U.S. patent application number 12/745095 was filed with the patent office on 2011-01-27 for training device.
Invention is credited to Winston Dean John Byblow, Raymond Wayne Prikkel, James William Stinear.
Application Number | 20110021955 12/745095 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40679181 |
Filed Date | 2011-01-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110021955 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Byblow; Winston Dean John ;
et al. |
January 27, 2011 |
Training Device
Abstract
This invention relates to a device for controlling of movement
of limbs of a user in a substantially mirror symmetrical manner, a
user's limb or limbs being held in position via support arms, said
device comprising a bar (or bars) adapted to move about a point of
rotation, said bar (or bars) having a first end and a second end,
said ends separated by the point of rotation, a first support
arm(s) operatively coupled at or towards one end of said bar and a
second support arm(s) operatively coupled at or towards a different
end of the bar wherein the first and second support arms are
adapted to substantially support and/or hold the limbs of a user of
said device, the first and second support arms and the bar (or
bars) configured such that, in use, as the bar (or bars) rotate(s)
the supports arms move in a substantially tandem synchronised
manner with respect to each other.
Inventors: |
Byblow; Winston Dean John;
(Auckland, NZ) ; Stinear; James William; (Chicago,
IL) ; Prikkel; Raymond Wayne; (Auckland, NZ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DANN, DORFMAN, HERRELL & SKILLMAN
1601 MARKET STREET, SUITE 2400
PHILADELPHIA
PA
19103-2307
US
|
Family ID: |
40679181 |
Appl. No.: |
12/745095 |
Filed: |
November 28, 2008 |
PCT Filed: |
November 28, 2008 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/NZ2008/000323 |
371 Date: |
October 6, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
601/5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61H 1/0274 20130101;
A61H 1/00 20130101; A61H 2201/1276 20130101; G09B 19/003
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
601/5 |
International
Class: |
A61H 1/02 20060101
A61H001/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 30, 2007 |
NZ |
563921 |
Claims
1. A device for controlling of movement of limbs of a user in a
substantially mirror symmetrical manner, a user's limb or limbs
being held in position via support arms, said device comprising: a
bar (or bars) adapted to move about a point of rotation, said bar
(or bars) having a first end and a second end, said ends separated
by the point of rotation, a first support arm(s) operatively
coupled at or towards one end of said bar and a second support
arm(s) operatively coupled at or towards a different end of the bar
wherein the first and second support arms are adapted to
substantially support and/or hold the limbs of a user of said
device, the first and second support arms and the bar (or bars)
configured such that, in use, as the bar (or bars) rotate(s) the
supports arms move in a substantially tandem synchronised manner
with respect to each other.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, with respect to each
other, the support arm(s) is controlled to move in a substantially
mirror symmetrical manner.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the bar is
or are one or more of: a flywheel including an eccentrically
mounted flywheel, an unequal distribution of mass about a
longitudinal length.
4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support arm(s) has
a distal and a proximal end, the proximal end operatively coupled
to the bar(s).
5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the distal ends of the
support arm(s) pivots about a fixed point of rotation.
6. The device as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the support
arm(s) is articulated and/or pivotable about a point between the
distal and proximal ends of each of the support arms.
7. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support arm(s) is
an articulated linkage.
8. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bar comprises one
or more magnetic devices having an opposing magnetic field to one
or more other magnetic devices located upon a substrate to which
the device is attached.
9. The device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the one or more other
magnetic devices are located in a substantially commensurate
position or proximity to the bar's opposing magnetic devices that
the respective magnetic fields oppose and interfere with one
another.
10. The device as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the
magnetic devices are operatively controlled such that generated
electromagnetic pulses assist with a rotational propulsion of the
bar.
11. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a direct drive means
is connected to the bar(s) or to one or both of the support
arms.
12. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the direct drive
means initiates or assists with rotation of the bar, the direct
drive means comprising one or more of the following: an electric
motor, a manually manipulated drive handle, such as a crank
operated by a third party (i.e. a non-user of the device).
13. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support arms
comprise a limb support(s) adapted to substantially support and/or
hold and/or position the limb(s) of a user of said device.
14. The device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the limb supports
comprises a static part and a moveable part.
15. The device as claimed in claim 14, wherein the moveable part is
connected to the support arms by a pivoting joint.
16. The device as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the
static part is configured to receive a first portion of a user's
limb(s) in a fixed position relative to the device.
17. The device as claimed in claim 14 or 15, wherein the moveable
part is configured to receive a second portion of the user's
limb(s) in a position moveable relative to the device.
18. The device as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the
static part and moveable part are configured relative each other to
allow a user to immobilise a first portion of a limb in a static
position and to immobilise a second portion of the users limb in
the moveable part, the moveable part moveable by the first or
second or both support arms.
19. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bar(s) and the
support arm(s) are arranged such that the bar moves through at
least a 360.degree. revolution uninhibited.
20. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first support arm
is operatively coupled at or towards one end of said bar on a first
side of the bar and a second support arm(s) is operatively coupled
at or towards a different end of the bar and on a different or
opposite side of the bar.
21. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in use, a rotational
movement of the bar or bars is generated by imputing a driving
force to one or both of the support arms sufficient to initiate
and/or maintain rotational movement of said bar about the point of
rotation.
22. The device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a counter,
the counter indicative of a number of mirror symmetrical limb
movements performed by the device or the user.
23. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is
portable.
24. A device for controlling of movement of limbs of a user in a
substantially mirror symmetrical manner, a user's limb or limbs
being held in position via support arms, said device comprising: a
bar (or bars) adapted to move about a point of rotation, said bar
(or bars) having a first end and a second end, said ends separated
by the point of rotation, a first support arm(s) operatively
coupled at or towards one end of said bar and a second support
arm(s) operatively coupled at or towards a different end of the bar
wherein the first and second support arms are adapted to
substantially support and/or hold the limbs of a user of said
device, the first and second support arms and the bar (or bars)
configured such that, in use, as the bar (or bars) rotate(s) the
supports arms move in a substantially tandem synchronised manner
with respect to each other, and wherein the bar comprises one or
more magnetic devices having an opposing magnetic field to one or
more other magnetic devices located upon a substrate to which the
device is attached.
25. The device as claimed in claim 24, wherein the one or more
other magnetic devices are located in a substantially commensurate
position or proximity to the bar's opposing magnetic devices that
the respective magnetic fields oppose and interfere with one
another.
26. (canceled)
27. A method of moving limbs of a user comprising the steps of:
providing a device as claimed in claim 1 or claim 24; supporting
limbs of a user in said device; and operating said device to
control movement of the user's limbs in a substantially mirror
symmetrical manner.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a training device and in
particular, though not solely, to a device which is adapted to
provide substantially mirror symmetrical movement of at least a
pair of opposing support arms.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
[0002] Rehabilitation of motor skilled impaired limbs is a
desirable outcome following such impairment. For example, a stroke
may be an acute clinical event, related to impairment of cerebral
circulation. Acute neurologic deficits resulting from circulatory
impairment can involve irreversible brain damage. The type and
severity of the symptoms of such brain damage depend on a number of
factors, including the location and extent of the brain tissue
whose circulation has been compromised. The outcome of a stroke may
vary from minimal impairment to rapid onset of coma followed by
death.
[0003] Studies have shown that the incidence of stroke may be
elevated by factors such as, hypertension, valvular heart disease,
atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cigarette
smoking, and a familial history of stroke. Medicine is evolving
efforts to try to prevent and/or minimize the risk factors
associated with stroke. Unfortunately, these are preventative
measures which do not address the rehabilitative needs of a stroke
patient. Post-stroke rehabilitation ideally provides an environment
and experience which focuses the restorative processes in the brain
along the continuum of recovery.
[0004] It has been argued that bilateral movements performed in
synchrony can generate neural facilitation between the cerebral
hemispheres controlling the non-paretic and paretic upper-limbs.
However, it not unusual for patients to have difficulty actively
moving the paretic upper limb due to weakness, or other
complicating factors like pasticity. Active-Passive Bilateral
Therapy (APBT) relies upon a device which mechanically couples the
two hands. Using APBT, stroke patients actively produce rhythmic
flexion-extension of the non-paretic wrist, and mirror-symmetric
movements of the paretic hand are generated through a mechanical
linkage that confers an inertial advantage. During active-passive
bilateral wrist flexion-extension movements, there is a measurable
reduction in inhibition within the motor cortex of the passive
(stroke affected) hemisphere. This reduction in inhibition is
thought to arise from synchronous somatosensory feedback generated
in both hemispheres by use of the device, such that the upper limbs
become "functionally coupled". "Disinhibition" is a
neurophysiological context which has been shown to facilitate
plastic reorganisation (or re-wiring of cells) within the motor
cortex. There is mounting neurophysiological evidence that APBT
promotes disinhibition and re-balancing of motor cortex function in
chronic stroke patients who also showed improved of upper limb
function after a period of self-administered therapy preceded by
APBT.
[0005] The use of any system which encourages re-training of brain
functionality to in turn promote increased physical control of such
an impaired limb is desirable. Where the patient of a stroke has a
resultant physical impairment, such as reduced motor capabilities
of a limb (for example, arm, wrist, foot, fingers or leg movement
etc), re-training of brain functionality for limb control may be
assisted by repetitive movements.
[0006] In a paper entitled `Rhythmic Bilateral Movement Training
Modulates Corticomotor Excitability and Enhances Upper Limb
Motricity Poststroke: A Pilot Study` (J Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 21:
124-131), it is hypothesised that simultaneous activation of
homologous muscles may promote the recovery of the function of an
affected limb following a stroke. For example, bi-manual
rehabilitation of opposing limbs appears to hold merit with
rehabilitation efforts, for example in the re-training of brain
function. Attention has been focused on systems of physical
exercises which are based on small and/or repeated movement.
Further, allowing a stroke patient to practice, repeatedly, the
necessary movements required of a limb following impairment of such
a limb may encourage the treatment of physical reconditioning and
mental redevelopment. This may enable the patient to at least gain
some, or an increased level of control over the impaired limb.
[0007] A device which can assist with creating or providing the
above beneficial repetitive movement would be advantageous.
[0008] Therefore, one object of the present invention may be to
provide a device which allows stroke patients to move their limbs,
such as their hands, in way which causes changes in the balance of
inhibition and excitation in the brain, allowing it to respond
better to use of the affected hand after using such a device.
[0009] A further object of the present invention may be to provide
a training or rehabilitative device which will go at least some way
towards addressing the foregoing problems or which will at least
provide the industry with a useful choice.
[0010] In this specification where reference has been made to
patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources
of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a
context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless
specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents
is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such
sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form
part of the common general knowledge in the art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention
consists in a device comprising at least two supports, said
supports being opposed to one another and configured such that
operation of said device provides a substantially tandem
synchronised or mirror symmetrical movement of each support arm
with respect to each other.
[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention consists in a
device for controlling of movement of limbs of a user in a
substantially mirror symmetrical manner, a user's limb or limbs
being held in position via support arms, said device comprising:
[0013] a bar (or bars) adapted to move about a point of rotation,
said bar (or bars) having a first end and a second end, said ends
separated by the point of rotation, [0014] a first support arm(s)
operatively coupled at or towards one end of said bar and a second
support arm(s) operatively coupled at or towards a different end of
the bar [0015] wherein the first and second support arms are
adapted to substantially support and/or hold the limbs of a user of
said device, [0016] the first and second support arms and the bar
(or bars) configured such that, in use, as the bar (or bars)
rotate(s) the supports arms move in a substantially tandem
synchronised manner with respect to each other.
[0017] In a third aspect, the present invention consists in a
device for controlling of movement of limbs of a user in a
substantially mirror symmetrical manner, a user's limb or limbs
being held in position via support arms, said device comprising:
[0018] a bar (or bars) adapted to move about a point of rotation,
said bar (or bars) having a first end and a second end, said ends
separated by the point of rotation, [0019] a first support arm(s)
operatively coupled at or towards one end of said bar and a second
support arms) operatively coupled at or towards a different end of
the bar [0020] wherein the first and second support arms are
adapted to substantially support and/or hold the limbs of a user of
said device, [0021] the first and second support arms and the bar
(or bars) configured such that, in use, as the bar (or bars)
rotate(s) the supports arms move in a substantially tandem
synchronised manner with respect to each other, and [0022] wherein
the bar comprises one or more magnetic devices having an opposing
magnetic field to one or more other magnetic devices located upon a
substrate to which the device is attached.
[0023] In a further aspect, the present invention consists in the
use of the device according to any one of the first, second or
third aspects.
[0024] Preferably, with respect to each other, the support arms are
controlled to move in a substantially mirror symmetrical
manner.
[0025] Preferably, the point of rotation of the bar is a pivot
point.
[0026] According to the present invention, more than one bar may be
utilised in the device. For the purposes of this specification,
reference to a first end and to a second end of a first bar also
refers to the same first and second ends of a second (or more) bars
used in the device. The bar (where a single bar is utilised), one
of the bars (where 2 or more bars are utilised) or any combination
of all of the bars (where more than 2 bars are utilised), may
preferably be configured to operate as a flywheel or may be an
eccentrically mounted flywheel.
[0027] Alternatively, the bar(s) may be an off-balance flywheel, or
the bar(s) may have a centroid positioned at a different location
to the point of rotation. Another alternative might be that the
bar(s) may be weighted such that one end is heavier than the other
or where the mass of the bar(s) is (are) of an unequal
distribution. Preferably also, the bar or bars have a relatively
high inertia, such that once the bar or bars are caused to rotate,
they may continue to rotate without any significant input from a
user or via any other means.
[0028] Preferably, the first support arm(s) is operatively coupled
at or towards one end of said bar on a first side of the bar and a
second support arms) is operatively coupled at or towards a
different end of the bar and on a different or opposite side of the
bar.
[0029] Preferably, the bar(s) can be rectangular or circular or
square in longitudinal cross-section.
[0030] Preferably, the support arms comprise a limb support adapted
to substantially support and/or hold and/or position the limb(s) of
a user of said device.
[0031] Preferably, the limb supports may be adjustable to fit the
dimensions of a user's limbs) and/or may further comprise a limb
securing means. More preferably, the limb securing means may be one
or more adjustable straps, for example the type such as hook and
loop straps or other releasable attachment systems.
[0032] Preferably, the limb supports are adjustable in length and
width.
[0033] Preferably, the limb supports may be of a customized
moulding or shape configured or a customizable moulding or shape
configurable to the user's limb(s).
[0034] Preferably, the limb supports may be adjustable to fit the
dimensions of a user's limb(s).
[0035] Preferably, the support arms have a distal and a proximal
end, the proximal end being that which may be operatively coupled
to the bar(s). More preferably, the distal ends of the support arms
may pivot about a fixed point of rotation. Even more preferably,
the limb supports may be positioned substantially toward or at the
distal ends of the support arms.
[0036] Preferably, the limb supports may comprise a static part and
a moveable part.
[0037] Preferably, the moveable part may be moveable relative the
static part. More preferably, the moveable part may be connected to
the support arms.
[0038] Preferably, the moveable part is connected to the support
arms by a pivoting joint.
[0039] Preferably, the static part may be configured to receive a
first portion of a user's limb(s) in a fixed position relative the
device.
[0040] Preferably, the moveable part may be configured to receive a
second portion of the user's limb(s) in a position moveable
relative the device.
[0041] Preferably, the static part and moveable part may be
configured relative each other to allow a user to immobilise a
first portion of a limb in a static position and to immobilise a
second portion of the users limb in the moveable part, the moveable
part moveable by the first or second or both support arms.
[0042] Preferably, the static part and the moveable part receive
and immobilise at least a portion of a user's limb(s).
[0043] Preferably, the static part may comprise a limb securing
means.
[0044] Preferably, the static part is an L-shape or U-shape for
receiving a portion of the user's limb.
[0045] Preferably, the static part receives a forearm portion of a
user.
[0046] Preferably, the moveable part receives a wrist and/or hand
portion of a user.
[0047] Preferably, one or more pegs or grips or both are located on
the static part or the moveable part. Optionally, pegs and/or grips
are located on both the static part and the moveable part to locate
a portion of a user's limb.
[0048] Preferably, the pegs or grips may be position or shape
adjustable. Optionally, the pegs or grips may locate a user's limb
or provide sympathetic anatomic location or positioning of a user's
limb or a portion of a user's limb. The pegs or grips may
optionally also be used as a hand grip.
[0049] Preferably, the support arms may be an articulated linkage.
More preferably, the support arms are articulated and/or pivoting
about a point between the distal and proximal ends of each of the
support arms.
[0050] Preferably, the bar(s) and the support arms are arranged
such that the bar may move through at least a 360.degree.
revolution uninhibited.
[0051] Preferably, the bar(s) and the support arms may be arranged
in a substantially sandwich or spaced configuration. More
preferably, the sandwich or spaced configuration may be a laterally
spaced arrangement of each of the bar(s) and the support arms.
[0052] Preferably, the laterally spaced arrangement may be, in
order of lateral spacing, the first support arm (or the second
support arm), the bar(s), the second support arm (or the first
support arm). More preferably, the support arms may be disposed
from one another having the bar(s) located therebetween. In such an
arrangement the first and second support arms may preferably be
operatively coupled (towards) or substantially at different ends of
the bar(s).
[0053] Alternatively, in another preferred configuration, the
laterally spaced arrangement may be, in order of lateral spacing, a
first bar(s), the first support arm (or the second support arm), a
second bar(s), the second support arm (or the first support arm).
In such an embodiment the first bar may have the first support arm
operatively coupled to the first end of the first bar. The second
bar may be operatively coupled to the second end (an end which is
substantially different to the first end of the first bar) of the
second bar. The second bar may be connected to the first bar in a
manner which ensures that the first and second bars move in tandem
with one another. For example, such a connection would be a static
coupling.
[0054] In one particular embodiment of such a connection between
the first and the second bars, the (static coupling) connection may
be made at the first end of the bar and may extend internally
through the operative coupling which connects the first support arm
to the first bar. For example, a connection between the first and
the second bars is made at the first end of the bar extending
internally through the operative coupling connecting the first
support aim to the first bar. In this example, the operative
coupling is a rotational or pivoting coupling about which the first
bar and first support arm are adjoined and which houses an internal
coupling which statically connects the first bar to the second bar.
In this manner, as the first and second bars are connected with one
another, any movement of either the first or the second bar means
the other bar will also move.
[0055] Advantageously, such configurations allow the support arms
to rotate about their respective operative coupling to the bar(s).
Such an operative coupling may be via a pivoting joint or
connection. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
any such suitable coupling or joint may be appropriate which
facilitates the support arms and bar(s) moving with respect to,
each other such that a force imputed by a user to a (or both)
support arms is substantially transmitted to the bar(s). Likewise,
rotation of the bar(s) about the rotational point (or pivot) should
have a causal impact upon the manner of movement which is imparted
to the support arms and consequentially upon the limb supports.
[0056] The bar may be of a longitudinal disposition in which the
first and second ends are substantially distal of one another,
separated by the bar pivot. Alternatively, the bar may be of any
suitable shape, so long as the first and second support arms are
appropriately operatively coupled to the bar which enables and
controls the support arms to move in a substantially mirror
symmetrical manner.
[0057] Preferably, in use, rotational movement of the bar is
generated by imputing a driving force to one or both of the support
arms and/or one or of the limb supports. More preferably, the force
is substantially sufficient to initiate and/or maintain rotational
movement of said bar about said pivot. Even more preferably, the
driving force applied is sufficient to overcome any frictional
loses.
[0058] From an alternative perspective, as the support arms are
operatively connected via the bar(s), the application of a driving
force to (at least) one of the support arms will operate the device
such that the remaining (or other) support arm is moved in a
substantially tandem manner. In particular, the support aims move
in a mirror symmetrical manner with respect to each other. The
motion of the support arms is transmitted to the bar(s) resulting
in the application of a torque to the bat(s) about the point of
rotation (or pivot point). The bar(s) are caused to rotate. In this
manner, where the bar(s) are of a flywheel or similar
configuration, once sufficient rotational momentum of the bar(s) is
achieved, the momentum may desirably be sufficient to help maintain
bar(s) rotation and thereby movement of the support arms.
[0059] Preferably, low friction material may be utilised between
any joint or pivoting part of the device. More preferably, low
frictional couplings and connections are utilised which enable the
bar or bars to freely rotate once momentum has been provided. Even
more preferably, the bar or bars have a relatively high inertia
such that, in use, once the bar or bars are rotating, there may be
substantially minimal frictional losses from the device.
[0060] Preferably, said support arms and/or the bar further
comprise a torque assisting or gearing system enabling minimum user
force input to achieve bar(s) rotation. More preferably, such a
torque assist or gearing system is configured to reduce the input
force required to initiate and/or maintain rotation of the bar.
[0061] Preferably, the bar may comprise one or more magnetic
devices having an opposing magnetic field to one or more other
magnetic devices located upon a substrate to which the device may
itself be attached. Preferably, the one or more other magnetic
devices are located in a substantially commensurate position or
proximity to the bar's opposing magnetic devices that the
respective magnetic fields oppose and interfere with one another.
For example, the one or more other magnetic devices are located in
a substantially commensurate position or proximity such that the
respective magnetic fields of those magnetic devices upon the bar
and the substrate oppose and interfere with one another. Such
magnetic field interference preferably yields propulsion of the bar
which may aid rotational movement. For example, fixed earth or
permanent magnets may be utilised, all either being N-N
(North-North) relationships or S-S (South-South) relationships.
Alternatively, the magnetic means may be an electromagnetic system.
Such a system may be operatively controlled such that that
generated electromagnetic pulses are generated which are used to
assist with the rotational propulsion of the bar.
[0062] Alternatively, the one or more magnetic means may preferably
be used to prevent a "stall" configuration of the bar(s) and
support arms. In other words, the positioning of the one or more
magnetic devices may be such that application of a driving force to
the bar(s) via the support arms is transmitted in a manner which
results in application of torque to the bar(s). For example, the
magnetic devices preferably ensure that the direction of the forces
applied to the bar(s) via the support arms may not be substantially
aligned.
[0063] In another alternative, preferably a direct drive means is
connected to the bar(s) or to one or both of the support arms. For
example, rotation of the bar may be initiated or assisted by
provision of a direct drive means. Preferably, such a direct drive
means may comprise an electric motor means or may comprise a
manually manipulated drive handle, such as a crank, operated by a
third party (i.e. a non-user of the device). Such a direct drive
means may be connected to the bar(s) or to one or both of the
support arms.
[0064] Preferably, the device comprises a surface having a working
side and an operational side. More preferably, the working side
locates the limb supports and the operational side locates the bar
or bars and the first and second support arms.
[0065] Preferably, the device comprising a counter, the counter
being indicative of a number of mirror symmetrical limb movements
performed by the device or the user. More preferably, the counter
is selected one or more of: a mechanical counter, an electrical or
digital display counter, the counter receiving mirror symmetrical
limb movement information via a sensor. Even more preferably,
wherein the sensor is a mechanical or a digital or an optical
sensing system.
[0066] Preferably, the device is portable.
[0067] Preferably, the device has a handle or handles. For example,
these may be device carry handles.
[0068] As used herein the term "and/or" means "and" or "or", or
both.
[0069] As used herein "(s)" following a noun means the plural
and/or singular forms of the noun.
[0070] The term "comprising" as used in this specification means
"consisting at least in part of". When interpreting each statement
in this specification that includes the term "comprising", features
other than that or those prefaced by the term may also be present.
Related terms such as "comprise" and "comprises" are to be
interpreted in the same manner.
[0071] This invention may also be said to broadly to consist in the
parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the
specification of the application, individually or collectively, and
any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or
features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which
have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates,
such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if
individually set forth.
[0072] The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages
constructions of which the following gives examples only.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0073] Further aspects of the present invention and other preferred
embodiments may become apparent from the following description
which is given by way of example only and with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
[0074] FIG. 1A is a plan view from underneath one embodiment of a
device according to the invention, in a partially rotated
position,
[0075] FIG. 1B is a plan view from underneath the embodiment of the
device according to FIG. 1A, in a further rotated position,
[0076] FIG. 1C is a further rotated view of the device according to
FIGS. 1A and/or 1B,
[0077] FIG. 1D is an even further rotated view of the device
according to any one of FIGS. 1A, 1B and/or 1C,
[0078] FIG. 2 is a plan perspective view of one embodiment of a
device according to the invention,
[0079] FIG. 3 is a plan view of one embodiment of a device
according to the invention,
[0080] FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of one embodiment of a
device according to the invention,
[0081] FIG. 5 is a cut-away perspective view from the top side of
one embodiment of a device according to the invention,
[0082] FIG. 6 is another embodiment of the device according to FIG.
5,
[0083] FIG. 7A is a sectional elevation view from the rear of one
embodiment of a device according to the invention,
[0084] FIG. 7B is an enlarged view of the section circumscribed in
FIG. 7A,
[0085] FIG. 8A is a sectional side elevation view of one embodiment
of a device according to the invention,
[0086] FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of the section circumscribed in
FIG. 8A,
[0087] FIG. 9 is a partial elevation view of a partial segment of
another embodiment according to the invention,
[0088] FIGS. 10A-10F illustrate a plan view of one embodiment of a
device according to the invention, in variously partially rotated
positions A-F,
[0089] FIG. 11 is a plan view of one embodiment of a device
according to the invention,
[0090] FIG. 12 is a cut-away plan view of one embodiment of a
device according to the invention,
[0091] FIG. 13 is a perspective cut-away view of another embodiment
of a device according to the invention,
[0092] FIG. 14A is a sectional elevation view from the rear of one
embodiment of a device according to the invention,
[0093] FIG. 14B is an enlarged view of the section circumscribed in
FIG. 14A,
[0094] FIG. 15A is a sectional side elevation view of one
embodiment of a device according to the invention, and
[0095] FIG. 15B is an enlarged view of the section circumscribed in
FIG. 15A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0096] The invention is designed to provide constrain the limb or
limbs of a user of the device in a manner which allows repetitious
substantially mirror symmetrical movement. The device is also
designed to substantially minimise the overall energy input
requirements of the user. Over compensatory physical stimulation of
one limb over the opposing limb is not preferred. Ideally, use of
the device aids in the rehabilitation of stroke patients who as a
consequence of the stroke have suffered reduced control of a limb
or limbs.
[0097] "Tandem synchronised movement" or "mirror symmetrical
movement" are terms used to describe the type of motion which the
limbs of a user of the device are subjected to when the device is
in operation. Such movement or motion is that in which the portions
of the support arms, such as the limb supports, which support the
limbs of a user are constrained by the device to allow a motion
such that the limb supports (and thus the user's limbs) are
controlled to move at the same time in an opposed manner. For
example, as a first support arm limb support moves towards a centre
line, so too does the second support arm limb support. The movement
of each support arm limb support mirrors that of the other. In this
manner, in use, a user's limbs are controlled to both substantially
simultaneously move in either a direction toward each other, or
substantially simultaneously move in a direction away from each
other.
[0098] In addition, where a user has only one limb, for example
where an amputee has had a stroke and is then using the device, the
term "tandem synchronised movement" or "mirror symmetrical
movement" refer to a "cyclical reciprocating movement" of the
single limb. Because of the design of the device, these terms also
describe the motion of the portions of the support arms which hold
a user's limb or limbs in position, with respect to each other.
This motion could also be described as a diametrically opposed
movement.
[0099] For example, where a user has two arms (the left and right
arm "limbs") held in position by the support arms, when the device
is in operation, the left and right arms are constrained by the
device to only move toward one another, or away from one another.
In one simplified example, as a user moves their left arm towards
the centreline of their body the mirror symmetrical movement would
be the right arm also moving towards the centreline of their body.
Thus, reference to "limbs" may also be used be used in relation to
a single limb.
[0100] It is considered that small and/or repeated cyclical
movement of limbs in a mirror symmetrical manner can beneficially
aid corticomotor excitability in post-stroke patients. Simultaneous
activation of homologous muscles may help promote the recovery of
the function of an affected limb from a stroke incident. It may
also help to re-train or further develop specific brain function
associated with movement of an impaired limb. In the invention it
is desirable to create a mirror symmetrical movement of opposing
limbs.
[0101] Such mirror symmetrical movement ensures that the muscle
groups required to move one of the limbs in one direction are the
same muscles groups which would normally be activated the second
(impaired) limb. It will be appreciated that the muscle groups
and/or control of such muscle groups may be compromised following a
stroke incident and that it is primarily the control of these
muscle groups which the device is preferably designed to
improve.
[0102] In one aspect, the invention is designed to aid in the
rehabilitation of control of stroke patient impaired limbs by the
repetitious cyclical movement of a user's limb or limbs. The
cyclical movement of a user's limb or limbs may help to retrain or
excite portions of the brain associated with the functional motion
and control of a limb, in particular of the impaired limb(s). The
cyclical movement referred to above is preferably a mirror
symmetrical movement.
[0103] A first embodiment of the invention shall now be described
with reference to FIGS. 1-9. The discussion below is applicable to
a second embodiment of the invention, for example illustrated with
reference to FIGS. 10-15B.
[0104] For the purposes of the discussion below it will be helpful
to note FIGS. 1A-1D illustrate a top view of a device (1) and FIGS.
10A-10F illustrate a bottom view of a device (1).
[0105] A device (1) is adapted for controlling or constraining the
movement of the limbs of a user (not shown) in a substantially
tandem synchronised or mirror symmetrical manner with respect to
each other. A user's limbs may be held in position via limb
supports (L) connected to the support arms (2). The device (1) has
a first bar (3) and a second bar (4) which are adapted to move
about a point of rotation, such as a pivot (5). Pivot (5) may be a
fixed point of rotation.
[0106] The first bar (3) has a first end (3A) and a second end
(3B). The second bar (4) has a first end (4A) and a second end
(4B). The first ends (3A, 4A) and the second ends (3B, 4B) of the
bars (3, 4) are separated by the point of rotation, such as pivot
(5).
[0107] There may be two support arms, a first support arm (2A) and
a second support arm (2B). The first support arm (2A) is
operatively coupled to the first end (3A) of the first bar (3),
while the second support arm (2B) is operatively coupled to the
second end (4B) of the second bar (4). These operative couplings
are shown as pivotal couplings (6) in the drawings.
[0108] The support arms (2) may also pivot about a fixed pivot
point (7). The support arms (2) have a distal end (8) and a
proximal end (9). In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A-1D, FIGS.
5-8, FIGS. 10A-10F, and FIGS. 12-15B the proximal end (9) is
operatively coupled to the bars (3, 4) and the distal end (8)
pivots about the fixed pivot point (7). The limb supports (L) are
positioned substantially toward or at the distal ends (8) of the
bars (3, 4).
[0109] The support arms (2) are also shown as being of an
articulated form, for the purposes of this description. An
articulated joint (10) is positioned between the distal end (8) and
the proximal end (9) of the support arms (2).
[0110] When a user applies a force to either one of or both of the
support anus (2A, 2B), for example in the direction indicated by
arrows F1 or F2, this force is substantially transmitted to an end
or ends (3A and/or 4B) of the bars (3, 4). This in turn generates a
torque on the bars (3, 4) about the pivot (5) and, if the torque is
sufficient to overcome frictional losses of the device (1), then
the bars (3, 4) are induced to rotate. The bars (3, 4) are enabled
to rotate either clockwise or anti-clockwise about the pivot (5).
The direction of rotation of the bars (3, 4) depends upon the
direction of the resultant torque applied to the bars (3, 4).
[0111] The bars (3, 4) are connected to each another such that they
move in tandem. The second bar (4) is connected to the first bar
(3) via a static coupling (details not shown) (11).
[0112] As the support an is (2A, 2B) are each coupled substantially
at or towards different ends of the bars (3, 4), the support arms
also move in a tandem manner with one another as the bar rotates.
As a consequence, an imputed force from a user to a support arm
directly causes the other support arm to also move.
[0113] Force can be applied directly to the support arms (2) by the
user. This is referred to as a direct input of force. Direct input
of force may also be combined with an indirect input of force to
the device. Indirect inputs may be provided either to one or both
of the support arms (2) and/or to one or both of the bars (3, 4).
Although not shown, such indirect force inputs may be, for example
provided by one or more of a motor means, a third party assisting
the user of the device, a crank handle attached to the bar (3) to
induce or assist with bar rotation, or any other such device which
reduces the total force required by a user to initiate rotation of
the bars (3, 4).
[0114] In another alternative, and which may be coupled or
synchronised with any one of the above force input means, an
electromagnetic means (also not shown) may be incorporated into the
device (1). For example, such an electromagnetic means can be used
to apply magnetic impulses to one or both of the bars (3, 4) and/or
to one or both of the support arms (2) in the form of magnetic
attraction/propulsion as needed. Such an electromagnetic means may
be used to assist a user with direct force inputs in order to
minimise the total direct input force required for operation of the
device (1).
[0115] Yet a further alternative may be the use of a set of one or
more permanent magnets (11) affixed to, or incorporated into the
bar or bars (3, 4) and a corresponding set of the same magnetic
field permanent magnets (13) affixed to, or incorporated into a
portion of, the device (1), such as a desk type arrangement (14).
The magnets being arranged and positioned such that as the bars (3,
4) rotate the magnetic fields of the magnets interfere with each
other given their commensurate magnetic polarities (i.e. all north
(N) or all south (S) magnets are used). Such a system could also be
an electromagnetic system such that the polarities of the magnets
are charged sequentially as the bar rotates in order to provide
both a "pull" of the bar towards the next magnetic position and
then a "push" or propulsion of the bar as it is appropriately
aligned with or near to the magnetic positions.
[0116] In another embodiment, the bars (3, 4) are an inertia or
momentum wheel. Advantageously, once the bars (3, 4) have been
provided with sufficient force to consequently initiate rotation,
the bars (3, 4) have sufficient inertia and momentum to continue in
rotation. Of course, there may be frictional losses in such a
system; however these are ideally minimised by the use of low
friction couplings, joints and suitable connections. Likewise,
lubricants can be utilised where appropriate to minimise friction
in the device. It is also considered that the inertia and thus
rotational momentum of the bars is sufficient such that once the
bars are caused to rotate, they shall continue to rotate with only
a minimal amount of further input force from a user (or other
means) to the device.
[0117] Minimising user fatigue of the device (1) is a preferred
outcome, especially as it is considered that a stroke patient using
such a device will be required to undertake many repetitions. It is
also a desirable outcome of using the device that the side of the
brain which is affected by a stroke is not over-exerted by driving
the device. Instead, it is preferred that the device allows a
"balance" between the two sides of the brain (left and right
hemispheres).
[0118] In the above manner, as with the remainder of the
description of the invention, it is a focus that a user is not
required to continually and substantially impute driving force into
the support arms (2) to maintain bar rotation. It is desired that
the user of the device is provided with repeated tandem
synchronised/mirror symmetrical movement of their limbs. More
advantageously, such repeated movement of limbs aids in the changes
in the balance of inhibition and excitation in the brain, allowing
it to respond better to use of the affected limb (such as a hand)
after using such a device (1).
[0119] The above systems are also beneficial as they can be
utilised to prevent "stall" positions between the bars (3, 4) and
support arms (2) from occurring. This is especially useful when the
device is in a static mode (i.e. unused and stationary) as then any
force applied via the support arms is able to be transmitted and
translated into a torque about the pivot (5) of the bars (3, 4). A
"stall" position would be when the bars (3, 4) and support arms (2)
are positioned in a manner such that the direction of force applied
to the bar from the support arms are aligned. Such as that where
the bars (3, 4) are at the rotated position B3 or B6. It is
desirable that, from a start or stationary position, the bars (3,
4) and support arms (2) are not in a stall position so that user
can, without setting up the device themselves, begin to operate the
device (1). In this manner, the device (1) would always be in an
appropriate bar (3, 4) and support arm (2) configuration.
[0120] It is also desirable that, in the case of permanent magnets
being used, the magnetic force is sufficiently minimal that is does
not have a significant impact or inhibition upon the rotation of
the bars (3, 4). This is a further example of where rotational
momentum of the bars (3, 4) may be advantageous. Ideally the
momentum of the bars (3, 4) is sufficient to carry the bars (3, 4)
past any magnetic interference during operation of the device (1),
but the magnetic interference is sufficient to propel the bars (3,
4) out of a stall position once the device (1) (more particularly
once the bars (3, 4) and support arms (2)) is stationary.
[0121] In the manner described above, both from direct force
inputs, indirect force inputs as well as from a combination of
both, the device (1) preferably minimises the total amount of
force/energy required to maintain the bars (3, 4) in rotation. This
may be further achieved by the use of low frictional materials,
such as PTFE (polytetrafluroethylene) and/or lubricants between
joints and couplings.
[0122] One or both of the bars (3, 4) may have an uneven weight
distribution, is an off-balance or eccentrically mounted flywheel.
It is envisaged that once the bars (3, 4) begin to rotate the bars
(3, 4) have sufficient momentum to act as a flywheel. Such a
flywheel effect allows a user of the device (1) to then only apply
small increments of force/energy to the device to maintain rotation
of the bars (3, 4). This is where low frictional contacts and/or
indirect force inputs may also be of assistance in maintaining bar
(3) rotation. In this manner, the user does not need to constantly
input a force which is equivalent to that required to begin
rotation of the bars (3, 4), consequently the user does not develop
over compensatory control or muscle development of the limb which
is (perhaps initially) providing most of the direct input
force.
[0123] FIG. 2 simply illustrates one particular embodiment of the
device's limb supports (L). The limb supports (L) are connected to
the support arms (2) in a manner which allows the transmission of
force applied by a user. A user can place their forearms, wrists
(i.e. limbs) within the cavities of the limb supports (L). Although
not shown, such limb supports (L) can also include adjustable
straps or be appropriately configured to be customised to a user's
limb shape. This may be particularly advantageous where many
repeated cycles of the device are undertaken, as is anticipated by
such a device. In this embodiment, the limb supports (L) are shown
as being located on the top side of for example, a desk or flat
surface (14).
[0124] FIGS. 10A-15B further illustrate limb supports (L)
comprising of a static part (L.sub.s) and a moveable part
(L.sub.m). The static part (L.sub.s) can locate a forearm portion
of a user's limb, while the moveable part (L.sub.m) can locate a
wrist or hand portion of the user's limb. Adjustable pegs or grips
(15) can be located on the static part or moveable parts. These
pegs or grips may be upstanding and position adjustable for
accommodating a user's limb. The pegs or grips (15) can also be
conformable to a user's limb dimensions. Anatomic fitment of a
user's limb may be particularly advantageous for comfort purposes
and for securely aiding to restrain a user's limb on the limb
support (L).
[0125] Advantageously, the pegs or grips (15) can be moved to
different positions on the limb supports (L), for example of the
moveable limb support (L.sub.m). Re-positioning of the pegs or
grips (15) can be achieved via locator holes into which the pegs or
grips can be inserted or screwed or otherwise connectably
attached.
[0126] Although not shown, a limb securing means (not shown) can
also be used to further restrain a user's limb on a limb support
(L). For example, a limb securing means may include a releasable
attachment system, such as an adjustable tensioning strap or a hook
and loop type strap arrangement.
[0127] The limb supports (L) or portions of the limb supports (L)
can be configured or can be conformable to a user's limb shape and
configuration. The pegs or grips (15) may assist in limb support
(L) configuration. In some embodiments, customised or moulded limb
supports (L) can be used with the device or may be retrofitted to
existing limb supports (L) of the device.
[0128] The static part (L.sub.s) is shown in an L-shaped
arrangement. Such an arrangement allows a portion of a user's limb,
for example a forearm, to be supported against the upright of the
L-shape and nestled into location by pegs or grips (15). The static
part (L.sub.s) is also position adjustable relative to the moveable
part (L.sub.m). The position of the static part (L.sub.s) is
adjustable via a series of locators. Locators can be in the form of
protrusions (18) extending from the substrate or desk (14) that
engage sympathetic portions (19, not shown) of the static part
(L.sub.s).
[0129] FIG. 3 also simply illustrates a plan view of the limb
supports (L) as they appear in FIG. 2.
[0130] FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the limb supports (L)
as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. It will be clear that a connection, such
as the fixed pivot point (7) is shown which connects the limb
supports (2) to the support arms (2).
[0131] FIGS. 1A-1D illustrate sequences of the bars (3, 4) as they
rotate and also the support arms (2) at variously rotated positions
as they move through their tandem synchronised/mirror symmetrically
constrained motion. From a stationary mode, the device of FIG. 1A
is caused to operate by the application of a direct force from a
user. These drawings shall now be used as an example of a user
initially applying a direct force to the support arms in a
direction indicated by arrow F1. This force can of course be
supplemented or complimented by an indirect force means. FIGS.
10A-10F also helps illustrate the sequence of movements of the
device (1).
[0132] As the applied force in direction F2 is transmitted via the
support arms to the ends of the bars (3, 4), and if the force
applied is sufficient to initiate bar rotation, the bars (3, 4)
shall rotate in an anti-clockwise manner about the pivot (5) (the
details of which are hidden by the second bar (4) in FIGS. 1A-1D,
but shown in FIGS. 10A-10F). As the force is continued to be
applied, or if the bars (3, 4) have sufficient angular/rotational
momentum to continue their own rotation, the bar shall rotate from
initial position (B1) in FIG. 1A to position (B2), as shown in FIG.
1B. Of course, both the first and the second bars (3, 4) are
rotating in tandem, but the first bar (3) is not seen in these
particular views as it lies behind the second bar (4). The first
bar (3) is however connected to the second bar (4) and moves in
tandem, so it shall be clear that the same movement taking place
with regard to the second bar (4) is the same as that of the first
bar (3).
[0133] The support arms (2A, 2B) shall have moved from their
initial position (S1) in FIG. 1A inwards toward each other to
position (S2) in FIG. 1B. The support arms (2A, 2B) reach an
"inwardly" extended position, extended towards the centreline
indicated by dashed line CD', as they substantially approach
position S3. Of course, this is only generally illustrative as the
proximal end (9) of the support arms (2) will also have moved in
position and so the true angle of the distal end (8) of the support
arms (2) will be different to that shown, which influences the
actual angle of the distal end (8). However, the illustration of
position S3 and subsequently of position S6 does help to
demonstrate the operation of the device (1). It would be at this
extended position (S3) that the bars (3, 4) would have further
rotated to position B3. When the bars (3, 4) are at position B3 the
support arms (2) are at a fully inwardly extended position. Once
the bars (3, 4) reach angularly rotated position B3, due to the
fixed pivot point, the momentum of the bars (3, 4) carry the bars
in a rotation about the pivot (5), and the support arms are caused
to move back in the direction of arrow F1. The bars (3, 4) continue
in their rotation, anti-clockwise. The user at this time will have
realised that the motion of the support arms (2) had changed
direction. The user should then, preferably, be attempting to input
a force in the direction of arrow F1.
[0134] FIG. 1C illustrates a position of the bars (3, 4) and
supports aims (2A, 2B) as the arms (2) have moved from position S3
in FIG. 1B outwards to position S4. The bars (3, 4) have rotated
further, anti-clockwise from position B3 in FIG. 1B to position B4
in FIG. 1C. As the support arms (2) continue their "outward"
extension, the support arms proceed further to reach position S5
shown in FIG. 1D. Likewise, the bars (3, 4) have further rotated
and turned from position B4 through to position B5 as shown in FIG.
1D. The support arms (2) are able to continue extending outwardly
in direction indicated by arrow F1 until the bars (3, 4) reach
position S6 at which point the support arms (2) have reached the
outwardly extended reach position, substantially indicated as
support arm position S6. As mentioned previously, position S6 is
not the true position of the support arms at an outwardly extended
position, but it does help to illustrate the operation of the
device (1).
[0135] As discussed previously, assuming that the bars (3, 4) have
sufficient momentum (or are provided with further direct or
indirect force input) to continue rotating about the fixed pivot
(5), the support arms (2) then begin to move inwardly back towards
each other (towards the centre line (D)) in the direction indicated
by arrow F2, having been constrained in their extension. Support
arms (2) then proceed on an inwards extension, heading back to
reach position S1, and bars (3, 4) position of B1. Following the
above mechanism, a complete rotation of the bars (3, 4) and one
full cycle of mirror symmetrical movement of the support arms (2)
is completed. By repeated input of energy to the rotation of the
bars (3, 4), from the input of a user or in combination with any of
the above described modes of force input (direct or indirect) the
bar may continually rotate. In this manner, the device can act as a
training device. Repeated cycling can aid in the re-training or
enhanced excitability of brain function in the rehabilitation of,
for example, stroke patients.
[0136] It shall of course be appreciated that any additional number
of intermediate steps between the "inwardly extended" and
"outwardly extended" positions of the support arms (2) and
partially rotated positions of the bars (3, 4) could be described.
The above however provides sufficient to understand the mechanism
of one particular embodiment of the invention.
[0137] FIGS. 5 and 13 illustrate a top perspective view of the
embodiments described above in relation to FIGS. 1A-1D and 10A-10F.
Shown are the support arms (2A, 2B), limb supports (L), the first
and second bars (3, 4), the first end (3A) of the first bar (3) and
the second ends (3B, 4B) of both the first and second bars (3, 4).
Pivot (5) is also shown. FIGS. 5 and 13 are a partial cut-away view
of the device (1), and it should be clear that the support arms and
bars are located below the top surface of, for example, the desk
(14).
[0138] FIGS. 5 and 13 also illustrate another embodiment of the
device (1) showing support arms (2) configuration which involve an
articulated joint (10). The support arms (2) are also fixedly
pivoted about pivot (7). In this manner, as a user imputes a force
to the support arms (2) via the limb supports (L), the force is
translated along the articulated arm, about a second moveable pivot
or articulated joint (10) before the operative coupling to the ends
(3A, 4B) of the bars (3, 4). FIGS. 5 and 13 are applicable to the
embodiments described above.
[0139] FIG. 6 is a further embodiment of that illustrated by FIG.
5. However FIG. 5 incorporates fixed or permanent magnets (12, 13).
Magnets (12, 13) are also shown in similar FIG. 13. The magnets are
located both upon the bars (3, 4), as well as upon the
corresponding substrate or desk portion (14) which enables magnetic
interference of the same magnetic field magnets.
[0140] FIGS. 7A, 7B, 14A and 14B illustrate further details of the
embodiments described above. In particular, FIGS. 7A and 14A show
the first bar (3) and the second bar (4) as well as each of the
interconnecting operative couplings and pivots. FIGS. 7B and 14B
show in closer detail the connection between the second bar (4) and
the first bar (3). A rotatable coupling is shown between the first
bar (3) and the first support arm (2A) and between the second bar
(4) and the second support arm (2B). A static coupling or
connection (11) is shown connecting the first and second bars (3,
4). Magnet means (12) are also shown, as is the bar pivot (5).
FIGS. 14A and 14B additionally illustrate the static and moveable
limb supports (L.sub.s, L.sub.m) and pegs or grips (15).
[0141] FIGS. 8A, 8B, 15A and 15B illustrate further details of the
embodiments described above. Magnet means (12, 13), pivot (5) and
the relationship between the operative couplings, support aims (2),
bars (3, 4), and limb supports (L) and the substrate or desk (14)
to which the device (1) is affixed is also shown. FIGS. 8B and 15B
show closer details of the support arms (2) having articulations.
FIGS. 15A and 15B additionally illustrate the static and moveable
limb supports (L.sub.s, L.sub.m) and pegs or grips (15).
[0142] FIGS. 10A-10F and 11-13 further illustrate a counter (16). A
counter (16) can be used to display the or an indication of the
number or of an accumulated number of mirror symmetrical movements
or repetitions performed by the device or the user. The counter
(16) can be located on a top surface of the desk portion (14),
although in various embodiments it may be a separate device, for
example a wireless displace device.
[0143] The counter illustrated in the figures is shown as having a
digital display readout, although it can be an analogue or
mechanical display. Information of about the number of movements
performed by the device can be sensed by an optical or a mechanical
sensor. The sensor (not shown) may be a part of a sensing system
gathering information about use of the device. That information can
be used for user purposes or for monitoring a user's level of use
of the device (1). The information can also be used to evaluating
wear and tear on the device (1) or its parts.
[0144] FIGS. 10A-10F and 11-13 also illustrate a handle (17) for
ease of portability of the device. The handle (17) can be a carry
handle.
[0145] It should also be appreciated the device (1) can form a part
of a desk (14) arrangement, but can itself be a portable unit. The
device (1) can also be housed within a housing (20) to prevent any
moving parts from being damaged during transportation or injuring a
user. The housing (20) can be disassembled to allow entry to the
internal workings of the device (1). This may be particularly
advantageous for servicing or maintenance purposes.
[0146] It should also be appreciated that another embodiment of the
device would be such that the bar (3) is the only bar and the
support arms (2) are operatively coupled substantially at, or
towards, each end of the bar. In such a configuration, the above
description applies, although the lateral spacing of the support
arms and bar is such that uninhibited rotation can take place.
Likewise, as there is only a single rotatable bar, there is no need
for any other bars to be connected to it. FIG. 9 illustrates a
simplified, partial elevation of such an arrangement. The central
bar (3) and the support arms (2) are shown, but no other details.
However, it will be appreciated that any suitable means may be used
to support and allow rotation of the bar (3). For example, the bar
(3) may be supported and enabled to rotate via ball bearings or
similar such systems. FIG. 9 also illustrates an example of a
lateral spacing in which the support arms (2) are separated or
disposed either side of the bar (3).
[0147] The device can be used with arm limbs or leg limbs.
Example 1
[0148] A particular example of a mirror symmetrical movement of
limbs using the device would, in one embodiment, be as follows.
Note that this example is made with reference in this particular
instance to arm limbs, but it could equally be applied to any other
limb having an opposing member (for example thumbs, fingers,
wrists, feet, toes, or legs). With the arms bent at the elbow in a
substantially 90.degree. angle from the vertical (i.e. bent at the
elbows as if the forearms were resting on a horizontal surface) and
with the upper arms hanging substantially vertically (i.e. hanging
beside the torso or chest wall), the portions of the user's limbs,
for example their hands and wrists and separately their forearms
are placed into limb supports (L) or rest upon a supporting arm (2)
of the device (1). The limb supports (L) can be adjusted or fitted
to the portions of the user's limbs to constrain the limbs to the
supports (L). A moveable limb support (L.sub.m) receives the wrist
or hand portion of the user's limb. The static limb support
(L.sub.s) receives the forearm portion of the user's limb.
[0149] This example exemplifies a situation where a user has
control and physical capabilities of their right arm, but where
there is impairment in the control and physical capabilities of
their left arm. This example is also based on the bars (3, 4)
having no initial rotational movement and that the device (1) is
operated from a stationary mode.
[0150] With their arms resting in place upon the limb supports (L),
the user imputes a lateral driving force with their right hand
against the moveable limb support (L.sub.s) (either in an "inwards"
direction indicated by arrow F1 or "outwards" lateral direction
indicated by arrow F2). This force biases the right support arm to
transfer such force to an end of the bars (3, 4). This force in
turn applies a torque about the bar. Once the applied torque is
sufficient to overcome friction, the bars (3, 4) are caused to
rotate. As the bars (3, 4) begin to rotate, and because the
moveable limb supports (L.sub.m) are connected to the support arms
(2) which are operatively coupled with the bars (3, 4), the user's
left wrist or hand portions located in the left moveable limb
support (L.sub.s) is caused to move in a mirror symmetrical manner
to the portion of the user's right arm portion located in the right
moveable limb support (L.sub.m). This causes both the right and
left arms to be manipulated. This can be referred to as bi-manual
movement, where both arms are being substantially commensurately
exercised through a range of motion
[0151] It is not a desirable outcome of the invention to yield an
over compensatory physical strength gain of one limb over another.
This may however have occurred in a stroke patient as a natural
result of additional use of one (operational) limb over another
(impaired) limb.
Example 2
[0152] A more detailed example of a user operating the device (1)
with their left and right forearms would be as follows. The upper
portions of the arms hang lose by their torso. The forearms are
articulated and bent at a substantially right angle. In this
position the forearms of each arm can be cradled to rest upon the
support arms (2) or in the limb supports (L). Then, as the bars (3,
4) rotate, and depending upon the initial position of the support
arms (2), the user's forearms are caused to move towards each other
until an extended position is reached. Once the forearms arrive at
this extended reach position, given the device configuration, the
supports arms (2) and thus the limb supports (L) are then caused to
move in the opposite direction. Moving in the opposite direction
the forearms move away from each other until an extended reach
position is arrived at.
[0153] Various alternative limb movements may be created or
desired. For example, rather than the above exemplified movement
the forearms may instead pivot at the wrist, for example when a
hand portion of a user's limb is located in a moveable limb support
(L.sub.m) with the forearm located in the static limb support
(L.sub.s).
[0154] Such movement allows repeated cyclical motion to be
achieved. This allows the device of the invention to be utilised as
a training device.
[0155] The foregoing description of the invention includes
preferred forms thereof. Aspects of the invention have been
described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that
modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope
of the invention.
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