U.S. patent application number 12/892218 was filed with the patent office on 2011-01-20 for design and manufacture of removable membrane sealing components for consumer packaging.
This patent application is currently assigned to PORTOLA PACKAGING, INC.. Invention is credited to Brian Adams, Tom Hennessy, Sungsuk Steve Kim, Richard Lohrman, Gary Smith.
Application Number | 20110011821 12/892218 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 33490658 |
Filed Date | 2011-01-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110011821 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Lohrman; Richard ; et
al. |
January 20, 2011 |
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF REMOVABLE MEMBRANE SEALING COMPONENTS FOR
CONSUMER PACKAGING
Abstract
A closure for a container having a container opening is provided
herein. The closure includes an annular top having an inner skirt
depending downwardly from an inner perimeter of the annular top and
having an outer skirt depending downwardly from an outer perimeter
of the annular top. An annular bottom extends radially inward from
the inner skirt, and the annular bottom has defined thereon a
dispensing aperture positioned adjacent to the container opening
when the closure is mounted to the container. A sealing member is
formed to the annular bottom for closing the dispensing aperture.
The outer skirt optionally includes a hingedly flexible flap having
one or more gussets dimensioned to cooperate with the anti-rotation
structure of a neck finish.
Inventors: |
Lohrman; Richard; (North
Aurora, IL) ; Hennessy; Tom; (Naperville, IL)
; Kim; Sungsuk Steve; (Batavia, IL) ; Smith;
Gary; (Geneva, IL) ; Adams; Brian; (Newark,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
JAMES P. HANRATH
191 NORTH WACKER DRIVE, SUITE 1800
CHICAGO
IL
60606
US
|
Assignee: |
PORTOLA PACKAGING, INC.
Batavia
IL
|
Family ID: |
33490658 |
Appl. No.: |
12/892218 |
Filed: |
September 28, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11929009 |
Oct 30, 2007 |
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12892218 |
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11610217 |
Dec 13, 2006 |
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11929009 |
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10854925 |
May 26, 2004 |
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11610217 |
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60473847 |
May 27, 2003 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
215/255 ;
220/258.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29L 2031/56 20130101;
B29C 45/1657 20130101; B65D 47/103 20130101; B29C 2045/1601
20130101; B29C 45/16 20130101; B65D 47/36 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
215/255 ;
220/258.2 |
International
Class: |
B65D 39/00 20060101
B65D039/00; B65D 51/20 20060101 B65D051/20 |
Claims
1. A closure for a container having a container opening, the
closure comprising: an annular top having an outer skirt depending
downwardly from an outer perimeter of the annular top and an inner
skirt depending downwardly from an inner perimeter of the annular
top; a bottom portion of the inner skirt having a dispensing
aperture positioned adjacent to the container opening when the
closure is mounted to the container; a removable sealing member
formed to the bottom portion for closing the dispensing aperture;
and a plurality of inwardly facing anti-rotational ratchets
circumferentially spaced about at an interior surface of the outer
skirt adapted to cooperate with structure of a container neck.
2. The closure of claim 1, wherein the plurality of inwardly facing
anti-rotational ratchets are adapted to cooperatively engage a
plurality of outwardly facing anti-rotational ratchets
circumferentially spaced about the container neck.
3. The closure of claim 1 further comprising thread structure
positioned above the plurality of inwardly facing anti-rotational
ratchets and on the interior surface of the outer skirt.
4. A closure for a container having a container opening, the
closure comprising: an annular top having an outer skirt depending
downwardly from an outer perimeter of the annular top and an inner
skirt depending downwardly from an inner perimeter of the annular
top; a bottom portion of the inner skirt having a dispensing
aperture positioned adjacent to the container opening when the
closure is mounted to the container; a removable sealing member
formed to the bottom portion for closing the dispensing aperture;
and the outer skirt terminating into a bottom flange having a
plurality of fins at an upwardly externally facing surface
thereof.
5. A closure for a container having a container opening, the
closure comprising: an annular top having an outer skirt depending
downwardly from an outer perimeter of the annular top and an inner
skirt depending downwardly from an inner perimeter of the annular
top; a bottom portion of the inner skirt having a dispensing
aperture positioned adjacent to the container opening when the
closure is mounted to the container; a removable sealing member
formed to the bottom portion for closing the dispensing aperture;
at least one retaining member raised inwardly from an interior
surface of the outer skirt, wherein at least one of the retaining
members is adapted to cooperatively engage structure of a container
neck.
6. The closure of claim 5, wherein the structure of the container
neck includes a locking surface which is positioned above the at
least one retaining members when the closure is positioned on the
container.
7. The closure of claim 5, further comprising a circumferential
frangible line or line segments positioned on the outer skirt at a
lower portion thereof.
8. The closure of claim 7, wherein the cooperative engagement of
the at least one retaining member with structure of the container
neck prevents the closure from being removed from the container
neck without damaging the frangible line or line segments.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/929,009 filed Oct. 30, 2007, entitled
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF REMOVABLE MEMBRANE SEALING COMPONENTS FOR
CONSUMER PACKAGING, which is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/610,217 filed Dec. 13, 2006, entitled
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF REMOVABLE MEMBRANE SEALING COMPONENTS FOR
CONSUMER PACKAGING, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 10/854,925 filed May 26, 2004, entitled METHOD
OF JOINING SEPARABLE COMPONENTS AND CONTAINER CLOSURE SYSTEM FORMED
BY THE SAME, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 60/473,847 filed May 27, 2003, entitled METHOD OF
JOINING SEPARABLE COMPONENTS AND CONTAINER CLOSURE SYSTEM FORMED BY
THE SAME, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by
this reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates, in general, to a method for design
and manufacture of closures and dispensing components for packaging
of consumer goods and in particular packaging components
incorporating removable membranes to form a primary seal.
[0004] 2. Description of Related Art
[0005] Tamper-evidencing closure systems are known and often
include a closure having a removable tamper-evidencing portion that
is monolithically formed with the remainder of the closure. Upon
initial opening of such known closures the tamper-evidencing
portion fractures and/or tears away from the remainder of the
closure.
[0006] One known type of closure system utilizes a cap having a
skirt and a tamper-evident band dependent from and monolithically
joined to a base of the skirt. The band is engaged with
complimentary structure on a corresponding container and is severed
from the cap skirt when the closure is initially removed. The
severing is allowed by making the interconnection between the
tamper-evident band and the cap skirt frangible and easily broken.
Typically, discrete breakable "bridges" or a continuous thin "score
line" is utilized to form the frangible connection.
[0007] One exemplar of the prior art is U.S. Pat. No. 5,480,045 to
Molinaro et al. which discloses a cap including a frangible tear
skirt interconnected with a depending wall by frangible connection
members. Another exemplar of the prior art is U.S. Pat. No.
5,284,265 to Crisci which discloses a cap having a frangible tear
skirt interconnected with a cap top along a score line or tear
line.
[0008] Another known closure system involves monolithically molded
pull-out membranes, as commonly employed on gable-top juice
containers and some vegetable oil containers. This system
incorporates a removable membrane initially closing a dispensing
orifice of the container. The membrane is monolithically formed
with additional structure appropriate for attachment to the
container such as a weld flange or a snap attachment skirt. The
membrane is integrally connected to the attachment structure
through a frangible line of weakness. Initial opening by a consumer
is done by gripping and pulling a finger tab that is joined to the
membrane whereby removing the membrane fractures the closure and
tears the membrane away from the additional structure along the
frangible line of weakness.
[0009] An exemplar of the prior art is U.S. Pat. No. 5,810,184 to
Adams et al. which discloses a fitment having a removable membrane
interconnected with a spout along a line of weakness or tear
line.
[0010] While prior closure systems function quite successfully,
current systems using frangible separation of integrally molded
components have several disadvantages. In the case of dependent
breakaway tamper-evidencing bands, the demands of application and
retention of the tamper-evidencing band often conflict with the
requirements of the primary closure portion. For example, when
discrete bridges are employed, the mechanical characteristics
required for bridge integrity during application often conflict
with the mechanical characteristics appropriate for easy removal by
a consumer upon opening the closure system. In the case of
continuous frangible score lines or tear lines, material selection
is normally restricted to forms of low density polyethylene, since
this is the only commodity material exhibiting facile tear
performance.
[0011] Similarly, pull-out membrane closure systems generally
include a membrane, a frangible score line, and an attachment
structure which are monolithically molded in a single integral shot
during an injection molding operation. Such configuration
significantly restricts possible material choices for forming the
system. The frangible score line must easily and readily tear
without excessive force. As noted above, the most applicable
material in this regard is low density polyethylene. However,
specifying that the frangible line be made of low density
polyethylene further specifies that the membrane itself, and more
importantly the attachment structure, be formed of the same low
density polyethylene material. Disadvantageously, this can
negatively impact potential applications, since the mechanical
properties of low density polyethylene may not be appropriate to
accomplish the performance required for package integrity.
[0012] A further problem intrinsic with pull out membrane
technology is that substantial material flow is required across a
thin frangible score line which connects the pull out membrane to
the container attachment structure. This configuration may lead to
unusual and unpredictable performance including, but not limited
to, microscopic pin holes, lamination and difficult tearing
resulting from physical properties of the material which may change
as the material traverses the thin frangible score line.
[0013] A continuing demand for improved shelf life for perishable
products is commonly addressed by packaging these products under
aseptic conditions. This technique involves first disinfecting both
the product and the packaging components intended to contain the
product to eliminate any trace of microorganisms and bacteria that
would contribute to accelerated product deterioration at normal
room temperatures. Once accomplished, the product is packaged and
sealed while maintaining sterile conditions in a sterile or clean
room environment. The contained product/package only leaves the
sterile environment after the package has been completely sealed
against the outside environment.
[0014] There are common ways of sterilizing the actual perishable
product known to the art. Regarding the packaging components, all
surfaces that come into eventual contact with the perishable
product must be sterilized. In the case of many commonly used
plastic packaging components, such as containers and closures, high
temperature sterilization is not an option, since the temperatures
required may cause unacceptable distortion and weakening of the
plastic material. However, alternatives exist. One common method is
to thoroughly wash the plastic surfaces involved with a
disinfectant sterilizing solution. A requirement of such a process
is that the plastic component have no surface regions that are
difficult to thoroughly contact with the disinfectant solution.
This requirement sometimes restricts the ability of the packaging
component designer to thoroughly exploit design principles which
otherwise might be appropriate for a non-aseptic package
component.
[0015] An alternative approach is to irradiate the packaging
component. This approach allows more intricate or complicated
packaging designs. Often the irradiation is performed to bulk
packaged components. The various components of the package are then
assembled, filled and sealed prior to leaving the sterile, clean
room environment.
[0016] One problem with the irradiation approach is that the size
of the irradiation chambers is limited. The chamber size limitation
combined with a required residence time of exposure can impact and
limit the practical size of the packaging component being
irradiated. If the size exceeds this practical limit, the rate of
component irradiation can slow packaging line speeds to
unacceptable levels. In addition, since the irradiation chambers
are often manually loaded with the bulk packaging components, there
are practical and government mandated limits to the weight of the
bulk package of packaging components that can be irradiated
simultaneously. Larger, heavier components can make it difficult or
impractical to use the irradiation approach to sterilization.
[0017] Thus, it is highly advantageous in the practice of aseptic
packaging to attempt to minimize both the complexity and size of
the packaging components actually required within the clean room
environment. Of course, the container itself would normally be
required to the sterilized and present within the clean filling
room. However, alternatives may exist regarding the primary closure
and sealing system. One common choice is to accomplish the primary
package seal within the clean room environment using induction or
conduction sealing of the filled container with a foil comprised of
a laminate including a layer of aluminum metal. Another option may
be to substitute a film of plastic laminate film material
comprising a barrier layer, in which case a conduction heating
could be used to effect a seal to the container opening. Such
"innerseal" methods have been widely practiced and are well known
in the art. In these cases sterilization of the foil or laminate is
relatively straightforward since these materials are light and flat
by nature. The sterile package with its primary foil or film seal
can be subsequently removed from the clean room and the package
completed with the application of an overcap. The overcap normally
does not function as the primary aseptic seal (the function of the
foil or film) but can serve the valuable function of supplying
dispensing convenience and reclosure to the eventual consumer.
[0018] One problem with the foil or film "innerseals" is that the
overcap or secondary closure often must be removed upon initial
opening to remove the foil or film in order to utilize the
contents. Numerous marketing studies have shown that the consumer,
while recognizing the many values of the extended life aseptic
packaging, finds the requirement for foil or film removal
objectionable. Often a knife or other tool is required to
effectively remove the foil, and the operation can be messy.
[0019] It has been found that consumers are highly comfortable and
satisfied with packages whose initial opening consists of removing
a "tear-out" membrane attached to a pull ring. Pulling on the pull
ring removes a membrane sealing the pouring orifice of the package.
Such a membrane feature appears on many carton type containers of
products such as orange juice. The tear out membranes are somewhat
resin specific in that they are normally made from low density
polyethylene (LDPE). LDPE is unique in that it allows facile linear
tearing along a thinned score line, as is known in the industry.
Examples of the use of tear out membranes for sealing plastic
bottle finishes are shown and taught in U.S. Ser. No. 10/854,925,
commonly owned by the assignee of the instant invention. The
embodiments of that application show application of a membrane
"fitment" as the primary seal mechanism for the neck of a bottle.
The exterior surface of the fitments shown there have structure to
mate with structure on an additional reclosure cap intended to
reseal the package after the initial opening by membrane tear
out.
[0020] One may propose using the tear out membrane concept with
aseptic packaging. However, the current inventors are not aware of
such membranes being used on aseptic packaging. The membrane
structures are often somewhat complicated in design, having
structural features which may be difficult to reach or effectively
contact with sterilizing solution. To be suitable for aseptic
application using sterilizing solution, these inhibiting structural
features must be eliminated.
[0021] Alternatively, the tear out "fitment" may be sterilized
using irradiation. In this case the bulk volume and mass of the
fitments must be minimized, for the reasons discussed above.
[0022] Finally, when using or contemplating a tear out membrane
"fitment" for an aseptic package, the primary seal of the "fitment"
to the container neck is important. Even minute ingress or egress
of materials from the exterior environment can negatively impact
the package performance. Thus, it may be advantageous to employ a
threaded attachment of the tear out membrane "fitment" to the
container neck. Threaded attachment supplies the mechanical
advantage which may be required to promote adequate performance of
sealing between the "fitment" and container neck.
[0023] What is needed is a new and improved tamper-evidencing
closure system which overcomes the above and other disadvantages of
known closure systems.
[0024] The present invention provides for various embodiments one
of which may teach improvements in the design and manufacture of
packaging components employing pull out membranes to achieve
initial sealing and provide facile initial opening.
[0025] Another embodiment may teach improved and novel designs and
manufacturing methods for producing initially joined packaging
components which cannot be reassembled following separation during
initial package opening.
[0026] A further embedment may advance improved component designs
suitable for the aseptic packaging of perishable products.
[0027] Yet an additional embodiment may allow aseptic packaging
processing incorporating improved packaging components which can be
sterilized in a practical manner by either irradiation or wet
sterilization techniques.
[0028] Other embodiment and their advantages should become clear in
light of the following Figures and Description of preferred
embodiments.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0029] In summary, one aspect of the present invention is directed
to a method of joining separable components including: providing a
first component having first interlocking structure; and molding a
second component in a plastics injection molding process within a
mold utilizing a surface of the first interlocking structure of the
first component as a portion of the mold, the second component
being formed with second interlocking structure complementary to
the first interlocking structure which mechanically interlocks the
first component and the second component, the mechanical interlock
being releasable without fracture of at least one of the first and
second interlocking structures.
[0030] In one embodiment, the molding step further forms the
mechanical interlock to be releasable without fracture of the first
and second interlocking structures. The molding step may form the
first and second interlocking structures such that the interlocking
structures cannot be reassembled after the mechanical interlock has
been released. In one embodiment, the providing step is
accomplished by providing the first interlocking structure with a
recess having first trapezoidal cross-section and the forming step
is accomplished by forming the second interlocking structure with a
protrusion having a second trapezoidal cross-section complementary
to the first trapezoidal cross-section.
[0031] Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a
closure for a container including a first component having a first
interlocking structure and a second, plastics injection molded
component having a second interlocking structure molded in situ
against the first interlocking structure. The second interlocking
structure is complementary in shape to the first interlocking
structure and is in mechanical interlocking engagement with the
first interlocking structure. The mechanical interlocking
engagement is releasable without fracture of at least one of the
first and second interlocking structures.
[0032] In one embodiment, the mechanical interlocking engagement is
releasable without fracture of the first and second interlocking
structures. Preferably, the first and second interlocking
structures cannot be reassembled after the mechanical interlocking
engagement has been released.
[0033] Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to a
tamper-evidencing closure for a container having a container
opening in which the closure includes a closure base having a
dispensing aperture adapted for mounting on the container adjacent
the container opening, a sealing member for closing the dispensing
aperture and the container opening, and a connection member
releasably interconnecting the closure base and the sealing member.
One of the closure base and the sealing member is formed of a first
material and the connection member is formed of a second material,
the second material being more pliable than the first material.
[0034] In one embodiment, the closure base further includes an
annular top, a well defined by an inner skirt depending downwardly
from an inner perimeter of the annular top, and an annular bottom
extending radially inward from the inner skirt, the bottom having a
closure aperture for accessing the container opening, and the first
interlocking structure including a recess located on the annular
bottom. The recess is complimentary to a projection on a connection
member. The recess may be, for example, a trapezoidally-shaped
recess. The closure base may include a retainer for securing the
closure base to the container. The closure base may include an
outer skirt depending downwardly from an outer periphery of the
annular top, the retainer including a retaining band extending
inwardly and upwardly from a lower portion of the outer skirt.
[0035] In one embodiment, the sealing member includes a pull-ring.
One of the sealing member and the connection member may include a
sealing peripheral lip and the other one of the sealing member and
the connection member may include a continuous ring having an
engagement groove cooperating with the sealing peripheral lip to
mechanically interlock the connection member and the sealing
member.
[0036] Either the closure base and/or the connection member may
include a recess and the other of the closure base and/or the
connection member may include a protrusion complementary in shape
to the recess. The protrusion and/or the recess may have
trapezoidally-shaped cross-sectional profiles.
[0037] The closure base may be formed of polypropylene,
high-density polyethylene, and/or low-density polyethylene. The
sealing member may be formed of polypropylene, high-density
polyethylene, and/or low-density polyethylene. The connection
member may be formed of low-density polyethylene and/or
thermoplastic elastomer.
[0038] In one embodiment, the closure may be dimensioned and
configured for use with a container having a container opening, a
neck finish, and a locking surface on the neck finish. The closure
may further include a plurality of retaining flaps extending
radially inwardly and upwardly from a lower portion of an outer
skirt of the closure base, each the retaining flap including an
oblique wing having a arcuate inner edge adapted to engage a
corresponding surface, such as a locking surface, on the container,
wherein each wing includes a concave lower surface dimensioned and
configured to closely approximate the outer diameter of the neck
finish below the locking surface allowing substantially the entire
inner edge to contact the corresponding surface. The locking
surface on the neck finish may include a plurality of teeth, and
the closure may further include one or more vertically extending or
projecting members, such as gusset(s), extending along at least one
of the flaps and being dimensioned and configured to abut against
the teeth or corresponding structure of the neck finish. The
closure may further include a plurality of biasing ribs extending
radially inward from an inner surface of the outer skirt toward a
respective one of the flaps to bias the inner edges into contact
with the locking surface of the container.
[0039] In one embodiment, the closure may further include a
plurality of lines of weakness extending upwardly along a lower
portion of an outer skirt of the closure base, the lines of
weakness being dimensioned and configured to split upon at least
partial removal of the closure from the container. The lines of
weakness may extend substantially vertically along the lower
portion of the outer skirt.
[0040] Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a
tamper-evidencing closure for a container having a container
opening, a neck finish, and a locking surface on the neck finish.
The closure includes a closure base having a top and an annular
outer skirt depending from a periphery of the top, a plurality of
retaining flaps extending radially inwardly and upwardly from a
lower portion of the outer skirt, each the retaining flap including
an oblique wing having a arcuate inner edge adapted to engage the
locking surface of the container, wherein each wing includes a
concave lower surface dimensioned and configured to closely
approximate the outer diameter of the neck finish below the locking
surface allowing a majority of the inner edge to contact the
locking surface.
[0041] The neck finish may include one or more teeth and the
closure may further include a vertically extending or projecting
member, such as a gusset, extending along at least one of the flaps
and being dimensioned and configured to abut against the teeth or
corresponding structure of the neck finish. The closure may further
include a plurality of biasing ribs extending radially inward from
an inner surface of the outer skirt toward a respective one of the
flaps to bias the inner edges into contact with the locking surface
of the container when the closure is mounted on the container. The
closure may further include a plurality of circumferentially spaced
lines of weakness extending substantially vertically along the
lower portion of the outer skirt, the lines of weakness being
dimensioned and configured to split upon partial removal of the
closure from the container.
[0042] Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to a
tamper-evidencing closure for a container having a container
opening, a neck finish, and a locking surface on the neck finish.
The closure includes a closure base having a top and an annular
outer skirt depending from a periphery of the top, a retainer
extending radially inwardly and upwardly from a lower portion of
the outer skirt, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced lines
of weakness extending upwardly along the lower portion of the outer
skirt, the lines of weakness being dimensioned and configured to
split upon partial removal of the closure from the container.
[0043] In one embodiment, the plurality of lines of weakness extend
substantially vertically along the lower portion of the outer
skirt. The plurality of lines of weakness may extend substantially
parallel to one another. The plurality of Fines of weakness may
extend from a bottom edge of the lower portion of the outer
skirt.
[0044] Still another aspect of the present invention is directed to
a tamper-evidencing closure for a container having a container
opening, a neck finish, and a locking surface on the neck finish.
The closure has a top, a skirt depending from the top, and a
removable sealing membrane attached to a lower portion of the
skirt. The skirt and membrane structure is devoid of structure
which could shade internal surfaces from exposure to an aseptic
cleaner solution. The closure may include additional structure
complimentary to external mating structure on the container neck to
ensure secure retention of the closure to the container neck. The
closure may further include structure to accommodate releasable
engagement of a reclosure cap.
[0045] The tamper-evidencing closure system of the present
invention has other features and advantages which will be apparent
from or are set forth in more detail in the accompanying drawings,
which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification,
and the following Detailed Description of the Invention, which
together serve to explain the principles of the present
invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0046] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tamper-evidencing closure
system in accordance with the present invention;
[0047] FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the closure system of FIG.
1;
[0048] FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the closure system of
FIG. 1;
[0049] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the closure system of
FIG. 1 taken substantially along line 4-4 of FIG. 2;
[0050] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the closure system of
FIG. 1 taken substantially along the line 5-5 of FIG. 2;
[0051] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the closure system of
FIG. 1 taken substantially along the line 6-6 of FIG. 2;
[0052] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another tamper-evidencing
closure system in accordance with the present invention;
[0053] FIG. 8 is a bottom perspective view of the closure system of
FIG. 7;
[0054] FIG. 9 is a top plane view of the closure system of FIG. 7
showing a closure base having a reclosure cap mounted thereon;
[0055] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the closure system of
FIG. 7 taken substantially along the line 10-10 of FIG. 9;
[0056] FIG. 11 is an enlarged detail of FIG. 10;
[0057] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the closure system of
FIG. 7 taken substantially along the line 11-11 of FIG. 9;
[0058] FIG. 13 is an enlarged detail of FIG. 12;
[0059] FIG. 14 is a perspective view, similar to FIG. 7, of another
tamper-evidencing closure system in accordance with the present
invention;
[0060] FIG. 15 is a bottom perspective view of the closure system
of FIG. 14;
[0061] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 4, of
another tamper-evidencing closure system in accordance with the
present invention;
[0062] FIG. 17 is an upper perspective view of another
tamper-evidencing closure system in accordance with the present
invention;
[0063] FIG. 18 is a lower perspective view of the closure system of
FIG. 17;
[0064] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the closure system of
FIG. 17;
[0065] FIG. 20 is an upper perspective view of a neck finish of a
container that may by used in combination with one or more of the
above closure systems;
[0066] FIG. 21 is a side elevational view of the neck finish of
FIG. 20;
[0067] FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional, fragmentary plan view of the
neck finish of FIG. 20, taken substantially along line 22-22 of
FIG. 21;
[0068] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional, fragmentary side elevational
view of the neck finish of FIG. 20, taken substantially along line
23-23 of FIG. 22;
[0069] FIG. 24 is a partial cross-sectional, side elevational view
of the closure system of FIG. 17 applied to the neck finish of FIG.
20;
[0070] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional, fragmentary plan view of the
closure system of FIG. 17 applied to the neck finish of FIG. 20,
taken substantially along line 25-25 of FIG. 24;
[0071] FIG. 26 is an upper perspective view of another closure
system in accordance with the present invention;
[0072] FIG. 27 is an upper perspective view of a connection member
of the closure system of FIG. 26;
[0073] FIG. 28 is a top plan view of the closure system of FIG.
26;
[0074] FIG. 29 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the closure
system of FIG. 26 taken along line 29-29 of FIG. 28;
[0075] FIG. 30 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the closure
system of FIG. 26 taken along line 30-30 of FIG. 28;
[0076] FIG. 31 is an upper perspective view of another closure
system in accordance with the present invention;
[0077] FIG. 32 is a lower perspective view of the closure system of
FIG. 31;
[0078] FIG. 33 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the closure
system of FIG. 31 taken substantially along line 33-33 in FIG.
31;
[0079] FIG. 34 is an exploded cross-sectional view of a closure
system similar to that shown in FIG. 26 in combination with a
container and a cap in accordance with the present invention;
[0080] FIG. 35 is an assembled cross-sectional view of the
combination of FIG. 34;
[0081] FIG. 36 is an upper perspective view of another
tamper-evidencing closure system in accordance with the present
invention;
[0082] FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of the closure system of
FIG. 36;
[0083] FIG. 38a is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of
the invention suitable for use in sterile extended shelf life
applications which shows an improved disinfectant flow path;
[0084] FIG. 38b is a lower perspective view of the embodiment of
FIG. 38a;
[0085] FIG. 38c is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 38a along
with a container neck having corresponding structure to
cooperatively engage the projecting members on the closure
base;
[0086] FIG. 48d is a perspective view of a retaining flap as
illustrated in FIGS. 38a and 38b;
[0087] FIG. 39 is a sectional view of the FIG. 38 embodiment as
applied to a container neck finish;
[0088] FIG. 40 is a side cut away side view showing another
embodiment of the invention;
[0089] FIG. 41 is a fragmentary sectional view of tiered projecting
members formed of a plurality of anti-rotation contact ridges
wherein a first larger dominant lug protects subsequent smaller
subservient ridges from damage;
[0090] FIG. 42 is a top plan of a closure having an off-set
pull-ring fostering a user's finger access to grip and pull the
pull-ring to remove a sealing member from the closure base;
[0091] FIG. 43a is a lower perspective view of a closure having one
or more projecting members on flexible wings and including knurls
on the top portion of the closure and having a tapered lower
portion;
[0092] FIG. 43b is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 43a along
with a container neck having corresponding structure to
cooperatively engage the projecting members on the closure
base;
[0093] FIG. 44a is a lower perspective view of a closure having one
or more projecting members on flexible wings and including knurls
on the top portion of the closure and having a stepped lower
portion;
[0094] FIG. 44b is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 44a along
with a container neck having corresponding structure to
cooperatively engage the projecting members on the closure
base;
[0095] FIG. 45a is a lower perspective view of a closure having
projecting members on flexible wings and including flanges on the
outside surface of the outer skirt;
[0096] FIG. 45b is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 45a along
with a container neck having corresponding structure to
cooperatively engage the projecting members on the closure
base;
[0097] FIG. 46a is a lower perspective view of a closure having
inner skirt ratchets and outer skirt knurls.
[0098] FIG. 46b is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 46a along
with a container neck having corresponding structure to
cooperatively engage the inner skirt ratchets;
[0099] FIG. 47a is a lower perspective view of a tamper-evident
closure having a circumferential frangible score-line at a lower
portion of the outer skirt; and
[0100] FIG. 47b is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 47a along
with a container neck having corresponding structure to
cooperatively engage a retaining member of the closure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0101] Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred
embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in
the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in
conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it will be understood
that they are not intended to limit the invention to those
embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover
alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included
within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the
appended claims.
[0102] Turning now to the drawings, wherein like components are
designated by like reference numerals throughout the various
figures, attention is directed to FIGS. 1-6 which illustrate a
tamper-evidencing closure system, generally designated 30, which is
adapted to be secured to a container (e.g., container 31a shown in
FIG. 10). [0103] a. As shown in FIG. 1, closure system 30 includes
a closure base 34 that is adapted for mounting on the container, a
sealing member 35 for sealing the opening and thus the contents of
the container, and a connection member 36 for releasably connecting
the sealing member 35 to the closure base 34. [0104] b. The closure
base is generally dimensioned and configured to be secured to a
container adjacent the opening thereof. In the embodiment
illustrated in FIGS. 1-6, closure base 34 is configured to mate
with a container of the type having a non-threaded neck finish of
the snap-on variety (see, e.g., FIG. 23). One should appreciate,
however, that the closure base of the present invention is equally
suited for use with other types of containers including, but not
limited to, containers having threaded neck finishes as well as
paperboard containers. [0105] c. With reference to FIG. 4, closure
base 34 includes an annular top 39 and an outer skirt 40 depending
downwardly from an outer periphery of annular top 39. An upper
portion of outer skirt includes external cap-engaging threads 43
configured and dimensioned to releasably engage internal threads
(e.g., cap threads 44a as shown in FIG. 10) of a reclosure cap
(e.g., cap 45 shown in FIG. 10). One should appreciate that other
means can be utilized to releasably secure the reclosure cap to the
closure base in accordance with the present invention.
Alternatively, one should appreciate that the tamper-evidencing
closure system of the present invention need not incorporate a
removable cap. For example, a resealable or reclosure cap would not
be necessary if the closure system of the present invention is to
be used with a school milk container or other type of single
serving container. [0106] d. With reference to FIG. 4, a lower
portion 48 of skirt 40 includes retaining structure or a retainer
49 which securely engages closure base 34 on the container. In one
embodiment, retainer 49 includes a retaining band 50 that extends
radially inwardly and upwardly from lower portion 48 of skirt 40
and is configured to mate with the finish of the container. In the
illustrated embodiment, lower portion 48 and retaining band 50 form
a J-shaped structure that is dimensioned and configured to
cooperate with a locking surface (e.g., locking surface 52a shown
in FIG. 10) on the container in a manner similar to that disclosed
by U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,437 to Ma, the entire content of which is
incorporated herein by this reference. Unlike the structure
disclosed by the '437 patent, however, the retaining band 50 is
configured to provide the primary engagement between closure base
34 and the container. The J-shaped configuration facilitates
application of closure base 34 to a container neck in that such
configuration requires lower axial application force than other
conventional closures. Advantageously, this configuration also
allows greater interference between the closure plug seal and the
container, which in turn provides better sealing performance.
[0107] e. With continued reference to FIG. 4, retaining band 50
includes a plurality of projecting members 51, such as gussets,
which are configured and dimensioned to cooperate with
corresponding structure on the container neck in order to restrict
rotational movement of closure base 34 with respect to container
neck. In this manner, the configuration of gussets 51 facilitates
threading and unthreading the reclosure cap on closure base 34
because the gussets limit rotational movement between the closure
base and the container. [0108] f. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4,
retainer 49 includes a plurality of vertical lines of weakness 53
aligned with a corresponding number of drainage holes 54 located in
retainer 49 adjacent the intersection of retaining band 50 and
lower portion 48 of the outer skirt. The configuration of the
drainage holes 54 and vertical lines of weakness 53 provides an
additional tamper-evidencing feature that facilitates damage to or
destruction of closure base 34 in the event that someone attempts
to remove it from the container once the closure base has been
applied to the container. In particular, should someone attempt to
pry closure base 34 from the container neck, lower portion 48 of
the outer skirt will split along one or more vertical lines 53 thus
providing visible evidence that the contents of the container may
have been accessed and/or tampered with. One should appreciate that
the closure base need not be provided with such vertical lines of
weakness and/or drainage holes 54. In the event that the closure
base includes both vertical lines of weakness and drainage holes,
one should appreciate that the vertical lines need not be aligned
with the drainage holes in the retaining band to provide
tamper-evidencing. [0109] Turning to FIG. 4, closure base 34 also
includes an inner skirt 56 depending from an inner edge of annular
top 39 and cooperates by way of an interference fit with the inside
bore of the container neck (e.g., container neck 57a shown in FIG.
11) to define a plug seal which serves as the primary seal between
the tamper-evidencing closure and the container. An annular bottom
58 extends radially inward from the bottom of inner skirt 56. Inner
edge 61 of bottom 58 defines an aperture that is initially closed
or sealed by sealing member 35 and connection member 36. As
discussed in greater detail below, a consumer may remove the
sealing member and the connection member in order to gain access to
the contents of the container.
[0110] The plug seal configuration of the present invention
provides improved sealing performance as inner skirt 56 is
supported at the top and bottom thereof. In particular, the
structural integrity of the top of inner skirt 56 is reinforced by
annular top 39 while the structural integrity of the bottom is
reinforced by annular bottom 58.
[0111] Although the amount of application force required to apply
the plug seal configuration of the present invention may be greater
than a standard hollow plug, such increased application force is
possible because the retainer configuration of the present
invention requires a lesser amount of application force. Keeping
the overall application force necessary to apply a closure to a
container constant, more force can be applied to the plug seal
configuration of closure system 30 because the configuration of
retainer 49 requires less force, as is noted above.
[0112] Although the sealing member and connection member of the
illustrated embodiment are set within a well, one should appreciate
that the closure base of the present invention need not be provided
with a well. For example, the connection member may directly
interconnect the sealing member to the annular top in accordance
with the present invention. In this example, the primary seal may
be located between the annular top and the container neck.
Alternatively, one should also appreciate that connection member
may directly interconnect the sealing member and the outer skirt
and/or other portion of the closure base. For the purpose of the
present invention, the term "closure base" broadly refers to the
component used to secure the tamper-evidencing closure system to a
corresponding container.
[0113] Preferably, closure base 34 is formed of polypropylene,
high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LOPE),
or other suitable material which provides the closure base with
suitable structural integrity. One should appreciate that other
materials can be used in accordance with the present invention.
[0114] As most clearly shown in FIG. 1, closure system 30 also
includes a sealing member 35 which is dimensioned and configured to
substantially seal the aperture formed by inner edge 61 of the
closure base and thus seal the container. Sealing member 35
generally includes a relatively thin membrane 62 and a gripping
member 63. Membrane 62 has an outer diameter that is slightly less
than the inner diameter of the aperture formed by inner edge 61.
For the purpose of the present invention, the term "membrane" is
also intended to cover any relatively thin structure that is
dimensioned to substantially cover the aperture formed by inner
edge 61.
[0115] Sealing member 35 also includes a sealing peripheral lip 67
extending along the outer perimeter of membrane 62, as shown in
FIG. 4. Sealing peripheral lip 67 includes an engagement groove 70,
which is configured to cooperate with connection member 36 as is
discussed in greater detail below.
[0116] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, gripping member 63
in the form of a pull-ring 71 and is of generally conventional
design. Namely, pull-ring 71 is connected to membrane 62 by post 72
and forms a generally circular loop. The loop is dimensioned to
receive the finger of a consumer thus allowing the consumer to grip
and pull the pull-ring in order to remove sealing member 35 from
closure base 34.
[0117] Preferably, sealing member 35 is formed of polypropylene,
high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE),
or other suitable material that provides the sealing member with
suitable structural integrity. One should appreciate that other
materials can be used in accordance with the present invention.
Preferably, the sealing member is monolithically formed with the
closure base.
[0118] Connection member 36 interconnects the closure base 34 and
sealing member 35. The connection member includes a continuous ring
74 that has an engagement groove 75 which cooperates with
engagement groove 70 of sealing member 35 to provide a strong
mechanical joint between the sealing member and the connection
member, as shown in FIG. 4.
[0119] As shown in FIG. 2, connection member 36 also includes a
plurality of radially extending protrusions 76 that extend
outwardly from continuous ring 74. In the illustrated embodiment,
twelve protrusions are circumferentially spaced about continuous
ring 74. One should appreciate, however, the number of protrusions
as well as spacing of the protrusions may vary in accordance with
the present invention. Alternatively, a complementary groove and
shoulder arrangement similar to that between sealing member 35 and
connection member 36 may be used to interconnect connection member
36 as closure base 34. Likewise, a radially extending
protrusion/recess configuration may be utilized to interconnect
sealing member 35 and connection member 36.
[0120] As shown in FIG. 5, each protrusion 76 has a trapezoidal
cross-section that is complementary to the shape of a corresponding
recess 79 formed on annular bottom 58. In essence, protrusion 76
forms a key that is received within the keyway that is formed by
recess 79 and thus provides a strong mechanical joint which
prevents sealing member 35 from moving axially with respect to
annular bottom 58 of closure base 34. One should appreciate that
the cross-sectional profile of the protrusions and recesses may
vary in accordance with present invention. For example, the
protrusions may include a semicircular cross-section, a triangular
cross-section, or other suitable profile to provide an intimate
mechanical connection between the connection member and the closure
base. Such cross-sectional configurations allow ready release of
the interengaging structures but renders reassembly extremely
difficult.
[0121] In some applications, connection member 36 may be formed of
a tearable material such as a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) based
material or a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). One should appreciate
that other suitable tearable materials can be used to achieve
specific functional performance in accordance with the present
invention.
[0122] Connection member 36 may be formed of a material that is
more pliable, that is, supple enough to bend freely or repeatedly
without breaking, and that would more readily yield than the
material forming at least one of the sealing member and the closure
base. For example, closures used in hot-fill applications are often
formed of polypropylene, a relatively rigid material that possesses
significant structural integrity. Disadvantageously, polypropylene
is unsuitable for forming structures having a continuous tear line
that is intended to be torn by a consumer. In accordance with the
present invention, the closure base and/or the sealing member may
be formed of polypropylene while the connection member may be
formed of a low-density polyethylene (LOPE) or a thermoplastic
elastomer. This two material configuration allows the use of a
pull-ring in a hot-fill application.
[0123] Connection member 36 connects and joins membrane 62 of
sealing member 35 to annular ring 58 of closure base 34 in such a
way that the connection member does not integrally bond to at least
one of the sealing member and the closure base, namely, the
component is formed of the different material. However, it is
understood that some degree of adhesive compatibility between the
materials may be desireable. Such "partial adhesion" may be
employed to advantage to control the amount of membrane removal
force associated with initial opening. In the illustrated
embodiment, connection member 36 is discrete from closure base 34
and sealing member 35. However, it is understood that connection
member may be integrally molded of the same material and at the
same time as either one of the closure base or the sealing member
provided that a mechanical joint is formed that can be readily
separated by a consumer.
[0124] In one embodiment, the tamper-evidencing closure of the
present invention is manufactured utilizing multi-shot or
over-molding injection molding technologies. For example, the
embodiment of FIGS. 1-6 is produced by shuttle molding by molding
connection member 36 in a first injected shot utilizing a first
mold core and/or cavity followed by in situ molding of closure base
34 and sealing member 35 in a subsequent shot utilizing a second
mold core and/or cavity. In this manner, a very precise and
intimate joining of the complementary mechanical interlocking
structures between connection member 36 and closure base 34, as
well as between the connection member and sealing member 35, can be
achieved. Such an intimate joint configuration of a closure could
not be achieved or would be very difficult to accomplish by
conventional closure manufacturing methods. For example, it is not
commercially feasible to mold the sealing member and the closure
base separately and then precisely assemble these components in a
post-molding assembly operation.
[0125] The method of using the tamper-evidencing closure in
accordance with the present invention can now be described. In
operation and use, when a consumer is ready to access the contents
of the container, the consumer will first remove the reclosure cap
to access gripping member 63 of the sealing member. With the
reclosure cap removed and gripping member 63 readily accessible,
the consumer will insert his or her finger through pull-ring 71 and
firmly grip the pull-ring. Next the consumer will pull the
pull-ring, along with the remainder of sealing member 35, upwardly
in such a manner that connection member 36 will disengage from
either annular bottom 58 or sealing member 35. Continued pulling of
pull-ring 71 will completely disengage connection member 36 from
closure base 34 or sealing member 35 thus providing access to the
contents of the container.
[0126] Once the sealing member 35 is removed, interlocking
engagement between connection member 36 and annular bottom 58 (or
sealing member 35) is broken by physical separation. Once
separated, it is virtually impossible to reassemble or otherwise
engage connection member 36 to closure base from which it was
separated due to the design of the interengaging structures, that
is, the design of protrusions 76 and recesses 79.
[0127] In another embodiment of the present invention, closure
system 30a is similar to closure system 30 described above but
includes a modified sealing member 35a and a modified connection
member 36a as shown in FIGS. 7-13. Like reference numerals have
been used to describe like components of closure system 30a and
closure system 30.
[0128] In this embodiment, connection member 36a includes a center
84 and a spoke 85 interconnecting center 84 and continuous ring
74a, as most clearly seen in FIGS. 8 and 10. The spoke
configuration of connection member 36a allows central positioning
of a injection molding hot tip. Although only one spoke 85 is
illustrated, one should appreciate that one, two, three or more
spokes may be utilized to provide a path of material from the
center to the continuous ring.
[0129] In the embodiment of FIGS. 7-13, recesses 79a are in the
form of channels which extend outwardly along a bottom surface of
annular bottom 58a and upwardly, along an outer surface of inner
skirt 56a, and to an annular seal 87 that is monolithically formed
with connecting member 36a. As shown in FIG. 11, the annular seal
extends up and around the upper portion of container neck 57a and
provides a significant sealing surface. Optionally, annular seal 87
is provided with one or more sealing beads 88 to provide improved
sealing performance.
[0130] With reference to FIG. 10, membrane 62a of sealing member
35a has a dome shape. The dome configuration of the membrane allows
greater sealing force under vacuum and/or hot-fill applications.
For example, the vacuum created within container 31a during the
application process may tend to draw membrane 62a downward. With
the plug seal configuration of the present invention, such downward
force and/or motion may cause the outer perimeter membrane 62a to
slightly expand whereby a lower portion of inner skirt 56a will
exert a force against the inside surface of container neck 57a and
thus improve sealing performance.
[0131] In operation and use, closure system 30a is used in
substantially the same manner as closure system 30 discussed
above.
[0132] In another embodiment of the present invention, closure
system 30b is similar to closure systems 30 and 30a described above
but includes an integral sealing and connection member generally
designated by the numeral 91, hereinafter integral member 91, as
shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. Like reference numerals have been used to
describe like components of closure system 30b and closure systems
30 and 30a.
[0133] In this embodiment, integral member 91 incorporates membrane
62b and gripping member 63b as well as protrusions 76b in a
monolithically formed component. Preferably, integral member 91 is
formed of polypropylene, high-density polyethylene (HDPE),
low-density polyethylene (LDPE), or a thermoplastic elastomer
(TPE). One should appreciate that other suitable materials can be
used to form the integral member in accordance with the present
invention.
[0134] Membrane 62b of integral member 91 substantially seals the
aperture formed by inner edge 61b in a manner similar to that
discussed above with reference to the embodiment shown in FIGS.
7-13. Likewise, protrusions 76b releasably and mechanically
interconnect membrane 62b and closure base 34b in a manner similar
to that discussed above. The monolithic configuration of integral
member 91 may simplify the design and production of the closure
system because the protrusions 76b facilitate flow of molten
plastic during injection molding from the membrane 62b to the
closure base 34b. However, one will appreciate that the integral
member must have sufficient structural integrity that protrusions
76b will yield and separate from the corresponding structure of
closure base 34b with acceptable pull force and before gripping
member 63b fails and is torn away from membrane 62b.
[0135] One will also appreciate that the integral member may take
other forms and configurations in accordance with the present
invention. For example, an integral member may be formed by
monolithically forming sealing member 35 and connection member 36
as a single component that is releasably connected to closure base
34. Alternatively, an integral member may be formed by
monolithically forming connection member 36 and closure base 34 as
a single component in which case sealing member 35 is releasably
connected to the integral member.
[0136] In operation and use, closure system 30b is used in
substantially the same manner as closure systems 30 and 30a
discussed above,
[0137] In yet another embodiment, closure system 30c is similar to
closure systems 30, 30a and 30b described above but includes a
retainer 49c used in combination with a monolithically-formed
closure base, sealing member and connecting member, hereinafter
fitment member 95, as shown in FIG. 16. Like reference numerals
have been used to describe like components of closure system 30c
and closure systems 30, 30a and 30b.
[0138] In this embodiment, fitment member 95 includes a connecting
member in the form of a circular line of weakness 96 that
interconnects sealing member 35c and closure base 34c in a manner
similar to a conventional fitment of the type disclosed by U.S.
Pat. No. 6,464,096 to Adams et al, the entire content of which is
incorporated herein by this reference. In the illustrated
embodiment, the circular line of weakness is formed by a downward
facing groove, however, one will appreciate that an upward facing
groove may be utilized. Preferably, fitment member 95 is formed of
low-density polyethylene (LDPE), however, one should appreciate
that other suitable materials can be used to form the fitment
member in accordance with the present invention.
[0139] In this embodiment, at FIG. 16 retainer 49c includes
projecting members, such as gussets 51c, to cooperate with
corresponding structure on the container neck. The gussets 51c are
modified to include an upper spiked edge extending above the top
edge of retaining band 50c. The spiked configuration of gussets 51c
not only allows the gussets to cooperate with corresponding
structure on the container neck spaced radially inward from
retaining band 50c but also allows the gussets to cooperate with
corresponding structure on the container neck that is axially
spaced above retaining band 50c.
[0140] Fitment member 95 is applied to a container such that
retainer 49c engages the container in a snap-on manner similar to
that of retainer 49 discussed above. In operation and use, closure
system 30c is used in substantially the same manner as closure
systems 30, 30a and 30b discussed above.
[0141] In another embodiment of the present invention shown in
FIGS. 17-25, closure system 30d is similar to those described above
but includes a modified closure base 34d. Like reference numerals
have been used to describe like components of closure system 30d
and those of the closure systems described above.
[0142] In this embodiment, closure system 34d and sealing member
35d are monolithically formed and are interconnected by a line of
weakness 96d in a manner similar to that discussed above. One will
appreciate that one or more of the following features of closure
system 30d may be utilized on any one of the closure systems
described above.
[0143] In this embodiment, closure base 34d includes a retainer in
the form of a plurality of retaining flaps 99 which extend radially
inwardly and upwardly from a lower portion 48d of outer skirt 40d
thus forming a 3-shaped structure that is dimensioned and
configured to cooperate with a locking surface of the container
(e.g., locking surface 52a shown in FIG. 10 and locking surface 52d
shown in FIG. 21). In the illustrated embodiment, the closure base
includes eight retaining flaps, however, one will appreciate that
the number of retaining flaps may vary.
[0144] Unlike the above described retainers or retaining means,
each retaining flap 99 includes an oblique, inwardly directed wing
100 that is dimensioned to closely conform to neck finish 32d of
container 31d and engage locking surface 52d of the container neck
finish 32d when the closure base is mounted on the container. As
the retaining flaps are relatively flexible, the retaining flaps
are hinged with respect to lower portion 48d, whereby wings 100
initially extend substantially horizontally (see FIG. 19) and upon
application to the container, the lower portion of flaps 99 extend
substantially vertically (see FIG. 24).
[0145] In the illustrated embodiment, wing 100 extends obliquely
with respect to the lower portion of retaining flap 99, preferably
in the range of approximately 120.degree. to 150.degree., and more
preferably approximately 135.degree.. Wing 100 also includes a
curved inner edge 102 and a lower concave face 103. The concave
face is dimensioned to closely approximate the outer diameter of
the container neck finish below the locking surface (see, e.g.,
locking surface 52d in FIG. 21). The concave configuration of the
face allows the majority of the inner edge to abut against the
locking surface instead of tangential contact if the face were
flat. Thus, the concave configuration increases the amount of
contact between inner edge 102 and locking surface 52d when closure
base 34d is applied to the container 31d as compared to prior
restraining devices. Furthermore, the dogleg configuration of flap
99 (as shown in FIG. 24) ensures that an inner edge 102 of wing 100
remains positioned below locking surface 52d.
[0146] With reference to FIG. 19, the closure base is also provided
with a plurality of circumferentially spaced biasing ribs 104 that
extend radially inward from an inner surface of outer skirt 40d.
The biasing ribs 104 are dimensioned and configured to abut against
and bias retaining flaps 99 inwardly such that inner edge 102 of
wing 100 remains below locking surface 52d. The provision of
biasing ribs 104 may also minimize the amount of material necessary
to form the closure base. For example, since the biasing ribs 104
abut against and thus bias wings 100 inwardly, the wall thickness
of flaps 99 and wings 100 need not be sufficiently thick to provide
a rigid member.
[0147] Each retaining flap 99 includes a projecting member, such as
a gusset 51d, which is dimensioned to cooperate with corresponding
structure, such as an anti-rotation structure, 105 located on neck
finish 32d of container 31d. As shown in FIG. 20, anti-rotation
structure 105 includes a plurality of teeth 106 circumferentially
spaced about the neck finish of container 31d below the locking
surface 52d. As the effective inner diameter of gussets 51d is less
than the effective outer diameter of teeth 106, gussets 51d will
abut against a respective tooth 106 and thus prevent rotation of
closure base 34d with respect to the neck finish of container
31d.
[0148] The anti-rotation configuration not only facilitates removal
of reclosure cap 45d from closure base 34d by preventing the
rotation of the closure base 34d, the anti-rotation configuration
also prevents removal of the closure base 34d from the container
31d. As one familiar with the field of closures will appreciate,
removal of a snap-on closure may be facilitated by twisting or
rotating the snap-on closure relative to the container while
axially pulling the snap-on closure away from the container. Thus,
preventing rotation of the closure base will further prevent
removal of the closure base from the container.
[0149] Closure base 34d is also provided with a plurality of
vertical lines of weakness similar to those described above. In
this embodiment, lines of weakness 53d extend upwardly along lower
skirt portion 48d. In the illustrated embodiment, the lines of
weakness extend substantially vertically, however, one will
appreciate that the lines of weakness may extend obliquely with
respect to the bottom of lower skirt portion. Also, lines of
weakness 53d are provided on an interior surface of lower skirt
portion 48d that extends below retaining flaps 99, however, the
lines of weakness may be provided on an external surface of the
lower skirt portion. Furthermore, one will appreciate that the
lines of weakness may be symmetrically or asymmetrically around the
outer skirt.
[0150] In this embodiment, the wall thickness of lower skirt
portion 48d is significantly thinner than outer skirt 40d, and the
wall thickness of vertical lines of weakness 53d is thinner still.
Thus, the force required to split lower skirt portion 48d is
minimal whereby substantially any attempt to pry closure base 34d
from the container neck 32d will cause lower portion 48d to split
along one or more vertical lines of weakness 53d thus providing
visible evidence that the contends of the container may have been
accessed and/or tampered with. One will appreciate that the wall
thickness of the vertical lines of weakness and the wall thickness
of the lower skirt portion may vary in accordance with the present
invention. One will appreciate that the number of vertical lines of
weakness, and the location (e.g., internal, external, or
combination thereof) may also vary.
[0151] In this embodiment, annular top 39d extends inwardly from
the top of outer skirt 40d, as shown in FIG. 19, and allows for a
lower-profile reclosure cap configuration. For example, the plug
46d of reclosure cap 45d may be dimensioned to provide an
interference fit with inner skirt 56d. Such a configuration thus
provides a primary sealing surface, once sealing member 35 is
removed, between reclosure cap 45d and closure base 34d that is
closer to the container aperture.
[0152] In operation and use, closure system 30d is used in
substantially the same manner as the closure systems discussed
above.
[0153] In another embodiment of the present invention shown in
FIGS. 26-30, closure system 30e is similar in some aspects to those
described above but includes a low-profile closure base that is
designed for use with containers having a relatively wide-profile
opening. Like reference numerals have been used to describe like
components of closure system 30e and those of the closure systems
described above.
[0154] Closure system 30e is dimensioned and configured such that
it may be used with containers having a relatively low profile and
a relatively large container opening. For example, closure system
30e may be used in combination with cosmetics containers, however,
one will appreciate that closure system 30e may be used in
combination with other types of containers including, but not
limited to, beverage containers.
[0155] As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, closure system 30e includes a
closure base 34e that is adapted for mounting on the container, a
sealing member 35e for sealing the container opening and thus the
contents of the container, and a connection member 36e for
releasably connecting the sealing member 35e to the closure base
34e.
[0156] With reference to FIGS. 29 and 30, closure base 34e includes
an annular top 39e and an outer skirt 40e depending downwardly from
an outer periphery of annular top 39e. A lower portion of skirt 40e
includes retaining structure in the form of a retaining bead 109
which securely mounts closure base 34e on a container in a well
known manner.
[0157] As most clearly shown in FIGS. 29 and 30, closure system 30e
also includes a sealing member 35e which is dimensioned and
configured to substantially seal the aperture formed by inner edge
61e of the closure base and thus seal the container. Sealing member
35e generally includes a relatively thin membrane 62e and a
gripping member 63e. Membrane 62e has an outer diameter that is
slightly less than the inner diameter of the aperture formed by
inner edge 61e.
[0158] In the illustrated embodiment, gripping member 63e in the
form of a pull-ring 71e that is connected to membrane 62e by post
72e and forms a generally circular loop. The loop is dimensioned to
receive the finger of a consumer thus allowing the consumer to grip
and pull the pull-ring in order to remove sealing member 35e from
closure base 34e.
[0159] Connection member 36e connects and joins membrane 62e of
sealing member 35e to annular ring 58e of closure base 34e in such
a way that the connection member sealingly bonds but does not
integrally bond to at least one of the sealing member and the
closure base, namely, the component is formed of the different
material.
[0160] In this embodiment, connection member 36e includes a center
84e and a plurality of spokes 85e interconnecting center 84e and a
continuous ring 74e, as most clearly seen in FIG. 27. The spoke
configuration of connection member 36e allows central positioning
of a injection molding hot tip. Although four spokes 85e are
illustrated, one should appreciate that one, two, three or more
spokes may be utilized to provide a path of material from the
center to the continuous ring.
[0161] Frangible bridges 110 may be provided, however, that extend
between closure base 34e and sealing member 35e. The frangible
bridges may serve to provide a path for material to flow during the
molding process from the sealing member to the closure base (and/or
vise versa) and/or to position sealing member with respect to the
closure base.
[0162] Preferably, closure system 34e is manufactured utilizing
multi-shot or over-molding injection molding technologies. For
example, closure base 34e and sealing member 35e are formed with a
first injected shot utilizing a first mold core and/or cavity
followed by in situ molding of connecting member 36e in a
subsequent shot utilizing a second mold core and/or cavity. In this
manner, a very precise and intimate joining of the complementary
mechanical interlocking structures between connection member 36e
and closure base 34e, as well as between the connection member and
sealing member 35e, can be achieved.
[0163] In operation and use, closure system 30e is used in
substantially the same manner as those discussed above.
[0164] In another embodiment of the present invention shown in
FIGS. 31-33, closure system 30f, in some aspects, is similar to
those described above. Like reference numerals have been used to
describe like components of closure system 30f and those of the
closure systems described above.
[0165] As shown in FIG. 31, closure system 30f includes a closure
base 34f that is adapted for mounting on the container, a sealing
member 35f for sealing the opening and thus the contents of the
container, and a connection member 36f for releasably connecting
the sealing member 35f to the closure base 34f.
[0166] With reference to FIGS. 31 and 32, closure base 34f is in
the form of an annular ring 113 that is applied to a container
about the opening thereof. The annular ring may be adhered, heat
sealed, or otherwise affixed to the container by suitable
well-known means.
[0167] As most clearly shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, closure system 30f
also includes a sealing member 35f which is dimensioned and
configured to substantially seal the aperture formed between inner
edge 61f of the closure base and the outer periphery of membrane
62f of the sealing member, and thusly seal the container. Sealing
member 35f generally includes a relatively thin membrane 62f and a
gripping member 63f. Membrane 62f has an outer diameter that is
slightly less than the inner diameter of the aperture formed by
inner edge 61f.
[0168] In the illustrated embodiment, gripping member 63f in the
form of a pull tab 114 that is connected to membrane 62f adjacent
the perimeter thereof. The tab is dimensioned to allow a consumer
to grip and pull the pull tab in order to remove sealing member 35f
from closure base 34f.
[0169] Connection member 36f connects and joins membrane 62f of
sealing member 35f to annular ring 58f of closure base 34f in such
a way that the connection member sealingly bonds but does not
integrally bond to at least one of the sealing member and the
closure base. The "non integral" connection is achieved by proper
choice of materials for the various components different material
such that controlled adhesion is achieved without integral
bonding.
[0170] With reference to FIG. 33, connection member 36f includes a
continuous ring 74f which extend circumferentially around the
sealing member and fills the void between the sealing member and
the closure base 34f. The connection member 36f also includes an
upper flange 116 and a lower flange 117 which provide the
connection member with a substantially I-shaped cross-section. The
I-shaped configuration enhances the structural integrity of the
mechanical joint by providing opposing channels that receive and
thus engage the closure base and the sealing member,
respectively.
[0171] In the illustrated embodiment, the upper and lower flanges
do not extend completely around the sealing member but instead
terminate on either side of the pull tab. In this embodiment,
material forming the sealing member 35f and closure base is the
same and an integral connection is made between the two in the
region of the pull tab. This region facilitates flow during
molding. One will appreciate that the flanges 116 and 117 may
extend continuously 360.degree. around the sealing member.
[0172] Connection member 36f also includes a center 84f and a
plurality of spokes 85f interconnecting center 84f and a continuous
ring 74f, as most clearly seen in FIG. 32. The spoke configuration
of connection member 36f allows central positioning of a injection
molding hot tip in the same manner as discussed above.
[0173] Preferably, closure system 30f is manufactured utilizing
multi-shot or over-molding injection molding technologies. For
example, closure base 34f and sealing member 35f are formed with a
first injected shot utilizing a first mold core and/or cavity
followed by in situ molding of connecting member 36f in a
subsequent shot utilizing a second mold core and/or cavity. In this
manner, a very precise and intimate joining of the complementary
mechanical interlocking structures between connection member 36f
and closure base 34f, as well as between the connection member and
sealing member 35f, can be achieved. To facilitate molding and
positioning, frangible bridges such as those shown in FIG. 26 at
110, may be provided that extend between closure base 34f and
sealing member 35f in the same manner discussed above.
[0174] In operation and use, closure system 30f is used in
substantially the same manner as those discussed above.
[0175] In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
FIGS. 34 and 35, closure system 30g is similar to closure system
30e described above but includes a special container and cap
configuration having a low profile and aesthetically pleasing
design. Like reference numerals have been used to describe like
components of 30g and 30f.
[0176] Container 31g includes a neck finish 120 having a vertical
stretch 121 which has an annular top 122 as well as cap-engaging
structure in the form of external threads 43g below the annular
top. Unlike prior containers, container 31g further includes a
reduced wall-thickness annular flange 124 extending upwardly from
annular top 122 of the vertical stretch and substantially defines
the container opening. As will become more apparent below, the
configuration of the annular flange allows a low-profile fitment to
be used in an aesthetically pleasing manner.
[0177] Closure system 30g includes a closure base 34g which has a
removable sealing member 35g which defines a dispensing aperture
when removed from the closure base. The closure base is mounted on
container 31g in a similar manner as closure system 30e discussed
above. In particular, the closure base includes an annular top 39g,
an outer skirt 40g depending downwardly from an outer periphery of
the annular top, and a retaining bead 109g which extends inwardly
from a lower portion of the outer skirt. Retaining bead 109g and
annular flange 124 are dimensioned and configured to interengage
and secure closure base 34g to container 31g.
[0178] In accordance with the present invention, the wall thickness
T of annular top 122 is less than the wall thickness of vertical
stretch 121 thus providing clearance for the closure system with
respect to the container 31g and reclosure cap 45g in several
aspects. Preferably, annular flange 124 includes an annular
shoulder 125 dimensioned and configured to provide locking
engagement with the retaining bead.
[0179] Reclosure cap 45g has container-engaging structure in the
form of internal threads 44g. Internal and external threads 44g and
43g cooperate to releasably mount the cap 45g to the container 31g
in an otherwise conventional manner. One will appreciate, however,
that other forms of cap-engaging and container-engaging structures
may also be used, such as snap-on/snap-off configurations.
[0180] Reclosure cap 45g also includes a plug 127 that is
dimensioned and configured to engage the inner skirt 56g of the
closure base 34g to provide a fluid-tight seal when the cap is
fully mounted on the container.
[0181] As most clearly shown in FIG. 35, an inner diameter of inner
skirt 56g is greater than an inner diameter of neck finish 120 and
thus prevents closure base 31g from retaining contents dispensed
from the container. To provide clearance for the inner skirt, neck
finish 120 includes a notch 129 that extends downwardly from an
inner diameter of annular flange 124. As shown in FIG. 34, the
notch preferably extends lower than an upper portion of
cap-engaging structure 43g. Since the inner diameter of inner skirt
56g is greater than that of vertical stretch 121, the inner skirt
will not interfere with liquid (or other dispensed contents) and
nor cause contents to pool within the neck finish.
[0182] In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
FIGS. 36 and 37, closure system 30h is similar to closure systems
30a-30d described above but includes a closure base 34h having a
pouring lip 132. Like reference numerals have been used to describe
like components of 30h and 30a-30d.
[0183] Like the closure systems described above, closure 30h
includes a closure base 34h that is adapted for mounting on a
container adjacent the container opening and a sealing member 35h
for closing a dispensing aperture of the closure as well as the
container opening. The closure base includes an annular top 39h, an
outer skirt 40h depending from an outer periphery of the annular
top, and an inner skirt 56h depending from an inner periphery of
the annular top. Closure base further including a retainer 49h
extending inwardly from a lower portion of the outer skirt and
configured for non-releaseable engagement the container.
[0184] Closure 30h, as mentioned above, includes pouring lip 132
which extends upwardly and outwardly from the outer periphery of
annular top 39h. The pouring lip extends above the annular top at
least approximately 0.005 inches, preferably in the range of
approximately 0.005 to 0.010 inches, and in one embodiment, extends
approximately 0.008 inches. The pouring lip also extends outwardly
from the annular top at least approximately 0.005 inches,
preferably in the range of approximately 0.005 to 0.010 inches, and
in one embodiment, extends approximately 0.008 inches. The pouring
lip is dimensioned and configured to reduce run-off of liquids
flowing from the container down the outer skirt.
[0185] Referring now back to FIG. 16, it is seen that inner skirt
56c extends vertically downward before merging with the generally
horizontal structure of the annular bottom 58 and the sealing
member 35c. This "well" defined by the vertical stretch of the
inner skirt 56c is generally made deep enough to easily accommodate
the height of the pull-ring 71c and allow sufficient space between
the pull-ring 71c and membrane 35c to permit the consumer's finger
to easily grasp the pull ring. In addition, the conventional "line
of weakness" 96 is shown to be formed by a rectangular cutout. It
has been observed that the relatively deep pocket formed by the
space between the inner skirt 56c and the outer skirt 40c, plus the
sharp 90 degree surface turns shown in FIG. 16, could make
effective contact by a sterilizing solution difficult. In addition,
the small cutout associated with the "line of weakness" 96 could be
difficult to effectively clean with sterilizing solution. As a
result, the structure as depicted in FIG. 16 may not be suitable
for aseptic applications.
[0186] FIG. 38a is a view similar to FIG. 16 of an alternate
structure suitable for solution sterilizing. In the FIG. 38a
embodiment, the vertical extent of the inner skirt 56i is minimized
to only that necessary to form a sufficient seal surface for the
plug of a reclosure cap. The frangible line of weakness 96i is
formed by a "V shaped" material cutout rather than the restricted
access structure of the rectangular cutout of the conventional line
of weakness shown in FIG. 16. The sealing membrane 35i of the FIG.
38a embodiment is dished downward to ensure easy access to the pull
ring 71i. In addition, this dished structure directs sterilizing
solution sprayed from the bottom of the closure into a flow path
designated as arrows FP which is more accessible to the pocket
formed between skirt 56i and outer skirt 40i. This additional
access is produced by the shortening of skirt 56i. Of course, the
cap of FIG. 38a remains suitable for other sterilizing techniques,
such as irradiation, while providing the improved flow path FP
adapted for wet disinfectant flow.
[0187] FIG. 38a further shows additional structure intended to
ensure adequate performance in sterile, extended life packaging.
Specifically, the FIG. 38a embodiment shows internal thread 140 to
permit threaded application to a container neck 220 having
complimentary threads 222 (shown in FIG. 38c). In addition, the
FIG. 38a embodiment includes dual vertically depending seal beads
142 to engage the top surface 224 of the container neck 220. Other
types of seal structure known to the art could shade internal
surfaces from sterilizing solution. The mechanical advantage of
threaded application to a container neck ensures adequate contact
pressure of the seal beads 142 to the top surface of the container
neck. Further FIGS. 38a through 38d show a plurality of retaining
flaps 99i of hinged flexibility extending radially inwardly, and
optionally downwardly, from a lower portion of the outer skirt 40i
wherein each retaining flap includes a wing 100i attached to an
interior surface of the outer skirt 40i at a hinge 101i, the wing
100i further has a flat inner edge or surface 102i adapted to
engage the locking surface of a container neck. In similar manner
and function as previously described with respect to other
embodiments herein, at least one, or preferably each, retaining
flap 99i has one or more projecting members, such as gusset(s) 51i,
dimensioned to cooperate with corresponding structure, such as
anti-rotation structure, of a neck finish. Specifically, as in FIG.
38a, a single gusset 51i extending vertically along a central
portion of a lower surface of retaining flap 99i may be dimensioned
and configured to abut against and cooperatively engage the
corresponding structure of a neck finish, such as a plurality of
teeth 226 circumferentially spaced about the neck finish of the
container neck 220 as previously discussed herein. Alternatively,
as illustrated at FIG. 41a, a lower surface of a retaining flap 99j
may comprise a tiered gusset structure 190 formed of a plurality of
contact ridges wherein a first leading, larger, and dominant
contact ridges 192 protects at least one or more subsequent,
smaller, and subservient ridges 194 from damage during contact with
such neck finish teeth. In this way a dominant contact ridge 192 of
a tiered gusset structure 190 undertakes greater abrasive wear from
such contact in effect sacrificing itself for protection of one or
more subsequent subservient contact ridges 194. Further
alternatively, as illustrated at FIG. 41b, a lower surface of a
retaining flap 99k may comprise a uniform flat head gusset
structure 191 formed of a plurality of uniform contact ridges 193
of similar shape, size, and dimension, each of which having a flat
head 195.
[0188] FIG. 39 shows a fitment closure similar to that of FIGS. 38a
and 38b assembled to a container neck 57i. The internal thread 140
mates with external thread 144 of the container to securely retain
the fitment closure to the bottle and supply adequate pressure of
the seal beads 142 to the annular top 39i of the container neck. In
the FIG. 39 embodiment of the fitment closure, knurls 156 have been
included to facilitate rotational threaded application of the
fitment to the container during the initial capping operation, such
as with a cap chuck. One will appreciate that while threaded
engagement is shown; other forms of closure/container engagements
may be suitable, including snap or even adhesive attachment.
Retainer 49i cooperates with neck finish 57i in essentially the
same way as described for previous embodiments. Also, as with
previous embodiments, a reclosure cap (not shown in FIG. 39) may be
supplied to complete the assembly. While the embodiments
illustrated in FIGS. 38a through 39 show external thread 43i
intended to engage a reclosure cap, one will understand that other
forms of retention such as complimentary snap beads could be chosen
if desired.
[0189] Numerous forms of reclosure cap may be chosen. For example,
FIG. 40 shows a view of the aseptically suitable membrane structure
described above used in conjunction with a "flip-top" dispensing
overclosure 150, such as one might choose for a dairy creamer.
Closure 150 has an arcuate top 160 connected to a base structure
generally indicated by numeral 162. Top 160 is hingedly connected
to base structure 162 by integral hinge 166. Base structure
comprises an outer skirt 164 and an inner skirt 168. Inner skirt
168 includes internal threads 170 which are complimentary to
external threads 43i on fitment outer skirt 40i. Depending from top
160 is hollow reclosure plug 172. Plug 172 interacts with
upstanding annular ring 174 to seal the system in its closed
position as shown. To open the reclosure cap, one pushes upward on
tab 176 to detach the snap engagement shown at 180. The arcuate top
160 then rotates about hinge 166, thereby separating the seal
between plug 172 and ring 174. Continued rotation of top 160 about
hinge 166 completely exposes orifice 158 to allow access to the
inner portion of the container. Reclosure cap 150 also includes a
second downwardly depending hollow plug 182. The outer diameter of
plug 182 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of shortened
inner skirt 56i. Thus plug 182 urges skirt 56i outward to enhance
the seal of skirt 56i against the inner wall of container neck 57i
as shown. In the embodiment of FIG. 40, the membrane fitment is
secured to the bottle using complimentary threads 144 and 140 as
shown. Other structural features of the membrane fitment of FIG. 40
are similar or identical to those described in conjunction with
FIGS. 38 and 39. The dispensing overclosure 150 also has an
expanded orifice generally indicated by numeral 158. This allows
the consumer to remove the membrane 35i on initial opening without
a requirement to first remove the reclosure cap 150. Initial
consumer opening can be accomplished by "flipping open" the closure
top and grasping the pull ring 71i. One then pulls up on the pull
ring to remove the sealing membrane 35i by actually pulling it
through orifice 158. This opening mechanism is a significant
advance in the art. Consumers have consistently objected to the
current requirement to remove the reclosure cap in order to remove
a primary foil type sealing member. Closure removal and foil
removal on initial package opening can be difficult and is often
messy. The instant invention allows elimination of this
requirement. Indeed, the instant invention may permit permanent
attachment of the reclosure cap to the container by, for example,
adhesive attachment.
[0190] FIG. 42 shows that the center-point 200 of a gripping member
63k, such as pull-ring 71k joined to a membrane 62K of a sealing
member 35k by post 72k, may be offset with respect to the
center-point 202 of a closure cap 204 so as to more readily allow a
consumer to gain finger access to the space 206 between the
pull-ring 71k and connection member 36k for removal of the sealing
member 35k from the closure base 34k in order to gain access to the
contents of a container.
[0191] Referring now to FIG. 43a, an embodiment is illustrated
similar to the embodiment of FIG. 38a. The FIG. 43a embodiment,
however, includes one or more retaining flaps 99m with projecting
members 230, such as contact ridges 232 (or ratchets). In the
particular embodiment of FIG. 43a, one or more retaining flaps 99m
include more than one contact ridge 232, and more specifically
includes three contact ridges 232. Unlike the tiered contact ridges
of the embodiment in FIG. 41a or the flat contact ridges of FIG.
41b, the FIG. 43a embodiment shows three similarly sized ramped
contact ridges 232. Referring also to FIG. 43b, the contact ridges
232 are dimensioned to cooperate with corresponding structure 242
on a neck finish 240. The corresponding structure 242 may include
anti-rotation structure such as ratchets 244 circumferentially
spaced around the neck finish 240 illustrated in FIG. 43b. The
fitment closure illustrated in FIG. 43a further includes knurls 234
deposed around a top section 236 of the fitment closure to
facilitate rotational threaded application of the fitment closure
to the neck finish. The number and placement of the knurls may be
changed without affecting the function thereof. In addition, an
outside surface 238 of the lower portion 239 of the outer skirt 40m
is slightly tapered from where the threaded structure 43m is
positioned.
[0192] Referring now to FIG. 44a, an embodiment is illustrated
similar to, in some respects, the embodiment of FIG. 43a. The FIG.
44a embodiment, however, includes an outside surface 246 of the
lower portion 247 of the outer skirt 40m that is stepped 248 from
where the threaded structure 43m is positioned. An over-cap
positioned over the fitment closure 30m could have the lower edge
of its depending cap skirt aesthetically placed over the outer
skirt 40m.
[0193] Referring now to FIGS. 45a and 45b, an embodiment is
illustrated similar to the embodiment of FIG. 44a. The FIG. 45a
embodiment includes flanges 250 extending outwardly from a lower
portion 252 of the outer skirt 40p. The FIG. 45a embodiment
includes a bottom flange 250 terminating from the outer skirt 40p
and having one or more fins 251. The one or more fins 251 are
positioned for engagement with corresponding engagement means on a
chuck during placement of the closure fitment onto the neck finish.
The engagement means on the chuck grasps the one or more fins 251
such that the closure fitment may be properly threaded or secured
onto the neck finish. The one or more fins 251 would be used
instead of the knurls 234. In various embodiments the fins 251 may
be circumferentially spaced and/or spaced at an equal angular
distance from one another, such that if four fins 251 are
positioned around the flange 250, each would be 90 degrees from one
another.
[0194] FIGS. 46a and 46b shows an embodiment of the closure fitment
30r having a removable membrane 35r, an internal threaded region
140r that mates with corresponding structure 262 on a neck finish
260, and an external threaded region 43r that mates with
corresponding structure on a cap (not shown). The closure fitment
30r further includes knurls 234 positioned on the external surface
264 of the lower portion 266 of the outer skirt 40r. In addition,
the closure fitment 30r includes one or more inner skirt ratchets
268 dimensioned to cooperate with one or more corresponding
structure on the neck finish 260, such as anti-rotational ratchet
structure 269 to facilitate anti-rotational movement of the closure
fitment 30r when secured onto the neck finish 260.
[0195] FIGS. 47a and 47b illustrated an embodiment of a closure
fitment 30s having a removable membrane 35s and an internal
threaded region 140s that mates with corresponding structure 282 on
a neck finish 280. The closure fitment 30s includes an outer skirt
40s with a lower section 270 that is positioned below a scored fine
272. Positioned on the internal surface of the lower section 270
are one or more retaining members 274. When the closure fitment 30s
is secured onto the neck finish 280, the retaining members 274 are
positioned over a locking surface 284 on the neck finish 280. The
locking surface 284/retaining members 274 prevent the closure
fitment 30s from being removed therefrom without damaging or
tearing the scored line 272, thereby creating a tamper-evident
structure. Other forms of retaining members 274 may be employed,
such as a single bead or J-band configuration circumferentially
positioned on the internal surface.
[0196] For convenience in explanation and accurate definition in
the appended claims, the terms "up" or "upper", "down" or "lower",
"inner" and "outer", "vertically" and "horizontally" and other
directionally relative terms are used to describe features of the
present invention with reference to the positions of such features
as displayed in the figures.
[0197] In many respects the modifications of the various figures
resemble those of preceding modifications and the same reference
numerals followed by the subscript "a", "b", "c", "d", etc.
designate corresponding parts.
[0198] The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the
present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration
and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit
the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many
modifications and variations are possible in light of the above
teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to
best explain the principles of the invention and its practical
application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best
utilize the invention and various embodiments with various
modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It
is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the
Claims appended hereto and their equivalents.
* * * * *