U.S. patent application number 12/783395 was filed with the patent office on 2010-12-23 for pulp for odor control.
This patent application is currently assigned to WEYERHAEUSER NR COMPANY. Invention is credited to Wayne Fass, ANDRE S. HAJNAL, JAMES F. LINCOLN, Ericka Marsh, Shahrokh A. Naieni, Brent A. Petersen.
Application Number | 20100319865 12/783395 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43353265 |
Filed Date | 2010-12-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100319865 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Petersen; Brent A. ; et
al. |
December 23, 2010 |
Pulp for Odor Control
Abstract
A wood pulp useful for odor control in absorbent products. It
incorporates a biocide or a biocide and essential oils.
Inventors: |
Petersen; Brent A.;
(Seattle, WA) ; Naieni; Shahrokh A.; (Seattle,
WA) ; LINCOLN; JAMES F.; (Kent, WA) ; Marsh;
Ericka; (Seatac, WA) ; Fass; Wayne; (Puyallup,
WA) ; HAJNAL; ANDRE S.; (Anderson Island,
WA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY;INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DEPT., CH 1J27
P.O. BOX 9777
FEDERAL WAY
WA
98063
US
|
Assignee: |
WEYERHAEUSER NR COMPANY
Federal Way
WA
|
Family ID: |
43353265 |
Appl. No.: |
12/783395 |
Filed: |
May 19, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61218612 |
Jun 19, 2009 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
162/161 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D21H 17/09 20130101;
D21H 11/00 20130101; D21H 21/36 20130101; D21H 17/07 20130101; D21H
17/11 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
162/161 |
International
Class: |
D21H 17/09 20060101
D21H017/09; D21H 11/00 20060101 D21H011/00; D21H 17/11 20060101
D21H017/11; D21H 17/07 20060101 D21H017/07 |
Claims
1. A cellulosic wood pulp comprising a wet formed wood pulp sheet
having from 0.01 to 0.5% biocide by weight of the air dry pulp.
2. The wood pulp of claim 1 wherein the biocide is selected from
benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, methylbenzethonium
chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride,
cetrimonium, cetrimide, dofanium chloride, tetraethylammonium
bromide, didecyldimethylammonium chloride and domiphen bromide,
Isothiazolones, methylisothiazolinone, chloromethylisothiazolinone,
benzisothiazolinone, octylisothiazolinone,
dichlorooctylisothiazolinone; biguanides, polyaminopropyl
biguanide, triazoles, propiconazole or tebuconazole.
3. The wood pulp of claim 1 wherein the biocide is
1,2-benzisothiazolein-3-one.
4. The wood pulp of claim 1 further comprising an essential oil in
the amount of 0.002 to 0.05% of the weight of the pulp.
5. The wood pulp of claim 4 wherein the essential oil is in an
aqueous emulsion.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is entitled to and claims the benefit of
priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119 from U.S. Provisional Patent
Application Ser. No. 61/218612 filed Jun. 16, 2009, and titled
"PULP FOR ODOR CONTROL" the contents of which are incorporated
herein by reference.
[0002] This application is directed to pulps containing additives
which will reduce the odor in absorbent products.
[0003] Odor has always been a problem with absorbent garments such
as diapers, adult incontinent products and feminine hygiene
products. Each of these products is designed to contain body or
physiological waste materials. These may take the form of fluids or
excrement. There are odors associated with these waste materials
and there is a long history of attempts to mask these odors. Most
of these attempts have been to apply additives to the products.
[0004] It would be advantageous to provide a pulp treated with an
additive which would mask or reduce a variety of odors which
emanate from body or physiological waste materials. This would
treat the absorbent product without the need for treatment of
individual converted products.
[0005] It has been discovered that pulp treated with certain
additives can be used to mask or neutralize odors that originate in
body waste material. The additives are biocides or a combination of
biocides and essential oils. The pulp can be treated at the pulp
manufacturing plant and provided to the absorbent manufacture for
incorporation into the absorbent product. The pulp comes into
contact with the body waste material so there can be interaction
between the additives and the body waste material.
[0006] Absorbent hygienic products employing fiberized wood pulp
have been available for many years. However, the tonnage used for
this purpose was relatively modest until the advent of disposable
diapers, first for infants and later for incontinent adults. The
advent of these products and their worldwide use created an
explosion in demand. The basic product leaving the pulp mill is
most usually termed a "fluff pulp". In the United States it is most
typically a fully bleached southern pine kraft process pulp
produced in relatively heavy caliper, high basis weight sheets. The
product is rewound into continuous rolls for shipment to the
customer. Since the rolled product is intended to be later
reprocessed into individual fibers, low sheet strength is desirable
and typically little or no refining is used prior to sheeting. The
requirements for surface uniformity and formation are similarly
moderate.
[0007] The pulp products of the present invention are clearly
differentiated from products intended as letter, book, magazine, or
similar papers. These are usually relatively highly refined to
develop web strength and most have basis weights under about 100
g/m.sup.2. Some specialty papers, such as cover stocks, may have
basis weights that are significantly higher. Good strength is
essential. Papers are normally sized to improve ink holdout and
other printing properties. The products of the present invention
are unsized and the strength properties such as tensile, burst, and
tear strength, which are considered essential in papers, are
generally much lower.
[0008] The basis weight of the products of the present invention
may be as low as about 250 g/m.sup.2 and are preferably at least
about 550 g/m.sup.2 and are typically in the range of 680 g/m.sup.2
to 800 g/m.sup.2. The fiber will most usually be unrefined or only
lightly refined although the invention is not so limited. Where a
high surface area product is desired the fiber will normally be
significantly refined. Although some cellulose wood pulps may
contain fillers, these pulps do not contain fillers.
[0009] The cellulose pulp of the invention may be made using
conventional kraft, sulfite, chemithermomechanical or other well
known processes. The furnish can be from any of various cellulose
containing raw materials. Most usually these will be deciduous
hardwoods; coniferous species, usually termed softwoods; or
mixtures of these materials. A preferred pulp is a bleached
softwood kraft pulp that would normally be intended for ultimate
use as absorbent fluff. While so-called "dissolving pulps" may be
used these are not preferred because of their low yield and
resultant much greater cost.
[0010] Typically, in pulp sheet manufacturing wood chips are
digested with chemicals to form cellulosic wood pulp fibers which
can then be washed and bleached if desired. The fibers are then
formed into an aqueous slurry which is deposited on a wire from a
source, such as a headbox, dewatered and formed into a web or sheet
of fibers and the fiber sheet is dried. The sheet or mat is formed
by a wet laying process. The fibers have a hydrogen bonding
capability which allows them to bond together in a wet laying
process.
[0011] The pulp slurry is delivered from a headbox onto a
Fourdrinier wire. Water is drawn from the pulp deposited on wire by
conventional vacuum system leaving a deposited pulp sheet which is
further dewatered by pressure rolls. The pulp sheet is then dried
and then rolled up into a roll for shipment. The roll may have a
moisture content of no more than 10% by weight of the fibers and
usually no more than about 6% to 8% by weight. By wet forming is
meant preparation of the sheet or web from a suspension of pulp
fibers in water by conventional papermaking techniques.
[0012] At the customer's plant, the rolls are continuously fed into
a device, such as a hammermill, to be reduced as much as reasonably
possible to individual fibers. The fiberized product is generally
termed a cellulose "fluff". This is then continuously air laid into
pads for inclusion in the intended product. U.S. Pat. No 3,975,222
to Mesek is exemplary of such a process.
[0013] The fibers are formed into the core of a disposable diaper,
disposable incontinent product or feminine hygiene product. These
products will usually have a top sheet through which urine or
menstrual fluid will flow, a core material, and a fluid impermeable
back sheet. The core material may be of one or more layers. It can
have an acquisition layer, a distribution layer and a storage
layer. The layers may have different amounts and types of fibers.
Each of the layers will have the individualized pulp fibers along
with other material such as cross-link cellulose fibers, and
superabsorbent particles. U.S. Pat. No. 6,436,418 describes a
disposable diaper having certain features.
[0014] The pulp is treated with the additive material either at the
wet end by addition of the additives into the head box before
formation of the pulp sheet to incorporate the additives into the
pulp sheet, or by applying the additives to the formed pulp sheet
either before or after the pulp sheet is dried.
[0015] The additives can be biocide or biocide and essential
oils.
[0016] Biocides that can be used are quaternary amines such as
benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, methylbenzethonium
chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride,
cetrimonium, cetrimide, dofanium chloride, tetraethylammonium
bromide, didecyldimethylammonium chloride and domiphen bromide;
Isothiazolones such as methylisothiazolinone,
chloromethylisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone,
octylisothiazolinone, and dichlorooctylisothiazolinone; biguanides
such as polyaminopropyl biguanide; and triazoles such as
propiconazole and tebuconazole.
[0017] The biocide is a stable suspension with the active component
being 10% to 30% of the weight of the total suspension. In one
embodiment it is approximately 20% of the weight of the suspension.
If the biocide is used by itself then the suspension can be applied
in amounts from 0.05 to 2.5% by weight on oven dry pulp. In one
embodiment the suspension is used in a range of 0.25% to 0.32% by
weight on oven dry pulp. If the suspension is used at 0.25% then
the active ingredient is at 0.05% by weight on oven dry pulp. The
active ingredient, if the biocide is used by itself, can be in the
range of 0.01% to 0.5% of the weight of the oven dry pulp.
[0018] If the biocide is used with an essential oil then the amount
of biocide can be less. When used with the essential oil the
biocide suspension would be used in a range of 0.1 to 0.2% by
weight of the weight of the oven dry pulp. In one embodiment the
suspension would be used in a range of 0.12 to 0.13%. If the amount
of suspension is 0.125% then the amount of active ingredient is
0.025%. When used with essential oils the amount of active
ingredient is usually 0.005 to 0.05%.
[0019] Examples of essential oils that can be used are: ajowan,
angelica root, angelica root himalayan, angelica seed, aniseed
china star, anise seed, aniseed, armoise, artemisia, asafoetida,
backhousia anisata, lemon myrtle oil certified, basil, basil
australian, basil sweet linalool, basil methyl chavicol, bay west
indies, bergamot calabrian, bergamot ivory coast, bergamot mint,
bergamot non-phototoxic, borneo camphor, buchu, cabreuva, cajeput
ambon, camphor white oil, cananga, caraway, cardamon, carrot seed,
carrot seed european, cassia, cedarwood atlas, cedarwood chinese,
cedarwood himalayan, cedar leaf, cedarwood texas, cedarwood
virginian, celery seed, chamomile german extra blue, chamomile wild
moroccan, chamomile matricaria, chamomile roman, cinnamon bark,
cinnamon leaf, cistus, citronella ceylon, citronella java, clary
sage french, clary sage bulgarian, clary sage, clove bud, clove bud
madagascar extra, clove leaf, clove stem, copaiba, coriander,
cubeb, cumin, cypress provence, cypress wild, cypress white wood,
dill seed, elemi, eremophila, buddawood, eucalyptus australiana,
eucalyptus blue mallee bush still, eucalyptus blue gum, eucalyptus
dives "c", eucalyptus radiata, eucalyptus staigeriana, everlasting
oil, fennel sweet, fennel wild tasmanian, fir needle, siberian, fir
needle, canada, fir needle, silver, frankincense, frankincense
somalia, galbanum, garlic, geranium, geranium bourbon reunion,
geranium bourbon china, geranium egyptian, ginger, ginger fresh,
grapefruit australian, grapefruit pink, guaiacwood, gurjun balsam
oil, ho leaf, hyssop, juniper branch, juniperberry extra,
juniperberry wild himalayan, juniperberry wild tyrol, kanuka,
laurel leaf, lavender, lavender french alpine, lavandin, lavender
bulgarian, lavender french population, lavender true oil, lavandid
absolute, lavender spike spanish, lavender tasmanian, lemon cold
pressed, lemongrass cochin, lemongrass guatemalan, lemongrass
nepal, lemon scented eucalyptus, lemon scented tea tree, lemon
verbena genuine, lime cold pressed, lime distilled, lime west
indian distilled, litsea cubeba, lovage root, mace east indian,
mandarin cold pressed, mandarin australian, cold pressed, mandarin
sicilian premium, manuka, marjoram majorana, marjoram spanish,
melaleuca ericifolia, melissa genuine, melissa oil, melaleuca
quinquenervia linalool, melaleuca quinquenervia nerolidol, myrrh,
myrtle dalmation, nagarmotha, neroli bigarade, niaouli pacific
islands, niaouli australian, nutmeg, olibanum, orange bitter,
orange navel, orange sweet, orange valencia, origanum, palmarosa,
parsley herb, parsley seed, patchouli, patchouli aceh, patchouli
clear, pennyroyal, peppermint arvensis complete, peppermint
australian, peppermint eucalyptus, peppermint mitcham, pepper
black, peppermint yakima, peru balsam oil, petitgrain bigarade,
petitgrain bigarade italian, petitgrain mandarin, petitgrain
paraguay, pimento leaf, pine needle, pine extract, pine white,
austrian, pinus pumilio, pinus sylvestris, rose otto bulgarian,
rose otto moroc, rose otto turkish, rosemary, rosemary verbenone
australian, rosemary moroccan, rosemary spanish, rosemary tunisian,
rosemary verbenone oil, rosewood brazilian sustainable, sage
dalmatian, sage spanish, sandalwood east indian, sandalwood west
indian, sandalwood pacific islands, sandalwood west indian,
sandalwood western australian, savory summer, savory winter,
spearmint, spearmint premium mid west, spikenard, tagette, tagetes,
tangerine, tarragon, tea tree bush still, tea tree oil certified,
tea tree premium, thuja, thyme red, thyme linalool oil, thyme
thymol oil, thyme wild, tocopherol alpha, turmeric, turpentine,
valerian european, valerian indian, vanilla, vetiver, vetiver
bourbon, vetiver haiti, vetiver java, wintergreen natural chinese,
wintergreen natural gaultheria, yarrow, yarrow high chamazulene ct,
ylang ylang 1st, ylang ylang 3rd, ylang ylang complete, ylang ylang
extra, ylang ylang super extra.
[0020] Similarly, essential oil components that reduce odors such
as ammonia, sulfur and mercaptans can be readily selected. Where a
broad spectrum of odors is to be treated, a broad-spectrum mix of
essential oils and/or essential oil components can be used, thus
combining the reactivity of a number of components.
[0021] One broad spectrum mixture of components and/or essential
oils and includes:
TABLE-US-00001 Oil/terpene Concentration range (%) Rosemary oil
10-20 Cedarwood oil 8-12 Pine Needle oil 20-30 Eucalyptus oil 10-20
Clove oil 5-10 Thyme oil 8-12 Vetiver oil 1-6 Vanilla oleoresin 1-6
Lavender oil 5-10 Tea Tree oil 3-7
[0022] Another odor reducing additive includes:
TABLE-US-00002 Oil/terpene Concentration range (%) .alpha.-pinene
2-7 .beta.-pinene 2-7 d 3 carene 2-7 dipentene 15-25 p-cymene 5-15
cineole 5-15 camphor 10-20 terpineol 7-13 bornyl acetate 2-6
cedrene 2-6 cedrol 5-10 thymol 2-16
[0023] The essential oils should be diluted in a vegetable based
carrier oil. The essential oil is 10% or less of the total weight
of the blend of essential oil and carrier oil. Usually the
essential oil is from 0.5% to 3% of the weight of the blend of
essential oil and carrier oil. The carrier oil should not have any
odor of its own. Standard carrier oils are almond oil, grapeseed
oil, hazelnut oil and olive oil.
[0024] The essential oil can also be diluted in a water emulsion.
Again, the essential oil is 10% or less of the total weight of the
blend of essential oil and water emulsion. Usually the essential
oil is from 0.5% to 3% of the weight of the blend of essential oil
and water emulsion.
[0025] In one embodiment the amount of essential oil emulsion used
in conjunction with biocides was 0.1 to 0.2% of the weight of the
pulp In another embodiment the amount of essential oil emulsion was
0.12% to 0.13% of the weight of the pulp. In one embodiment the
amount of essential oil on pulp is 0.002 to 0.05% of the weight of
the pulp. In another embodiment the amount of essential oil on the
pulp is 0.004 to 0.01% of the weight of the pulp.
[0026] In a panel test panels of people were asked to rate the odor
of samples after the odiferous material had been on the sample for
4 hours and after the odiferous material had been on the sample for
12 hours.
[0027] In each of the tests the samples were treated with human
urine inoculated with bacteria for the odor. The samples were
incubated at body temperature for 4 hours and for 12 hours. The
control had no treatment.
[0028] One set of samples was treated with a biocide only. The
biocide was 1,2-benzisothiazolein-3-one and was applied in
suspension in amounts of 0.25, 0.30 and 0.32% by weight of the
weight of the pulp. The biocide was 20% of the weight of the
suspension.
[0029] The panel results are:
TABLE-US-00003 Biocide amount 4 hour preference 12 hour preference
% on pulp Control Biocide Control Biocide 0.25 23 41 17 47 0.30 8
12 5 15 0.32 6 8 7 7
[0030] There was a preference for the biocide treated sample over
the control samples.
[0031] A statistical analysis, using both the normal approximations
test and Fisher's exact test indicated there was no significant
statistical difference in the panel preferences among the three
biocide dosages at either 4 hours or 12 hours.
[0032] Another set of samples was treated with biocide and
essential oils. The biocide was 1,2-benzisothiazolein-3-one and was
applied in suspension in amounts of 0.125 to 0.25% by weight of the
weight of the pulp. The biocide was 20% of the weight of the
suspension. The essential oil was EcoSorb 606. The suspension was
applied in the amount of 0.125% by weight of the pulp. The
essential oil was 3% by weight of the suspension. The control had
no treatment. The samples were treated with human urine inoculated
with bacteria for the odor.
[0033] The panel results were:
TABLE-US-00004 Biocide + essential oil 4 hour preference 12 hour
preference % on pulp Control Biocide & oil Control Biocide
& oil 0.125 + 0.125 12 32 6 38 0.25 + 0.125 5 19 5 19
[0034] There was a preference for the biocide and essential oil
treated samples over the control sample.
[0035] A statistical analysis, using both the normal approximations
test and Fisher's exact test indicated there was no significant
statistical difference in the panel preferences between the two
biocide dosages at either 4 hours or 12 hours
[0036] The panel preferences of the biocide alone and the biocide
with essential oil were compared and it was found the panels did
prefer the biocide with essential oil at both 4 and 12 hours by a
significant statistical difference.
[0037] The results were:
TABLE-US-00005 4 hour preference 12 hour preference biocide +
biocide + biocide essential oil biocide essential oil preferred 61
51 69 57 not preferred 37 17 29 11
[0038] These numbers show a clear preference for the biocide and
essential oil over the biocide alone.
* * * * *