U.S. patent application number 12/674043 was filed with the patent office on 2011-02-03 for exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine.
This patent application is currently assigned to TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA. Invention is credited to Takamitsu Asanuma, Daichi Imai, Hiromasa Nishioka, Kazuhiro Umemoto.
Application Number | 20110023465 12/674043 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43125900 |
Filed Date | 2011-02-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110023465 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Asanuma; Takamitsu ; et
al. |
February 3, 2011 |
EXHAUST PURIFICATION SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Abstract
An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
comprising an NO.sub.X holding material arranged in an engine
exhaust passage, having a catalyst metal containing silver, holding
NO.sub.X contained in the exhaust gas in the form of silver nitrate
by the catalyst metal when an air-fuel ratio of inflowing exhaust
gas is lean, and releasing the held NO.sub.X if the air-fuel ratio
of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes a stoichiometric air-fuel
ratio or rich. The NO.sub.X holding material has a scatter
temperature at which catalyst metal scatters in the form of silver
nitrate if the temperature rises. When it is time to perform
control raising the temperature of the NO holding material to the
scatter temperature or above, the NO.sub.X held in the NO.sub.X
holding material is released by making the air-fuel ratio of the
exhaust gas flowing into the NO holding material the stoichiometric
air-fuel ratio or rich.
Inventors: |
Asanuma; Takamitsu;
(Mishima-shi, JP) ; Nishioka; Hiromasa;
(Susono-shi, JP) ; Imai; Daichi; (Susono-shi,
JP) ; Umemoto; Kazuhiro; (Susono-shi, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OLIFF & BERRIDGE, PLC
P.O. BOX 320850
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22320-4850
US
|
Assignee: |
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI
KAISHA
TOYOTA-SHI, AICHI
JP
|
Family ID: |
43125900 |
Appl. No.: |
12/674043 |
Filed: |
May 19, 2009 |
PCT Filed: |
May 19, 2009 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2009/059480 |
371 Date: |
February 18, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
60/286 ;
60/301 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01D 2258/012 20130101;
F01N 2370/02 20130101; F02D 41/025 20130101; Y02T 10/12 20130101;
F01N 3/208 20130101; F01N 2900/14 20130101; B01D 53/9422 20130101;
F02D 41/029 20130101; F01N 3/0814 20130101; F01N 2900/1621
20130101; F01N 3/0885 20130101; F01N 13/009 20140601; F02D 41/028
20130101; B01D 53/9481 20130101; F01N 3/035 20130101; F02D 41/0275
20130101; B01D 2258/014 20130101; B01D 53/9418 20130101; F01N
3/0842 20130101; F01N 2610/02 20130101; Y02T 10/26 20130101; Y02T
10/24 20130101; B01D 2255/104 20130101; F01N 3/0871 20130101; F01N
2550/03 20130101; F01N 3/023 20130101; F01N 3/2066 20130101; F01N
2510/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
60/286 ;
60/301 |
International
Class: |
F01N 9/00 20060101
F01N009/00; F01N 3/10 20060101 F01N003/10 |
Claims
1. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
comprising an NO.sub.X holding material arranged in an engine
exhaust passage, having a catalyst metal containing silver, holding
NO.sub.X contained in the exhaust gas in the form of silver nitrate
at the catalyst metal when an air-fuel ratio of inflowing exhaust
gas is lean, and releasing the held NO.sub.X if the air-fuel ratio
of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes a stoichiometric air-fuel
ratio or rich, wherein said NO.sub.X holding material has a scatter
temperature at which catalyst metal scatters in the form of silver
nitrate if the temperature rises, when it is time to perform
control to raise the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material
to the scatter temperature or above, the system makes the air-fuel
ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material
a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich to thereby make the
NO.sub.X holding material release the held NO.sub.X.
2. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
as set forth in claim 1, further comprising an NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst arranged in the engine exhaust passage
downstream of the NO.sub.X holding material, including a catalyst
metal and an NO.sub.X absorbent holding NO.sub.X, holding the
NO.sub.X contained in the exhaust gas at the NO.sub.X absorbent
when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is lean, and
releasing the held NO.sub.X when the air-fuel ratio of the
inflowing exhaust gas becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or
rich, wherein the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst holds
SO.sub.X besides NO.sub.X, and, when it is time to perform sulfur
poisoning recovery control raising the temperature of the NO.sub.X
storage reduction catalyst to an SO.sub.X releasable temperature
and making the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the
NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst the stoichiometric air-fuel
ratio or rich so as to release the SO.sub.X, the NO.sub.X holding
material is made to release the held NO.sub.X.
3. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a particulate filter
arranged in the engine exhaust passage and trapping particulate
matter contained in the exhaust gas, wherein when it is time to
perform regeneration control raising the temperature of the
particulate filter to the temperature where the trapped particulate
matter burns, the NO.sub.X holding material is made to release the
held NO.sub.X.
4. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
as set forth in claim 1, performing control estimating the amount
of catalyst metal remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material when
catalyst metal scatters from the NO.sub.X holding material, and
reducing the NO.sub.X amount exhausted to the engine exhaust
passage from the engine body in accordance with the drop in the
amount of remaining catalyst metal.
5. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
as set forth in claim 1, performing control making the air-fuel
ratio of exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material the
stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich so as to release NO.sub.X
when a held amount of NO.sub.X of the NO.sub.X holding material
exceeds a predetermined held amount judgment value, estimating the
amount of catalyst metal remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material
when the catalyst metal scatters from the NO.sub.X holding
material, and decreasing the held amount judgment value in
accordance with the drop in the amount of remaining catalyst
metal.
6. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
as set forth in claim 1, further comprising an NO.sub.X selective
reducing catalyst arranged in the engine exhaust passage downstream
of the NO.sub.X holding material and selectively reducing NO.sub.X
by feeding a reducing agent, estimating the amount of catalyst
metal remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material when catalyst
metal scatters from the NO.sub.X holding material, and increasing
the feed amount of reducing agent to the NO.sub.X selective
reducing catalyst in accordance with the drop in the amount of
remaining catalyst metal.
7. An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
as set forth in claim 1, estimating the amount of catalyst metal
remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material when catalyst metal
scatters from the NO.sub.X holding material, and estimating the
NO.sub.X amount flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding material
based on the remaining amount of catalyst metal.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to an exhaust purification
system of an internal combustion engine.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] The exhaust gas in a diesel engine, gasoline engine, or
other internal combustion engines contains ingredients such as
carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt fuel (HC), nitrogen oxides
(NO.sub.X), and particulate matter (PM). An internal combustion
engine is provided with an exhaust purification system for
purifying these ingredients.
[0003] As a method of removing nitrogen oxides, it is known to
arrange in an engine exhaust passage an NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst that stores NO.sub.X temporarily and reduces the NO.sub.X
when releasing it. The NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst stores
NO.sub.X when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean. When
the NO.sub.X stored amount has reached an allowable amount, making
the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas rich or stoichiometric will
cause the stored NO.sub.X to be released. The released NO.sub.X is
reduced to N.sub.2 by carbon monoxide or another reducing agent
contained in the exhaust gas. The NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst has an NO.sub.X absorbent for storing NO.sub.X. The
NO.sub.X absorbent contains an alkali metal, alkali earth metal,
etc., but these alkali metal and alkali earth metal are known to
scatter.
[0004] Japanese Patent Publication (A) No. 2003-83052 discloses an
exhaust purification system provided with a storage catalyst to
which at least one metal selected from a group comprising alkali
metals and alkali earth metals is added as an absorbent and with a
three-way catalyst arranged at a downstream side of the storage
catalyst and to which an acidic substance having an alkali trapping
function is added. It is disclosed that the system is able to
prevent the alkali metal and the like from scattering and flowing
into the three-way catalyst and the three-way catalyst from falling
in performance.
[0005] Japanese Patent Publication (A) No. 2007-247589 discloses a
catalyst diagnosis system provided with a storing material arranged
in the exhaust passage of an engine and storing or releasing toxic
ingredients in the exhaust, a scattering detecting means for
detecting a scattered amount of potassium etc. contained in the
storing material, and a diagnosing means for diagnosing a
deteriorated state based on the scattered amount detected by the
scattering detecting means. It is disclosed that this catalyst
diagnosis system is capable of diagnosing an upper limit value of
storage ability.
[0006] Japanese Patent Publication (A) No. 2002-21538 discloses an
exhaust purification catalyst system adding potassium to an
NO.sub.X catalyst as an NO.sub.X absorbent, providing a three-way
catalyst at a downstream side of the NO.sub.X catalyst, and
providing a phosphorus-carrying alkali metal trapping means between
the NO.sub.X catalyst and the three-way catalyst. It is disclosed
that this catalyst system is able to prevent potassium from
reaching the three-way catalyst at the downstream side by reacting
the potassium vaporizing and scattering from the NO.sub.X catalyst
with phosphorus to trap it at an alkali metal trapping means.
CITATION LIST
[0007] Patent Literature [0008] PLT 1: Japanese Patent Publication
(A) No. 2003-83052 [0009] PLT 2: Japanese Patent Publication (A)
No. 2007-247589 [0010] PLT 3: Japanese Patent Publication (A) No.
2002-21538
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0011] An NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst can store NO.sub.X
using an absorbent containing an alkali metal etc. On the other
hand, a catalyst metal can be made to hold NO.sub.X. For example,
to purify the NO.sub.X contained in the exhaust gas, if forming the
catalyst metal by silver, the catalyst metal can hold the NO.sub.X.
With this exhaust treatment device, it is possible to have the
inflowing NO.sub.X held at the catalyst metal in the state of
silver nitrate.
[0012] In this regard, the inventors discovered that if arranging
an exhaust treatment device including a catalyst metal containing
silver in exhaust gas of a predetermined temperature or higher, the
NO.sub.X purification ability will fall. Particularly, they
discovered that if repeatedly arranging it in exhaust gas of a
predetermined temperature or higher, the NO.sub.X purification
ability will drop.
[0013] For example, when an exhaust purification system is provided
with a particulate filter and regenerating the particulate filter,
the exhaust gas becomes a high temperature. Due to the exhaust gas
becoming a high temperature, the other exhaust treatment devices
arranged in the engine exhaust passage will also become a high
temperature. If such an exhaust purification system is provided
with an exhaust treatment device including a catalyst metal
containing silver, the NO.sub.X purification ability will drop.
Solution to Problem
[0014] The present invention has as its object to provide an
exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine
provided with an NO.sub.X holding material including a catalyst
metal containing silver and suppressing a drop in the NO.sub.X
purification ability.
[0015] An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion
engine according to the present invention comprising an NO.sub.X
holding material arranged in an engine exhaust passage, having a
catalyst metal containing silver, holding NO.sub.X contained in the
exhaust gas in the form of silver nitrate at the catalyst metal
when an air-fuel ratio of inflowing exhaust gas is lean, and
releasing the held NO.sub.X if the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing
exhaust gas becomes a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich. The
NO.sub.X holding material has a scatter temperature at which
catalyst metal scatters in the form of silver nitrate if the
temperature rises. When it is time to perform control to raise the
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material to the scatter
temperature or above, the system makes the air-fuel ratio of the
exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material a
stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich to thereby make the NO.sub.X
holding material release the held NO.sub.X.
[0016] In the above-described invention, the exhaust purification
system may comprise an NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst arranged
in the engine exhaust passage downstream of the NO.sub.X holding
material, including a catalyst metal and an NO.sub.X absorbent
holding NO.sub.X, holding the NO.sub.X contained in the exhaust gas
at the NO.sub.X absorbent when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing
exhaust gas is lean, and releasing the held NO.sub.X when the
air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes the
stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich, the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst holds SO.sub.X besides NO.sub.X, and when it is
time to perform sulfur poisoning recovery control raising the
temperature of the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst to an
SO.sub.X releasable temperature and making the air-fuel ratio of
the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich so as to release
the SO.sub.X, the NO.sub.X holding material is made to release the
held NO.sub.X.
[0017] In the above-described invention, the exhaust purification
system may comprise a particulate filter arranged in the engine
exhaust passage and trapping particulate matter contained in the
exhaust gas, and when it is time to perform regeneration control
raising the temperature of the particulate filter to the
temperature where the trapped particulate matter burns, the
NO.sub.X holding material is made to release the held NO.sub.X.
[0018] In the above-described invention, the exhaust purification
system preferably performs control estimating the amount of
catalyst metal remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material when
catalyst metal scatters from the NO.sub.X holding material, and
reduces the NO.sub.X amount exhausted to the engine exhaust passage
from the engine body in accordance with the drop in the amount of
remaining catalyst metal.
[0019] In the above-described invention, the exhaust purification
system preferably performs control making the air-fuel ratio of
exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material the
stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich so as to release NO.sub.X
when a held amount of NO.sub.X of the NO.sub.X holding material
exceeds a predetermined held amount judgment value, estimates the
amount of catalyst metal remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material
when the catalyst metal scatters from the NO.sub.X holding
material, and decreases the held amount judgment value in
accordance with the drop in the amount of remaining catalyst
metal.
[0020] In the above-described invention, the exhaust purification
system preferably comprises an NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst
arranged in the engine exhaust passage downstream of the NO.sub.X
holding material and selectively reducing NO.sub.X by feeding a
reducing agent, estimates the amount of catalyst metal remaining at
the NO.sub.X holding material when catalyst metal scatters from the
NO.sub.X holding material, and increases the feed amount of
reducing agent to the NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst in
accordance with the drop in the amount of remaining catalyst
metal.
[0021] In the above-described invention, the exhaust purification
system preferably estimates the amount of catalyst metal remaining
at the NO.sub.X holding material when catalyst metal scatters from
the NO.sub.X holding material, and estimates the NO.sub.X amount
flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding material based on the
remaining amount of catalyst metal.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0022] According to the present invention, it is possible to
provide an exhaust purification system of an internal combustion
engine provided with an NO.sub.X holding material including a
catalyst metal containing silver and suppressing a drop in the
NO.sub.X purification ability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an internal combustion engine
of a first embodiment.
[0024] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of an
NO.sub.X holding material.
[0025] FIG. 3 is a time chart of a first NO.sub.X purge control in
the first embodiment.
[0026] FIG. 4 is a map for calculating an NO.sub.X amount exhausted
from an engine body.
[0027] FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a fuel injection pattern at
the time of normal operation.
[0028] FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of an injection pattern when
the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas exhausted from the engine
body becomes stoichiometric or rich or when raising the exhaust gas
temperature.
[0029] FIG. 7 is a time chart of operational control in the first
embodiment.
[0030] FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a second NO.sub.X purge control in
the first embodiment.
[0031] FIG. 9 is a time chart of a second NO.sub.X purge control in
the first embodiment.
[0032] FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of an alternate injection
pattern when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the first
embodiment becomes stoichiometric or rich.
[0033] FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an internal combustion engine
in a second embodiment.
[0034] FIG. 12 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the
NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst.
[0035] FIG. 13 is a flowchart of operational control in the second
embodiment.
[0036] FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship of a scattered
amount of the catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material and
an NO.sub.X holdable amount in a third embodiment.
[0037] FIG. 15 is a flowchart for estimating the amount of catalyst
metal of the NO.sub.X holding material.
[0038] FIG. 16 is a map for calculating the scattered amount of the
catalyst metal.
[0039] FIG. 17 is a flowchart of second operational control in the
third embodiment.
[0040] FIG. 18 is a map for calculating an NO.sub.X amount flowing
out from the NO.sub.X holding material in the second operational
control of the third embodiment.
[0041] FIG. 19 is a time chart of second operational control in the
third embodiment.
[0042] FIG. 20 is a schematic view of an internal combustion engine
performing third operational control in the third embodiment.
[0043] FIG. 21 is a flowchart of third operational control in the
third embodiment.
[0044] FIG. 22 is a flowchart of first operational control in a
fourth embodiment.
[0045] FIG. 23 is a graph showing the relationship of a bed
temperature of an NO.sub.X holding material and an NO.sub.X
holdable amount.
[0046] FIG. 24 is a graph showing the relationship of a
recirculation rate in the engine body and an NO.sub.X amount
exhausted from the engine body.
[0047] FIG. 25 is a time chart of first operational control in the
fourth embodiment.
[0048] FIG. 26 is a flowchart of second operational control in the
fourth embodiment.
[0049] FIG. 27 is a graph showing the relationship of an NO.sub.X
amount flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material and the NO.sub.X
purification rate.
[0050] FIG. 28 is a time chart of second operational control in the
fourth embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
First Embodiment
[0051] The exhaust purification system of an internal combustion
engine in a first embodiment will be explained with reference from
FIG. 1 to FIG. 10.
[0052] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an internal combustion engine
in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, a compression
ignition type diesel engine will be used as an example for the
explanation. The internal combustion engine in the present
embodiment is arranged in, among vehicles, an automobile.
[0053] The internal combustion engine is provided with an engine
body 1. Further, the internal combustion engine is provided with an
exhaust purification system. The engine body 1 includes combustion
chambers 2 as cylinders, electronic control type fuel injectors 3
for injecting fuel to the respective combustion chambers 2, an
intake manifold 4, and an exhaust manifold 5.
[0054] The intake manifold 4 is connected through an intake duct 6
to the outlet of a compressor 7a of an exhaust turbocharger 7. An
inlet of the compressor 7a is connected through an intake air
detector 8 to an air cleaner 9. A throttle valve 10 driven by a
step motor is arranged inside the intake duct 6. Further, a cooling
device 11 is arranged in the intake duct 6 for cooling the intake
air flowing inside the intake duct 6. In the example shown in FIG.
1, engine cooling water is guided to the cooling device 11. The
engine cooling water is used to cool the intake air.
[0055] On the other hand, the exhaust manifold 5 is connected to
the inlet of a turbine 7b of the exhaust turbocharger 7. The outlet
of the exhaust turbine 7b is connected to an exhaust treatment
device purifying the exhaust gas exhausted from the engine body
1.
[0056] The exhaust purification system in the present embodiment is
provided with a particulate filter 16. The particulate filter 16 is
an exhaust treatment device removing particulate matter contained
in the exhaust gas. The particulate filter 16 is connected through
an exhaust pipe 12 to the outlet of the turbine 7b. The exhaust
purification system in the present embodiment is provided with an
NO.sub.X holding material 13. The NO.sub.X holding material 13 is
an exhaust treatment device for purifying the NO.sub.X contained in
the exhaust gas. The NO.sub.X holding material 13 in the present
embodiment is arranged inside the engine exhaust passage downstream
of the particulate filter 16.
[0057] Between the exhaust manifold 5 and the intake manifold 4, an
exhaust gas recirculation (hereinafter referred to as an "EGR")
passage 18 is arranged for exhaust gas recirculation. An electronic
control type EGR control valve 19 is arranged in the EGR passage
18. Further, around the EGR passage 18 is arranged a cooling device
20 for cooling the EGR gas flowing through the inside of the EGR
passage 18. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the engine cooling
water is guided inside the cooling device 20. The engine cooling
water is used to cool the EGR gas.
[0058] The fuel injectors 3 are connected through fuel feed tubes
21 to a common rail 22. The common rail 22 is connected through an
electronic control type variable discharge fuel pump 23 to a fuel
tank 24. The fuel stored in the fuel tank 24 is supplied by the
fuel pump 23 to the inside of the common rail 19. The fuel supplied
to the inside of the common rail 22 is supplied through the fuel
feed tubes 21 to the fuel injectors 3.
[0059] An electronic control unit 30 is comprised of a digital
computer. The electronic control unit 30 in the present embodiment
functions as the control device of the exhaust purification system.
The electronic control unit 30 includes components connected with
each other by a bi-directional bus 31 such as a ROM (read only
memory) 32, RAM (random access memory) 33, CPU (microprocessor) 34,
input port 35, and output port 36.
[0060] The ROM 32 is a read-only storage device. The ROM 32 stores
in advance information such as maps necessary for control. The CPU
34 can make perform any calculation or judgment. The RAM 33 is a
read-write storage device. The RAM 33 can store operation history
and other information or temporarily store calculation results.
[0061] Downstream of the particulate filter 16, a temperature
sensor 26 is arranged as a temperature detection device for
detecting the temperature of the particulate filter 16. Downstream
of the NO.sub.X holding material 13, a temperature sensor 27 is
arranged as a temperature detection device for detecting the
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material 13. Upstream of the
NO.sub.X holding material 13, an air-fuel ratio sensor 28 is
arranged for detecting the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas
flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material 13. A pressure
difference sensor 29 is attached to the particulate filter 16 for
detecting the pressure difference before and after the particulate
filter 16. The output signals of these temperature sensors 26 and
27, air-fuel ratio sensor 28, and pressure difference sensor 29 are
input through the corresponding AD converter 37 to the input port
35.
[0062] The output signal of the intake air detector 8 is input
through a corresponding AD converter 37 to the input port 35. An
accelerator pedal 40 is connected to a load sensor 41 generating an
output voltage proportional to the depression amount of the
accelerator pedal 40. The output voltage of the load sensor 41 is
input through a corresponding AD converter 37 to the input port 35.
Further, a crank angle sensor 42 is connected to the input port 35,
generating an output pulse every time the crankshaft rotates by for
example 15.degree.. The output of the crank angle sensor 42 can be
used to detect the rotational frequency of the engine body.
[0063] On the other hand, the output port 36 has the fuel injectors
3, throttle valve 10 drive step motor, EGR control valve 19, and
fuel pump 23 connected to it through corresponding drive circuits
38.
[0064] The particulate filter 16 is a filter that removes carbon
fine particles, sulfates and other ionic fine particles and other
particulate matter (particulate) contained in the exhaust gas. The
particulate filter has, for example, a honeycomb structure and has
a plurality of flow passages extending in the direction of gas
flow. In the plurality of flow passages, flow passages with a
sealed downstream end and flow passages with a sealed upstream end
are alternatively formed. The partition walls of the flow passages
are formed from a porous material such as cordierite. When exhaust
gas passes through the partition wall, the particulate is
trapped.
[0065] FIG. 2 shows an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of
an NO.sub.X holding material. The NO.sub.X holding material 13 in
the present embodiment is comprised of a substrate on which a
catalyst carrier 48 comprised of for example alumina
(Al.sub.2O.sub.3) is formed. The catalyst carrier 48 may be made
using any material that can carry a catalyst metal 49. For example,
the catalyst carrier 48 may include cordierite. The catalyst
carrier 48 carries dispersed catalyst metal 49 on its surface. The
catalyst metal 49 of the NO.sub.X holding material 13 in the
present embodiment contains silver.
[0066] In the present invention, the ratio of air and fuel
(hydrocarbons) of exhaust gas fed to the engine intake passage,
combustion chamber, or engine exhaust passage is called the
air-fuel ratio (A/F) of the exhaust gas. Further, in the present
invention, "hold" is used in the sense including "adsorb" and
"store".
[0067] The NO.sub.X holding material 13 adsorbs the NO.sub.X
contained in the exhaust gas at the catalyst metal 49 when the
air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean. The NO.sub.X contained
in the exhaust gas is held in the form of silver nitrate at the
catalyst metal 49. Further, the NO.sub.X is held through oxygen at
the catalyst metal 49. As opposed to this, when the air-fuel ratio
of the exhaust gas is rich or stoichiometric, the NO.sub.X held at
the catalyst metal 49 is released. The released NO.sub.X is reduced
by the unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and the like
contained in the exhaust gas into N.sub.2.
[0068] The NO.sub.X holding material has a maximum amount of
NO.sub.X that it can hold, that is, a holdable amount. If the
NO.sub.X held amount reaches the holdable amount, it can no longer
hold NO.sub.X. That is, it can no longer remove the NO.sub.X
contained in the exhaust gas. In the present embodiment, when the
NO.sub.X amount held in the NO.sub.X holding material exceeds a
predetermined held amount judgment value, NO.sub.X purge control is
carried out for making the NO.sub.X holding material release the
NO.sub.X. The held amount judgment value in the present embodiment
is a value smaller than the NO.sub.X holdable amount of the
NO.sub.X holding material.
[0069] FIG. 3 shows a time chart of first NO.sub.X purge control in
the present embodiment. The internal combustion engine continues
normal operation until a time t.sub.1. The exhaust purification
system of the internal combustion engine in the present embodiment
is provided with a detection device detecting the NO.sub.X amount
held in the NO.sub.X holding material. The detection device in the
present embodiment includes the electronic control unit 30.
[0070] FIG. 4 shows a map of the NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the
engine body per unit time in the present embodiment. For example, a
map is created in advance for the NO.sub.X amount NOXA exhausted
per unit time as a function of the engine rotational frequency N
and injection amount TAQ of fuel injected into a combustion chamber
2. This map is stored in the ROM 32 of the electronic control unit
30 for example. In the present embodiment, the NO.sub.X amount
exhausted from the engine body 1 becomes equal to the NO.sub.X
amount flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material 13. This map may
be used to calculate the NO.sub.X amount flowing into the NO.sub.X
holding material 13 per unit time and held in the NO.sub.X holding
material in accordance with the operating state. By cumulatively
adding the NO.sub.X amounts held per unit time, it is possible to
calculate the NO.sub.X held amount at any time.
[0071] Referring to FIG. 3, at the time t.sub.1, the NO.sub.X
amount held in the NO.sub.X holding material 13 exceeds the held
amount judgment value for carrying out NO.sub.X purge control. From
the time t.sub.1, NO.sub.X purge control is carried out. The
NO.sub.X purge control makes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas
flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material a stoichiometric
air-fuel ratio or rich. The exhaust purification system in the
present embodiment performs additional supplementary injection at
the combustion chamber to thereby make the air-fuel ratio of the
exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material the
stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
[0072] FIG. 5 shows fuel injection patterns for normal operation of
the internal combustion engine in the present embodiment. The
injection pattern A is an injection pattern of fuel during normal
operation. During normal operation, a main injection FM is
performed at approximately compression top dead center TDC. The
main injection FM is performed when the crank angle is
approximately 0.degree.. Further, for stabilization of the
combustion of the main injection FM, a pilot injection FP is
performed before the main injection FM. The pilot injection FP is
performed when, for example, the crank angle is in a range of
approximately 10.degree. to approximately 40.degree. before
compression top dead center TDC.
[0073] During normal operation, as shown by the injection pattern
B, the main injection FM may be performed alone without the pilot
injection FP. In the present embodiment, the injection pattern
where the pilot injection FP is performed will be taken as an
example for the explanation. When operating under the injection
pattern A during normal operation, the air-fuel ratio of the
exhaust gas exhausted from the engine body is lean.
[0074] FIG. 6 shows the injection pattern when lowering the
air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas exhausted from the engine body.
In the injection pattern C, following the main injection FM, an
after injection FA is performed as a supplementary injection. The
after injection FA is performed at a combustible timing after the
main injection. The after injection FA is performed, for example,
in the range where the crank angle after compression top dead
center is up to approximately 40.degree..
[0075] By performing the after injection, the air-fuel ratio of the
exhaust gas can be lowered. In the present embodiment, control is
performed to reduce the intake air amount flowing into the
combustion chamber. Referring to FIG. 1, by reducing the opening
degree of the throttle valve 10, it is possible to reduce the
intake air amount flowing into the combustion chamber 2. It is
possible to further lower the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas
flowing out from the combustion chamber 2. In this way, the
air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X holding
material 13 can be made the stoichiometric or rich.
[0076] Referring to FIG. 3, in the operating state up to the time
t.sub.1, fuel is injected to the combustion chamber 2 by the
injection pattern A shown in FIG. 5. In the NO.sub.X purge control
period from the time t.sub.1 until the time t.sub.2, fuel is
injected to the combustion chamber 2 by the injection pattern C
shown in FIG. 6. By performing the NO.sub.X purge control, it is
possible to make the NO.sub.X holding material 13 release the
NO.sub.X and use the carbon monoxide, unburnt fuel, or other
reducing agents to convert the NO.sub.X to N.sub.2.
[0077] By performing the NO.sub.X purge control, at the time
t.sub.2, the NO.sub.X amount held in the NO.sub.X holding material
becomes substantially zero. At the time t.sub.2, the NO.sub.X purge
control is ended and the normal operating state is shifted to. In
the present embodiment, the NO.sub.X purge control is carried out
for a predetermined period of time. Further, in the NO.sub.X purge
control, a map of the released amount of NO.sub.X as a function of
the injection amount of the fuel in the combustion chamber and the
engine rotational frequency etc. may be used to calculate the
released amount of NO.sub.X.
[0078] Referring to FIG. 2, the NO.sub.X holding material in the
present embodiment employs a metal containing silver as the
catalyst metal 49. The inventors discovered that an NO.sub.X
holding material including a catalyst metal 49 containing silver
falls in the NO.sub.X purification ability when the NO.sub.X
holding material becomes a high temperature. That is, the inventors
discovered that the efficiency of removing NO.sub.X from the
exhaust gas, that is, the NO.sub.X purification rate, falls.
[0079] Further, the inventors discovered that if the temperature of
the NO.sub.X holding material 13 rises, the catalyst metal 49
carried on the catalyst carrier 48 will scatter in the form of
silver nitrate. The inventors discovered that silver nitrate
separates from the catalyst carrier 48 if at the boiling point or
more. The inventors discovered that, if, for example, the silver
nitrate becomes approximately 450.degree. C. or more, it separates
from the catalyst carrier 48. In the present invention, the lowest
temperature at which silver nitrate scattering occurs is referred
to as the "scatter temperature". If the catalyst metal 49 scatters
in the form of silver nitrate, the amount of catalyst metal
contained in the NO.sub.X holding material decreases. Therefore,
for example, the holdable amount that can be held in the NO.sub.X
holding material decreases. Further, the reduction ability when
reducing NO.sub.X to N.sub.2 falls. In this way, the NO.sub.X
purification rate of the NO.sub.X holding material falls.
[0080] Referring to FIG. 1, the exhaust purification system in the
present embodiment is provided with a particulate filter 16. If
operation of the internal combustion engine continues, particulate
matter gradually deposits on the particulate filter 16. The amount
of particulate matter deposited on the particulate filter can be
judged by the pressure difference detected by the pressure
difference sensor 29. When the detected pressure difference exceeds
an allowable value, it can be judged that the amount of particulate
matter deposited on the particulate filter has exceeded an
allowable amount. When the deposited amount of particulate matter
exceeds the allowable amount, regeneration control is carried out
to remove the deposited particulate matter. In the present
embodiment, the amount of deposited particulate matter is
calculated from the pressure difference before and after the
particulate filter, however, the invention is not limited to this.
Any method may be used to detect the deposited amount.
[0081] In regeneration of the particulate filter, the temperature
of the particulate filter is raised to a temperature at which the
particulate matter burns or higher. In the present embodiment, the
particulate filter is raised to a target temperature or higher. By
making the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas lean in this state,
the deposited particulate matter is made to burn. The deposited
particulate matter is removed.
[0082] In the regeneration control of the particulate filter 16,
the particulate filter 16 is raised to, for example, 600.degree. C.
or higher. In the present embodiment, the temperature of the
exhaust gas exhausted from the engine body is raised to 600.degree.
C. or more. Therefore, the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding
material 13 becomes the scatter temperature at which the catalyst
metal scatters or more.
[0083] In the present embodiment, before regeneration control of
the particulate filter, NO.sub.X purge control of the NO.sub.X
holding material is performed. This makes the NO.sub.X held at the
catalyst metal be released. By making the NO.sub.X be released, the
catalyst metal returns to the form of silver. In the form of
silver, the scattering of catalyst metal can be avoided even if at
the scatter temperature or more. Therefore, by making the NO.sub.X
be released, it is possible to suppress the scattering of the
catalyst metal.
[0084] FIG. 7 shows a time chart of operational control in the
present embodiment. FIG. 7 is a time chart for when performing
particulate filter regeneration. Normal operation is carried out
until the time t.sub.1. At the time t.sub.1, the deposited amount
of the particulate matter at the particulate filter reaches the
allowable amount. At the time t.sub.1, a particulate filter
regeneration request is sent.
[0085] In the present embodiment, when it is time to perform the
regeneration control of the particulate filter, the NO.sub.X purge
control in the NO.sub.X holding material is performed. In the
example shown in FIG. 7, the NO.sub.X purge control is performed in
the period from the time t.sub.1 to the time t.sub.2. By performing
the main injection and the after injection in the combustion
chamber, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the
NO.sub.X holding material is made the stoichiometric air-fuel
ratio. By performing the NO.sub.X purge control, it is possible to
reduce the NO.sub.X amount held in the NO.sub.X holding material at
the time t.sub.2 to substantially zero. That is, the amount of
silver nitrate contained in the NO.sub.X holding material can be
reduced to substantially zero.
[0086] At the time t.sub.2, the particulate filter regeneration
control is started. At the time t.sub.2, the intake air amount is
restored. The air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas exhausted from the
engine body becomes lean. In the present embodiment, even after the
time t.sub.2, the after injection FA is continued to raise the
temperature of the particulate filter.
[0087] Referring to FIG. 6, by performing the after injection FA,
the afterburn period becomes longer, so the temperature of the
exhaust gas exhausted from the engine body can be raised. Further,
in the injection pattern C, the injection timing of the main
injection FM is delayed from compression top dead center TDC. That
is, the injection timing of the main injection FM is retarded.
Along with the retarding of the injection timing of the main
injection FM, the injection timing of the pilot injection FP is
also retarded. By retarding the injection timing of the main
injection FM, it is possible to raise the exhaust gas temperature.
The temperature raising device for raising the temperature of the
particulate filter is not limited to this. Any device that can
raise the temperature of the particulate filter can be
employed.
[0088] Referring to FIG. 7, at the time t.sub.3, the bed
temperature of the particulate filter reaches the combustion
temperature of the particulate matter. Afterwards, the bed
temperature of the particulate filter reaches the target
temperature.
[0089] Along with the temperature rise of the particulate filter
16, the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material 13 also rises
at the same time. The temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material
exceeds the scatter temperature. However, the NO.sub.X holding
material does not hold NO.sub.X, that is, does not contain silver
nitrate, so scattering of the catalyst metal can be avoided.
[0090] From the time t.sub.3 to the time t.sub.4, the particulate
matter deposited on the particulate filter can be made to burn. At
the time t.sub.4, the deposited amount of particulate matter
reaches the lower limit judgment value. At the time t.sub.4, the
regeneration control is ended. The deposited amount on the
particulate filter reaching the lower limit judgment value can be
detected for example from the output of the pressure difference
sensor 29 arranged at the particulate filter 16. At the time
t.sub.4 on, normal operation is performed.
[0091] In the present embodiment, when it is time to perform the
regeneration control of the particulate filter, NO.sub.X purge
control of the NO.sub.X holding material is performed. When it is
time to perform control to increase the temperature of the NO.sub.X
holding material to the scatter temperature or more, the NO.sub.X
purge control is performed to cause the release of the NO.sub.X
held at the NO.sub.X holding material. Due to this configuration,
it is possible to suppress scattering of the catalyst metal of the
NO.sub.X holding material when the temperature of the NO.sub.X
holding material is at the scatter temperature or above. The drop
in the NO.sub.X purification ability of the NO.sub.X holding
material can be suppressed.
[0092] In this regard, the NO.sub.X purge control in the present
embodiment performs the after injection FA in the combustion
chamber. Therefore, the temperature of the exhaust gas rises as the
air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas drops. When starting the NO.sub.X
purge control, sometimes the NO.sub.X holding material already has
a high temperature. In such cases, when performing the NO.sub.X
purge control, the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material is
liable to become the scatter temperature or more.
[0093] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of second NO.sub.X purge control in
the present embodiment. FIG. 8 shows an example of a case where
there has been a request for regeneration of the particulate
filter. In the second NO.sub.X purge control, when the temperature
of the NO.sub.X holding material is at a predetermined temperature
judgment value or more, the NO.sub.X purge control is suspended. It
is waited until the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material
falls.
[0094] At step 101, it is judged if there is a regeneration request
for the particulate filter. At step 101, when there is no
regeneration request for the particulate filter, this control is
ended. When there is a regeneration request for the particulate
filter, the routine proceeds to step 102.
[0095] At step 102, it is judged if the NO.sub.X amount held in the
NO.sub.X holding material is greater than zero. That is, it is
judged if NO.sub.X is held in the NO.sub.X holding material. When
at step 102 the NO.sub.X amount held in the NO.sub.X holding
material is zero, this control is ended. When at step 102 the
NO.sub.X amount held in the NO.sub.X holding material is greater
than zero, the routine proceeds to step 103.
[0096] At step 103, NO.sub.X purge control is started. In the
present embodiment, in the combustion chamber, in addition to main
injection FM, after injection FA is performed. The temperature of
the exhaust gas rises, so the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding
material rises.
[0097] Next, at step 104, during the period where NO.sub.X purge
control is performed, it is judged if the bed temperature of the
NO.sub.X holding material is a predetermined temperature judgment
value or more. When at step 104 the temperature of the NO.sub.X
holding material is the temperature judgment value for suspending
the NO.sub.X purge control or more, the routine proceeds to step
105. That is, when the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material
is liable to reach the silver nitrate scatter temperature, the
routine proceeds to step 105. This temperature judgment value is a
temperature sufficiently lower than the scatter temperature so that
even if the NO.sub.X purge control is continued for a predetermined
period, the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material does not
reach the scatter temperature of the silver nitrate.
[0098] At step 105, the NO.sub.X purge control is suspended. In the
present embodiment, the NO.sub.X purge control is suspended for a
predetermined length of time. Step 105 is not limited to this. A
lower limit temperature judgment value may be set in advance and
the NO.sub.X purge control may be suspended until the temperature
of the NO.sub.X holding material becomes the lower limit
temperature judgment value or less.
[0099] Next, the routine proceeds to step 102, where this control
is repeated. Further, when at step 104 the bed temperature of the
NO.sub.X holding material is less than the temperature judgment
value, the routine proceeds to step 102. At step 102, it is judged
again if the NO.sub.X amount held in the NO.sub.X holding material
is greater than zero. When the NO.sub.X amount held in the NO.sub.X
holding material is zero, this control is ended.
[0100] FIG. 9 shows a time chart of the second NO.sub.X purge
control in the present embodiment. Until the time t.sub.1, normal
operation is performed. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the bed
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material is a temperature close
to the scatter temperature. At the time t.sub.1, the NO.sub.X purge
control is started. In the NO.sub.X purge control, the after
injection FA is performed whereby the temperature of the NO.sub.X
holding material rises. At the time t.sub.2, the bed temperature of
the NO.sub.X holding material reaches a temperature judgment value
for suspending the NO.sub.X purge control. Therefore, at the time
t.sub.2, the NO.sub.X purge control is suspended. By suspending the
NO.sub.X purge control, the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding
material drops. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the NO.sub.X purge
control is suspended for a predetermined length of time.
[0101] After the predetermined length of time has passed, at the
time t.sub.3, NO.sub.X purge control is restarted. At the time
t.sub.3, the bed temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material is a
temperature lower than the temperature judgment value. By
performing the NO.sub.X purge control from the time t.sub.3 to the
time t.sub.4, the NO.sub.X amount held in the NO.sub.X holding
material becomes substantially zero.
[0102] In the second NO.sub.X purge control, when the bed
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material is becomes the
predetermined temperature judgment value or more, the NO.sub.X
purge control is suspended. By employing this control, during the
NO.sub.X purge control period, it is possible to avoid the
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material becoming the scatter
temperature or more in the state where the NO.sub.X holding
material contains silver nitrate. In this way, the NO.sub.X purge
control may be performed intermittently.
[0103] In the present embodiment, by performing the after injection
in addition to the main injection, the air-fuel ratio of the
exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material is made the
stoichiometric or rich, however, the invention is not limited to
this. Any device making the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas the
stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich can be employed.
[0104] FIG. 10 shows another injection pattern when making the
air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio
or rich. The injection pattern D performs a post injection FPO
after the main injection FM. The post injection FPO is an injection
where fuel is not burned in the combustion chamber. The post
injection FPO is a supplementary injection similar to the after
injection. The post injection FPO is performed, for example, in a
range of the crank angle after compression top dead center of
approximately 90.degree. to approximately 120.degree.. By
performing the post injection FPO in the combustion chamber, it is
possible to make the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into
the NO.sub.X holding material the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or
rich.
[0105] Further, a fuel addition valve may be arranged upstream of
the NO.sub.X holding material in the engine exhaust passage for
feeding unburnt fuel. The fuel from the fuel addition valve that is
used can be the same fuel as the engine body for example. The fuel
addition valve can be controlled by the electronic control unit for
example. By feeding unburnt fuel from the fuel addition valve, it
is possible to make the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing
into the NO.sub.X holding material the stoichiometric air-fuel
ratio or rich.
[0106] The exhaust purification system of the internal combustion
engine in the present embodiment has the particulate filter
arranged at an upstream side of the NO.sub.X holding material, but
the invention is not limited to this. The particulate filter may
also be arranged at a downstream side of the NO.sub.X holding
material. Further, the exhaust purification system of the internal
combustion engine may be provided with an NO.sub.X selective
reducing catalyst, oxidation catalyst, NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst, or other exhaust treatment device. Further, the NO.sub.X
holding material may be any exhaust treatment device so long as it
includes a catalyst metal containing silver and treats
NO.sub.X.
[0107] In the present embodiment, as control whereby the
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material rises to the scatter
temperature or above, the particulate filter regeneration control
was used as an example for the explanation. However, when it is
time to perform any control whereby the temperature of the NO.sub.X
holding material rises to the scatter temperature or above, the
NO.sub.X purge control is carried out to remove silver nitrate from
the NO.sub.X holding material thereby allowing the suppression of a
drop in NO.sub.X purification ability.
[0108] The internal combustion engine in the present embodiment is
arranged in an automobile, but the invention is not limited to
this. The present invention can be applied to any internal
combustion engine.
Second Embodiment
[0109] Referring to FIG. 11 to FIG. 13, an exhaust purification
system of an internal combustion engine in a second embodiment will
be explained. In the present embodiment, as control whereby the
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material rises to the scatter
temperature or above, sulfur poisoning recovery control of an
NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst will be used as an example for
the explanation.
[0110] FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an internal combustion engine
in a present embodiment. The exhaust purification system in the
present embodiment is provided with an NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst (NSR) 17. The NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst 17 is
arranged in the engine exhaust passage downstream of the NO.sub.X
holding material 13. Downstream of the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17, there is arranged a temperature sensor 25 as a
temperature detection device for detecting the temperature of the
NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst 17. Upstream of the NO.sub.X
storage reduction catalyst 17, there is arranged an air-fuel ratio
sensor 51 for detecting the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas
flowing into the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst 17. Upstream
of the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst 17, there is arranged an
NO.sub.X sensor 53 for detecting the NO.sub.X amount flowing into
the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst 17. The output signals of
these temperature sensor 25, air-fuel ratio sensor 51, and NO.sub.X
sensor 53 are input through corresponding AD converters 37 to the
input port 35 (refer to FIG. 1).
[0111] FIG. 12 shows an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of
the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst. The NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst is comprised of a substrate on which a catalyst
carrier 45 comprised of, for example, alumina, is formed. The
surface of the catalyst carrier 45 carries dispersed catalyst metal
46 containing a precious metal. On the surface of the catalyst
carrier 45, a layer of an NO.sub.X absorbent 47 is formed. The
catalyst metal 46 in the present embodiment contains platinum (Pt).
As the ingredient comprising the NO.sub.X absorbent 47, at least
one ingredient selected from for example potassium (K), sodium
(Na), cesium (Cs), or other alkali metals, barium (Ba), calcium
(Ca), and other alkali earths, or, lanthanum (La), yttrium (Y), and
other rare earths is used. The NO.sub.X absorbent 47 in the present
embodiment includes barium.
[0112] At the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst, when the
air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean, the NO contained in the
exhaust gas is oxidized on the catalyst metal 46 and becomes
NO.sub.2. The NO.sub.2 is stored in the form of nitrate ions
NO.sub.3.sup.- in the NO.sub.X absorbent 47. As opposed to this,
when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is rich or the
stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the nitrate ions NO.sub.3.sup.- in
the NO.sub.X absorbent 47 are released in the form of NO.sub.2 from
the NO.sub.X absorbent 47. The released NO.sub.X is reduced to
N.sub.2 by the unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide contained
in the exhaust gas.
[0113] Referring to FIG. 11, the exhaust purification system in the
present embodiment performs purification of NO.sub.X at both the
NO.sub.X holding material 13 and the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17. When the temperature of the exhaust gas is low, the
NO.sub.X holding material 13 can hold the NO.sub.X. For example,
immediately after starting up the engine body, by holding the
NO.sub.X in the NO.sub.X holding material 13, the NO.sub.X can be
removed from the exhaust gas. Further, if the exhaust gas
temperature rises, the catalyst metal 46 of the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst 17 becomes activated and the NO.sub.X storage
ability is improved. Therefore, during normal operation, both the
NO.sub.X holding material 13 and the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17 can hold NO.sub.X.
[0114] Further, when the temperature of the exhaust gas becomes
high, mainly the NO.sub.X absorbent 47 of the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst 17 stores NO.sub.X. For example, when the engine
body runs for a long period of time at a high speed, sometimes the
temperature of the exhaust gas rises and the NO.sub.X holding
ability of the NO.sub.X holding material 13 falls. In such a case
as well, the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst 17 can store
NO.sub.X.
[0115] In the NO.sub.X holding material 13, when the NO.sub.X held
amount exceeds an allowable value, NO.sub.X purge control can be
performed to release and reduce the NO.sub.X.
[0116] At the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst 17, the NO.sub.X
amount stored in the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst is
calculated. When the NO.sub.X amount stored in the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst 17 exceeds the allowable amount, NO.sub.X
release control is performed. In the NO.sub.X release control, the
air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst 17 can be made the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio
or rich so as to make the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst 17
release the NO.sub.X and reduce the NO.sub.X to N.sub.2.
[0117] The NO.sub.X stored amount in the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17 can be estimated by the output signal of the NO.sub.X
sensor 53 arranged at the upstream side of the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst 17. Based on the output signal of the NO.sub.X
sensor 53, the NO.sub.X amount flowing into the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst 17 can be estimated. Through cumulative addition
of the NO.sub.X amounts flowing into the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17 per unit time, it is possible to calculate the NO.sub.X
stored amount of the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst 17 at any
time.
[0118] Estimation of the NO.sub.X amount stored in the NO.sub.X
storage reduction catalyst 17 is not limited to this. Any device
can be used. For example, a map or the like may be used to
calculate the NO.sub.X amount flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding
material and calculate the NO.sub.X amount stored in the NO.sub.X
storage reduction catalyst.
[0119] In this way, by arranging the NO.sub.X holding material 13
in the engine exhaust passage and arranging the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst 17 at the downstream side of the NO.sub.X
holding material 13, NO.sub.X can be purified with a high
purification rate in a broad range of temperature of the exhaust
gas from low temperature to high temperature. Further, if compared
with an exhaust purification system arranging only an NO.sub.X
storage reduction catalyst in the engine exhaust passage, the
NO.sub.X holding material can purify the NO.sub.X, so it is
possible to make the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst smaller in
size. The NO.sub.X holding material can use silver or another
catalyst metal, so it is possible to slash the amount of platinum
and other precious metals used in the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst.
[0120] In the present embodiment, the NO.sub.X holding material 13
is arranged at the upstream side and the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17 is arranged at the downstream side. The NO.sub.X
holding material 13 may also be arranged downstream of the NO.sub.X
storage reduction catalyst 17. However, for example, when the
exhaust gas is a high temperature, sometimes NO.sub.X flows out
from the NO.sub.X holding material 13. By arranging the NO.sub.X
holding material 13 upstream of the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17, the NO.sub.X flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding
material 13 can be purified at the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17. Therefore, the NO.sub.X holding material 13 is
preferably arranged at the further upstream side from the NO.sub.X
storage reduction catalyst 17.
[0121] In this regard, exhaust gas contains SO.sub.X, that is,
SO.sub.2. If SO.sub.2 flows into the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17, it is oxidized at the catalyst metal 46 and becomes
SO.sub.3. This SO.sub.3 is absorbed by the NO.sub.X absorbent 47
and forms BaSO.sub.4 for example. The sulfate BaSO.sub.4 is stable
and does not break down easily. With simply only making the
air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas rich, the sulfate BaSO.sub.4 does
not break down and remains as it is. Therefore, the NO.sub.X amount
that can be stored by the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst
falls. The NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst therefore suffers
from sulfur poisoning.
[0122] To recover from the sulfur poisoning, the temperature of the
NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst is raised up to a temperature
where SO.sub.X can be released. Further, sulfur poisoning recovery
control is performed making the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas
flowing into the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst rich or the
stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. By performing sulfur poisoning
recovery control, it is possible to make the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst release the SO.sub.X.
[0123] The SO.sub.X amount stored in the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst can for example be calculated from a map of the SO.sub.X
amount exhausted from the engine body per unit time as a function
of the rotational frequency of the engine body and the fuel
injection amount. This map is stored in the electronic control unit
for example. By cumulatively adding the SO.sub.X amount stored per
unit time calculated according to the operating state, it is
possible to estimate the SO.sub.X amount stored in the NO.sub.X
storage reduction catalyst at any time. In the present embodiment,
when the SO.sub.X amount stored in the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst exceeds the allowable value, sulfur poisoning recovery
control is performed.
[0124] Referring to FIG. 6, in the sulfur poisoning recovery
control of the present embodiment, the after injection is performed
after the main injection in the combustion chamber so as to raise
the temperature of the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst.
Further, the injection timing of the main injection FM is retarded
so as to raise the temperature of the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst. The temperature raising device raising the temperature of
the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst is not limited to this. Any
device that can raise the temperature of the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst can be employed.
[0125] In this regard, when performing the sulfur poisoning
recovery control, the temperature of the exhaust gas becomes high.
The temperature of the exhaust gas is raised to 650.degree. C. or
more for example. The temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material
13 becomes the scatter temperature or more. Therefore, in the
NO.sub.X holding material 13, when NO.sub.X is held, the catalyst
metal scatters in the form of silver nitrate. In the present
embodiment, when it is time to perform the sulfur poisoning
recovery control, the NO.sub.X purge control is performed. That is,
in the same way as how NO.sub.X purge control is performed before
the regeneration control of the particulate filter in the first
embodiment, the NO.sub.X purge control is performed before the
sulfur poisoning recovery control.
[0126] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of the NO.sub.X purge control in
the present embodiment. At step 109, it is judged if there is a
request for sulfur poisoning recovery control. That is, it is
judged if the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst stores more
SO.sub.X than the allowable value. If at step 109 there is no
request for sulfur poisoning recovery control, this control is
ended. If at step 109 there is a request for sulfur poisoning
recovery control, the routine proceeds to step 102. At step 102 to
step 105, the same NO.sub.X purge control as the second NO.sub.X
purge control in the first embodiment is performed (see FIG.
8).
[0127] In this way, by performing the NO.sub.X purge control when
it is time to perform the sulfur poisoning recovery control, it is
possible to eliminate the NO.sub.X holding material holding
NO.sub.X in the form of silver nitrate. When performing the sulfur
poisoning recovery treatment, the scattering of the catalyst metal
can be avoided even when the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding
material is the scatter temperature or more. The drop in the
NO.sub.X purification ability of the NO.sub.X holding material can
therefore be suppressed.
[0128] In the present embodiment, control similar to the second
NO.sub.X purge control in the first embodiment was used as an
example for the explanation, but the invention is not limited to
this. Control similar to the first NO.sub.X purge control in the
first embodiment can also be performed.
[0129] The rest of the configuration, actions, and effects are
similar to those of the first embodiment. The explanations are not
repeated here.
Third Embodiment
[0130] Referring to FIG. 14 to FIG. 21, an exhaust purification
system of an internal combustion engine in a third embodiment will
be explained. The exhaust purification system of an internal
combustion engine in the present embodiment performs an exhaust
purification system operation in accordance with scattering of the
catalyst metal when the catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding
material scatters.
[0131] In the operation of the internal combustion engine,
sometimes it is difficult to predict the inflow of high temperature
exhaust gas into the NO.sub.X holding material. For example, when
an operating state where the rotational frequency of the engine
body is extremely high and the fuel injection amount in the
combustion chamber is large is sustained for a long period of time,
the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X
holding material becomes high. Further, when the distance between
the NO.sub.X holding material and the engine body is short, the
temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.X holding
material rises. In such cases, sometimes the NO.sub.X holding
material ends up exceeding the scatter temperature of the catalyst
metal. When the NO.sub.X holding material holds NO.sub.X, the
catalyst metal scatters in the form of silver nitrate.
[0132] FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship of the scattered
amount of catalyst metal and the holdable amount of NO.sub.X in the
NO.sub.X holding material. When the scattered amount of the
catalyst metal is large, the amount of catalyst metal contained in
the NO.sub.X holding material becomes smaller. Therefore, the
scattered amount of catalyst metal increases and the holdable
amount of NO.sub.X decreases. The exhaust purification system of an
internal combustion engine in the present embodiment is provided
with a device for estimating the amount of catalyst metal remaining
in the NO.sub.X holding material when catalyst metal scatters from
the NO.sub.X holding material.
[0133] FIG. 15 shows a flowchart for estimating the amount of the
catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material in the present
embodiment. This control can be repeated every predetermined time
period. At step 111, it is judged if the NO.sub.X held amount of
the NO.sub.X holding material is greater than zero. When the
NO.sub.X held amount is zero, this control is ended. When the held
amount of NO.sub.X is greater than zero, the routine proceeds to
step 112.
[0134] At step 112, it is judged if the temperature of the NO.sub.X
holding material is the scatter temperature of the catalyst metal
or more. When the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material is
less than the scatter temperature, this control is ended. When the
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material is the scatter
temperature or more, the routine proceeds to step 113.
[0135] At step 113, the scattered amount of the catalyst metal is
estimated. In the present embodiment, a map of the scattered amount
of the catalyst metal is used. At step 113, the scattered amount of
the catalyst metal at this time is calculated.
[0136] FIG. 16 shows a map of the scattered amount of catalyst
metal scattering from the NO.sub.X holding material in the form of
silver nitrate. The scattered amount of the catalyst metal remains
almost constant if the scatter temperature or more regardless of
the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material. A map is created
in advance for the scattered amount AGS of the catalyst metal per
unit time as a function of the time t.sub.s that the NO.sub.X
holding material is at the scatter temperature or more and the
NO.sub.X amount .SIGMA.NOX held in the NO.sub.X holding material.
This map is stored in the ROM 32 of the electronic control unit 30
for example. The amount of scattered catalyst metal can be
calculated based on the time that the NO.sub.X holding material is
at the scatter temperature or more and the NO.sub.X amount held in
the NO.sub.X holding material.
[0137] Referring to FIG. 15, next, at step 114, the remaining
amount of catalyst metal is calculated from the scattered amount at
this time. By subtracting the scattered amount of catalyst metal at
this time from the amount of catalyst metal remaining at the
NO.sub.X holding material calculated from the previous calculation,
the amount of catalyst metal remaining at the NO.sub.X holding
material can be calculated. Further, by cumulatively adding the
scattered amounts until now and subtracting the cumulative value of
the scattered amounts from the initial amount of catalyst metal of
the NO.sub.X holding material, the amount of catalyst metal
remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material can be calculated.
[0138] The exhaust purification system of an internal combustion
engine for performing the first operational control in the present
embodiment is provided with an NO.sub.X holding material (for
example see FIG. 1 or FIG. 11). In the first operational control of
the present embodiment, according to the calculated amount of the
catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material, the held amount
judgment value for performing the NO.sub.X purge control is
calculated. That is, the less the amount of catalyst metal
remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material, the smaller the held
amount judgment value. In the present embodiment, the held amount
judgment value as a function of the amount of catalyst metal of the
NO.sub.X holding material is created in advance and stored in the
ROM 32 of the electronic control unit. It is updated to a held
amount judgment value corresponding to the calculated amount of
catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material. In the operational
control, when the NO.sub.X amount of the NO.sub.X holding material
exceeds the updated held amount judgment value, NO.sub.X purge
control is performed. By performing this control, it is possible to
suppress the saturation of NO.sub.X holding material with NO.sub.X
and the outflow of NO.sub.X from the NO.sub.X holding material.
[0139] Next, the second operational control in this present
embodiment will be explained. The second operational control is
operational control for the exhaust purification system of the
second embodiment. Referring to FIG. 11, the exhaust treatment
device performing the second operational control is provided with
an NO.sub.X holding material 13 and an NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17 arranged downstream of the NO.sub.X holding material
13.
[0140] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart of the second operational control
in the present embodiment. In the second operational control as
well, the amount of catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material
at any time is calculated. The second operational control can be
repeated every predetermined time period.
[0141] At step 121, it is judged if the scattered amount of the
catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material is greater than
zero. That is, it is judged if the catalyst metal scatters. When
the scattered amount of the catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding
material is zero, the routine proceeds to step 122. At step 122,
when the scatter amount of the catalyst metal is zero, a map of the
NO.sub.X amount flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding material is
selected based on the temperature of the NO.sub.X holding
material.
[0142] At step 121, when the scatter amount of the catalyst metal
of the NO.sub.X holding material is greater than zero, the routine
proceeds to step 123. At step 123, the amount of catalyst metal of
the NO.sub.X holding material is detected.
[0143] Next, at step 124, a map of the NO.sub.X amount flowing out
from the NO.sub.X holding material is selected. The NO.sub.X amount
flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding material 13 corresponds to
the NO.sub.X amount stored in the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst 17. In the present embodiment, the NO.sub.X amount flowing
out from the NO.sub.X holding material 13 is calculated by the
map.
[0144] FIG. 18 shows a map of the NO.sub.X amount flowing out from
the NO.sub.X holding material. FIG. 18 is the map when at a
predetermined temperature with a predetermined catalyst metal
amount. The NO.sub.X amount NOXB flowing out from the NO.sub.X
holding material per unit time can be calculated as a function of
the NO.sub.X amount NOXA per unit time flowing into the NO.sub.X
holding material and the NO.sub.X amount ENOX held in the NO.sub.X
holding material. The NO.sub.X amount NOXA flowing into the
NO.sub.X holding material per unit time can be calculated from a
map as a function of the engine rotational frequency and fuel
injection amount for example (see FIG. 4).
[0145] A plurality of maps are created in advance for the NO.sub.X
amount flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding material corresponding
to each temperature and catalyst metal amount and are stored in the
ROM 32 of the electronic control unit 30 for example. These maps
are made so that when the amount of catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X
holding material becomes lower, the NO.sub.X amount flowing out
from the NO.sub.X holding material becomes larger.
[0146] Referring to FIG. 17, at step 124, a map of the NO.sub.X
amount flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding material is selected
based on the amount and temperature of the catalyst metal of the
NO.sub.X holding material. Using the selected map, the NO.sub.X
amount NOXB per unit time flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding
material 13 is calculated. When the amount of the catalyst metal of
the NO.sub.X holding material is lower, the NO.sub.X amount flowing
out from the NO.sub.X holding material becomes larger.
[0147] At step 125, using the selected map, the NO.sub.X stored
amount of the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst is calculated. By
cumulatively adding the NO.sub.X amounts NOXB flowing in per unit
time, the NO.sub.X amount stored in the NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst at any time can be calculated. That is, by adding the
current calculated NOX amount flowing into the NO.sub.X storage
reduction catalyst to the previously calculated NO.sub.X stored
amount, the NO.sub.X stored amount can be calculated.
[0148] In this way, in the second operational control of the
present embodiment, the amount of catalyst metal remaining at the
NO.sub.X holding material when the catalyst metal scatters from the
NO.sub.X holding material is calculated. Based on the remaining
amount of the catalyst metal, the NO.sub.X amount flowing out from
the NO.sub.X holding material is calculated, and the NO.sub.X
amount stored in the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst is
calculated.
[0149] FIG. 19 shows a time chart of the second operational control
in the present embodiment. At the time t.sub.1, the NO.sub.X stored
amount of the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst reaches a stored
amount judgment value set in advance as the allowable amount. In
the time period when normal operation is performed, NO.sub.X
release control is performed in the period from the time t.sub.1 to
the time t.sub.2 and in the period from the time t.sub.3 to the
time t.sub.4. Further, NO.sub.X release control is performed in the
period from the time t.sub.5 to the time t.sub.6 and the period
from the time t.sup.7 to the time t.sub.8.
[0150] At part of the time period from the time t.sub.2 to the time
t.sub.5, the catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material
scatters due to a predetermined operating state. The amount of the
catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material decreases along
with the scattering of the catalyst metal. At the time t.sub.X, the
amount of catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material becomes
the judgment value for modifying the map of the NO.sub.X amount
flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding material or less. Therefore,
at normal operation from the time t.sub.4 on, the map for
calculating the NO.sub.X amount flowing out from the NO.sub.X
holding material is modified. At step 124 of FIG. 17, the newly
selected map is used. The estimated amount of the NO.sub.X amount
stored per unit time becomes larger.
[0151] Therefore, in the operation from the time t.sub.4 on, the
interval of NO.sub.X release control becomes shorter. The length of
time from the time t.sub.4 to the time t.sub.5 becomes shorter than
the length of time from the time t.sub.2 to the time t.sub.3.
[0152] The map is updated according to the scatter amount of the
catalyst metal in this way. By estimating the NO.sub.X amount
flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding material based on the amount
of remaining catalyst metal, the NO.sub.X amount flowing out from
the NO.sub.X holding material can be more accurately estimated.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is possible to more
accurately estimate the NO.sub.X amount stored in the NO.sub.X
storage reduction catalyst. This can suppress the inflow of an
amount of NO.sub.X larger than the estimated NO.sub.X amount into
the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst and saturation of the
NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst. The outflow of NO.sub.X from
the NO.sub.X storage reduction catalyst can be avoided.
[0153] FIG. 20 shows a schematic view of an exhaust purification
system performing the third operational control in the present
embodiment. The exhaust purification system performing the third
operational control is provided with an NO.sub.X selective reducing
catalyst (SCR) 14. The NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst 14 is
an exhaust treatment device able to selectively reduce NO.sub.X by
feeding a reducing agent. The NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst
14 is arranged at the engine exhaust passage downstream of the
NO.sub.X holding material 13. Downstream of the NO.sub.X selective
reducing catalyst 14, there is arranged a temperature sensor 52 as
a temperature detection device for detecting the temperature of the
NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst 14. The output signal of the
temperature sensor 52 is input through a corresponding AD converter
37 to the input port 35 (refer to FIG. 1).
[0154] The NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst 14 in the present
embodiment can selectively reduce NO.sub.X using ammonia as a
reducing agent. The NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst can be
comprised from zeolite adsorbing ammonia and containing iron or
other transition metals. Further, it can be comprised from a
titanic-vanadium-based catalyst not having an ammonia adsorbing
function. The NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst 14 in the
present embodiment is comprised from ammonia adsorption type Fe
zeolite.
[0155] The exhaust purification system is provided with a reducing
agent feeding device feeding a reducing agent to the NO.sub.X
selective reducing catalyst 14. In the present embodiment, ammonia
is used as the reducing agent. The reducing agent feeding device
contains a urea feed valve 55. The urea feed valve 55 is arranged
in the engine exhaust passage at an upstream side of the NO.sub.X
selective reducing catalyst 14. The urea feed valve 55 is formed so
as to inject urea into the engine exhaust passage. The reducing
agent feeding device in the present embodiment is made so as to
feed urea, however, the invention is not limited to this. It may
also be made so as to feed ammonia water.
[0156] The urea feed valve 55 is connected through a corresponding
drive circuit 38 to the output port 36 of the electronic control
unit 30. The urea feed valve 55 in the present embodiment is
controlled by the electronic control unit 30 (see FIG. 1).
[0157] If urea is fed from the urea feed valve 55 to the exhaust
gas flowing in the engine exhaust passage, the urea is hydrolyzed.
By the urea being hydrolyzed, ammonia and carbon dioxide are
created. By the created ammonia being fed to the NO.sub.X selective
reducing catalyst 14, the NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst 14
reduces the NO.sub.X contained in the exhaust gas to nitrogen.
[0158] This exhaust purification system can purify the NO.sub.X at
both the NO.sub.X holding material 13 and the NO.sub.X selective
reducing catalyst 14 during normal operation. During normal
operation of the engine body 1, it is possible to purify NO.sub.X
by the NO.sub.X holding material 13 repeatedly holding the NO.sub.X
and performing NO.sub.X purge control. Further, by feeding a
reducing agent from the urea feed valve 55 to the NO.sub.X
selective reducing catalyst 14, the NO selective reducing catalyst
14 can purify the NO.sub.X.
[0159] When the temperature of the exhaust gas is low, NO.sub.X can
be removed from the exhaust gas by adsorption of NO.sub.X at the
NO.sub.X holding material 13. When the temperature of the exhaust
gas is high, the NO.sub.X purification rate in the NO.sub.X holding
material 13 drops, however, by selectively reducing the NO.sub.X at
the NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst 14, NO.sub.X can be
purified. In such a way, NO.sub.X can be purified at a wide range
of temperature from low temperature to high temperature. Further,
it is possible to slash the amount of use of platinum and other
precious metals and purify NO.sub.X.
[0160] In the present embodiment, the NO.sub.X holding material 13
is arranged at the upstream side and the NO.sub.X selective
reducing catalyst 14 is arranged at the downstream side. The
NO.sub.X holding material 13 may also be arranged downstream of the
NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst 14. However, when the exhaust
gas has a high temperature for example, sometimes NO.sub.X flows
out from the NO.sub.X holding material 13. By arranging the
NO.sub.X holding material 13 upstream of the NO.sub.X selective
reducing catalyst 14, the NO.sub.X flowing out from the NO.sub.X
holding material 13 can be purified by the NO.sub.X selective
reducing catalyst 14. Therefore, the NO.sub.X holding material 13
is preferably arranged more to the upstream side than the NO.sub.X
selective reducing catalyst 14.
[0161] FIG. 21 shows a flowchart of a third operational control in
the present embodiment. In the third operational control of the
present embodiment, when the amount of catalyst metal in the
NO.sub.X holding material drops due to scattering, control
increasing the purified amount of NO.sub.X at the downstream
NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst is performed.
[0162] At step 131, it is judged if the scatter amount of the
catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material is greater than
zero. When at step 131 the scatter amount of the catalyst metal of
the NO.sub.X holding material is zero, the routine proceeds to step
132. At step 132, a feed amount of urea set in advance is selected
as the feed amount of urea from the urea feed valve. When at step
131 the scatter amount of the catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X
holding material is greater than zero, the routine proceeds to step
133. At step 133, the amount of the catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X
holding material 13 is detected.
[0163] Next, at step 134, the amount of urea fed from the urea feed
valve 55 is calculated based on the amount of catalyst metal of the
NO.sub.X holding material. The amount of urea fed from the urea
feed valve can be calculated using a map of the urea feed amount
per unit time as a function of the NO.sub.X amount NOXA per unit
time flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material and the NO.sub.X
amount held in the NO.sub.X holding material. A plurality of maps
are created in advance for the urea amounts corresponding to
different temperatures and catalyst metal amounts and are stored in
the ROM 32 of the electronic control unit 30 for example. These
maps are formed so that the smaller the amount of the catalyst
metal of the NO.sub.X holding material, the greater the urea feed
amount. The amount of urea fed from the urea feed valve can be
calculated with such a urea feed amount map. The calculation of the
feed amount of the urea is not limited to this. The amount may be
calculated by any method based on the amount of the catalyst metal
of the NO.sub.X holding material.
[0164] Next, at step 135, urea is fed from the urea feed valve by
the urea feed amount selected at step 132 or the urea feed amount
calculated at step 134. If the scatter amount of the catalyst metal
is increased, the amount of catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding
material decreases. If the amount of catalyst metal decreases, the
NO.sub.X amount flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding material
increases. Therefore, the NO.sub.X amount flowing into the NO.sub.X
selective reducing catalyst increases. The feed amount of urea from
the urea feed valve increases along with an increase of the inflow
amount of NO.sub.X to the NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst.
[0165] In the present embodiment, urea is intermittently injected
from the urea feed valve. When increasing the feed amount of urea,
the urea injection interval can be shortened. Further, the urea
feed amount can be increased by increasing one injection
amount.
[0166] Thus, in the third operational control of the present
embodiment, the amount of the catalyst metal remaining in the
NO.sub.X holding material when the catalyst metal scatters from the
NO.sub.X holding material is estimated. The less the amount of
catalyst metal remaining, the more the increase in the feed amount
of the reducing agent of the NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst.
By employing this configuration, when the catalyst metal scatters
at the NO.sub.X holding material, the purified amount of NO.sub.X
at the NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst on the downstream side
can be increased, and the outflow of NO.sub.X from the NO.sub.X
selective reducing catalyst can be suppressed.
[0167] In the present embodiment, a map is used to estimate the
scatter amount of the catalyst metal, then the amount of the
catalyst metal remaining in the NO.sub.X holding material is
estimated, however, the invention is not limited to this. Any
method may be used to estimate the amount of the catalyst metal
remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material. For example, NO.sub.X
sensors are arranged at the upstream side and at the downstream
side of the NO.sub.X holding material. It is also possible to
estimate the purification rate of NO.sub.X in the NO.sub.X holding
material based on the NO.sub.X amount flowing into the NO.sub.X
holding material and the NO.sub.X amount flowing out from the
NO.sub.X holding material and estimate the amount of catalyst metal
remaining at the NO.sub.X holding material from this NO.sub.X
purification rate.
[0168] The rest of the configuration, actions, and effects are
similar to the first or second embodiments, so the explanations are
not repeated here.
Fourth Embodiment
[0169] Referring to FIG. 22 to FIG. 28, an exhaust purification
system of an internal combustion engine in a fourth embodiment will
be explained. The exhaust purification system of an internal
combustion engine in the present embodiment is provided with an
NO.sub.X holding material (for example, see FIG. 1). The NO.sub.X
holding material includes a catalyst metal containing silver. The
exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine in the
present embodiment performs control reducing the NO.sub.X amount
exhausted from the engine body when the catalyst metal of the
NO.sub.X holding material scatters.
[0170] FIG. 22 shows a flowchart of a first operational control in
the present embodiment. The first operational control shown in FIG.
22 can be repeated every predetermined time period. In the first
operational control of the present embodiment, when the catalyst
metal of the NO.sub.X holding material scatters and the temperature
of the NO.sub.X holding material is a predetermined temperature or
less, control is performed for reducing the NO.sub.X amount
exhausted from the engine body.
[0171] At step 141, it is judged if the amount of catalyst metal of
the NO.sub.X holding material is a predetermined remainder judgment
value or less. When at step 141 the amount of catalyst metal of the
NO.sub.X holding material is greater than the predetermined
remainder judgment value, this control is ended. When the amount of
catalyst metal is the predetermined remainder judgment value or
less, the routine proceeds to step 142.
[0172] At step 142, it is judged if the temperature of the NO.sub.X
holding material is a predetermined temperature judgment value or
less.
[0173] FIG. 23 shows a graph explaining the relationship of the
NO.sub.X holding material bed temperature and the NO.sub.X holdable
amount. A graph for when the scatter amount of the catalyst metal
is zero is shown by one dot-chain line. Further, a graph for after
a predetermined amount of catalyst metal has scattered is shown by
a solid line.
[0174] It will be understood that due to the catalyst metal
scattering, the maximum amount that the NO.sub.X holding material
can hold, that is, the NO.sub.X holdable amount, falls. It will be
understood that the drop in the NO.sub.X holdable amount is large
at the region where the bed temperature of the NO.sub.X holding
material is low. In the present embodiment, a temperature judgment
value is set in advance. For this temperature judgment value, it is
possible to select the point where, for example, the NO.sub.X
holdable amount becomes smaller than a predetermined value at the
time when a predetermined amount of the catalyst metal
scatters.
[0175] Referring to FIG. 22, when at step 142 the bed temperature
of the NO.sub.X holding material is larger than the temperature
judgment value for performing exhausted NO.sub.X reduction control,
this control is ended. When the bed temperature of the NO.sub.X
holding material is the temperature judgment value or less, the
routine proceeds to step 143. At step 143, exhausted NO.sub.X
reduction control is performed to reduce the NO.sub.X amount
exhausted from the engine body. In the exhausted NO.sub.X reduction
control in the present embodiment, the recirculation rate (EGR
rate) of the engine body is increased.
[0176] FIG. 24 is a graph showing the relationship of the
recirculation rate of the engine body and the NO.sub.X amount
exhausted from the engine body. The abscissa is the recirculation
rate, and the ordinate is the NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the
engine body per unit time. The recirculation rate is the ratio of
flow rate of the recirculated exhaust gas to all gas flowing into
the combustion chamber (recirculation rate=(recirculation exhaust
gas amount)/(recirculation exhaust gas amount+intake air amount)).
If the proportion of the exhaust gas increases, the recirculation
rate increases. It will be understood that the NO.sub.X amount
exhausted from the engine body decreases if the recirculation rate
increases.
[0177] Referring to FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, the
recirculated exhaust gas amount is increased by increasing the
opening degree of the EGR control valve 19 arranged in the EGR
passage 18. Because the NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the engine
body 1 drops, the outflow of NO.sub.X from the NO.sub.X holding
material 13 can be suppressed even when the NO.sub.X purification
ability of the NO.sub.X holding material 13 drops.
[0178] FIG. 25 shows a time chart of the first operational control
in the present embodiment. FIG. 25 is a time chart immediately
after the engine body is started up. For example, immediately after
the engine body 1 is started up, the bed temperature of the
NO.sub.X holding material is low. The NO.sub.X holding material
temperature gradually rises with the startup of the engine body. At
the time t.sub.1, the NO.sub.X holding material bed temperature
reaches the temperature judgment value.
[0179] In the example shown in FIG. 25, the NO.sub.X holding
material has an amount of catalyst metal of the predetermined
remainder judgment value or less. In the first operational control,
exhausted NO.sub.X reduction control is performed until the time
t.sub.1. That is, the recirculation rate of the engine body 1 is
increased. Because the recirculation rate is increased until the
time t.sub.1, the NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the engine body
can be suppressed. At the time t.sub.1, the bed temperature of the
NO.sub.X holding material reaches the temperature judgment value,
so the recirculation rate at the time of normal operation is
returned to.
[0180] Thus, the less the amount of catalyst metal remaining in the
NO.sub.X holding material, the more the NO.sub.X amount exhausted
from the engine body can be reduced. In the present embodiment,
when the amount of catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material
is the remainder judgment value or less, the recirculation rate is
increased by exactly a predetermined amount, however, the invention
is not limited to this. The NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the
engine body may also be adjusted according to the amount of the
catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X holding material. For example, a
plurality of remainder judgment values may be set and control
performed to gradually reduce the NO.sub.X amount exhausted from
the engine body as the amount of catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X
holding material decreases.
[0181] In the first operational control in the present embodiment,
exhausted NO.sub.X reduction control is performed when the bed
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material is the temperature
judgment value or less. The first operational control is not
limited to this. For example, a plurality of temperature judgment
values may be set and control performed to gradually reduce the
NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the engine body as the bed
temperature of the NO.sub.X holding material drops.
[0182] FIG. 26 shows a flowchart of the second operational control
in the present embodiment. The second operational control shown in
the FIG. 26 can be repeated every predetermined time period for
example. In the second operational control, when the catalyst metal
of the NO.sub.X holding material scatters and there is a request to
accelerate the vehicle speed, exhausted NO.sub.X reduction control
is performed to reduce the NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the
engine body.
[0183] At step 146, it is judged if the amount of catalyst metal of
the NO.sub.X holding material is the remainder judgment value or
less. When at step 146 the amount of catalyst metal of the NO.sub.X
holding material is greater than the remainder judgment value, this
control is ended. When at step 146 the amount of catalyst metal of
the NO.sub.X holding material is the remainder judgment value or
less, the routine proceeds to step 147.
[0184] At step 147, it is judged if there is an acceleration
request for the vehicle. In the present embodiment, it is judged if
the depression amount of the accelerator pedal is a depression
judgment value or more. Referring to FIG. 1, the depression amount
of the accelerator pedal 40 can be detected by the load sensor 41.
When the depression amount of the accelerator pedal 40 is lower
than the depression judgment value, this control is ended. When the
depression amount of the accelerator pedal is the depression
judgment amount or more, the routine proceeds to step 148.
[0185] At step 148, exhausted NO.sub.X reduction control is
performed. As the exhausted NO.sub.X reduction control, in the same
way as the first operational control of the present embodiment, the
NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the engine body is reduced by
control increasing the recirculation rate of the engine body.
[0186] FIG. 27 is a graph showing the relationship of the NO.sub.X
amount inflowing to the NO.sub.X holding material and the NO.sub.X
purification rate of the NO.sub.X holding material. The graph for
when the scatter amount of the catalyst metal is zero is shown by
the one dot-dash line, while the graph after a predetermined amount
of catalyst metal has scattered is shown by the solid line. When
the NO.sub.X amount flowing into the NO.sub.X holding material is
low, a substantially constant NO.sub.X purification rate is
exhibited. However, if the NO.sub.X amount flowing into the
NO.sub.X holding material increases, the purification speed of the
NO.sub.X holding material becomes insufficient and the NO.sub.X
purification rate drops. Further, it will be understood that due to
the catalyst metal scattering, the NO.sub.X purification rate
drops.
[0187] When there is an acceleration request, the NO.sub.X amount
exhausted per unit time increases. For example, the engine
rotational frequency of the engine body increases and the NO.sub.X
amount exhausted from the engine body per unit time increases. In
the present embodiment, when the depression amount of the
accelerator pedal is the depression judgment value or more, control
is performed to reduce the NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the
engine body.
[0188] FIG. 28 shows a time chart of the second operational control
in the present embodiment. Until the time t.sub.1, normal operation
is performed. In the period from the time t.sub.1 to the time
t.sub.2, the depression amount of the accelerator pedal becomes
larger. From the time t.sub.1 to the time t.sub.2, the vehicle
speed increases.
[0189] At the time t.sub.1, the depression amount of the
accelerator pedal becomes the depression judgment value or more. By
depressing the accelerator pedal 40, the opening degree of the
throttle valve 10 increases and the intake air amount increases.
Therefore, the recirculation rate drops. In the present embodiment,
control is performed so that the drop of the recirculation rate
becomes smaller. That is, the recirculation rate is increased in
the period from the time t.sub.1 to the time t.sub.2 so that the
recirculation rate becomes larger than when exhausted NO.sub.X
reduction control is not performed. By performing this control, the
NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the engine body can be made smaller,
and the NO.sub.X amount flowing out from the NO.sub.X holding
material can be suppressed.
[0190] In the second operational control in the present embodiment,
when the depression amount of the accelerator pedal is the
depression judgment value or more, exhausted NO.sub.X reduction
control is performed. The second operational control is not limited
to this. For example, a plurality of depression judgment values may
be set and control performed to reduce the NO.sub.X amount
exhausted from the engine body gradually the larger the depression
amount of the accelerator pedal.
[0191] The exhaust purification system in the present embodiment
reduces the NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the engine body when in
an operating state where the catalyst metal scatters from the
NO.sub.X holding material and the NO.sub.X is liable to flow out
from the NO.sub.X holding material. With this configuration, it is
possible to suppress the outflow of NO.sub.X from the NO.sub.X
holding material. Further, it is possible to suppress the outflow
of NO.sub.X from the exhaust purification system of the internal
combustion engine.
[0192] In the exhausted NO.sub.X reduction control in the present
embodiment, control increasing the recirculation rate in the engine
body is performed, however, the invention is not limited to this.
Any control that reduces the NO.sub.X exhausted from the engine
body may be performed. For example, the fuel injection timing in
the combustion chamber may be retarded. For example, by retarding
the injection timing of the main injection, the fuel temperature at
the time of fuel combustion drops, and the NO.sub.X amount created
can be reduced.
[0193] Further, in the present embodiment, control is performed to
reduce the NO.sub.X amount exhausted from the engine body when the
catalyst metal scatters and a predetermined NO.sub.X amount flows
out from the NO.sub.X holding material, however, the invention is
not limited to this. Exhausted NO.sub.X reduction control may be
performed at any time when the catalyst metal scatters. For
example, control may be performed reducing the NO.sub.X amount
exhausted from the engine body gradually according to the scatter
amount of the catalyst metal.
[0194] In the present embodiment, the exhaust purification system
of an internal combustion engine in the first embodiment was used
as an example for the explanation, however, the invention is not
limited to this. The invention can be applied to any exhaust
purification system of an internal combustion engine provided with
an NO.sub.X holding material.
[0195] The rest of the configuration, actions, and effects are
similar to those of either of the first to third embodiments, so
the explanations are not repeated here.
[0196] The above embodiments can be appropriately combined. In the
above drawings, the same or corresponding parts are assigned the
same reference numerals. Note that, the above embodiments are
illustrative and do not limit the present invention. Further, in
the embodiments, modifications included in the claims are
intended.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
[0197] 1 engine body [0198] 2 combustion chamber [0199] 13 NO.sub.X
holding material [0200] 14 NO.sub.X selective reducing catalyst
[0201] 16 particulate filter [0202] 17 NO.sub.X storage reduction
catalyst [0203] 30 electronic control unit [0204] 48 catalyst
carrier [0205] 49 catalyst metal
* * * * *