U.S. patent application number 12/878793 was filed with the patent office on 2010-12-30 for foamable alcohol compositions, systems and methods of use.
This patent application is currently assigned to 3M Innovative Properties Company. Invention is credited to Robert A. Asmus.
Application Number | 20100327013 12/878793 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37075262 |
Filed Date | 2010-12-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100327013 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Asmus; Robert A. |
December 30, 2010 |
FOAMABLE ALCOHOL COMPOSITIONS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USE
Abstract
A composition, systems for dispensing the composition and
methods for the use of the composition are described. The
composition comprises: (A) Monohydric alcohol in an amount
sufficient to provide antimicrobial activity; (B) Surfactant
comprising a dimethicone surfactant; and (C) Builder, the builder
in an amount sufficient to provide stability or to improve the
stability of a foam formed from the composition.
Inventors: |
Asmus; Robert A.; (Hudson,
WI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY
PO BOX 33427
ST. PAUL
MN
55133-3427
US
|
Assignee: |
3M Innovative Properties
Company
|
Family ID: |
37075262 |
Appl. No.: |
12/878793 |
Filed: |
September 9, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12552126 |
Sep 1, 2009 |
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12878793 |
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11151563 |
Jun 13, 2005 |
7651990 |
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12552126 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
222/1 ; 222/372;
514/772.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 3/201 20130101;
C11D 3/2006 20130101; C11D 3/3707 20130101; A61P 31/02 20180101;
A61K 8/86 20130101; A61K 8/894 20130101; A61Q 17/005 20130101; C11D
3/225 20130101; C11D 3/48 20130101; C11D 3/0094 20130101; A61K 8/34
20130101; C11D 1/82 20130101; A61K 8/731 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
222/1 ;
514/772.3; 222/372 |
International
Class: |
B65D 83/16 20060101
B65D083/16; A61K 47/34 20060101 A61K047/34; B67D 99/00 20100101
B67D099/00 |
Claims
1. A non-aerosol foamable composition, comprising: (A) at least 60%
by weight of a monohydric alcohol, based on the weight of the
composition; (B) 0.1% to 10% by weight of a dimethicone surfactant,
based on the weight of the composition; and (C) 0.001% to 5% by
weight of a foam builder, based on the weight of the composition;
wherein the foamable composition in a pre-foamed state has a
viscosity of no greater than about 50 cps at 23.degree. C.; and
wherein the foamable composition forms a stable foam without a
propellant when shaken or dispensed from a dispenser.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the foam builder is a
polymeric foam builder.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the monohydric alcohol is
selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol,
and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the monohydric alcohol is
present in the composition at a concentration from 60% to 80% by
weight.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the foam builder is present
in the composition at a concentration from 0.01% to 0.5% by
weight.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dimethicone surfactant is
present in the composition at a concentration from 0.5% to 3% by
weight.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dimethicone surfactant is
selected from hydroxy-terminated dimethicone copolyol,
methoxy-terminated dimethicone copolyol, butoxy-terminated
dimethicone copolyol, or combination of two or more of the
foregoing.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the dimethicone surfactant
comprises a molar ratio of poly(ethylene oxide) to poly(propylene
oxide) ranges from about 0/50 to about 50/0.
9. The composition of claim 7 wherein the molecular weight of the
dimethicone portion of the dimethicone surfactant ranges from about
200 to about 20,000.
10. The composition of claim 1 further comprising an emollient,
wherein the emollient is present in the composition at a
concentration of 30% by weight or less.
11. The composition of claim 1 further comprising an antimicrobial
agent, wherein the antimicrobial agent is present in the
composition at a concentration up to 10% by weight.
12. The composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more skin
barrier materials in an amount from 0.1% to 60% by weight.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dimethicone surfactant
is selected from the group consisting of PEG/PPG-4/12 dimethicone,
PEG/PPG-35/65 dimethicone, PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone,
hydroxy-terminated PEG-12 dimethicone, hydroxyl-capped dimethicone
copolyol, Silicone Quaternary 1, Silicone Quaternary 2, dimethicone
copolyol laurate, silicone copolyol pelargonate, dimethicone
copolyol lactate, sodium dimethicone copolyol acetyl methyltaurate,
PEG/PPG-17/18 dimethicone, silicone copolyol isostearate,
methoxy-terminated PEG dimethicone, methoxy-terminated EO/PO
dimethicone, hydroxypropyl methyl EO/PO dimethicone copolyol,
butoxy-terminated PPO dimethicone, hydroxy-terminated PEG
dimethicone, Polysilicone-8, and combinations thereof.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein the foam builder is selected
from the group consisting of ethylcellulose, PEG-150
pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, PEG-6 capric/caprylic glycerides,
hydroxypropyl guar, butylated polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cetyl
hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide),
poly(ethylene oxide, propylene oxide) monoallyl ether acetate,
polyether polyol acetate, polyethylene oxide monoallyl ether,
polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether acetate, and combinations
thereof.
15. A non-aerosol foamable composition comprising: (A) at least 60%
by weight of a monohydric alcohol selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 alcohols and combinations of two
or more of the foregoing, based on the total weight of the
composition; (B) 0.1% to 10% by weight of a dimethicone surfactant,
based on the weight of the composition, wherein the dimethicone
surfactant is selected from the group consisting of PEG/PPG-4/12
dimethicone, PEG/PPG-35/65 dimethicone, PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone,
hydroxy-terminated PEG-12 dimethicone, hydroxyl-capped dimethicone
copolyol, Silicone Quaternary 1, Silicone Quaternary 2, dimethicone
copolyol laurate, silicone copolyol pelargonate, dimethicone
copolyol lactate, sodium dimethicone copolyol acetyl methyltaurate,
PEG/PPG-17/18 dimethicone, silicone copolyol isostearate,
methoxy-terminated PEG dimethicone, methoxy-terminated EO/PO
dimethicone, hydroxypropyl methyl EO/PO dimethicone copolyol,
butoxy-terminated PPO dimethicone, hydroxy-terminated PEG
dimethicone, Polysilicone-8, and combinations thereof; and (C)
0.001% to 5% by weight of a foam builder, based on the weight of
the composition, wherein the foam builder is selected from the
group consisting of ethylcellulose, PEG-150 pentaerythrityl
tetrastearate, PEG-6 capric/caprylic glycerides, hydroxypropyl
guar, butylated polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose,
polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block
copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene oxide, propylene
oxide) monoallyl ether acetate, polyether polyol acetate,
polyethylene oxide monoallyl ether, polyethylene glycol monoallyl
ether acetate, and combinations thereof; wherein the foamable
composition in a pre-foamed state has a viscosity of no greater
than about 50 cps at 23.degree. C.; and wherein the foamable
composition forms a stable foam without a propellant when shaken or
dispensed from a dispenser.
16. A system comprising: a dispenser comprising a reservoir and a
hand pump; and the foamable composition of claim 1 contained within
the reservoir.
17. A method of maintaining or improving skin condition, the method
comprising applying a volume of stable foam to the skin of a
subject, wherein the foam is formed from a non-aerosol foamable
composition when shaken or dispensed from a dispenser, wherein the
non-aerosol foamable composition comprises: (A) at least 60% by
weight of a monohydric alcohol, based on the weight of the
composition; (B) 0.1% to 10% by weight of a dimethicone surfactant,
based on the weight of the composition; and (C) 0.001% to 5% by
weight of a foam builder, based on the weight of the
composition.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein upon shaking or dispensing the
foamable composition from a dispenser, a foam is formed with a
percentage foam volume increase of at least 100%.
19. The method of claim 17 without subsequently rinsing the skin
with water.
20. A method of dispensing a stable foam, the method comprising
dispensing discrete volumes of a stable foam formed from a
non-aerosol foamable composition, the composition comprising: (A)
at least 60% by weight of a monohydric alcohol, based on the weight
of the composition; (B) 0.1% to 10% by weight of a dimethicone
surfactant, based on the weight of the composition; and (C) 0.001%
to 5% by weight of a foam builder, based on the weight of the
composition.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 12/552,126, filed Sep. 1, 2009, which is a continuation of U.S.
application Ser. No. 11/151,563, filed Jun. 13, 2005, now U.S. Pat.
No. 7,651,990, which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0002] The present invention relates to foamable alcohol
compositions, systems for dispensing the compositions and methods
for the use of the compositions.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Foamable soap products contain a significant quantity of
air. While these compositions can be economically manufactured as
compared with non-foamable compositions, the formulation of
foamable compositions comprising a high alcohol content has
generally required the compositions to be provided as aerosol
products which include a propellant (e.g., hydrocarbon,
fluorocarbon, compressed gas) to facilitate foaming when the
composition is dispensed from an aerosol container. These aerosol
compositions can also include polymeric gelling agents, moderately
high molecular weight (e.g., C.sub.16 to C.sub.22) alcohols and
nonionic surfactants, for example. Aerosol products are costly to
manufacture because of the need for a pressurized container and the
inclusion of a foaming propellant.
[0004] In the formulation of non-aerosol soap products having a
high alcohol content, surfactants have been included in such
compositions to facilitate some level of foaming when the
compositions are dispensed through a mechanical pump or the like.
Surfactants can facilitate at least some degree of initial foaming,
but such non-aerosol foams are often unstable and tend to collapse
as soon as they are dispensed. While some fluorochemical
surfactants have been known to facilitate more stable foams in
non-aerosol compositions, fluorochemical surfactants may raise
environmental concerns.
[0005] There is a need to provide foamable alcohol-containing
compositions that are formulated to be anti-microbial and which can
be applied to the skin (e.g., the hands). There is a need for
alcohol-containing compositions that will form a stable foam in the
absence of an aerosol propellant and which will deliver alcohol to
the skin for rapid skin disinfection. Within the foregoing need, it
is desirable to provide foamable, low viscosity, alcohol-containing
compositions that are safe and efficacious while providing
properties that may be desired by the consumer.
SUMMARY
[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a composition,
comprising:
[0007] (A) Monohydric alcohol in an amount sufficient to provide
antimicrobial activity;
[0008] (B) Surfactant comprising a dimethicone surfactant; and
[0009] (C) Builder, the builder in an amount sufficient to provide
stability or to improve the stability of a foam formed from the
composition.
[0010] In another aspect, the invention provides a system
comprising a container and the composition as described above, the
composition contained within the container under pressure and a
propellant present within the composition.
[0011] In still another aspect, the invention provides a system
comprising a dispenser comprising a reservoir and a hand pump; and
the composition as described above contained within the
reservoir.
[0012] In still another aspect, the invention provides a skin
sanitizer comprising the composition as described above.
[0013] In still another aspect, the invention provides a
pre-surgical hand scrub comprising the composition as described
above.
[0014] In still another aspect, the invention provides a method for
sanitizing a surface, comprising applying a volume of the
composition as described above to the surface, the composition
being in the form of a stable foam.
[0015] It will be appreciated that the terms used herein will be
understood as being defined according to the understanding of those
skilled in the art at the time of the present invention. However,
certain terms used herein shall be understood as having the meaning
that is expressly set forth herein:
[0016] "Builder" refers to a material that can be incorporated as a
component in the compositions of the invention to aid in the
creation of a stable foam when the composition is dispensed from an
aerosol or a non-aerosol dispenser. Compositions comprising a
builder can produce lower foam densities (greater volume) as
compared to the same volume of the composition in the absence of
the builder.
[0017] "Emollient" as used herein refers broadly to materials which
are capable of maintaining or improving the moisture level,
compliance, or appearance of the skin.
[0018] "Foam" refers to a frothy mass of bubbles formed on or from
a liquid (e.g., the compositions of the invention).
[0019] "HLB" means the "hydrophile-liphophile balance," or the
balance between the oil soluble and water soluble moieties in a
surface active molecule or surfactant.
[0020] "Polymer" as used herein refers to a natural or synthetic
molecule having repetitive units and a number average molecular
weight of at least 20,000.
[0021] As used herein, "poly(propylene oxide)" and "poly(ethylene
oxide)" are intended to be synonymous with "polypropylene glycol"
or "PPG" and "polyethylene glycol" or "PEG," respectively.
Poly(propylene oxide) and poly(ethylene oxide) are also abbreviated
herein as "PPO" and "PEO," respectively.
[0022] "Solvent", "solvent system" or "hydroalcoholic solvent" as
used herein refer to the alcohol and water combination in the
present invention.
[0023] "Stable," as used when referring to a foamed composition,
refers to foam that maintains a measurable height for a period of
time of at least about 5 seconds following creation of the foam
(e.g., by shaking the composition or by dispensing the composition
from an aerosol or non-aerosol dispenser at ambient temperature).
The stability of a particular foam may further be expressed in
terms of the height of the foam after a measured period of time
(e.g., 6 mm after 1 minute). Foam height measurements are further
discussed in the Examples.
[0024] Those skilled in the art will more fully understand the
various features and aspect of the invention upon consideration of
the remainder of the disclosure, including the Detailed
Description, the Examples and the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The invention provides a foamable composition comprised of
alcohol, surfactant and builder. The compositions of the invention
may be aqueous compositions. Optional ingredients such as
antimicrobials and/or emollients, for example, may be included to
provide or enhance the properties of the compositions. The
compositions of the invention provide the benefits of a foam for
the disinfection of skin by providing a composition with a sheer
thinning viscosity that is better than that for gelled compositions
and which can be more easily rubbed onto sensitive tissue.
Additionally, the compositions of the invention generally will dry
quicker than a gel following application to a surface such as the
hands, for example.
Alcohol
[0026] The compositions of the invention will include at least one
alcohol that provides the ability to rapidly kill a broad spectrum
of microbes. The compositions of the invention are suitable for use
on the skin or other surfaces and may be used as a disinfectant for
the hands, for example. In embodiments of the invention, the
alcohol or alcohols are monohydric alcohols. Typically, the
compositions of the invention comprise alcohols having lower
hydrocarbon chain lengths such as C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 alcohols. In
some embodiments, the compositions of the invention comprise a
single alcohol. In other embodiments, a blend of two or more
alcohols may be present. In some embodiments, the alcohol will
consist of ethanol. In still other embodiments, the alcohol will
consist of propanol (e.g., n-propanol and/or isopropanol). In still
other embodiments, the alcohol will consist of butanol (e.g.,
n-butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol). In some embodiments the
alcohol is dissolved in water to provide an alcohol-water
solvent.
[0027] Embodiments of the invention may comprise compositions
having an alcohol content between about 35% and about 99.5% by
weight. In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention will
have an alcohol content within the range from about 60% to about
80%. Compositions having an alcohol content within the foregoing
ranges typically provide an efficacious bacterial kill.
Surfactants
[0028] At least one surfactant is present in the compositions of
the invention. In some embodiments, surfactant may be present in
the compositions of the invention at concentration ranges from
about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the
composition. In some embodiments, the surfactant may be present in
a composition at a concentration ranging from about 0.5% to about
5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Those
skilled in the art will appreciate that certain surfactants may
impart a tacky or even a greasy feel to a composition when the
surfactant concentration is greater than 5% by weight. While such
surfactant concentrations are contemplated as within the scope of
the invention, the skilled artisan may wish to consider the
cosmetic effects of surfactant concentrations when formulating a
composition for use by the consumer. In some embodiments, the
compositions of the invention are formulated with non-fluorinated
surfactants and without the need for fluorochemical
propellants.
[0029] Specific surfactants useful in the invention include
dimethicone surfactants. Examples of dimethicone surfactants
include dimethicone copolyols--a polymer of dimethylsiloxane with
polyoxyethylene (PEO) and/or polyoxypropylene (PPO) side chains. In
some embodiments, these surfactants can be hydroxyl, methoxy or
butoxy terminated, and the molar ratio of PEO to PPO (PEO/PPO) can
range from 0/50 to 50/0 and the molecular weight of the dimethicone
portion can range from 200 to 20,000. The surfactants used in the
invention can comprise specific dimethicone surfactants. Specific
surfactants suitable for use in embodiments of the invention
include, without limitation, methoxy-terminated polyethylene glycol
dimethicone having an average molecular weight of about 3000;
dimethicone with a pendant ether of 35/65 (w/w) polyethylene
glycol/polypropylene glycol copolymer having a combined average
molecular weight of about 7,000; dimethicone copolyol with 18/18
(molar ratio) polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol; a
dimethicone copolyol with 17/18 (molar ratio) polyethylene
glycol/polypropylene glycol; a dimethicone copolyol with
polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol-methoxy terminated having
an average molecular weight of about 20,000 and a HLB of 9-12;
dimethicone copolyol with a methoxy-terminated polyethylene glycol
having a combined average molecular weight of about 3000;
dimethicone copolyol with a methoxy-terminated polyethylene glycol
having a combined average molecular weight of about 6000;
dimethicone copolyol with a hydroxy terminated polyethylene glycol
having a combined average molecular weight of about 5000 with an
HLB of 13-17; dimethicone copolyol lactate; silicone copolyol
pelargonate; hydroxyl-capped dimethicone copolyol;
hydroxyl-terminated polyethylene glycol-12 dimethicone; dimethicone
copolyol laurate; Silicone Quaternary 1; hydroxy-terminated
polyethylene glycol dimethicone having an average molecular weight
of about 4000; methoxy-terminated polyethylene glycol dimethicone
having an average molecular weight of about 600; Silicone
Quaternary 2 (Myristyl); sodium dimethicone copolyol acetyl
methyltaurate; butoxy-terminated polypropylene oxide) dimethicone
having an average molecular weight of about 3,000; and silicone
copolyol isostearate.
[0030] Additionally, the following surfactants may be useful in the
invention: dimethicone bisamino hydroxypropyl copolyol, dimethicone
copolyol acetate, dimethicone copolyol adipate, dimethocone
copolyol almondate, dimethicone copolyolamine, dimethicone copolyol
avocadoate, dimethicone copolyol beeswax, dimethicone copolyol
behenate, dimethicone copolyol benzoate, dimethicone copolyol
bishydroxy ethylamine, dimethicone copolyol borageate, dimethicone
copolyol butyl ether, dimethicone copolyol cocoa butterate,
dimethicone copolyol crosspolymer, dimethicone copolyol dhupa
butterate, dimethicone copolyol ethyl ether, dimethicone copolyol
hydroxy stearate, dimethicone copolyol isostearate, dimethicone
copolyol kokum butterate, dimethicone copolyol lactate, dimethicone
copolyol laurate, dimethicone copolyol mango butterate, dimethicone
copolyol meadowfoamate, dimethicone copolyol methyl ether,
dimethicone copolyol mohwa butterate, dimethicone copolyol
octyldodecyl citrate, dimethicone copolyol olivate, dimethicone
copolyol phosphate, dimethicone copolyol phthalate, dimethicone
copolyol sal butterate, dimethicone copolyol shea butterate,
dimethicone copolyol stearate, dimethicone copolyol undecylenate,
dimethicone hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride, dimethicone propyl
pg-betaine, polysilicone-10, polysilicone-8, dimethcone
propylethylenediamine behenate, amino bispropyl dimethicone
aminoethylaminopropyl dimethicone, behentrimonium dimethicone
copolyol phthalate, bis-aminopropyl copolyol aminopropyl
dimethicone, bis-hydroxyethoxypropyl dimethicone, cetyl
triethylmonium dimethicone copolyol succinate, dimethicone copolyol
sulfate, dimethicone copolyol phosphate, dimethicone polyglycerol,
disodium copolyol dimethicone sulfosuccinate, copolyol
polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, copolyol pg-coco-glucoside
dimethicone, copolyol nonafluorohexyl dimethicone copolymer,
copolyol methyl ether lauroxy peg amidopropyl dimethicone, copolyol
oleyl ether dimethicone, sodium carboxydecyl copolyol
dimethicone.
[0031] Combinations of two or more of the foregoing dimethicone
surfactants in a single composition are also contemplated within
the scope of the invention
Builder
[0032] At least one builder may be included in the compositions of
the invention in order to stabilize the foams produced from the
compositions when the compositions are shaken, or when they are
dispensed from either an aerosol or a non-aerosol dispenser. In
some embodiments, the inclusion of certain builders can provide
cosmetic attributes to the compositions of the invention. Suitable
builders can include one or more of the following: poly(ethylene
oxide), hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose. In some
embodiments, the builder will comprise only one of the foregoing.
In other embodiments, the builder will comprise a combination of
two or more of the foregoing builder. In some embodiments, the
builder will comprise a poly(ethylene oxide) having an average
molecular weight in the range from about 200,000 to about
4,000,000. One poly(ethylene oxide) suitable for use in the
compositions of the invention is that know under the designation
POLYOX.TM. and commercially available from Dow Chemical Canada
Inc., Sarnia, Ontario. Suitable POLYOX compositions include those
designated as "WSR N12K" having an average molecular weight of
1,000,000; "WSR-301" having an average molecular weight of
4,000,000; "WSR N60K" having an average molecular weight of
2,000,000; and "WSR N-80" having an average molecular weight of
200,000.
[0033] The builder, when included in the compositions of the
invention, may be present at a concentration between about 0.001%
and about 5% by weight. In some embodiments, the builder may be
present at concentrations less than or equal to about 0.1%. In some
embodiments, the builder is present in the composition at
concentrations of about 0.06%.
[0034] In general, the builder enhances the stability of the foam
produced when the composition of the invention is shaken or when
the composition is dispensed. Builders suitable for use in the
invention will include those that provide or enhance the stability
of the foam--i.e., those that provide a measurable foam height over
at least about 5 seconds following the creation of the foam. In
some embodiments, the builder is soluble in the alcohol that is
used in the compositions of the invention. In some embodiments, the
builder will be swellable within the alcohol. In still other
embodiments, the builder can be characterized as dispersible in the
alcohol.
[0035] In some embodiments, suitable foam builders include
compounds comprising high molecular weight polymers. In some
embodiments, these polymers are alcohol or hydroalcoholic soluble.
Specific polymers useful in the invention include, without
limitation: Poly(ethylene oxide) (molecular wt of 100,000 to
10,000,000), high molecular weight polyethylene-polypropylene
copolymers, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose. When
present, the polymer will be at a concentration of between about
0.001 and about 5%. In some embodiments, the polymer concentration
will be between about 0.01% and about 0.5%.
[0036] Polymers within the following classes can be useful as
builders in the compositions of the invention: hydroxypropyl guar,
polyquaternium-4, polyquaternium-10, cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose,
ethylhydroxy ethyl cellulose, polyglycerol, high molecular wt.
polyoxamer, high molecular wt. polyoxamine, polyacrylamide, high
molecular wt polyethylene glycol esters and ethers with alkyl
alcohols or acid functional alkyls, polyacrylamidomethylpropane
sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene/isopropyl
maleate/malaic acid copolyol, polymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium
chloride, polymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium methosulfate,
polymethacrylic acid, polyquaternium-1 to polyquaternium-47,
polyvinyl methyl ether, butylated poly vinyl pyrrolidone,
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; hydroxypropyl cellulose; crosslinked
and noncrosslinked homopolymer or crosslinked and noncrosslinked
copolymer containing n-vinyl lactam monomeric units.
Non-limiting examples of N-vinyl lactam monomers are
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-2-valerolactam;
N-vinyl-2-caprolactam; and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
Typically, the poly(N-vinyl lactam) is a homopolymer of
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Nonlimiting examples of comonomers useful
with the aforementioned N-vinyl lactam monomers include
N,N-dimethylacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid,
hydroxyethylmethacrylate, acrylamide,
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid or its salt, and
vinyl acetate.
[0037] While the foregoing builders can be added to the
compositions of the invention individually, combinations of two or
more such builders are also contemplated within the scope of the
invention as well as derivatives thereof.
Viscosity of Compositions
[0038] The compositions of the invention will typically be of very
low viscosities at 23.degree. C. In some embodiments, the
compositions of the invention can have different viscosities
depending on the state of the composition. For example, a
composition in a pre-dispensed condition, i.e., it is in a
"pre-foamed" state in a dispenser prior to being dispensed, can
have a viscosity within the range from about 0.5 to about 100 cps
at 23.degree. C. In some embodiments, the prefoam viscosities of
compositions of the invention will range from about 0.5 cps to
about 50 cps. In still other embodiments, the prefoam viscosities
of compositions of the invention will range from about 0.5 cps to
about 20 cps. When a composition of the invention is dispensed from
a non-aerosol pump-type dispenser, the composition will foam, and
the foam will typically be of a higher viscosity than the viscosity
of the liquid "non-foamed"composition prior to dispensing. It will
also be appreciated that the addition of an emollient and/or other
optional ingredients (discussed herein) can also have an affect on
viscosity (either positively or negatively).
Foam Density
[0039] The compositions of the invention will foam when shaken of
dispensed from a dispenser. It will be appreciated that the foam
densities of the compositions can vary depending on any of a
variety of factors. For example, the viscosity of the unfoamed
composition, discussed above, can have an effect on foam density.
Moreover, the design of the dispenser or the non-aerosol pump used
to deliver the foamed composition can have an effect on the foam
density of the composition to the extent that the dispenser and/or
the pump effect the foaming of the composition. Additionally, the
amount of force applied to the pump and the relative speed at which
the pump is operated when dispensing the composition can also have
an effect on the foaming of the composition and its resulting
viscosity.
Optional Ingredients
[0040] In addition to alcohol-water, surfactant and builder, the
compositions of the present invention may optionally include other
ingredients such as salts, emollients, stabilizers, antimicrobials,
fragrances, therapeutic agents, propellants and additional
emulsifiers. Each of these optional ingredients along with the
effect each has upon the properties of the final composition is
discussed below.
[0041] Emollients can optionally be added to the compositions of
the invention so that the compositions can be provided in a form
that is capable of increasing the moisture content of the stratum
corneum when the composition is applied to a user's hands, for
example. Emollients are generally separated into two broad classes
based on their function. The first class of emollients function by
forming an occlusive barrier to prevent water evaporation from the
stratum corneum. The second class of emollients penetrate into the
stratum corneum and physically bind water to prevent evaporation.
The first class of emollients is subdivided into compounds which
are waxes at room temperature and compounds which are liquid oils.
The second class of emollients includes those which are water
soluble and are often referred to as humectants.
[0042] As referred to herein, the alcohol-water, surfactant and
builder components used in the compositions of the invention are
separate and distinct from components identified as emollients and
optionally added to the composition. Emollients may be added to the
compositions in addition to the aforementioned silicone block
surfactants and builder compounds which may also aid in maintaining
or improving the skin condition of the user. In some embodiments,
added emollients may be included the compositions of the invention
at a concentration between about 0 and about 30% by weight. In some
embodiments, the added emollient can be present in the composition
at a concentration between about 0.5% and about 20%. In still other
embodiments, the emollient concentration can be between about 1%
and about 12% by weight. Suitable emollients may be selected from
any of the classes known in the art. A general list of useful
emollients appears, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,478,853 and in
EPO patent application 0 522 624A1 as well as in the CTFA Cosmetic
Ingredient Handbook published by The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and
Fragrance Association, Wash. D.C. (1992) under the listings "Skin
Conditioning agents," "emollients," "humectants," "miscellaneous"
and "occlusive."
[0043] In some embodiments, suitable emollients may be chosen from
the following nonlimiting list of general emollients, occlusive
emollients and humectants. Examples of general emollients include
short chain alkyl or aryl esters (C.sub.1-C.sub.6) of long chain
straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl alcohols or acids
(C.sub.8-C.sub.32) and their polyethoxylated derivatives; short
chain alkyl or aryl ester (C.sub.1-C.sub.6) of C.sub.4-C.sub.12
diacids or diols optionally substituted in available positions by
--OH; alkyl or aryl C.sub.1-C.sub.10 esters of glycerol,
pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, as well as
polyethoxylated derivatives of these and polyethylene glycol;
C.sub.12-C.sub.22 alkyl esters or ethers of polypropylene;
C.sub.12-C.sub.22 alkyl esters or ethers of
polypropylene/polyethylene glycol copolymer.
[0044] Examples of occlusive emollients include cyclic and linear
dimethicones; polydialkylsiloxanes; polyaryialkylsiloxanes; long
chain (C.sub.8-C.sub.36) alkyl and alkenyl esters of long straight
or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl alcohols or acids; long
chain
[0045] (C.sub.8-C.sub.36) alkyl and alkenyl amides of long straight
or branched chain (C.sub.8-C.sub.36) alkyl or alkenyl amines or
acids; hydrocarbons including straight and branched chain alkanes
and alkenes such as squalene, squalane and mineral oil; jojoba oil;
polysiloxane polyalkylene copolymers; short chain alkyl or aryl
esters (C.sub.1-C.sub.36) of C.sub.12-C.sub.22 diacids or diols
optionally substituted in available positions by OH such as
diisopropyl dimer dilinoleate; and C.sub.12-C.sub.22 alkyl and
alkenyl alcohols; long chain alkyl or aryl esters
(C.sub.8-C.sub.36) of C.sub.12-C.sub.22 diacides or diols
optionally substituted in available positions by --OH, such as
diisostearyl dimer dilinoleate; lanolin and lanolin derivatives;
and beeswax and its derivatives.
[0046] Non-limiting examples of preferred humectant type emollients
include glycerol, polyglycerols (including:diglycerol, triglycerol,
polyglycerin-3, tetraglycerol, hexaglycerol, decaglycerols)
propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol,
polyethylene glycol (PEG-2 to PEG-45M, preferably a molecular
weight between about 300 and 1,000), sorbitol, polyhydric alcohol
ethoxylates (e.g. sorbeth-6, sorbeth-30, glycereth-1 to
glycereth-31) methoxides of polyethylene glycol (Methoxy PEG-2 to
Methoxy PEG-100) methoxides of polyhydric alcohol ethoxylates (e.g.
glycereth-7 methoxide), pantothenol, gluconic acid salts and the
like. Other humectant-type agents like that could also be employed
include: 1,2,6-hexanetriol, acetamide mea, aluminum hydroxide,
arginine pea, butoxypropanol, butylene glycol, dimethyl
imidazolidinone, dimethylsilanol hyaluronate, dipotassium
glycyrrhizate, erythritol, ethoxy-diglycol, fructose, glucamine,
gluconic acid, glucose, glucose glutamate, glucuronic acid,
glutamic acid, glycogen, glycyrrhizic acid, heilmoor clay,
hexacosyl glycol, histidine, hyaluronic acid, hydrogenated honey,
hydrogenated starch, hydrolysate, hydrolyzed collagen, hydrolyzed
elastin, hydrolyzed glycosaminoglycans, hydrolyzed keratin,
hydrolyzed silk, hydrolyzed soy protein, hydrolyzed wheat protein,
hydroxyethyl sorbitol, inositol, inositol hexa-pea, lactamide mea,
lactic acid, lactitol, lactose, lysine pea, magnesium pea,
maltitol, manganese pea, mannitol, mel (honey extract), menthyl
pea, methyl gluceth-10, methyl gluceth-20, pea (pidolic acid),
lactamide, polydextrose, polyglucuronic acid, polyglyceryl
sorbitol, potassium pea, ppg-20 methyl glucose ether,
ppg-38-buteth-37, saccharide isomerate, serica, silk amino acids,
sodium carboxymethyl chitin, sodium lactate, sodium mannuronate
methylsilanol, sodium pea, sodium pea methylsilanol, sodium
polyglutamate, soluble collagen, sorbitol, sucrose, tea-lactate,
tea-pea, trehalose, trilactin, urea, xylitol, zea mays, zinc pea,
and combinations thereof.
[0047] The addition of one or more emollients may affect the
viscosity and stability of the compositions of the present
invention. In some embodiments, a single emollient may be added to
the composition. In some embodiments, two or more emollients may be
added to the composition. While any of a variety of emollients may
be added to the formulations of the present invention, some
embodiments will include wax and oil type emollients either alone
or combined with water soluble emollients. In some embodiments of
the invention, emollient systems can be comprised of humectants in
addition to occlusive wax and oil emollients in concentrations that
achieve a moisturizing effect and which maintains and improves the
condition of the skin upon repeated use. Emollients may be
non-comedogenic and chosen to avoid skin irritation or
sensitization reactions.
[0048] In addition to the antimicrobial effects attributable to the
presence of alcohol in the compositions of the present invention,
one or more other antimicrobial agents ("secondary antimicrobial
agents") may be added to enhance the antimicrobial properties of
the compositions when they are used as pre-surgical hand scrubs or
pre-surgical patient skin scrub replacements, for example. In other
words, the foamed composition of the present invention can deliver
a secondary antimicrobial agent to the skin. In some embodiments,
the secondary antimicrobial agent is added in levels up to 10% by
weight of the total composition. In some embodiments, it may be
desirable to incorporate a secondary antimicrobial agent in the
compositions of the invention to provide continued antimicrobial
resistance to the growth or regrowth of the microorganisms
following evaporation of the alcohol.
[0049] Non-limiting examples of suitable secondary antimicrobial
agents include parachlorometaxylenol; triclosan; chlorhexidine and
its salts such as chlorhexidine gluconate, poly hexamethylene
biguanide and its salts such as poly hexamethylene biguanidine
chloride, iodine, idodophors; fatty acid monoesters; poly-n-vinyl
pyrrolidone-iodophors; silver oxide, silver and its salts,
peroxides (e.g. hydrogen peroxide), antibiotics (e.g. neomycin,
bacitracin, and polymixin B).
[0050] Additionally, other suitable ingredients can be used in the
compositions of the invention to suppress the regrowth or possibly
treat an infection of microorganisms, such as:
2,2-thiobis(4-chlorophenol); 4,4-isopropylidenediphenol;
5-amino-6-chloro-o-cresol; acetaminosalol; alcloxa; aldioxa;
aluminum acetate; aluminum benzoate; aluminum diacetate; aluminum
formate; aluminum phenolsulfonate; ammonium iodide; ammonium
phenolsulfonate; benzisothiazolinone; benzotriazole; benzoxiquine;
benzylparaben; berberine chloride; boric acid; cetethyl
morpholinium ethosulfate; cetethyldimonium bromide; cetrimonium
tosylate; cetylpyridinium chloride; chloramine-t; chlorothymol;
cloflucarban; cocotrimonium chloride; colloidal sulfur; copper
usnate; dedmhydantoin; dedm hydantoin dilaurate; dequalinium
acetate; dequalinium chloride; dibromopropamidine diisethionate;
dichloro-m-xylenol; dichlorophene; dichlorophenyl imidazoldioxolan;
diiodomethyltolylsulfone; dimethyl hydroxymethylpyrazole;
dimethylaminostyryl heptyl methyl thiazolium iodide;
dodecylbenzyltrimonium chloride; domiphen bromide; ferulic acid;
fluorosalan; glyoxal; hydroxymethyl dioxoazabicyclooctane;
hydroxypropyl bistrimonium diiodide; ichthammol; isodecylparaben;
isopropyl sorbate; lapyrium chloride; laurtrimonium
trichlorophenoxide; lauryl iso-quinolinium bromide; lauryl
isoquinolinium saccharinate; laurylpyridinium chloride; m-cresol;
mandelic acid; MDM hydantoin; MEAa-iodine; melaleuca alternifolia;
methyl-benzethonium chloride; mixed cresols; nonoxynol-12 iodine;
nonoxynol-9 iodine; o-cresol; oxyquinoline benzoate; oxyquinoline
sulfate; p-chlorophenol; p-cresol; PEG15 dedm hydantoin; PEG-15
dedm hydantoin stearate; PEG-5 dedm hydantoin; PEG-5 dedm hydantoin
oleate; phenol; phenoxyethylparaben; phenyl salicylate; polymethoxy
bicyclic oxazolidine; potassium iodide; potassium lactate;
potassium phenoxide; potassium troclosene; quartronium-14;
quaternium-24; quaternium-8; ricinoleamidopropyltrimonium
methosulfate; sodium iodide; sodium p-chloro-m-cresol; sodium
phenolsulfonate; sodium phenoxide; sodium usnate; steapyrium
chloride; strontium peroxide; tea-sorbate; tetrabutyl ammonium
bromide; thiabendazole; triacetin; undecylenamide dea;
undecylenamide mea; undecylenamidopropyltrimonium methosulfate;
undecyleneth-6; undecylenoyl peg-5 paraben; usnic acid; zinc
acetate; zinc borate; zinc phenolsulfonate; zinc sulfate; zinc
undecylenate; and combinations of the foregoing.
[0051] The following actives could also be of use to also reduce
regrowth of microorganisms on skin:
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-dial; 4-hydroxybenzoic acid;
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; 7-ethylbicyclooxazolidine; ammonium
benzoate; ammonium bisulfite; ammonium propionate; ammonium
sulfite; behentrimonium chloride; benzalkonium bromide;
benzalkonium chloride; benzalkonium saccharinate; benzethonium
chloride; benzoic acid; benzyl alcohol; benzylhemiformal;
bromochlorophene; butyl benzoate; butylparaben; calcium benzoate;
calcium paraben; calcium propionate; calcium salicylate; calcium
sorbate; calcium undecylenate; cetalkonium chloride; cetearalkonium
bromide; cetrimonium bromide; cetrimonium chloride;
chloroacetamide; chlorobutanol; chlorophene; chloroxylenol;
chlorphenesin; climbazole; dehydroacetic acid; diazolidinyl urea;
dibromohexamidine isethionate; dichlorobenzyl alcohol; dimethyl
oxazolidine; DMDM hydantoin; ethyl benzoate; ethylparaben;
formaldehyde; formic acid; glutaral; hexamidine; hexamidine
diisethionate; hexamidine paraben; hexetidine; hydrogenated
tallowtrimonium chloride; imidazolidinyl urea; iodopropynyl
butylcarbamate; isobutyl benzoate; isobutylparaben; isopropyl
benzoate; isopropyl cresols; isopropylparaben; lauralkonium
bromide; lauralkonium chloride; laurtrimonium bromide;
laurtrimonium chloride; magnesium benzoate; magnesium propionate;
magnesium salicylate; MEA o-phenylphenate; MEA-benzoate;
MEA-salicylate; MEA-undecylenate; methenamine; methyl benzoate;
methylchloroisothiazolinone; methyldibromo glutaronitrile;
methylisothiazolinone; methylparaben; myristalkonium chloride;
myristalkonium saccharinate; myrtrimonium bromide; o-cymen-5-01;
o-phenylphenol; olealkonium chloride; p-chloro-m-cresol;
phenoxyethanol; phenoxyisopropanol; phenyl benzoate; phenyl
mercuric acetate; phenyl mercuric benzoate; phenyl mercuric borate;
phenyl mercuric bromide; phenyl mercuric chloride; phenylparaben;
piroctone olamine; polyaminopropyl biguanide; potassium benzoate;
potassium butylparaben; potassium ethylparaben; potassium
metabisulfite; potassium methylparaben; potassium o-phenylphenate;
potassium paraben; potassium propionate; potassium propylparaben;
potassium salicylate; potassium sorbate; potassium sulfite;
propionic acid; propyl benzoate; propylparaben; quaternium-15;
salicylic acid; sodium benzoate; sodium bisulfite; sodium
butylparaben; sodium dehydroacetate; sodium ethylparaben; sodium
formate; sodium hydroxymethylglycinate; sodium iodate; sodium
metabisulfite; sodium methylparaben; sodium o-phenylphenate; sodium
paraben; sodium propionate; sodium propylparaben; sodium
salicylate; sodium sorbate; sodium sulfite; sodium undecylenate;
sorbic acid; soytrimonium chloride; stearalkonium chloride;
steartrimonium chloride; tallowalkonium chloride; tallowtrimonium
chloride; thimerosal; triclocarban; triclosan; undecylenic acid;
zinc pyrithione.
[0052] The present invention further encompasses embodiments
incorporating antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide so that the
composition may be useful as an acne medication, for example. In
some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention may
also be formulated with barrier compounds to form barrier creams
and lotions. Materials which may be added to provide barrier
protection for use as skin barriers to protect against diaper rash
include but are not limited to 0.1 to 60% aldioxa, allantoin,
aluminum acetate, aluminum hydroxide, bismuth subnitrate, boric
acid, calamine, cellulose (microporous), cholecalciferol, cocoa
butter, cod liver oil (in combination), colloidal oatmeal, cysteine
hydrochloride, dexpanthenol, dimethicone, glycerin kaolin, lanolin
(in combination), live yeast cell derivative, mineral oil, peruvian
balsam, peruvian balsam oil, pertrolatum, protein hydrolysate
(1-leucine, 1-isoleucine, 1-methionine, 1-phenylalanine, and
1-tyrosine), racemethionine, shark liver oil, sodium bicarbonate,
sulfur, talc, tannic acid, topical starch, vitamin A, white
petrolatum, zinc acetate, zinc carbonate and zinc oxide.
[0053] In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention may
comprise one or more formulations containing antifungal agents for
the treatment of fungal infections of the skin such as athlete's
foot and the like.
[0054] While some embodiments will include one additional secondary
antimicrobial agent, other embodiments of the invention can include
two or more additional secondary antimicrobials. While the
foregoing secondary antimicrobials can be added to the compositions
individually or singly, combinations of two or more of the
foregoing secondary antimicrobials are also contemplated within the
scope of the invention.
[0055] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present
invention may be formulated into non-aerosol products that can be
dispensed from a reservoir using a hand-pump, for example, to
dispense an amount of the composition whenever the hand pump is
actuated. The amount of the composition dispensed by the pump may
or may not be metered so that the amount of composition dispensed
may or may not be consistent. Moreover, the compositions of the
invention are not limited to being dispensed from only one type of
dispenser or through only one type of hand pump.
[0056] In some embodiments, the compositions are capable of being
formulated into an aerosol foam or a mousse by addition of
propellant to the composition. Suitable propellants can be chosen
from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorinated alkanes, and lower
alkanes (C1-C5) as well as nitrous oxide dimethyl ether and other
solvent-soluble propellants. Suitable lower alkanes include
propane, butane, and isobutane, for example. In some embodiments,
the propellant can comprise a 70/30 mixture of propane/isobutane.
In order to produce an aerosol composition the composition is first
formulated and charged into an appropriate pressure rated
container. A suitable propellant may then be added to the
composition under pressure at approximately 2-30% preferably 3-20%
by volume. The propellant may form a separate layer on the
composition or the propellant may be emulsified or miscible in the
composition.
[0057] The compositions of the invention can be used in any of a
variety of applications including use as a sanitizer for
application to a surface. The compositions of the invention are
suitable for use on mammalian skin including the human hands. In
some embodiments, the compositions may be used as a pre-surgical
hand scrub. In non-aerosol formulations of the invention, the
compositions may be contained in a non-aerosol dispenser equipped
with a conventional hand pump, and the composition may be pumped
onto the hands or other areas of the body. The pumping action
required to dispense the compositions will create a discrete volume
of a dispensed composition in the form of a stable foam. Likewise,
in embodiments comprising an aerosol, the aerosol formulation may
be dispensed from a pressurized container in a discrete volume of
foamed composition. After dispensing, the foam may be spread upon
the surface of the skin to sanitize the skin, the hands or the
like. While some residue may remain on the skin following
evaporation of the alcohol component, the residue can comprise
emollients or the like to provide a desired cosmetic effect.
Consequently, the compositions of the invention provide a means for
sanitizing skin in the form of a foamable composition which does
not need to be rinsed from the skin following application of the
foam to the area in need of sanitization. Alternatively, undesired
residue remaining on the surface can be rinsed off with water, for
example.
[0058] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the present
invention also encompasses systems for dispensing the compositions
comprising a reservoir and an amount of composition retained
therein, and means for dispensing the composition from the
reservoir.
[0059] The compositions of the present invention may be prepared by
a variety of techniques and the ingredients may be added to one
another in any order of addition. To ensure a composition of
maximum stability, the components may be subjected to high shear
(e.g. homogenized) for a limited time period.
EXAMPLES
[0060] The following non-limiting Examples are provided to
illustrate features of the invention and are not intended to limit
the scope of the invention. All percent amounts are weight/weight
percent (wt/wt %) unless otherwise noted.
Preparation of Compositions
[0061] The compositions in the Examples were prepared in 60 gram
samples by combining all components in a glass jar and rolling the
jar overnight, on a mechanical roller. The foam builder was
introduced to the mixture by first preparing a premix of the foam
builder at ranges from 0.5% to 8.0% wt/wt, prepared in
water/alcohol. The appropriate weight of premix was then added to
the mixture containing the other components prior to the step of
mixing by rolling overnight.
[0062] According to the Material Safety Data Sheets of certain
dimethicone copolyol surfactants, the surfactants are known to
contain significant quantities of PEO/PPO block copolymers of the
type described herein as builders. These copolymers may be
byproducts of the manufacturing process for the copolyol
surfactants. The surfactants and builders used in the compositions
of the Examples are listed in Tables 1 and 2.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Surfactants Trade Name INCI Name Surfactant
Mfr. Mfr. Location Abil B 8852 PEG/PPG-4/12 Goldschmidt Hopewell,VA
Dimethicone Chemical Corp. Abil B 8873 PEG/PPG-35/65 Goldschmidt
Hopewell,VA Dimethicone 7,000MW Chemical Corp. Dow 190 Fluid.sub.1
PEG/PPG-18/18 Dow Corning Midland, MI Dimethicone Dow 193
Fluid.sub.2 PEG-12 Dimethicone Dow Corning Midland, MI Hydroxyl
terminated Lambent MFF-164 Hydroxyl capped Lambent Gurnee, IL
dimethicone copolyol Technologies Inc. Lambent Quat AD Silicone
Quaternary 1 Lambent Gurnee, IL Technologies Inc. Lambent Quat AM
Silicone Quaternary 2 Lambent Gurnee, IL (Myristyl) Technologies
Inc. Lambent Syngard 300 Acrylic backbone Lambent Gurnee, IL
polymer with Technologies Inc. dimethylsiloxane sidechains Lambent
Wax WS-L Dimethicone copolyol Lambent Gurnee, IL Laurate
Technologies Inc. Lambent Wax WS-p Silicone Copolyol Lambent
Gurnee, IL Pelargonate Technologies Inc. Pecosil DCL Dimethicone
Copolyol PCI Pheonix Somerville, NJ Lactate Chemical, Inc. Pecosil
DCT Sodium Dimethicone PCI Pheonix Somerville, NJ Copolyol Acetyl
Chemical, Inc. Methytaurate Q2-5220 Resin Modifier.sub.3
PEG/PPG-17/18 Dow Corning Midland, MI Dimethicone Silwax WD-IS
Silicone Copolyol Lambent Gurnee, IL Isostearate Technologies Inc.
Silwet 77 PEG Dimethicone, GE Silicones Midland, MI Methoxy
Terminated, 600MW Silwet L-7001 EO/PO, Methoxy GE Silicones Wilton,
CT terminated 20,000MW Silwet L-7200 Dimethicone Copolyol GE
Silicones Midland, MI Silwet L-7500 PPO Dimethicone, GE Silicones
Midland, MI Butoxy Terminated, 3,000MW Silwet L-7602 PEG
Dimethicone, GE Silicones Wilton, CT Methoxy Terminated, 3000MW
Silwet L-7604 PEG Dimethicone, GE Silicones Midland, MI Hydroxy
Terminated, 4000MW Silwet L-7605 PEG Dimethicone, GE Silicones
Wilton, CT Methoxy Terminated, 6000MW Silwet L-7614 PEG
Dimethicone, GE Silicones Wilton, CT Hydroxy Terminated, 5000MW 3M
.TM. Silicones "Plus" Polymer VS80 Polysilicone-8 3M Company St.
Paul, MN 1. Dow 190 surfactant includes poly(ethylene oxide,
propylene oxide) monoallyl ether acetate and polyether polyol
acetate. 2. Dow 193 surfactant includes polyethylene oxide
monoallyl ether. 3. Q2-5220 Resin Modidier includes poly(ethylene
oxide, propylene oxide) monoally ether acetate; polyethylene plycol
monoallyl ether acetate; and polyether polyol acetate.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Foam Builders Trade Name Description
Supplier/Mfr. Mfr. Location Aqualon EC K100 Ethylcellulose Hercules
Wilmington, DE Crothix Liquid PEG-150 Pentaerythrityl Croda
Parsippany, NJ tetrastearate (and) PEG-6 Capric/Caprylic glycerides
Ecopol 120-S Hydroxypropyl Guar Economy Houston, TX Polymers and
Chemicals Ganex Butylated Polyvinyl ISP Wayne, NJ P-904LC
Pyrrolidone Technologies Natrosol Plus Cetyl Hercules Wilmington,
DE hydroxyethylcellulose Plasdone PVP K-120 Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone
International Wayne, NJ Specialty Products Pluronic Ethylene
Oxide/Propylene BASF Florham Park, NJ F-108 Oxide Block Copolymer
Pluronic Ethylene Oxide/Propylene BASF Florham Park, NJ F-127 Oxide
Block Copolymer Polyox WSR N12K poly(ethylene oxide) Dow Chemical
Co. Midland, MI Ave MW 1,000,000 Polyox WSR N6OK poly(ethylene
oxide) Dow Chemical Co. Midland, MI Ave MW 2,000,000 Polyox WSR
N-80 poly(ethylene oxide) Dow Chemical Co. Midland, MI Ave MW
200,000 Polyox WSR-301 poly(ethylene oxide) Dow Chemical Co.
Midland, MI Ave MW 4,000,000 PVP K-90 Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (K
value 90) BASF Florham Park, NJ
Equipment
[0063] Foam Pump--A foam pump nozzle was used to generate foam from
each composition. The pump used was a pump dispenser, product Code
F2, type F2-L11 255/150, available from Airspray International Inc.
of North Pompano Beach, Fla.
[0064] Foam Collection vial--Vials were used to collect foam from
the pump dispenser while the foam height was being measured. The
vials were made of glass and were of either 40 or 80 mm height
having a 25 mm internal diameter and a 27 mm outer diameter.
Test Methods
Foam Height Test Procedure
[0065] The Foam Pump was used to assess the foam forming property
of the compositions. The pump was rinsed between samples with
deionized water by pumping water through the pump until it came out
clear. The pump dip tube was removed from the water and then pumped
dry of residual water and then placed in the composition to be
tested. The pump was then pumped 3 times to prime the pump and then
3 more times to purge solution through the nozzle to ensure the
system was ready. Finally, three pumps worth of foam were collected
in a collection vial by pumping slowly at a speed of about 1 second
for each pump. The vial containing the foam was placed on a flat
surface, a timer was started and a small ruler with millimeter
increments was used to measure the approximate height of the foam,
ignoring the height of any remaining unfoamed composition. The time
to measure the foam height usually took about 5 seconds. Any
composition producing a foam which was not stable at least 5
seconds was considered unstable and rated 0 mm. The foam height was
estimated to be the average height of the foam. A rating of 0 mm
was given if the top of the solution was void of foam in any spot,
usually the center. The foam height was recorded after 1, 3 and 5
minutes to determine the long term stability of the foam.
Foam Volume % Increase
[0066] The percentage of foam volume increase over the solution
volume was calculated by measuring the foam height in millimeters,
subtracting 5 mm from the foam height and dividing the result by 5
(the volume of the un-foamed pumped solution) and multiplying by
100%. Foam volume % increase measurements were made immediately
following creation of the foam (e.g., after dispensing). Due to the
difficulty in determining the exact foam surface, foam heights
between 0-5 mm were reported as having a zero percent increase in
foam volume.
Viscosity
[0067] Viscosity in centipoise (cP) was measured at 23.degree. C.
at ambient pressure using a Brookfield viscometer Model LVT
equipped with a Brookfield LV spindle #1 @ 60 rpm. All samples were
allowed to equilibrate at 23.degree. C. for 24 hours prior to
measurement. The viscosity was taken at the lowest speed possible
while staying within 10-100% of the viscometer range and more
preferably between 20-80% of the range. The viscosity was read
after one minute of testing. In all cases the sample size and
container geometry was chosen to ensure that there were no wall
effects. By "wall effects" it is meant the viscosity value is not
affected by the container and is essentially equivalent to the
viscosity taken in an infinitely large container. For this reason
lower viscosity samples required a larger sample size to
accommodate the larger spindles.
Examples 1-13
[0068] Examples 1-13 were prepared using various amounts of the
surfactant Dow 190; plus a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) foam builder,
available from Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Mich., under the
trade name POLYOX.TM. WSR N12K; distilled water, and an alcohol
solvent. Foam height measurements according to the above test
method were taken for each sample. The foam height measurements and
formulations for each of the Examples are set forth in Table 3.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Dow Foam Initial Foam Foam Foam 190 Builder
SDA.sup.1 Foam Height Height Height Surf. N12K Water (EtOH/ Height
1 min. 3 min. 5 min. Example Amt. % Amt. % Amt. % IPA) IPA.sup.2 mm
mm mm mm 1 1.00 0.060 43.94 55.00 -- 32 30 24 23 2 1.00 0.060 38.94
60.00 -- 32 29 28 22 3 1.00 0.060 35.17 63.77 -- 35 33 29 20 4 1.00
0.060 28.94 70.00 -- 34 32 26 18 5 1.00 0.060 23.94 75.00 -- 28 26
21 17 6 1.00 0.060 18.94 80.00 -- 30 29 23 14 7 1.00 0.060 43.94 --
55.00 36 35 32 28 8 1.00 0.060 34.94 -- 64.00 35 33 29 23 9 0.50
0.060 35.44 -- 64.00 25 23 20 14 10 1.00 0.060 23.94 -- 75.00 17 5
1 0 11 1.00 0.060 18.94 80.00 -- 35 32 25 16 12 1.00 0.060 8.94
90.00 -- 27 23 14 8 13 1.00 0.060 34.94 0.00 64.00.sup.3 26 25 21
14 .sup.1SDA is Specially Denatured Alcohol (SDA-3-C): a mixture of
100 parts USP 200 proof Ethanol plus 5 parts isopropyl alcohol
(IPA). .sup.2IPA is isopropyl alcohol, reagent grade.
.sup.3n-propanol (reagent grade) was used instead of isopropyl
alcohol.
Examples 14-32
[0069] Examples 14-32 were all prepared with the same alcohol
solvent, foam builder, surfactant and water content. The only
variation in Examples 14-32 was the type of surfactant used. The
alcohol solvent was SDA-3-C and was present at 64.00%; the foam
builder was PEO N12K (listed above) and was present at 0.06%; the
water content was 25.50% and the amount of surfactant was 2.50%.
Foam height data and foam volume % increased data are reported in
Table 4 for each of the compositions.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Initial Foam Foam Foam Foam Height Height
Height Foam Height 1 min. 3 min. 5 min. Volume % Example Surfact.
Trade Name mm mm mm Mm Increase 14 Dow 190 Fluid 45 42 28 12 800%
15 Dow 193 Fluid 30 0 0 0 500% 16 Abil B 8873 35 31 25 7 600% 17
Lambent MFF-164 34 32 28 22 580% 18 Lambent Quat AD 25 7 5 3 400%
19 Lambent Quat AM 30 0 0 0 500% 20 Lambent Wax WS-L 30 6 0 0 500%
21 Lambent Wax WS-p 35 26 0 0 600% 22 Pecosil DCL 34 20 0 0 580% 23
Pecosil DCT 15 0 0 0 200% 24 Q2-5220 Resin Modifier 30 27 23 14
500% 25 Silwax WD-IS 10 0 0 0 100% 26 Silwet 77 20 0 0 0 300% 27
Silwet L-7001 35 34 29 16 600% 28 Silwet L-7500 10 0 0 0 100% 29
Silwet L-7602 38 5 0 0 660% 30 Silwet L-7604 34 0 0 0 580% 31
Silwet L-7605 30 0 0 0 500% 32 Silwet L-7614 30 0 0 0 500%
Examples 33-53 and Comparative Examples C1-C6
[0070] The Examples 33-53 were all prepared with the same alcohol
content of 65.00% USP 200 proof ethanol. The amounts and type of
surfactant, the amount of foam builder and the water content were
varied. Comparative Examples C1-C4 had no surfactant. Examples C5
and C6 had no builder. Formulations, initial foam height
measurements and foam volume % increases are reported in Table
5.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Foam Initial Foam Foam Builder Foam Height
Height Foam Surf. N12K Water Visc. Height 1 min. 3 min. Vol. %
Example Surf. Type Amt. % Amt. % Amt. % Cp mm mm mm Increase C1
Silwet 0.00 0.000 35.00 3.4 0 0 0 0% L-7604 33 Silwet 0.10 0.000
34.90 3.1 5 0 0 0% L-7604 34 Silwet 1.00 0.000 34.00 3.5 10 5 1
100% L-7604 C2 Silwet 0.00 0.060 34.94 3.8 0 0 0 0% L-7604 35
Silwet 0.10 0.060 34.84 4.1 18 0 0 260% L-7604 36 Silwet 1.00 0.060
33.94 4.0 21 3 0 320% L-7604 37 Silwet 5.00 0.060 29.94 3.9 17 0 0
240% L-7604 C3 Silwet 0.00 0.200 34.80 5.6 0 0 0 0% L-7604 38
Silwet 0.10 0.200 34.70 5.5 18 0 0 260% L-7604 39 Silwet 1.00 0.200
33.80 4.9 23 18 0 360% L-7604 C4 Silwet 0.00 0.500 34.50 15.4 0 0 0
0% L-7604 40 Silwet 0.10 0.500 34.40 16.5 16 0 0 220% L-7604 41 Dow
190 1.00 0.060 33.94 3.9 40 38 35 700% 42 Dow 190 1.00 0.000 34.00
1.5 15 9 6 200% 43 Lambent 1.00 0.060 33.94 4.0 20 0 0 300% AD C5
Lambent 1.00 0.000 34.00 3.1 0 0 0 0% AD 44 Lambent 1.00 0.060
33.94 4.1 34 30 8 580% WS-P 45 Lambent 1.00 0.000 34.00 3.0 11 8 3
120% WS-P 46 MFF-164 1.00 0.060 33.94 3.0 35 34 32 600% 47 MFF-164
1.00 0.000 34.00 2.5 14 10 7 180% 48 Pecosil 1.00 0.060 33.94 3.5
10 0 0 100% DCT C6 Pecosil 1.00 0.000 34.00 3.0 0 0 0 0% DCT 49
Silwet 1.00 0.500 33.50 16.0 17 13 0 240% L-7604 50 Lambent 1.00
0.060 34.94 nt.sup.1 33 32 30 560% Syngard 300 51 Abil B 1.00 0.060
34.94 nt 34 34 20 580% 8852 52 Silwet L- 1.00 0.060 34.94 nt 37 39
32 640% 7200 53 3M VS80 1.00 0.060 34.94 nt 26 18 14 420%
.sup.1"nt"--not tested.
Examples 54-64
[0071] Examples 54-64 were all prepared with the same alcohol
content of 65.00% USP 200 proof ethanol and the same surfactant
content of 1.00% Q2-5220 Resin Modifier. The amounts and the type
of foam builder were varied as was the water content. Composition,
foam height and foam volume % increase are reported in Table 6.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Initial Foam Foam Foam Foam Foam Foam Height
Height Height Foam Builder Builder Water Visc. Height 1 min. 3 min.
5 min. Vol. % Example Type Amt. % Amt. % Cp mm mm mm Mm Increase 54
None 0.000 34.00 nt.sup.1 10 9 7 6 100% 55 Crothix 0.080 33.92 nt
12 10 7 7 140% 56 Crothix 0.300 33.70 4.9 12 9 8 6 140% 57 Ganex
0.080 33.92 nt 11 9 8 8 120% P-904LC 58 Ganex 0.300 33.70 7.4 10 8
8 7 100% P-904LC 59 Pluronic 0.080 33.92 nt 10 7 6 6 100% F-108 60
Pluronic 0.300 33.70 3.1 10 9 7 7 100% F-108 61 Pluronic 0.080
33.92 nt 11 9 7 6 120% F-127 62 Pluronic 0.300 33.70 8.6 13 10 9 9
160% F-127 63 PVP K-90 0.080 33.92 nt 13 10 9 7 160% 64 PVP K-90
0.300 33.70 4.3 9 9 6 6 80% .sup.1"nt"--not tested.
Examples 65-73
[0072] Examples 65-73 were all prepared with the same surfactant
content of 1.00%, Dow 190. The amounts of foam builder, water
content and USP 200 proof ethanol were all varied. Additionally the
type of foam builder was also varied. Composition, foam height and
foam volume % increase are reported in Table 7.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Initial Foam Foam Foam Foam Foam Foam Height
Height Height Foam Builder Builder Water EtOH Height 1 min. 3 min.
5 min. Vol. % Example Type Amt. % Amt. % Amt. % mm mm mm Mm
Increase 65 None 0 34.00 65.00 15 13 11 9 200% 66 Natrosol 0.06
33.98 64.96 13 10 8 6 160% Plus 67 Natrosol 0.35 33.88 64.77 6 6 4
4 20% Plus 68 Aqualon 0.06 33.98 64.96 15 11 10 8 200% EC K100 69
Aqualon 0.35 33.88 64.77 13 10 8 8 160% EC K100 70 Ecopol 0.06
33.98 64.96 12 9 8 7 140% 120-S 71 Ecopol 0.35 33.88 64.77 17 15 14
11 240% 120-S 72 PVP K-120 0.06 33.98 64.96 14 11 9 8 180% 73 PVP
K-120 0.35 33.88 64.77 9 7 6 6 80%
Examples 74-78
[0073] Examples 74-78 were formulated using PEO builders of
different molecular weights. Dow 190 in an amount of 1.00% was used
as the surfactant for all of the Examples 68-72. Formulation
information and foam height data are given in Table 7. Fluid at an
amount of 1.00%.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 PEO PEO Initial Foam Foam Foam Foam Foam
Foam Alcohol Foam Height Height Height Builder Builder Builder
Water Solvent Height 1 min. 3 min. 5 min. Example Type MW Amt. %
Amt. % Amt. %.sup.1 mm mm mm mm 74 WSR-301 4,000,000 0.060 29.94
69.00 22 15 10 8 75 N60K 2,000,000 0.060 29.94 69.00 28 24 20 14 76
N12K 1,000,000 0.060 29.94 69.00 26 24 20 16 77 WSR N- 200,000
0.060 34.94 64.00 14 13 11 9 80 78 none 0 0.0 35.00 64.00 9 9 8 8
.sup.1The alcohol in Examples 68-70 was 190 proof USP ethanol. The
alcohol in Examples 71-72 was SDA-3-C alcohol solvent.
Secondary Antimicrobials
[0074] Table 9 list various additional (secondary to alcohol)
antimicrobials that were added to the formulations described in
Examples 73-76.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Abbreviated Name Description Supplier/Mfr.
Mfr. Location CHG 20% Chlorhexidine Medichem, S. A, Paramus, NJ
Gluconate solution distributed by George Uhe Company, Inc. PCMX
para-chloro-meta- Ferro Cleveland, OH xylenol Corporation Triclosan
IRGASAN .RTM. DP 300 Ciba Greensboro, NC Citric Acid Citric Acid
MCB Reagents Rahway, NJ GML Glycerol monolaurate Med-Chem Labs
Galena, IL SCL Sodium Capril Lactylate Rita Corp. Woodstock, IL
Examples 79-82
[0075] Examples 79-82 were formulated with the same components
except that different secondary antimicrobials were used, as shown
in Table 10. Foam height and foam volume % increase data are also
set forth in Table 10.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Surf. Foam Initial Foam Dow Builder Alcohol
Secondary Anti- Foam Height Foam 190 WSR- Water SDA-3-C Anti-
Micro. Height 5 min. Vol. % Example Amt. % N12K Amt. % Amt. %
Micro. Amt. % mm mm Increase 79 1.00 0.060 34.17 63.77 CHG 1.00 35
15 600% 80 1.00 0.060 34.17 63.77 PCMX 1.00 40 15 700% 81 1.00
0.060 34.17 63.77 Triclosan 1.00 36 12 620% 82 1.00 0.060 31.97
63.77 GML + CA + 1.00 26 2 420% SCL.sup.1 .sup.1Glycerol
monolaurate at 1.00% + 2.00% citric acid + 0.1% sodium capril
lactylate
Examples 83-107
[0076] Examples 83-107 were prepared to have the same alcohol
content of 69.00% of USP 190 proof ethanol. The Dow 190 surfactant
and WSR-301 foam builder were used in various amounts as described
in Table 11. Additionally, one or more emollient was added to each
of the formulations. Formulations, initial foam height measurements
and foam volume % increase are reported in Table 11.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Surf. Foam Initial Foam Foam Dow Builder
Foam Height Height Foam 190 WSR 301 Water Height 1 min. 3 min. Vol.
% Example Amt. % Amt. % Amt. % M1.sup.1 M2.sup.2 M3.sup.3 mm mm mm
Increase 83 1.00 0.06 28.94 1.00 0.00 0.00 24 18 14 380% 84 3.00
0.01 26.50 0.50 0.00 1.00 15 12 10 200% 85 2.00 0.01 26.00 1.00
1.00 1.00 17 14 10 240% 86 1.00 0.06 27.94 1.00 1.00 0.00 20 15 10
300% 87 3.00 0.06 26.00 0.00 1.44 0.50 29 25 22 480% 88 1.49 0.04
26.49 0.50 2.00 0.50 30 28 26 500% 89 3.00 0.04 26.00 0.00 0.97
1.00 34 31 24 580% 90 1.00 0.01 27.99 0.00 1.00 1.00 12 9 8 140% 91
1.00 0.01 27.99 1.00 0.00 1.00 14 9 8 180% 92 1.00 0.01 29.00 0.50
0.50 0.00 15 10 8 200% 93 3.00 0.06 26.00 1.00 0.94 0.00 25 20 18
400% 94 1.94 0.06 26.00 1.00 2.00 0.00 30 28 23 500% 95 1.00 0.06
28.94 0.00 0.00 1.00 27 22 16 440% 96 1.00 0.01 26.99 1.00 2.00
0.00 15 11 9 200% 97 1.50 0.01 29.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 15 10 10 200%
98 3.00 0.01 26.00 0.00 1.99 0.00 15 13 9 200% 99 2.97 0.06 26.00
1.00 0.00 0.97 25 23 18 400% 100 3.00 0.01 26.00 0.00 1.99 0.00 16
14 12 220% 101 2.00 0.06 27.94 0.00 0.00 1.00 30 22 17 500% 102
1.91 0.06 27.10 0.51 0.91 0.51 36 31 25 620% 103 1.00 0.01 26.99
0.00 2.00 1.00 14 10 7 180% 104 1.00 0.06 27.94 0.00 2.00 0.00 30
25 21 500% 105 3.00 0.01 26.99 1.00 0.00 0.00 15 12 8 200% 106 1.00
0.06 26.00 0.97 1.97 1.00 31 30 25 520% 107 2.00 0.06 27.94 1.00
0.00 0.00 31 28 20 520% .sup.1M1 was Myristyl Alcohol, available
from Sasol North America, Westlake, LA. .sup.2M2 was G-18-0,
glycereth 18 ethylhexanoate, available from Global 7, Franklin, NJ.
.sup.3M3 was Glycerol, available from from Dow Chemical, Midland
MI.
Examples 108-113
[0077] Example 108-113 were prepared with the same alcohol content
of 63.77% SDA-3-C; the same amount of surfactant, Dow 190 at 1.00%
and the same foam builder PEO, N12K , at an amount of 0.060%, The
type and amount emollient was varied, as was the amount of water.
Initial foam height measurements and foam volume % increase were
taken and are reported in Table 12.
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Initial Foam Foam Foam Foam Height Height
Height Foam Water Height 1 min. 3 min. 5 min. Vol. % Example Amt. %
M1.sup.1 M4.sup.2 M5.sup.3 mm Mm mm mm Increase 108 34.67 0.50 0.00
0.00 38 33 28 18 660% 109 34.17 1.00 0.00 0.00 37 34 23 13 640% 110
33.17 2.00 0.00 0.00 30 28 24 15 500% 111 32.17 3.00 0.00 0.00 30
24 24 15 500% 112 32.17 0.00 3.00 0.00 36 35 30 21 620% 113 32.17
0.00 0.00 3.00 35 34 26 15 600% .sup.1M1: Myristyl Alcohol,
available from Sasol North America, Westlake, LA. .sup.2M4:
Triethyl Citrate, NF available from Morflex Inc. of Greensboro, NC.
.sup.3M5: Acetyl Triethyl Citrate, NF available from Morflex Inc.
of Greensboro NC.
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Components for Comparative Examples C7-C16
Trade/Abbrev. Name Description Supplier/Mfr. Mfr. Location
Monateric CAB-NPB Cocamido Propyl Uniqema Wilmington, DE Betaine
BRIJ 52 PEO 2 cetyl alcohol Uniqema Wilmington, DE Silwet L-7200
Dimethicone Copolyol GE Silicones Midland, MI 19,000 MW 75/25 EO/PO
Ratio Standamid KD Cocamide DEA Kraft Chemical Co. Melrose Park, IL
Super Solen PEG-75 PEG-75 Lanolin Croda Parsippany, NJ Myristyl
Alcohol Myristyl Alcohol Sasol Westlake, LA Tween 61 PEO 4 Sorbitan
mono Uniqema Wilmington, DE stearate Dermal DIA Diisopropyl Adipate
Alzo International Sayreville, NJ Cetearyl alcohol 50:50 wt blend
of Cetyl Croda Parsippany, NJ and Stearyl alcohol PG Propylene
Glycol Dow Chemical Midland, MI Methocel 40-100 Hydroxypropyl Dow
Chemical Midland, MI methylcellulose Klucel Hydroxy Propyl Hercules
Wilmington, DE Cellulose Ritapro 300 cetearyl alcohol and Rita
Corp. Woodstock, IL ceteareth-20 Brij 72 Steareth-2 Uniqema
Wilmington, DE Brij 721 Steareth-21 Uniqema Wilmington, DE
Polysorbate 80 Polysorbate 80 Sigma Chemical St. Louis, MO Co. PEG
400 Poly ethylene glycol Dow Chemical Midland, MI 400 MW Sodium
Dodecyl Sodium Dodecyl Pfaltz and Bauer Waterbury, CT benzene
sulfonate benzene sulfonate Citric Acid Citric Acid MCB Reagents
Rahway, NJ Glycerol monolaurate Glycerol monolaurate Med-Chem Labs
Galena, IL Sodium Capril Sodium Capril Rita Corp. Woodstock, IL
Lactylate Lactylate
Comparative Examples C7-C8
[0078] Comparative Examples C7 and C8 were tested for initial foam
height after being prepared using the materials of Table 13 in the
amounts listed in Tables 14A and 14B.
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14A USP Initial CHG Ethanol Foam Soln.
Cetearyl Tween 190 Height Example 20% alcohol 61 PG Proof Water mm
C7 5.00 2.50 0.50 3.00 57.00 22.80 0
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 14B Initial Foam Myristyl Height Example
alcohol Brij 52 Glycerol IPA Water mm C8 3.00 0.80 2.50 60.00 25.40
0
Comparative Examples C9-C11
[0079] Comparative Examples C9, C10 and C11 were prepared using the
materials listed in Table 13 in the amounts listed in Table 15 and
were tested using the standard Foam Height procedure described
above. The Initial Foam Height for each Comparative Example C9-C11,
was 0 mm.
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 15 USP Cocamido Kraft Ethanol Silwet Propyl
Standamid Methocel PEG-75 200 Ex. # L-7200 Betaine KD 40-100
Lanolin Glycerin IPA Proof Water C9 0.20 10.00 7.00 1.00 3.00 0.20
-- 60.00 17.97 C10 0.25 10.00 7.00 1.00 3.00 0.05 -- 60.00 18.07
C11 0.25 10.00 7.00 1.00 3.00 0.05 70.0 -- 8.07
Comparative Examples C12-C14
[0080] Comparative Examples C12, C13 and C14 were prepared using
various materials of Table 13 in the amounts listed in Table 16 and
were tested using the standard Foam Height procedure described
above.
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 16 USP Ethanol Initial Foam Ritapro 200 CHG
Height Ex. # 300 Brij 72 Brij 721 Klucel Proof Water 20% Soln. mm
C12 2.50 1.88 0.625 0.20 60.00 14.62 0.060 0 C13 2.50 1.88 0.625
0.20 60.00 24.71 0.200 0 C14 2.50 1.88 0.625 0.20 60.00 32.23 0.200
0
Comparative Examples C15-C16
[0081] Comparative Examples C15 and C16 were prepared using various
materials of Table 13 in the amounts listed in Table 17 and were
tested using the standard Foam Height procedure described
above.
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 17 Sodium USP Initial Dodecyl Ethanol Foam
benzene Polysorbate Propylene 200 Height Ex. # sulfonate 80
Glycerol PEG 400 glycol Proof Water mm C15 3.00 1.00 1.50 0.50 0.00
55.00 37.25 0 C16 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 60.00 31.00 0
[0082] Various modifications and alterations of the present
invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without
departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. The
Examples described in this application are illustrative of the
possibilities of varying the type, quantity and ratio of
composition as well as the methods for making formulations of the
present invention.
* * * * *