U.S. patent application number 12/831075 was filed with the patent office on 2010-12-30 for fucoidan compositions and methods for dietary and nutritional supplements.
This patent application is currently assigned to SAKURA PROPERTIES, LLC. Invention is credited to Thomas E. Mower.
Application Number | 20100330211 12/831075 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37010568 |
Filed Date | 2010-12-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100330211 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Mower; Thomas E. |
December 30, 2010 |
FUCOIDAN COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL
SUPPLEMENTS
Abstract
Compositions and methods relating to partially hydrolyzed
fucoidan for use in dietary supplements are described. Fucoidan
from brown seaweeds is partially hydrolyzed and then mixed with
other ingredients for use as a dietary supplement in beverage,
capsule, or tablet form. The fucoidan is partially hydrolyzed with
acid and heat. The partially hydrolyzed fucoidan can also be
sulfonated. Other ingredients that can be included in the dietary
supplement include high-ORAC-value antioxidants, minerals, pepper
extract, flavoring agents, coloring agents, and preservatives. The
compositions can be in the form of beverages, tablets, capsules,
powders, and the like.
Inventors: |
Mower; Thomas E.;
(Springville, UT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
ALAN J. HOWARTH
P.O. BOX 1909
SANDY
UT
84091-1909
US
|
Assignee: |
SAKURA PROPERTIES, LLC
Salem
UT
|
Family ID: |
37010568 |
Appl. No.: |
12/831075 |
Filed: |
July 6, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11083826 |
Mar 18, 2005 |
7749545 |
|
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12831075 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/732 ;
424/725; 424/734; 424/735; 424/736; 424/765; 424/766; 424/777;
514/54 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/9789 20170801;
A61P 31/04 20180101; A61P 35/00 20180101; A61P 7/04 20180101; A61P
13/12 20180101; A61P 3/06 20180101; A61P 17/02 20180101; A61K
8/9711 20170801; A61P 9/00 20180101; A61P 31/12 20180101; A61P
35/04 20180101; A61P 43/00 20180101; A61K 8/9717 20170801; A61P
1/04 20180101; A61P 17/18 20180101; A61P 37/00 20180101; A61P 9/10
20180101; A61P 29/00 20180101; A61P 7/02 20180101; A61Q 17/04
20130101; A61K 8/29 20130101; A61P 31/00 20180101; A61P 31/14
20180101; A61P 25/02 20180101; A61P 37/04 20180101; A61P 39/06
20180101; A61P 3/10 20180101; A61P 25/28 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/732 ; 514/54;
424/766; 424/765; 424/735; 424/736; 424/777; 424/725; 424/734 |
International
Class: |
A61K 36/45 20060101
A61K036/45; A61K 31/715 20060101 A61K031/715; A61K 36/87 20060101
A61K036/87; A61K 36/73 20060101 A61K036/73; A61K 36/736 20060101
A61K036/736; A61K 36/752 20060101 A61K036/752; A61K 36/815 20060101
A61K036/815; A61K 36/00 20060101 A61K036/00; A61K 36/67 20060101
A61K036/67; A61K 8/97 20060101 A61K008/97; A61P 7/02 20060101
A61P007/02; A61P 17/02 20060101 A61P017/02; A61P 29/00 20060101
A61P029/00; A61P 31/00 20060101 A61P031/00; A61P 37/00 20060101
A61P037/00; A61P 9/00 20060101 A61P009/00; A61Q 19/08 20060101
A61Q019/08 |
Claims
1. A dietary supplement comprising about 0.5 to about 70 parts by
weight of partially hydrolyzed fucoidan and about 30 to about 99.5
parts by weight of water.
2. The dietary supplement of claim 1 further comprising about 0.5
to about 20 parts by weight of a nutraceutical ingredient having a
high ORAC value.
3. The dietary supplement of claim 2 wherein the nutraceutical
ingredient having a high ORAC value comprises grape
concentrate.
4. The dietary supplement of claim 2 wherein the nutraceutical
ingredient having a high ORAC value comprises blueberry
concentrate.
5. The dietary supplement of claim 2 wherein the nutraceutical
ingredient having a high ORAC value comprises acai fruit
concentrate.
6. The dietary supplement of claim 2 wherein the nutraceutical
ingredient having a high ORAC value is a member selected from the
group consisting of grape concentrate, blueberry concentrate, acai
fruit concentrate, raspberry concentrate, blackberry concentrate,
strawberry concentrate, plum concentrate, orange concentrate,
cherry concentrate, kiwi fruit concentrate, currant concentrate,
elderberry concentrate, black currant concentrate, cranberry
concentrate, mangosteen, noni, aronia, wolfberry, anthocyanidins,
curcuminoids, and mixtures thereof.
7. The dietary supplement of claim 1 wherein the partially
hydrolyzed fucoidan is sulfonated.
8. The dietary supplement of claim 1 wherein the fucoidan is from
Tongan limu moui seaweed.
9. The dietary supplement of claim 1 wherein the fucoidan is from
Japanese mozuku or kombu seaweeds, or comprises a mixture of
fucoidans from Japanese mozuku and kombu seaweeds.
10. The dietary supplement of claim 1 further comprising about 0.01
to about 2 parts by weight of minerals.
11. The dietary supplement of claim 10 wherein the minerals
comprise deep sea minerals.
12. The dietary supplement of claim 1 further comprising about 0.01
to about 1 parts by weight of a flavoring agent.
13. The dietary supplement of claim 1 further comprising about 0.01
to about 1 parts by weight of a preservative.
14. The dietary supplement of claim 13 wherein the preservative
comprises sodium benzoate.
15. The dietary supplement of claim 1 further comprising about
0.001 to about 1 parts by weight of pepper extract.
16. The dietary supplement of claim 15 wherein the pepper extract
comprises black pepper.
17. The dietary supplement of claim 15 wherein the pepper extract
comprises Sichuan pepper.
18. A dietary supplement comprising about 0.5 to about 70 parts by
weight of partially hydrolyzed fucoidan, about 0.5 to about 20
parts by weight of a nutraceutical ingredient having a high ORAC
value and about 10 to about 99 parts by weight of water.
19. The dietary supplement of claim 18 wherein the nutraceutical
ingredient having a high ORAC value comprises grape
concentrate.
20. The dietary supplement of claim 18 wherein the nutraceutical
ingredient having a high ORAC value comprises blueberry
concentrate.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 11/083,826, filed Mar. 18, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,749,545,
which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] This invention relates generally to dietary supplements
incorporating fucoidan derived from seaweed. More particularly, the
present invention relates to dietary supplements incorporating
fucoidan from seaweed, such as Tongan limu moui and Japanese hoku
kombu and mozuku, and optionally including one or more ingredients
having a high oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC).
[0004] Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in many sea
plants and animals and is particularly concentrated in the cell
walls of brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Fucoidan is a complex
carbohydrate polymer composed mostly of sulfated L-fucose residues.
These polysaccharides are easily extracted from the cell wall of
brown algae with hot water or dilute acid and can account for more
than 40% of the dry weight of isolated cell walls. O. Berteau &
B. Mulloy, Sulfated fucans, fresh perspectives: structures,
functions, and biological properties of sulfated fucans and an
overview of enzymes active toward this class of polysaccharide, 13
Glycobiology 29R-40R (2003). Fucoidan structure appears to be
linked to algal species, but there is insufficient evidence to
establish any systematic correspondence between structure and algal
order. High amounts of .alpha.(1-3) and .alpha.(1-4) glycosidic
bonds occur in fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum. A disaccharide
repeating unit of alternating .alpha.(1-3) and .alpha.(1-4) bonds
represents the most abundant structural feature of fucoidans from
both A. nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus. Sulfate residues are found
mainly in position 4. Further heterogeneity is added by the
presence of acetyl groups coupled to oxygen atoms and branches,
which are present in all the plant fucoidans.
[0005] Fucoidan-containing seaweeds have been eaten and used
medicinally for at least 3000 years in Tonga and at least 2000
years in China. An enormous amount of research has been reported in
the modern scientific literature, where more than 500 studies are
referenced in a PubMed search for fucoidan.
[0006] The physiological properties of fucoidans in the algae
appear to be a role in cell wall organization and possibly in
cross-linking of alginate and cellulose and morphogenesis of algal
embryos. Fucoidans also have a wide spectrum of activity in
biological systems. They have anticoagulant and antithrombotic
activity, act on the inflammation and immune systems, have
antiproliferative and antiadhesive effects on cells, and protect
cells from viral infection.
[0007] Further, fucoidan has numerous beneficial functions that
heal and strengthen different systems of the body, including
anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-tumor
properties. A. I. Usov et al., Polysaccharides of Algae:
Polysaccharide Composition of Several Brown Algae from Kamchatka,
27 Russian J. Bio. Chem. 395-399 (2001). Fucoidan has been found to
build and stimulate the immune system. Research has also indicated
that fucoidan reduces allergies, inhibits blood clotting, fights
diabetes by controlling blood sugar, prevents ulcers, relieves
stomach disorders, reduces inflammation, protects the kidneys by
increasing renal blood flow, and detoxifies the body. Fucoidan also
helps to reduce and prevent cardiovascular disease by lowering high
cholesterol levels and activating enzymes involved in the
beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
[0008] A Japanese study found that fucoidans enhanced phagocytosis,
the process in which white blood cells engulf, kill, digest, and
eliminate debris, viruses, and bacteria. An American study reported
that fucoidans increased the number of circulating mature white
blood cells. An Argentine study and a Japanese study found that
fucoidans inhibited viruses, such as herpes simplex type I, from
attaching to, penetrating, and replicating in host cells. A Swedish
study is among the many that showed fucoidans inhibit inflammation
cascades and tissue damage that may lead to allergies. Other
studies, such as one in Canada, found that fucoidans block the
complement activation process that is believed to play an adverse
role in chronic degenerative diseases, such as atherosclerosis,
heart attack, and Alzheimer's disease. Two American studies found
that fucoidans increase and mobilize stem cells.
[0009] Researchers have also determined that fucoidan tends to
combat cancer by reducing angiogenesis (blood vessel growth),
inhibiting metastasis (spreading of cancer cells to other parts of
the body), and promoting death of cancer cells. Certain societies
that make brown seaweed part of their diet appear to have
remarkably low instances of cancer. For example, the prefecture of
Okinawa, where the inhabitants enjoy some of the highest life
expectancies in Japan, also happens to have one of the highest per
capita consumption rates of fucoidans. It is noteworthy that the
cancer death rate in Okinawa is the lowest of all the prefectures
in Japan.
[0010] Brown seaweed is found in abundance in various ocean areas
of the world. One of the purest locations that provides some of the
highest yields of fucoidan is in the clear waters surrounding the
Tongan islands, where the seaweed is called limu moui. In Japan,
hoku kombu (Laminaria japonica), is said to be particularly rich in
fucoidans and is similar to limu moui. The Japanese also consume at
least two other types of brown seaweed--wakame and mozuku
(Cladosiphon and Nemacystus).
[0011] Typically, about four percent by weight of Tongan limu moui
is fucoidan. There are at least three types of fucoidan polymer
molecules found in brown seaweed. U-fucoidan, having about 20
percent glucuronic acid, is particularly active in carrying out
cancer cell destruction. F-fucoidan, a polymer of mostly sulfated
fucose, and G-fucoidan both tend to induce the production of HGF
cells that assist in restoring and repairing damaged cells. All
three types of fucoidan also tend to induce the production of
agents that strengthen the immune system.
[0012] Accordingly, consumable beverages and other compositions of
fucoidan are needed to benefit from the many advantages mentioned
above. Methods of preparation of fucoidan may be used to enhance
consumption while not destroying its beneficial effects.
[0013] In view of the foregoing, it will be appreciated that
providing a fucoidan-containing nutritional supplement would be a
significant advancement in the art.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] Dietary supplements according to the present invention
provide many beneficial effects, among them providing for life
extension, anti-aging, and regeneration of cells and tissues, such
as muscles and bones; promoting growth factors in the body;
promoting high energy, vitality, and youthfulness; preventing blood
clots and thrombosis; reducing and preventing inflammation;
strengthening the immune system; protecting against viral,
bacterial, and other types of infection; preventing tumorigenesis
and the spread of cancers; reducing allergies; fighting diabetes by
controlling blood sugar; preventing ulcers; relieving stomach
disorders; protecting the kidneys by increasing renal blood flow;
detoxifing the body; reducing and preventing cardiovascular
disease; and activating stem cells.
[0015] An illustrative embodiment of a dietary supplement according
to the present invention comprises about 0.5 to about 70 parts by
weight of partially hydrolyzed fucoidan and about 30 to about 99.5
parts by weight of water. The partially hydrolyzed fucoidan can be
sulfonated or not during the hydrolysis reaction. Sulfonated
fucoidan is believed to provide certain benefits to the dietary
supplement, such as enhanced properties relating to anti-cancer,
antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, life extension, anti-aging, cell
and tissue regeneration, and stem cell activation effects.
Additional illustrative embodiments further comprise other
ingredients, which optionally may be added in any selected
combination. For example, a dietary supplement may additionally
comprise about 0.5 to about 20 parts by weight of a nutraceutical
ingredient having a high ORAC value, such as concentrates of black
grapes, red grapes, white grapes, blueberry, acai fruit, raspberry,
blackberry, strawberry, plum, orange, cherry, kiwi fruit, currant,
elderberry, black currant, cranberry, mangosteen, noni, aronia,
wolfberry, proanthocyanidins (such as from grape seed extract),
curcuminoids, or mixtures thereof. Further, a dietary supplement
may further comprise about 0.01 to about 2 parts by weight of
minerals, such as deep sea minerals. Still further, a dietary
supplement may further comprise about 0.001 to about 1 parts by
weight of pepper extract, such as black pepper or Sichuan pepper
extract or mixtures thereof. The fucoidan from which the partially
hydrolyzed fucoidan is made can be from Tongan limu moui seaweed or
Japanese mozuku or kombu seaweeds, or a mixture of such fucoidans.
The dietary supplement can additionally comprise flavoring agents,
preservatives, and the like.
[0016] Another illustrative dietary supplement according to the
present invention comprises about 0.5 to about 70 parts by weight
of partially hydrolyzed fucoidan, about 0.5 to about 20 parts by
weight of a nutraceutical ingredient having a high ORAC value and
about 10 to about 99 parts by weight of water.
[0017] Still another illustrative dietary supplement according to
the present invention comprises about 0.5 to about 70 parts by
weight of partially hydrolyzed fucoidan, about 0.001 to about 1
parts by weight of pepper extract, and about 29 to about 99.5 parts
by weight of water.
[0018] Yet another illustrative dietary supplement according to the
present invention comprises about 0.5 to about 70 parts by weight
of partially hydrolyzed, sulfonated fucoidan, about 0.001 to about
1 parts by weight of pepper extract, about 0.5 to about 20 parts by
weight of a nutraceutical ingredient having a high ORAC value, and
about 9 to about 99.0 parts by weight of water.
[0019] A still further illustrative embodiment of the invention
comprises a solid dosage form for providing a dietary supplement,
the dosage form comprising partially hydrolyzed fucoidan. This
solid dosage form illustratively comprises a tablet, capsule, or
spray dried or freeze dried powder. The solid dosage form can
additionally contain any of the ingredients described above in
connection with the liquid forms of the dietary supplement. In
addition, the solid dosage forms can contain pharmaceutical
necessities useful for the manufacture and compounding thereof.
[0020] Another illustrative embodiment of the invention comprises a
method of making a partially hydrolyzed fucoidan composition, the
method comprising:
[0021] (a) mixing a selected amount of fucoidan-containing seaweed
with water and adjusting the hydrogen ion concentration
corresponding to a pH of about 2.0 to pH 4.0 to result in a
mixture;
[0022] (b) while continuing to mix the mixture, heating the mixture
to about 37.degree. C. to about 95.degree. C. for a selected time
period, thereby partially hydrolyzing the fucoidan in the seaweed
and resulting in a heated mixture;
[0023] (c) cooling the heated mixture to ambient temperatures while
continuing to mix the heated mixture as it cools, resulting in a
cooled mixture; and
[0024] (d) incubating the cooled mixture at ambient temperatures
while mixing for up to about 72 hours, thereby obtaining the
partially hydrolyzed fucoidan composition. The hydrogen ion
concentration is typically adjusted by adding an acid, according to
methods well known in the art. An illustrative acid comprises
sulfuric acid, and when sulfuric acid is used, the conditions can
be selected such that available reactive groups created by the
partial hydrolysis of the fucoidan are sulfonated, resulting in a
partially hydrolyzed, sulfonated fucoidan composition. The heating
of the mixture can be carried out at increased pressure, i.e. at
greater than one atmosphere of pressure, to speed up the hydrolysis
reaction.
[0025] Still another illustrative embodiment of the invention
comprises a method of making a dietary supplement, the method
comprising:
[0026] (a) mixing about 0.5 to about 70 parts by weight of a
partially hydrolyzed fucoidan composition with about 30 to about
99.5 parts by weight of water to result in a mixture;
[0027] (b) sterilizing the mixture; and
[0028] (c) packaging the sterilized mixture in a suitable
container. Additional ingredients can be added to the mixture, as
described above. Sterilizing the mixture can be carried out by
pasteurizing the mixture or treating the mixture with a high
temperature short time (HTST) process or an ultra-high temperature
(UHT) process. Packaging the sterilized mixture can comprise a
hot-fill process or a cold-fill process.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Before the present fucoidan-containing dietary supplements
and methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood
that this invention is not limited to the particular
configurations, process steps, and materials disclosed herein as
such configurations, process steps, and materials may vary
somewhat. It is also to be understood that the terminology employed
herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments
only and is not intended to be limiting since the scope of the
present invention will be limited only by the appended claims and
equivalents thereof.
[0030] The publications and other reference materials referred to
herein to describe the background of the invention and to provide
additional detail regarding its practice are hereby incorporated by
reference. The references discussed herein are provided solely for
their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present
application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that
the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by
virtue of prior invention.
[0031] It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the
appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include
plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Thus, for example, reference to a dietary supplement containing "a
partially hydrolyzed fucoidan" includes a mixture of two or more of
such partially hydrolyzed fucoidans, reference to "an acid"
includes reference to two or more of such acids, and reference to
"a preservative" includes reference to a mixture of two or more of
such preservatives.
[0032] In describing and claiming the present invention, the
following terminology will be used in accordance with the
definitions set out below.
[0033] As used herein, "comprising," "including," "containing,"
"characterized by," and grammatical equivalents thereof are
inclusive or open-ended terms that do not exclude additional,
unrecited elements or method steps. "Comprising" is to be
interpreted as including the more restrictive terms "consisting of"
and "consisting essentially of."
[0034] As used herein, "partially hydrolyzed fucoidan" means
fucoidan that has been hydrolyzed into smaller polymers and
oligomers, but not so thoroughly hydrolyzed as to result in
complete hydrolysis to monosaccharides.
[0035] As used herein, "high ORAC value" or similar terms means an
ORAC value of at least about 400 per 100 grams of fruit or
vegetable. For example, blueberries have an ORAC value of about
2,400 per 100 grams, and the following fruits have ORAC values as
shown in parentheses per 100 grams: blackberries (2,036),
cranberries (1,750), strawberries (1,540), raspberries (1,220),
plums (949), oranges (750), red grapes (739) cherries (670), kiwi
fruit (602), and white grapes (446). Other fruits known to have a
high ORAC value include black grapes, mangosteen, noni, aronia,
wolfberry, and acai, and the like. Further, nutraceutical
ingredients known to have high ORAC values include
proanthocyanidins, such as from extracts of grape seed and bark of
white pine of southern Europe (e.g., pycnogenol, U.S. Pat. No.
4,698,360), and curcuminoids. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC)
are illustrative.
[0036] As used herein, "sterilizing" and similar terms means, with
respect to nutritional supplements having a pH less than 4.6 and a
water activity greater than 0.85, pasteurizing the nutritional
supplement and storing at room temperature. With respect to
nutritional supplements having a pH greater than 4.6 and a water
activity greater than 0.85, "sterilizing" and similar terms mean
applying heat such that the nutritional supplement is rendered free
of microorganisms capable of reproducing in the nutritional
supplement under normal non-refrigerated conditions of storage and
distribution.
[0037] As used herein, "pasteurization" traditionally means a
process named after scientist Louis Pasteur by which every particle
of milk is heated to not lower than 62.8.degree. C. (i.e.,
145.degree. F.) for not less than 30 minutes and promptly cooled to
destroy any harmful bacteria that may be present without affecting
flavor and food value. Currently, the most common method of
pasteurization in the United States is High Temperature Short Time
(HTST) pasteurization, which uses metal plates and hot water to
raise temperatures to 71.7.degree. C. (i.e., 161.degree. F.) for
not less than 15 seconds, followed by rapid cooling. Ultra
Pasteurization (UP) is a process similar to HTST pasteurization,
but using higher temperatures and longer times. UP pasteurization
results in a product with longer shelf life but still requiring
refrigeration of milk, but not of acidified foods or nutritional
supplements (pH <4.6). Another method, Ultra High Temperature
(UHT) pasteurization, raises the temperature to over 93.3.degree.
C. (i.e., 200.degree. F.) for a few seconds, followed by rapid
cooling. A UHT-pasteurized product that is packaged aseptically
results in a "shelf stable" product that does not require
refrigeration until it is opened.
[0038] As used herein, "aseptic processing and packaging" and
similar terms mean the filling of a sterilized cooled product into
pre-sterilized containers, followed by aseptic hermetic sealing,
with a pre-sterilized closure, in an atmosphere free of
microorganisms.
[0039] As used herein, "hermetically sealed container" and similar
terms mean a container that is designed and intended to be secure
against the entry of microorganisms and thereby to maintain the
sterility of its contents after processing.
[0040] As used herein, "tablets" are solid dosage forms containing
a dietary supplement with or without suitable excipients or
diluents and prepared either by compression or molding methods well
known in the art. Tablets have been in widespread use since the
latter part of the 19.sup.th century and their popularity
continues. Tablets remain popular as a dosage form because of the
advantages afforded both to the manufacturer (e.g., simplicity and
economy of preparation, stability, and convenience in packaging,
shipping, and dispensing) and the user (e.g., accuracy of dosage,
compactness, portability, blandness of taste, and ease of
administration). Although tablets are most frequently discoid in
shape, they may also be round, oval, oblong, cylindrical, or
triangular. They may differ greatly in size and weight depending on
the amount of dietary supplement present and the intended method of
administration. They are divided into two general classes, (1)
compressed tablets, and (2) molded tablets or tablet triturates. In
addition to the active or therapeutic ingredient or ingredients,
tablets contain a number or inert materials or additives. A first
group of such additives includes those materials that help to
impart satisfactory compression characteristics to the formulation,
including diluents, binders, and lubricants. A second group of such
additives helps to give additional desirable physical
characteristics to the finished tablet, such as disintegrators,
colors, flavors, and sweetening agents.
[0041] As used herein, "diluents" are inert substances added to
increase the bulk of the formulation to make the tablet a practical
size for compression. Commonly used diluents include calcium
phosphate, calcium sulfate, lactose, kaolin, mannitol, sodium
chloride, dry starch, powdered sugar, silica, and the like.
[0042] As used herein, "binders" are agents used to impart cohesive
qualities to the powdered material. Binders, or "granulators" as
they are sometimes known, impart a cohesiveness to the tablet
formulation, which insures the tablet remaining intact after
compression, as well as improving the free-flowing qualities by the
formulation of granules of desired hardness and size. Materials
commonly used as binders include starch; gelatin; sugars, such as
sucrose, glucose, dextrose, molasses, and lactose; natural and
synthetic gums, such as acacia, sodium alginate, extract of Irish
moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum, mucilage of isapol husks,
carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
Veegum, microcrystalline cellulose, microcrystalline dextrose,
amylose, and larch arabogalactan, and the like.
[0043] As used herein, "lubricants" are materials that perform a
number of functions in tablet manufacture, such as improving the
rate of flow of the tablet granulation, preventing adhesion of the
tablet material to the surface of the dies and punches, reducing
interparticle friction, and facilitating the ejection of the
tablets from the die cavity. Commonly used lubricants include talc,
magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, and
hydrogenated vegetable oils.
[0044] As used herein, "disintegrators" or "disintegrants" are
substances that facilitate the breakup or disintegration of tablets
after administration. Materials serving as disintegrants have been
chemically classified as starches, clays, celluloses, algins, or
gums. Other disintegrators include Veegum HV, methylcellulose,
agar, bentonite, cellulose and wood products, natural sponge,
cation-exchange resins, alginic acid, guar gum, citrus pulp,
cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, and the
like.
[0045] As used herein, "coloring agents" are agents that give
tablets a more pleasing appearance, and in addition help the
manufacturer to control the product during its preparation and help
the user to identify the product. Any of the approved certified
water-soluble FD&C dyes, mixtures thereof, or their
corresponding lakes may be used to color tablets. A color lake is
the combination by adsorption of a water-soluble dye to a hydrous
oxide of a heavy metal, resulting in an insoluble form of the
dye.
[0046] As used herein, "flavoring agents" vary considerably in
their chemical structure, ranging from simple esters, alcohols, and
aldehydes to carbohydrates and complex volatile oils. Natural and
synthetic flavors of almost any desired type are now available.
[0047] As used herein, "capsules" are solid dosage forms in which
the dietary supplement is enclosed in a hard or soft (including gel
caps), soluble container or shell of a suitable polymer, such as
gelatin. The soft gelatin capsule was invented by Mothes, a French
pharmacist in 1833. During the following year DuBlanc obtained a
patent for his soft gelatin capsules. In 1848 Murdock patented the
two-piece hard gelatin capsule. The encapsulation of medicinal
agents, dietary supplements, and the like remains a popular method
of administering agents by the oral route. Capsules are tasteless,
easily administered, and easily filled. Some persons find it easier
to swallow capsules than tablets, therefore preferring to take this
form when possible. This preference has prompted manufacturers to
market products in capsule form even though the product has already
been produced in tablet form.
[0048] As used herein, "pharmaceutical necessities" means
substances that are of little or no dietary or therapeutic value,
but which are useful in the manufacture and compounding of various
dietary supplement preparations. These substances include
antioxidants and preservatives; coloring, flavoring, and diluting
agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; ointment bases;
pharmaceutical solvents; and miscellaneous agents. See, for
example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences for a review of what
is known in the art concerning pharmaceutical necessities.
[0049] As used here, "powders" means a solid dosage form intended
to be suspended or dissolved in water or another liquid or mixed
with soft foods prior to administration. Powders are typically
prepared by spray drying or freeze drying of liquid formulations.
Powders are advantageous due to flexibility, stability, rapid
effect, and ease of administration.
[0050] As used herein, "Brix" is a scale for measuring the sugar
content of grapes, wine, and the like. Each degree of Brix is
equivalent to one gram of sugar per 100 ml of liquid. Thus, an 18
degree Brix sugar solution contains 18% by weight of sugar. Brix
also describes the percent of suspended solids in a liquid. Thus,
95 Brix, for example, denotes a liquid that contains 95% by weight
of suspended solids. Brix is measured with an optical device called
a refractometer. The Brix system of measurement is named for A. F.
W. Brix, a 19.sup.th century German inventor.
[0051] The present invention advances prior art dietary supplements
by providing a dietary supplement formulated with fucoidan from
seaweed, such as limu moui, kombu, or mozuku. The addition of
fucoidan to the dietary supplement of the present invention serves
to provide significant dietary and nutritional advantages not found
in prior art dietary supplements. The fucoidan-enhanced dietary
supplement of the present invention provides many beneficial
functions, including providing for life extension, anti-aging, and
regeneration of cells and tissues, such as muscles and bones;
promoting growth factors in the body; promoting high energy,
vitality, and youthfulness; maintaining and strengthening the
immune system, reducing allergies, inhibiting blood clotting,
controlling blood sugar, preventing ulcers, reliving stomach
disorders, reducing inflammation, protecting the kidneys, and
detoxifying the body. Fucoidan preparations according to the
present invention may also help to reduce and prevent
cardiovascular disease by lowering cholesterol levels, inhibiting
smooth muscle cell proliferation, and activating enzymes involved
in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
[0052] In addition, the fucoidan-enhanced dietary supplement of the
present invention fights cancerous tumors and minimizes the visible
signs of both biological and environmental aging. That is, the
present dietary supplements slow the aging process assist in
regenerating damaged cells and tissues, and promote growth factors
in the body. Fucoidan is high in antioxidants that help to fight
free radical damage to the body that may lead to cancer. Fucoidan
also provides significant benefits to the skin. Fucoidan is high in
antioxidants that help to fight free radical damage caused by the
sun and other changing environmental conditions and elements.
[0053] Brown seaweed grows in many oceans, including off the coasts
of Japan and Okinawa, Russian coastal waters, Tonga, and other
places. An excellent source of fucoidan is the limu moui sea plant
growing in the waters of the Tongan islands. This brown seaweed
contains many vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial substances
and is particularly rich in fucoidan.
[0054] Typically, the brown seaweed grows in long angel hair stems
with numerous leaves. The fucoidan ingredient is found in natural
compositions on the cell walls of the seaweed, providing a slippery
sticky texture that protects the cell walls from the sunlight.
[0055] In one embodiment, a kombu-type or mozuku-type seaweed is
harvested from the coastal waters of the Tongan islands. These
seaweeds are typically manually harvested , including stems and
leaves, by divers and cleaned to remove extraneous materials. The
seaweed is then usually frozen in large containers and shipped to a
processing plant.
[0056] In processing, the heavy outer fibers must first be broken
down to provide access to the fucoidan component. If frozen, the
seaweed material is first thawed, but if not frozen, then the
seaweed material is placed in a mixing vat and shredded, while
being hydrolyzed with acids and water. The material can optionally
be sulfonated with sulfuric acid to help in breaking down the heavy
cell fibers. The mixture is also buffered with citric acid and
thoroughly blended to maintain suspension. The material may also be
heated at atmospheric or greater than atmospheric pressure while
mixing. The resulting puree is tested and maintained at a pH of
about 2 to 4 so as to remain acidic, enhancing preservative and
stability characteristics.
[0057] The puree may be used in preparing dietary supplement
products. Alternately, the mixture may be refrozen in small
containers for later processing.
[0058] The present invention provides a dietary supplement beverage
formulated with fucoidan compositions from seaweed, such as the
limu moui seaweed plant. The fucoidan compositions are present in
selected embodiments from about 0.5 to about 70 percent by weight
of the total weight of the composition. Other ingredients may
include an antioxidant, such a acai fruit and blueberry having a
high oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Such antioxidants
may be present in amounts from about 0 to about 20 percent by
weight. Additionally, minerals such as deep sea minerals may be
present in an amount from about 0 to about 2 percent by weight, to
provide important minerals.
High ORAC Nutraceutical Ingredients
[0059] Free radicals are very reactive and highly destructive
compounds in the body. Free radicals are products of oxidative
deterioration of such substances as polyunsaturated fat.
Antioxidants convert free radical into a less reactive and
nonharmful chemical form. Antioxidants that can be used in dietary
supplements include .beta.-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, N-acetyl
cysteine, .alpha.-lipoic acid, selenium, and the like. Antioxidants
having a high ORAC value are particularly desirable.
Illustratively, nutraceutical antioxidants of high ORAC value that
can be used in the present invention include concentrates of grape
(red, black, or white), blueberry, acai fruit, raspberry,
blackberry, strawberry, plum, orange, cherry, kiwi fruit, currant,
elderberry, black currant, cranberry, mangosteen, noni, aronia,
wolfberry, and mixtures thereof. Other high ORAC nutraceutical
ingredients include proanthocyanidins, such as oligomeric
proanthocyanidins, curcuminoids, and the like.
Minerals
[0060] Minerals serve a wide variety of essential physiological
functions ranging from structural components of body tissues to
essential components of many enzymes and other biological important
molecules. Minerals are classified as micronutrients or trace
elements on the basis of the amount present in the body. The seven
micronutrients (calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus,
sulfur, and chloride) are present in the body in quantities of more
than five grams. Trace elements, which include boron, copper, iron,
manganese, selenium, and zinc are found in the body in quantities
of less than five grams.
[0061] Micronutrient Minerals. Calcium is the mineral element
believed to be most deficient in the diet in the United States.
Calcium intakes in excess of 300 mg per day are difficult to
achieve in the absence of milk and dairy products in the diet. This
is far below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for calcium
(1000 mg per day for adults and children ages one to ten, 1200 mg
per day for adolescents and pregnant and lactating women, which
equates to about four glasses of milk per day). In fact, it has
been reported that the mean daily calcium intake for females over
age 12 does not exceed 85 percent of the RDA. In addition, during
the years of peak bone mass development (18 to 30), more than 66
percent of all U.S. women fail to consume the recommended amounts
of calcium on any given day. After age 35, this percentage
increases to over 75 percent.
[0062] Although the general public is not fully aware of the
consequences of inadequate mineral intake over prolonged periods of
time, there is considerable scientific evidence that low calcium
intake is one of several contributing factors leading to
osteoporosis. In addition, the dietary ratio of calcium to
phosphorous (Ca:P) relates directly to bone health. A Ca to P ratio
of 1:1 to 2:1 is recommended to enhance bone marrowization in
humans. Such ratios are difficult to achieve absent an adequate
dietary supply of milk and dairy products, or an adequate supply of
calcium and other minerals for the lactose-intolerant segment of
the population.
[0063] Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the
intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many
enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to
neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Deficits are
accompanied by a variety of structural and functional disturbances.
The average 70-kg adult has about 2000 mEq of magnesium in his
body. About 50% of this magnesium is found in bone, 45% exists as
an intracellular cation, and 5% is in the extracellular fluid.
About 30% of the magnesium in the skeleton represents an
exchangeable pool present either within the hydration shell or on
the crystal surface. Mobilization of the cation from this pool in
bone is fairly rapid in children, but not in adults. The larger
fraction of magnesium in bone is apparently an integral part of
bone crystal.
[0064] The average adult in the United States ingests about 20 to
40 mEq of magnesium per day in an ordinary diet, and of this about
one third is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The evidence
suggests that the bulk of the absorption occurs in the upper small
bowel. Absorption is by means of an active process apparently
closely related to the transport system for calcium. Ingestion of
low amounts of magnesium results in increased absorption of calcium
and vice versa.
[0065] Magnesium is a cofactor of all enzymes involved in phosphate
transfer reactions that utilize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and
other nucleotide triphosphates as substrates. Various phosphatases
and pyrophosphatases also represent enzymes from an enormous list
that are influenced by this metallic ion.
[0066] Magnesium plays a vital role in the reversible association
of intracellular particles and in the binding of macromolecules to
subcellular organelles. For example, the binding of messenger RNA
(mRNA) to ribosomes is magnesium dependent, as is the functional
integrity of ribosomal subunits. Certain of the effects of
magnesium on the nervous system are similar to those of calcium. An
increased concentration of magnesium in the extracellular fluid
causes depression of the central nervous system (CNS).
Hypomagnesemia causes increased CNS irritability, disorientation,
and convulsions. Magnesium also has a direct depressant effect on
skeletal muscle. Abnormally low concentrations of magnesium in the
extracellular fluid result in increased acetylcholine release and
increased muscle excitability that can produce tetany.
[0067] Trace Elements. Boron is required by the body in trace
amounts for proper metabolism of calcium, magnesium, and
phosphorus. Boron helps brain function, healthy bones, and can
increase alertness. Boron is also useful for people who want to
build muscle. Boron is known to help prevent postmenopausal
osteoporosis. Further, a relationship has been shown between a lack
of boron in the diet and the chances of developing arthritis. R. E.
Newnham, 46 Journal of Applied Nutrition (1994).
[0068] Chromium is an important trace element wherein the lack of
sufficient chromium in the diet leads to impairment of glucose
utilization, however, disturbances in protein and lipid metabolism
have also been observed. Impaired glucose utilization occurs in
many middle-aged and elderly human beings. In experimental studies,
significant numbers of such persons have shown improvement in their
glucose utilization after treatment with chromium. Chromium is
transported by transferrin in the plasma and competes with iron for
binding sites. Chromium as a dietary supplement may produce
benefits due to its enhancement of glucose utilization and its
possible facilitating the binding of insulin to insulin receptors,
which increases its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Chromium as a supplement may produce benefits in atherosclerosis,
diabetes, rheumatism, and weight control.
[0069] Copper is another important trace element in the diet. The
most common defect observed in copper-deficient animals is anemia.
Other abnormalities include growth depression, skeletal defects,
demyelination and degeneration of the nervous system, ataxia,
defects in pigmentation and structure of hair or wool, reproductive
failure and cardiovascular lesions, including dissecting aneurisms.
Several copper-containing metalloproteins have been isolated,
including tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, laccase, cytochrome
oxidase, uricase, monoamine oxidase, .delta.-aminolevulinic acid
hydrydase, and dopamine-.beta.-hydroxylase. Copper functions in the
absorption and utilization of iron, electron transport, connective
tissue metabolism, phospholipid formation, purine metabolism, and
development of the nervous system. Ferroxidase I (ceruloplasmin), a
copper-containing enzyme, effects the oxidation of Fe(II) to
Fe(III), a required step for mobilization of stored iron. A
copper-containing enzyme is thought to be responsible for the
oxidative deamination of the epsilon amino group of lysine to
produce desmosine and isodesmosine, the cross-links of elastin. In
copper-deficient animals the arterial elastin is weaker and
dissecting aneurisms may occur.
[0070] Iodine is important for the production of thyroid hormones,
which regulate cellular oxidation. The iodine-deficiency disease is
goiter. In iodine-deficient young, growth is depressed and sexual
development is delayed, the skin and hair are typically rough, and
the hair becomes thin. Cretinism, feeble-mindedness, and
deaf-mutism occur in a severe deficiency. There is reproductive
failure in females and decreased fertility in males that lack
sufficient iodine in the diet.
[0071] Iron is an essential component of several important
metalloproteins. These include hemoglobin, myoglobin, and many
oxidation-reduction enzymes. In iron deficiency, there may be
reduced concentrations of some of the iron-containing enzymes, such
as cytochrome c in liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, and succinic
dehydrogenase in the kidney and heart.
[0072] Manganese plays a role in the synthesis of GAGs, collagen,
and glycoproteins, which are important constituents of cartilage
and bone. Manganese is required for enzyme activity of
glycosyltransferases. This family of enzymes is responsible for
linking sugars together into GAGs, adding sugars to other
glycoproteins, adding sulfate to aminosugars, converting sugars to
other modified sugars, and adding sugars to lipids. These functions
are manifested as GAG synthesis (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin
sulfate, karatan sulfate, heparin sulfate, and dermatin sulfate,
among others), collagen synthesis, and function of many other
glycoproteins and glycolipids. GAGs and collagen are chief
structural elements for all connective tissues. Their synthesis is
essential for proper maintenance and repair of connective
tissues.
[0073] Manganese deficiencies in humans and animals lead to
abnormal bone growth, swollen and enlarged joints, and slipped
tendons. In humans, manganese deficiencies are associated with bone
loss, arthritis, and impaired glucose utilization. Levels of all
GAGs are decreased in connective tissues during manganese
deficiencies, with chondroitin sulfates being most depleted.
Manganese-deficient organisms quickly normalize GAG and collagen
synthesis when manganese is provided.
[0074] Manganese is also required for activity of manganese
superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which is present only in
mitochondria. Manganese deficiency decreases the activity of MnSOD
and may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, manifested as decreased
cellular functions. Manganese is required for the conversion of
mevalonic acid to squalene. Pyruvate carboxylase is a manganese
metalloenzyme, repressible by insulin, important in the citric acid
cycle for the oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, as
well as in the synthesis of glucose and lipids.
[0075] Molybdenum is an essential mineral found in highest
concentrations in the liver, kidneys, skin, and bones. This mineral
is required by the body to properly metabolize nitrogen. It is also
a vital component of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is required
to convert purines to uric acid, a normal byproduct of metabolism.
Molybdenum also supports the body's storage of iron and other
cellular functions such as growth. A deficiency of molybdenum is
associated with mouth and gum disorders and cancer. A diet high in
refined and processed foods can lead to a deficiency of molybdenum,
resulting in anemia, loss of appetite and weight, and stunted
growth in animals. While these deficiencies have not been observed
directly in humans, it is known that a molybdenum deficiency can
lead to impotence in older males.
[0076] Selenium is an essential trace element that functions as a
component of enzymes involved in protection against antioxidants
and thyroid hormone metabolism. In several intra- and
extra-cellular glutathione peroxidases and iodothyronine
5'-deiodinases, selenium is located at the active centers as the
selenoamino acid, selenocysteine (SeCYS). At least two other
proteins of unknown function also contain SeCYS. Although SeCYS is
an important dietary form, it is not directly incorporated into
these specific selenium-proteins; instead, a co-translational
process yields tRNA-bound SeCYS. In contrast, selenium as
seleno-methionine is incorporated non-specifically into many
proteins, as it competes with methionine in general protein
synthesis. Therefore, tissues often contain both specific, as well
as the nonspecific, selenium-containing proteins when both SeCYS
and selenomethionine are consumed, as found in many foods. Selenium
is a major antioxidant nutrient and is involved in protecting cell
membranes and preventing free radical generation, thereby
decreasing the risk of cancer and disease of the heart and blood
vessels. Medical surveys show that increased selenium intake
decreases the risk of breast, colon, lung and prostate cancer.
Selenium also preserves tissue elasticity; slows down the aging and
hardening of tissues through oxidation; and helps in the treatment
and prevention of dandruff. Recent research has shown
antitumorigenic effects of high levels of selenium in the diets of
several animal models.
[0077] Vanadium is an essential nutrient beneficial for thyroid
hormone metabolism. The daily requirement necessary to prevent a
deficiency is about 10 to 20 micrograms a day. Vanadium deficiency
can lead to slow growth, defective bones, and altered lipid
metabolism. Vanadium exerts an insulin-like effect in some
respects, and there has been a considerable amount of research on
vanadium and diabetes. In insulin dependent diabetics, vanadium has
been found to reduce the amount of insulin required to manage the
disease, and in non-insulin dependent diabetics, vanadium has been
known to control the condition altogether. Research has shown that
supplementation with vanadium leads to an increase in glucose
transport into cells, which suggests that vanadium supplementation
of the diet improves glucose metabolism and may aid in preventing
diabetes.
[0078] Zinc is known to occur in many important metalloenzymes.
These include carbonic anhydrase, carboxypeptidases A and B,
alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase,
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase,
malic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and aldolase. Impaired
synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins has been observed in zinc
deficiency. There is also evidence that zinc may be involved in the
secretion of insulin and in the function of the hormone.
[0079] According to the present invention, minerals can be provided
as inorganic compounds, such as chlorides, sulfates, and the like.
In addition, some minerals can be provided in more bioavailable
forms, such as amino acid chelates, which are well known in the
art. U.S. Pat. No. 5,292,538. Examples of minerals that can be
provided as amino acid chelates include calcium, magnesium,
manganese, zinc, iron, boron, copper, molybdenum, and chromium.
Still further, minerals can be provided as deep sea minerals.
[0080] Additional elements of the presently disclosed compositions
may include fruit flavorings and colorings, such as grape and
raspberry in small amounts. Sweeteners, such as momordica fruit may
also be included. Components to enhance absorption into the body,
such as black or Sichuan pepper extracts may be added.
Preservatives, such as sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate may
also be included. Substantially pure water, such as deionized
water, is also an important ingredient of the liquid mixture.
[0081] In one embodiment, the dietary supplement may be provided as
a nutritional drink or beverage. The supplement may also be dried
into a powder and provided as a freeze dried or spray dried powder,
capsule, or tablet. An illustrative beverage supplement is now
described in greater detail.
[0082] Starting with the fucoidan-containing puree described above,
juices or concentrates to provide a high oxygen radical absorbance
capacity (ORAC), such as acai fruit, grape, and blueberry are
added. Also, fruit flavoring and colorings, such as grape and
raspberry; minerals, such as deep sea minerals; sweeteners, such as
momordica fruit; pepper for flavor enhancement and to enhance
absorption into the body, such as black pepper; preservative, such
as sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate; and deionized water are
added to the mixture. Next, the mixture is sterilized by
pasteurization or other heating techniques. Although pasteurization
(at least 87.8.degree. C. or 190.degree. F.) effectively eliminates
pathogenic microorganisms, sterilization at higher temperatures
maybe needed to eliminate all microorganisms.
[0083] In achieving the necessary sterilization, two different
sterilization processes are typically used. Using the HTST (high
temperature short time) process, the mixture may be raised to about
85.degree. C. (185.degree. F.) for about 20-30 seconds.
Alternately, the ultra-high temperature (UHT) process involves
raising the temperature of the mixture to about 140.6.degree. C.
(285.degree. F.) for about 4-6 seconds. In either process,
immediately after the heating step, the temperature is rapidly
lowered to at least ambient temperatures of about 21.1-26.7.degree.
C. (70-80.degree. F.). Alternately, the mixture may be chilled down
to about 4.4.degree. C. (40.degree. F.).
[0084] Heating of the mixture may be accomplished by direct or
indirect heating. For example, the mixture may be heated by direct
contact with steam or indirectly by a selected type of heat
exchanger.
[0085] The sterilized blend may then be poured into containers,
using a hot-fill or cold-fill method. In the hot-fill process, the
product is first heated to temperatures for pasteurization, HTST,
or UHT. Then it is poured into containers at elevated temperatures
to kill any microorganisms inside the container. The use of
preservatives, such as sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are
normally used. The pH is usually maintained below 4.4, possibly
using acids such as lemon juice or vinegar. After filling, the
bottles may be cooled slowly by a water mist. Filling of containers
is done by aseptic processing and packaging methods, which are well
known in the art.
[0086] In the cold-fill process, after pasteurization or
sterilization temperatures are reached, the product is immediately
cooled to about room temperature prior to bottling, using aseptic
processing and packaging techniques. Immediate cooling allows less
vitamin degradation and variations in flavor that may be found in
the hot-fill process. Thus, in cold-fill processing the flavor may
be cleaner and fresher. Preservatives are usually included to
control the growth of yeast, molds, and bacteria.
[0087] The cold-fill process is compatible with use of high-density
polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottling,
so as to not compromise the integrity of the bottle structure. The
bottles may be 500 ml bottles, capable of containing about 660
grams per bottle. The size would provide sufficient beverage for 30
days, if a recommended dosage is about 22 grams per day.
[0088] Solid dosage forms according to the present invention can be
made in the form of powders, tablets, and capsules according to
methods well known in the art. For example, powders can be made by
drying the fucoidan preparation, and then mixing the dried fucoidan
with other dried ingredients. Alternatively, the fucoidan
preparation can be mixed with other ingredients, and then the
mixture is dried into a powder. Illustrative methods of drying
include spray drying and freeze drying. The powder can then be
ingested by suspending or dissolving it in a liquid and drinking
the resulting suspension or solution. Illustrative liquids that can
be used for this purpose include water, juice, and the like. The
powder can also be compressed into tablets or loaded into capsules.
Tablets or capsules are typically swallowed with water or other
liquid. Liquid dietary supplements can also be encapsulated and
taken in such a solid dosage form.
Examples
[0089] The following are examples of the preparation of seaweed to
provide a fucoidan puree for use in dietary supplements, and
dietary supplement formulations prepared from the fucoidan puree.
These examples are merely illustrative and are not meant to be
limiting in any way.
[0090] The present invention may be embodied in other specific
forms without departing from its spirit or essential
characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in
all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of
the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims,
rather than by the description or examples. All changes that come
within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be
embraced within their scope.
Example 1
Preparation of Fucoidan Puree Composition
[0091] Tongan limu moui seaweed was manually harvested, cleaned to
remove extraneous material, frozen, and shipped to a processing
plant. At the plant, the frozen seaweed was thawed, weighed, and
placed in a stainless steel mixer with aqueous buffer and
optionally sulfuric acid according to any of the sets of conditions
set out in Table 1. The ingredients were then mixed at 50-75 rpm
with a medium shear mixer (propeller type). While mixing, the
mixture was heated to 37.degree. C. to 95.degree. C. for a selected
period of time (usually 5 min to 8 hr). At that point, heating was
discontinued, but mixing was continued for 0.5-10 hours to
dissipate heat and micronize the seaweed strands. The cooled
mixture was then filtered to remove insoluble material, and the
filtrate was covered and mixed at room temperature for about 4-72
hours. The pH of the resulting puree was determined to be about pH
2.0 to 4.0, and refractometry typically showed a Brix value of 2-4.
The puree comprising partially hydrolyzed fucoidan was then frozen
and stored. If sulfuric acid was added during hydrolysis, the
partially hydrolyzed fucoidan was sulfonated.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE1 Trials I II III IV V VI VII pH 2.0-2.4
2.2-2.5 2.4-2-7 2.6-3.0 2.9-3.2 3.2-3.6 3.6-4.0 sulfuric acid --
0.01 N -- 0.001 N 0.004 N -- 0.001 seaweed 20 wt % 10 wt % 25 wt %
40 wt % 33 wt % 15 wt % 42 wt % temp 37.degree. C. 42.degree. C.
50.degree. C. 60.degree. C. 75.degree. C. 80.degree. C. 95.degree.
C. heating time 5 hr 4 hr 4 hr 3 hr 35 min 20 min 15 min filtrate
24 hr, 16 hr, 72 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, 36 hr, 8 hr, mixing 37.degree.
C. 37.degree. C. 22.degree. C. 22.degree. C. 22.degree. C.
22.degree. C. 22.degree. C.
Example 2
Preparation of Fucoidan Beverage
[0092] Fucoidan puree prepared according to the procedure of
Example 1 was thawed and then mixed with other ingredients
according to the present invention as set out in Tables 2 and 3,
where amounts are in parts by weight. These ingredients were
blended thoroughly and then sterilized and bottled in by aseptic
processing and packaging methods according to any of the conditions
set out in Table 4.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Formulation Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 fucoidan 20
25 30 35 40 45 water 80 75 64 64.2 54.63 45.62 grape 6 blueberry 4
acai 0.5 raspberry 2.5 blackberry 1.5 strawberry 0.5 plum orange
cherry 4 kiwi currant 1 elderberry black currant cranberry deep sea
0.5 0.2 minerals momordica 0.2 0.25 0.1 sodium 0.08 0.05 benzoate
potassium 0.1 sorbate black 0.05 0.01 0.02 pepper Sichuan 0.02 0.03
pepper
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Formulation Number 7 8 9 10 11 12 fucoidan
0.5 8 13 17 19 22 water 86.17 85.06 83.63 76.65 72.72 69.67 grape 2
5.7 5.5 blueberry 4.2 1.5 acai 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.5 raspberry 0.3 .3
blackberry 0.1 strawberry 1.0 0.8 plum 3.5 orange 10 cherry kiwi 3
0.4 currant elderberry 0.3 black 0.5 currant cranberry 2.4 deep sea
0.33 0.4 0.23 0.29 0.31 minerals momordica 0.12 0.5 0.17 0.16
sodium 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.16 0.06 benzoate potassium 0.08 0.2 0.04
0.11 sorbate black 0.005 0.01 0.14 0.01 pepper Sichuan 0.005 0.02
0.015 pepper
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Condition No. Sterilization Bottling I
62.8.degree. C., 30 min hot fill II 71.7.degree. C., 15 sec hot
fill III 93.3.degree. C., 10 sec hot fill IV 96.0.degree. C., 10
sec hot fill V 62.8.degree. C., 30 min cold fill VI 140.6.degree.
C., 6 sec cold fill
Example 3
[0093] About 70 parts by weight of fucoidan puree prepared
according to the procedure of Example 1 is mixed with about 99
parts by weight of distilled water, about 20 parts by weight of
Concord grape extract, about 2 parts by weight of deep sea
minerals, about 1 part by weight of momordica, and about 1 part by
weight of black pepper extract. The resulting mixture is spray
dried into a powder and packaged for storage and distribution.
Example 4
[0094] The procedure of Example 3 is followed except that the
powder is encapsulated in gelatin capsules.
Example 5
[0095] The procedure of Example 3 is followed except that the
powder is mixed with selected amounts of diluents, binders,
lubricants, disintegrators, colors, flavors, and sweetening agents
and then compressed into tablets.
* * * * *