U.S. patent application number 12/981119 was filed with the patent office on 2011-04-28 for membrane filter for water treatment.
This patent application is currently assigned to KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS GMBH. Invention is credited to Stefan Schafer, Klaus Vossenkaul.
Application Number | 20110094964 12/981119 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 7656022 |
Filed Date | 2011-04-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110094964 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Vossenkaul; Klaus ; et
al. |
April 28, 2011 |
MEMBRANE FILTER FOR WATER TREATMENT
Abstract
The invention relates to a membrane filter for water treatment,
comprising a head piece including a permeate collecting chamber
with a permeate outlet, and at least one fiber bundle made from
capillary membranes, which are secured into the head piece with an
end that is open towards the permeate collecting chamber and sealed
on the opposite end thereof. The head piece contains an air duct to
which the mouth piece that protrudes into the fiber bundle is
connected with at least one air outlet. At its other end, the fiber
bundle terminates in freely movable manner in the untreated
water.
Inventors: |
Vossenkaul; Klaus; (Aachen,
DE) ; Schafer; Stefan; (Aachen, DE) |
Assignee: |
KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS GMBH
Aachen
DE
|
Family ID: |
7656022 |
Appl. No.: |
12/981119 |
Filed: |
December 29, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12761896 |
Apr 16, 2010 |
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12981119 |
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12354917 |
Jan 16, 2009 |
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12761896 |
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11611294 |
Dec 15, 2006 |
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12354917 |
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11419054 |
May 18, 2006 |
7160454 |
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11611294 |
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10380568 |
Aug 1, 2003 |
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PCT/EP2001/009788 |
Aug 24, 2001 |
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11419054 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
210/636 ;
210/232 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01D 2321/12 20130101;
B01D 63/024 20130101; B01D 65/02 20130101; B01D 2313/26 20130101;
B01D 2321/185 20130101; B01D 63/04 20130101; B01D 65/08 20130101;
C02F 1/444 20130101; B01D 63/043 20130101; B01D 2315/06 20130101;
B01D 2313/06 20130101; C02F 2303/16 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
210/636 ;
210/232 |
International
Class: |
B01D 65/02 20060101
B01D065/02; B01D 69/08 20060101 B01D069/08 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 13, 2000 |
DE |
10045227.2 |
Claims
1. A method to dislodge fouling materials from external surfaces of
hollow fiber membranes immersed vertically in an open basin
containing feed liquid at a feed liquid pressure, the method
comprising the steps of: a) vertically mounting a plurality of
porous hollow fiber membranes having fixed lower ends fixed in a
head piece and freely moveable sealed upper ends adapted to prevent
accumulation of deposits along the external surfaces and upper
regions of the of the membranes, the plurality of membranes
supported within a support structure; b) submerging the porous
hollow fiber membranes in the head piece into the feed liquid in
the open basin with the porous hollow fiber membranes oriented
substantially vertically such that the sealed, freely movable upper
ends are free to float within the feed liquid; c) applying a
pressure less than the feed liquid pressure to the permeate
collecting chamber to cause permeate to pass through the pores of
the hollow fiber membranes in to the permeate collecting chamber;
and d) aerating the plurality of porous hollow fiber membranes by
providing pressurized gas from underneath the hollow fiber
membranes to form bubbles that flow through a bundle of hollow
fiber membranes from the inside to the outside of the bundle of
membranes and partially flow away in the lengthwise direction, to
contact external surfaces of the hollow fiber membranes over the
entire length of the membranes and remove fouling materials from
the hollow fiber membranes independent of the flow velocity of the
feed liquid, and to cause the hollow fiber membranes to sway.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pressurized gas is provided
constantly.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the pressurized gas is provided
intermittently.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of providing a
liquid to internal surfaces of the hollow fiber membranes to
backwash the hollow fiber membranes.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the liquid is permeate.
6. A module for a membrane filter to treat untreated water
contained in a tank or basin at an ambient pressure comprising: a)
a plurality of head pieces arranged adjacent to one another,
wherein the headpieces are block-shaped elements having a plurality
of vertical fiber bundles that are a dense packing of capillary
membranes having fixed lower ends and sealed, freely movable upper
ends adapted to float within the untreated water within the tank or
basis and thus prevent accumulation of deposits along external
surfaces and upper regions of the of the membranes; b) a plurality
of gasification devices arranged to introduce air into the fiber
bundles to provide bubbles that flow through the bundle of
capillary membranes from the inside to the outside of the bundle of
membranes and partially flow away in the lengthwise direction, move
upwardly, and contact the capillary membranes over the external
surfaces and upper regions of the membranes to remove fouling
materials from the capillary membranes independent of the flow
velocity of the untreated water; c) a basket configured to support
the capillary membranes; and d) connecting devices for attachment
to a frame which can be lowered into a tank or basin containing
untreated water.
7. The module of claim 6 further comprising a frame for immersing
the plurality of head pieces into the tank or basin.
8. The module of claim 6 wherein the capillary membranes are packed
relative to one another so as to produce a rubbing effect between
the membranes when moved.
9. The module of claim 6 wherein the bubbles are provided
constantly.
10. The module of claim 6 wherein the bubbles are provided
intermittently.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application No.
Ser. 12/761,896, filed Apr. 16, 2010, which is a continuation of
U.S. application Ser. No. 12/354,917, filed Jan. 16, 2009, now
abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.
11/611,294, filed Dec. 15, 2006, now abandoned, which is a
continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/419,054, filed May 18,
2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,160,454, which is a continuation of U.S.
application Ser. No. 10/380,568, filed Aug. 1, 2003, now abandoned,
which is a national stage entry of PCT/EP2001/009788, filed Aug.
24, 2001, which claims priority to German Application No.
10045227.2, filed Sep. 13, 2000, all of which are incorporated
herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] A membrane filter having capillary membranes of the membrane
filter that can be used in immersion operation that are clamped
between two head pieces at their ends is known from WO 98/28066. A
gasification device is connected at the one head piece, which is
the lower one in operation. The other, upper end contains the
permeate collecting chamber. It forms a displacement body, which
has the effect of displacing the rising air bubbles towards the
outside of the membrane fiber bundle. Effective gasification is no
longer guaranteed in the upper region of the fiber bundle. Here, no
membrane movements are possible either, or only slight membrane
movements are possible. As a consequence, the formation of membrane
cover layers and of gross dirt deposits occurs in the upper region
of the fiber bundle.
[0003] In a membrane filter known from DE 198 11 945 A1, the fiber
bundle of capillary membranes is set into a pressure-resistant
mantle pipe, through which the flow passes in the lengthwise
direction of the capillary membranes. The capillary membranes are
secured into an in-flow base at their ends, which base has a
plurality of bores uniformly distributed over its cross-section, to
allow the untreated water to flow through. In order to prevent
cover layers from forming on the outside of the capillary
membranes, and to prevent the micropores of the capillary membranes
from becoming blocked, a uniform flow through the membrane filter
chamber, at a defined flow velocity, is required. In order to
improve the material exchange, the untreated water can be gasified
with air before it enters into the membrane filter chamber.
Sufficient air distribution within the fiber bundle is not
guaranteed. The air is essentially guided along the outside of the
membrane bundle, with the untreated water flow, and does not make
any effective contribution to the membrane purification effect.
SUMMARY
[0004] The invention relates to a membrane filter for water
treatment, comprising a head piece including a permeate collecting
chamber with a permeate outlet, at least one fiber bundle made from
capillary membranes, which are secured into the head piece with an
end that is open towards the permeate collecting chamber and
individually sealed on the opposite end thereof, and a gasification
device with a mouth piece that has at least one outlet for air and
extends essentially parallel to the capillary membranes, within the
fiber bundle, whereby the capillary membranes of the fiber bundle
that are surrounded by the untreated water to be treated are
attached, in a dense packing, to a connecting surface of the head
piece, and clarified liquid can be withdrawn in the capillary
membranes, to the permeate collecting chamber. The capillary
membranes possess a diameter of less than 5 mm and preferably have
the permeability of microfiltration membranes or ultrafiltration
membranes. However, the use of capillary membranes for reverse
osmosis or nanofiltration is not supposed to be precluded.
Capillary membranes in a diameter range between 0.5 and 3 mm are
preferred. The driving force for the membrane filtration is a
pressure difference that can be implemented on the permeate by
means of a pressure reduction. A pressure reduction on the permeate
side is a particular possibility if the membrane filter is supposed
to be used in immersion operation and is suspended in a basin that
contains the untreated water, e.g. the activated sludge basin of a
sewage treatment plant.
[0005] The invention is based on the task of indicating a membrane
filter for water treatment in which effective gasification over the
entire length of the fiber bundle is guaranteed, and an effective
transport to remove membrane deposits that come loose from the
membrane surfaces is assured.
[0006] This task is accomplished, according to the invention, in
that the head piece contains an air duct to which the mouth piece
that protrudes into the fiber bundle is connected, and that the
fibers of the bundle terminate, at their other ends, without being
clamped in place, in freely movable manner in the untreated water.
The air that exits from the mouth piece flows through the fiber
bundle from the inside to the outside, and partially flows away in
the lengthwise direction of the capillary membranes. The air feed
is preferably supplied intermittently, with the goal of cleaning
off cover layers that have formed on the membrane surface during
membrane filtration. The air introduction into the fiber bundle,
according to the invention, allows surprisingly effective cleaning,
independent of the flow velocity of the untreated water. In this
regard, the membrane filter according to the invention can also be
used in immersion operation.
[0007] The mouth piece possesses a pipe-shaped section, for
example, with bores on the circumference, or is structured as a
ring gap nozzle, from which the air exits radially or at least with
a radial movement component. The air can be introduced into the
fiber bundle in targeted manner by means of sizing the length of
the mouth piece and by the arrangement of the exit bores or exit
nozzles. It also proves to be advantageous if the mouth piece has a
kick-back valve that closes if the pressure of the air feed
drops.
[0008] The fiber bundle is attached to a connecting surface of the
head piece, in a dense packing; in case of immersion operation of
the membrane filter, this connecting surface is not penetrated by
flow channels for the untreated water. The capillary membranes,
which are sealed at their free ends, move in the untreated water to
be filtered, since they are only clamped in place at one end. To
limit the lateral movements of the fiber bundle, a basket can be
set onto the head piece around the fiber bundle. The basket can be
made of rods or, for example, can consist of a pipe that has been
provided with openings on its circumference. The head piece can
furthermore have connecting devices for attachment to a frame,
which can be lowered into a basin that contains the untreated
water. It lies within the scope of the invention to structure the
head piece in block shape, whereby the permeate run-off takes place
at a narrow side surface or at the bottom. Several of these units
can be arranged next to one another, in the form of a filter
package, whereby it is practical if the permeate outlets are
connected with one another by means of a collecting line.
[0009] If the membrane filter is used in immersion operation, no
devices are required for making the untreated water flow against
the capillary membranes. According to the invention, a fiber bundle
is provided that contains the capillary membranes in a very dense
packing, whereby the untreated water is guided past the fiber
bundle on the outside, and air is introduced within the fiber
bundle. Preferably the fiber bundle is arranged vertically in the
untreated water in all the embodiments, whereby the capillary
membranes are fixed in place on the head piece at their lower ends,
and their upper end can move in the liquid. The air bubbles rise to
the top essentially within the fiber bundle, and they are not
entrained, or only entrained to a slight extent, by the liquid on
the outside.
[0010] In the following, the invention will be explained in greater
detail, using drawings that merely represent an exemplary
embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate membrane filters for water
treatment, according to the invention, which can be used in
immersion operation, in lengthwise cross-section, in each
instance.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0012] The fundamental structure of the membrane filters according
to the invention as shown in the figures includes a head piece 1,
which has a permeate collecting chamber 2 with a permeate outlet 3,
and at least one fiber bundle 4 made up of capillary membranes 5,
which are sealed at one end and are secured into the head piece 1
at their other end, with an open end towards the permeate
collecting chamber 2. The capillary membranes 5 are preferably
ultrafiltration membranes or microfiltration membranes, the
diameter of which is less than 5 mm. Preferably, the capillary
membranes possess a diameter between 0.5 and 3 mm. The capillary
membranes 5 are surrounded by the untreated water 6 that is to be
treated. Filtration takes place on the basis of a trans-membrane
pressure difference, which can be generated by means of an excess
pressure on the untreated water side and/or by a reduced pressure
on the permeate side. The clarified liquid flows off through the
lumen of the capillary membranes towards the permeate collecting
chamber 2 connected to the open end of capillary membranes 5.
[0013] The capillary membranes 5 of the fiber bundle 4 are
attached, in a dense packing, to a connecting surface 7 of the head
piece, which surface is not penetrated by flow channels for the
untreated water. A gasification device 8, from which air exits, is
arranged within the fiber bundle 4. The air feed preferably takes
place intermittently, with the goal of cleaning off cover layers
that have formed on the membrane surface during membrane
filtration. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the gasification
device 8 has a protruding mouth piece 10 provided with at least one
air outlet, which mouth piece extends essentially parallel to the
capillary membranes 5 within the fiber bundle 4, and is connected
to an air duct 16 that is arranged in the head piece 1. The mouth
piece 10 has a pipe-shaped section with bores 11 on the
circumference, but can also be structured as a ring gap nozzle, for
example, from which the air exits with a radial alignment. The
capillary membranes 5 secured into the head piece 1 at one end are
freely movable at their other, sealed end, and perform more or less
marked lateral movements under the effect of the turbulence that
prevails in the untreated water and/or the flows that occur in the
untreated water. To limit the lateral movements, a basket 12 is
used, which is formed from rods and rings in the exemplary
embodiment. A pipe that can be provided with perforations can also
be used as the basket 12.
[0014] In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, it is indicated that
the head piece 1 can be structured as a block-shaped element. In
the lengthwise direction of the head piece 1, a plurality of
gasification devices 8 is arranged, in order to introduce air into
the fiber bundle 4. The fiber bundle 4 consists of a dense packing
of capillary membranes 5. The head piece 1 is suitable for
immersion operation and can have connecting devices, not shown, for
attachment to a frame, which can be lowered into a basin containing
untreated water. The permeate outlet 3 is provided at the narrow
face. In this regard, it becomes clear that a plurality of the head
pieces 1 can be arranged parallel, next to one another.
* * * * *