U.S. patent application number 12/882035 was filed with the patent office on 2011-01-06 for engineered anti-il-23 antibodies.
This patent application is currently assigned to Schering Corporation. Invention is credited to Brian M. Beyer, Richard N. Ingram, Yan-Hui Liu, Peter Orth, Leonard G. Presta.
Application Number | 20110002942 12/882035 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37685722 |
Filed Date | 2011-01-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20110002942 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Presta; Leonard G. ; et
al. |
January 6, 2011 |
Engineered Anti-IL-23 Antibodies
Abstract
Engineered antibodies to human IL-23p19 are provided, as well as
uses thereof, e.g. in treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune, and
proliferative disorders.
Inventors: |
Presta; Leonard G.; (San
Francisco, CA) ; Beyer; Brian M.; (Kenilworth,
NJ) ; Ingram; Richard N.; (Kenilworth, NJ) ;
Orth; Peter; (Kenilworth, NJ) ; Liu; Yan-Hui;
(Kenilworth, NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MERCK;C/O DNAX
LEGAL DEPARTMENT, 901 CALIFORNIA AVENUE
PALO ALTO
CA
94304
US
|
Assignee: |
Schering Corporation
Kenilworth
NJ
|
Family ID: |
37685722 |
Appl. No.: |
12/882035 |
Filed: |
September 14, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11511635 |
Aug 29, 2006 |
7807160 |
|
|
12882035 |
|
|
|
|
60713585 |
Aug 31, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/158.1 ;
435/320.1; 435/348; 435/358; 435/369; 435/69.6; 530/387.3;
530/389.2; 536/23.53 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 2039/505 20130101;
C07K 2317/24 20130101; A61P 35/00 20180101; A61P 1/04 20180101;
C07K 2317/92 20130101; A61P 37/06 20180101; C07K 2317/76 20130101;
A61P 19/02 20180101; A61P 25/00 20180101; C07K 2317/56 20130101;
A61P 43/00 20180101; A61P 29/00 20180101; A61P 17/06 20180101; A61P
1/00 20180101; A61P 37/00 20180101; C07K 2317/565 20130101; A61P
37/02 20180101; A61P 3/10 20180101; C07K 16/244 20130101; C07K
2317/73 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/158.1 ;
530/389.2; 536/23.53; 435/320.1; 435/348; 435/69.6; 530/387.3;
435/358; 435/369 |
International
Class: |
A61K 39/395 20060101
A61K039/395; C07K 16/24 20060101 C07K016/24; C07H 21/04 20060101
C07H021/04; C12N 15/63 20060101 C12N015/63; C12N 5/10 20060101
C12N005/10; C12P 21/04 20060101 C12P021/04; A61P 29/00 20060101
A61P029/00; A61P 19/02 20060101 A61P019/02; A61P 17/06 20060101
A61P017/06; A61P 37/00 20060101 A61P037/00 |
Claims
1. A binding compound that binds to human IL-23, comprising: at
least one antibody light chain variable region, or binding fragment
thereof, comprising at least one CDR sequences selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 81-89; and at least one antibody
heavy chain variable region, or binding fragment thereof,
comprising at least one CDR sequences selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 78-80.
2. The binding compound of claim 1, wherein: the antibody light
chain variable region, or binding fragment thereof, comprises at
least two CDR sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ
ID NOs: 81-89; and the antibody heavy chain variable region, or
binding fragment thereof, comprises at least two CDR sequences
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 78-80.
3. The binding compound of claim 1, wherein: the antibody light
chain variable region, or binding fragment thereof, has at least
three CDR sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NOs: 81-89; and the antibody heavy chain variable region, or
binding fragment thereof, has at least three CDR sequences selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 78-80.
4. The binding compound of claim 3, comprising: at least one CDRL1
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 81-83; at least one CDRL2
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 84-86; and at least one
CDRL3 from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 87-89;
5. The binding compound of claim 4, comprising: at least one CDRL1
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 69-71; at least one CDRL2
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 72-74; and at least one
CDRL3 from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 75-77;
6. A binding compound that binds to human IL-23, comprising: an
antibody light chain variable region, or binding fragment thereof,
comprising: at least one CDRL1 from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NOs: 69-71 or a variant thereof; at least one CDRL2 from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 72-74 or a variant thereof; at least one
CDRL3 from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 75-77 or a variant
thereof; and an antibody heavy chain variable region, or fragment
thereof, comprising the CDR sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 66-68 or a
variant thereof; wherein the variant comprises up to five
conservatively modified amino acid substitutions.
7. The binding compound of claim 6 wherein: CDRL1 comprises the
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 or a variant thereof; CDRL2 comprises the
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 or a variant thereof; and CDRL1 comprises
the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75 or a variant thereof.
8. A binding compound that binds to human IL-23, comprising: an
antibody light chain variable region, or binding fragment thereof,
comprising the sequence of residues 20-129 of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or
a variant thereof; and an antibody heavy chain variable region, or
binding fragment thereof, comprising the sequence of residues
20-134 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or a variant thereof; wherein the
variant comprises up to 20 conservatively modified amino acid
substitutions.
9. The binding compound of claim 8, wherein the binding compound is
an antibody or binding fragment thereof comprising: a light chain
variable region comprising residues 20-129 of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4;
and a heavy chain variable region comprising residues 20-134 SEQ ID
NO: 1 or 3.
10. The binding compound of claim 9, comprising: a light chain
consisting essentially of the mature form (residues 20-233) of SEQ
ID NO: 2; and a heavy chain consisting essentially of the mature
form (residues 20-464) of SEQ ID NO: 1.
11. A binding compound that binds to human IL-23 at an epitope
comprising residues 82-95 or residues 133-140 of SEQ ID NO: 29.
12. The binding compound of claim 11, wherein the binding compound
binds to an epitope comprising of residues 82-95 and residues
133-140 of SEQ ID NO: 29.
13. The binding compound of claim 12, wherein the binding compound
binds to an epitope comprising residues E82, G86, S87, D88, T91,
G92, E93, P94, S95, H106, P133, S134, Q135, P136, W137, R139 and
L140 of SEQ ID NO: 29.
14. A binding compound that binds to human IL-23, comprising: a
light chain variable region having at least 90% homology to
residues 20-129 of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4; and a heavy chain variable
region having at least 90% homology to residues 20-134 of SEQ ID
NO: 1 or 3.
15. An antibody that is able to block binding of the binding
compound of claim 4 to human IL-23 in a cross-blocking assay.
16. The binding compound of claim 4 wherein the binding compound
blocks IL-23 mediated activity.
17. An isolated nucleic acid encoding at least one of the light
chain variable region or heavy chain variable region of the binding
compound of claim 4.
18. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim 17
operably linked to control sequences that are recognized by a host
cell when the host cell is transfected with the vector.
19. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 18.
20. A method of producing a polypeptide comprising: culturing the
host cell of claim 19 in culture medium under conditions wherein
the nucleic acid sequence is expressed, thereby producing
polypeptides comprising the light and heavy chain variable regions;
and recovering the polypeptides from the host cell or culture
medium.
21. The binding compound of claim 4, further comprising a heavy
chain constant region comprising a .gamma.1 human heavy chain
constant region or a variant thereof, wherein the variant comprises
up to 20 conservatively modified amino acid substitutions.
22. The binding compound of claim 4, further comprising a heavy
chain constant region comprising a .gamma.4 human heavy chain
constant region or a variant thereof, wherein the variant comprises
up to 20 conservatively modified amino acid substitutions.
23. The binding compound of claim 4, wherein the binding compound
is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab,
Fab', Fab'-SH, Fv, scFv, F(ab').sub.2, and a diabody.
24. A method of suppressing an immune response in a human subject
comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an antibody
specific for IL-23, or a binding fragment thereof, in an amount
effective to block the biological activity of IL-23, wherein the
antibody is the antibody of claim 4.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the immune response is an
inflammatory response.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the subject has a disorder
selected from the group consisting of arthritis, psoriasis and
inflammatory bowel disease.
27. The method of claim 24, wherein the immune response is an
autoimmune response.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the subject has a disorder
selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, systemic
lupus erythematosus and diabetes.
29. The method of claim 24, wherein the subject has cancer.
30. The method of claim 24, further comprising administering an
immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory agent.
31. A composition comprising the binding compound of claim 4 in
combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or
diluent.
32. The composition of claim 31, further comprising an
immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory agent.
Description
[0001] This application is a Divisional of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 11/511,635, filed Aug. 29, 2006, which claims benefit of
U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/713,585, filed Aug. 31,
2005, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference
in its entirety.
[0002] The Sequence Listing filed electronically herewith is also
hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety (File Name:
BP06380US03 SeqListing.txt; Date Created: Sep. 8, 2010; File Size:
100 KB.)
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention relates generally to interleukin-23
p19 (IL-23p19) specific antibodies and uses thereof. More
specifically, the invention relates to humanized antibodies that
recognize human IL-23p19 and modulate its activity, particularly in
inflammatory, autoimmune and proliferative disorders.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The immune system functions to protect individuals from
infective agents, e.g., bacteria, multi-cellular organisms, and
viruses, as well as from cancers. This system includes several
types of lymphoid and myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages,
dendritic cells (DCs), eosinophils, T cells, B cells, and
neutrophils. These lymphoid and myeloid cells often produce
signaling proteins known as cytokines. The immune response includes
inflammation, i.e., the accumulation of immune cells systemically
or in a particular location of the body. In response to an
infective agent or foreign substance, immune cells secrete
cytokines which, in turn, modulate immune cell proliferation,
development, differentiation, or migration. Immune response can
produce pathological consequences, e.g., when it involves excessive
inflammation, as in the autoimmune disorders (see, e.g., Abbas, et
al. (eds.) (2000) Cellular and Molecular Immunology, W.B. Saunders
Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; Oppenheim and Feldmann (eds.) (2001)
Cytokine Reference, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.; von Andrian
and Mackay (2000) New Engl. J. Med. 343:1020-1034; Davidson and
Diamond (2001) New Engl. J. Med. 345:340-350).
[0005] Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric molecule composed
of p35 and p40 subunits. Studies have indicated that IL-12 plays a
critical role in the differentiation of naive T cells into T-helper
type 1 CD4.sup.+ lymphocytes that secrete IFN.gamma.. It has also
been shown that IL-12 is essential for T cell dependent immune and
inflammatory responses in vivo. (See, e.g., Cua, et al. (2003)
Nature 421:744-748. The IL-12 receptor is composed of IL-12beta1
and IL-12beta2 subunits.
[0006] Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine comprised
of two subunits, p19 which is unique to IL-23, and p40, which is
shared with IL-12. The p19 subunit is structurally related to IL-6,
granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and the p35 subunit
of IL-12. IL-23 mediates signaling by binding to a heterodimeric
receptor, comprised of IL-23R and IL-12.beta.1, which is shared by
the IL-12 receptor. A number of early studies demonstrated that the
consequences of a genetic deficiency in p40 (p40 knockout mouse;
p40KO mouse) were more severe than those found in a p35KO mouse.
Some of these results were eventually explained by the discovery of
IL-23, and the finding that the p40KO prevents expression of IL-12,
but also of IL-23 (see, e.g., Oppmann, et al. (2000) Immunity
13:715-725; Wiekowski, et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 166:7563-7570;
Parham, et al. (2002) J Immunol 168:5699-708; Frucht (2002) Sci
STKE 2002, E1-E3; Elkins, et al. (2002) Infection Immunity
70:1936-1948).
[0007] Recent studies, through the use of p40 KO mice, have shown
that blockade of both IL-23 and IL-12 is an effective treatment for
various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. However, the
blockade of IL-12 through p40, appears to have various systemic
consequences such as increased susceptibility to opportunistic
microbial infections.
[0008] The most significant limitation in using antibodies as a
therapeutic agent in vivo is the immunogenicity of the antibodies.
As most monoclonal antibodies are derived from rodents, repeated
use in humans results in the generation of an immune response
against the therapeutic antibody. Such an immune response results
in a loss of therapeutic efficacy at a minimum and a potential
fatal anaphylactic response at a maximum. Initial efforts to reduce
the immunogenicity of rodent antibodies involved the production of
chimeric antibodies, in which mouse variable regions were fused
with human constant regions. Liu et al. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 84:3439-43. However, mice injected with hybrids of human
variable regions and mouse constant regions develop a strong
anti-antibody response directed against the human variable region,
suggesting that the retention of the entire rodent Fv region in
such chimeric antibodies may still result in unwanted
immunogenicity in patients.
[0009] It is generally believed that complementarity determining
region (CDR) loops of variable domains comprise the binding site of
antibody molecules. Therefore, the grafting of rodent CDR loops
onto human frameworks (i.e., humanization) was attempted to further
minimize rodent sequences. Jones et al. (1986) Nature 321:522;
Verhoeyen et al. (1988) Science 239:1534. However, CDR loop
exchanges still do not uniformly result in an antibody with the
same binding properties as the antibody of origin. Changes in
framework residues (FR), residues involved in CDR loop support, in
humanized antibodies also are required to preserve antigen binding
affinity. Kabat et al. (1991) J. Immunol. 147:1709. While the use
of CDR grafting and framework residue preservation in a number of
humanized antibody constructs has been reported, it is difficult to
predict if a particular sequence will result in the antibody with
the desired binding, and sometimes biological, properties. See,
e.g., Queen et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:10029,
Gorman et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4181, and
Hodgson (1991) Biotechnology (NY) 9:421-5. Moreover, most prior
studies used different human sequences for animal light and heavy
variable sequences, rendering the predictive nature of such studies
questionable. Sequences of known antibodies have been used or, more
typically, those of antibodies having known X-ray structures,
antibodies NEW and KOL. See, e.g., Jones et al., supra; Verhoeyen
et al., supra; and Gorman et al., supra. Exact sequence information
has been reported for a few humanized constructs. The present
invention provides engineered IL-23p19 antibodies and uses thereof
to treat inflammatory, autoimmune, and proliferative disorders.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIGS. 1A-1C show comparisons of mouse anti-human IL-23p19
antibody clone heavy chain variable domain sequences. CDRs are
indicated, as are CDR consensus sequences, for clones 7G10, 6H12,
13F11, 13B5, 7E2, 13G1, 11C10, 1E10, 30F11, 34E4, 5B12, 6H4, 9C9,
11B10, 30E1, 33D2, 20A9, 22E9, 29D5, 21A10, 33B12, 10H11, 19E9,
10G8, 3D7, 39G2, 35F12, 49A10, 34F9, and 7D7.
[0011] FIGS. 2A-2C show comparisons of mouse anti-human IL-23p19
antibody clone light chain variable domain sequences. CDRs are
indicated for clones 7G10, 6H12, 13F11, 13B5, 7E2, 13G1, 11C10,
1E10, 30F11, 34E4, 5B12, 6H4, 9C9, 11B10, 33D2, 20A9, 22E9, 29D5,
21A10, 33B12, 10H11, 19E9, 10G8, 3D7, 39G2, 35F12, 49A10, 34F9, and
7D7. No light chain variable domain sequence is provided for clone
30E1. Consensus sequences are provided for each of three
subfamilies of light chain CDR sequences, referred to herein as
light chain subfamilies (a), (b) and (c). These sequence
subfamilies are displayed from top to bottom in FIGS. 2A-2C.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] The present invention is based on the observation that
blockade of IL-23 inhibits inflammation, autoimmunity, and abnormal
proliferation.
[0013] The present invention encompasses a binding compound, such
as an antibody or fragment thereof, including humanized or chimeric
recombinant antibodies, that binds human IL-23p19, comprising at
least one antibody light chain variable region, or binding fragment
thereof, having at least one, two or three CDRs selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 81-89. In one embodiment, the
binding compound of the present invention comprises a light chain
variable domain comprising at least one CDRL1 selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 81-83 and at least one CDRL2
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 84-86 and at
least one CDRL3 selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:
87-89.
[0014] In one embodiment, the binding compound comprises at least
one antibody heavy chain variable region, or binding fragment
thereof, having at least one, two or three CDRs selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 78-80.
[0015] In some embodiments, the binding compound comprises a
framework region, wherein the amino acid sequence of framework
region is all or substantially all of a human immunoglobin amino
acid sequence.
[0016] In another embodiment, the binding compound of the present
invention comprises at least one, two or three light chain CDRs
having the sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 81-89 or optionally a variant
thereof. In one embodiment, the binding compound comprises at least
one, two or three heavy chain CDRs having the sequence of SEQ ID
NOs: 78-80 or optionally a variant thereof. In various embodiments
the variant comprises up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more
conservatively modified amino acid residues relative to the
sequence of the respective SEQ ID NOs. Conservative amino acid
substitutions are provided at Table 1.
[0017] In other embodiments, the binding compound comprises at
least one antibody light chain variable region, or binding fragment
thereof, having at least one, two or three CDRs selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 69-77. In one embodiment, the
binding compound of the present invention comprises a light chain
variable domain comprising at least one CDRL1 selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 69-71 and at least one CDRL2
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 72-74 and at
least one CDRL3 selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:
75-77. In one embodiment, the binding compound comprises at least
one antibody heavy chain variable region, or binding fragment
thereof, having at least one, two or three CDRs selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 66-68.
[0018] In other embodiments, the binding compound of the present
invention comprises at least one, two or three light chain CDRs
having the sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 69-77 or a variant thereof. In
another embodiment, the binding compound of the present invention
comprises a light chain variable domain comprising at least one
CDRL1 selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 69-71 or a
variant thereof, and at least one CDRL2 selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 72-74 or a variant thereof, and at least
one CDRL3 selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 75-77
or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the binding compound of
the present invention comprises at least one, two or three heavy
chain CDRs having the sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 66-68 or a variant
thereof. In various embodiments the variant comprises up to 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more conservatively modified amino acid
residues relative to the sequence of the respective SEQ ID NOs.
[0019] In yet another embodiment, the binding compound of the
present invention comprises at least one, two or three light chain
CDRs selected from the group consisting of residues 43-53, 69-75
and 108-116 of SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 4, and at least one, two or three
heavy chain CDRs selected from the group consisting of residues
45-54, 69-85 and 118-123 of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 3.
[0020] In one embodiment, the binding compound comprises an
antibody light chain variable domain having the sequence of the
residues 20-129 of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4 or a variant thereof. In one
embodiment, the binding compound comprises an antibody heavy chain
variable domain having the sequence of residues 20-134 of SEQ ID
NO: 1 or 3 or a variant thereof. In various embodiments the variant
comprises up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 or 50
or more conservatively modified amino acid residues relative to the
sequence of the respective SEQ ID NOs.
[0021] In one embodiment, the binding compound comprises an
antibody light chain comprising, or consisting essentially of, the
sequence of the mature form (residues 20-233) of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4.
In one embodiment, the binding compound comprises an antibody heavy
chain comprising, or consisting essentially of, the sequence of the
mature form (residues 20-464) of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3.
[0022] In one embodiment, the binding compound of the present
invention binds to human IL-23p19 (SEQ ID NO: 29) at an epitope
comprising residues 82-95, or residues 133-140, or both. In another
embodiment the IL-23p19 binding compound binds to an epitope
comprising some or all of residues E82, G86, S87, D88, T91, G92,
E93, P94, S95, H106, P133, 5134, Q135, P136, W137, R139 and L140,
and optionally residues K83, F90 and L110. In various embodiments
the epitope for an antibody of interest is determined by obtaining
an X-ray crystal structure of an antibody:antigen complex and
determining which residues on IL-23p19 are within a specified
distance of residues on the antibody of interest, wherein the
specified distance is, e.g., 4 .ANG. or 5 .ANG.. In some
embodiments, the epitope is defined as a stretch of 8 or more
contiguous amino acid residues along the IL-23p19 sequence in which
at least 50%, 70% or 85% of the residues are within the specified
distance of the antibody.
[0023] In other embodiments, the present invention provides a
binding compound that binds to human IL-23 and has a light chain
variable domain (V.sub.L) with at least 95%, 90%. 85%, 80%, 75% or
50% sequence homology with the residues 20-129 of SEQ ID NO: 2 or
4. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a binding
compound that binds to human IL-23 and has a heavy chain variable
domain (V.sub.H) with at least 95%, 90%. 85%, 80%, 75% or 50%
sequence homology with residues 20-134 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3.
[0024] In one embodiment, the binding compound comprises, or
consists essentially of, an antibody having a light chain having
the sequence of the mature form (i.e. residues 20-233) of SEQ ID
NO: 2 or 4. In one embodiment, the binding compound comprises, or
consists essentially of, an antibody having a heavy chain having
the sequence of the mature form (i.e. residues 20-464) of SEQ ID
NO: 1 or 3.
[0025] In one embodiment, the invention relates to antibodies that
are able to block the binding of a binding compound of the present
invention to human IL-23 in a cross-blocking assay. In another
embodiment, the invention relates to binding compounds that are
able to block IL-23-mediated activity, such activities including
but not limited to, binding to its receptor or promoting the
proliferation or survival of T.sub.H17 cells.
[0026] In some embodiments, the binding compound of the present
invention further comprises a heavy chain constant region, wherein
the heavy chain constant region comprises a .gamma.1, .gamma.2,
.gamma.3, or .gamma.4 human heavy chain constant region or a
variant thereof. In various embodiments the light chain constant
region comprises a lambda or a kappa human light chain constant
region.
[0027] In various embodiments the binding compounds of the present
invention are polyclonal, monoclonal, chimeric, humanized or fully
human antibodies or fragments thereof. The present invention also
contemplates that the binding fragment is an antibody fragment
selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, Fv, scFv,
F(ab').sub.2, and a diabody.
[0028] The present invention encompasses a method of suppressing an
immune response in a human subject comprising administering to a
subject in need thereof an antibody (or a binding fragment thereof)
specific for IL-23 in an amount effective to block the biological
activity of IL-23. In some embodiments, the antibody specific for
IL-23 is the humanized or chimeric antibody. In further
embodiments, the immune response is an inflammatory response
including arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In
other embodiments, the immune response is an autoimmune response,
including multiple sclerosis, uveitis, systemic lupus erythematosus
and diabetes. In another embodiment, the immune response is to
cancer.
[0029] The present invention also contemplates administering an
additional immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory agent. The
binding compounds of the present invention can be in a composition
comprising the binding compound, or binding fragment thereof, in
combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
In a further embodiment, the composition further comprises an
immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory agent.
[0030] The present invention encompasses an isolated nucleic acid
encoding the polypeptide sequence of an antibody embodiment of the
binding compound of the present invention. The nucleic acid can be
in an expression vector operably linked to control sequences
recognized by a host cell transfected with the vector. Also
encompassed is a host cell comprising the vector, and a method of
producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the host cell under
conditions wherein the nucleic acid sequence is expressed, thereby
producing the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide from the
host cell or medium.
[0031] In various embodiments, the invention relates to medicaments
comprising the binding compounds of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] As used herein, including the appended claims, the singular
forms of words such as "a," "an," and "the," include their
corresponding plural references unless the context clearly dictates
otherwise. Table 7 below provides a listing of sequence identifiers
used in this application. All references cited herein are
incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual
publication, patent application, or patent, was specifically and
individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
I. Definitions
[0033] "Activation," "stimulation," and "treatment," as it applies
to cells or to receptors, may have the same meaning, e.g.,
activation, stimulation, or treatment of a cell or receptor with a
ligand, unless indicated otherwise by the context or explicitly.
"Ligand" encompasses natural and synthetic ligands, e.g.,
cytokines, cytokine variants, analogues, muteins, and binding
compositions derived from antibodies. "Ligand" also encompasses
small molecules, e.g., peptide mimetics of cytokines and peptide
mimetics of antibodies. "Activation" can refer to cell activation
as regulated by internal mechanisms as well as by external or
environmental factors. "Response," e.g., of a cell, tissue, organ,
or organism, encompasses a change in biochemical or physiological
behavior, e.g., concentration, density, adhesion, or migration
within a biological compartment, rate of gene expression, or state
of differentiation, where the change is correlated with activation,
stimulation, or treatment, or with internal mechanisms such as
genetic programming.
[0034] "Activity" of a molecule may describe or refer to the
binding of the molecule to a ligand or to a receptor, to catalytic
activity; to the ability to stimulate gene expression or cell
signaling, differentiation, or maturation; to antigenic activity,
to the modulation of activities of other molecules, and the like.
"Activity" of a molecule may also refer to activity in modulating
or maintaining cell-to-cell interactions, e.g., adhesion, or
activity in maintaining a structure of a cell, e.g., cell membranes
or cytoskeleton. "Activity" can also mean specific activity, e.g.,
[catalytic activity]/[mg protein], or [immunological activity]/[mg
protein], concentration in a biological compartment, or the like.
"Proliferative activity" encompasses an activity that promotes,
that is necessary for, or that is specifically associated with,
e.g., normal cell division, as well as cancer, tumors, dysplasia,
cell transformation, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
[0035] "Administration" and "treatment," as it applies to an
animal, human, experimental subject, cell, tissue, organ, or
biological fluid, refers to contact of an exogenous pharmaceutical,
therapeutic, diagnostic agent, or composition to the animal, human,
subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid. "Administration"
and "treatment" can refer, e.g., to therapeutic, pharmacokinetic,
diagnostic, research, and experimental methods. Treatment of a cell
encompasses contact of a reagent to the cell, as well as contact of
a reagent to a fluid, where the fluid is in contact with the cell.
"Administration" and "treatment" also means in vitro and ex vivo
treatments, e.g., of a cell, by a reagent, diagnostic, binding
composition, or by another cell. "Treatment," as it applies to a
human, veterinary, or research subject, refers to therapeutic
treatment, prophylactic or preventative measures, to research and
diagnostic applications. "Treatment" as it applies to a human,
veterinary, or research subject, or cell, tissue, or organ,
encompasses contact of an IL-23 agonist or IL-23 antagonist to a
human or animal subject, a cell, tissue, physiological compartment,
or physiological fluid. "Treatment of a cell" also encompasses
situations where the IL-23 agonist or IL-23 antagonist contacts
IL-23 receptor (IL-23R/IL-12Rbeta1 heterodimer), e.g., in the fluid
phase or colloidal phase, but also situations where the agonist or
antagonist does not contact the cell or the receptor.
[0036] As used herein, the term "antibody" refers to any form of
antibody or fragment thereof that exhibits the desired biological
activity. Thus, it is used in the broadest sense and specifically
covers monoclonal antibodies (including full length monoclonal
antibodies), polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g.,
bispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments so long as they
exhibit the desired biological activity.
[0037] As used herein, the term "IL-23p19 binding fragment" or
"binding fragment thereof" encompasses a fragment or a derivative
of an antibody that still substantially retain its biological
activity of inhibiting IL-23p19 activity. Therefore, the term
"antibody fragment" or IL-23p19 binding fragment refers to a
portion of a full length antibody, generally the antigen binding or
variable region thereof. Examples of antibody fragments include
Fab, Fab', F(ab').sub.2, and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear
antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules, e.g., sc-Fv; and
multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments. Typically,
a binding fragment or derivative retains at least 10% of its
IL-23p19 inhibitory activity. Preferably, a binding fragment or
derivative retains at least 25%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%
or 100% (or more) of its IL-23p19 inhibitory activity, although any
binding fragment with sufficient affinity to exert the desired
biological effect will be useful. It is also intended that a
IL-23p19 binding fragment can include conservative amino acid
substitutions that do not substantially alter its biologic
activity.
[0038] The term "monoclonal antibody", as used herein, refers to an
antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous
antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the
population are identical except for possible naturally occurring
mutations that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal
antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single
antigenic epitope. In contrast, conventional (polyclonal) antibody
preparations typically include a multitude of antibodies directed
against (or specific for) different epitopes. The modifier
"monoclonal" indicates the character of the antibody as being
obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies,
and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody
by any particular method. For example, the monoclonal antibodies to
be used in accordance with the present invention may be made by the
hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., (1975) Nature
256: 495, or may be made by recombinant DNA methods (see, e.g.,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567). The "monoclonal antibodies" may also be
isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques
described in Clackson et al., (1991) Nature 352: 624-628 and Marks
et al., (1991) J. Mol. Biol. 222: 581-597, for example.
[0039] The monoclonal antibodies herein specifically include
"chimeric" antibodies (immunoglobulins) in which a portion of the
heavy and/or light chain is identical with or homologous to
corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from a particular
species or belonging to a particular antibody class or subclass,
while the remainder of the chain(s) is identical with or homologous
to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from another
species or belonging to another antibody class or subclass, as well
as fragments of such antibodies, so long as they exhibit the
desired biological activity (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; and Morrison
et al., (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 6851-6855).
[0040] A "domain antibody" is an immunologically functional
immunoglobulin fragment containing only the variable region of a
heavy chain or the variable region of a light chain. In some
instances, two or more V.sub.H regions are covalently joined with a
peptide linker to create a bivalent domain antibody. The two
V.sub.H regions of a bivalent domain antibody may target the same
or different antigens.
[0041] A "bivalent antibody" comprises two antigen binding sites.
In some instances, the two binding sites have the same antigen
specificities. However, bivalent antibodies may be bispecific (see
below).
[0042] As used herein, the term "single-chain Fv" or "scFv"
antibody refers to antibody fragments comprising the V.sub.H and
V.sub.L domains of antibody, wherein these domains are present in a
single polypeptide chain. Generally, the Fv polypeptide further
comprises a polypeptide linker between the V.sub.H and V.sub.L
domains which enables the sFv to form the desired structure for
antigen binding. For a review of sFv, see Pluckthun (1994) THE
PHARMACOLOGY OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, vol. 113, Rosenburg and
Moore eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315.
[0043] The monoclonal antibodies herein also include camelized
single domain antibodies. See, e.g., Muyldermans et al. (2001)
Trends Biochem. Sci. 26:230; Reichmann et al. (1999) J. Immunol.
Methods 231:25; WO 94/04678; WO 94/25591; U.S. Pat. No. 6,005,079,
which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties). In
one embodiment, the present invention provides single domain
antibodies comprising two V.sub.H domains with modifications such
that single domain antibodies are formed.
[0044] As used herein, the term "diabodies" refers to small
antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, which fragments
comprise a heavy chain variable domain (V.sub.H) connected to a
light chain variable domain (V.sub.L) in the same polypeptide chain
(V.sub.H-V.sub.L or V.sub.L-V.sub.H). By using a linker that is too
short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain,
the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of
another chain and create two antigen-binding sites. Diabodies are
described more fully in, e.g., EP 404,097; WO 93/11161; and
Holliger et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6444-6448.
For a review of engineered antibody variants generally see Holliger
and Hudson (2005) Nat. Biotechnol. 23:1126-1136.
[0045] As used herein, the term "humanized antibody" refers to
forms of antibodies that contain sequences from non-human (e.g.,
murine) antibodies as well as human antibodies. Such antibodies
contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin. In
general, the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of
at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or
substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of
a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FR
regions are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence. The humanized
antibody optionally also will comprise at least a portion of an
immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human
immunoglobulin. The prefix "hum" is added to antibody clone
designations when necessary to distinguish humanized antibodies
(e.g. hum6H12) from parental rodent antibodies (e.g. mouse 6H12, or
"m6H12"). The humanized forms of rodent antibodies will generally
comprise the same CDR sequences of the parental rodent antibodies,
although certain amino acid substitutions may be included to
increase affinity or increase stability of the humanized
antibody.
[0046] The antibodies of the present invention also include
antibodies with modified (or blocked) Fc regions to provide altered
effector functions. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,821;
WO2003/086310; WO2005/120571; WO2006/0057702; Presta (2006) Adv.
Drug Delivery Rev. 58:640-656. Such modification can be used to
enhance or suppress various reactions of the immune system, with
possible beneficial effects in diagnosis and therapy. Alterations
of the Fc region include amino acid changes (substitutions,
deletions and insertions), glycosylation or deglycosylation, and
adding multiple Fc. Changes to the Fc can also alter the half-life
of antibodies in therapeutic antibodies, and a longer half-life
would result in less frequent dosing, with the concomitant
increased convenience and decreased use of material. See Presta
(2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116:731 at 734-35.
[0047] The term "fully human antibody" refers to an antibody that
comprises human immunoglobulin protein sequences only. A fully
human antibody may contain murine carbohydrate chains if produced
in a mouse, in a mouse cell, or in a hybridoma derived from a mouse
cell. Similarly, "mouse antibody" refers to an antibody which
comprises mouse immunoglobulin sequences only.
[0048] As used herein, the term "hypervariable region" refers to
the amino acid residues of an antibody that are responsible for
antigen-binding. The hypervariable region comprises amino acid
residues from a "complementarity determining region" or "CDR" (e.g.
residues 24-34 (CDRL1), 50-56 (CDRL2) and 89-97 (CDRL3) in the
light chain variable domain and residues 31-35 (CDRH1), 50-65
(CDRH2) and 95-102 (CDRH3) in the heavy chain variable domain;
Kabat et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological
Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Md.) and/or those residues from a "hypervariable
loop" (i.e. residues 26-32 (L1), 50-52 (L2) and 91-96 (L3) in the
light chain variable domain and 26-32 (H1), 53-55 (H2) and 96-101
(H3) in the heavy chain variable domain; Chothia and Lesk, (1987)
J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917). As used herein, the term "framework"
or "FR" residues refers to those variable domain residues other
than the hypervariable region residues defined herein as CDR
residues. The residue numbering above relates to the Kabat
numbering system and does not necessarily correspond in detail to
the sequence numbering in the accompanying Sequence Listing. See
Tables 2 and 3, in which sequence numbering is with reference to
the Sequence Listing.
[0049] "Binding compound" refers to a molecule, small molecule,
macromolecule, polypeptide, antibody or fragment or analogue
thereof, or soluble receptor, capable of binding to a target.
"Binding compound" also may refer to a complex of molecules, e.g.,
a non-covalent complex, to an ionized molecule, and to a covalently
or non-covalently modified molecule, e.g., modified by
phosphorylation, acylation, cross-linking, cyclization, or limited
cleavage, which is capable of binding to a target. When used with
reference to antibodies, the term "binding compound" refers to both
antibodies and binding fragments thereof "Binding" refers to an
association of the binding composition with a target where the
association results in reduction in the normal Brownian motion of
the binding composition, in cases where the binding composition can
be dissolved or suspended in solution. "Binding composition" refers
to a molecule, e.g. a binding compound, in combination with a
stabilizer, excipient, salt, buffer, solvent, or additive, capable
of binding to a target.
[0050] "Conservatively modified variants" or "conservative
substitution" refers to substitutions of amino acids are known to
those of skill in this art and may be made generally without
altering the biological activity of the resulting molecule. Those
of skill in this art recognize that, in general, single amino acid
substitutions in non-essential regions of a polypeptide do not
substantially alter biological activity (see, e.g., Watson, et al.,
Molecular Biology of the Gene, The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., p.
224 (4th Edition 1987)). Such exemplary substitutions are
preferably made in accordance with those set forth in Table 1 as
follows:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Exemplary Conservative Amino Acid
Substitutions Original Conservative residue substitution Ala (A)
Gly; Ser Arg (R) Lys, His Asn (N) Gln; His Asp (D) Glu; Asn Cys (C)
Ser; Ala Gln (Q) Asn Glu (E) Asp; Gln Gly (G) Ala His (H) Asn; Gln
Ile (I) Leu; Val Leu (L) Ile; Val Lys (K) Arg; His Met (M) Leu;
Ile; Tyr Phe (F) Tyr; Met; Leu Pro (P) Ala Ser (S) Thr Thr (T) Ser
Trp (W) Tyr; Phe Tyr (Y) Trp; Phe Val (V) Ile; Leu
[0051] The terms "consists essentially of," or variations such as
"consist essentially of" or "consisting essentially of," as used
throughout the specification and claims, indicate the inclusion of
any recited elements or group of elements, and the optional
inclusion of other elements, of similar or different nature than
the recited elements, that do not materially change the basic or
novel properties of the specified dosage regimen, method, or
composition. As a nonlimiting example, a binding compound that
consists essentially of a recited amino acid sequence may also
include one or more amino acids, including substitutions of one or
more amino acid residues, that do not materially affect the
properties of the binding compound.
[0052] "Effective amount" encompasses an amount sufficient to
ameliorate or prevent a symptom or sign of the medical condition.
Effective amount also means an amount sufficient to allow or
facilitate diagnosis. An effective amount for a particular patient
or veterinary subject may vary depending on factors such as the
condition being treated, the overall health of the patient, the
method route and dose of administration and the severity of side
affects (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,530 issued to Netti, et
al.). An effective amount can be the maximal dose or dosing
protocol that avoids significant side effects or toxic effects. The
effect will result in an improvement of a diagnostic measure or
parameter by at least 5%, usually by at least 10%, more usually at
least 20%, most usually at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, more
preferably at least 50%, most preferably at least 60%, ideally at
least 70%, more ideally at least 80%, and most ideally at least
90%, where 100% is defined as the diagnostic parameter shown by a
normal subject (see, e.g., Maynard, et al. (1996) A Handbook of
SOPs for Good Clinical Practice, Interpharm Press, Boca Raton,
Fla.; Dent (2001) Good Laboratory and Good Clinical Practice, Urch
Publ., London, UK).
[0053] "Exogenous" refers to substances that are produced outside
an organism, cell, or human body, depending on the context.
"Endogenous" refers to substances that are produced within a cell,
organism, or human body, depending on the context.
[0054] "Immune condition" or "immune disorder" encompasses, e.g.,
pathological inflammation, an inflammatory disorder, and an
autoimmune disorder or disease. "Immune condition" also refers to
infections, persistent infections, and proliferative conditions,
such as cancer, tumors, and angiogenesis, including infections,
tumors, and cancers that resist eradication by the immune system.
"Cancerous condition" includes, e.g., cancer, cancer cells, tumors,
angiogenesis, and precancerous conditions such as dysplasia.
[0055] "Inflammatory disorder" means a disorder or pathological
condition where the pathology results, in whole or in part, from,
e.g., a change in number, change in rate of migration, or change in
activation, of cells of the immune system. Cells of the immune
system include, e.g., T cells, B cells, monocytes or macrophages,
antigen presenting cells (APCs), dendritic cells, microglia, NK
cells, NKT cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, or any
other cell specifically associated with the immunology, for
example, cytokine-producing endothelial or epithelial cells.
[0056] An "IL-17-producing cell" means a T cell that is not a
classical TH1-type T cell or classical TH2-type T cell, referred to
as T.sub.H17 cells. T.sub.H17 cells are discussed in greater detail
at Cua and Kastelein (2006) Nat. Immunol. 7:557-559; Tato and
O'Shea (2006) Nature 441:166-168; Iwakura and Ishigame (2006) J.
Clin. Invest. 116:1218-1222, the disclosures of which are hereby
incorporated by reference in their entireties. "IL-17-producing
cell" also means a T cell that expresses a gene or polypeptide of
Table 10B of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0219150
(e.g., mitogen responsive P-protein; chemokine ligand 2;
interleukin-17 (IL-17); transcription factor RAR related; and/or
suppressor of cytokine signaling 3), the disclosure of which is
hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, where expression
with treatment by an IL-23 agonist is greater than treatment with
an IL-12 agonist, where "greater than" is defined as follows.
Expression with an IL-23 agonist is ordinarily at least 5-fold
greater, typically at least 10-fold greater, more typically at
least 15-fold greater, most typically at least 20-fold greater,
preferably at least 25-fold greater, and most preferably at least
30-fold greater, than with IL-12 treatment. Expression can be
measured, e.g., with treatment of a population of substantially
pure IL-17 producing cells.
[0057] Moreover, "IL-17-producing cell" includes a progenitor or
precursor cell that is committed, in a pathway of cell development
or cell differentiation, to differentiating into an IL-17-producing
cell, as defined above. A progenitor or precursor cell to the IL-17
producing cell can be found in a draining lymph node (DLN).
Additionally, "IL-17-producing cell" encompasses an IL-17-producing
cell, as defined above, that has been, e.g., activated, e.g., by a
phorbol ester, ionophore, and/or carcinogen, further
differentiated, stored, frozen, desiccated, inactivated, partially
degraded, e.g., by apoptosis, proteolysis, or lipid oxidation, or
modified, e.g., by recombinant technology.
[0058] As used herein, the term "isolated nucleic acid molecule"
refers to a nucleic acid molecule that is identified and separated
from at least one contaminant nucleic acid molecule with which it
is ordinarily associated in the natural source of the antibody
nucleic acid. An isolated nucleic acid molecule is other than in
the form or setting in which it is found in nature. Isolated
nucleic acid molecules therefore are distinguished from the nucleic
acid molecule as it exists in natural cells. However, an isolated
nucleic acid molecule includes a nucleic acid molecule contained in
cells that ordinarily express the antibody where, for example, the
nucleic acid molecule is in a chromosomal location different from
that of natural cells.
[0059] The expression "control sequences" refers to DNA sequences
necessary for the expression of an operably linked coding sequence
in a particular host organism. The control sequences that are
suitable for prokaryotes, for example, include a promoter,
optionally an operator sequence, and a ribosome binding site.
Eukaryotic cells are known to utilize promoters, polyadenylation
signals, and enhancers.
[0060] A nucleic acid is "operably linked" when it is placed into a
functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence. For
example, DNA for a presequence or secretory leader is operably
linked to DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a preprotein
that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide; a promoter
or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects
the transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is
operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to
facilitate translation. Generally, "operably linked" means that the
DNA sequences being linked are contiguous, and, in the case of a
secretory leader, contiguous and in reading phase. However,
enhancers do not have to be contiguous Linking is accomplished by
ligation at convenient restriction sites. If such sites do not
exist, the synthetic oligonucleotide adaptors or linkers are used
in accordance with conventional practice.
[0061] As used herein, the expressions "cell," "cell line," and
"cell culture" are used interchangeably and all such designations
include progeny. Thus, the words "transformants" and "transformed
cells" include the primary subject cell and cultures derived
therefrom without regard for the number of transfers. It is also
understood that all progeny may not be precisely identical in DNA
content, due to deliberate or inadvertent mutations. Mutant progeny
that have the same function or biological activity as screened for
in the originally transformed cell are included. Where distinct
designations are intended, it will be clear from the context.
[0062] As used herein, "polymerase chain reaction" or "PCR" refers
to a procedure or technique in which minute amounts of a specific
piece of nucleic acid, RNA and/or DNA, are amplified as described
in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,195. Generally, sequence information
from the ends of the region of interest or beyond needs to be
available, such that oligonucleotide primers can be designed; these
primers will be identical or similar in sequence to opposite
strands of the template to be amplified. The 5' terminal
nucleotides of the two primers can coincide with the ends of the
amplified material. PCR can be used to amplify specific RNA
sequences, specific DNA sequences from total genomic DNA, and cDNA
transcribed from total cellular RNA, bacteriophage or plasmid
sequences, etc. See generally Mullis et al. (1987) Cold Spring
Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 51:263; Erlich, ed., (1989) PCR
TECHNOLOGY (Stockton Press, N.Y.) As used herein, PCR is considered
to be one, but not the only, example of a nucleic acid polymerase
reaction method for amplifying a nucleic acid test sample
comprising the use of a known nucleic acid as a primer and a
nucleic acid polymerase to amplify or generate a specific piece of
nucleic acid.
[0063] As used herein, the term "germline sequence" refers to a
sequence of unrearranged immunoglobulin DNA sequences. Any suitable
source of unrearranged immunoglobulin DNA may be used.
[0064] "Inhibitors" and "antagonists" or "activators" and
"agonists" refer to inhibitory or activating molecules,
respectively, e.g., for the activation of, e.g., a ligand,
receptor, cofactor, a gene, cell, tissue, or organ. A modulator of,
e.g., a gene, a receptor, a ligand, or a cell, is a molecule that
alters an activity of the gene, receptor, ligand, or cell, where
activity can be activated, inhibited, or altered in its regulatory
properties. The modulator may act alone, or it may use a cofactor,
e.g., a protein, metal ion, or small molecule Inhibitors are
compounds that decrease, block, prevent, delay activation,
inactivate, desensitize, or down regulate, e.g., a gene, protein,
ligand, receptor, or cell. Activators are compounds that increase,
activate, facilitate, enhance activation, sensitize, or up
regulate, e.g., a gene, protein, ligand, receptor, or cell. An
inhibitor may also be defined as a composition that reduces,
blocks, or inactivates a constitutive activity. An "agonist" is a
compound that interacts with a target to cause or promote an
increase in the activation of the target. An "antagonist" is a
compound that opposes the actions of an agonist. An antagonist
prevents, reduces, inhibits, or neutralizes the activity of an
agonist. An antagonist can also prevent, inhibit, or reduce
constitutive activity of a target, e.g., a target receptor, even
where there is no identified agonist.
[0065] To examine the extent of inhibition, for example, samples or
assays comprising a given, e.g., protein, gene, cell, or organism,
are treated with a potential activating or inhibiting agent and are
compared to control samples without the agent. Control samples,
i.e., not treated with agent, are assigned a relative activity
value of 100%. Inhibition is achieved when the activity value
relative to the control is about 90% or less, typically 85% or
less, more typically 80% or less, most typically 75% or less,
generally 70% or less, more generally 65% or less, most generally
60% or less, typically 55% or less, usually 50% or less, more
usually 45% or less, most usually 40% or less, preferably 35% or
less, more preferably 30% or less, still more preferably 25% or
less, and most preferably less than 25%. Activation is achieved
when the activity value relative to the control is about 110%,
generally at least 120%, more generally at least 140%, more
generally at least 160%, often at least 180%, more often at least
2-fold, most often at least 2.5-fold, usually at least 5-fold, more
usually at least 10-fold, preferably at least 20-fold, more
preferably at least 40-fold, and most preferably over 40-fold
higher.
[0066] Endpoints in activation or inhibition can be monitored as
follows. Activation, inhibition, and response to treatment, e.g.,
of a cell, physiological fluid, tissue, organ, and animal or human
subject, can be monitored by an endpoint. The endpoint may comprise
a predetermined quantity or percentage of, e.g., an indicia of
inflammation, oncogenicity, or cell degranulation or secretion,
such as the release of a cytokine, toxic oxygen, or a protease. The
endpoint may comprise, e.g., a predetermined quantity of ion flux
or transport; cell migration; cell adhesion; cell proliferation;
potential for metastasis; cell differentiation; and change in
phenotype, e.g., change in expression of gene relating to
inflammation, apoptosis, transformation, cell cycle, or metastasis
(see, e.g., Knight (2000) Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 30:145-158; Hood and
Cheresh (2002) Nature Rev. Cancer 2:91-100; Timme, et al. (2003)
Curr. Drug Targets 4:251-261; Robbins and Itzkowitz (2002) Med.
Clin. North Am. 86:1467-1495; Grady and Markowitz (2002) Annu. Rev.
Genomics Hum. Genet. 3:101-128; Bauer, et al. (2001) Glia
36:235-243; Stanimirovic and Satoh (2000) Brain Pathol.
10:113-126).
[0067] An endpoint of inhibition is generally 75% of the control or
less, preferably 50% of the control or less, more preferably 25% of
the control or less, and most preferably 10% of the control or
less. Generally, an endpoint of activation is at least 150% the
control, preferably at least two times the control, more preferably
at least four times the control, and most preferably at least 10
times the control.
[0068] "Ligand" refers, e.g., to a small molecule, peptide,
polypeptide, and membrane associated or membrane-bound molecule, or
complex thereof, that can act as an agonist or antagonist of a
receptor. "Ligand" also encompasses an agent that is not an agonist
or antagonist, but that can bind to the receptor. Moreover,
"ligand" includes a membrane-bound ligand that has been changed,
e.g., by chemical or recombinant methods, to a soluble version of
the membrane-bound ligand. By convention, where a ligand is
membrane-bound on a first cell, the receptor usually occurs on a
second cell. The second cell may have the same or a different
identity as the first cell. A ligand or receptor may be entirely
intracellular, that is, it may reside in the cytosol, nucleus, or
some other intracellular compartment. The ligand or receptor may
change its location, e.g., from an intracellular compartment to the
outer face of the plasma membrane. The complex of a ligand and
receptor is termed a "ligand receptor complex." Where a ligand and
receptor are involved in a signaling pathway, the ligand occurs at
an upstream position and the receptor occurs at a downstream
position of the signaling pathway.
[0069] "Small molecules" are provided for the treatment of
physiology and disorders of the hair follicle. "Small molecule" is
defined as a molecule with a molecular weight that is less than 10
kD, typically less than 2 kD, and preferably less than 1 kD. Small
molecules include, but are not limited to, inorganic molecules,
organic molecules, organic molecules containing an inorganic
component, molecules comprising a radioactive atom, synthetic
molecules, peptide mimetics, and antibody mimetics. As a
therapeutic, a small molecule may be more permeable to cells, less
susceptible to degradation, and less apt to elicit an immune
response than large molecules. Small molecules, such as peptide
mimetics of antibodies and cytokines, as well as small molecule
toxins are described (see, e.g., Casset, et al. (2003) Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Commun. 307:198-205; Muyldermans (2001) J.
Biotechnol. 74:277-302; Li (2000) Nat. Biotechnol. 18:1251-1256;
Apostolopoulos, et al. (2002) Curr. Med. Chem. 9:411-420;
Monfardini, et al. (2002) Curr. Pharm. Des. 8:2185-2199; Domingues,
et al. (1999) Nat. Struct. Biol. 6:652-656; Sato and Sone (2003)
Biochem. J. 371:603-608; U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,482 issued to Stewart,
et al).
[0070] "Specifically" or "selectively" binds, when referring to a
ligand/receptor, antibody/antigen, or other binding pair, indicates
a binding reaction which is determinative of the presence of the
protein in a heterogeneous population of proteins and other
biologics. Thus, under designated conditions, a specified ligand
binds to a particular receptor and does not bind in a significant
amount to other proteins present in the sample.
[0071] The antibody, or binding composition derived from the
antigen-binding site of an antibody, of the contemplated method
binds to its antigen with an affinity that is at least two fold
greater, preferably at least ten times greater, more preferably at
least 20-times greater, and most preferably at least 100-times
greater than the affinity with unrelated antigens. In a preferred
embodiment the antibody will have an affinity that is greater than
about 10.sup.9 liters/mol, as determined, e.g., by Scatchard
analysis (Munsen, et al. (1980) Analyt. Biochem. 107:220-239).
[0072] As used herein, the term "immunomodulatory agent" refers to
natural or synthetic agents that suppress or modulate an immune
response. The immune response can be a humoral or cellular
response. Immunomodulatory agents encompass immunosuppressive or
anti-inflammatory agents.
[0073] "Immunosuppressive agents," "immunosuppressive drugs," or
"immunosuppressants" as used herein are therapeutics that are used
in immunosuppressive therapy to inhibit or prevent activity of the
immune system. Clinically they are used to prevent the rejection of
transplanted organs and tissues (e.g. bone marrow, heart, kidney,
liver), and/or in the treatment of autoimmune diseases or diseases
that are most likely of autoimmune origin (e.g. rheumatoid
arthritis, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus,
ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis). Immunosuppressive drugs
can be classified into four groups: glucocorticoids cytostatics;
antibodies (including Biological Response Modifiers or DMARDs);
drugs acting on immunophilins; other drugs, including known
chemotherpeutic agents used in the treatment of proliferative
disorders. For multiple sclerosis, in particular, the antibodies of
the present invention can be administered in conjunction with a new
class of myelin binding protein-like therapeutics, known as
copaxones.
[0074] "Anti-inflammatory agents" or "anti-inflammatory drugs", is
used to represent both steroidal and non-steroidal therapeutics.
Steroids, also known as corticosteroids, are drugs that closely
resemble cortisol, a hormone produced naturally by adrenal glands.
Steroids are used as the main treatment for certain inflammatory
conditions, such as: Systemic vasculitis (inflammation of blood
vessels); and Myositis (inflammation of muscle). Steroids might
also be used selectively to treat inflammatory conditions such as:
rheumatoid arthritis (chronic inflammatory arthritis occurring in
joints on both sides of the body); systemic lupus erythematosus (a
generalized disease caused by abnormal immune system function);
Sjogren's syndrome (chronic disorder that causes dry eyes and a dry
mouth).
[0075] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, usually abbreviated
to NSAIDs, are drugs with analgesic, antipyretic and
anti-inflammatory effects--they reduce pain, fever and
inflammation. The term "non-steroidal" is used to distinguish these
drugs from steroids, which (amongst a broad range of other effects)
have a similar eicosanoid-depressing, anti-inflammatory action.
NSAIDs are generally indicated for the symptomatic relief of the
following conditions: rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis;
inflammatory arthropathies (e.g. ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic
arthritis, Reiter's syndrome); acute gout; dysmenorrhoea;
metastatic bone pain; headache and migraine; postoperative pain;
mild-to-moderate pain due to inflammation and tissue injury;
pyrexia; and renal colic. NSAIDs include salicylates, arlyalknoic
acids, 2-arylpropionic acids (profens), N-arylanthranilic acids
(fenamic acids), oxicams, coxibs, and sulphonanilides.
II. General
[0076] The present invention provides engineered anti-IL-23
antibodies and uses thereof to treat inflammatory, autoimmune, and
proliferative disorders.
[0077] A number of cytokines have a role in the pathology or repair
of neurological disorders. IL-6, IL-17, interferon-gamma
(IFNgamma), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have
been associated with multiple sclerosis (Matusevicius, et al.
(1999) Multiple Sclerosis 5:101-104; Lock, et al. (2002) Nature
Med. 8:500-508). IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and transforming growth
factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) plays a role in ALS, Parkinson's disease,
and Alzheimer's disease (Hoozemans, et al. (2001) Exp. Gerontol.
36:559-570; Griffin and Mrak (2002) J. Leukocyte Biol. 72:233-238;
Ilzecka, et al. (2002) Cytokine 20:239-243). TNF-alpha, IL-1beta,
IL-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), and IL-17 appear to
modulate response to brain ischemia (see, e.g., Kostulas, et al.
(1999) Stroke 30:2174-2179; L1, et al. (2001) J. Neuroimmunol.
116:5-14). Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is
associated with ALS (Cleveland and Rothstein (2001) Nature
2:806-819).
[0078] Inflammatory bowel disorders, e.g., Crohn's disease,
ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome,
are mediated by cells of the immune system and by cytokines. For
example, Crohn's disease is associated with increased IL-12 and
IFN.gamma., while ulcerative colitis is associated with increased
IL-5, IL-13, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta). IL-17
expression may also increase in Crohn's disease and ulcerative
colitis (see, e.g., Podolsky (2002) New Engl. J. Med. 347:417-429;
Bouma and Strober (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:521-533; Bhan, et al.
(1999) Immunol. Rev. 169:195-207; Hanauer (1996) New Engl. J. Med.
334:841-848; Green (2003) The Lancet 362:383-391; McManus (2003)
New Engl. J. Med. 348:2573-2574; Horwitz and Fisher (2001) New
Engl. J. Med. 344:1846-1850; Andoh, et al. (2002) Int. J. Mol. Med.
10:631-634; Nielsen, et al. (2003) Scand. J. Gastroenterol.
38:180-185; Fujino, et al. (2003) Gut 52:65-70).
[0079] Inflammatory diseases of the skin, joints, CNS, as well as
proliferative disorders elicit similar immune responses, thus IL-23
blockade should provide inhibition of these immune mediated
inflammatory disorders, without comprising the host ability to
fight systemic infections. Antagonizing IL-23 should relieve the
inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's
disease, Ulcerative Colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic
arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. Use of IL-23
inhibitors will also provide inhibition of proliferative disorders,
e.g., cancer and autoimmune disorders e.g., multiple sclerosis,
type I diabetes, and SLE. Descriptions of IL-23 in these various
disorders can be found in the following published PCT applications:
WO 04/081190; WO 04/071517; WO 00/53631; and WO 01/18051, all of
which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0080] The p19 subunit of IL-23 is a member of the `long chain`
family of hematopoietic cytokines (Oppmann et al. (2000) supra) and
comprises four packed .alpha.-helices termed A, B, C and D, with an
up-up-down-down topology. The 4 helices are connected by 3
polypeptide loops. The A-B and C-D loops are modeled to be
relatively long as they connect parallel helices. The short B-C
loop connects the antiparallel B and C helices. The p19 subunit of
IL-23 is a member of the IL-6 family of helical cytokines. This
family of cytokines bind to their cognate receptors through three
conserved epitopes (site I, II and III; Bravo and Heath (2000) EMBO
J. 19:2399-2411). The p19 subunit interacts with three cytokine
receptor subunits to form the competent signaling complex. When
expressed in a cell, the p19 subunit first form a complex with the
p40 subunit, which it shares with IL-12. As noted above, the p19p40
complex is secreted from the cell as a heterodimeric protein and is
called IL-23 (See, e.g., Oppmann et al., supra). The cellular
receptor complex required to transduce the IL-23 signal consists of
two members of the tall signaling receptor subunits of the
IL-6/IL-12 family of cytokines, the IL-23-specific IL-23R (see,
e.g., Parham et al. supra) and the IL-12Rb1, that is shared with
IL-12.
[0081] Insights into the structural basis of `long chain`
cytokine/receptor recognition have shown that although large areas
of protein surface are buried in formation of cytokine-receptor
complexes, the affinity of the interaction is dominated by a few,
often tightly clustered amino acid residues forming an energetic
`hot spot` in the center of the binding interface. The identity of
the residues that dominate the binding energy of a large
protein-protein interface has been termed the `functional epitope`.
The affinity of the interaction (and hence biological specificity)
is consequently defined by the structural complementarity of the
functional epitopes of ligand and receptor. Detailed mutagenesis
studies have shown that the most significant residues that make up
the functional epitopes of cytokines and receptors are hydrophobic
contacts involving either non-polar side chains such as tryptophan,
the aliphatic components of non-polar side chains or the
polypeptide backbone. The non-polar `core` is surrounded by a halo
of polar residues of lesser importance for binding energy. Kinetic
studies indicate that the primary role of the functional epitopes
is to stabilize protein-protein interaction by decreasing the
dissociation rate of the complex. It has been suggested that the
initial contact between cytokine and receptor is dominated by
random diffusion or `rolling` of protein surfaces producing many
unstable contacts. The complex is then stabilized when the
functional epitopes of the receptor and ligand engage (see, e.g.,
Bravo and Heath, supra).
III. Generation of IL-23 Specific Antibodies
[0082] Any suitable method for generating monoclonal antibodies may
be used. For example, a recipient may be immunized with a linked or
unlinked (e.g. naturally occurring) form of the IL-23 heterodimer,
or a fragment thereof. Any suitable method of immunization can be
used. Such methods can include adjuvants, other immunostimulants,
repeated booster immunizations, and the use of one or more
immunization routes.
[0083] Any suitable source of IL-23 can be used as the immunogen
for the generation of the non-human antibody, specific for the p 19
subunit, of the compositions and methods disclosed herein. Such
forms include, but are not limited whole protein, including linked
and naturally occurring heterodimers, peptide(s), and epitopes,
generated through recombinant, synthetic, chemical or enzymatic
degradation means known in the art.
[0084] Any form of the antigen can be used to generate the antibody
that is sufficient to generate a biologically active antibody.
Thus, the eliciting antigen may be a single epitope, multiple
epitopes, or the entire protein alone or in combination with one or
more immunogenicity enhancing agents known in the art. The
eliciting antigen may be an isolated full-length protein, a cell
surface protein (e.g., immunizing with cells transfected with at
least a portion of the antigen), or a soluble protein (e.g.,
immunizing with only the extracellular domain portion of the
protein). The antigen may be produced in a genetically modified
cell. The DNA encoding the antigen may genomic or non-genomic
(e.g., cDNA) and encodes at least a portion of the extracellular
domain. As used herein, the term "portion" refers to the minimal
number of amino acids or nucleic acids, as appropriate, to
constitute an immunogenic epitope of the antigen of interest. Any
genetic vectors suitable for transformation of the cells of
interest may be employed, including but not limited to adenoviral
vectors, plasmids, and non-viral vectors, such as cationic
lipids.
[0085] Any suitable method can be used to elicit an antibody with
the desired biologic properties to inhibit IL-23. It is desirable
to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from various mammalian
hosts, such as mice, rodents, primates, humans, etc. Description of
techniques for preparing such monoclonal antibodies may be found
in, e.g., Stites, et al. (eds.) BASIC AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (4th
ed.) Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, Calif., and references
cited therein; Harlow and Lane (1988) ANTIBODIES: A LABORATORY
MANUAL CSH Press; Goding (1986) MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: PRINCIPLES
AND PRACTICE (2d ed.) Academic Press, New York, N.Y. Thus,
monoclonal antibodies may be obtained by a variety of techniques
familiar to researchers skilled in the art. Typically, spleen cells
from an animal immunized with a desired antigen are immortalized,
commonly by fusion with a myeloma cell. See Kohler and Milstein
(1976) Eur. J. Immunol. 6:511-519. Alternative methods of
immortalization include transformation with Epstein Barr Virus,
oncogenes, or retroviruses, or other methods known in the art. See,
e.g., Doyle, et al. (eds. 1994 and periodic supplements) CELL AND
TISSUE CULTURE: LABORATORY PROCEDURES, John Wiley and Sons, New
York, N.Y. Colonies arising from single immortalized cells are
screened for production of antibodies of the desired specificity
and affinity for the antigen, and yield of the monoclonal
antibodies produced by such cells may be enhanced by various
techniques, including injection into the peritoneal cavity of a
vertebrate host. Alternatively, one may isolate DNA sequences which
encode a monoclonal antibody or a binding fragment thereof by
screening a DNA library from human B cells according, e.g., to the
general protocol outlined by Huse, et al. (1989) Science
246:1275-1281.
[0086] Other suitable techniques involve selection of libraries of
antibodies in phage or similar vectors. See, e.g., Huse et al.,
Science 246:1275-1281 (1989); and Ward et al., Nature 341:544-546
(1989). The polypeptides and antibodies of the present invention
may be used with or without modification, including chimeric or
humanized antibodies. Frequently, the polypeptides and antibodies
will be labeled by joining, either covalently or non-covalently, a
substance which provides for a detectable signal. A wide variety of
labels and conjugation techniques are known and are reported
extensively in both the scientific and patent literature. Suitable
labels include radionuclides, enzymes, substrates, cofactors,
inhibitors, fluorescent moieties, chemiluminescent moieties,
magnetic particles, and the like. Patents teaching the use of such
labels include U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,817,837; 3,850,752; 3,939,350;
3,996,345; 4,277,437; 4,275,149; and 4,366,241. Also, recombinant
immunoglobulins may be produced, see Cabilly U.S. Pat. No.
4,816,567; and Queen et al. (1989) Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA
86:10029-10033; or made in transgenic mice, see Mendez et al.
(1997) Nature Genetics 15:146-156; also see Abgenix and Medarex
technologies.
[0087] Antibodies or binding compositions against predetermined
fragments of IL-23 can be raised by immunization of animals with
conjugates of the polypeptide, fragments, peptides, or epitopes
with carrier proteins. Monoclonal antibodies are prepared from
cells secreting the desired antibody. These antibodies can be
screened for binding to normal or defective IL-23. These monoclonal
antibodies will usually bind with at least a K.sub.d of about 1
.mu.M, more usually at least about 300 nM, typically at least about
30 nM, preferably at least about 10 nM, more preferably at least
about 3 nM or better, usually determined by ELISA. Suitable
non-human antibodies may also be identified using the biologic
assays described in Example 5, below.
IV. Humanization of IL-23 Specific Antibodies
[0088] Any suitable non-human antibody can be used as a source for
the hypervariable region. Sources for non-human antibodies include,
but are not limited to, murine, Lagomorphs (including rabbits),
bovine, and primates. For the most part, humanized antibodies are
human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which hypervariable
region residues of the recipient are replaced by hypervariable
region residues from a non-human species (donor antibody) such as
mouse, rat, rabbit or nonhuman primate having the desired
specificity, affinity, and capacity. In some instances, Fv
framework region (FR) residues of the human immunoglobulin are
replaced by corresponding non-human residues. Furthermore,
humanized antibodies may comprise residues which are not found in
the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody. These
modifications are made to further refine antibody performance of
the desired biological activity. For further details, see Jones et
al. (1986) Nature 321:522-525; Reichmann et al. (1988) Nature
332:323-329; and Presta (1992) Curr. Op. Struct. Biol.
2:593-596.
[0089] Methods for recombinantly engineering antibodies have been
described, e.g., by Boss et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,397), Cabilly
et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567), Law et al. (European Patent
Application Publication No. 438 310) and Winter (European Patent
Application Publication No. 239400).
[0090] Amino acid sequence variants of humanized anti-IL-23
antibody are prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes
into the humanized anti-IL-23 antibody DNA, or by peptide
synthesis. Such variants include, for example, deletions from,
and/or insertions into and/or substitutions of, residues within the
amino acid sequences shown for the humanized anti-IL-23 F(ab) (e.g.
as in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2). Any combination of deletion, insertion,
and substitution is made to arrive at the final construct, provided
that the final construct possesses the desired characteristics. The
amino acid changes also may alter post-translational processes of
the humanized anti-IL-23 antibody, such as changing the number or
position of glycosylation sites.
[0091] A useful method for identification of certain residues or
regions of the humanized anti-IL-23p19 antibody polypeptide that
are preferred locations for mutagenesis is called "alanine scanning
mutagenesis," as described by Cunningham and Wells (1989) Science
244: 1081-1085. Here, a residue or group of target residues are
identified (e.g., charged residues such as Arg, Asp, His, Lys, and
Glu) and replaced by a neutral or negatively charged amino acid
(most preferably alanine or polyalanine) to affect the interaction
of the amino acids with IL-23 antigen. The amino acid residues
demonstrating functional sensitivity to the substitutions then are
refined by introducing further or other variants at, or for, the
sites of substitution. Thus, while the site for introducing an
amino acid sequence variation is predetermined, the nature of the
mutation per se need not be predetermined. For example, to analyze
the performance of a mutation at a given site, Ala scanning or
random mutagenesis is conducted at the target codon or region and
the expressed humanized anti-IL-23p19 antibody variants are
screened for the desired activity.
[0092] Amino acid sequence insertions include amino- and/or
carboxyl-terminal fusions ranging in length from one residue to
polypeptides containing a hundred or more residues, as well as
intrasequence insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues.
Examples of terminal insertions include humanized anti-IL-23
antibody with an N-terminal methionyl residue or the antibody fused
to an epitope tag. Other insertional variants of the humanized
anti-IL-23 antibody molecule include the fusion to the N- or
C-terminus of humanized anti-IL-23 antibody of an enzyme or a
polypeptide which increases the serum half-life of the
antibody.
[0093] Another type of variant is an amino acid substitution
variant. These variants have at least one amino acid residue in the
humanized anti-IL-23p19 antibody molecule removed and a different
residue inserted in its place. The sites of greatest interest for
substitutional mutagenesis include the hypervariable loops, but FR
alterations are also contemplated. Hypervariable region residues or
FR residues involved in antigen binding are generally substituted
in a relatively conservative manner.
[0094] Another type of amino acid variant of the antibody alters
the original glycosylation pattern of the antibody. By altering is
meant deleting one or more carbohydrate moieties found in the
antibody, and/or adding one or more glycosylation sites that are
not present in the antibody. Glycosylation of antibodies is
typically either N-linked or O-linked. N-linked refers to the
attachment of the carbohydrate moiety to the side chain of an
asparagine residue. The tripeptide sequences asparagine-X-serine
and asparagine-X-threonine, where X is any amino acid except
proline, are the recognition sequences for enzymatic attachment of
the carbohydrate moiety to the asparagine side chain. Thus, the
presence of either of these tripeptide sequences in a polypeptide
creates a potential glycosylation site. O-linked glycosylation
refers to the attachment of one of the sugars N-aceylgalactosamine,
galactose, or xylose to a hydroxyamino acid, most commonly serine
or threonine, although 5-hydroxyproline or 5-hydroxylysine may also
be used.
[0095] Addition of glycosylation sites to the antibody is
conveniently accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence such
that it contains one or more of the above-described tripeptide
sequences (for N-linked glycosylation sites). The alteration may
also be made by the addition of, or substitution by, one or more
serine or threonine residues to the sequence of the original
antibody (for O-linked glycosylation sites).
[0096] Yet another type of amino acid variant is the substitution
of residues to provide for greater chemical stability of the final
humanized antibody. For example, an asparagine (N) residue may be
changed to reduce the potential for formation of isoaspartate at
any NG sequences within a rodent CDR. In one embodiment, the
asparagine is changed to glutamine (Q). Isoaspartate formation may
debilitate or completely abrogate binding of an antibody to its
target antigen. Presta (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116:731 at
734. In addition, methionine residues in rodent CDRs may be changed
to reduce the possibility that the methionine sulfur would oxidize,
which could reduce antigen binding affinity and also contribute to
molecular heterogeneity in the final antibody preparation. Id. In
one embodiment, the methionine is changed to alanine (A).
Antibodies with such substitutions are subsequently screened to
ensure that the substitutions do not decrease IL-23p19 binding
affinity to unacceptable levels.
[0097] Nucleic acid molecules encoding amino acid sequence variants
of humanized IL-23 specific antibody are prepared by a variety of
methods known in the art. These methods include, but are not
limited to, isolation from a natural source (in the case of
naturally occurring amino acid sequence variants) or preparation by
oligonucleotide-mediated (or site-directed) mutagenesis, PCR
mutagenesis, and cassette mutagenesis of an earlier prepared
variant or a non-variant version of humanized anti-IL-23p19
antibody.
[0098] Ordinarily, amino acid sequence variants of the humanized
anti-IL-23 antibody will have an amino acid sequence having at
least 75% amino acid sequence identity with the original humanized
antibody amino acid sequences of either the heavy or the light
chain more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 85%,
more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95%.
Identity or homology with respect to this sequence is defined
herein as the percentage of amino acid residues in the candidate
sequence that are identical with the humanized anti-IL-23 residues,
after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to
achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering
any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity.
None of N-terminal, C-terminal, or internal extensions, deletions,
or insertions into the antibody sequence shall be construed as
affecting sequence identity or homology.
[0099] The humanized antibody can be selected from any class of
immunoglobulins, including IgM, IgG, IgD, IgA, and IgE. Preferably,
the antibody is an IgG antibody. Any isotype of IgG can be used,
including IgG.sub.1, IgG.sub.2, IgG.sub.3, and IgG.sub.4. Variants
of the IgG isotypes are also contemplated. The humanized antibody
may comprise sequences from more than one class or isotype.
Optimization of the necessary constant domain sequences to generate
the desired biologic activity is readily achieved by screening the
antibodies in the biological assays described below.
[0100] Likewise, either class of light chain can be used in the
compositions and methods herein. Specifically, kappa, lambda, or
variants thereof are useful in the present compositions and
methods.
[0101] Any suitable portion of the CDR sequences from the non-human
antibody can be used. The CDR sequences can be mutagenized by
substitution, insertion or deletion of at least one residue such
that the CDR sequence is distinct from the human and non-human
antibody sequence employed. It is contemplated that such mutations
would be minimal. Typically, at least 75% of the humanized antibody
residues will correspond to those of the non-human CDR residues,
more often 90%, and most preferably greater than 95%.
[0102] Any suitable portion of the FR sequences from the human
antibody can be used. The FR sequences can be mutagenized by
substitution, insertion or deletion of at least one residue such
that the FR sequence is distinct from the human and non-human
antibody sequence employed. It is contemplated that such mutations
would be minimal. Typically, at least 75% of the humanized antibody
residues will correspond to those of the human FR residues, more
often 90%, and most preferably greater than 95%.
[0103] CDR and FR residues are determined according to the standard
sequence definition of Kabat. Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins
of Immunological Interest, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
Md. (1987). SEQ ID NOs: 5-16 and 31-48 show the heavy chain
variable domain sequences of various mouse anti-human IL-23p19
antibodies, and SEQ ID NOs: 17-28 and 49-65 depict the light chain
variable domain sequences. SEQ ID NOs: 66-68 are consensus
sequences for heavy chain CDRs (CDRH1, CDRH2 and CDRH3), and are
comprised of the most common amino acid residue at each position in
the heavy chain CDRs for the family of antibodies consisting of
7G10, 6H12, 13F11, 13B5, 7E2, 13G1, 11C10, 1E10, 30F11, 34E4, 5B12,
6H4, 9C9, 11B10, 30E1, 33D2, 20A9, 22E9, 29D5, 21A10 and 33B12.
FIGS. 1A-1C provide a sequence lineup of heavy chains of various
antibodies of the present invention.
[0104] As shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, the light chain CDRs of the
antibodies of the present invention disclosed herein are grouped
into three subfamilies, referred to as (a), (b) and (c). Light
chain subfamily (a) consists of antibodies 7G10, 6H12, 13F11, 13B5,
7E2, 13G1, 11C10, 30F11, 34E4, 6H4, 33D2 and 33B12. Light chain
subfamily (b) consists of antibodies 1E10, 20A9, 22E9, 29D5, 5B12,
9C9 and 11B10. Light chain subfamily (c) consists of antibodies
10H11, 19E9, 10G8, 39G2, 35F12, 49A10, 34F9 and 7D7. These light
chain subfamilies were used to derive consensus CDR sequences of
CDRL1(a), CDRL1(b) and CDRL1(c) (SEQ ID NOs: 69-71) and
corresponding consensus sequences CDRL2 (SEQ ID NOs: 72-74) and
CDRL3 (SEQ ID NOs: 75-77) for each subfamily. Consensus sequences
for light chain CDRs are comprised of the most common amino acid
residue at each position in the light chain CDRs for each subfamily
of antibodies.
[0105] Tables 2 and 3 define various domains of humanized
anti-IL-23p19 antibodies 6H12, 7G10, 10H11 and 22E9, as well as and
the light and heavy chain variable domains of several murine
antibodies of the present invention. Residues 1-19 of SEQ ID NOs:
1-4 represent signal sequences for heavy and light strands of
hum6H12 and hum7G10. Light chain constant domains of hum6H12 and
hum7G10 are at residues 130-233 of SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 4,
respectively. Heavy chain constant domains of hum6H12 and hum 7G10
are at residues 135-464 of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 3, respectively, with
CH1 at residues 135-242, CH2+hinge at residues 243-357 and CH3 at
residues 358-464. All other antibodies are presented as light and
heavy chain variable regions (V.sub.L and V.sub.H), and thus lack
signal sequences and constant domains.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Light Chain Sequences and Domains ANTIBODY
SEQ ID V.sub.L LIGHT CHAIN CDR RESIDUES CLONE NO: RESIDUES CDR-L1
CDR-L2 CDR-L3 hum6H12 2 20-129 43-53 69-75 108-116 hum7G10 4 20-129
43-53 69-75 108-116 hum10H11 91 1-114 24-38 54-60 93-101 hum22E9 93
1-116 24-40 56-62 95-103 m6H12 LC 17 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97 m7G10
LC 18 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97 m13F11 LC 19 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97
m13B5 LC 20 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97 m21A10 LC 21 1-108 24-34 50-56
89-97 m33B12 LC 22 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97 m39G2 LC 23 1-112 24-38
54-60 93-101 m35F12 LC 24 1-112 24-38 54-60 93-101 m49A10 LC 25
1-112 24-38 54-60 93-101 m34F9 LC 26 1-112 24-38 54-60 93-101 m7D7
LC 27 1-112 24-38 54-60 93-101 m3D7 LC 28 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97
m13G1 LC 49 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97 m11C10 LC 50 1-108 24-34 50-56
89-97 m7E2 LC 51 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97 m30F11 LC 52 1-108 24-34
50-56 89-97 m34E4 LC 52 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97 m6H4 LC 54 1-108
24-34 50-56 89-97 m33D2 LC 55 1-108 24-34 50-56 89-97 m1E10 LC 56
1-114 24-40 56-62 95-103 m20A9 LC 57 1-114 24-40 56-62 95-103 m22E9
LC 58 1-114 24-40 56-62 95-103 m29D5 LC 59 1-114 24-40 56-62 95-103
m5B12 LC 60 1-114 24-40 56-62 95-103 m9C9 LC 61 1-114 24-40 56-62
95-103 m11B10 LC 62 1-114 24-40 56-62 95-103 m10G8 LC 63 1-112
24-38 54-60 93-101 m19E9 LC 64 1-112 24-38 54-60 93-101 m10H11 LC
65 1-112 24-38 54-60 93-101
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Heavy Chain Sequences and Domains ANTIBODY
SEQ ID V.sub.H HEAVY CHAIN CDR RESIDUES CLONE NO: RESIDUES CDR-H1
CDR-H2 CDR-H3 hum6H12 1 20-134 45-54 69-85 118-123 hum7G10 3 20-134
45-54 69-85 118-123 hum10H11 90 1-118 26-35 50-66 99-107 hum22E9 92
1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m6H12 5 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m7G10 6
1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m13F11 7 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m13B5 8
1-116 26-35 50-66 99-105 m21A10 9 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m33B12
10 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m39G2 11 1-118 26-35 50-66 99-107
m35F12 12 1-118 26-35 50-66 99-107 m49A10 13 1-119 26-35 50-66
99-108 m3D7 14 1-122 26-35 50-66 99-111 m34F9 15 1-124 26-35 50-66
99-113 m7D7 16 1-124 26-35 50-66 99-113 m13G1 31 1-115 26-35 50-66
99-104 m11C10 32 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m7E2 33 1-115 26-35 50-66
99-104 m30F11 34 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m34E4 35 1-115 26-35
50-66 99-104 m6H4 36 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m33D2 37 1-115 26-35
50-66 99-104 m1E10 38 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m20A9 39 1-115 26-35
50-66 99-104 m22E9 40 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m29D5 41 1-115 26-35
50-66 99-104 m5B12 42 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m9C9 43 1-115 26-35
50-66 99-104 m11B10 44 1-115 26-35 50-66 99-104 m30E1 45 1-115
26-35 50-66 99-104 m10G8 46 1-118 26-35 50-66 99-107 m19E9 47 1-118
26-35 50-66 99-107 m10H11 48 1-118 26-35 50-66 99-107
[0106] In one embodiment, the antibodies of the present invention
or binding fragments thereof comprise CDRs comprising one of
several variable amino acids at certain positions. In one
embodiment antibodies of the present invention, or binding
fragments thereof, comprise the "CDR Variable" domains listed at
SEQ ID NOs: 78-89. These "CDR Variable" sequences include the
consensus sequence of each family of related antibodies as well as
variable positions encompassing all observed sequence variants
within that family. Such sequence variants are displayed in FIGS.
1A-1C and 2A-2C.
[0107] In another embodiment, the variable amino acids in potential
CDRs are selected from those amino acids appearing two or more
times in the families reported herein. These antibodies are a
subset of the "CDR Variable" antibodies described above in which
amino acids that appear only once at a given position in a CDR in a
given family of sequences are not included in the pool of potential
CDRs. These "single occurrence" amino acid substitutions are
readily determined, and thus excluded from the "CDR Variable"
sequences, by simple inspection of FIGS. 1A-1C and 2A-2C. This
narrowed range of potential CDR sequences is referred to herein as
a "multiple occurrence variable CDR." This nomenclature is used
herein for convenience in referring to this subset of the "CDR
Variable" sequences.
[0108] In yet another embodiment, potential CDRs are not limited to
the "CDR Variable" sequences described above, but also include
conservatively modified variants of any observed amino acid, as
determined using the data of Table 1.
[0109] In a further embodiment, potential CDRs include variants of
any single sequence CDR disclosed herein, including consensus
sequences SEQ ID NOs: 66-77, in which the variant comprises 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more conservative amino acid
substitutions relative to the disclosed sequence, as determined
using the data of Table 1.
[0110] Also contemplated are chimeric antibodies. As noted above,
typical chimeric antibodies comprise a portion of the heavy and/or
light chain identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences
in antibodies derived from a particular species or belonging to a
particular antibody class or subclass, while the remainder of the
chain(s) is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences
in antibodies derived from another species or belonging to another
antibody class or subclass, as well as fragments of such
antibodies, so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity
(U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al. (1984) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 81: 6851-6855).
[0111] Bispecific antibodies are also useful in the present methods
and compositions. As used herein, the term "bispecific antibody"
refers to an antibody, typically a monoclonal antibody, having
binding specificities for at least two different antigenic
epitopes, e.g., IL-23p19 and IL-23p40. In one embodiment, the
epitopes are from the same antigen. In another embodiment, the
epitopes are from two different antigens. Methods for making
bispecific antibodies are known in the art. For example, bispecific
antibodies can be produced recombinantly using the co-expression of
two immunoglobulin heavy chain/light chain pairs. See, e.g.,
Milstein et al. (1983) Nature 305: 537-39. Alternatively,
bispecific antibodies can be prepared using chemical linkage. See,
e.g., Brennan, et al. (1985) Science 229: 81. Bispecific antibodies
include bispecific antibody fragments. See, e.g., Hollinger, et al.
(1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90: 6444-48, Gruber, et al.,
J. Immunol. 152: 5368 (1994).
[0112] In yet other embodiments, different constant domains may be
appended to the humanized V.sub.L and V.sub.H regions provided
herein. For example, if a particular intended use of an antibody
(or fragment) of the present invention were to call for altered
effector functions, a heavy chain constant domain other than IgG1
may be used. Although IgG1 antibodies provide for long half-life
and for effector functions, such as complement activation and
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, such activities may not
be desirable for all uses of the antibody. In such instances an
IgG4 constant domain, for example, may be used.
V. Biological Activity of Humanized Anti-IL-23
[0113] Antibodies having the characteristics identified herein as
being desirable in a humanized anti-IL-23 antibody can be screened
for inhibitory biologic activity in vitro or suitable binding
affinity. To screen for antibodies that bind to the epitope on
human IL-23 (i.e. the p19 subunit) bound by an antibody of interest
(e.g., those which block binding of the cytokine to its receptor),
a routine cross-blocking assay such as that described in
ANTIBODIES, A LABORATORY MANUAL, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Ed
Harlow and David Lane (1988), can be performed. Antibodies that
bind to the same epitope are likely to cross-block in such assays,
but not all cross-blocking antibodies will necessarily bind at
precisely the same epitope since cross-blocking may result from
steric hindrance of antibody binding by antibodies bound at nearby,
or even overlapping, epitopes.
[0114] Alternatively, epitope mapping, e.g., as described in Champe
et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:1388-1394, can be performed to
determine whether the antibody binds an epitope of interest.
"Alanine scanning mutagenesis," as described by Cunningham and
Wells (1989) Science 244: 1081-1085, or some other form of point
mutagenesis of amino acid residues in human IL-23 may also be used
to determine the functional epitope for an anti-IL-23 antibody of
the present invention. Mutagenesis studies, however, may also
reveal amino acid residues that are crucial to the overall
three-dimensional structure of IL-23 but that are not directly
involved in antibody-antigen contacts, and thus other methods may
be necessary to confirm a functional epitope determined using this
method.
[0115] The epitope bound by a specific antibody may also be
determined by assessing binding of the antibody to peptides
comprising fragments of human IL-23p19 (SEQ ID NO: 39). A series of
overlapping peptides encompassing the sequence of IL-23p19 may be
synthesized and screened for binding, e.g. in a direct ELISA, a
competitive ELISA (where the peptide is assessed for its ability to
prevent binding of an antibody to IL-23p19 bound to a well of a
microtiter plate), or on a chip. Such peptide screening methods may
not be capable of detecting some discontinuous functional epitopes,
i.e. functional epitopes that involve amino acid residues that are
not contiguous along the primary sequence of the IL-23p19
polypeptide chain.
[0116] The epitope bound by antibodies of the present invention may
also be determined by structural methods, such as X-ray crystal
structure determination (e.g., WO2005/044853), molecular modeling
and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including NMR
determination of the H-D exchange rates of labile amide hydrogens
in IL-23 when free and when bound in a complex with an antibody of
interest (Zinn-Justin et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 11335-11347;
Zinn-Justin et al. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 6884-6891).
[0117] With regard to X-ray crystallography, crystallization may be
accomplished using any of the known methods in the art (e.g. Giege
et al. (1994) Acta Crystallogr. D50:339-350; McPherson (1990) Eur.
J. Biochem. 189:1-23), including microbatch (e.g. Chayen (1997)
Structure 5:1269-1274), hanging-drop vapor diffusion (e.g.
McPherson (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251:6300-6303), seeding and
dialysis. It is desirable to use a protein preparation having a
concentration of at least about 1 mg/mL and preferably about 10
mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL. Crystallization may be best achieved in a
precipitant solution containing polyethylene glycol 1000-20,000
(PEG; average molecular weight ranging from about 1000 to about
20,000 Da), preferably about 5000 to about 7000 Da, more preferably
about 6000 Da, with concentrations ranging from about 10% to about
30% (w/v). It may also be desirable to include a protein
stabilizing agent, e.g. glycerol at a concentration ranging from
about 0.5% to about 20%. A suitable salt, such as sodium chloride,
lithium chloride or sodium citrate may also be desirable in the
precipitant solution, preferably in a concentration ranging from
about 1 mM to about 1000 mM. The precipitant is preferably buffered
to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 5.0, preferably about 4.0.
Specific buffers useful in the precipitant solution may vary and
are well-known in the art (Scopes, Protein Purification: Principles
and Practice, Third ed., (1994) Springer-Verlag, New York).
Examples of useful buffers include, but are not limited to, HEPES,
Tris, MES and acetate. Crystals may be grow at a wide range of
temperatures, including 2.degree. C., 4.degree. C., 8.degree. C.
and 26.degree. C.
[0118] Antibody:antigen crystals may be studied using well-known
X-ray diffraction techniques and may be refined using computer
software such as X-PLOR (Yale University, 1992, distributed by
Molecular Simulations, Inc.; see e.g. Blundell & Johnson (1985)
Meth. Enzymol. 114 & 115, H. W. Wyckoff et al., eds., Academic
Press; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0014194), and
BUSTER (Bricogne (1993) Acta Cryst. D49:37-60; Bricogne (1997)
Meth. Enzymol. 276A:361-423, Carter & Sweet, eds.; Roversi et
al. (2000) Acta Cryst. D56:1313-1323), the disclosures of which are
hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
[0119] Additional antibodies binding to the same epitope as an
antibody of the present invention may be obtained, for example, by
screening of antibodies raised against IL-23 for binding to the
epitope, or by immunization of an animal with a peptide comprising
a fragment of human IL-23 comprising the epitope sequence.
Antibodies that bind to the same functional epitope might be
expected to exhibit similar biological activities, such as blocking
receptor binding, and such activities can be confirmed by
functional assays of the antibodies.
[0120] Antibody affinities (e.g. for human IL-23) may be determined
using standard analysis. Preferred humanized antibodies are those
which bind human IL-23p19 with a K.sub.D value of no more than
about 1.times.10.sup.-7; preferably no more than about
1.times.10.sup.-8; more preferably no more than about
1.times.10.sup.-9; and most preferably no more than about
1.times.10.sup.-1.degree. M.
[0121] The antibodies and fragments thereof useful in the present
compositions and methods are biologically active antibodies and
fragments. As used herein, the term "biologically active" refers to
an antibody or antibody fragment that is capable of binding the
desired the antigenic epitope and directly or indirectly exerting a
biologic effect. Typically, these effects result from the failure
of IL-23 to bind its receptor. As used herein, the term "specific"
refers to the selective binding of the antibody to the target
antigen epitope. Antibodies can be tested for specificity of
binding by comparing binding to IL-23 to binding to irrelevant
antigen or antigen mixture under a given set of conditions. If the
antibody binds to IL-23 at least 10, and preferably 50 times more
than to irrelevant antigen or antigen mixture then it is considered
to be specific. An antibody that "specifically binds" to IL-23 does
not bind to proteins that do not comprise the IL-23-derived
sequences, i.e. "specificity" as used herein relates to IL-23
specificity, and not any other sequences that may be present in the
protein in question. For example, as used herein, an antibody that
"specifically binds" to IL-23 will typically bind to FLAG-hIL-23,
which is a fusion protein comprising IL-23 and a FLAG.RTM. peptide
tag, but it does not bind to the FLAG.RTM. peptide tag alone or
when it is fused to a protein other than IL-23.
[0122] IL-23-specific binding compounds of the present invention,
such as inhibitory IL-23p19 specific antibodies, can inhibit its
biological activity in any manner, including but not limited to
production of IL-1.beta. and TNF by peritoneal macrophages and
IL-17 by T.sub.H17 T cells (see Langrish et al. (2004) Immunol.
Rev. 202:96-105). Anti-IL-23p19 antibodies will also be able to
inhibit the gene expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, CCL7, CCL17, CCL20,
CCL22, CCR1, and GM-CSF (see Langrish et al. (2005) J. Exp. Med.
201:233-240). IL-23-specific binding compounds of the present
invention, such as anti IL-23p19 antibodies, will also block the
ability of IL-23 to enhance proliferation or survival of T.sub.H17
cells. Cua and Kastelein (2006) Nat. Immunol. 7:557-559. The
inhibitory activity of engineered anti-IL-23p19 will be useful in
the treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune, and proliferative
disorders. Such disorders are described in PCT patent application
publications WO 04/081190; WO 04/071517; WO 00/53631; and WO
01/18051, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by
reference in their entireties.
VI. Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0123] To prepare pharmaceutical or sterile compositions including
an agonist or antagonist of IL-23, the cytokine analogue or mutein,
antibody thereto, or nucleic acid thereof, is admixed with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient, see, e.g.,
Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences and U.S. Pharmacopeia: National
Formulary, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1984).
[0124] Formulations of therapeutic and diagnostic agents may be
prepared by mixing with physiologically acceptable carriers,
excipients, or stabilizers in the form of, e.g., lyophilized
powders, slurries, aqueous solutions or suspensions (see, e.g.,
Hardman, et al. (2001) Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological
Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.; Gennaro (2000)
Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott,
Williams, and Wilkins, New York, N.Y.; Avis, et al. (eds.) (1993)
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications, Marcel Dekker,
NY; Lieberman, et al. (eds.) (1990) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:
Tablets, Marcel Dekker, NY; Lieberman, et al. (eds.) (1990)
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Disperse Systems, Marcel Dekker, NY;
Weiner and Kotkoskie (2000) Excipient Toxicity and Safety, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y.).
[0125] Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the antibody
compositions, administered alone or in combination with an
immunosuppressive agent, can be determined by standard
pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals,
e.g., for determining the LD.sub.50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the
population) and the ED.sub.50 (the dose therapeutically effective
in 50% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and
therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it can be
expressed as the ratio between LD.sub.50 and ED.sub.50. Antibodies
exhibiting high therapeutic indices are preferred. The data
obtained from these cell culture assays and animal studies can be
used in formulating a range of dosage for use in human. The dosage
of such compounds lies preferably within a range of circulating
concentrations that include the ED.sub.50 with little or no
toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the
dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized.
[0126] The mode of administration is not particularly important.
Suitable routes of administration may, for example, include oral,
rectal, transmucosal, or intestinal administration; parenteral
delivery, including intramuscular, subcutaneous, intramedullary
injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular,
intravenous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, or intraocular
injections. Administration of antibody used in the pharmaceutical
composition or to practice the method of the present invention can
be carried out in a variety of conventional ways, such as oral
ingestion, inhalation, topical application or cutaneous,
subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, parenteral, intraarterial or
intravenous injection. Intravenous administration to the patient is
preferred.
[0127] Alternately, one may administer the antibody in a local
rather than systemic manner, for example, via injection of the
antibody directly into an arthritic joint or pathogen-induced
lesion characterized by immunopathology, often in a depot or
sustained release formulation. Furthermore, one may administer the
antibody in a targeted drug delivery system, for example, in a
liposome coated with a tissue-specific antibody, targeting, for
example, arthritic joint or pathogen-induced lesion characterized
by immunopathology. The liposomes will be targeted to and taken up
selectively by the afflicted tissue.
[0128] Selecting an administration regimen for a therapeutic
depends on several factors, including the serum or tissue turnover
rate of the entity, the level of symptoms, the immunogenicity of
the entity, and the accessibility of the target cells in the
biological matrix. Preferably, an administration regimen maximizes
the amount of therapeutic delivered to the patient consistent with
an acceptable level of side effects. Accordingly, the amount of
biologic delivered depends in part on the particular entity and the
severity of the condition being treated. Guidance in selecting
appropriate doses of antibodies, cytokines, and small molecules are
available (see, e.g., Wawrzynczak (1996) Antibody Therapy, Bios
Scientific Pub. Ltd, Oxfordshire, UK; Kresina (ed.) (1991)
Monoclonal Antibodies, Cytokines and Arthritis, Marcel Dekker, New
York, N.Y.; Bach (ed.) (1993) Monoclonal Antibodies and Peptide
Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases, Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y.;
Baert, et al. (2003) New Engl. J. Med. 348:601-608; Milgrom, et al.
(1999) New Engl. J. Med. 341:1966-1973; Slamon, et al. (2001) New
Engl. J. Med. 344:783-792; Beniaminovitz, et al. (2000) New Engl.
J. Med. 342:613-619; Ghosh, et al. (2003) New Engl. J. Med.
348:24-32; Lipsky, et al. (2000) New Engl. J. Med.
343:1594-1602).
[0129] Determination of the appropriate dose is made by the
clinician, e.g., using parameters or factors known or suspected in
the art to affect treatment or predicted to affect treatment.
Generally, the dose begins with an amount somewhat less than the
optimum dose and it is increased by small increments thereafter
until the desired or optimum effect is achieved relative to any
negative side effects. Important diagnostic measures include those
of symptoms of, e.g., the inflammation or level of inflammatory
cytokines produced. Preferably, a biologic that will be used is
derived from the same species as the animal targeted for treatment,
thereby minimizing an inflammatory, autoimmune, or proliferative
response to the reagent.
[0130] Antibodies, antibody fragments, and cytokines can be
provided by continuous infusion, or by doses at intervals of, e.g.,
one day, one week, or 1-7 times per week. Doses may be provided
intravenously, subcutaneously, topically, orally, nasally,
rectally, intramuscular, intracerebrally, intraspinally, or by
inhalation. A preferred dose protocol is one involving the maximal
dose or dose frequency that avoids significant undesirable side
effects. A total weekly dose is generally at least 0.05 .mu.g/kg
body weight, more generally at least 0.2 .mu.g/kg, most generally
at least 0.5 .mu.g/kg, typically at least 1 .mu.g/kg, more
typically at least 10 .mu.g/kg, most typically at least 100
.mu.g/kg, preferably at least 0.2 mg/kg, more preferably at least
1.0 mg/kg, most preferably at least 2.0 mg/kg, optimally at least
10 mg/kg, more optimally at least 25 mg/kg, and most optimally at
least 50 mg/kg (see, e.g., Yang, et al. (2003) New Engl. J. Med.
349:427-434; Herold, et al. (2002) New Engl. J. Med. 346:1692-1698;
Liu, et al. (1999) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych. 67:451-456;
Portielji, et al. (20003) Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 52:133-144).
The desired dose of a small molecule therapeutic, e.g., a peptide
mimetic, natural product, or organic chemical, is about the same as
for an antibody or polypeptide, on a moles/kg basis.
[0131] As used herein, "inhibit" or "treat" or "treatment" includes
a postponement of development of the symptoms associated with
autoimmune disease or pathogen-induced immunopathology and/or a
reduction in the severity of such symptoms that will or are
expected to develop. The terms further include ameliorating
existing uncontrolled or unwanted autoimmune-related or
pathogen-induced immunopathology symptoms, preventing additional
symptoms, and ameliorating or preventing the underlying causes of
such symptoms. Thus, the terms denote that a beneficial result has
been conferred on a vertebrate subject with an autoimmune or
pathogen-induced immunopathology disease or symptom, or with the
potential to develop such a disease or symptom.
[0132] As used herein, the term "therapeutically effective amount"
or "effective amount" refers to an amount of an IL-23p19 specific
binding compound, e.g. and antibody, that when administered alone
or in combination with an additional therapeutic agent to a cell,
tissue, or subject is effective to prevent or ameliorate the
autoimmune disease or pathogen-induced immunopathology associated
disease or condition or the progression of the disease. A
therapeutically effective dose further refers to that amount of the
compound sufficient to result in amelioration of symptoms, e.g.,
treatment, healing, prevention or amelioration of the relevant
medical condition, or an increase in rate of treatment, healing,
prevention or amelioration of such conditions. When applied to an
individual active ingredient administered alone, a therapeutically
effective dose refers to that ingredient alone. When applied to a
combination, a therapeutically effective dose refers to combined
amounts of the active ingredients that result in the therapeutic
effect, whether administered in combination, serially or
simultaneously. An effective amount of therapeutic will decrease
the symptoms typically by at least 10%; usually by at least 20%;
preferably at least about 30%; more preferably at least 40%, and
most preferably by at least 50%.
[0133] Methods for co-administration or treatment with a second
therapeutic agent, e.g., a cytokine, steroid, chemotherapeutic
agent, antibiotic, or radiation, are well known in the art, see,
e.g., Hardman, et al. (eds.) (2001) Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10.sup.th ed., McGraw-Hill,
New York, N.Y.; Poole and Peterson (eds.) (2001)
Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice: A Practical Approach,
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Phila., PA; Chabner and Longo
(eds.) (2001) Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy, Lippincott,
Williams & Wilkins, Phila., PA. The pharmaceutical composition
of the invention may also contain other immunosuppressive or
immunomodulating agents. Any suitable immunosuppressive agent can
be employed, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory agents,
corticosteroids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus (i.e., FK-506),
sirolimus, interferons, soluble cytokine receptors (e.g., sTNRF and
sIL-1R), agents that neutralize cytokine activity (e.g., inflixmab,
etanercept), mycophenolate mofetil, 15-deoxyspergualin,
thalidomide, glatiramer, azathioprine, leflunomide,
cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and the like. The pharmaceutical
composition can also be employed with other therapeutic modalities
such as phototherapy and radiation.
[0134] Typical veterinary, experimental, or research subjects
include monkeys, dogs, cats, rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs,
horses, and humans.
VII. Antibody Production
[0135] For recombinant production of the antibodies of the present
invention, the nucleic acids encoding the two chains are isolated
and inserted into one or more replicable vectors for further
cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression. DNA encoding
the monoclonal antibody is readily isolated and sequenced using
conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that
are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and
light chains of the antibody). Many vectors are available. The
vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or
more of the following: a signal sequence, an origin of replication,
one or more marker genes, an enhancer element, a promoter, and a
transcription termination sequence. In one embodiment, both the
light and heavy chains of the humanized anti-IL-23p19 antibody of
the present invention are expressed from the same vector, e.g. a
plasmid or an adenoviral vector.
[0136] Antibodies of the present invention may be produced by any
method known in the art. In one embodiment, antibodies are
expressed in mammalian or insect cells in culture, such as chinese
hamster ovary (CHO) cells, human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells,
mouse myeloma NSO cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells,
Spodoptera frugiperda ovarian (Sf9) cells. In one embodiment,
antibodies secreted from CHO cells are recovered and purified by
standard chromatographic methods, such as protein A, cation
exchange, anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and
hydroxyapatite chromatography. Resulting antibodies are
concentrated and stored in 20 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5.
[0137] In another embodiment, the antibodies of the present
invention are produced in yeast according to the methods described
in WO2005/040395. Briefly, vectors encoding the individual light or
heavy chains of an antibody of interest are introduced into
different yeast haploid cells, e.g. different mating types of the
yeast Pichia pastoris, which yeast haploid cells are optionally
complementary auxotrophs. The transformed haploid yeast cells can
then be mated or fused to give a diploid yeast cell capable of
producing both the heavy and the light chains. The diploid strain
is then able to secret the fully assembled and biologically active
antibody. The relative expression levels of the two chains can be
optimized, for example, by using vectors with different copy
number, using transcriptional promoters of different strengths, or
inducing expression from inducible promoters driving transcription
of the genes encoding one or both chains.
[0138] In one embodiment, the respective heavy and light chains of
a plurality of different anti-IL-23p19 antibodies (the "original"
antibodies) are introduced into yeast haploid cells to create a
library of haploid yeast strains of one mating type expressing a
plurality of light chains, and a library of haploid yeast strains
of a different mating type expressing a plurality of heavy chains.
These libraries of haploid strains can be mated (or fused as
spheroplasts) to produce a series of diploid yeast cells expressing
a combinatorial library of antibodies comprised of the various
possible permutations of light and heavy chains. The combinatorial
library of antibodies can then be screened to determine whether any
of the antibodies has properties that are superior (e.g. higher
affinity for IL-23) to those of the original antibodies. See. e.g.,
WO2005/040395.
[0139] In another embodiment, antibodies of the present invention
are human domain antibodies in which portions of an antibody
variable domain are linked in a polypeptide of molecular weight
approximately 13 kDa. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Publication No.
2004/0110941. Such single domain, low molecular weight agents
provide numerous advantages in terms of ease of synthesis,
stability, and route of administration.
VIII. Uses
[0140] The present invention provides methods for using engineered
anti-IL-23 for the treatment and diagnosis of inflammatory
disorders and conditions, e.g., of the central nervous system,
peripheral nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract, as well as
autoimmune and proliferative disorders.
[0141] Methods are provided for the treatment of, e.g., multiple
sclerosis (MS), including relapsing-remitting MS and primary
progressive MS, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(a.k.a. ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease), ischemic brain injury, prion
diseases, and HIV-associated dementia. Also provided are methods
for treating neuropathic pain, posttraumatic neuropathies,
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), peripheral polyneuropathy, and nerve
regeneration.
[0142] Provided are methods for treating or ameliorating one or
more of the following features, symptoms, aspects, manifestations,
or signs of multiple sclerosis, or other inflammatory disorder or
condition of the nervous system: brain lesions, myelin lesions,
demyelination, demyelinated plaques, visual disturbance, loss of
balance or coordination, spasticity, sensory disturbances,
incontinence, pain, weakness, fatigue, paralysis, cognitive
impairment, bradyphrenia, diplopia, optic neuritis, paresthesia,
gait ataxia, fatigue, Uhtoff's symptom, neuralgia, aphasia,
apraxia, seizures, visual-field loss, dementia, extrapyramidal
phenomena, depression, sense of well-being, or other emotional
symptoms, chronic progressive myelopathy, and a symptom detected by
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including gadolinium-enhancing
lesions, evoked potential recordings, or examination of
cerebrospinal fluid (see, e.g., Kenealy et al. (2003) J.
Neuroimmunol. 143:7-12; Noseworthy et al. (2000) New Engl. J. Med.
343:938-952; Miller et al. (2003) New Engl. J. Med. 348:15-23;
Chang et al. (2002) New Engl. J. Med. 346:165-173; Bruck and
Stadelmann (2003) Neurol. Sci. 24 Suppl. 5:S265-S267).
[0143] Moreover, the present invention provides methods for
treating and diagnosing inflammatory bowel disorders, e.g., Crohn's
disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, and irritable bowel
syndrome. Provides are methods for treating or ameliorating one or
more of the following symptoms, aspects, manifestations, or signs
of an inflammatory bowel disorder: malabsorption of food, altered
bowel motility, infection, fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal
bleeding, weight loss, signs of malnutrition, perianal disease,
abdominal mass, and growth failure, as well as intestinal
complications such as stricture, fistulas, toxic megacolon,
perforation, and cancer, and including endoscopic findings, such
as, friability, aphthous and linear ulcers, cobblestone appearance,
pseudopolyps, and rectal involvement and, in addition, anti-yeast
antibodies (see, e.g., Podolsky, supra; Hanauer, supra; Horwitz and
Fisher, supra).
[0144] Also contemplated is treatment of inflammatory disorders
such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, including
rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and psoriatic arthritis,
autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and type
I diabetes, and proliferative disorders such as cancer (see, e.g.,
PCT patent applications WO 04/081190; WO 04/071517; WO 00/53631;
and WO 01/18051).
[0145] The IL-23p19 binding compounds of the present invention can
also be used in combination with one or more antagonists of other
cytokines (e.g. antibodies), including but not limited to, IL-17A,
IL-1.beta., IL-6 and TGF-.beta.. See, e.g., Veldhoen (2006)
Immunity 24:179-189; Dong (2006) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6(4):329-333.
In various embodiments, an IL-23p19 binding compound of the
invention is administered before, concurrently with, or after
administration of the another antagonist or antagonists, such as an
anti-IL-17A antibody. In one embodiment, an IL-17A binding compound
is used in treatment of the acute early phase of an adverse immune
response (e.g. MS, Crohn's Disease) alone or in combination with an
IL-23 antagonist antibody of the present invention. In the latter
case, the IL-17A binding compound may be gradually decreased and
treatment with the antagonist of IL-23 alone is continued to
maintain suppression of the adverse response. Alternatively,
antagonists to IL-1.beta., IL-6 and/or TGF-.beta. may be
administered concurrently, before or after an IL-23p19 binding
compound of the present invention. See Cua and Kastelein (2006)
Nat. Immunol. 7:557-559; Tato and O'Shea (2006) Nature 441:166-168;
Iwakura and Ishigame (2006) J. Clin. Invest. 116:1218-1222.
[0146] The broad scope of this invention is best understood with
reference to the following examples, which are not intended to
limit the inventions to the specific embodiments.
[0147] All citations herein are incorporated herein by reference to
the same extent as if each individual publication or patent
application was specifically and individually indicated to be
incorporated by reference.
[0148] Many modifications and variations of this invention can be
made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be
apparent to those skilled in the art. The specific embodiments
described herein are offered by way of example only, and the
invention is to be limited by the terms of the appended claims,
along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are
entitled; and the invention is not to be limited by the specific
embodiments that have been presented herein by way of example.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
General Methods
[0149] Standard methods in molecular biology are described
(Maniatis et al. (1982) Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual,
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.;
Sambrook and Russell (2001) Molecular Cloning, 3.sup.rd ed., Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Wu (1993)
Recombinant DNA, Vol. 217, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.).
Standard methods also appear in Ausbel et al. (2001) Current
Protocols in Molecular Biology, Vols. 1-4, John Wiley and Sons,
Inc. New York, N.Y., which describes cloning in bacterial cells and
DNA mutagenesis (Vol. 1), cloning in mammalian cells and yeast
(Vol. 2), glycoconjugates and protein expression (Vol. 3), and
bioinformatics (Vol. 4).
[0150] Methods for protein purification including
immunoprecipitation, chromatography, electrophoresis,
centrifugation, and crystallization are described (Coligan et al.
(2000) Current Protocols in Protein Science, Vol. 1, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc., New York). Chemical analysis, chemical modification,
post-translational modification, production of fusion proteins,
glycosylation of proteins are described (see, e.g., Coligan et al.
(2000) Current Protocols in Protein Science, Vol. 2, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc., New York; Ausubel et al. (2001) Current Protocols in
Molecular Biology, Vol. 3, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY, N.Y., pp.
16.0.5-16.22.17; Sigma-Aldrich, Co. (2001) Products for Life
Science Research, St. Louis, Mo.; pp. 45-89; Amersham Pharmacia
Biotech (2001) BioDirectory, Piscataway, N.J., pp. 384-391).
Production, purification, and fragmentation of polyclonal and
monoclonal antibodies are described (Coligan et al. (2001) Current
Protocols in Immunology, Vol. 1, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New
York; Harlow and Lane (1999) Using Antibodies, Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Harlow and Lane,
supra). Standard techniques for characterizing ligand/receptor
interactions are available (see, e.g., Coligan et al. (2001)
Current Protocols in Immunology, Vol. 4, John Wiley, Inc., New
York).
[0151] Methods for flow cytometry, including fluorescence activated
cell sorting (FACS), are available (see, e.g., Owens et al. (1994)
Flow Cytometry Principles for Clinical Laboratory Practice, John
Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, N.J.; Givan (2001) Flow Cytometry,
2.sup.nd ed.; Wiley-Liss, Hoboken, N.J.; Shapiro (2003) Practical
Flow Cytometry, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, N.J.). Fluorescent
reagents suitable for modifying nucleic acids, including nucleic
acid primers and probes, polypeptides, and antibodies, for use,
e.g., as diagnostic reagents, are available (Molecular Probes
(2003) Catalogue, Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, Oreg.;
Sigma-Aldrich (2003) Catalogue, St. Louis, Mo.).
[0152] Standard methods of histology of the immune system are
described (see, e.g., Muller-Harmelink (ed.) (1986) Human Thymus:
Histopathology and Pathology, Springer Verlag, New York, N.Y.;
Hiatt, et al. (2000) Color Atlas of Histology, Lippincott,
Williams, and Wilkins, Phila, Pa.; Louis, et al. (2002) Basic
Histology: Text and Atlas, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.).
[0153] Software packages and databases for determining, e.g.,
antigenic fragments, leader sequences, protein folding, functional
domains, glycosylation sites, and sequence alignments, are
available (see, e.g., GenBank, Vector NTI.RTM. Suite (Informax,
Inc, Bethesda, Md.); GCG Wisconsin Package (Accelrys, Inc., San
Diego, Calif.); DeCypher.RTM. (TimeLogic Corp., Crystal Bay, Nev.);
Menne et al. (2000) Bioinformatics 16: 741-742; Menne et al. (2000)
Bioinformatics Applications Note 16:741-742; Wren et al. (2002)
Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 68:177-181; von Heijne (1983) Eur.
J. Biochem. 133:17-21; von Heijne (1986) Nucleic Acids Res.
14:4683-4690).
Example 2
Humanization of Anti-Human IL-23p19 Antibodies
[0154] The humanization of mouse anti-human IL-23p19 antibodies
6H12 and 7G10, was performed as essentially as described in PCT
patent application publications WO 2005/047324 and WO 2005/047326,
which are incorporated by reference.
[0155] Variable light and heavy domains of selected anti-IL-23
monoclonal antibodies (6H12 and 7G10) were cloned and fused to a
human kappa light chain (CL domain) and human IgG1 heavy chain
(CH1-hinge-CH2-CH3), respectively.
[0156] The amino acid sequence of the non-human VH domain was
compared to a group of five human VH germline amino acid sequences;
one representative from subgroups IGHV1 and IGHV4 and three
representatives from subgroup IGHV3. The VH subgroups are listed in
M.-P. Lefranc, "Nomenclature of the Human Immunoglobulin Heavy
(IGH) Genes", Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics, 18:100-116,
2001. 6H12 and 7G10 antibodies scored highest against human heavy
chain germline DP-14 in subgroup VH1.
[0157] For all non-human antibodies, the VL sequences were of the
kappa subclass of VL. The amino acid sequence of the non-human VL
domain was compared to a group of four human VL kappa germline
amino acid sequences. The group of four is comprised of one
representative from each of four established human VL subgroups
listed in V. Barbie & M.-P. Lefranc, "The Human Immunoglobulin
Kappa Variable (IGKV) Genes and Joining (IGKJ) Segments",
Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics, 15:171-183, 1998 and
M.-P. Lefranc, "Nomenclature of the Human Immunoglobulin Kappa
(IGK) Genes", Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics, 18:161-174,
2001. The four subgroups also correspond to the four subgroups
listed in Kabat et al. "Sequences of Proteins of Immunological
Interest", U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Pub.
91-3242, 5th Ed., 1991, pp. 103-130. 6H12 and 7G10 antibodies
scored highest against human light chain germline Z-012 in subgroup
VLkI.
[0158] Once the target amino acid sequences of the variable heavy
and light chains were determined, plasmids encoding the full-length
humanized antibody were generated. Starting with a plasmid encoding
a humanized anti-IL-10 antibody having VH3 DP-46 and VLkI Z-012
germline frameworks, the plasmids were altered using Kunkel
mutagenesis (see, e.g., Kunkel T A. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A 82:488-492) to change the DNA sequence to the target
humanized 6H12 or 7G10 sequences. Simultaneously, codon
optimization was incorporated into the changes to provide for
potentially optimal expression. The resulting humanized heavy and
light chain sequences, including signal sequences, are provided at
SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2 (antibody 6H12) and at SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4 (for
antibody 7G10), respectively.
[0159] An analogous procedure was performed to determine the proper
human frameworks for humanization of antibodies 10H11 and 22E9.
Antibody 10H11 scored highest against human antibody heavy chain
germline DP-46 in subgroup VH3 and light chain germline Z-A27 in
subgroup VLkIII. Antibody 22E9 scored highest against human
antibody heavy chain germline DP-14 in subgroup VH1 and light chain
germline Z-B3 in subgroup VLkIV. The resulting humanized heavy and
light chain variable domain sequences are provided at SEQ ID NOs:
90 and 91 (antibody 10H11) and at SEQ ID NOs: 92 and 93 (for
antibody 22E9), respectively.
Example 3
Determining the Equilibrium Dissociation Constant (K.sub.D) for
Humanized Anti-Human IL-23 Using KinExA Technology
[0160] The equilibrium dissociation constant (K.sub.D) for anti
human IL-23 antibodies were determined using the KinExA 3000
instrument (Sapidyne Instruments Inc., www.sapidyne.com). KinExA
uses the principle of the Kinetic Exclusion Assay method based on
measuring the concentration of uncomplexed antibody in a mixture of
antibody, antigen and antibody-antigen complex. The concentration
of free antibody is measured by exposing the mixture to a
solid-phase immobilized antigen for a very brief period of time. In
practice, this is accomplished by flowing the solution phase
antigen-antibody mixture past antigen-coated particles trapped in a
flow cell. Data generated by the instrument are analyzed using
custom software. Equilibrium constants are calculated using a
mathematical theory based on the following assumptions:
[0161] 1. The binding follows the reversible binding equation for
equilibrium:
k.sub.on[Ab][Ag]=k.sub.off[AbAg]
[0162] 2. Antibody and antigen bind 1:1 and total antibody equals
antigen-antibody complex plus free antibody.
[0163] 3. Instrument signal is linearly related to free antibody
concentration.
[0164] 98 micron PMMA particles (Sapidyne, Cat No. 440198) were
coated with biotinylated rhIL-23 according to Sapidyne "Protocol
for coating PMMA particles with biotinylated ligands having short
or nonexistent linker arms". For biotinylation of rhIL-23, EZ-link
TFP PEO-biotin (Pierce, Cat. No. 21219) was used according to
manufacturer's recommendations (Pierce bulletin 0874). All
experimental procedures were done according to the KinExA 3000
manual.
[0165] Three forms of the heterodimeric IL-23 protein were used.
Native or non-linked human IL-23 comprised of two chains, p19 and
p40, that are covalently linked by a disulfide-bond. "Non-linked"
IL-23 is comprised of human p40 coexpressed in 293T cells with
human p19:FLAG-tag peptide and purified over an anti-FLAG peptide
affinity column. By non-reducing SDS-PAGE the purified non-linked
IL-23 showed presence of multimeric IL-23 forms at molecular
weights corresponding to dimers, trimers, etc.
[0166] "Elastikine" IL-23 is a single-chain peptide comprised of
FLAG-tag peptide:GLU-tag peptide:human p40:elasti-linker:human p19.
The elasti-linker peptide sequence was derived from R&D Systems
form of commercial IL-23. Elastikine was expressed in 293T cells
and purified over an anti-FLAG peptide affinity column. By
non-reducing SDS-PAGE the purified elastikine IL-23 showed presence
of multimeric IL-23 forms at molecular weights corresponding to
dimers, trimers, etc.
[0167] A non-tagged, non-linked form of native human IL-23p19/p40
coexpressed in SF9 cells was purchased from eBioscience (CAT No.
34-8239). By non-reducing SDS-PAGE the purified eBioscience human
IL-23 did not show presence of multimeric IL-23 forms.
[0168] All runs were done in duplicate under the following
conditions: Sample volume: 1.5 mL; Sample flow rate: 0.25 mL/min;
Label volume: 0.5 mL; Label flow rate: 0.25 mL/min; mAb conc.: 0.1
nM; Highest Ag (hIL-23) conc.: 4.0 nM; Lowest Ag (hIL-23) conc.:
3.91 pM. Two-fold serial dilutions of the antigen were prepared and
mixed with the antibody at constant concentration. The mixture was
incubated for 2 hr at room temperature to equilibrate.
[0169] Table 4 shows the results of the KinExA analysis.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 K.sub.D Values Determined by KinExa Human
IL-23 Antibody K.sub.D(pM) elastikine 6H12 54, 48 non-linked 6H12
>1200 eBioscience 6H12 >1000, >920 elastikine hu6H12 28,
36 elastikine 7G10 41, 9.2 elastikine hu7G10 49, 16 elastikine 39G2
19 non-linked 39G2 34 eBioscience 39G2 620 elastikine 35F12 53
eBioscience 35F12 >700 elastikine 13B5 22 eBioscience 13B5 55
elastikine 7D7 2.7 elastikine 3D7 0.84 elastikine 49A10 7.4
elastikine 13F11 11 elastikine 33B12 6.8
Example 4
Determining the Equilibrium Dissociation Constant (K.sub.D) for
Humanized Anti-human IL-23p19 Antibodies Using BIAcore
Technology
[0170] All ligands (anti-IL-23 mAbs) were immobilized on a BIAcore
CM5 sensor chip using standard amine-coupling procedure. All
experiments were carried out at 25.degree. C. and at a flow-rate of
10 .mu.L/min in PBS. All IL-23 forms were diluted in PBS to produce
various concentrations. Kinetic constants for the various
interactions were determined using BlAevaluation software 3.1. The
K.sub.D was determined using the calculated dissociation and
association rate constants. Proteins were used at the following
concentrations: anti-IL-23 mAb hu7G10 in PBS at 0.33 mg/mL;
anti-IL-23 mAb hu6H12 in PBS at 0.2 mg/mL; bac-wt human IL-23 in
PBS at 0.30 mg/mL; eBioscience human IL-23 in PBS at 0.10 mg/mL;
N222Q human IL-23 in PBS at 0.33 mg/mL.
[0171] In addition to the proteins noted above other forms were
also used. "Bac-wt" human IL-23 is identical to "elastikine" human
IL-23 in sequence. This IL-23 was expressed in SF9 cells and
purified over an anti-FLAG peptide affinity column. By non-reducing
SDS-PAGE the purified IL-23 did not show presence of multimeric
IL-23 forms. "N222Q" human IL-23 is identical to "elastikine" human
IL-23 in sequence except for alteration of Asn222 to Gln in the p40
subunit (GenBank Accession No. P29460). This IL-23 was expressed in
SF9 cells and purified over an anti-FLAG peptide affinity column.
By non-reducing SDS-PAGE the purified N222Q IL-23 did not show
presence of multimeric IL-23 forms.
[0172] The following immobilization and regeneration conditions
were used for all experiments: Flow-rate: 5 .mu.L/min; NHS/EDC: 10
.mu.L; Protein: 5 .mu.g/mL in 10 mM NaAcetate, pH 5.0: 10 .mu.L;
ethanolamine: 40 .mu.L; regeneration: 5 .mu.L of 50 mM NaOH.
[0173] Table 5 provides the K.sub.D values as determined by
BIAcore.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 K.sub.D Determination by BIAcore Human IL-23
Antibody K.sub.D(nM) bac-wt hu7G10 10 N222Q hu7G10 0.3, 1.0
eBioscience hu7G10 3.2, 9.0 bac-wt hu6H12 5.1 N222Q hu6H12 0.5
eBioscience hu6H12 4.1
Example 5
Proliferation Bioassays for the Assessment of Neutralizing
Anti-IL-23 Antibodies
[0174] The ability of a monoclonal antibody to biologically
neutralize IL-23 was assessed by the application of short-term
proliferation bioassays that employ cells that express recombinant
IL-23 receptors. The transfectant Ba/F3-2.210 cells proliferate in
response to human IL-23 and the response can be inhibited by a
neutralizing anti-IL-23 antibody. An antibody is titrated against a
concentration of IL-23 chosen within the linear region of the
dose-response curve, near plateau and above EC50. Proliferation, or
lack thereof, is measured by colorimetric means using Alamar Blue,
a growth indicator dye based on detection of metabolic activity.
The ability of an antibody to neutralize IL-23 is assessed by its
IC50 value, or concentration of antibody that induces half-maximal
inhibition of IL-23 proliferation.
IL-23R Transfectant Cell Line and Cell Culture
TABLE-US-00006 [0175] Cell line IL-23R expression IL-23 response
Ba/F3-2.2lo-hIL-23R hIL-23R, hIL-12RB1 Human, Cyno
[0176] Ba/F3 transfectants are maintained in RPMI-1640 medium, 10%
fetal calf serum, 50 .mu.M 2-mercaptoethanol, 2 mM L-Glutamine, 50
.mu.g/ml penicillin-streptomycin, and 10 ng/mL mouse IL-3. "Cyno"
refers to cynomolgus monkey IL-23.
Proliferation Bioassay Medium
[0177] Ba/F3 proliferation bioassays were performed in RPMI-1640
medium, 10% fetal calf serum, 50 uM 2-mercaptoethanol, 2 mM
L-Glutamine, and 50 .mu.g/mL penicillin-streptomycin.
Procedure
[0178] Assays were performed in 96-well flat bottom plates (Falcon
3072 or similar). All preparations of reagents and cell suspensions
utilized the appropriate bioassay medium. The assay volume was 150
.mu.L per well. Titrations of an anti-IL-23 antibody were
pre-incubated with IL-23 for 30-60 min at room temperature, during
which time cells were prepared. Cells were added to plates
following the antibody-cytokine pre-incubation. Bioassay plates
were incubated in a humidified tissue culture chamber (37C, 5%
CO.sub.2) for 40-48 hr. At the end of the culture time, Alamar Blue
(Biosource Cat #DAL1100) was added at 16.5 .mu.L/well and allowed
to develop for 5-12 hours. Absorbance was then read at 570 nm and
600 nm (VERSAmax Microplate Reader, Molecular Probes), and an
OD.sub.570-600 was obtained. Duplicates were run for each
sample.
Cell Preparation
[0179] Cells were used in a healthy growth state, generally at
densities of 3-8.times.10.sup.5/mL. Cells were counted, pelleted,
washed twice in bioassay medium, and suspended to the appropriate
density for plating.
IL-23 Dose-Response
[0180] IL-23 was prepared to working concentration (3 ng/mL) and
added to first well at 75 pt. Serial dilutions of 1:3 were made by
titrating 25:50 .mu.L in bioassay medium across wells, leaving 50
.mu.L/well. Cells were suspended to the appropriate density for
plating at 100 .mu.L per well.
Neutralizing Antibody Dose-Response
[0181] The antibody was prepared to working concentration (30
.mu.g/mL) and added to first well at 75 pt. Serial dilutions of 1:3
were made by titrating 25:50 .mu.L in bioassay medium across wells,
leaving 50 .mu.L per well. IL-23 at the appropriate concentration
was added at 50 .mu.L per well to the wells containing the titrated
antibody. Cells were suspended to the appropriate density for
plating at 50 .mu.L per well, and added following the
antibody-cytokine pre-incubation.
IC50 Determination
[0182] Using GraphPad Prism 3.0 software, absorbance is plotted
against cytokine or antibody concentration and IC50 values are
determined using non-linear regression (curve fit) of sigmoidal
dose-response.
[0183] Table 6 shows the IC.sub.50 values for blocking of Ba/F3
cell proliferation by anti-IL-23p19 antibodies
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 IC50 Values for Blocking of Ba/F3 Cell
Proliferation by Anti-IL-23 Antibodies Human IL-23 Antibody
IC50(nM) elastikine 7G10 22, 18 non-linked 7G10 3000 eBioscience
7G10 3100, 510 elastikine hu7G10 29 non-linked hu7G10 10000
eBioscience hu7G10 7800 elastikine 6H12 9, 11 non-linked 6H12 1500
eBioscience 6H12 1300, 500 elastikine hu6H12 27 non-linked hu6H12
4000 eBioscience hu6H12 3200 elastikine 13B5 7, 5 non-linked 13B5
113 eBioscience 13B5 31 elastikine 33B12 4, 3 non-linked 33B12 193
eBioscience 33B12 57 elastikine 39G2 9, 5 non-linked 39G2 67
eBioscience 39G2 11 elastikine 35F12 15, 5 non-linked 35F12 73
eBioscience 35F12 12 elastikine 3D7 3, 3 non-linked 3D7 37
eBioscience 3D7 2
Example 6
Epitope for Anti-IL-23p19 Antibody 7G10
[0184] The epitope for the binding of antibody 7G10 to human
IL-23p19 (SEQ ID NO: 29) was determined by X-ray crystallography.
Coordinates were determined for a complex of an Fab fragment of the
chimeric form of antibody 7G10 and non-linked human IL-23, which
comprises p19 and p40 subunits. The sequence of human IL-23p19 is
found at SEQ ID NO: 29 and the sequence of the mature form of human
IL-12/IL-23 p40 is found at residues 23-328 of GenBank Accession
No. P29460. The chimeric form of antibody 7G10 comprises i) a heavy
chain comprising the mouse 7G10 V.sub.H domain (SEQ ID NO: 6) fused
to a human heavy chain constant region (residues 135-464 of SEQ ID
NO: 3), and ii) a light chain comprising the mouse 7G10 V.sub.L
domain (SEQ ID NO: 18) fused to a human light chain constant region
(residues 130-233 of SEQ ID NO: 4).
[0185] IL-23 amino acid residues within 4.0 .ANG. of residues on
antibody 7G10 include E82, G86, S87, D88, T91, G92, E93, P94, S95,
H106, P133, 5134, Q135, P136, W137, R139, L140. Additional residues
K83, F90 and L110 were within 5.0A. An amino acid residue on
IL-23p19 is considered to be within a given distance of the
antibody (e.g. 4.0 .ANG. or 5.0 .ANG.) if the coordinates of any
atom of the residue are within the given distance of the
coordinates of any atom of the antibody.
[0186] Most of these contacted residues fall into two main clusters
along the primary structure of IL-23p19, with the first cluster
comprising residues 82-95 (in which 11 of 14 residues are within
5.0 .ANG. of the antibody and 9 of 14 are within 4.0 .ANG.) and the
second cluster comprising residues 133-140 (in which 7 of 8
residues are within 4.0 .ANG. of the antibody). These clusters
define epitopes comprising stretches of 8 or more contiguous amino
acid residues of IL-23p19 in which 50%, 70% and 85% or more of the
residues are within 5.0 .ANG. of the antibody.
[0187] Antibodies binding to either or both of these clusters would
be expected to block binding of antibody 7G10. Given the strong
sequence homology between all six CDR sequences (see FIGS. 1A-1C
and 2A-2C), it is likely that the other antibodies comprising the
"(a) light chain subfamily" (6H12, 33B12, 13F11, 13B5, 13G1, 11C10,
7E2, 30F11, 34E4, 6H4, 33D2) will also bind to substantially the
same epitope in IL-23p19 as antibody 7G10. The consensus CDR
sequences for the antibodies of the "(a) light chain subfamily"
variable domain sequence are provided at SEQ ID NOs: 69, 72 and 75.
Corresponding heavy chain variable domain consensus sequences are
provided at SEQ ID NOs: 66-68. Antibodies binding to the same
epitope as antibody 7G10 would be expected to exhibit similar
biological activities, such as blocking Ba/F3 cell proliferation in
the assay described at Example 5 and Table 6, albeit with perhaps
somewhat variable affinities and IC50s.
[0188] Table 7 provides a brief description of the sequences in the
sequence listing.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7 Sequence Identifiers SEQ ID NO: Description
1 hum6H12 HC 2 hum6H12 LC 3 hum7G10 HC 4 hum7G10 LC 5 m6H12 V.sub.H
6 m7G10 V.sub.H 7 m13F11 V.sub.H 8 m13B5 V.sub.H 9 m21A10 V.sub.H
10 m33B12 V.sub.H 11 m39G2 V.sub.H 12 m35F12 V.sub.H 13 m49A10
V.sub.H 14 m3D7 V.sub.H 15 m34F9 V.sub.H 16 m7D7 V.sub.H 17 m6H12
V.sub.L 18 m7G10 V.sub.L 19 m13F11 V.sub.L 20 m13B5 V.sub.L 21
m21A10 V.sub.L 22 m33B12 V.sub.L 23 m39G2 V.sub.L 24 m35F12 V.sub.L
25 m49A10 V.sub.L 26 m34F9 V.sub.L 27 m7D7 V.sub.L 28 m3D7 V.sub.L
29 Human IL23p19 30 Murine IL-23p19 31 m13G1 V.sub.H 32 m11C10
V.sub.H 33 m7E2 V.sub.H 34 m30F11 V.sub.H 35 m34E4 V.sub.H 36 m6H4
V.sub.H 37 m33D2 V.sub.H 38 m1E10 V.sub.H 39 m20A9 V.sub.H 40 m22E9
V.sub.H 41 m29D5 V.sub.H 42 m5B12 V.sub.H 43 m9C9 V.sub.H 44 m11B10
V.sub.H 45 m30E1 V.sub.H 46 m10G8 V.sub.H 47 m19E9 V.sub.H 48
m10H11 V.sub.H 49 m13G1 V.sub.L 50 m11C10 V.sub.L 51 m7E2 V.sub.L
52 m30F11 V.sub.L 53 m34E4 V.sub.L 54 m6H4 V.sub.L 55 m33D2 V.sub.L
56 m1E10 V.sub.L 57 m20A9 V.sub.L 58 m22E9 V.sub.L 59 m29D5 V.sub.L
60 m5B12 V.sub.L 61 m9C9 V.sub.L 62 m11B10 V.sub.L 63 m10G8 V.sub.L
64 m19E9 V.sub.L 65 m10H11 V.sub.L 66 CDR-H1 Consensus 67 CDR-H2
Consensus 68 CDR-H3 Consensus 69 CDR-L1(a) Consensus 70 CDR-L1(b)
Consensus 71 CDR-L1(c) Consensus 72 CDR-L2(a) Consensus 73
CDR-L2(b) Consensus 74 CDR-L2(c) Consensus 75 CDR-L3(a) Consensus
76 CDR-L3(b) Consensus 77 CDR-L3(c) Consensus 78 CDR-H1 Variable 79
CDR-H2 Variable 80 CDR-H3 Variable 81 CDR-L1(a) Variable 82
CDR-L1(b) Variable 83 CDR-L1(c) Variable 84 CDR-L2(a) Variable 85
CDR-L2(b) Variable 86 CDR-L2(c) Variable 87 CDR-L3(a) Variable 88
CDR-L3(b) Variable 89 CDR-L3(c) Variable 90 hum10H11 V.sub.H 91
hum10H11 V.sub.L 92 hum22E9 V.sub.H 93 hum22E9 V.sub.L
[0189] Many modifications and variations of this invention can be
made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be
apparent to those skilled in the art. The specific embodiments
described herein are offered by way of example only, and the
invention is to be limited by the terms of the appended claims,
along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are
entitled; and the invention is not to be limited by the specific
embodiments that have been presented herein by way of example.
[0190] Citation of the above publications or documents is not
intended as an admission that any of the foregoing is pertinent
prior art, nor does it constitute any admission as to the contents
or date of these publications or documents. U.S. patents and other
publications referenced herein are hereby incorporated by
reference.
Sequence CWU 1
1
931464PRTArtificialHuman frameworks, rodent CDRs 1Met Ala Val Leu
Gly Leu Leu Phe Cys Leu Val Thr Phe Pro Ser Cys1 5 10 15Val Leu Ser
Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys 20 25 30Pro Gly
Ala Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe 35 40 45Asn
Arg Tyr Leu Ile His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu 50 55
60Glu Trp Met Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Asn Asn Ala Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn65
70 75 80Glu Lys Phe Lys Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Thr Asp Thr Ser Thr
Ser 85 90 95Thr Ala Tyr Met Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Arg Ser Asp Asp Thr
Ala Val 100 105 110Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Asn Trp Asp Gln Ala Tyr Trp
Gly Gln Gly Thr 115 120 125Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys
Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro 130 135 140Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr
Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly145 150 155 160Cys Leu Val Lys Asp
Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn 165 170 175Ser Gly Ala
Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln 180 185 190Ser
Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser 195 200
205Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser
210 215 220Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp
Lys Thr225 230 235 240His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu
Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser 245 250 255Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg 260 265 270Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val
Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro 275 280 285Glu Val Lys Phe Asn
Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala 290 295 300Lys Thr Lys
Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val305 310 315
320Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr
325 330 335Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu
Lys Thr 340 345 350Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln
Val Tyr Thr Leu 355 360 365Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn
Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys 370 375 380Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser
Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser385 390 395 400Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu
Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp 405 410 415Ser Asp Gly
Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser 420 425 430Arg
Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala 435 440
445Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
450 455 4602233PRTArtificialHuman frameworks, rodent CDRs 2Met Ala
Pro Val Gln Leu Leu Gly Leu Leu Val Leu Phe Leu Pro Ala1 5 10 15Met
Arg Cys Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala 20 25
30Ser Val Gly Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile
35 40 45Ser Asp Tyr Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro
Lys 50 55 60Leu Leu Ile Tyr Tyr Thr Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Gly Val Pro
Ser Arg65 70 75 80Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser 85 90 95Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys
Gln Asn Gly His Ser 100 105 110Phe Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr
Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr 115 120 125Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe
Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu 130 135 140Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala
Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro145 150 155 160Arg Glu
Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly 165 170
175Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
180 185 190Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His 195 200 205Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val 210 215 220Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys225
2303464PRTArtificialHuman frameworks, mouse CDRs 3Met Ala Val Leu
Gly Leu Leu Phe Cys Leu Val Thr Phe Pro Ser Cys1 5 10 15Val Leu Ser
Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys 20 25 30Pro Gly
Ala Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe 35 40 45Thr
Ser Asn Val Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu 50 55
60Glu Trp Met Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn65
70 75 80Glu Lys Phe Lys Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Thr Asp Thr Ser Thr
Ser 85 90 95Thr Ala Tyr Met Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Arg Ser Asp Asp Thr
Ala Val 100 105 110Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Asn Trp Asp Val Ala Tyr Trp
Gly Gln Gly Thr 115 120 125Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys
Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro 130 135 140Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr
Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly145 150 155 160Cys Leu Val Lys Asp
Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn 165 170 175Ser Gly Ala
Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln 180 185 190Ser
Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser 195 200
205Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser
210 215 220Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp
Lys Thr225 230 235 240His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu
Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser 245 250 255Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg 260 265 270Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val
Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro 275 280 285Glu Val Lys Phe Asn
Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala 290 295 300Lys Thr Lys
Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val305 310 315
320Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr
325 330 335Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu
Lys Thr 340 345 350Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln
Val Tyr Thr Leu 355 360 365Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn
Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys 370 375 380Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser
Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser385 390 395 400Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu
Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp 405 410 415Ser Asp Gly
Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser 420 425 430Arg
Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala 435 440
445Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
450 455 4604233PRTArtificialHuman frameworks, mouse CDRs 4Met Ala
Pro Val Gln Leu Leu Gly Leu Leu Val Leu Phe Leu Pro Ala1 5 10 15Met
Arg Cys Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala 20 25
30Ser Val Gly Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile
35 40 45Ser Asp Tyr Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro
Lys 50 55 60Leu Leu Ile Tyr Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Gly Val Pro
Ser Arg65 70 75 80Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser 85 90 95Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys
Gln Asn Gly His Ser 100 105 110Phe Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr
Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr 115 120 125Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe
Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu 130 135 140Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala
Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro145 150 155 160Arg Glu
Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly 165 170
175Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
180 185 190Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His 195 200 205Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val 210 215 220Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys225
2305115PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 5Glu Val His Leu Gln
Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met
Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Asn Arg Tyr 20 25 30Leu Ile His
Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr
Ile Asn Pro Asn Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys
Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75
80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95Ala Ala Asn Trp Asp Gln Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val
Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ala 1156115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 6Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Asn 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg
Asn Trp Asp Val Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr 100 105
110Val Ser Ala 1157115PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 7Glu Val
Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser
Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly His Thr Leu Thr Arg Tyr 20 25
30Leu Met His Trp Val Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile
35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys
Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr
Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Asn Trp Asp Val Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln
Gly Thr Leu Val Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ala 1158116PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 8Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Arg Tyr 20 25 30Leu Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg
Asn Trp Asp Val Gly Gly Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu 100 105
110Thr Val Ser Ser 1159115PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 9Glu
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr
20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Asp Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu
Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser
Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Thr Ser Asn Trp Asp Arg Gly Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ser 11510115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 10Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Ala
Glu Leu Ala Arg Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Leu Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Ser Leu Lys Trp Val Lys Gln
Arg Thr Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Glu Ile His Pro Arg
Ser Gly Asn Thr His Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ala Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Asp Leu
Arg Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Phe Cys 85 90 95Ala Thr
Asn Trp Asp Leu Gly Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Ile Thr 100 105
110Val Ser Ser 11511118PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 11Gln
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Pro Gly Ala Glu Leu Val Arg Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Lys Leu Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Ser Ser
20 25 30Trp Met Asn Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Met Ile His Pro Ser Asp Ser Glu Thr Arg Thr Asn Gln
Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser
Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Pro Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Gly Met Ile Thr Ala Pro Thr Val
Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ala
11512118PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 12Gln Val Gln Leu Gln
Gln Pro Gly Ala Glu Leu Met Arg Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Arg Leu
Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Thr Ser 20 25 30Trp Met Asn
Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Met
Ile His Pro Ser Asp Ser Glu Thr Arg Leu Asn Gln Asn Phe 50 55 60Lys
Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Arg Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75
80Met Gln Leu Asn Ser Pro Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95Ala Arg Gly Met Ile Thr Ala Pro Ser Val Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly
Thr 100 105 110Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ala 11513119PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 13Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asp Tyr 20 25 30Tyr Met Asn Trp Val Lys Gln
Ser His Gly Lys Ser Leu Glu Trp Phe 35 40 45Gly Asp Ile Asn Pro Asn
Asn Gly Asp Thr Ser Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Arg Ser
Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Pro His
Tyr Arg Asn Trp Tyr Phe Asp Val Trp Gly Thr Gly 100 105 110Thr Thr
Val Ile Val Ser Ser 11514122PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1
14Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1
5 10 15Ser Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Ser
Tyr 20 25 30Tyr Ile His Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu
Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Trp Ile Phe Pro Gly Ser Gly Asn Thr Lys Tyr Asn
Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ala Asp Thr Ser Ser
Thr Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Ala
Ser Ala Val Tyr Phe Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Glu Gly Leu His Tyr Phe Gly
Leu Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp 100 105 110Gly His Gly Thr Ser Val Thr
Val Ser Ser 115 12015124PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 15Gln
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Leu Ala Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Lys Leu Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Pro Thr Phe
20 25 30Trp Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Ser Ser Gly Tyr Thr Glu Tyr Asn Gln
Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ala Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser
Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Tyr Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Ser Pro Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser
Thr Tyr Trp Ser Phe Asp 100 105 110Val Trp Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Val
Thr Val Ser Ser 115 12016124PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1
16Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Leu Ala Lys Pro Gly Ala1
5 10 15Ser Val Lys Leu Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asn
Tyr 20 25 30Trp Met Asp Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu
Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Ser Ser Gly Tyr Val Glu Tyr Asn
Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Tyr Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ala Asp Lys Thr Ser
Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Tyr Asp Asp
Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Ser Pro Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Ala
Asn Thr Tyr Trp Ser Phe Asp 100 105 110Val Trp Gly Thr Gly Thr Thr
Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 12017108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 17Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr Thr Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10518108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 18Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Arg Gln Lys
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10519108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 19Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Thr Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
His Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10520108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 20Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10521108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 21Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Glu Thr Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gly Asn Ile His Asn Tyr 20 25 30Leu Thr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Gln Gly Lys Ser Pro Gln Leu Leu Val 35 40 45Tyr Asn Ala Lys Thr Leu
Ala Asp Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
Gln Phe Ser Leu Lys Ile Asn Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe
Gly Ser Tyr Tyr Cys Gln His Phe Trp Ser Thr Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10522108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 22Asp Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Phe Gln Gln Arg
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10523112PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(38)CDRL1 23Asp Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15Gln Arg Ala Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser 20 25 30Ala Tyr Ser Tyr Phe His Trp
Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro 35 40 45Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu
Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Ala 50 55 60Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Asn Ile His65 70 75 80Pro Val Glu
Glu Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln His Ser Arg 85 90 95Glu Leu
Pro Trp Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Thr Pro 100 105
11024112PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(38)CDRL1 24Asp Ile Val Leu Thr
Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15Gln Arg Ala Thr
Ile Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser 20 25 30Ala Tyr Ser
Tyr Phe His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro 35 40 45Lys Leu
Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Ala 50 55 60Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Asn Ile His65 70 75
80Pro Val Glu Glu Gly Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln His Ser Arg
85 90 95Glu Leu Pro Trp Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Thr
Arg 100 105 11025112PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(38)CDRL1 25Asp Ile
Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser Leu Val Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15Gln
Arg Ala Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser 20 25
30Gly Tyr Ser Phe Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro
35 40 45Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro
Ala 50 55 60Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Asn
Ile His65 70 75 80Pro Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Ala Thr Thr Tyr Tyr Cys
Gln His Ser Arg 85 90 95Glu Leu Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys
Leu Glu Met Lys Arg 100 105 11026112PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(38)CDRL1 26Asp Ile Gly Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15Gln Arg Ala Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Ala Phe 20 25 30Gly Tyr Asn Tyr Met His Trp
Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro 35 40 45Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu
Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Ala 50 55 60Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Asn Ile His65 70 75 80Ala Val Glu
Glu Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln His Ser Arg 85 90 95Glu Leu
Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Leu Lys Arg 100 105
11027112PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(38)CDRL1 27Asp Ile Gly Leu Thr
Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15Gln Arg Ala Thr
Ile Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser 20 25 30Gly Tyr Ser
Phe Met His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro 35 40 45Lys Leu
Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Ala 50 55 60Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Ile Leu Asn Ile His65 70 75
80Pro Val Glu Glu Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln His Ser Arg
85 90 95Glu Leu Pro Leu Ala Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Leu Thr
Pro 100 105 11028108PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 28Asp Ile
Gln Met Thr Gln Thr Thr Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15Asp
Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Ser Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Asn Tyr 20 25
30Leu Asn Trp Phe Gln Gln Lys Pro Asp Gly Thr Val Lys Leu Leu Ile
35 40 45Tyr Tyr Thr Ser Ser Leu His Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser
Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Tyr Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser Asn Leu
Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr Ser
Lys Leu Pro Tyr 85 90 95Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
Arg 100 10529170PRTHomo sapiens 29Arg Ala Val Pro Gly Gly Ser Ser
Pro Ala Trp Thr Gln Cys Gln Gln1 5 10 15Leu Ser Gln Lys Leu Cys Thr
Leu Ala Trp Ser Ala His Pro Leu Val 20 25 30Gly His Met Asp Leu Arg
Glu Glu Gly Asp Glu Glu Thr Thr Asn Asp 35 40 45Val Pro His Ile Gln
Cys Gly Asp Gly Cys Asp Pro Gln Gly Leu Arg 50 55 60Asp Asn Ser Gln
Phe Cys Leu Gln Arg Ile His Gln Gly Leu Ile Phe65 70 75 80Tyr Glu
Lys Leu Leu Gly Ser Asp Ile Phe Thr Gly Glu Pro Ser Leu 85 90 95Leu
Pro Asp Ser Pro Val Gly Gln Leu His Ala Ser Leu Leu Gly Leu 100 105
110Ser Gln Leu Leu Gln Pro Glu Gly His His Trp Glu Thr Gln Gln Ile
115 120 125Pro Ser Leu Ser Pro Ser Gln Pro Trp Gln Arg Leu Leu Leu
Arg Phe 130 135 140Lys Ile Leu Arg Ser Leu Gln Ala Phe Val Ala Val
Ala Ala Arg Val145 150 155 160Phe Ala His Gly Ala Ala Thr Leu Ser
Pro 165 17030175PRTMus musculus 30Val Pro Arg Ser Ser Ser Pro Asp
Trp Ala Gln Cys Gln Gln Leu Ser1 5 10 15Arg Asn Leu Cys Met Leu Ala
Trp Asn Ala His Ala Pro Ala Gly His 20 25 30Met Asn Leu Leu Arg Glu
Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Thr Lys Asn Asn Val 35 40 45Pro Arg Ile Gln Cys
Glu Asp Gly Cys Asp Pro Gln Gly Leu Lys Asp 50 55 60Asn Ser Gln Phe
Cys Leu Gln Arg Ile Arg Gln Gly Leu Ala Phe Tyr65 70 75 80Lys His
Leu Leu Asp Ser Asp Ile Phe Lys Gly Glu Pro Ala Leu Leu 85 90 95Pro
Asp Ser Pro Met Glu Gln Leu His Thr Ser Leu Leu Gly Leu Ser 100 105
110Gln Leu Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp His Pro Arg Glu Thr Gln Gln Met Pro
115 120 125Ser Leu Ser Ser Ser Gln Gln Trp Gln Arg Pro Leu Leu Arg
Ser Lys 130 135 140Ile Leu Arg Ser Leu Gln Ala Phe Leu Ala Ile Ala
Ala Arg Val Phe145 150 155 160Ala His Gly Ala Ala Thr Leu Thr Glu
Pro Leu Val Pro Thr Ala 165 170 17531115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 31Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Asp Leu
Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Ile
Asn Trp Asp Leu Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr 100 105
110Val Ser Ala 11532114PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 32Glu
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Arg Tyr
20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Val Pro Asn Tyr Asn Glu
Asn Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser
Thr Ala Ser65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Val Trp Asp Phe Thr Tyr Trp Gly Gln
Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val 100 105 110Ser Ala33115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 33Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Thr Tyr 20 25 30Leu Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65
70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr
Cys 85 90 95Thr Lys Asn Trp Asp Lys Gly Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr
Leu Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ser 11534115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 34Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Leu Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Ala Tyr Thr Phe Thr Arg Tyr 20 25 30Leu Ile His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Arg Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg
Asn Trp Asp Val Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr 100 105
110Val Ser Ala 11535115PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 35Glu
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ala Tyr
20 25 30Asn Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Ser His Gly Lys Ser Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Asn Asn Gly Ile Pro Asn Tyr Asn Gln
Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asn Lys Ser Ser Ser
Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Phe Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Leu Asn Trp Asp Leu Asp Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Ser 100 105 110Val Ser Ser 11536115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 36Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Arg Tyr 20 25 30Leu Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg
Asn Trp Asp Val Thr Cys Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr 100 105
110Val Ser Ala 11537115PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 37Glu
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr
20 25 30Leu Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Pro Lys Tyr Asn Glu
Gln Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Asn
Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Asn Trp Asp Val Thr Cys Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ala 11538115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 38Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Ser
Asn Trp Asp Val Gly Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105
110Val Ser Ser 11539115PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 39Glu
Val Gln Leu Lys Gln Ser Gly Leu Glu Val Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ala His
20 25 30Leu Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu
Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser
Thr Ala Phe65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Ser Asn Trp Asp Val Gly Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ser 11540115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 40Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Ala Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Ser
Asn Trp Asp Val Gly Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105
110Val Ser Ser 11541115PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 41Glu
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Ser Tyr
20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu
Lys Phe 50 55 60Arg Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Asn
Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Leu Asp Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Ser Asn Trp Asp Val Gly Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ser 11542115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 42Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys His Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Thr Ser
Asn Trp Asp Val Gly Phe Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105
110Val Ser Ser 11543115PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 43Glu
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Arg Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr
20 25 30Leu Ile His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu
Asn Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser
Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Ser Asn Trp Asp Val Gly Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ser 11544115PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 44Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Gly Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Ser
Asn Trp Asp Val Gly Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105
110Val Ser Ser 11545115PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 45Glu
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10
15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ala Tyr
20 25 30Asn Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Ser His Gly Lys Ser Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Asn Asn Gly Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Gln
Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asn Lys Ser Ser Ser
Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser
Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Thr Leu Asn Trp Asp Leu Asp Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ser 11546118PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 46Glu Val Met Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly
Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Gly1 5 10 15Ser Leu Lys Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala
Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30Ser Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln
Thr Pro Glu Lys Arg Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45Ala Thr Ile Ser Arg Gly
Gly Gly Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Pro Asp Ser Val 50 55 60Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr
Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Asn Leu Tyr65 70 75 80Leu Arg Met
Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Leu Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg
Trp Pro Phe Ser Tyr Gly Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105
110Ser Val Thr Val Ser Ser 11547118PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 47Glu Val Met Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly
Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Gly1 5 10 15Ser Leu Lys Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala
Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Thr Tyr 20 25 30Asp Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln
Thr Pro Glu Lys Arg Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45Ala Thr Ile Ser Arg Gly
Gly Gly Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Pro Asp Ser Val 50 55 60Lys Ser Arg Phe Thr
Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Asn Leu Tyr65 70 75 80Leu Gln Met
Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Val Asp Thr Ala Leu Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ser Arg
Trp Pro Phe Ser Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105
110Ser Val Thr Val Ser Ser 11548118PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(26)..(35)CDRH1 48Glu Val Met Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly
Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Gly1 5 10 15Ser Leu Lys Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala
Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30Ser Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln
Thr Pro Glu Lys Arg Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45Ala Thr Ile Ser Arg Gly
Gly Gly Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Pro Asp Ser Val 50 55 60Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr
Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Asn Asn Asn Leu Phe65 70 75 80Leu Arg Leu
Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Leu Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg
Trp Pro Phe Ser Tyr Gly Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105
110Ser Val Thr Val Ser Ser 11549108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 49Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Phe Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10550108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 50Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Arg Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu Tyr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10551108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 51Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Glu Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10552108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 52Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Thr Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10553108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 53Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Arg Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu Tyr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Phe Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val
Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10554108PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 54Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala
Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25
30Leu His Trp Tyr His Gln Lys Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile
35 40 45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser
Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn Ser Val
Glu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His
Ser Phe Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
Arg 100 10555108PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(34)CDRL1 55Asp Ile Val
Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg
Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30Leu
His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40
45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu
Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser
Phe Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg
100 10556114PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(40)CDRL1 56Asp Ile Val Met
Ser Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Glu Lys Ile
Thr Met Thr Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Thr Leu Leu Tyr Ser 20 25 30Ser Asn
Gln Lys Asn Phe Leu Ala Trp Tyr Arg Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40 45Ser
Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Thr Ser Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Val 50 55
60Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr65
70 75 80Ile Ser Ser Val Lys Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
Gln 85 90 95Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu
Glu Ile 100 105 110Lys Arg57114PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(40)CDRL1
57Asp Ile Val Met Ser Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Val Ala Val Ser Val Gly1
5 10 15Glu Lys Val Thr Met Ser Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Tyr
Ser 20 25 30Ser Asn Gln Lys Asn Phe Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln 35 40 45Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Phe Trp Thr Ser Thr Arg Lys
Ser Gly Val 50 55 60Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp
Phe Thr Leu Thr65 70 75 80Ile Ser Ser Val Lys Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln 85 90 95Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly
Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile 100 105 110Lys Arg58114PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(40)CDRL1 58Asp Ile Val Met Ser Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Val Ala Val Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Glu Lys Val Thr Met Ser Cys Lys
Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser 20 25 30Ser Asn Gln Lys Asn Phe Leu
Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40 45Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile
Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Val 50 55 60Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr
Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Ile Leu Thr65 70 75 80Ile Ser Ser
Val Arg Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Phe Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln 85 90 95Tyr Tyr
Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile 100 105
110Lys Arg59114PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(40)CDRL1 59Asp Ile Val
Met Ser Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Gln Thr Val Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Glu Arg
Val Thr Met Ser Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser 20 25 30Ser
Asn Gln Lys Asn Phe Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40
45Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile His Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Val
50 55 60Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr65 70 75 80Ile Ser Ser Val Lys Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Leu Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln Gln 85 90 95Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr
Lys Leu Glu Ile 100 105 110Lys Arg60114PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(40)CDRL1 60Asp Ile Val Met Ser Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Glu Lys Val Thr Met Asn Cys Lys
Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser 20 25 30Thr Asn Gln Lys Asn Phe Leu
Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40 45Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile
Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Lys Ser Gly Val 50 55 60Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr
Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr65 70 75 80Ile Ser Ser
Val Lys Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln 85 90 95Tyr Tyr
Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile 100 105
110Lys Arg61114PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(40)CDRL1 61Asp Ile Val
Met Ser Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Pro Val Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Glu Lys
Val Thr Met Ser Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser 20 25 30Ser
Ser Gln Lys Asn Tyr Leu Ala Trp Ser Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40
45Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Lys Ser Gly Val
50 55 60Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr65 70 75 80Ile Ser Ser Val Lys Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Val Tyr Tyr
Cys His Gln 85 90 95Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr
Lys Leu Glu Ile 100 105 110Lys Arg62114PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(40)CDRL1 62Asp Ile Val Met Ser Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Val Ala Val Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Glu Lys Val Thr Met Asn Cys Lys
Ser Ser Gln Asn Leu Leu Tyr Ser 20 25 30Ser Asn Gln Lys Asn Phe Leu
Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40 45Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile
Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Lys Ser Gly Val 50 55 60Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr
Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr65 70 75 80Ile Ser Ser
Val Arg Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Phe Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln 85 90 95Tyr Tyr
Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile 100 105
110Lys Arg63112PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(38)CDRL1 63Asp Ile Val
Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser Phe Ala Val Ala Leu Gly1 5 10 15Gln Arg
Ala Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser 20 25 30Asp
Tyr Ser Tyr Met His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro 35 40
45Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Asp Ser Gly Val Pro Ala
50 55 60Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Asn Ile
His65 70 75 80Pro Val Glu Glu Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
His Ser Arg 85 90 95Glu Leu Pro Tyr Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu
Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 105 11064112PRTMus
musculusDOMAIN(24)..(38)CDRL1 64Asp Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Thr
Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15Gln Arg Ala Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser 20 25 30Asp Tyr Ser Tyr Met His Trp
Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro 35 40 45Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu
Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Ala 50 55 60Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Asn Ile His65 70 75 80Pro Val Glu
Glu Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln His Ser Arg 85 90 95Glu Leu
Pro Tyr Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Arg Arg 100 105
11065112PRTMus musculusDOMAIN(24)..(38)CDRL1 65Asp Ile Val Leu Thr
Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser Leu Ala Val Ala Leu Gly1 5 10 15Gln Arg Ala Thr
Ile Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser 20 25 30Asp Tyr Ser
Tyr Met His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro 35 40 45Lys Leu
Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Asp Ser Gly Val Pro Ala 50 55 60Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Asn Ile His65 70 75
80Pro Val Glu Glu Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln His Ser Arg
85 90 95Glu Phe Pro Tyr Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
Arg 100 105 1106610PRTMus musculus 66Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr
Leu Met His1 5 106717PRTMus musculus 67Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp
Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe Lys1 5 10 15Gly686PRTMus musculus
68Asn Trp Asp Val Gly Tyr1 56911PRTMus musculus 69Arg Ala Ser Gln
Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr Leu His1 5 107017PRTMus musculus 70Lys Ser Ser
Gln Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser Ser Asn Gln Lys Asn Phe Leu1 5 10
15Ala7115PRTMus musculus 71Arg Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser Asp
Tyr Ser Tyr Met His1 5 10 15727PRTMus musculus 72Tyr Ala Ser Gln
Ser Ile Ser1 5737PRTMus musculus 73Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Lys Ser1
5747PRTMus musculus 74Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser1 5759PRTMus
musculus 75Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Phe Thr1 5769PRTMus musculus
76Gln Gln Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr1 5779PRTMus musculus 77Gln
His Ser Arg Glu Leu Pro Tyr Thr1 57810PRTMus
musculusVARIANT(1)..(1)Can be Gly or Ala 78Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Thr Xaa
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa1 5 107917PRTMus musculusVARIANT(5)..(5)Can be Tyr
or Asn 79Tyr Ile Asn Pro Xaa Asn Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr Asn Xaa Xaa
Phe Xaa1 5 10 15Xaa806PRTMus musculusVARIANT(4)..(4)Can be Val,
Arg, Leu, Gln or Phe 80Asn Trp Asp Xaa Xaa Xaa1 58111PRTMus
musculusVARIANT(5)..(5)Can be Ser, Thr or Arg 81Arg Ala Ser Gln Xaa
Ile Xaa Asp Tyr Leu His1 5 108217PRTMus musculusVARIANT(5)..(5)Can
be Ser, Asn or Thr 82Lys Ser Ser Gln Xaa Leu Leu Tyr Ser Xaa Xaa
Gln Lys Asn Xaa Leu1 5 10 15Ala8315PRTMus
musculusVARIANT(8)..(8)Can be Thr or Ala 83Arg Ala Ser Lys Ser Val
Ser Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa1 5 10 15847PRTMus
musculusVARIANT(1)..(1)Can be Tyr or Phe 84Xaa Xaa Ser Gln Ser Ile
Ser1 5857PRTMus musculusVARIANT(2)..(2)Can be Ala or Thr 85Trp Xaa
Ser Thr Arg Xaa Ser1 5867PRTMus musculusVARIANT(6)..(6)Can be Glu
or Asp 86Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Xaa Ser1 5879PRTMus
musculusVARIANT(8)..(8)Can be Phe or Tyr 87Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe
Pro Xaa Thr1 5889PRTMus musculusVARIANT(1)..(1)Can be Gln or His
88Xaa Gln Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr1 5899PRTMus
musculusVARIANT(8)..(8)Can be Tyr, Leu or Trp 89Gln His Ser Arg Glu
Leu Pro Xaa Thr1 590118PRTArtificialHuman frameworks, rodent CDRs
90Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Val Val Gln Pro Gly Arg1
5 10 15Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30Ser Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu
Trp Val 35 40 45Ala Thr Ile Ser Arg Gly Gly Gly Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Pro
Asp Ser Val 50 55 60Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys
Asn Thr Leu Tyr65 70 75 80Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp
Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Trp Pro Phe Ser Tyr Gly Met
Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser
11591114PRTArtificialHuman frameworks, rodent CDRs 91Glu Ile Val
Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Gly Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly1 5 10 15Glu Arg
Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser 20 25 30Asp
Tyr Ser Tyr Met His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro 35 40
45Arg Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Asp Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp
50 55 60Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile
Ser65 70 75 80Arg Leu Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
His Ser Arg 85 90 95Glu Phe Pro Tyr Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val
Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 105 110Thr Val92115PRTArtificialHuman
frameworks, rodent CDRs 92Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu
Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser
Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala
Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn
Ala Gly Thr Asn Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Arg Val Thr Met
Thr Thr Asp Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Arg
Ser Leu Arg Ser Asp Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Asn
Trp Asp Val Gly Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr 100 105 110Val
Ser Ser 11593116PRTArtificialHuman frameworks, rodent CDRs 93Asp
Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Asp Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10
15Glu Arg Ala Thr Ile Asn Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser
20 25 30Ser Asn Gln Lys Asn Phe Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly
Gln 35 40 45Pro Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Glu Ser
Gly Val 50 55 60Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe
Thr Leu Thr65 70 75 80Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Val Ala Val
Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln 85 90 95Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Gln
Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile 100 105 110Lys Arg Thr Val 115
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References