U.S. patent application number 12/629829 was filed with the patent office on 2011-06-02 for shoe sole with compressible protruding element.
This patent application is currently assigned to BROWN SHOE COMPANY, INC.. Invention is credited to Jeffery F. Feng, Marc Hunter, Bryce Rutter, Jonathan Sundy, David L. Vattes.
Application Number | 20110126422 12/629829 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44067780 |
Filed Date | 2011-06-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110126422 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Vattes; David L. ; et
al. |
June 2, 2011 |
SHOE SOLE WITH COMPRESSIBLE PROTRUDING ELEMENT
Abstract
A footwear sole assembly with at least one compressible
protruding element extending downwardly beyond the bottom surface
of the outsole, the at least one protruding element providing a
natural instability to a wearer when the sole assembly initially
contacts a supporting surface. The at least one protruding element
is a three-dimensional structure formed of a substantially solid
elastomeric material. In another embodiment, the at least one
protruding element may also protrude upwardly beyond the sole
assembly in such a manner that the wearer's foot can apply pressure
to the top portion of said at least one protruding element.
Inventors: |
Vattes; David L.;
(University City, MO) ; Feng; Jeffery F.;
(Chesterfield, MO) ; Sundy; Jonathan; (St. Louis,
MO) ; Rutter; Bryce; (St. Louis, MO) ; Hunter;
Marc; (St. Louis, MO) |
Assignee: |
BROWN SHOE COMPANY, INC.
St. Louis
MO
|
Family ID: |
44067780 |
Appl. No.: |
12/629829 |
Filed: |
December 2, 2009 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/10 ; 36/28;
36/30R |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B 13/145 20130101;
A43B 7/144 20130101; A43B 7/1445 20130101; A43B 7/149 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
36/10 ; 36/30.R;
36/28 |
International
Class: |
A43B 17/00 20060101
A43B017/00; A43B 13/12 20060101 A43B013/12; A43B 13/18 20060101
A43B013/18 |
Claims
1. A shoe construction comprising: an upper shaped and sized to
receive a foot portion of a wearer; and a sole assembly attached to
said upper, the sole assembly including: an outsole; and at least
one protrusion extending outwardly from a bottom surface of said
outsole, said at least one protrusion being comprised of an
elastomeric compressible material, said at least one protrusion
having at least partially an arcuate surface.
2. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein the sole assembly
comprises a first protrusion and a second protrusion, said first
protrusion being disposed at a location corresponding to a location
where a forefoot of a wearer's foot would sit on said outsole; and
said second protrusion being disposed at a location corresponding
to a location where a heel of a wearer's foot would sit on said
outsole.
3. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said at least one
protrusion includes a top component, a bottom component and means
for securing said at least one protrusion within the sole assembly,
a portion of said top component protruding upwardly beyond said
sole assembly, a portion of said bottom component protruding
downwardly beyond the bottom surface of said outsole, both said top
component and said bottom component having at least partially an
arcuate surface.
4. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein at least one opening is
formed in said outsole, said at least one protrusion protruding
through said at least one opening outwardly beyond the bottom
surface of said outsole.
5. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said at least one
protrusion includes a peripheral flange for securing said at least
one protrusion to said sole assembly.
6. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said at least one
protrusion includes one or more substantially solid pieces of
elastomeric material.
7. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said at least one
protrusion has a curved upper surface.
8. The shoe construction of claim 1 further comprising a sock
liner, said sock liner including an opening disposed at a location
in registration with the location of said at least one protrusion
in such a manner that the wearer's foot can apply pressure on said
at least one protrusion through said opening.
9. The shoe construction of claim 8 wherein said sock liner further
includes a thin layer covering said opening.
10. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said outsole includes
a recess on the bottom surface thereof along an outer peripheral
edge of said at least one protrusion.
11. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein the sole assembly
further comprises a midsole disposed between the upper and said
outsole, said at least one protrusion including means for securing
said at least one protrusion between said midsole and said
outsole.
12. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said elastomeric
compressible material exhibits a cushion effect that is
characterized by a generally linear force versus deflection curve
up to about 50% deflection.
13. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said at least one
protrusion is removably attachable to and removably detachable from
said sole assembly.
14. The shoe construction of claim 13 further comprising a cord
affixed to said at least one protrusion in such a manner that said
at least one protrusion can be removably detachable from said sole
assembly by pulling said cord.
15. The shoe construction of claim 13 further comprising an
adhesive strip attached to said at least one protrusion in such a
manner that said at least one protrusion can be removably
attachable to said sole assembly with said adhesive strip.
16. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said at least one
protrusion is disposed at a location corresponding to a location
where a forefoot of a wearer would sit on said outsole.
17. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said at least one
protrusion is disposed at a location corresponding to a location
where a heel of a wearer would sit on said outsole.
18. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said sole assembly
further includes a skin layer positioned beneath said protrusion,
said skin layer covering substantially an entire bottom surface of
said protrusion.
19. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein the bottom surface of
said outsole includes a curved surface extending beneath said
protrusion, said curved surface covering substantially an entire
bottom surface of said protrusion.
20. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said at least one
protrusion extends a distance in the range of about 4 mm to about 2
inches between the bottom surface of said outsole and a bottom edge
of said protrusion.
21. The shoe construction of claim 1 wherein said sole assembly
includes a midsole disposed above said outsole and said at least
one protrusion includes a top component, the top component
extending a distance in the range of about 1 mm to about 1 inch
between a top surface of said midsole and a top edge of the top
component.
22. A shoe construction comprising: an upper shaped and sized to
receive a foot portion of a wearer; and a sole assembly attached to
said upper, the sole assembly having a forefoot portion and a heel
portion, the sole assembly including: a midsole; an outsole
disposed below said midsole; and a first protrusion and a second
protrusion, said first protrusion being disposed in the heel
portion, said second protrusion being disposed in the forefoot
portion, both said first and second protrusions projecting downward
from a bottom surface of said outsole, each of said first and
second protrusions being comprised of an elastomeric compressible
material.
23. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein at least one of said
first and second protrusions includes a top component, a bottom
component and means for securing said protrusion within said sole
assembly, a portion of said top component protruding upwardly
beyond the sole assembly, a portion of said bottom component
protruding downwardly beyond said outsole, both said top component
and said bottom component having at least partially an arcuate
surface.
24. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein said outsole includes
a first opening and a second opening, said first protrusion
protruding through said first opening outwardly beyond said outsole
and said second protrusion protruding through said second opening
outwardly beyond said outsole.
25. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein at least one of said
first and second protrusions includes a peripheral flange for
securing said protrusion between said midsole and said outsole.
26. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein at least one of said
first and second protrusions includes one or more substantially
solid pieces of elastomeric material.
27. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein at least one of said
first and second protrusions has a curved upper surface.
28. The shoe construction of claim 22 further comprising a sock
liner, said sock liner including at least one opening disposed at a
location in registration with at least one of said first and second
protrusions in such a manner that the wearer's foot can apply
pressure on at least one of said first and second protrusions
through said at least one opening.
29. The shoe construction of claim 28 wherein said sock liner
further includes a thin layer covering said at least one
opening.
30. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein said outsole includes
a recess on the bottom surface thereof along an outer peripheral
edge of at least one of said first and second protrusions.
31. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein said elastomeric
compressible material exhibits a cushion effect that is
characterized by a generally linear force versus deflection curve
up to about 50% deflection.
32. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein at least one of said
first and second protrusions is removably attachable to and
removably detachable from said sole assembly.
33. The shoe construction of claim 32 further comprising a cord
affixed to at least one of said first and second protrusions in
such a manner that said protrusion can be removably detachable from
said sole assembly by pulling said cord.
34. The shoe construction of claim 33 further comprising an
adhesive strip attached to at least one of said first and second
protrusions in such a manner that said protrusion can be removably
attachable to said sole assembly with said adhesive strip.
35. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein said sole assembly
further includes at least one skin layer positioned beneath at
least one of said first and second protrusions, said at least one
skin layer covering substantially an entire bottom surface of said
at least one protrusion.
36. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein a bottom surface of
said outsole includes a curved surface extending beneath at least
one of said first and second protrusions, said curved surface
covering substantially an entire bottom surface of said at least
one protrusion.
37. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein at least one of said
first and second protrusions extends a distance in the range of
about 4 mm to about 2 inches between a bottom surface of said
outsole and a bottom edge of said at least one protrusion.
38. The shoe construction of claim 22 wherein at least one of said
first and second protrusions includes a top component, the top
component extending a distance in the range of about 1 mm to about
1 inch between a top surface of said midsole and a top edge of the
top component.
39. A shoe construction comprising: an upper shaped and sized to
receive a foot portion of a wearer; and a sole assembly attached to
said upper, the sole assembly including: an outsole including at
least one opening; and at least one substantially solid protruding
element extending outwardly from a bottom surface of said outsole
through said opening, said at least one protruding element being
formed of at least one elastomeric compressible material, said at
least one protruding element including a ground engaging surface
having at least partially an arcuate shape.
40. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein the sole assembly
comprises a first protruding element and a second protruding
element, said first protruding element being disposed at a location
corresponding to a location where a heel of a wearer's foot would
sit on said outsole, and said second protruding element being
disposed at a location corresponding to a location where a forefoot
of a wearer's foot would sit on said outsole.
41. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein said at least one
protruding element comprises a top component, a bottom component
and means for securing said at least one protruding element within
the sole assembly, a portion of said top component protruding
upwardly beyond the sole assembly, a portion of said bottom
component protruding downwardly beyond the bottom surface of said
outsole, both said top component and said bottom component having
at least partially an arcuate surface.
42. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein said at least one
protruding element includes a peripheral flange for securing said
at least one protruding element to said sole assembly.
43. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein said at least one
protruding element has a curved upper surface.
44. The shoe construction of claim 39 further comprising a sock
liner, said sock liner including at least one opening disposed at a
location in registration with said at least one protruding element
in such a manner that the wearer's foot can apply pressure on said
at least one protruding element through said at least one
opening.
45. The shoe construction of claim 44 wherein said sock liner
further includes a thin layer covering said at least one opening
thereof.
46. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein said outsole includes
a recess on the bottom surface thereof along an outer peripheral
edge of said at least one protruding element.
47. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein the sole assembly
further includes a midsole disposed between the upper and said
outsole, said at least one protruding element including means for
securing said at least one protruding element between said midsole
and said outsole.
48. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein said elastomeric
compressible material exhibits a cushion effect that is
characterized by a generally linear force versus deflection curve
up to about 50% deflection.
49. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein said at least one
protruding element is removably attachable to and removably
detachable from said sole assembly.
50. The shoe construction of claim 49 further including a cord
affixed to said at least one protruding element in such a manner
that said protruding element can be removably detachable from said
sole assembly by pulling said cord.
51. The shoe construction of claim 49 further including an adhesive
strip attached to said at least one protruding element in such a
manner that said at least one protruding element can be removably
attachable to said sole assembly with said adhesive strip.
52. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein said sole assembly
further includes a skin layer positioned beneath said at least one
protruding element, said skin layer covering said ground engaging
surface.
53. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein a bottom surface of
said outsole includes a curved surface extending beneath said at
least one protruding element, said curved surface covering said
ground engaging surface.
54. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein said at least one
substantially solid protruding element extends a distance in the
range of about 4 mm to about 2 inches between a bottom surface of
said outsole and a bottom edge of said at least one protruding
element.
55. The shoe construction of claim 39 wherein said sole assembly
includes a midsole disposed above said outsole and said at least
one substantially solid protruding element includes a top
component, the top component extending a distance in the range of
about 1 mm to about 1 inch between a top surface of said midsole
and a top edge of the top component.
56. A shoe construction comprising: an upper shaped and sized to
receive a foot portion of a wearer; and a sole assembly attached to
said upper, the sole assembly including an outsole having an
opening disposed at a location corresponding to a location where a
heel of a wearer's foot would sit on the outsole; and a resilient
ball-shaped element extending downwardly from a bottom surface of
said outsole through said opening, said ball-shaped element being
formed of at least one elastomeric compressible material and
including a ground engaging surface having at least partially an
arcuate shape so as to create a temporary instability to the wearer
of the shoe construction when said ball-shaped element initially
contacts a supporting surface, and securing means to secure the
ball-shaped element within said sole assembly.
57. A shoe construction comprising: a sole assembly having a heel
portion and a forefoot portion wherein said sole assembly including
an outsole; and a substantially solid protruding element disposed
in the heel portion, the protruding element projecting downwardly
from a bottom surface of said outsole, the protruding element being
formed of at least one elastomeric compressible material and
including a curved ground engaging surface, said protruding element
including securing means to secure the protruding element to said
sole assembly.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a footwear construction
and, more particularly, to a footwear sole construction with one or
more compressible protruding elements or elastomeric ball-shaped
objects.
[0002] Numerous attempts have been made over the years to
incorporate into a shoe means for providing improved cushioning and
resiliency to the shoe. These attempts have included using air
cushioning systems such as air cavities or air bladders disposed
within the sole of a shoe. However, the conventional cushioning
systems only give wearers comfort by cushioning effect.
[0003] On the other hand, physical exercise of the foot through
ranges of motion and physical stretching have provided for many a
modicum of relief. Manual manipulation of an elastomeric member,
for example, a rubber ball or stress ball, has proven beneficial to
some for muscle toning and/or relief of stress. Furthermore, the
benefits of exercising or sitting on a resilient ball, for example,
sitting on a fitness ball, are well known. In this regard, the body
responds to the instability of the ball and one attempts to remain
balanced on the ball thereby engaging many more muscles than
normal. Those muscles used to maintain one's balance on the ball
become stronger over time. Movement of one's body on the ball
changes the center of gravity of the user and causes the user's
unused muscles to tighten automatically to maintain balance and
stability on the ball.
[0004] It would therefore be advantageous to apply the benefits of
the stress ball and fitness ball under the foot and develop a
footwear platform that both provides comfort and cushioning from
impact yet also promotes fitness and muscle toning through normal
use. Since a ball is a natural geometric shape that enables
multi-axial balance and motion, developing these attributes in a
shoe sole would be desirable.
[0005] Thus, there exists a need in the art for a system that can
be used in footwear to provide natural temporary instability
thereby improving balance and muscle tone.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0006] The present invention pertains generally to a footwear sole
assembly which includes one or more elastomeric compressible
protruding elements extending outwardly and downwardly from the
outsole of the sole assembly. The sole of a typical shoe generally
serves three purposes: cushioning, protection and support. Any one
of these functions may be accomplished by numerous materials or
structure. The present invention serves an additional purpose of
exercising certain muscles of the body by providing a natural
instability to a wearer's foot.
[0007] The protruding compressible elements of the present
invention function as an exercise tool for promoting balance and
muscle toning. The present invention promotes balance because when
the protruding element first strikes the ground or other walking
surface, the shape of the protruding element provides deflection of
the user's foot and shoe to one side or the other, such deflection
being suitable for short term instability. When the user's foot
first comes into contact with the ground or the walking surface,
contact is first made between the protruding element and the
supporting surface. This impact causes the protruding elements to
compress as a reaction to how a user's foot first lands on the
supporting surface and creates a temporary instability. The user's
body responds to this instability of the protruding compressible
elements to remain balanced thereby engaging many more muscles to
recover to a normal transition. This compression, deflection and
recovery cycle is what creates the workout or exercise system to
trim and tone certain muscles.
[0008] In one aspect of the present invention, the present
invention provides a shoe construction comprised of an
arcuate-shaped protrusion projected downwardly beyond the bottom
surface of the outsole toward the ground. The protrusion element is
a three-dimensional, substantially solid structure formed of a
suitable elastomeric material so as to create temporary instability
to a wearer of the footwear and to allow the resilient material to
be compressed. The protrusion element is physically exposed beyond
the outsole.
[0009] In accordance with the present invention, the compressible
protruding element first comes in contact with the ground or other
supporting surface so as to create a natural temporary instability
to the wearer's foot. The force of the ground contacting the
protrusion and the force of the wearer's heel on the sole assembly
and top surface of the protrusion causes the protrusion to be
compressed. As the bottom component of the protrusion is
compressed, the peripheral edges of the outsole around the
protrusion come in contact with the ground so as to provide
stability to the wearer's foot during subsequent movement.
[0010] Each protrusion element is a partially or substantially
ball-shaped object made of any of a number of suitable resilient
materials such as foam rubber or plastic. In use, the protrusion
element provides a cushioning effect as well as natural
instability. The sole assembly comprises at least one protrusion
element formed on the bottom surface thereof, extending generally
from the heel portion and/or forefoot portion of the outsole. The
protrusion element can be designed to follow many geometric shapes,
for example, spherical, oval, elliptical and so forth, that can be
varied depending on the end use. The protrusion element formed on
the bottom surface of the outsole provides the cushioning and
deflection suitable for short term instability.
[0011] In accordance with the present invention, protrusion
elements are affixed to the sole assembly in a variety of different
ways. In this regard, each protrusion element may include a
peripheral flange extending outwardly from the outer surface
thereof. The peripheral flange allows the protrusion element to be
secured in proper position within the sole assembly. The protrusion
element has a generally round-shaped or elliptical configuration
that extends vertically down in the vicinity of the heel and/or
forefoot area with the bottom edges thereof tapered downwardly and
inwardly, for defining a semi-ball shaped protrusion. The sole
assembly, which includes preferably a midsole and an outsole,
receives the protrusion element such that the peripheral flange of
the protrusion is held in place within the sole assembly, and is
preferably disposed between the midsole and outsole. However, other
securing means to hold the protrusion elements in place within the
sole assembly can likewise be used without departing from the
spirit and scope of the invention. Also, the protrusion element can
be molded directly into the sole assembly.
[0012] Specific advantages and features of the present sole
assembly will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and the
description of several illustrative embodiments of the present
invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a shoe
with compressible protruding elements constructed in accordance
with the teachings of the present invention.
[0014] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of
a shoe showing various components thereof.
[0015] FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment
of a shoe showing various components thereof.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side view of the present sole
assembly showing two compressible protruding elements.
[0017] FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the sole assembly of FIG. 4
showing two compressible protruding elements.
[0018] FIG. 6 is a fragmentary side view of the present sole
assembly showing the use of one compressible protruding
element.
[0019] FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the sole assembly of FIG. 6
showing one compressible protruding element.
[0020] FIG. 8A is a fragmentary perspective view of one embodiment
of the present compressible protruding element.
[0021] FIG. 8B is a fragmentary perspective view of a second
alternative embodiment of the present compressible protruding
element.
[0022] FIG. 8C is a fragmentary perspective view of a third
alternative embodiment of the present compressible protruding
element.
[0023] FIG. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of the present
compressible protruding element secured within the sole
assembly.
[0024] FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view of the present sole
assembly with a compressible protruding element taken along line
9A-9A of FIG. 9 wherein the cover layer of the protruding element
is associated with the protruding element.
[0025] FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the present sole
assembly with a compressible protruding element taken along line
9B-9B of FIG. 9 wherein the cover layer of the protruding element
is associated with the outsole.
[0026] FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate various embodiments of the
protruding element construction having a different core member
embedded therewithin.
[0027] FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate another embodiment of a shoe having
an open top shoe and incorporating a protruding element in the heel
area.
[0028] FIG. 12 is a fragmentary perspective view of an alternative
embodiment of the present compressible protruding element shown
from the bottom of the outsole.
[0029] FIGS. 13A and 13B are perspective views of a sock liner with
an opening formed therein.
[0030] FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate cross-sectional views of various
embodiments of an interchangeable protruding element.
[0031] FIG. 15 is a typical force vs. deflection curve for an
elastomeric compressible material suitable for use as a protruding
element.
[0032] It should be understood that the drawings are not
necessarily to scale and that the embodiments disclosed herein are
sometimes illustrated by fragmentary views. In certain instances,
details which are not necessary for an understanding of the present
invention or which render other details difficult to perceive may
have been omitted. It should also be understood that the invention
is not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments
illustrated herein. Like numbers utilized throughout the various
figures designate like or similar parts or structure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] A shoe generally includes an upper and a sole assembly that
is affixed to the upper. The sole assembly includes an insole, a
midsole, and an outsole, each having a peripheral shape designed to
conform to the shape of a wearer's foot. To facilitate disclosure
of the present invention, reference will be made to various general
areas of the foot, such as the heel, arch and forefoot areas. When
used to refer to locations on the various sole components, these
terms should be interpreted to include those areas of the outsole
that are disposed generally (and not necessarily directly) beneath
the corresponding elements of the foot. It should be understood,
however, that the boundaries between the heel, arch and forefoot
areas are not precise and that these terms should be interpreted
loosely and with a great deal of flexibility.
[0034] The reference numeral 10 designates generally a shoe
construction as seen in FIGS. 1-3. Sole assembly 12 generally
includes an insole 14, a midsole 16 and an outer sole or outsole 18
which are secured together in any suitable manner such as by a
suitable adhesive and the like. Midsole 16 is typically positioned
above the outsole 18 and a sock liner 20 is typically positioned
above the midsole 16, and above the insole 14 when an insole is
used. Insole 14 or some other sole layer component may also be
included as one of the various separate sole layers of the shoe.
Sock liner 20 typically makes contact with the bottom of the
wearer's foot. The various other sole layers are typically disposed
between the top surface of the outsole 18 and the undersurface of
the sock liner 20. The midsole 16 is typically formed of any
suitable material that serves as a cushioning/protection layer. The
sole assembly 12 is attached in a conventional manner, such as with
an adhesive, or direct injection molding, to an upper 22.
[0035] FIGS. 1-3 show a typical shoe 10 which includes an upper 22,
a sock liner 20, an insole 14, a midsole 16 and an outsole 18 in a
sequence whereby the bottom of the foot makes first contact with
the sock liner 20. The sock liner 20 is separated from the outsole
18 by the insole 14 and the midsole 16. At least one protrusion
element 24 and 26 is provided to extend or penetrate through the
outsole 18 to make direct contact with the ground or other walking
surface as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. In a further embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 3, protrusion elements 24 and 26 are provided
to penetrate through the midsole 16 to make direct or indirect
contact with the bottom of a wearer's foot.
[0036] Outsole 18 is generally a thin layer made of a wear
resistant material such as high density foam, thermoplastic
polyurethane, rubber, a foamed polymer or elastomer, a composite
thereof or the like depending upon the type of shoe desired. In
another embodiment, outsole 18 may be somewhat thicker. Outsole 18
also has a toe end 28 and a heel end 30. The length and width of
outsole 18 are completely dependent upon the size of the shoe onto
which the outsole 18 will be placed. Outsole 18 is positioned
between the midsole 16, if one is used, and the ground, and forms
the ground engaging surface. The outsole 18 has an interior surface
32 which faces the midsole 16 and an exterior surface 33 which is
subject to engagement with the pavement or other underlying support
surface, which will hereinafter be referred to as the "ground".
[0037] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the midsole 16 is formed with
upwardly extending sidewalls 34 that extend around the shoe to
define a cavity 36 which is open at the top. The insole 14 is
disposed within the cavity 36 and surrounded by the sidewalls 34.
The sock liner 20 and lower ends of the upper 22 are disposed
within the cavity 36 so that the lower ends of the upper 22 abut
the sidewalls 34. The upper 22 is attached to the sidewalls 34. In
an exemplary embodiment, the midsole 16 is made of a resilient
material, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyurethane
(PU), which provides cushioning and support to the shoe wearer's
foot. However, other resilient materials exhibiting similar
cushioning and supporting characteristics could be used without
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The midsole
16 could be constructed as a single molded component or two molded
components that are then cemented or otherwise bonded to one
another. The thickness of the insole 14, midsole 16, and outsole 18
may be selected to provide the desired combination of wear,
resilience, and conformability in a particular sole assembly
12.
[0038] The shoe upper 22 can be of any suitable style or shape and
includes a foot opening 38 and is shown as having a sidewall to
form an enclosed slip-on style top. A sock liner or footbed 20 may
be provided that is insertable inside the foot receiving opening 38
of the upper 22 and may be a fabric, coated fabric, leather or
other suitable material.
[0039] As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, an arcuate-shaped
protrusion element 24 and/or 26 is positioned through openings 40
and 42 of the outsole 18 and is projected downwardly beyond the
bottom or exterior surface 33 of the outsole 18 adjacent the
openings 40 and 42 toward the ground. Protrusion element 24 and/or
26 has a domed bottom surface 44 and a flange 46. As shown in FIGS.
1-3, sole assembly 12 comprises at least one protrusion 24 and 26
formed or otherwise located on the bottom surface thereof,
extending downwardly from the heel portion and/or forefoot portion
of the outsole 18. The protrusion 24 and/or 26 is a
three-dimensional substantially solid structure formed of a
suitable elastomeric material so as to create temporary instability
to a wearer of the footwear and to allow the resilient material to
be compressed when the weight of a wearer is forced thereagainst.
The protrusion 24 and/or 26 is physically exposed beyond the bottom
surface 33 of the outsole 18. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
2, the protrusions 24 and 26 are generally semi-ball shaped as
further illustrated in FIG. 8A and include a substantially flat top
surface 45 which can mate with either the bottom surface of the
midsole 16 or a recessed area associated with the midsole 16. In
the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the protrusions 24 and 26
only extend downwardly through the openings 40 and 42, thus the
semi-ball or half-ball shape of protrusion elements 24 and 26. In
one embodiment, the protrusions 24 and 26 project or extend
downwardly from the bottom surface 33 of the outsole 18 a distance
H.sub.1 in the range from about 4 millimeters (mm) to about 2
inches (in) as best illustrated in FIG. 9A.
[0040] In total contrast, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3,
the protrusion elements 24 and 26 are more spherical, oval or
elliptical in shape and include a bottom component 44 and a top
component 56 wherein the protrusion elements 24 and 26 protrude
both upwardly as well as downwardly as illustrated in FIG. 3. The
bottom and top components 44 and 56 of the protrusion elements 24
and 26 are illustrated as being substantially dome shaped, the
bottom components 44 extending through the openings 40 and 42
associated with the outsole 18 and the top components 56 extending
through openings such as the opening 64 associated with the midsole
16 and through corresponding openings such as the opening 66
associated with the insole 14. In this particular embodiment, the
top component 56 of the respective protrusions 24 and 26 extend
upwardly through the respective openings 64 and 66 to a position
adjacent to or slightly through the sock liner 20 in such a manner
that the wearer's foot can apply pressure to the top protrusion
component 56 when the wearer's foot is positioned on top of the
sock liner 20. As will be hereinafter further explained, in this
particular embodiment, the sock liner 20 may likewise include
corresponding openings as best illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B for
providing access to the top component 56 of each respective
protrusion 24 and/or 26. In one embodiment, the protrusions 24 and
26 project or extend upwardly from the top surface of the midsole
16 a distance H.sub.2 in the range from about 1 millimeter (mm) to
about 1 inch (in) as best illustrated in FIG. 9A. Constructions of
a suitable protrusion element 24 and/or 26 for use in the
embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 are likewise disclosed in FIGS. 8B
and 8C as will be hereinafter further explained. In addition, as
will likewise be hereinafter further explained, the protrusions 24
and 26 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 can be utilized as a pair as
illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, or a single protrusion 24 could be
utilized in either embodiment either in the heel portion of the
sole assembly or in the forefoot portion of the sole assembly as
illustrated.
[0041] Each protrusion 24 and 26 may be of any suitable size, shape
and depth, the geometry of which can be sculpted to accommodate
different gait and exercise characteristics. For example, a
substantially flat top surface area can be added to increase the
stability of the wearer while curved medial side edges are still
preferred for creating natural instability. The leading end of the
protrusion can be tapered to provide smooth and stable support for
the wearer. The protrusion 24 and 26 can likewise be designed to
follow any suitable geometric shapes such as, for example,
spherical, oval, elliptical or some other arcuate type shape that
can be varied depending upon the end use. As an illustrative
example, the protrusions 24 and 26 are generally semi-circular
arcuate, semi-elliptical arcuate, or partially or substantially
curved arcuate in shape on the bottom surface of the protrusions 24
and 26 when viewed from the bottom surface of the outsole 18. The
top surface 56 of the protrusions 24 and 26 in the embodiment of
FIG. 3 can likewise be generally semi-circular arcuate,
semi-elliptical arcuate, or partially or substantially curved
arcuate in shape. The protrusions 24 and 26 formed on the bottom
surface 33 of the outsole 18 provide the cushioning and deflection
suitable for short term instability. Although the ranges for the
distances H.sub.1, and H.sub.2 illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B and
discussed above can be used in certain embodiments, such distances
can vary depending upon the shape, size and style of shoe and
depending upon the particular shoe application.
[0042] Each protrusion 24 and 26 extends at least from the bottom
surface 33 of the outsole 18 and comprises a suitable elastomeric
compressible material such as a low-density foam material which is
resiliently compressible under an applied load to attenuate ground
reaction forces and absorb energy. Protrusion element 24 and 26 can
be preferably molded from an elastomeric material such as Polyether
Polyurethane, EVA, rubber sponge, solid or foamed elastomer, SEBS
and/or TPR gels or dual density Polyurethane. However, it should
also be noted that protrusion elements 24 and 26 may also be formed
of a molded urethane or any other material having exceptional
memory characteristics. In a preferred embodiment, protrusion 24
and 26 is comprised of Polyether Polyurethane of 0.20-0.40 specific
gravity, single density and of 25-60.degree. Asker C hardness. One
goal includes achieving 50%-60% compression yet allowing immediate
recovery of the protrusion element when released from compression.
Further, beyond just quick recovery, it is also desirable to
achieve total recovery. To achieve this, one goal is to provide for
the selection of a peculiarly appropriate foam or compressible
material. Regardless of material types, size or shape, the ratio
between the force applied and the deflection of the elastomeric
material used for the protrusion element should be substantially a
straight line that represents a linear response in the deflection
range of 0%-50%. That is, the elastomeric compressible material of
the protrusion element exhibits a cushion effect that is
characterized by a generally linear force versus deflection curve
up to about 50% deflection. The slope (stiffness) of the graph can
change depending on the material selected for the specific end use,
but the material selected should maintain a straight/steady slope
through at least 0% to 50% deflection or compression as best
illustrated in FIG. 15. The key is to have predictable material
properties and performance, regardless of user weight, shoe size,
or shape of the protrusion element.
[0043] In a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3,
each protrusion element 24 and 26 is at least partially ball shaped
(FIG. 2) and made of any of a number of suitable resilient
materials, such as foam rubber or plastic. In an alternative
embodiment, the protrusion element 24 and 26 may be made of foams
of different densities as illustrated in FIG. 10C. To that extent,
the protrusion element 24 and/or 26 can be formed with halves 51
and 53 made or comprised of different materials having different
elastomeric properties and/or different hardnesses depending upon
the particular application. In addition, the protrusions 24 and 26
may be made of a softer material for enhanced cushioning, while an
exterior cover or skin layer 48A or 48B (FIGS. 9A and 9B) may be
made of a harder material which is applied to the bottom surface
thereof for increased durability when in contact with the ground
engaging surface. Unlike the conventional air cavities or air
bladders presently is use today, the area within or inside the
protrusions 24 and 26 of the present invention is comprised of one
or more substantially solid pieces of elastomeric material as
illustrated in FIGS. 9A, 9B and 10A-C. In contrast, the
conventional air bladder used in many sole constructions utilizes a
sturdy or hard material to form the bladder and to avoid a complete
collapse of the air bladder, which may actually drain energy from
the wearer. Such hard bladder materials reduce flexibility and
elasticity. To the contrary, the present protrusions 24 and 26 are
formed from a substantially solid piece of elastomeric material,
just like the stress ball, and they provide better elasticity
without reaching a complete collapse or full compression of the
protrusions 24 and 26.
[0044] As further illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, 9A and 9B, midsole 16
and outsole 18 are sized, shaped and joined together to conform
around the side portion of protrusions 24 and 26. FIGS. 9A and 9B
illustrate a cross-sectional view of a protrusion 24 disposed
between midsole 16 and outsole 18. A cover or skin layer 48 of high
wear-resistance and non-slip properties can be provided to cover
the elastomeric material of the protrusion 24 and 26 for safety,
additional traction, and durability of the footwear. In the
embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9A, the surface of the skin layer
48A having high wear-resistance and non-slip properties could be a
skin layer placed over the bottom portion of the protrusions 24 and
26 themselves and the cover layer 48A could be the same material
associated with the outsole 18. Alternatively, the skin layer 48B
can be made as a portion of the outsole 18 itself which can include
a curved surface extending over that portion of the protrusion 24
which extends outwardly beyond the bottom surface of the outsole 18
as illustrated in FIG. 9B. The skin layer 48 can also have high
abrasion and high wet/dry traction and further prevents the
protrusion 24 and/or 26 from falling out of the sole assembly. The
skin layer 48 can be comprised of compression molded rubber of
0.80-1.0 specific gravity and of 40-75.degree. Shore A hardness. In
another embodiment, the skin layer 48 can be formed of TPR, TPU,
blown rubber, EVA, PVC, fabric covered polymers, recycled content
polymers or any suitable material. The skin layer can be co-molded
with the protrusion or cemented onto the protrusion. If not
attached to the protrusion 24 and/or 26 as illustrated in FIG. 9A,
the skin layer 48 can be attached to the outsole 18 as illustrated
in FIG. 9B.
[0045] In a further embodiment, the protrusion 24 and 26 can
include a core made of another polymeric material to enhance
compressive resistance. FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate several
embodiments of a protrusion 24 with cores 49 of different shape
disposed within the protrusion 24. The protrusion 24 includes a
flexible core member 49 which is surrounded or encapsulated by
another resilient material. A secondary layer can be added into the
protrusion along the bottom surface which provides increased
cushioning and performance. The core member 49 can have various
shapes such as spherical, oval, rectangular, hexagonal,
parallelogram or some other shape. Alternatively, protrusion 24 can
be formed with halves 51 and 53 using different materials as
previously explained, which construction provides increased
cushioning and performance as shown in FIG. 10C.
[0046] FIGS. 11A-11C. illustrate an alternative embodiment 10' of
the present invention. The shoe 10' is generally a women's shoe and
includes a heel 72 and an outsole 18. The shoe 10' includes a shoe
top 74 having toe straps 74 and a toe post 78. The shoe top 74 may
be secured to the outsole 18 in any suitable manner. The shoe 10'
is provided with a protrusion element 24 formed on the bottom
surface thereof extending from the heel 72. The protrusion 24 can
be designed to follow many different geometric shapes as previously
discussed depending upon the end use. In a preferred embodiment, as
illustrated in FIGS. 11A-11C, the protrusion 24 is substantially
ball-shaped and made of any of a number of suitable resilient
materials such as foam rubber or plastic. In use, protrusion 24
provides a cushioning effect as well as natural instability. In
walking and/or running, the bottom surface of protrusion 24 first
comes in contact with the ground so as to create a natural
instability to the wearer's foot while the heel of a wearer's foot
exerts pressure on the top surface of the protrusion 24. In this
regard, the top portion 56 of the protrusion element 24 is shown as
extending slightly above the heel portion 72. The force of the
ground contacting the protrusion 24 and the force of the wearer's
heel on the midsole 16 or top component 56 of the protrusion 24
causes the protrusion 24 to be compressed. As the bottom component
44 of the protrusion is compressed, the peripheral edges of the
outsole 18 around the protrusion 24 come in contact with the ground
so as to provide stability to the wearer's foot.
[0047] During walking, running, or other ambulatory activities, the
protrusions 24 and 26 initially create temporary instability by the
curved surface 44 contacting the ground, and then the protrusions
24 and 26 are compressed between the foot and the ground, thereby
attenuating ground reaction forces and reducing the instability as
best illustrated in FIGS. 11A-11C. As the wearer steps down, the
step is initially unstable due to the curved shape of the
protrusion 24 (FIG. 11A) initially contacting the ground and the
wearer may use his or her muscles to right his or her position. As
more external pressure (i.e. load) is applied as indicated by the
arrow L in FIGS. 11A-11C, the protrusion 24 in the region of the
external pressure is compressed thereby cushioning the foot as the
foot rolls through the typical gait cycle. Full compression of the
protrusion 24 is illustrated in FIG. 11C just before the weight of
a wearer is transferred to the forefoot of the shoe during a
typical gait cycle. When the external pressure is removed, the
elastomeric material of the protrusion 24 expands to its original
shape.
[0048] The protrusions 24 and 26 provide support in the heel and/or
forefoot area such that there will be a rocking action of the
portions of the outsole 18 and midsole 16 adjacent to the
protrusions 24 and 26 during walking and/or running. The
protrusions 24 and 26 project from the bottom surface of the
outsole 18. In a further embodiment, the outsole 18 may include at
least one opening such as the openings 40 and 42 (FIGS. 2 and 3)
through which the protrusions 24 and 26 can extend. In a preferred
embodiment, the peripheral edge of the opening 40 and/or 42 forms a
ring-shaped recess 47 on the bottom side thereof as best shown in
FIG. 12. The recess 47 provides space for the protrusion to expand
into during compression. The location, size, and number of openings
in the outsole 18 or in the sole assembly can be varied depending
upon the number of protrusions 24 and/or 26 used in a particular
sole assembly as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill
in the art in order to achieve a desired exercise effect.
[0049] The protrusions 24 and 26 are likewise affixed to or
otherwise secured to the sole assembly 12 by any suitable means. In
the vertical cross section illustrated in FIG. 9A, protrusion 24
has a generally round or elliptical configuration that extends
vertically downwardly a distance H.sub.1 with the bottom edges
thereof tapered downwardly as best illustrated in FIGS. 8B and 8C.
The bottom component 44 of protrusion 24 extends vertically below
the annular peripheral flange 46 which functions to hold protrusion
24 and/or 26 in place within the sole assembly 12 as best
illustrated in FIG. 9A. The key is to have good securing means for
securing the protrusion element 24 and/or 26 between layers of the
sole assembly 12. Toward this end, the protrusion 24 and/or 26
includes a peripheral flange 46 extending outwardly from the outer
surface thereof. The peripheral flange 46 allows the protrusion 24
and 26 to be secured into position within the sole assembly 12 such
as between the midsole 16 and outsole 18. A surface of the
peripheral flange 46 of the protrusion 24 and 26 is preferably
sized and configured to generally match the contour of the opening
40 and/or 42 of the outsole 18 into which it is mounted and held in
place on the upper surface of the outsole 18 along the opening 40
and 42 between the outsole 18 and the midsole 16. However, other
securing means to hold protrusion elements 24 and 26 in place
within the sole assembly 12 could be used without departing from
the spirit and scope of the present invention.
[0050] In the illustrated arrangement of FIGS. 2 and 3, outsole 18
and midsole 16 receive protrusion 24 and 26 such that peripheral
flange 46 of protrusion 24 and 26 is sandwiched therebetween and
held in place within the sole assembly 12, preferably between the
midsole 16 and outsole 18, at the interior edge formed by the
openings 40 and 42 substantially about the entire periphery
thereof. In another embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 9A, there are
lower recesses 54 (FIG. 9A) in the forefoot and heel regions of the
midsole 16 which receive the peripheral flanges 46 of respective
protrusion 24 and 26 above the outsole 18 so that the outsole 18
lies substantially flush against the midsole 16. As shown in FIG.
9A, the shape of each lower recess 54 corresponds to the shape of
the peripheral flange 46 of the respective protrusion 24 and/or 26
received in that recess. In this embodiment, the peripheral flange
46 is not visible from a bottom, exterior view of the shoe, but
only, from the exploded view. Instead of being molded in one piece
and thereafter attached to outsole 18 to accommodate protrusion 24
and 26, midsole 16 may be manufactured with two separately formed
foamed layers, and the protrusions 24 and 26 are held in place
between these two layers of the midsole 16. Although in the
illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, protrusions 24 and 26 are
disposed between a midsole 16 and outsole 18, those skilled in the
art will appreciate that protrusions 24 and 26 may alternatively be
disposed between any layers of the sole assembly 12.
[0051] In one embodiment, sole assembly 12 comprises a front
protrusion 26 and a rear protrusion 24 projecting downwardly from
an outsole 18 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Each of the front and rear
protrusions 24 and 26 is compressed by the force or pressure
applied in the forefoot and heel areas of the sole assembly 12
respectively. The front protrusion 26 is formed in the vicinity of
the forefoot area and the rear protrusion 24 is formed in the
vicinity of the heel area. In a further embodiment, the front
protrusion 26 and the rear protrusion 24 are similarly constructed,
except with respect to the size of each protrusion 24 and 26. The
height or depth of the protrusions 24 and 26 may vary depending
upon the particular application and the type of shoe involved.
Alternatively, sole assembly 12 may include only one protrusion 24
projecting downwardly from an outsole 18 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
Although FIGS. 6 and 7 show the protruding element 24 formed or
extending downwardly in the vicinity of the heel area, such
protrusion could likewise be positioned and located in the vicinity
of the forefoot area. It should be obvious to one skilled in the
art that the protrusions 24 and 26 can have various configurations
and can be positioned in either the forefoot area, in the heel
area, in both areas, or anywhere in between the forefoot area and
heel area. As would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the
art, sole assembly 12 may be constructed with any number of
protrusions without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention.
[0052] As can be seen in FIGS. 2, 3 and 8A, each protrusion 24 and
26 defines a partially or substantially convex surface projected
beyond the bottom surface of the outsole 18. As previously
discussed, the convex or arcuate surface of the protrusions 24 and
26 create instability during use as the arcuate surface of the
protrusions 24 and 26 is contacted and compressed during walking or
running. The present invention promotes balance of the wearers of
such shoes because the ball shaped protrusions 24 and 26 create
natural instability and the body responds to the instability of the
protrusions 24 and 26 to remain balanced thereby engaging many more
muscles. The present invention is specifically configured to
increase the muscular workout of certain muscles of the body during
walking and/or running thereby increasing muscle tone.
[0053] Alternatively, as illustrated in FIGS. 3, 8B and 8C,
protrusions 24 and/or 26 include a top component 56 and a bottom
component 44 wherein the protrusion protrudes upwardly as well as
downwardly. Top component 56 also has a generally tapered upwardly
(or inwardly) facing surface which faces a wearer's foot or a sock
liner 20 so that the wearer's foot engages the top portion of the
protrusion 24 during a typical gait cycle. Bottom component 44 has
a downwardly facing surface which faces the ground as previously
explained. In a further embodiment, as best illustrated in FIG. 8B,
the top component 56 and the bottom component 44 of a particular
protrusion element can be formed in two separate components which
are thereafter joined together to form a ball shaped object. The
top component 56 and the bottom component 44 are connected along a
peripheral flange 46. This construction likewise enables the top
and bottom portions 56 and 44 to be made of different materials as
explained with reference to FIG. 10C. Peripheral flange 46 helps to
hold the protrusion 24 in place within the sole assembly 12 and the
flange 46 associated with each component 44 and 56 also promotes
joinder of the respective components to each other. The bottom
component 44 and top component 56 of the protrusion 24 can likewise
be formed as a unitary structure having the desired shape via
conventional molding techniques as best illustrated in FIG. 8C.
[0054] The top component 56 of each protrusion may be curved or
circular projecting upwardly a distance H.sub.2 (FIG. 9B) such that
an upper portion of the protrusion 24 may bear against the foot of
the wearer. In one embodiment, a portion of the protrusion 24 has
an indirect contact with the bottom of the foot via a window 58
formed in the sock liner 20. As best shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B,
the window 58 preferably includes an opening 60 (FIG. 13A) formed
in the heel portion and a fabric material 62 (FIG. 13B) covering
the opening 60. The top portion of the top component 56 is disposed
over the insole 14 or sock liner 20 and provides a massaging or
cushioning effect and further provides comfort to the foot of the
wearer. At least one opening 64 and 66 is provided through the
midsole 16 and the insole 14 as illustrated in FIG. 3. These
openings 64 and 66 are generally aligned with the openings formed
on the outsole 18 to allow the protrusions 24 and 26 to extend from
the outsole 18, through the midsole 16 and through the insole 14 to
the foot of the wearer. These openings 40, 64 and 66 allow for the
protrusions 24 and 26 to project upwardly and downwardly beyond the
sole assembly. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13A, the top
component 56 of the protrusion element is positioned adjacent the
opening 60 in such a manner that the wearer's foot can apply
pressure to the top component 56. In some cases, the top component
56 may extend through the opening 60 and in some cases the top
component 56 may lie flush with or adjacent to the opening 60. In
the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13B, the top component 56 of the
protrusion element is positioned and located such that wearer's
foot can apply pressure against the fabric material 62 covering the
opening 60 and against the top component 56 as previously
explained.
[0055] The protrusions 24 and 26 may be permanently affixed to sole
assembly 12. Alternatively, the protrusions 24 and 26 may be
removably detachable from the sole assembly 12 such that multiple
sets of protrusions 24 and 26 may be utilized in a single footwear
for the same wearer or user. FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate various
embodiments of interchangeable protrusion elements 24. In one
embodiment, a user, using his or her fingertip, can pry protrusion
24 out of its cavity formed inside the sole assembly 12 after
lifting or removing the sock liner (not shown) as illustrated in
FIG. 14A. In this embodiment, the skin layer 48 is not cemented to
the protrusion 24 for allowing the protrusion 24 to be removed from
the sole assembly 12. Once the existing protrusion 24 is removed
from the sole assembly 12, the user can insert a replacement
protrusion 68 into the cavity by pressing on the top of the
replacement protrusion 68. Additionally, the user can step down
onto the protrusion to properly seat the protrusion 68.
[0056] In another embodiment of a replaceable protrusion element, a
pull cord 70 is attached to the core of the protrusion 24 and rests
within the shoe as illustrated in FIG. 14B. For replacement of the
protrusion, the user lifts and pulls the pull cord 70 located under
the sock liner (not shown) to extract the existing protrusion 24
from within the sole assembly. Once the existing protrusion 24 is
removed from the sole assembly 12, the user can insert a
replacement protrusion (not shown) into the cavity by pressing on
the top of the replacement protrusion. The user then lays the pull
cord down inside the shoe and steps down onto the protrusion to
properly seat the protrusion. Likewise, the skin layer 48 is not
cemented to the protrusion for allowing the protrusion to be
removed from the sole assembly 12.
[0057] Alternatively, a user can heat the sole area of shoe to
soften the original adhesive holding a protruding element 24 to
detach it from the cavity within the sole assembly 12 as
illustrated in FIG. 14C. Once the existing protrusion 24 is removed
from the sole assembly 12, the user preheats pressure sensitive
adhesive strips 50 associated with the flange portion or other
areas of the replacement protrusion before inserting the
replacement protrusion into the cavity by pressing on the top of
the replacement protrusion. The user then steps down onto the
protrusion to properly seat the protrusion and to apply pressure to
the pressure sensitive adhesive layer 50 around the edge of the
protrusion. Still other replacement methods and means to replace
protrusion elements 24 and/or 26 within the sole assembly 12 could
be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
invention.
[0058] In order to fully appreciate the cushioning effect of the
present invention, the operation of the present invention will now
be described in detail. It will be readily seen that the footwear
construction of the present invention, because of its unique
construction, provides natural instability, thereby requiring a
user to exert certain muscles to maintain balance during each
walking or running gait cycle. When the wearer begins a stride, the
heel area of the footwear contacts the ground or other support
surface first. At this time, the weight of the wearer applies
downward pressure on the protrusion element causing the protrusion
element to be forced downwardly. This impact causes the protrusion
element(s) to compress as a reaction to how the wearer's foot lands
with respect to the ground (soft/hard, media/lateral, fast/slow)
and creates a temporary instability. Certain muscles of the
wearer's body then react to this situation and the wearer recovers
to a normal transition through the midfoot and toe-off. This
compression/deflection and recovery cycle is what creates the
workout for the wearer to trim and tone certain muscles.
[0059] It is recognized and anticipated that many different
variations of the present protruding elements 24 and 26 can be
utilized in any particular shoe construction. Although several
different styles of shoes and several different embodiments of the
various protruding elements and the positioning and location of
such protruding elements within a particular sole assembly have
been described, any combination of the various embodiments
disclosed herein can be utilized in any particular shoe
construction. For example, the protruding elements 24 and/or 26 can
be used singly or in combination with any particular shoe
construction such that a protruding element may extend downwardly
from the outsole 18 in the heel area only, in the forefoot area
only, or a pair or more of such protruding elements could extend
downwardly from the outsole 18 in any particular shoe construction.
In one aspect of the present invention, the protruding elements
extend downwardly only and do not include a top component 56 for
engaging the foot of a wearer. In other embodiments, the protruding
elements 24 and/or 26 can be used singly in the heel area only, in
the forefoot area only, or a pair or more of such protruding
elements could be utilized in any particular shoe construction
wherein each protruding element includes a bottom portion 44 and a
top portion 56 for projecting both downwardly and upwardly as
explained above. It is also recognized and anticipated that some of
the protruding elements 24 and/or 26 associated with any particular
shoe construction may protrude downwardly only from the outsole 18
whereas other protruding elements may protrude upwardly only so as
to engage the foot of a wearer as previously explained. It is also
recognized and anticipated that some of the protruding elements
associated with a particular shoe construction may protrude
downwardly only, some of the protruding elements may protrude
upwardly only, and some of the protruding elements may protrude
both upwardly and downwardly as previously explained. Still
further, it is recognized and anticipated that the top component 56
of the present protruding elements 24 and/or 26 may extend
completely through the sock liner for engaging the bottom of a
wearer's foot, or such top component 56 may slightly protrude
through the opening in the sock liner for engaging the bottom of a
wearer's foot, or such top component 56 may lie adjacent to or
slightly below the sock liner in a position and location wherein a
wearer's foot can apply pressure on the top component of the
protrusion element during a typical gait cycle. Other variations
and arrangements of the protruding elements are likewise
envisioned.
[0060] Thus, there has been shown and described several embodiments
of a novel invention. As is evident from the foregoing description,
certain aspects of the present invention are not limited by the
particular details of the examples illustrated herein, and it is
therefore contemplated that other modifications and applications,
or equivalents thereof, will occur to those skilled in the art. The
terms "having" and "including" and similar terms as used in the
foregoing specification are used in the sense of "optional" or "may
include" and not as "required". Many changes, modifications,
variations and other uses and applications of the present invention
will, however, become apparent to those skilled in the art after
considering the specification and the accompanying drawings. All
such changes, modifications, variations and other uses and
applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the
invention are deemed to be covered by the invention which is
limited only by the claims which follow.
* * * * *