U.S. patent application number 12/801656 was filed with the patent office on 2011-02-03 for liquid animal repellant containing oils of black paper and capsicum.
This patent application is currently assigned to WOODSTREAM CORPORATION. Invention is credited to David L. Anderson, Theodore L. Davidson.
Application Number | 20110027395 12/801656 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36034272 |
Filed Date | 2011-02-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110027395 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Anderson; David L. ; et
al. |
February 3, 2011 |
Liquid animal repellant containing oils of black paper and
capsicum
Abstract
The present invention provides a novel liquid animal repellant
composition which is environmentally safe, non-toxic, long-lasting
and efficacious against a wide of animals such as dogs, cats,
raccoons, skunks, mice, rats, squirrels, chipmunks, deer, etc.
Inventors: |
Anderson; David L.; (Lititz,
PA) ; Davidson; Theodore L.; (St. Basile,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
JACOBSON HOLMAN PLLC
400 SEVENTH STREET N.W., SUITE 600
WASHINGTON
DC
20004
US
|
Assignee: |
WOODSTREAM CORPORATION
|
Family ID: |
36034272 |
Appl. No.: |
12/801656 |
Filed: |
June 18, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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10938522 |
Sep 13, 2004 |
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12801656 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/734 ;
424/760 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y02A 50/30 20180101;
Y02A 50/351 20180101; A01N 65/38 20130101; A01N 65/22 20130101;
A01N 65/08 20130101; Y02A 50/348 20180101; Y02A 50/335 20180101;
A01N 65/00 20130101; A01N 65/00 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A01N
25/22 20130101; A01N 25/24 20130101; A01N 25/30 20130101; A01N
65/00 20130101; A01N 65/08 20130101; A01N 65/22 20130101; A01N
65/38 20130101; A01N 65/00 20130101; A01N 65/00 20130101; A01N
25/30 20130101; A01N 25/24 20130101; A01N 25/22 20130101; A01N
25/02 20130101; A01N 65/38 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A01N
25/22 20130101; A01N 25/24 20130101; A01N 25/30 20130101; A01N
65/22 20130101; A01N 65/22 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A01N
25/22 20130101; A01N 25/24 20130101; A01N 25/30 20130101; A01N
65/08 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A01N 25/22 20130101; A01N
25/24 20130101; A01N 25/30 20130101; A01N 65/22 20130101; A01N
65/38 20130101; A01N 65/00 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/734 ;
424/760 |
International
Class: |
A01N 65/38 20090101
A01N065/38; A01N 65/08 20090101 A01N065/08; A01P 17/00 20060101
A01P017/00 |
Claims
1. A sprayable liquid animal repellant composition comprising: a)
between about 0.05% and about 2% by weight of an essential oil
component selected from the group consisting of the essential oil
of black pepper, the essential oil of capsicum, and mixtures
thereof; b) between about 0.1% and about 10% by weight of an
oleoresin component selected from the group consisting of the
oleoresin of black pepper, the oleoresin of capsicum, and mixtures
thereof; c) an antioxidant in an amount sufficient to stabilize the
oleoresin component and the essential oil component, (d) an
effective amount of an emulsifier and an adhesive; and (e)
sufficient water so that the composition is sprayable, wherein the
sprayable liquid animal repellant is free of a binder.
2. A sprayable liquid animal repellant composition comprising: a)
between about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of an essential oil
selected from the group consisting of the essential oil of black
pepper, the essential oil of capsicum, and mixtures thereof; b)
between about 0.1% and about 10% by weight of an oleoresin selected
from the group consisting of the oleoresin of black pepper, the
oleoresin of capsicum, and mixtures thereof; c) between about 0.1%
and about 10% by weight of an antioxidant in an amount sufficient
to stabilize the oleoresin component and the essential oil
component; d) an effective amount of an emulsifier selected from
the group consisting of glycerol monostearate, a mixture of mono-
and di-esters of various fatty acids, a mixture of polyethylene
glycol esters of mono- and di-esters of various fatty acids, and
polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; and e) an effective amount a
polyvinyl adhesive; and f) sufficient water so that the composition
is sprayable; and wherein the sprayable liquid animal repellant is
free of a binder.
3. The sprayable liquid animal repellent composition of claim 1,
wherein said oleoresin component comprises between about 0.25% and
about 2.25% by weight.
4. The sprayable liquid animal repellent composition of claim 1,
wherein said oleoresin component comprises between about 1.0% and
about 1.5% by weight.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein said essential oil is present
in an amount of between about 0.1% and about 0.75% by weight.
6. The composition of claim 2 wherein said antioxidant is oleoresin
of rosemary being present in an amount of between 0.01% and 0.25%
by weight.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein said oleoresin of rosemary is
present in an amount of between 0.04% and 0.07% by weight.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein said oleoresin of capsicum
has a minimum of 500,000 scoville heat units.
9. The composition of claim 2 wherein said oleoresin of capsicum
has a minimum of 500,000 scoville heat units.
10. A sprayable, concentrated liquid animal repellant composition
consisting essentially of: 4% by weight of oil of black pepper, 4%
by weight of oleoresin of black pepper (40% piperine), 4.4% by
weight of oleoresin of capsicum, 0.4% by weight of oleoresin of
rosemary, 19% by weight of a water-soluble polyvinyl acetate
adhesive, 7% by weight of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, 7%
by weight of glycerol monostearate, and 54.2% by weight of
water.
11. A method for repelling animals, the method comprising the steps
of applying to an area to be protected an effective amount to repel
a desired animal of a liquid animal repellant composition of claim
1.
12. A method of manufacturing a liquid animal repellent composition
of claim 1 comprising the steps of: a) adding soybean oil, a
mixture of polyethylene glycol esters of mono- and di-esters of
various fatty acids, and lecithin together and mixing until the
composition is uniform; b) adding the remaining oils and oleoresins
to the mixture of step a) and continuing mixing until uniform; c)
combining the water and a mixture of xanthan gum and locust bean
gum separately and mixing until uniform; d) adding a polyvinyl
adhesive to the mixture of step c) and continuing mixing until
uniform; and e) combining the mixtures from steps b) and d) and
continuing mixing until uniform.
13. A method of manufacturing a liquid animal repellent composition
of claim 1 comprising the steps of: a) heating the oleoresin of
black pepper to about 80.degree. C. until it forms a liquid; b)
adding glycerol monostearate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan
monooleate to the mixture of step a) and mixing until uniform; c)
cooling the mixture to 50.degree. C. and adding the remaining oil,
and oleoresins to the mixture of step b) and continuing mixing
until uniform; d) combining separately, a polyvinyl adhesive with
the water component; and e) adding the mixture from step c) to the
mixture from step d) and continuing mixing until uniform.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to liquid repellant
compositions, a method of repelling animals and a method of
manufacture of a repellant composition.
[0003] 2. Description of Prior Art
[0004] Various types of repellant compositions are well known in
the art. The nature of the repellant composition will vary
depending upon the species of animal, bird or insect which it is
intended to repel. Many of the known repellants are based on man
made chemicals and for this reason, are not considered desirable
for ecological reasons. Many repellant compositions have also been
proposed which are environmentally friendly in that they utilize
naturally occurring ingredients. Among such repellants are those
shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,455,304 which teaches the use of a
composition for repelling birds. This bird repelling composition
includes a finely divided garlic constituent and a finely divided
cayenne pepper constituent. The patentee notes that neither black
pepper nor white pepper is suitable for use. Similarly, U.S. Pat.
No. 4,820,517 shows pepper extract has been also used as an
insecticide.
[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 4,795,637 teaches the use of a rodent
repellant powder which uses a thujone oil with a powder which can
be selected from a number of different products including tobacco
dust, pepper powder, sulphur powder, etc. The thujone oil is
derived from the cedar tree and is a natural repellant.
[0006] More recently, U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,474 has shown that a
composition providing a finely divided powder having essential oils
of black pepper, capsicum and an oleoresin can be an effective
repellant against a wide of animals such as dogs, cats, raccoons,
skunks, mice, rats, squirrels, chipmunks, deer, etc. The disclosure
in U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,474 is hereby incorporated by reference into
this specification as if fully set forth in its entirety.
[0007] However, the dry repellent formula of U.S. Pat. No.
6,159,474 is limited in its application because it can not be used
on vertical or ceiling surfaces, applied in difficult to reach
locations, or utilized on surfaces where the granules can be
hazardous, such as sidewalks, patios, paths, and other
walkways.
[0008] Until the present invention, a liquid formulation of the
composition of essential oils of black pepper, capsicum and an
oleoresin was not successful. There were two major problems with
making a liquid formulation. First was solubility. The essential
oils and oleoresin do not ordinarily mix well in an aqueous
solution. The inventors of the present invention succeeded in
identifying appropriate emulsifiers and suspension agents that
would solubilize the active ingredients and also be non-toxic and
environmentally friendly.
[0009] Furthermore, the inventors also succeeded in creating a
liquid repellant comprising the above essential oils and oleoresins
together with one or more adhesive composition which surprisingly
increased the longevity of the liquid formulation and made the
invention useful in areas where the prior art dry only repellant
was not effective.
[0010] Until now there has not been an adequate animal repellant
formulation containing essential oils and oleoresins that was
capable of being applied as a liquid and was also environmentally
safe and non-toxic.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid
repellant which utilizes naturally occurring ingredients and has
long-lasting effectiveness.
[0012] It is a further object of the present invention according to
the preceding object and in which the naturally occurring
ingredients are readily available.
[0013] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
liquid repellant using naturally occurring ingredients and which
repellant is effective against animals and which repellant has
minimal toxicity.
[0014] It is a still further object of the present invention to
provide a method for naturally repelling both domestic and other
animals having an olfactory capability.
[0015] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
method of manufacture of a repellant having relatively non-toxic
ingredients which can be readily carried out at a reasonable
cost.
[0016] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide
a liquid repellant which is long lasting, environmentally friendly
and can be applied to surfaces not readily susceptible to treatment
by the prior art dry only repellent.
[0017] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a liquid repellant composition comprising between about
0.05% and about 2% by weight of an essential oil component selected
from the group consisting of the essential oils of black pepper and
the essential oil of capsicum, between about 0.1% and about 10% by
weight of an oleoresin component selected from the group consisting
of the oleoresins of black pepper and capsicum, an antioxidant in
an amount sufficient to stabilize the oleoresin and essential oil,
an effective amount of an emulsifier, a thickening agent, an
adhesive, and the remainder water.
[0018] In an alternate embodiment, the present invention provides a
liquid repellant composition comprising between about 0.05% to
about 2% by weight of an essential oil selected from the group
consisting of the essential oils of black pepper and capsicum,
between about 0.1% and about 10% by weight of an oleoresin
component selected from the group consisting of the oleoresins of
black pepper and capsicum and between about 0.1% and about 10% by
weight of an oleoresin of rosemary as an antioxidant in an amount
sufficient to stabilize the oleoresin and essential oil, an
effective amount of an emulsifier selected from the group
consisting of glycerol monostearate, Mapeg.RTM., polysorbate 80 and
Atmos.RTM. 300, Kelgum.RTM. as a thickening agent, a polyvinyl
acetate adhesive, and the remainder water.
[0019] It has been surprisingly found that a liquid repellant
composition of the type described which incorporates an appropriate
adhesive or other composition providing adhesive properties not
only retains the liquid repellant composition effectively on
contacted surfaces but also extends residual repellant power over
extended periods of time. Adhesives known or believed to be
effective for the present invention include polyvinyl acetate
adhesives, glues such as Elmer's.RTM. glue and Titebond II.RTM.,
and latex polymer adhesives. Other compositions include latex paint
and the like. Water-soluble polyvinyl acetate adhesives are
preferred for the present invention.
[0020] These and other objects of the present invention, as well as
many of the attendant advantages thereof, will become more readily
apparent when reference is made to the following detailed
description of the preferred embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0021] In describing a preferred embodiment of the invention
specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity.
However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the
specific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that each
specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a
similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.
[0022] In its broadest aspects, the liquid repellant of the present
invention is adapted to be used for a wide variety of animal
species. As such, for the animal species, it can be utilized for
both domestic and wild animals which have an olfactory capability,
including such animals as dogs, cats, deer, skunks, raccoons,
groundhogs, gophers, etc. Use of the repellant has also been found
to be effective against some species of birds, including, for
example, pigeons, geese, etc.
[0023] The composition utilizes, in combination, two different
active ingredients; an oleoresin selected from the group consisting
of black pepper and capsicum, and an essential oil of either black
pepper or capsicum. Black pepper is classified as the genus Piper,
species Piper Nigrum, and is the product of a shrub grown in a hot
climate. The plant bears a small berry which is picked before it
ripens and then dried.
[0024] The chemical compound which is responsible for the black
pepper flavor is piperine. Piperine is soluble in alcohol,
chloroform, ether, benzene and water. Piperine is not very reactive
unless in a solution.
[0025] The present invention may use two components of the black
pepper, both of which are commercially available. Thus, the present
invention may utilize, as two of the chemically active ingredients,
an oleoresin selected from the group consisting of black pepper and
capsicum, and also an essential oil of either black pepper or
capsicum.
[0026] In discovery of the formulation of the present invention,
two problems in the art had to be overcome. The first problem to be
overcome was the solubility of the essential oils and oleoresins in
water. Since these materials do not mix easily, appropriate
emulsifiers and suspending agents needed to be identified. This was
particularly difficult with concentrate formulations where the
essential oil and oleoresin contents are high. The second problem
was trying to increase the effectiveness and longevity of the
product. The prior art dry product used lard to keep the oils from
volatilizing. Lard will not work in a liquid formulation.
[0027] The amount of the essential oil and oleoresin components may
be varied and it is well within the skill of one knowledgeable in
the art to so do. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the
oleoresin will be present in an amount of between about 0.1 to
about 10% by weight of the composition and preferably between about
0.25% and about 2.25% in even more preferred embodiments, would be
present in a range of between about 1.0% and about 1.5% by weight.
The oleoresin preferably has at least about 500,000 scoville heat
units and more preferably in excess of about 1,000,000 scoville
heat units. The essential oil is preferably present in a weight
percentage of between about 0.05 and about 2% or preferably between
about 0.1% and about 0.75% and even more preferably, between about
0.4% and about 0.6% by weight.
[0028] Preferred embodiments of the invention include the use of
other components in the composition. Thus, in one preferred
embodiment, one may add the oleoresin of rosemary. Rosemary is an
evergreen shrub of the mint family Labiatae and is classified as
genus Rosmarinus species Rosmarinus Officinalis. The plant is
widely used as an herb and is also used in perfumes. The use of the
oleoresin of rosemary is desirable for providing a longer lasting
effect to the repellant composition. In this respect, the oleoresin
of rosemary functions as an antioxidant to stabilize the oleoresins
and essential oils. For example, the oleoresin of black pepper will
normally oxidize within 2 weeks if it is not stabilized.
[0029] The percentage of the oleoresin of rosemary should be used
in an amount sufficient to perform its function as an antioxidant
while too large an amount of rosemary will tend to neutralize the
active repellant components. In general, the oleoresin of rosemary
would be present in an amount of between about 0.01% and about
0.25% by weight and most preferably is present in an amount of
between about 0.04% and about 0.07% by weight.
[0030] Without being limited to any particular theory, the
composition of the present invention appears to act on the sinuses
of the animal. In particular, it is believed that the essential
oils provide an olfactory deterrent. Should the animal then attempt
to taste the material, the oleoresins of capsicum and black pepper
will reinforce the linkage between the smell and the undesirability
of the same.
[0031] To assist in solubilizing the essential oils, the present
invention provides soybean oil in a range of about 2% to about 7%
by weight. Other oils may be substituted for soybean oil, such as
corn oil, mineral oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, fish oil,
cottonseed oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, olive oil,
safflower oil or other similar oils.
[0032] Glycerol monostearate, Mapeg.RTM., polysorbate 80, and
Atmos.RTM. 300 are emulsifiers. Mapeg.RTM. is a mixture of
polyethylene glycol esters of mono- and di-esters of various fatty
acids. Atmos.RTM. 300 is also a mixture of mono- and di-esters of
various fatty acids. Polysorbate 80 is otherwise known as
polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. Emulsifiers offer graduated
hydrophilic to lipophilic surface active properties which make them
useful as primary and secondary emulsifiers with stability over a
wide range of formulating conditions. Lecithin may also be used as
a natural emulsifier. It will be recognized by those skilled in the
art that compositions such as polysorbate 80 or Mapeg.RTM. can be
substituted by other similar formulations of esters of fatty
acids.
[0033] Thickening agents provide bulk by gelling or thickening the
solution. Kelgum.RTM. is a mixture of xanthan gum and locust bean
gum which is often used in thickening food products such as
processed cheeses, cottage cheese, dressings, aspics and pates.
[0034] Adhesives are used in the various embodiments of the present
invention to help bind the formulation onto the surfaces it is
sprayed on. This helps the formulation adhere to the sprayed
surfaces and last longer in repelling animals in a specific area.
Many different types of adhesives or glues can be used in the
present invention. For example, glues such as Elmer's.RTM. Glue and
Titebond II.RTM. can be used in a range of about 1% to about 20% by
weight and preferably between about 8% and about 10% by weight for
a ready-to-use product. Water-soluble polyvinyl acetate adhesives
are the preferred adhesives, also in a range of about 1% to about
20% by weight in the ready-to-use product, preferably between about
8% and about 10% by weight, and most preferably about 9% by
weight.
[0035] The method of manufacturing the repellent can be
accomplished as follows:
A. Premix 1
[0036] 1) Heat oleoresin of black pepper to 80.degree. C. until it
forms a liquid; [0037] 2) Add emulsifiers such as glycerol
monostearate and polysorbate 80; [0038] 3) Cool to 50.degree. C.
and then add remaining oil, oleoresins and thickening agents (if
necessary);
B) Premix 2
[0038] [0039] 1) Add water; [0040] 2) Add water-soluble polyvinyl
acetate adhesive; and
C) Combine Premix 1 and Premix 2.
[0041] The compositions of the present invention may be dispensed
in a conventional manner, and preferably from a standard pump-spray
container. The composition is first shaken in applicator and then
sprayed on the target. Alternatively, the aqueous repellant
composition may be packaged in a pressurized container such as a
conventional aerosol can or the like, utilizing an expandable gas,
such as carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) as a propellant in a well known
manner. For optimum effectiveness, the repellant composition of
this invention is sprayed directly on targeted area to the point of
runoff, and allowed to dry. A second coat of repellant can be
added.
[0042] The following examples will provide illustrations of the use
of the invention.
Example 1
Ready to Use Animal Repellant was Formulated in the Following
Percentages by Weight
TABLE-US-00001 [0043] Oil of black pepper 0.5 Oleoresin of black
pepper (40% piperine) 0.5 Oleoresin of capsicum 0.55 Oleoresin of
rosemary 0.05 polyvinyl acetate adhesive 9.0 Kelgum .RTM. 0.07
Mapeg .RTM. 0.5 Lecithin 3.0 Acetic acid 0.6 Soybean oil 5.0 Water
80.23
[0044] The composition of Example 1 was manufactured as
follows:
A. Premix 1
[0045] 1) Soybean oil, Mapeg.RTM., and lecithin are added together
and mixed until the composition is uniform; [0046] 2) The remaining
oils and oleoresins and are then added to the composition and
mixing is continued until uniform.
B. Premix 2
[0046] [0047] 1) The water and Kelgum.RTM. were combined and mixed
until uniform; [0048] 2) Water-soluble polyvinyl acetate adhesive
is then added and the composition is again mixed until uniform. C.
Premix 1 and Premix 2 were then combined and mixing continued until
uniform.
Example 2
Ready to Use Animal Repellant was Formulated in the Following
Percentages by Weight
TABLE-US-00002 [0049] Oil of Black Pepper 0.5 Oleoresin of Black
Pepper (40% piperine) 0.5 Oleoresin of Capsicum 0.55 Oleoresin of
Rosemary 0.05 Polyvinyl acetate adhesive 9.0 Polysorbate 80 3.2
Glycerol monostearate 4.8 Water 81.4
[0050] The composition of Example 2 was manufactured as
follows:
A. Premix 1
[0051] 1) The oleoresin of black pepper was heated to 80.degree. C.
until it formed a liquid; [0052] 2) The glycerol monostearate and
polysorbate 80 were then added and mixed until uniform; [0053] 3)
The composition is then cooled to 50.degree. C. and then the
remaining oil, and oleoresins were added and mixed until
uniform.
B. Premix 2
[0053] [0054] 1) Water-soluble polyvinyl acetate adhesive is
combined with the water component.
C. Combine Premix 1 and Premix 2.
Example 3
Animal Repellant Concentrate was Formulated in the Following
Percentages by Weight
TABLE-US-00003 [0055] Oil of Black Pepper 4.0 Oleoresin of Black
Pepper (40% piperine) 4.0 Oleoresin of Capsicum 4.4 Oleoresin of
Rosemary 0.4 Polyvinyl acetate adhesive 19.0 Polysorbate 80 5.6
Glycerol monostearate 8.4 Water 54.2
[0056] The composition of Example 3 was manufactured as
follows:
A. Premix 1
[0057] 1) The oleoresin of black pepper was heated to 80.degree. C.
until it formed a liquid; [0058] 2) The glycerol monostearate and
polysorbate 80 were then added and mixed until uniform; [0059] 3)
The composition is cooled to 50.degree. C. and then the remaining
oil, and oleoresins were added and mixed until uniform.
B. Premix 2
[0059] [0060] 1) Water-soluble polyvinyl acetate adhesive is
combined with the water component. [0061] C. Combine Premix 1 and
Premix 2.
[0062] Having described the invention, many modifications thereto
will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which it
pertains without deviation from the spirit of the invention as
defined by the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *