U.S. patent application number 12/517920 was filed with the patent office on 2011-01-20 for control structure for electro-mechanical camshaft phase shifting device.
This patent application is currently assigned to THE TIMKEN COMPANY. Invention is credited to Xiaolan Ai.
Application Number | 20110011359 12/517920 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39387258 |
Filed Date | 2011-01-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110011359 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ai; Xiaolan |
January 20, 2011 |
CONTROL STRUCTURE FOR ELECTRO-MECHANICAL CAMSHAFT PHASE SHIFTING
DEVICE
Abstract
A camshaft phase shifting device (30) includes a coaxially
arranged three-shaft gear system, having an input shaft (16), an
output shaft (14), and a control shaft (34) for adjusting the phase
angle between the input and output shafts (16, 14). The control
structure is a torque-based control structure. The dynamic response
of the gear system and thus the desired phase angle of a camshaft
(12) associated with the output shaft (16) is controlled and
adjusted by a controller (40) which produces a torque command based
on received signals. These signals include, but are not limited to,
cam shaft phase angle error signal, torque load, and/or angular
position signal of the camshaft (12), and relative speed signal
between the input and output shafts (16, 14). The torque command is
converted by an electric machine (32) into an electro-magnetic
torque exerting on the control shaft (34) of the camshaft phase
shifting device (30), and includes two parts, a feed forward part
to compensate for the known disturbances in system torques and a
feedback part to compensate for unknown disturbances.
Inventors: |
Ai; Xiaolan; (Massillon,
OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP;IP Department
100 North Tryon Street, 42nd Floor
Charlotte
NC
28202-4000
US
|
Assignee: |
THE TIMKEN COMPANY
Canton
OH
|
Family ID: |
39387258 |
Appl. No.: |
12/517920 |
Filed: |
December 4, 2007 |
PCT Filed: |
December 4, 2007 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2007/024822 |
371 Date: |
September 30, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60868644 |
Dec 5, 2006 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/90.17 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01L 1/352 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
123/90.17 |
International
Class: |
F01L 1/34 20060101
F01L001/34 |
Claims
1. A camshaft phase shifting device comprising: a coaxially
arranged three-shaft gear system, having an input shaft, an output
shaft, and a control shaft, said control shaft configured to adjust
a phase angle between said input shaft and said output shaft; a
friction self-locking mechanism responsive to said control shaft to
selectively phase-lock said input shaft and said output shaft; and
a controller operatively coupled to said control shaft, said
controller responsive to at least one input signal to regulate a
source of an applied electro-magnetic torque to said control shaft
to control said friction self-locking mechanism to unlock the phase
angle of said input shaft relative to said output shaft.
2. The camshaft phase shifting device of claim 1 wherein said
controller operates with a torque-based control structure.
3. The camshaft phase shifting device of claim 1 wherein said
controller is configured to generate a torque command to said
source of applied electro-magnetic torque in response to said at
least one plurality of input signal.
4. The camshaft phase shifting device of claim 1 wherein said at
least one input signal is selected from a set of input signals
including, but not limited to, a cam shaft phase angle error
signal, a torque load signal, an angular position signal of the cam
shaft, and relative speed signal between the input and output
shafts.
5. The camshaft phase shifting device of claim 1 wherein said
source of applied electro-magnetic torque is an electric machine
configured to exert said electro-magnetic torque on said control
shaft, said electric machine regulated by a torque command from
said controller.
6. The camshaft phase shifting device of claim 5 wherein said
torque command includes at least a feed-forward component to
compensate for known disturbances in system torques, and at least a
feedback component to compensate for unknown disturbances and to
track reference input.
7. The camshaft phase shifting device of claim 6 wherein said
feed-forward component of said torque command is calculated as:
T.sub.ffwd=T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.static+T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.friction=(1-SR.-
sub.0)T.sub.cam+sgn(v)f(T.sub.cam) where T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.static
is the torque load reflected on the control shaft based on
frictionless static equilibrium condition of the phase shifting
device; T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.friction is the force required to
overcome the frictional torque corresponding to the current control
shaft torque load; SR.sub.0 is the base speed ratio of the output
shaft relative to the input shaft; T.sub.cam is the cam shaft
torque load; sgn(v) represents the sign of a relative speed v
between the control shaft and the input shaft; and f(T.sub.cam)
represent the magnitude of the frictional torque
T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.function.
8. The camshaft phase shifting device of claim 7 wherein SR.sub.0
is calculated according to: SR 0 = N S 1 N S 2 N P 2 N P 1
##EQU00002## where N denotes the number of gear teeth with its
subscripts .sub.S1, S2, P1, and .sub.P2 representing a first sun
gear coupled to the input shaft, a second sun gear coupled to the
output shaft, a first planet gear engaged with the first sun gear,
and a second planet gear engaged with the second sun gear,
respectively; and wherein said first and second planet gears are
integral with a common planet carrier coupled to said control
shaft.
9. The camshaft phase shifting device of claim 1 wherein said
frictional self-locking mechanism is configured for transmitting
torque from said input shaft to said output shaft; and wherein an
application of torque to said control shaft controls said
frictional self-locking mechanism to selectively unlock the phase
angle of said input shaft relative to said output shaft.
10. A method for altering a camshaft phase angle for a camshaft
driven though a camshaft phase shifting device including coaxially
aligned input, output and control shafts, wherein the input shaft
and the output shaft are frictionally phase-locked by said control
shaft, comprising: regulating a torque applied to said control
shaft, wherein an application of torque to said control shaft
releases said frictional self-locking of said input shaft and said
output shaft to unlock said input shaft phase from phase-lock with
said output shaft phase.
11. The method of claim 10 for altering a camshaft phase angle
wherein said step of regulating said torque applied to said control
shaft is responsive to at least one input signal selected from a
set of input signals including, but not limited to, a cam shaft
phase angle error signal, a torque load signal, an angular position
signal of the cam shaft, and relative speed signal between the
input and output shafts.
12. The method of claim 10 for altering a camshaft phase angle
wherein said step of regulating said torque applied to said control
shaft includes controlling an electric machine configured to exert
an electro-magnetic torque on said control shaft.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is related to, and claims priority
from, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/868,644 filed
on Dec. 5, 2006, and which is herein incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention is related generally to a camshaft
adjustment mechanism for use in an internal combustion engine, and
in particular, to a control structure for an electro-mechanical
camshaft phase shifting device.
[0003] Camshaft phase shifting devices are used more often in
gasoline engines to vary valve timing for benefits of improving
fuel consumption and exhaust gas quality. There are many types of
cam shaft phase shifting devices. Hydraulic adjusters are commonly
seen in many current applications. The major challenges for
hydraulic adjusters includes improving slew rate in slow-speed
operation, maintaining accurate camshaft angular position, and
extending the operating temperature range. In addition, to reduce
high pollutant emissions, it is highly desirable to adjust the cam
phase angle before or during engine startup. This requires the
camshaft phase shifting device to be controlled prior to or during
engine startup. These challenges can only be met by
electro-mechanical camshaft phase shifting devices.
[0004] In co-pending WO International Application No.
PCT/US2007/078755 (Continuous Camshaft Phase Shifting Apparatus)
filed on Sep. 18, 2007 and herein incorporated by reference, an
electro-mechanic camshaft phase shifting device (eCPS) is
disclosed. The eCPS device includes a three-shaft gear unit and an
electric machine. According to the demand from engine electronic
control unit (ECU), the electric machine is operated in one of
three available modes, the neutral operating mode, the motoring
mode, and the generating mode, to achieve desired performance
objectives. The present invention discloses a control structure
that provides a concrete means for an eCPS device to realize these
operation modes. The disclosed control structure may additionally
be applied to regulate the operation of other similar
electro-mechanical camshaft phase shifting devices.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Briefly stated, the present disclosure provides a control
structure for electro-mechanic camshaft phase shifting devices in
general and a control structure for an electro-mechanic camshaft
phase shifting device with a self-locking mechanism in
particular.
[0006] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the camshaft
phase shifting device includes a coaxially arranged three-shaft
gear system, having an input shaft, an output shaft, and a control
shaft for adjusting the phase angle between the input and output
shafts. The control structure is a torque-based control structure.
The dynamic response of the gear system and thus the desired phase
angle of camshaft is controlled and adjusted by a controller (or
compensator) which produces a torque command based on received
signals. These signals include, but are not limited to, cam shaft
phase angle error signal (deviation of cam phase shift angle from
the reference value), torque load, and/or angular position signal
of the cam shaft, and relative speed signal between the input and
output shafts. This torque command (a voltage signal for example)
is then converted by an electric machine into an electro-magnetic
torque exerting on the control shaft of the camshaft phase shifting
device. The torque command includes two parts, a feed forward part
to compensate for the known disturbances in system torques and a
feedback part to clear up unknown disturbances and to track
reference change. Optionally, the controller may include an
on-and-off switch to turn off the torque command for energy savings
when self-locking mechanism is determined active.
[0007] The foregoing features, and advantages set forth in the
present disclosure as well as presently preferred embodiments will
become more apparent from the reading of the following description
in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] In the accompanying drawings which form part of the
specification:
[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a preferred control
structure for controlling an electro-mechanical cam phase shifting
device of the present invention;
[0010] FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an electro-magnetic cam phase
shifting device;
[0011] FIG. 3 is an input-output diagram for the control structure
of FIG. 1;
[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an alternate control
structure for controlling an electro-mechanical cam phase shifting
device of the present invention.
[0013] Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding
parts throughout the several figures of the drawings. It is to be
understood that the drawings are for illustrating the concepts set
forth in the present disclosure and are not to scale.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0014] The following detailed description illustrates the invention
by way of example and not by way of limitation. The description
enables one skilled in the art to make and use the present
disclosure, and describes several embodiments, adaptations,
variations, alternatives, and uses of the present disclosure,
including what is presently believed to be the best mode of
carrying out the present disclosure.
[0015] Turning to the figures, and to FIG. 1 in particular, a
preferred control structure for controlling an electro-mechanical
cam phase shifting device is shown generally. The system shown in
FIG. 1 is comprised of an engine 10, an engine control unit (ECU)
20, a phase shifting device 30, and a controller (or compensator)
40. The phase shifting device 30 is a three-shaft, positive
differential gear drive, having three co-axially arranged
rotate-able shafts, as is depicted in FIG. 2. The input shaft 16 is
connected through sprocket 18 and a chain drive (not shown) to
engine crank shaft. The output shaft 14 is connected to engine cam
shaft 12. The control shaft 34 is coupled to the rotor of an
electric machine 32.
[0016] The phase shifting device has a built-in frictional
self-locking mechanism, which enables the output shaft 14 to
lock-up with the input shaft 16, and therefore to transmit torque
between the two shafts with a 1:1 speed ratio. Under this
condition, there will be no phase shift between input shaft 16 and
output shaft 14. Frictional locking between the input shaft 16 and
the output shaft 14 can only be unlocked by applying an adequate
toque to the control shaft 34. The required torque is generated by
the electric machine 32 coupled to the shaft 34 in response to a
torque command received by the electric machine. When the phase
shifting device is unlocked, there may be a slight difference
between the input and output shaft speeds. This allows the cam
shaft connected to the output shaft 14 to shift in angular position
with respect to the input shaft 16.
[0017] The controller (or compensator) 40 generates the torque
command, which can be in the form of a voltage signal or any other
suitable signal form, based on information received by the
controller (or compensator) 40. The received information may
include, but is not limited to, a cam shaft phase shift set point
(reference), or an actual cam shaft phase shift measured and/or
computed from one or more angular position sensor signals. The
actual cam phase shift angle is compared to a reference value to
generate a differential (error) signal. The differential or error
signal is then communicated to a PID compensator 42 to generate a
feedback torque (torque adjustment) command. This feedback torque
command in turn is used to direct the electric machine for
controlling and adjusting the cam phase angle to reduce the error
signal to the input of the PID compensator 42. In doing so, the
desired cam phase shift is archived. For a torque based control
structure, the PID compensator is primarily a
proportional-and-derivative controller (PD).
[0018] In engine applications, there may be disturbances to the
control system. Shaft torque varies as a function of cam phase
angle during valve lift events. To improve the system response to a
reference input and the ability of the system to identify and/or
reject disturbances, it often is desirable to use a feed-forward
scheme to compensate any known disturbances. Therefore, controller
(or compensator) 40 may further include a feed-forward branch (or a
unit) 44 for processing and computing the anticipated torque
disturbances within the system. The resulting signal is fed forward
to, and combined with, the output signal of the PID controller,
forming the torque command signal. The anticipated torque
disturbance, also referred to as feed-forward torque, is determined
from two components, T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.static and
T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.friction. T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.static is
calculated from the frictionless static equilibrium condition of
the three-shaft gear drive, while T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.friction
represents the component required to overcome the frictional torque
for a current cam shaft torque load. The sign of
T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.friction is determined by the relative speed
between the control shaft 34 and the input shaft 16 (or the output
shaft 14). For the disclosed configuration of phase shifting device
shown in FIG. 2, the feed-forward torque is calculated as
T.sub.ffwd=T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.static+T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.friction=(1-SR-
.sub.0)T.sub.cam+sgn(v)f(T.sub.cam)
[0019] where T.sub.cam is the cam shaft torque load, which is a
function of cam phase angle and which can be expressed by an
analytical equation or by a look-up table. The value sgn(v)
represents sign of relative speed v between the control shaft 34
and the input shaft 16, while the function f(T.sub.cam) represent
the magnitude of the frictional torque
T.sub.rq.sub.--.sub.friction.
[0020] SR.sub.0 is the base speed ratio of output shaft 14 to the
input shaft 16, given by following equation
SR 0 = N S 1 N S 2 N P 2 N P 1 ##EQU00001##
[0021] where N denotes the number of gear teeth with its subscripts
.sub.S1, S2, P1, and .sub.P2 representing the first sun gear 31
coupled to the input shaft 16, the second sun gear 33 coupled to
the output shaft 14, the first planet gear 35 engaging the first
sun gear 31, and the second planet gear 37 engaging the second sun
gear 33, respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, the first and second
planet gears 35, 37 are integrally formed with, and carried on a
common planet assembly 39 which is supported by, and rotates with,
the control shaft 34.
[0022] Since, as described before, the phase shaft device features
a self-locking mechanism, it is possible to turn the controller and
the electric machine off for energy savings when the actual cam
phase shift angle is in a close proximity to the desired value (a
reference value or a set point). This is done, for example, by
commanding a zero torque to the electric machine. FIG. 3
illustrates an alternate implementation of the controller 40 in
simulation, where a power-on logic and power switch are shown in
separate blocks.
[0023] Optionally, the derivative portion of the PID compensator
may be moved to the feedback path to reduce the effects of impulses
(sudden changes) in reference input. FIG. 4 shows the corresponding
control structure for this optional configuration.
[0024] It is also possible to use other type of compensators with
alternative control laws, such as model predictive controller
(MPC), to replace the PID compensator 42, and the current invention
may include other embodiments that can be derived from the current
torque based control structure.
[0025] The present disclosure can be embodied in-part the form of
computer-implemented processes and apparatuses for practicing those
processes. The present disclosure can also be embodied in-part the
form of computer program code containing instructions embodied in
tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or
an other computer readable storage medium, wherein, when the
computer program code is loaded into, and executed by, an
electronic device such as a computer, micro-processor or logic
circuit, the device becomes an apparatus for practicing the present
disclosure.
[0026] The present disclosure can also be embodied in-part the form
of computer program code, for example, whether stored in a storage
medium, loaded into and/or executed by a computer, or transmitted
over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or
cabling, through fiber optics, or via electromagnetic radiation,
wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed
by a computer, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing the
present disclosure. When implemented in a general-purpose
microprocessor, the computer program code segments configure the
microprocessor to create specific logic circuits.
[0027] As various changes could be made in the above constructions
without departing from the scope of the disclosure, it is intended
that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not
in a limiting sense.
* * * * *