D, pAP-276
96Ser Gly Val Val Ile Ala Thr Val Ile Val Ile Thr1 5
109736DNAArtificial SequenceMMP-1 linker region of pAP-278
97tctttgggtc ctcaaggcat ttggggacag tttaat 36981855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-278 insert 98gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctttggg tcctcaaggc
atttggggac agtttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 18559912PRTArtificial SequenceMutant
preproricin linker region for MMP-1, pAP-278 99Ser Leu Gly Pro Gln
Gly Ile Trp Gly Gln Phe Asn1 5 1010036DNAArtificial
SequenceUrokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator linder region of
pAP-280 100aaaaaatccc ctggaagagt tgtcggtggc tctgta
361011855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-280 insert
101gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt
ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa
catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca
ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca
actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg
tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag
agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc
360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga
tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat
tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg
agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc
gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt
cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat
660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc
agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg
caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa
agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc
tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt
ttaaaaaatc ccctggaaga gttgtcggtg gctctgtagc tgatgtttgt
960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt
tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc
catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac
aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc
gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca
cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt
1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca
aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac
aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca
aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca
acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag
ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc
1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga
tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat
cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca
aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt
gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta
aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
185510212PRTArtificial SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for
Urokinase-Type Plasmino 102Lys Lys Ser Pro Gly Arg Val Val Gly Gly
Ser Val1 5 1010336DNAArtificial SequenceMT-MMP linker region of
pAP-282 103ccccaaggac tcctaggggc tcctggtatt cttggc
361041855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-282 insert
104gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt
ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa
catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca
ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca
actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg
tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag
agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc
360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga
tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat
tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg
agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc
gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt
cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat
660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc
agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg
caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa
agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc
tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt
ttccccaagg actcctaggg gctcctggta ttcttggcgc tgatgtttgt
960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt
tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc
catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac
aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc
gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca
cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt
1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca
aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac
aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca
aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca
acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag
ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc
1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga
tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat
cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca
aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt
gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta
aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
185510512PRTArtificial SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for
MT-MMP, PAP-282 105Pro Gln Gly Leu Leu Gly Ala Pro Gly Ile Leu Gly1
5 1010693DNAArtificial SequenceMMP-11 linker region of pAP-284
106cacggccccg agggtttaag agtgggattt tatgaatctg acgtcatggg
aagaggccat 60gctcgtttag ttcatgtcga agagcctcac act
931071912DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-284 insert
107gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt
ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa
catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca
ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca
actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg
tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag
agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc
360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga
tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat
tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg
agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc
gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt
cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat
660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc
agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg
caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa
agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc
tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt
ttcacggccc cgagggttta agagtgggat tttatgaatc tgacgtcatg
960ggaagaggcc atgctcgttt agttcatgtc gaagagcctc acactgctga
tgtttgtatg 1020gatcctgagc ccatagtgcg tatcgtaggt cgaaatggtc
tatgtgttga tgttagggat 1080ggaagattcc acaacggaaa cgcaatacag
ttgtggccat gcaagtctaa tacagatgca 1140aatcagctct ggactttgaa
aagagacaat actattcgat ctaatggaaa gtgtttaact 1200acttacgggt
acagtccggg agtctatgtg atgatctatg attgcaatac tgctgcaact
1260gatgccaccc gctggcaaat atgggataat ggaaccatca taaatcccag
atctagtcta 1320gttttagcag cgacatcagg gaacagtggt accacactta
cagtgcaaac caacatttat 1380gccgttagtc aaggttggct tcctactaat
aatacacaac cttttgttac aaccattgtt 1440gggctatatg gtctgtgctt
gcaagcaaat agtggacaag tatggataga ggactgtagc 1500agtgaaaagg
ctgaacaaca gtgggctctt tatgcagatg gttcaatacg tcctcagcaa
1560aaccgagata attgccttac aagtgattct aatatacggg aaacagttgt
taagatcctc 1620tcttgtggcc ctgcatcctc tggccaacga tggatgttca
agaatgatgg aaccatttta 1680aatttgtata gtggattggt gttagatgtg
aggcgatcgg atccgagcct taaacaaatc 1740attctttacc ctctccatgg
tgacccaaac caaatatggt taccattatt ttgatagaca 1800gattactctc
ttgcagtgtg tgtgtcctgc catgaaaata gatggcttaa ataaaaagga
1860cattgtaaat tttgtaactg aaaggacagc aagttatatc gaattcctgc ag
191210831PRTArtificial SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for
MMP-11, pAP-284 108His Gly Pro Glu Gly Leu Arg Val Gly Phe Tyr Glu
Ser Asp Val Met1 5 10 15Gly Arg Gly His Ala Arg Leu Val His Val Glu
Glu Pro His Thr 20 25 3010936DNAArtificial SequenceMMP-13 linker
region of pAP-286 109ggacctcagg ggcttgctgg tcaacgaggc attgtc
361101855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-286 insert
110gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt
ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa
catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca
ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca
actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg
tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag
agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc
360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga
tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat
tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg
agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc
gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt
cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat
660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc
agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg
caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa
agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc
tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt
ttggacctca ggggcttgct ggtcaacgag gcattgtcgc tgatgtttgt
960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt
tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc
catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac
aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc
gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca
cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt
1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca
aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac
aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca
aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca
acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag
ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc
1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga
tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat
cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca
aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt
gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta
aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
185511112PRTArtificial SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for
MMP-13, pAP-286 111Gly Pro Gln Gly Leu Ala Gly Gln Arg Gly Ile Val1
5 1011236DNAArtificial SequenceTissue-type Plasminogen Activator
linker region of pAP-288 112ggcggatctg ggcaaagggg tcgtaaagct cttgaa
361131855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized, pAP-288 insert
113gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt
ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa
catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca
ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca
actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg
tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag
agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc
360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga
tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat
tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg
agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc
gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt
cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat
660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc
agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg
caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa
agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc
tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt
ttggcggatc tgggcaaagg ggtcgtaaag ctcttgaagc tgatgtttgt
960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt
tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc
catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac
aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc
gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa
tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca
tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt
ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg
gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat
atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt
1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat
acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac
gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa
cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt
ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt
accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag
1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct
taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat
atcgaattcc tgcag 185511412PRTArtificial SequenceMutant preproricin
linker region for Tissue-type Plasminogen 114Gly Gly Ser Gly Gln
Arg Gly Arg Lys Ala Leu Glu1 5 1011536DNAArtificial SequenceHuman
Prostate-Specific Antigen linker region of pAP-290 115tctttgtcag
ctcttctctc ttccgatatt tttaat 361161855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-290 insert 116gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctttgtc agctcttctc
tcttccgata tttttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 185511712PRTArtificial SequenceMutant
preproricin linker region-human Prostate-Specific Ant 117Ser Leu
Ser Ala Leu Leu Ser Ser Asp Ile Phe Asn1 5 1011836DNAArtificial
SequenceKallikrein linker region of pAP-292 118tctttgccta
gatttaaaat tatcggtggc tttaat 361191855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-292 insert 119gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctttgcc tagatttaaa
attatcggtg gctttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 185512012PRTArtificial SequenceMutant
Preproricin linker region for Kallikrein, pap-292 120Ser Leu Pro
Arg Phe Lys Ile Ile Gly Gly Phe Asn1 5 1012136DNAArtificial
SequenceNeutrophil elastase linker region of pAP-294 121tctttgcttg
gcattgctgt tcctggtaat tttaat 361221855DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthesized, pAP-294 insert 122gaattcatga aaccgggagg
aaatactatt gtaatatgga tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc
agggtggtct ttcacattag aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc
caattataaa ctttaccaca gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac
180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca
tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt
ttattttagt tgaactctca 300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg
ctggatgtca ccaatgcata tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc
atatttcttt catcctgaca atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc
ttttcactga tgttcaaaat cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat
480gatagacttg aacaacttgc tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg
aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg
gtggcactca gcttccaact 600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa
atgatttcag aagcagcaag attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac
gagaattagg tacaaccgga gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac
ttgagaatag ttgggggaga ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa
780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt
cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt
atagatgcgc acctccacca 900tcgtcacagt tttctttgct tggcattgct
gttcctggta attttaatgc tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt
gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat
tccacaacgg aaacgcaata cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat
1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg
aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct
atgattgcaa tactgctgca 1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat
aatggaacca tcataaatcc cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc
agggaacagt ggtaccacac ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta
gtcaaggttg gcttcctact aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt
1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat
agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag
atggttcaat acgtcctcag 1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat
tctaatatac gggaaacagt tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc
ctctggccaa cgatggatgt tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt
atagtggatt ggtgttagat gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa
1680atcattcttt accctctcca tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt
attttgatag 1740acagattact ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa
atagatggct taaataaaaa 1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac
agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag 185512312PRTArtificial SequenceMutant
preproricin linker region for neutrophil elastase, pA 123Ser Leu
Leu Gly Ile Ala Val Pro Gly Asn Phe Asn1 5 1012436DNAArtificial
SequenceCalpain linker region of pAP-296 124tttttcaaaa atattgttac
tcctagaacc ccccca 361251855DNAArtificial SequenceSynthesized,
pAP-296 insert 125gaattcatga aaccgggagg aaatactatt gtaatatgga
tgtatgcagt ggcaacatgg 60ctttgttttg gatccacctc agggtggtct ttcacattag
aggataacaa catattcccc 120aaacaatacc caattataaa ctttaccaca
gcgggtgcca ctgtgcaaag ctacacaaac 180tttatcagag ctgttcgcgg
tcgtttaaca actggagctg atgtgagaca tgatatacca 240gtgttgccaa
acagagttgg tttgcctata aaccaacggt ttattttagt tgaactctca
300aatcatgcag agctttctgt tacattagcg ctggatgtca ccaatgcata
tgtggtcggc 360taccgtgctg gaaatagcgc atatttcttt catcctgaca
atcaggaaga tgcagaagca 420atcactcatc ttttcactga tgttcaaaat
cgatatacat tcgcctttgg tggtaattat 480gatagacttg aacaacttgc
tggtaatctg agagaaaata tcgagttggg aaatggtcca 540ctagaggagg
ctatctcagc gctttattat tacagtactg gtggcactca gcttccaact
600ctggctcgtt cctttataat ttgcatccaa atgatttcag aagcagcaag
attccaatat 660attgagggag aaatgcgcac gagaattagg tacaaccgga
gatctgcacc agatcctagc 720gtaattacac ttgagaatag ttgggggaga
ctttccactg caattcaaga gtctaaccaa 780ggagcctttg ctagtccaat
tcaactgcaa agacgtaatg gttccaaatt cagtgtgtac 840gatgtgagta
tattaatccc tatcatagct ctcatggtgt atagatgcgc acctccacca
900tcgtcacagt tttttttcaa aaatattgtt actcctagaa cccccccagc
tgatgtttgt 960atggatcctg agcccatagt gcgtatcgta ggtcgaaatg
gtctatgtgt tgatgttagg 1020gatggaagat tccacaacgg aaacgcaata
cagttgtggc catgcaagtc taatacagat 1080gcaaatcagc tctggacttt
gaaaagagac aatactattc gatctaatgg aaagtgttta 1140actacttacg
ggtacagtcc gggagtctat gtgatgatct atgattgcaa tactgctgca
1200actgatgcca cccgctggca aatatgggat aatggaacca tcataaatcc
cagatctagt 1260ctagttttag cagcgacatc agggaacagt ggtaccacac
ttacagtgca aaccaacatt 1320tatgccgtta gtcaaggttg gcttcctact
aataatacac aaccttttgt tacaaccatt 1380gttgggctat atggtctgtg
cttgcaagca aatagtggac aagtatggat agaggactgt 1440agcagtgaaa
aggctgaaca acagtgggct ctttatgcag atggttcaat acgtcctcag
1500caaaaccgag ataattgcct tacaagtgat tctaatatac gggaaacagt
tgttaagatc 1560ctctcttgtg gccctgcatc ctctggccaa cgatggatgt
tcaagaatga tggaaccatt 1620ttaaatttgt atagtggatt ggtgttagat
gtgaggcgat cggatccgag ccttaaacaa 1680atcattcttt accctctcca
tggtgaccca aaccaaatat ggttaccatt attttgatag 1740acagattact
ctcttgcagt gtgtgtgtcc tgccatgaaa atagatggct taaataaaaa
1800ggacattgta aattttgtaa ctgaaaggac agcaagttat atcgaattcc tgcag
185512612PRTArtificial SequenceMutant preproricin linker region for
calpain, pAP-296 126Phe Phe Lys Asn Ile Val Thr Pro Arg Thr Pro
Pro1 5 1012712PRTArtificial SequenceWild type linker region 127Ser
Leu Leu Ile Arg Pro Val Val Pro Asn Phe Asn1 5 1012820DNAArtificial
SequenceOligonucleotide primers 128aattaaccct cactaaaggg
2012922DNAArtificial SequenceT7 primer 129gtaatacgac tcactatagg gc
2213033DNAArtificial SequenceOligonucleotide primer-Ricin-109
130ggagatgaaa ccgggaggaa atactattgt aat 3313131DNAArtificial
SequenceOligonucleotid primer-Ricin-99Eco 131gcggaattcc gggaggaaat
actattgtaa t 3113218DNAArtificial SequenceOligonucleotide
primer-Ricin267 132acggtttatt ttagttga 1813318DNAArtificial
SequenceOligonucleotide primer-Ricin486 133acttgctggt aatctgag
1813418DNAArtificial SequenceOligonucleotide primer-Ricin725
134agaatagttg ggggagac 1813518DNAArtificial SequenceOligonucleotide
primer-Ricin 937 135aatgctgatg tttgtatg 1813618DNAArtificial
SequenceOligonucleotide primer-Ricin 1151 136cgggagtcta tgtgatga
1813718DNAArtificial SequenceOligonucleotide primer-Ricin 1399
137gcaaatagtg gacaagta 1813818DNAArtificial SequenceOligonucleotide
primer-Ricin 1627 138ggattggtgt tagatgtg 1813919DNAArtificial
SequenceOligonucleotide primer-Ricin 1729C 139ataacttgct gtcctttca
1914027DNAArtificial SequenceOligonucleotide primer-Ricin 1729C Xba
140cgctctagat aacttgctgt cctttca 2714143DNAArtificial
SequenceRicin109-Eco Oligonucleotide 141ggaggaatcc ggagatgaaa
ccgggaggaa atactattgt aat 4314233DNAArtificial
SequenceRicin1729-PstI 142gtaggcgctg cagataactt gctgtccttt cag
33
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