U.S. patent application number 12/975733 was filed with the patent office on 2011-04-28 for techniques for tactile feedback technology.
Invention is credited to Andrew P. Huska, Douglas M. Krumpelman, Cody George Peterson.
Application Number | 20110096013 12/975733 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42311374 |
Filed Date | 2011-04-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110096013 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Krumpelman; Douglas M. ; et
al. |
April 28, 2011 |
TECHNIQUES FOR TACTILE FEEDBACK TECHNOLOGY
Abstract
Described herein are one or more techniques related to active
tactile feedback ("haptic") technologies. The technologies include
a movement-effecting mechanism designed to move a user-engagement
surface, typically, in response to a user touching the surface. The
described techniques include those designed to return the surface
back to its original position (before the surface's movement), to
seal the movement-effecting mechanism to protect it from ingress of
contaminates, and/or to retain the surface in a manner that allows
movement of the surface in directions away from the surface (which
includes, for example, substantially normal to the surface) while
restricting movement of the surface in at least one other direction
(e.g., a direction parallel to the surface). This Abstract is
submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to
interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.
Inventors: |
Krumpelman; Douglas M.;
(Hayden, ID) ; Peterson; Cody George; (Coeur
d'Alene, ID) ; Huska; Andrew P.; (Post Falls,
ID) |
Family ID: |
42311374 |
Appl. No.: |
12/975733 |
Filed: |
December 22, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12580002 |
Oct 15, 2009 |
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12975733 |
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61293137 |
Jan 7, 2010 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
345/173 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H 2003/008 20130101;
G06F 3/016 20130101; H01H 13/85 20130101; H01H 2215/05 20130101;
G06F 3/0445 20190501 |
Class at
Publication: |
345/173 |
International
Class: |
G06F 3/041 20060101
G06F003/041 |
Claims
1. An active tactile feedback system comprising: a user-engagement
surface presented for contact by a user; an actuator mechanism
operably associated with the user-engagement surface, the actuator
mechanism including: a pair of substrates held in a spaced-apart
position relative to each other and with a defined gap
therebetween, wherein at least one of the pair of substrates is
operatively associated with the user-engagement surface, the
actuator mechanism being configured to permit at least one of the
substrates to move relative to the other effective to provide
tactile feedback to the user; a spring mechanism operably
associated with at least one of the pair of substrates, the spring
mechanism being configured to return the pair of substrates, after
a movement of the substrates relative to each other, back to the
spaced-apart position relative to each other and restore the
defined gap therebetween; and a seal mechanism configured to
protect the actuator mechanism from contaminant ingress; and a
surface retention mechanism operably coupled to the user-engagement
surface and configured to allow movement of the user-engagement
surface in directions substantially normal to the user-engagement
surface and restrict movement of the user-engagement surface in at
least one direction parallel to the user-engagement surface.
2. An active tactile feedback system of claim Error! Reference
source not found., further comprising drive circuitry operably
connected to the actuator mechanism and configured to drive the
substrates, which have conductive properties, with an electrical
signal to cause a permitted movement of at least one of the
substrates relative to the other of the substrate effective to
provide tactile feedback to the user.
3. An active tactile feedback system as recited in claim Error!
Reference source not found., wherein the user receives an effective
tactile feedback via the user-engagement surface by the permitted
movement of at least one of the substrates relative to the other of
the substrates.
4. An active tactile feedback system as recited in claim Error!
Reference source not found., wherein the spring mechanism includes
the seal mechanism.
5. An active tactile feedback system as recited in claim Error!
Reference source not found., further comprising one or more
additional substrates, wherein each substrate is held in a
spaced-apart position relative to one or more other substrates and
with at least a defined gap between each spaced-apart pair of
substrates.
6. A user-interactive apparatus comprising: a housing; an active
tactile feedback system as recited in claim Error! Reference source
not found. supported by the housing.
7. A system comprising: a user-engagement surface presented for
contact by a user; an actuator mechanism operably associated with
the user-engagement surface, the actuator mechanism including: a
pair of substrates with conductive properties, the pair of
substrates being held in a spaced-apart position relative to each
other and with a defined gap therebetween; and a return mechanism
operably associated with at least one of the pair of substrates;
and drive circuitry operably connected to the actuator mechanism
and configured to drive the substrates with an electrical signal to
cause movement of at least one of the substrates relative to the
other of the substrate effective to provide tactile feedback to the
user, the return mechanism being configured to return the pair of
substrates, after the movement driven by the drive circuitry, back
to the spaced-apart position relative to each other and restore the
defined gap therebetween.
8. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein: at least one of the
pair of substrates is operatively associated with the
user-engagement surface; the drive circuitry being further
configured to move the user-engagement surface via the operative
association between at least one of the pair of substrates and the
user-engagement surface.
9. A system as recited in claim 7, further comprising a dielectric
material interposed between the substrates.
10. A system as recited in claim 7, further comprising a dielectric
material interposed between the substrates, wherein the dielectric
material includes air.
11. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein the return mechanism is
operably coupled to the user-engagement surface.
12. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein the actuator mechanism
is further configured to permit movement of the user-engagement
surface--via the actuator mechanism's operable association with the
surface--in directions out from a plane of the surface.
13. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein the return mechanism
includes one or more springs that are configured to push at least
one of the pair of substrates, after the movement driven by the
drive circuitry, back to the spaced-apart position relative to the
other substrate and restore the defined gap therebetween.
14. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein the return mechanism
includes one or more springs that are configured to pull at least
one of the pair of substrates, after the movement driven by the
drive circuitry, back to the spaced-apart position relative to the
other substrate and restore the defined gap therebetween.
15. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein the return mechanism
includes at least one spring having a geometry selected from a
group consisting of a cubic geometry, a spherical geometry, a
cylindrical geometry, a hemispherical geometry, and a conical
geometry.
16. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein the return mechanism
includes at least one spring formed from a material selected from a
group consisting of a thermoplastic elastomer material, a silicone
material, and a rubber material.
17. A system as recited in claim 7, wherein the return mechanism
includes a spring that is selected from a group consisting of a
leaf spring, a coil spring, helical spring, volute sprint,
compression spring, cantilever spring, V-spring, conical spring,
torsion spring, flat spiral spring, ribbon torsion spring, gas
spring, ideal spring, belleville spring, washer spring, split
spring, air cushion, wave spring, hair spring, negator spring,
concentric spring, rolamite spring, spindle spring, liquid spring,
rubber spring, and foam spring.
18. A system as recited in claim 7, further comprising one or more
additional substrates, wherein each substrate is held in a
spaced-apart position relative to one or more other substrates and
with at least a defined gap between each spaced-apart pair of
substrates.
19. A user-interactive apparatus comprising: a chassis; a system as
recited in claim 7 supported by the chassis.
20. A system comprising: a surface presented for engagement by a
user; an actuator mechanism operably associated with the surface,
the actuator mechanism including: a pair of substrates held in a
spaced-apart position relative to each other and with a defined gap
therebetween, the actuator mechanism being configured to permit at
least one of the substrates to move relative to the other effective
to provide tactile feedback to the user; and a seal mechanism
configured to protect the actuator mechanism from contaminant
ingress; and drive circuitry operably connected to the actuator
mechanism and configured to drive the substrates, which have
conductive properties, with an electrical signal to cause a
permitted movement of at least one of the substrates relative to
the other of the substrates effective to provide tactile feedback
to the user.
21. A system as recited in claim 20, wherein the seal mechanism is
operably associated with at least one of the pair of substrates and
the seal mechanism being further configured to return the pair of
substrates, after a movement of the substrates relative to each
other, back to the spaced-apart position relative to each other and
restore the defined gap therebetween.
22. A system as recited in claim 20, wherein the seal mechanism is
selected from a group consisting of a gasket seal mechanism, a
bellows seal mechanism, and a flexible seal mechanism.
23. A system as recited in claim 20, wherein the seal mechanism
comprises a gasket seal mechanism or flexible seal mechanism formed
from a material selected from a group consisting of a resilient
foam material, an elastomeric material, a rubber material, and a
silicone material.
24. A system as recited in claim 20, wherein the seal mechanism
comprises a bellows seal mechanism formed from a material selected
from a group consisting of a fabric material, an elastomeric
material, and a polyamide material.
25. A system as recited in claim 20, wherein the seal mechanism
comprises a flexible seal mechanism comprises a substrate
receptacle area configured to receivably support the surface and a
resilient intermediary section configured to return the pair of
substrates, after a movement of the substrates relative to each
other, back to the spaced-apart position relative to each other and
restore the defined gap therebetween.
26. A system comprising: a surface configured to be available to a
user for engagement; an actuator mechanism operably associated with
the surface, the actuator mechanism including: a pair of substrates
held in a spaced-apart position relative to each other and with a
defined gap therebetween, the actuator mechanism being configured
to permit at least one of the substrates to move relative to the
other effective to provide tactile feedback to the user; and a
surface retention mechanism operably coupled to the surface and
configured to permit movement of the surface in directions out from
a plane of the surface, while restricting movement of the surface
in other directions.
27. A system as recited in claim 26, wherein the surface retention
mechanism is further configured to permit movement of the surface
in one or more directions selected from a group consisting of:
toward a plane of least one of the substrates, out from a plane of
least one of the substrates, consistent with the movement of at
least one substrate permitted by the actuator mechanism,
substantially normal to the surface, and orthogonal to the surface,
while restricting movement of the surface in other directions.
28. A system as recited in claim 26, wherein the surface retention
mechanism is further configured to restrict movement of the surface
in at least one direction parallel to the surface.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/293,137, filed on Jan. 7, 2010, the disclosure
of which is incorporated by reference herein. This application is
related to and is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patent
application Ser. No. 12/580,002, filed on Oct. 15, 2009, the
disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Some devices such as cell phones, laptop computers, tablet
computers, computer displays, electronic kiosks, and the like can
employ a tactile surface to provide tactile feedback to a user.
However, configuring a tactile surface to provide suitable tactile
feedback to a user of the device is far from trivial. That is,
components of a tactile surface, either individually or in
combination, are difficult to configure such that the tactile
surface can provide suitable tactile feedback, survive
environmental exposure, be cost effective, meet power requirements,
and/or support surfaces of varying size and/or orientation.
SUMMARY
[0003] Described herein are one or more techniques related to
active tactile feedback ("haptic") technologies. Such technologies
are designed to actively provide tactile feedback to a user
contacting (e.g., touching) a user-engagement surface. As described
herein, the technologies effect an active movement of the surface
in directions away from the plane of surface (e.g., normal to the
surface). Some of the described techniques include those to return
the surface back to its original position (before the surface's
movement), to seal the movement-effecting mechanism to protect it
from ingress of contaminates, and to retain the surface in a manner
that allows movement of the surface in directions away from the
surface (which includes, for example, substantially normal to the
surface) while restricting movement of the surface in at least one
other direction (e.g., a direction parallel to the surface).
[0004] This Summary is submitted with the understanding that it
will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the
claims. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or
essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it
intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the
claimed subject matter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to
reference like features.
[0006] FIG. 1 illustrates an example device in accordance with one
or more embodiments.
[0007] FIG. 2 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0008] FIG. 3 illustrates some example components in accordance
with one or more embodiments.
[0009] FIG. 4 illustrates some example spring mechanism geometries
in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 5 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 6a illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0012] FIG. 6b illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 7 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0014] FIG. 8 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0015] FIG. 9a illustrates an isometric sectional view of an
example seal mechanism in accordance with one or more
embodiments.
[0016] FIG. 9b illustrates an isometric sectional view of an
example seal mechanism in accordance with one or more
embodiments.
[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0018] FIG. 11a illustrates an example adhesive strip retainer
layout in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0019] FIG. 11b illustrates an example adhesive strip retainer
layout in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0021] FIG. 13a illustrates an example adhesive strip retainer
layout in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0022] FIG. 13b illustrates an example adhesive strip retainer
layout in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0023] FIG. 14 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0024] FIG. 15 illustrates a side sectional view of the FIG. 14
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0025] FIG. 16 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method
in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0026] FIG. 17 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0027] FIG. 18 illustrates a side sectional view of the FIG. 17
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0028] FIG. 19 illustrates a high-level block diagram of example
system in accordance with one or more embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Overview
[0029] Described herein are one or more techniques related to
active tactile feedback ("haptic") technologies. Such technologies
are designed to actively provide tactile feedback to a user
contacting (e.g., touching) a user-engagement surface (e.g., touch
screen, keycap, or button) of a system. Examples of such systems
include (by way of example only and not limitation): a mobile
phone, computer, laptop, keyboard, input device, monitor,
electronic kiosk, automated teller machine (ATM), vehicle
dashboard, control panel, or medical or industrial workstation.
[0030] As described herein, the technologies include a
movement-effecting mechanism designed to move a user-engagement
surface, typically, in response to a user contacting (e.g.,
touching) the surface. The surfaces move in one or more directions
that are towards and/or away from the surface. That direction is
often also towards and/or away from the user. Some of the described
techniques include those to return the surface back to its original
position (before the surface's movement), to seal the
movement-effecting mechanism to protect it from ingress of
contaminates, and to retain the surface in a manner that allows
movement of the surface in directions away from the surface (which
includes, for example, substantially normal to the surface) while
restricting movement of the surface in at least one other direction
(e.g., a direction parallel to the surface).
[0031] As described herein, the movement-effecting mechanism is an
actuator mechanism that is operatively associated with the surface
to provide active tactile feedback to the user via the surface. The
actuator mechanism accomplishes that feedback, at least in part, by
the movement of at least a pair of spaced-apart substrates, which
are permitted to move relative to each other. In so doing, the
actuator mechanism also moves the surface in some of the described
examples. In at least some described instances, the substrates have
conductive properties.
[0032] In some of the described instances, the pair of substrates
(with conductive properties) is suitably driven to provide movement
of at least one of the substrates through attractive and/or
repellant forces. Any suitable type of material can be used for the
conductive substrates. For example, the conductive substrates can
be formed as part of a transparent substrate (e.g., glass or
plastic). Alternately or additionally, the conductive substrates
can be formed from material that is not transparent (e.g., a metal
material).
[0033] Some of the described techniques include those utilizing a
return mechanism that is designed to return the pair of substrates,
after a movement of the substrates relative to each other, back to
their original spaced-apart position relative to each other and,
thereby restoring the defined gap therebetween. In so doing, the
return mechanism also returns the surface back to its original
position, in some of the described examples. In some of the
described instances, the return mechanism includes at least one
spring.
[0034] Some of the described techniques include those employing a
seal mechanism designed to seal the actuator mechanism and thereby
protecting the actuator mechanism from ingress of contaminants
(such a dust and debris).
[0035] Some of the described techniques include those involving a
surface retention mechanism that allows movement of the surface in
directions away from the surface (which includes, for example,
substantially normal to the surface) while restricting movement of
the surface in at least one other direction (e.g., a direction
parallel to the surface).
[0036] In the discussion that follows, a section entitled "Example
Device" is provided and gives but one example of a device that can
utilize the inventive principles described herein. After this, a
section entitled "Example Material Assembly" describes a material
assembly, including an actuator mechanism, in accordance with one
or more embodiments. Following this, a section entitled "Example
Components" describes example components in accordance with one or
more embodiments. Next a section entitled "Example Spring
Mechanisms" describes example spring mechanisms in accordance with
one or more embodiments. After this, a section entitled "Example
Seal Mechanisms" describes example seal mechanisms in accordance
with one or more embodiments. Following this, a section entitled
"Example Surface Retention Mechanisms" describes example retention
mechanisms in accordance with one or more embodiments. Last, a
section entitled "Example Method" describes an example method in
accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0037] Example Device
[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates an example device in accordance with one
or more embodiments generally at 100. Device 100 includes a housing
102 and a user-engagement surface 104 supported by the housing in a
manner so that the surface is presented to a user so that the user
may engage the surface. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the
term "housing" as used herein also includes a chassis or other
framework designed to hold or retain the surface and the other
components designed to provide active tactile feedback via that
surface to the user.
[0039] The user-engagement surface 104 can include any suitable
type of surface (e.g., touch screen, keycap, button, touchpad,
etc.) for engagement by a user. Herein, engagement by a user
includes some form of contact by the user with the surface 104.
That contact may be direct or indirect. Direct contact includes
physical skin-to-surface contact with, for example, one or more of
the user's fingers. Indirect contact includes physical
tool-to-surface contact with the tool operated by the user.
Examples of suitable engagement tools include (by way of example
and not limitation): a stylus, glove, mouse, ball, wand, pen, and
the like. In some instances, the indirect contact may involve
interaction with a magnetic field, such as interaction with some
capacitive touch screens.
[0040] In this particular example, surface 104 includes a touch
surface that is configured to receive user input via touch (which
is an example of direct contact). It is to be appreciated and
understood, however, that surfaces other than touch surfaces can be
utilized in connection with the principles described herein. For
example, the surface 104 may include (by way of example and not
limitation): a touch screen, keycap, button, touchpad, etc.
[0041] The user-engagement surface 104 can include any suitable
type of touch surface that is presented to a user for physical
contact or touch by the user. In this particular example, the
user-engagement surface 104 is embodied as a touch screen on a
hand-held device. The touch screen can be formed from any suitable
type of material such as glass or plastic and can be any suitable
size. For example, a suitable touch screen may form part of a
larger display device, such as a computer, monitor, point of sale
terminal, automated teller machine, medical equipment, industrial
control system, and/or electronic kiosk, and the like. Alternately
or additionally, the touch screen may form part of a device on a
vehicle such as (by way of example and not limitation): a user
interface associated with a vehicle radio, climate control,
navigation system, and the like.
[0042] Alternately or additionally, in at least some other
embodiments, the user-engagement surface 104 (and other such
surfaces described herein) can be embodied as a touch pad, keycap,
button, and the like.
[0043] Having considered an example device, consider now an example
material assembly that can provide the actuator mechanism described
above and below.
[0044] Example Material Assembly
[0045] FIG. 2 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments
generally at 200. In this example, material assembly 200 includes a
user-engagement surface 202, which may take the form of a touch
surface 202. The assembly 200 includes a display 204 such as, for
example, a liquid crystal display (LCD). Any suitable type of
display can, however, be used for this display and other exemplary
embodiments described herein. For context, a fingertip 205 of a
user is shown in anticipation of touching the user-engagement
surface 202.
[0046] Material assembly 200 also includes an actuator mechanism
206 operably associated with surface 202. The actuator mechanism is
configured to provide tactile feedback to a user responsive to a
user touching or otherwise engaging the surface 202. In at least
some embodiments, the actuator mechanism 206 includes one or more
spaced-apart substrates. For example, in this particular
embodiment, the actuator mechanism includes at least a pair of
substrates 208, 210 that the actuator mechanism holds in a
spaced-apart position relative to each other and with a defined gap
211 therebetween. In this example assembly, the gap 211 defines the
distance that the substrates are spaced apart. Typically, the gap
211 is substantially smaller than the width of the expanse of the
substrates. In some implementations, the defined gap 211 is 0.02 to
5 millimeters. In other implementations, the defined gap 211 is 0.2
to 2 millimeters. Each of the substrates supports a conductive
layer of material 212, 214 respectively. It is to be appreciated
and understood, however, that substrates 208, 210 may individually
include conductive material. In either instance, the substrates
have conductive properties.
[0047] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
substrates 208, 210 may include surface 202 and/or display 204
respectively. For example, in at least some embodiments, a suitably
configured surface 202 may support conductive layer of material
212.
[0048] As depicted in FIG. 2, the screen 202, substrate 208, and
conductive layer of material 212 are shown as three separate strata
operatively layered together. However, other embodiments may use
more or less separate layers (than what is depicted). For example,
some embodiments may use one, two, four, or more layers. Regardless
of the number of layers used, the upper surface of the top-most
layer is configured for engagement by the user and one or more
layers have conductive properties.
[0049] As depicted in FIG. 2, the display 204, substrate 210, and
conductive layer of material 214 are shown as three separate strata
operatively layered together. Similar to the above paragraph, other
embodiments may use more or less separate layers (than what is
depicted). Regardless of the number of layers used, one or more
layers have conductive properties.
[0050] Display 204 is disposed operably adjacent to substrate 210.
Additionally, in at least some embodiments, substrate 210 may
support an additional conductive layer of material, opposite of
conductive layer of material 214, effective to shield display 204
from interference. In at least some embodiments, the additional
conductive layer of material can be terminated using any suitable
means such as a resistor network, metallic contacts, conductive
adhesive, and the like.
[0051] In at least some embodiments, a dielectric material 216 and
an adjacent air gap 218 are interposed between the substrates 208,
210 within the defined gap 211. In addition, actuator mechanism 206
may also include a return mechanism 220, 222 interposed between
substrates 208, 210. Alternately or additionally, in at least some
embodiments, return mechanism 220, 222 may be operably connected to
at least one of the substrates 208, 210. In at least some
embodiments, return mechanism 220, 222 is configured to permit
movement of surface 202 under influence of drive circuitry in
accordance with one or more embodiments. In this example, this
movement is in one or more directions out from a plane of the
surface, as depicted by double-headed arrow 223. This direction may
be substantially normal and/or normal to the surface. Alternately
or additionally, in at least some embodiments, return mechanism
220, 222 may be operably coupled to a surface, such as surface
202.
[0052] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
dielectric material 216 can be offset from an edge of substrate 210
to allow longer return mechanisms to be utilized. In at least some
embodiments, return mechanism 220, 222 can be configured to return
either or both substrates 208, 210 to what can be considered as an
unbiased disposition relative to one another in accordance with one
or more embodiments. That is, return mechanism 220, 222 is
configured to return the pair of substrates, after a movement of
the substrates relative to each other, back to the spaced-apart
position relative to each other. In so doing, the return mechanism
220, 222 effectively restores the defined gap 211 between the
substrates.
[0053] Any suitable type of materials can be utilized to provide
components of the material assembly 200.
[0054] For example, in at least some embodiments, substrates 208,
210 can be formed from a clear material such as plastic or glass.
Additionally or alternately, substrates 208, 210 may individually
include an opaque material such as (by way of example and not
limitation): FR4, fiberglass, plastic, laminates, and the like.
[0055] Alternately or additionally, the substrates may include
material with conductive properties. For example, in at least some
embodiments, at least one of the substrates can be formed from a
conductive material such as sheet metal or copper. Other materials
can, of course, be utilized without departing from the spirit and
scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0056] Additionally, the conductive layers of material 212, 214 can
include any suitable type of conductive material. In at least some
embodiments, the conductive material is a clear conductive
material. Alternately or additionally, in at least some
embodiments, the conductive material is a spray-on material, film,
or tape that is applied, coated or otherwise deposited (as through
any of a variety of deposition techniques such as (by way of
example and not limitation): CVD, PECVD, lamination, and the like)
onto the surfaces of substrates 208, 210. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, the conductive material
can include indium tin oxide, silver, copper, or any other suitable
type of conductive material.
[0057] Dielectric material 216 can include any suitable type of
dielectric material such as (by way of example and not limitation):
air, glass, ceramic, mica, piezo materials, FR4, plastic,
elastomeric material, gel and/or other fluidic or non-fluidic
material. Alternately or additionally, in at least some
embodiments, return mechanism 220, 222 can be formed from any
suitable material, such as thermoplastic elastomer, sheet metal and
the like.
[0058] In one or more embodiments, various parameters associated
with the material assembly 200 can be selected in order to provide
desired operating characteristics. For example, parameters
associated with the dimension of air gap 218, the dimension of the
dielectric material 216, and the dielectric constant of dielectric
material 216 can be selected in order to provide desired operating
characteristics. In at least some embodiments, the following
parameter values can be used:
TABLE-US-00001 Parameter Value Gap dimension 0.1 to 1.0 mm
Dielectric constant Greater than or equal to 1
[0059] The example material assembly 200 may also be described as
including the user-engagement surface 202 presented for contact by
a user (as represented by fingertip 205) and the actuator mechanism
206, which is operably associated with the surface 202. In this
instance, the operable association includes a mechanical connection
or coupling between the actuator mechanism and the surface.
[0060] The actuator mechanism 206 includes at least the pair of
substrates 208, 210 held in a spaced-apart position relative to
each other and with a defined gap 211 therebetween. The pair of
substrates is operatively associated (e.g., mechanically connected
and/or coupled) with the user-engagement surface 202. The actuator
mechanism 206 is configured to permit at least one of the
substrates to move relative to the other (e.g., like in directions
shown by 223). That movement is being effective to provide tactile
feedback to the user.
[0061] The actuator mechanism 206 also includes the return
mechanism, which is configured to return the pair of substrates,
after a movement of the substrates relative to each other, back to
the spaced-apart position relative to each other and restore the
defined gap 211 therebetween.
[0062] Alternative assemblies may include more than just the pair
of substrates. Those alternative assemblies may include a defined
gap between each pair of stacked-up and spaced-apart
substrates.
[0063] Having considered an example material assembly, consider now
example components that can be used in connection with the material
assembly to provide a user with tactile feedback.
[0064] Example Components
[0065] FIG. 3 illustrates some example components in accordance
with one or more embodiments generally at 300. Components 300
include a touch-sensing module 302, a drive module 304, and an
actuator mechanism 306. Actuator mechanism 306 corresponds, in this
example, to actuator mechanism 206 in FIG. 2. Any suitable
hardware, software, and/or firmware can be used to implement
touch-sensing module 302 and drive module 304.
[0066] With respect to touch-sensing module 302, any suitable type
of technology can be utilized to implement the touch-sensing module
such that it is capable of sensing when a user has touched or
otherwise engaged the touch screen. Examples of suitable, known
technologies include (by way of example and not limitation):
capacitive field, resistive, optical, field effect, force/pressure,
inductive, Hall effect, and the like.
[0067] Drive module 304 includes drive circuitry operably connected
to the spaced-apart substrates of actuator mechanism 306. The drive
circuitry is configured to drive the conductive layers of material
with an electrical signal responsive to an input such as (by way of
example and not limitation): sensing a touch input, software
events, and/or other triggers or occurrences such as those
mentioned above. Driving the conductive layers causes one or more
of the corresponding substrates to be moved either or both of
towards one another or away from one another. In at least some
embodiments, moving the corresponding substrates either or both of
towards or away from one another results in either or both of
compression or extension of a spring or the seal interposed between
said corresponding substrates. Alternately or additionally, in at
least some embodiments a return mechanism can be configured to
return the substrates to what can be considered as an unbiased
disposition relative to one another.
[0068] In some embodiments, the drive circuitry can use different
drive profiles to drive the conductive layers to, in at least some
embodiments, provide various tactile feedbacks to the user. The
drive profiles can include (by way of example and not limitation):
a series of voltage pulses having various frequencies.
[0069] Example Return Mechanisms
[0070] In the discussion above, an example return mechanism was
illustrated. It is to be appreciated and understood that any
suitable type of return mechanism can be utilized in connection
with the principles described herein. Some of the instances of the
return mechanism include one or more springs.
[0071] As an example, consider FIG. 4 which illustrates, generally
at 400, example springs of the example return mechanisms in
accordance with one or more embodiments. In the view shown in FIG.
4, example geometries are shown into which any suitable material,
such as thermoplastic elastomer, can be formed. Example spring
geometries include (by way of example and not limitation): cubic
402, spherical 404, cylindrical 406, conical 408, and 410
hemispherical. Any suitable number of springs can be employed in
order to provide desired operating characteristics. In at least
some embodiments, a number of springs can be located proximate to a
perimeter of spaced-apart substrates in order to provide desired
operating characteristics. Alternately or additionally, in at least
some embodiments, the spring geometry can be hollow or otherwise
include hollow chambers. It is to be appreciated and understood
that any suitable geometry can be utilized to provide a spring of
the example return mechanism.
[0072] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
springs can be formed from silicone, rubber, elastomers, or any
other suitable type of material. In at least some embodiments,
springs can be formed by injection molding or compression molding.
Alternately or additionally, springs can be configured to provide
additional features such as (by way of example and not limitation):
seals, strain relief, retention, assembly aids, and the like.
[0073] In at least some embodiments, various parameters associated
with the material from which the spring is formed can be selected
in order to provide desired operating characteristics. For example,
parameters associated with the material such as durometer,
compression set, elastic modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio
and elongation factor can be selected in order to provide desired
operating characteristics such as simulated snap-over or simulated
wheel/knob clicks. Different spring rate profiles will produce
different haptic outputs. Table 1, below, lists examples of how
spring rate, preload distance, actuator travel, and desired feel
correlate.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Spring Preload Actuator Rate Distance Travel
Desired Feel Linear, Soft Large Large Long Travel, Smooth, Lower
Natural Frequency Regressive Small Large Long Travel, Smooth, Lower
Natural Frequency Linear, Stiff Small Small Short Travel, Sharp,
Higher Natural Frequency Progressive Large Medium Medium Travel,
Smooth and Crisp, Medium Natural Frequency
[0074] Spring rate describes the amount of force required to
displace the spring a given distance. Springs can be categorized as
linear, progressive and regressive based on this rate of change and
it's variance over the entire usable range. Preload distance is a
function of the initial spring rate and the applied load on the
spring in its neutral state. For a given mass, a softer spring will
displace more than a stiff spring. Actuator travel is a function of
the spring rate after preload and the applied actuator force
applied to the springs. For a given mass and applied force, a
softer spring will displace more than a stiff spring.
[0075] Desired feel is a trait that is based on the amount of
travel, acceleration profiles, and natural frequency of the
actuator. For a given mass and applied force, a softer spring will
produce a feel that provides longer travel, smoother/rounded
acceleration profiles, and a lower natural frequency. To the user,
this is perceived as a smooth, longer travel tactile feedback.
[0076] As another example, consider FIG. 5 which illustrates a side
sectional view of an example material assembly in accordance with
one or more embodiments generally at 500. In this example, material
assembly 500 includes a surface in the form of a touchpad 502 such
as one would find on a computer keyboard. For context, a fingertip
505 of a user is shown in anticipation of touching the touchpad
502.
[0077] Material assembly 500 includes an actuator mechanism 506
operably associated with touchpad 502. The actuator mechanism is
configured to provide tactile feedback to a user responsive to a
user touching or otherwise engaging the touchpad 502. The actuator
mechanism 506 is configured to permit at least one of the
substrates to move relative to the other (e.g., like in directions
shown by 523). In at least some embodiments, actuator mechanism 506
includes a pair of spaced-apart substrates 508, 510 each of which
supports a conductive layer of material 512, 514 respectively. A
defined gap 511 is shown between the spaced-apart substrates.
[0078] In the present example substrates 508, 510 can include any
suitable type of material of which examples are provided above. In
this particular example, substrates 508, 510 include a
non-conductive material such as FR4. Additionally, conductive
layers of material 512, 514 can include any suitable type of
conductive material of which examples are provided above. In this
particular example, conductive layers of material 512, 514 include
a metal such as copper. In at least some embodiments, a dielectric
material 516 and an adjacent air gap 518 are interposed between
substrates 508, 510. Dielectric material 516 can include any
suitable material examples of which are provided above.
[0079] Actuator mechanism 506 also includes a return mechanism that
includes a leaf spring mechanism 520. For example, in this
particular embodiment, leaf spring mechanism 520 is disposed
between substrates 508 and 510. Alternately or additionally, leaf
spring mechanism 520 may be operably coupled to a substrate or
surface. Leaf spring mechanism 520 may be configured to provide a
restoring force to a surface, such as touch pad 502. Leaf spring
may be a separate component as shown or integrated into other
elements of the assembly such as one of the substrates.
[0080] Leaf spring mechanism 520 can include any suitable type of
material. For example, in at least some embodiments, leaf spring
mechanism 520 can include a metallic material such as (by way of
example and not limitation): stainless steel, spring steel,
beryllium copper, and the like. In at least some embodiments, leaf
spring mechanism 520 can be coated with a layer of non-conductive
material to prevent electrical shorts between components of
actuator mechanism 506.
[0081] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
leaf spring mechanism 520 can include any suitable non-conductive
material such as (by way of example and not limitation):
fiberglass, polycarbonate, FR4, and the like.
[0082] It is to be appreciated and understood that other types of
springs of the return mechanism can be utilized without departing
from the spirit and scope of claimed subject matter. Other types of
spring contemplated include (by way of example and not limitation):
leaf spring, coil spring, helical spring, volute sprint,
compression spring, cantilever spring, V-spring, conical spring,
torsion spring, flat spiral spring, ribbon torsion spring, gas
spring, ideal spring, belleville spring, washer spring, split
spring, air cushion, wave spring, hair spring, negator spring,
concentric spring, rolamite spring, spindle spring, liquid spring,
rubber spring, and foam spring. For example, coil springs may be
configured to provide suitable feedback in accordance with material
assemblies described above and below. In at least some embodiments,
coil springs may be placed around a perimeter of an actuator
mechanism. Alternately or additionally, coil springs may be
counter-sunk into a mounting surface effective to achieve desired
tactile characteristics while reducing the height of an actuator
mechanism.
[0083] It is to be appreciated and understood that other types of
return mechanisms can be utilized without departing from the spirit
and scope of claimed subject matter. For example, alternative
return mechanisms might return the substrates back to their
original position without biasing or spring forces. This return
action may be accomplished via repulsion, attraction, or other
magnetic or electromagnetic forces. Also, other mechanical actions
may restore the gap between the substrates.
[0084] Having described example return mechanisms, consider now a
discussion of example seal mechanisms that can be utilized to seal
an actuator mechanism from contaminants and/or debris.
[0085] Example Seal Mechanisms
[0086] FIG. 6a illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments
generally at 600a. In this example, material assembly 600a includes
a surface in the form of a screen 602a, a framework ledge 630a,
632a, and a display 604a such as, for example, an LCD. For context,
a fingertip 605a of the user is shown in anticipation of touching
the screen 602a. In this example, framework ledge 630a, 632a can
include any suitable framework ledge such as (by way of example and
not limitation): a bezel, button deck, instrument panel, housing,
chassis, and the like.
[0087] Material assembly 600a also includes an actuator mechanism
606a operably associated with screen 602a. The actuator mechanism
is configured to provide tactile feedback to a user responsive to a
user touching or otherwise engaging the screen 602a. In at least
some embodiments, actuator mechanism 606a includes a pair of
spaced-apart substrates 608a, 610a each of which supports a
conductive layer of material 612a, 614a respectively. It is to be
appreciated and understood, however, that substrates 608a, 610a may
individually include conductive material. In either instance, the
substrates have conductive properties.
[0088] In the present example, substrates 608a, 610a can include
any suitable type of material of which examples are provided above.
Additionally, in the present example, conductive layers of material
612a, 614a can include any suitable type of conductive material of
which examples are provided for above. In this particular example,
conductive layers of material 612a, 614a include indium tin
oxide.
[0089] In at least some embodiments, a dielectric material 616a and
an adjacent air gap 618a are interposed between substrates 608a,
610a. Dielectric material 616a can include any suitable dielectric
material examples of which are provided above. Additionally,
actuator mechanism 606a may also include a gasket seal mechanism
620a, 622a. In at least some embodiments, gasket seal mechanism
620a, 622a is interposed between substrates 608a, 610a. Gasket seal
mechanism 620a, 622a is configured to protect actuator mechanism
606a from contaminants and/or debris.
[0090] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
material assembly 600a may include an additional gasket seal
mechanism 624a, 626a interposed between screen 602a and framework
ledge 630a, 632a. Gasket seal mechanism 620a, 622a and/or gasket
seal mechanism 624a, 626a can be individually formed from any
suitable flexible and/or resilient material such as (by way of
example and not limitation): elastomeric materials, open or closed
cell foams, rubber, silicone, and the like. In this particular
example, gasket seal mechanisms 620a, 622a and 624a, 626a are
formed from resilient foam.
[0091] Additionally, gasket seal mechanism 620a, 622a and/or gasket
seal mechanism 624a, 626a can be formed in any suitable width
and/or profile shape such as (by way of example and not
limitation): square, rectangle, ellipse, concave, and the like.
Alternately or additionally, a gasket seal mechanism can be
configured to provide features such as (by way of example and not
limitation): return mechanisms, retention, strain relief, assembly
aids, and the like.
[0092] In at least some embodiments, gasket seal mechanism 620a,
622a can also be configured to provide a return mechanism effective
for providing tactile feedback in accordance with one or more
embodiments. Alternately or additionally, in at least some
embodiments, actuator mechanism 606a can include a return mechanism
of which examples are provided above. In at least some embodiments,
gasket seal mechanism 620a, 622a can be configured to assist the
return mechanism effective to allow the use of fewer and/or smaller
springs. In other embodiments, gasket seal mechanism 620 can be
configured as a return mechanism effective to eliminate the need of
a separate return mechanism. Alternately or additionally, in at
least some embodiments, gasket seal mechanism 620a, 622a can be
configured to not affect operation of the return mechanism.
[0093] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
gasket seal mechanism 624a, 626a can additionally be configured to
provide a return mechanism. In at least some embodiments, gasket
seal mechanism 624a, 626a can be configured to pre-load a spring of
the return mechanism of actuator mechanism 606a effective to reduce
actuator force utilized to create suitable tactile feedback.
[0094] The springs of the return mechanisms depicted herein (for
example in FIG. 6a) biases a surface (e.g., surface 602a) away from
a substrate (e.g., substrate 610a). When not actuated, the depicted
spring of the return mechanisms urge the surface against the
framework ledge (e.g., 630a, 632a). In addition and possibly in the
alternative, the surface (such as 602a) may be thought of as being
compressed between biasing components (e.g., between 624a, 626a and
620a, 622a) of the return mechanism. In addition and possibly in
the alternative, the surface (such as 602a) may be thought of as
being pulled and/or pulled by biasing components (e.g., by 624a,
626a and 620a, 622a) of the return mechanism. In addition and
possibly in the alternative, the surface (such as 602a) may be
thought of as resting between unbiased biasing components (e.g.,
between 624a, 626a and 620a, 622a) of the return mechanism. That
is, the biasing components (e.g., 624a, 626a and 620a, 622a) might
be relaxed and the surface might be relaxed therebetween.
[0095] As another example, configure FIG. 6b which illustrates a
side sectional view of an example material assembly in accordance
with one or more embodiments generally at 600b. In this example,
material assembly 600b includes a surface in the form of a screen
602b, a framework ledge 630b, 632b, and a display 604b such as, for
example, an LCD. For context, a fingertip 605b of the user is shown
in anticipation of touching the screen 602b. In this example,
framework ledge 630b, 632b can include any suitable framework ledge
such as (by way of example and not limitation): a bezel, housing,
button deck, instrument panel, chassis, and the like.
[0096] Material assembly 600b also includes an actuator mechanism
606b operably associated with screen 602b. The actuator mechanism
is configured to provide tactile feedback to a user responsive to a
user touching or otherwise engaging the screen 602b. In at least
some embodiments, actuator mechanism 606b includes a pair of
spaced-apart substrates 608b, 610b each of which supports a
conductive layer of material 612b, 614b respectively. It is to be
appreciated and understood, however, that substrates 608b, 610b may
individually include conductive material. In either instance, the
substrates have conductive properties.
[0097] In the present example substrates 608b, 610b can include any
suitable type of material of which examples are provided above.
Additionally, in the present example, conductive layers of material
612b, 614b can include any suitable type of conductive material of
which examples are provided for above. In this particular example,
conductive layers of material 612b, 614b include indium tin
oxide.
[0098] In at least some embodiments, a dielectric material 616b and
an adjacent air gap 618b are interposed between substrates 608b,
610b. Dielectric material 616b can include any suitable dielectric
material examples of which are provided above. Additionally,
actuator mechanism 606b may also include a gasket seal mechanism
620b, 622b. In at least some embodiments, gasket seal mechanism
620b, 622b is interposed between display 604b and framework ledge
630b, 632b. Gasket seal mechanism 620b, 622b can be configured to
protect actuator mechanism 606b from contaminants and/or debris.
Gasket seal mechanism 620b, 622b can be formed from any suitable
flexible and/or resilient material such as (by way of example and
not limitation): elastomeric materials, open or closed cell foams,
gas permeable material, rubber, silicone, and the like.
[0099] Alternately or additionally, gasket seal mechanism 620b,
622b can be configured to equalize pressure variances of an air
volume of material assembly 600b. In at least some embodiments,
sealing material assembly 600b may create an air volume. In at
least some instances, changes in temperature, altitude, barometric
pressure, actuation motion, and the like may result in a pressure
variance of the air volume of material assembly 600b.
[0100] In at least some embodiments, gasket seal mechanism 620b,
622b can include breathable venting effective to equalize a
pressure variance and/or prevent debris ingress, such as a Gore
membrane vent, a spring loaded pressure valve, or a combination of
one-way valves, just to name a few. Alternately or additionally, in
at least some embodiments, material assembly 600b may be configured
to contain an air volume much larger than a reduced air volume
caused by motion associated with actuation (e.g. a decrease in air
gap 618b associated with actuation).
[0101] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
material assembly 600b may include a flexible surface gasket 624b,
626b interposed between screen 602b and framework ledge 630b, 632b.
Flexible surface gasket 624b, 626b can be formed from any suitable
flexible and/or resilient material such as (by way of example and
not limitation): elastomeric materials, rubber, silicone, poron,
and the like. In this particular example, flexible surface gasket
624b, 626b is formed from rubber.
[0102] Additionally, flexible surface gasket 624b, 626b can be
formed in any suitable geometry and/or profile shape such as (by
way of example and not limitation): flat, curved, folded and the
like. In at least some embodiments, a flexible surface gasket 624b,
626b having folded geometry may reduce a pressure variance by
creating additional air space when unfolding and/or expanding.
Alternately or additionally, flexible surface gasket 624b, 626b can
be configured to provide features such as (by way of example and
not limitation): return mechanisms, retention, strain relief,
assembly aids, and the like.
[0103] As yet another example, consider FIG. 7 which illustrates a
side sectional view of an example material assembly in accordance
with one or more embodiments generally at 700. In this example,
material assembly includes a surface in the form of screen 702 and
a display 704 such as, for example, an active-matrix organic light
emitting diode (AMOLED) display. Any suitable display, however, can
be used. For context, a fingertip 705 of a user is shown in
anticipation of touching the screen 702.
[0104] Material assembly 700 also includes an actuator mechanism
706 operably associated with screen 702. The actuator mechanism is
configured to provide tactile feedback to a user responsive to a
user touching or otherwise engaging the screen 702. In at least
some embodiments, actuator mechanism 706 includes a pair of
spaced-apart substrates 708, 710 each of which support a conductive
layer of material 712, 714 respectively. It is to be appreciated
and understood, however, that substrates 708, 710 may individually
include conductive material. In either instance, the substrates
have conductive properties.
[0105] In the present example, substrates 708, 710 can include any
suitable type of substrate examples of which are provided above. In
this particular example, substrates 708, 710 include a clear
material, such as glass. Additionally, in the present example,
conductive layers of material 712, 714 can include any suitable
type of conductive material of which examples are provided for
above. In this particular example, conductive layers of material
712, 714 include indium tin oxide.
[0106] In at least some embodiments, a dielectric material 716 and
an adjacent air gap 718 are interposed between substrates 708, 710.
Dielectric material 716 can include any suitable type of dielectric
material examples of which are provided above. In this particular
example, dielectric material 716 includes a clear dielectric
material such as glass. Alternately or additionally, in at least
some embodiments, actuator mechanism 706 also includes a return
mechanism 720, 722 of which examples are provided above.
[0107] In at least some embodiments, actuator mechanism 706
includes a bellow seal mechanism 734, 736. Bellow seal mechanism
734, 736 is interposed between substrates 708, 710. Bellow seal
mechanism 734, 736 is configured to protect components of actuator
mechanism 706 from contaminants and/or debris.
[0108] In at least some embodiments, bellow seal mechanism 734, 736
includes one or more pleats configured to allow bellow seal
mechanism 734, 736 to compress and/or expand as substrates 708, 710
move in accordance with one or more embodiments. Alternately or
additionally, the one or more pleats can be configured in any
suitable geometry which can include, by way of example and not
limitation, triangular, curved, and/or any combination thereof. In
at least some embodiments, return mechanism 720, 722 may be
interposed between pleats of bellow seal mechanism 734, 736 as
shown in FIG. 7. In other embodiments, the pleats of the bellow
seal mechanism 734, 736 may point inward and toward each other
rather than outward and away from each other as depicted in FIG.
7.
[0109] Bellow seal mechanism 734, 736 can include any suitable type
of flexible material such as (by way of example and not
limitation): rubber, fabric, elastomeric, polyamides and the
like.
[0110] As yet another example, consider FIG. 8 which illustrates a
side sectional view of an example material assembly in accordance
with one or more embodiments generally at 800. In this example,
material assembly 800 includes a surface in the form of a screen
802, and a display 804 such as, for example, an LCD. For context, a
fingertip 805 of a user is shown in anticipation of touching the
screen 802. In this example, material assembly also includes bezel
844, 846 and a framework ledge 848, 850. In this example framework
ledge 848, 850 can include any suitable surface such as (by way of
example and not limitation): button deck, instrument panel,
housing, device enclosure, vehicle dash board, chassis, and the
like.
[0111] Material assembly 800 also includes an actuator mechanism
806 operably associated with screen 802. The actuator mechanism is
configured to provide tactile feedback to a user responsive to a
user touching or otherwise engaging the screen 802. In at least
some embodiments, actuator mechanism 806 includes a pair of
spaced-apart substrates 808, 810 each of which supports a
conductive layer of material 812, 814 respectively. It is to be
appreciated and understood, however, that substrates 808, 810 may
individually include conductive material. In either instance, the
substrates have conductive properties.
[0112] In the present example, substrates 808, 810 can include any
suitable type of substrate material, examples of which are provided
above. In this particular example, substrates 808, 810 include a
clear material such as plastic. Additionally, in the present
example, conductive layers of material 812, 814 can include any
suitable type of conductive material of which examples are provided
for above. In this particular example, conductive layers of
material 812, 814 include indium tin oxide.
[0113] In at least some embodiments, a dielectric material 816 and
an adjacent air gap 818 are interposed between substrates 808, 810.
Dielectric material 816 can include any suitable dielectric
material, examples of which are provided above. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, actuator mechanism 806
also includes a flexible seal mechanism 840, 842 interposed between
substrates 808, 810. Flexible seal mechanism 840, 842 is configured
to protect actuator mechanism 806 from contaminants and/or debris.
Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments, the
flexible seal mechanism can be configured to support a surface,
such as screen 802 and/or substrate 808. In at least some
embodiments, the flexible seal mechanism is configured to allow the
supported surface to move in accordance with one or more
embodiments. Alternately or additionally, in at least some
embodiments, flexible screen mechanism 840, 842 includes a flexible
seal lip 852, 854 interposed between screen 802 and framework ledge
848, 850.
[0114] Flexible seal mechanism 840, 842 can be formed from any
suitable material such as (by way of example and not limitation):
elastomeric materials, rubber, silicone, and the like. In at least
some embodiments, flexible seal mechanism 840, 842 can be formed
from a material impregnated with conductive particles, such as
nickel-graphite, effective to mitigate interference generated by
display 802.
[0115] In at least some embodiments, actuator mechanism 806
includes a return mechanism 820, 822 of which examples are provided
above. In this particular example, return mechanism 820, 822 is
interposed between flexible seal mechanism 840, 842 and substrate
808. Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
flexible seal mechanism 840, 842 can be configured to provide
integral return mechanisms.
[0116] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
flexible seal mechanism 840, 842 can be configured to provide
features such as (by way of example and not limitation): strain
relief, assembly aids, spring retention, spring mounting, and the
like.
[0117] FIG. 9a illustrates an example flexible seal mechanism in
more detail in accordance with one or more embodiments generally at
900. In the view shown in FIG. 9a, an isometric cross sectional
view of a portion of flexible seal mechanism 900 is shown. Flexible
seal mechanism 900, in this example, corresponds to flexible seal
mechanism 840, 842 in FIG. 8.
[0118] In the present example, flexible seal mechanism 900 includes
a mounting area 902. In at least some embodiments, mounting area
902 is configured to be disposed adjacent a suitable mounting
surface such as (by way of example and not limitation): a
substrate, display, display frame, and the like. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, mounting area 902 may
support a layer of adhesive effective to mount or bond flexible
seal mechanism 900 to a suitable mounting surface.
[0119] Flexible seal mechanism 900 also includes a resilient
intermediary section 904 interposed between mounting area 902 and a
surface receptacle area 906. In at least some embodiments, surface
receptacle area 906 is configured to receivably support a screen
and/or substrate, such as screen 802 and substrate 808 as shown in
FIG. 8. Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
resilient intermediary section 904 is configured to compress and/or
extend allowing a supported surface to move in accordance with one
or more embodiments.
[0120] In some embodiments, flexible seal mechanism 900 can also be
configured to provide a return mechanism mounting area 908 on which
a return mechanism can be mounted. Return mechanism mounting area
908 may support any suitable return mechanism, examples of which
are provided above. In at least some embodiments, return mechanism
mounting area 908 may support a layer of adhesive effective to
retain return mechanisms.
[0121] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
flexible seal mechanism 900 may be properly configured effective to
provide functionality of a return mechanism. For example, a
flexible seal membrane may be constructed from any suitable
resilient material effective to provide sealing and spring
functionality eliminating the need for return mechanism
components.
[0122] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
flexible seal mechanism 900 includes a flexible seal lip 910
interposed between surface receptacle area 906 and a proximate
framework ledge, for example, framework ledge 848, 850 of FIG. 8.
In at least some embodiments, flexible seal lip 910 can be
configured to maintain contact with the proximate surface effective
to provide a seal between the framework ledge and flexible seal
mechanism 900.
[0123] FIG. 9b illustrates another example flexible seal mechanism
in accordance with one or more embodiments generally at 900b. In
the view shown in FIG. 9b, an isometric cross sectional view of a
portion of flexible seal mechanism 900b is shown.
[0124] In the present example, flexible seal mechanism 900b
includes a mounting area 902b. In at least some embodiments,
mounting area 902b is configured to be disposed adjacent a suitable
mounting surface such as (by way of example and not limitation): a
substrate, display, display frame, and the like. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, mounting area 902b may
support a layer of adhesive effective to mount flexible seal
mechanism 900b to any suitable mounting surface.
[0125] Flexible seal mechanism 900b also includes resilient
intermediary section 904b. Resilient intermediary section 904b is
interposed between mounting area 902b and surface receptacle area
906b. In at least some embodiments, surface receptacle area 906b is
configured to receivably support a screen and/or substrate, such as
screen 802 and substrate 808 as shown in FIG. 8. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, resilient intermediary
section 904b is configured to compress and/or extend allowing
movement of the supported surface in accordance with one or more
embodiments.
[0126] In at least some embodiments, flexible seal mechanism 900b
can be configured to provide a return mechanism mounting area 908b
on which a return mechanism can be mounted. Return mechanism
mounting area 908b may support any suitable return mechanism,
examples of which are provided above. In at least some embodiments,
return mechanism mounting area 908b may support a layer of adhesive
effective to retain return mechanisms. Alternately or additionally,
return mechanism mounting area 908b may include return mechanism
retaining features, such as (by way of example and not limitation):
recesses, cavities, channels, and the like, effective to retain
suitable return mechanisms.
[0127] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
flexible seal mechanism 900b may be properly configured effective
to provide functionality of a return mechanism. For example, a
flexible seal membrane may be constructed from any suitable
resilient material effective to provide sealing and spring
functionality eliminating the need for return mechanism
components.
[0128] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
flexible seal mechanism 900b includes flexible seal lip 910b
effective to seal a surface such as (by way of example and not
limitation): a screen, touch screen, and the like.
[0129] Having described example sealing mechanisms, consider now a
discussion of example retention mechanisms that can provide
retention for a surface.
[0130] Example Surface Retention Mechanisms
[0131] FIG. 10 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments
generally at 1000. In this particular example, material assembly
1000 includes a surface in the form of a screen 1002, and a display
1004 such as, for example, an LCD. For context, a fingertip 1005 of
a user is shown in anticipation of touching the screen 1002.
[0132] Material assembly 1000 also includes an actuator mechanism
1006 operably associated with screen 1002. The actuator mechanism
is configured to provide tactile feedback to a user responsive to a
user touching or otherwise engaging the screen 1002. In at least
some embodiments, actuator mechanism 1006 includes a pair of
spaced-apart substrates 1008, 1010 each of which supports a
conductive layer of material 1012, 1014 respectively. It is to be
appreciated and understood, however, that substrates 1008, 1010 may
individually include conductive material. In either instance, the
substrates have conductive properties.
[0133] In the present example, substrates 1008, 1010 can include
any suitable type of substrate examples of which are provided
above. In this particular example, substrates 1008, 1010 include a
clear material such as glass. Additionally, in the present example,
conductive layers of material 1012, 1014 can include any suitable
type of conductive material of which examples are provided for
above. In this particular example, conductive layers of material
1012, 1014 include indium tin oxide.
[0134] In at least some embodiments, a dielectric material 1016 and
an adjacent air gap 1018 are in the defined gap between the
substrates 1008, 1010. In addition, actuator mechanism 1006 may
also include a return mechanism 1020. In at least some embodiments,
return mechanism 1020 is interposed between substrates 1008, 1010
to permit movement of screen 1002 under influence of drive
circuitry in accordance with one of more embodiments.
[0135] In the present example, material assembly 1000 also includes
an adhesive strip retainer 1030. In at least some embodiments,
adhesive strip retainer 1030 is configured to provide retention for
a surface such as, for example, screen 1002. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer
1030 allows a retained surface, such as screen 1002, to move in
directions normal to the retained surface (which include both in
and out movements). The adhesive strip retainer allows this
movement while restricting movement in other directions. In this
particular example, the direction normal to the retained surface
can be a direction of actuation for actuator mechanism 1006. In
some implementations, the adhesive strip retainer 1030 allows a
retained surface, such as screen 1002, to move in a direction away
from the plane of the retained surface.
[0136] In addition or in still other embodiments, the adhesive
strip retainer may permit movement of the surface in one or more of
the following directions: [0137] out from a plane of the surface;
[0138] toward a plane of least one of the substrates; [0139] out
from a plane of least one of the substrates; [0140] consistent with
the movement of at least one substrate permitted by the actuator
mechanism; [0141] substantially orthogonal to the surface; and/or
[0142] orthogonal to the surface.
[0143] With these and other embodiments, the adhesive strip
retainer restricts the specified movements while restricting
movement of the surface in all other directions or restricting
movement in particular directions. An example of such restricted
directions includes movements that are parallel with the plane of
the surface and/or the substrates.
[0144] Adhesive strip retainer 1030 can also support layers of
adhesive 1038, 1040 effective to mount adhesive strip retainer 1030
between a pair of spaced-apart substrates such as, in this example,
the pair of spaced-apart substrates 1008, 1010.
[0145] In at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1030
includes a flexible section 1032 interposed between adhesive
supporting sections 1036, 1038 of adhesive strip retainer 1030. In
at least some embodiments, flexible section 1032 permits movement
of a retained surface by flexing and/or articulating. Alternately
or additionally, in at least some embodiments, flexible section
1032 can be configured to control aspects of movement of a retained
surface such as (by way of example and not limitation): maximum
and/or minimum travel distance in directions normal to and/or out
from the retained surface. Alternately or additionally, in at least
some embodiments, return mechanism 1020 can be interposed between
adhesive supporting sections 1036, 1038.
[0146] Adhesive strip retainer 1030 may include any suitable
material such as (by way of example and not limitation):
polycarbonate, polyester, fabric, sheet metal and the like. It is
to be appreciated and understood that any suitable type of flexible
material can be utilized to provide adhesive strip retainer
1030.
[0147] FIG. 11a illustrates a top down view of an example adhesive
strip retainer in more detail in accordance with one or more
embodiments generally at 1100. Adhesive strip retainer 1100, in
this example, corresponds to adhesive strip retainer 1030 in FIG.
10. Adhesive strip retainer 1100 is configured to provide retention
for a surface such as, for example, a screen operably coupled to an
actuator mechanism, examples of which are provided above. In at
least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1100 is configured
to allow movement of the retained surface in directions normal to
and/or out from the surface, while restricting movement in other
directions. Alternately or additionally, in at least some
embodiments, the direction normal to the surface may be a direction
of actuation for an actuator mechanism configured to provide
tactile feedback.
[0148] Adhesive strip retainer 1100 can also support a layer of
adhesive 1102 effective to mount adhesive strip retainer 1100 to a
surface to be retained, such as, for example, a touch screen.
Additionally, in at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer
1100 can support a layer of adhesive 1104 effective to mount
retaining mechanism to a base surface such as, for example, a
display. In this particular example, layers of adhesive 1102 and
1104 are supported on the same side of adhesive strip retainer
1100. Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
layers of adhesive 1102, 1104 may be supported on opposite sides of
adhesive strip retainer 1100.
[0149] Adhesive strip retainer 1100 can be formed into any suitable
geometry such as (by way of example and not limitation): square and
L-shaped geometries. Alternately or additionally, in at least some
embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1100 may be formed into folded
geometries comprising one or more overlapping and/or
non-overlapping folds. In this particular example, retainer
mechanism 1000 can be folded along axis 1106.
[0150] In at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1100
includes flexible material such as (by way of example and not
limitation): polycarbonate, polyester, fabric, sheet metal and the
like. Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
the retaining mechanism includes one or more flexible or
articulating sections such as, flexible sections 1108, 1110, 1112
and/or 1114, which allow a retained surface to move in directions
normal to and/or out from the retained surface. It is to be
appreciated and understood that any suitable type of flexible
material can be utilized to provide adhesive strip retainer
1100.
[0151] As another example, consider FIG. 11b which illustrates a
top down view of an example adhesive strip retainer in more detail
in accordance with one or more embodiments generally at 1100b. In
this particular example, adhesive strip retainer 1100b corresponds
to adhesive strip retainer 1300 which has been folded along axis
1106. Adhesive strip retainer 1100b is configured to provide
retention for surface such as, for example, a substrate of an
actuator mechanism. In at least some embodiments, adhesive strip
retainer 1100b is configured to allow movement of the retained
surface in directions normal to and/or out from the surface, while
restricting movement in other directions. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, the direction normal to
the surface can be a suitable direction for an actuator mechanism
to provide tactile feedback. In other implementations, the adhesive
strip retainer 1100b is configured to allow movement of the
retained surface in a direction away from the plane of the surface,
while restricting movement in directions parallel with the plane of
the surface.
[0152] Adhesive strip retainer 1100b can also support a layer of
adhesive 1104b effective to mount adhesive strip retainer 1100b to
a surface to be retained such as, for example, a first substrate of
a pair of spaced-apart substrates or a surface, such as a touch
screen. In at least some embodiments, flexible sections 1110b
and/or 1114b allow the retained surface to move. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer
1100b can support a layer of adhesive effective to mount the
opposite side of adhesive strip retainer 1100b to a base surface
such as, for example, a second substrate of a pair of spaced-apart
substrates, a bezel, or housing.
[0153] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
adhesive strip retainer 1100b can be formed into any suitable
geometry such as (by way of example and not limitation): square and
L-shaped geometries. Alternately or additionally, in at least some
embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1100b can be mounted at one or
more corners of a surface effective to retain the surface.
Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments, adhesive
strip retainer 1100b may include geometric features such as (by way
of example and not limitation): square inside corner 1118b to
reduce intrusion into viewing area of a display and/or rounded
corner 1116b effective to increase rigidity of adhesive strip
retainer 1100b.
[0154] Adhesive strip retainer 1100b may include any suitable
flexible material, examples of which are provided above.
[0155] FIG. 12 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments
generally at 1200. In this particular example, material assembly
1200 includes a surface in the form of a screen 1202, and a display
1204 such as, for example, an LCD. For context, a fingertip 1205 of
a user is shown in anticipation of touching the screen 1202.
[0156] Material assembly 1200 also includes an actuator mechanism
1206 operably associated with screen 1202. The actuator mechanism
is configured to provide tactile feedback to a user responsive to a
user touching or otherwise engaging the screen 1202. In at least
some embodiments, actuator mechanism 1206 includes a pair of
spaced-apart substrates 1208, 1210 each of which supports a
conductive layer of material 1212, 1214 respectively. It is to be
appreciated and understood, however, that substrates 1208, 1210 may
individually include conductive material. In either instance, the
substrates have conductive properties.
[0157] In the present example substrates 1208, 1210 can include any
suitable type of substrate, examples of which are provided above.
In this particular example, substrates 1208, 1210 include a clear
material such as glass. Additionally, in the present example,
conductive layers of material 1212, 1214 can include any suitable
type of conductive material, of which examples are provided for
above. In this particular example, conductive layers of material
1212, 1214 include indium tin oxide.
[0158] In at least some embodiments, a dielectric material 1216 and
an adjacent air gap 1218 are in the defined gap between the
substrates 1208, 1210. In addition, actuator mechanism 1206 may
also include a return mechanism 1220. In at least some embodiments,
return mechanism 1220 is interposed between substrates 1208, 1210
to permit movement of screen 1202 under influence of drive
circuitry in accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0159] In the present example, material assembly 1200 also includes
an adhesive strip retainer 1230. In at least some embodiments,
adhesive strip retainer 1230 is configured to provide retention for
a surface such as, for example, screen 1202. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer
1230 allows a retained surface, such as screen 1202, to move in
directions normal to and/or out from the retained surface, while
restricting movement in other directions. In this particular
example, the direction normal to the retained surface can be a
direction of actuation for actuator mechanism 1206. In other
implementations, the adhesive strip retainer 1230 is configured to
allow movement of the retained surface in a direction away from the
plane of the surface, while restricting movement in directions
parallel with the plane of the surface.
[0160] Adhesive strip retainer 1230 can also support layers of
adhesive 1238, 1240 effective to mount adhesive strip retainer 1230
between a pair of spaced-apart substrates such as, in this example,
the pair of spaced-apart substrates 1208, 1210.
[0161] In at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1230
includes a flexible section 1232 interposed between adhesive
supporting sections 1236, 1234 of adhesive strip retainer 1230. In
at least some embodiments, flexible section 1232 permits movement
of a retained surface by flexing and/or articulating. Alternately
or additionally, in at least some embodiments, flexible section
1232 can be configured to control aspects of movement of a retained
surface such as (by way of example and not limitation): maximum
and/or minimum travel distance in directions normal to and/or out
from the retained surface.
[0162] Adhesive strip retainer 1230 may include any suitable
material such as (by way of example and not limitation):
polycarbonate, polyester, fabric, sheet metal and the like. It is
to be appreciated and understood that any suitable type of flexible
material can be utilized to provide adhesive strip retainer
1230.
[0163] FIG. 13a illustrates a top down view of an example adhesive
strip retainer in more detail in accordance with one or more
embodiments generally at 1300. Adhesive strip retainer 1300, in
this example, corresponds to adhesive strip retainer 1230 in FIG.
12. In this particular example, adhesive strip retainer 1300 is
configured to retain a surface such as, for example, a touch screen
operably associated with an actuator mechanism. In at least some
embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1300 allows movement of the
retained surface in directions normal to and/or out from the
surface, while restricting movement in other directions. In at
least some embodiments, the direction normal to the surface can be
a direction suitable for an actuator mechanism to provide tactile
feedback. In other implementations, the adhesive strip retainer
1300 is configured to allow movement of the retained surface in a
direction away from the plane of the surface, while restricting
movement in directions parallel with the plane of the surface.
[0164] Adhesive strip retainer 1300 also supports layers of
adhesive 1302, 1304 effective to mount the retaining mechanism
between a pair of spaced-apart surfaces such as, for example, a
pair of substrates. In at least some embodiments, layers of
adhesive 1302, 1304 can be supported on opposing sides of adhesive
strip retainer 1300. In other embodiments, layers of adhesive 1302,
1304 can be supported on the same side of adhesive strip retainer
1300.
[0165] In at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1300
includes a flexible section 1306 interposed between sections of
adhesive strip retainer 1300 supporting layers of adhesive 1302,
1304. In at least some embodiments, flexible section 1306 permits
movement of a retained surface by flexing and/or articulating.
Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments, flexible
section 1306 can be configured to control aspects of movement of a
retained surface such as (by way of example and not limitation):
maximum and/or minimum travel distance in directions normal to
and/or out from the retained surface.
[0166] Adhesive strip retainer 1300 may include any suitable
material such as (by way of example and not limitation):
polycarbonate, polyester, fabric, sheet metal and the like. It is
to be appreciated and understood that any suitable type of flexible
material can be utilized to provide adhesive strip retainer
1300.
[0167] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
adhesive strip retainer 1300 can be formed into any suitable
geometry such as (by way of example and not limitation): strips,
L-shaped, square, and the like. In at least some embodiments, each
section of adhesive strip retainer 1300 may be configured
individually for mounting on surfaces of varying widths.
Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments, adhesive
strip retainer 1300 may be formed into folded geometries comprising
one or more overlapping and/or non-overlapping folds.
[0168] In at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1300
can be configured to provide features such as (by way of example
and not limitation): return mechanism retention 1308 and/or hard
stops for movement of the retained surface.
[0169] As another example, consider FIG. 13b which illustrates a
top down view of another example retaining mechanism in accordance
with one or more embodiments generally at 1300b. In this particular
example, adhesive strip retainer 1300b is configured to retain a
surface, such as, for example, a screen operably associated with an
actuator mechanism of which examples are provided above. In at
least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1300b allows
movement of the retained surface in directions normal to and/or out
from the surface, while restricting movement in other directions.
For example, in at least some embodiments, the direction normal to
the surface can be a direction suitable for an actuator mechanism
to provide tactile feedback. In other implementations, the adhesive
strip retainer 1300b is configured to allow movement of the
retained surface in a direction away from the plane of the surface,
while restricting movement in directions parallel with the plane of
the surface.
[0170] Adhesive strip retainer 1300b also supports layers of
adhesive 1302b, 1304b effective to mount retaining mechanism
between a pair of spaced-apart surfaces such as, for example, a
pair of substrates. In at least some embodiments, layers of
adhesive 1302b, 1304b can be supported on opposing sides of
adhesive strip retainer 1300b. In other embodiments, layers of
adhesive 1302b, 1304b can be supported on the same side of adhesive
strip retainer 1300b.
[0171] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
adhesive strip retainer 1300b includes a flexible section 1306b
interposed between sections of adhesive strip retainer 1300b
supporting layers of adhesive 1302b, 1304b. In at least some
embodiments, flexible section 1306b permits movement of a retained
surface by flexing or articulating at folds and/or creases.
Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments, flexible
section 1306b can be configured to control aspects of movement of a
retained surface such as (by way of example and not limitation):
maximum and/or minimum travel distance in directions normal to
and/or out from the retained surface.
[0172] Adhesive strip retainer 1300b may include any suitable
material such as (by way of example and not limitation):
polycarbonate, polyester, fabric, sheet metal and the like. It is
to be appreciated and understood that any suitable type of flexible
material can be utilized to provide adhesive strip retainer
1300b.
[0173] Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments,
adhesive strip retainer 1300b can be formed into any suitable
geometry such as (by way of example and not limitation):
rectangule, L-shaped, square, and the like. In at least some
embodiments, sections of the retaining mechanism can be configured
individually for mounting on surfaces of varying widths.
Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments, adhesive
strip retainer 1300b may be formed into folded geometries
comprising one or more overlapping and/or non-overlapping
folds.
[0174] In at least some embodiments, adhesive strip retainer 1300b
can be configured to provide features such as (by way of example
and not limitation): assembly aids, one or more return mechanism
retention features 1308b and/or hard stops for movement of a
retained surface.
[0175] FIG. 14 illustrates a side sectional view of an example
material assembly in accordance with one or more embodiments
generally at 1400. In this particular example, material assembly
1400 includes a surface in the form of a screen 1402, and a display
1404 such as, for example, an LCD. For context, a fingertip 1405 of
a user is shown in anticipation of touching the screen 1402.
[0176] Material assembly 1400 also includes an actuator mechanism
1406 operably associated with screen 1402. The actuator mechanism
is configured to provide tactile feedback to a user responsive to a
user touching or otherwise engaging the screen 1402. In at least
some embodiments, actuator mechanism 1406 includes a pair of
spaced-apart substrates 1408, 1410 each of which supports a
conductive layer of material 1412, 1414 respectively. It is to be
appreciated and understood, however, that substrates 1408, 1410 may
individually include conductive material. In either instance, the
substrates have conductive properties.
[0177] In the present example, substrates 1408, 1410 can include
any suitable type of substrate, examples of which are provided
above. In this particular example, substrates 1408, 1410 include a
clear material such as glass. Additionally, in the present example,
conductive layers of material 1412, 1414 can include any suitable
type of conductive material, of which examples are provided for
above. In this particular example, conductive layers of material
1412, 1414 include indium tin oxide.
[0178] In at least some embodiments, a dielectric material 1416 and
an adjacent air gap 1418 are in the defined gap between the
substrates 1408, 1410. In addition, actuator mechanism 1406 may
also include a return mechanism 1420. In at least some embodiments,
return mechanism 1420 is interposed between substrates 1408, 1410
to permit movement of screen 1402 under influence of drive
circuitry in accordance with one of more embodiments.
[0179] In the present example, material assembly 1400 also includes
a bearing guide assembly 1460. In at least some embodiments bearing
guide assembly 1460 is configured to provide retention for a
surface such as, for example, screen 1402. Alternately or
additionally, in at least some embodiments, bearing guide assembly
1460 allows a retained surface, such as screen 1402, to move in
directions normal to and/or out from the retained surface, while
restricting movement in other directions. In this particular
example, the direction normal to the retained surface can be a
direction of actuation for actuator mechanism 1406. In other
implementations, the adhesive strip retainer 1460 is configured to
allow movement of the retained surface in a direction away from the
plane of the surface, while restricting movement in directions
parallel with the plane of the surface.
[0180] In at least some embodiments, bearing guide assembly 1460
includes a frame 1462 operably coupled to a surface to be retained.
Alternately or additionally, in at least some embodiments, bearing
guide assembly 1460 includes chassis 1464 disposed adjacent to a
suitable base, such as, in this particular example display
1404.
[0181] Additionally, bearing guide assembly 1460 may include a
bearing mechanism 1466, 1468 disposed operably between frame 1462
and chassis 1464. In at least some embodiments, bearing mechanism
1466, 1468 is configured to allow movement of a retained surface in
directions normal to and/or out from the retained surface.
Alternately or additionally, bearing mechanism 1466, 1468 may
restrict movement of the retained surface in directions other than
those normal to the retained surface. In this particular example,
bearing guide assembly 1460 is configured to support screen 1402
vertically while allowing movement of screen 1402 in accordance
with one or more embodiments. In other implementations, the bearing
mechanism 1466, 1468 is configured to allow movement of the
retained surface in a direction away from the plane of the surface,
while restricting movement in directions parallel with the plane of
the surface.
[0182] Bearing mechanism 1466, 1468 may include any suitable type
of bearing such as (by way of example and not limitation): ball
bearings, roller bearings, cylindrical bearings, shaft and bearing
systems, guide block and rail systems, linear motion slides, and
the like. Additionally, in at least some embodiments, bearing guide
assembly 1460 includes a bearing stop 1470 interposed between frame
1462 and chassis 1464 effective to limit movement of bearing
mechanism 1466, 1468 in one or more directions.
[0183] As an example, consider FIG. 15, which continues the example
in FIG. 14. There, bearing stop 1470 is configured to limit
movement of bearing mechanism 1466, 1468, as well as screen 1402
retained by bearing guide assembly 1460, to a distance 1472 in at
least one direction of actuation of actuator mechanism 1406 as can
be seen by comparison of FIG. 14 and FIG. 15.
Example Method
[0184] FIG. 16 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method
in accordance with one or more embodiments. The method can be
implemented in connection with any suitable hardware, software,
firmware, or combination thereof. In at least some embodiments, the
method can be implemented in connection with systems such as those
that are described above.
[0185] Step 1600 senses user input. This step can be performed in
any suitable way. For example, in at least some embodiments, a
user's input can be sensed responsive to the user touching a touch
surface such as a touch screen or touch pad. In addition, examples
of various technologies that can be utilized to sense a user's
input have been provided above.
[0186] As an example, consider FIG. 17 which illustrates the FIG. 2
embodiment. In this example, a finger 1700 has touched touch
surface 202.
[0187] Responsive to sensing the user's input, step 1602 applies an
electrical signal, such as a voltage or a voltage profile, to
conductive layers that are supported by substrates, such as those
conductive layers and substrates that are described above. Any
suitable type of electrical signal can be applied including those
that are defined by voltage profiles such as the profiles that are
described above. Applying voltage to the conductive layers provides
tactile feedback to user as described above.
[0188] As an example, consider FIG. 18 which continues the FIG. 17
example. There, a voltage has been applied to the conductive layers
of material 212, 214 thus causing an attractive force between the
layers and hence, the substrates 208, 210 respectively, on which
they reside. Responsive to the applied voltage, in this example,
substrate 208 moves towards substrate 210 thus compressing return
mechanism 220, 222. As can be seen by a comparison of FIGS. 17 and
18, air gap 218 and hence, the distance between substrates 208 and
210 has been reduced.
[0189] When the voltage is removed from the conductive layers of
material, the resiliency of return mechanism 220, 222 causes
substrates 208, 210 to return to what can be considered as an
unbiased disposition relative to one another. It is to be
appreciated and understood, however, that any resilient mechanism
can be utilized without departing from the spirit and scope of
claimed subject matter. The movement of the substrates as just
described provides tactile feedback to the user which can simulate
a button click or rotary knob click. Alternately or additionally,
at least in some embodiment, other suitable types of tactile
feedback, such as a buzz or vibration, can be provided with
suitable voltage profiles.
[0190] The steps of the method illustrated in FIG. 16 can be
implemented in connection with any suitable hardware, software,
firmware, or combination thereof. For example, consider FIG. 19
which illustrates a high-level block diagram of a system that can
be incorporated into a device and utilized to implement the
functionality described above and below. In the illustrated and
described example, system 1900 includes a microcontroller 602
which, in turn, includes a haptics customizing engine 1904, a
computer-readable storage media in the form of an EEPROM 1906, a
touch sense module 1908, and a haptics engine 1910. In addition,
system 1900 includes an adjustable DC/DC converter 1912, high side
switches 1914, 1916, low side switches 1918, 1920, and an actuator
1922. The various components of system 1900 can be configured in
any suitable manner in order to provide haptic feedback as
described above.
Concluding Notes
[0191] In the above description of exemplary implementations, for
purposes of explanation, specific numbers, materials
configurations, and other details are set forth in order to better
explain the invention, as claimed. However, it will be apparent to
one skilled in the art that the claimed invention may be practiced
using different details than the exemplary ones described herein.
In other instances, well-known features are omitted or simplified
to clarify the description of the exemplary implementations.
[0192] The inventors intend the described exemplary implementations
to be primarily examples. The inventors do not intend these
exemplary implementations to limit the scope of the appended
claims. Rather, the inventors have contemplated that the claimed
invention might also be embodied and implemented in other ways, in
conjunction with other present or future technologies.
[0193] Moreover, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean
serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or
design described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be
construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or
designs. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to present
concepts and techniques in a concrete fashion. The term
"techniques," for instance, may refer to one or more devices,
apparatuses, systems, methods, articles of manufacture, and/or
computer-readable instructions as indicated by the context
described herein.
[0194] As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to
mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or." That is,
unless specified otherwise or clear from context, "X employs A or
B" is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations.
That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B,
then "X employs A or B" is satisfied under any of the foregoing
instances. In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this
application and the appended claims should generally be construed
to mean "one or more," unless specified otherwise or clear from
context to be directed to a singular form.
[0195] These processes are illustrated as a collection of blocks in
a logical flow graph, which represents a sequence of operations
that can be implemented in mechanics alone or a combination with
hardware, software, and/or firmware. In the context of
software/firmware, the blocks represent instructions stored on one
or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one
or more processors, perform the recited operations.
[0196] Note that the order in which the processes are described is
not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the
described process blocks can be combined in any order to implement
the processes or an alternate process. Additionally, individual
blocks may be deleted from the processes without departing from the
spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein.
[0197] The term "computer-readable media" includes computer-storage
media. For example, computer-storage media may include, but are not
limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk,
and magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD) and
digital versatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, flash memory devices
(e.g., thumb drive, stick, key drive, and SD cards), and volatile
and non-volatile memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM),
read-only memory (ROM)). Unless the context indicates otherwise,
the terms "normal" as used in discussions herein regarding
movements of a surface, substrate, or the like in a direction
relative towards, from, away from, or out of a surface, substrate,
or the like includes one or more directions which are orthogonal
from or towards the stated surface, substrate, or the like. Unless
the context indicates otherwise, the term "normal" also includes
directions which are substantially orthogonal or substantially
normal (which includes a range of twenty degrees plus or minus of
orthogonal).
[0198] Unless the context indicates otherwise, the term "towards"
as used in discussions herein regarding movements of a surface,
substrate, or the like in a direction that is towards a surface,
substrate, or the like includes direction which is less than ninety
degrees from being orthogonal towards the stated surface,
substrate, or the like. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the
term "away" or "out" as used in discussions herein regarding
movements of a surface, substrate, or the like in a direction that
is away or out from the plane of a surface, substrate, or the like
includes direction which is less than ninety degrees from being
orthogonal away from the stated surface, substrate, or the
like.
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