U.S. patent application number 12/669330 was filed with the patent office on 2010-11-25 for mast arrangement.
This patent application is currently assigned to INDUO GESELLSCHAFT ZUR VERWERTUNG VON SCHUTZRECHTEN MBH & CO. KG. Invention is credited to Paul Reichartz.
Application Number | 20100293880 12/669330 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39745148 |
Filed Date | 2010-11-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100293880 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Reichartz; Paul |
November 25, 2010 |
MAST ARRANGEMENT
Abstract
The invention relates to a mast arrangement having at least two
single masts and at least one beam connecting the single masts,
wherein at least one shear connector provided with anchor pins
engaging the anchor pins in the an exterior side of the beam and/or
the single mast to connect the beam to one of the single masts.
Said mast arrangement is easily statically calculated, so that it
can be designed appropriately for the load at a low cost.
Inventors: |
Reichartz; Paul;
(Korschenbroich, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CONNOLLY BOVE LODGE & HUTZ LLP
1875 EYE STREET, N.W., SUITE 1100
WASHINGTON
DC
20006
US
|
Assignee: |
INDUO GESELLSCHAFT ZUR VERWERTUNG
VON SCHUTZRECHTEN MBH & CO. KG
Korschenbroich
DE
|
Family ID: |
39745148 |
Appl. No.: |
12/669330 |
Filed: |
July 17, 2008 |
PCT Filed: |
July 17, 2008 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2008/059365 |
371 Date: |
March 10, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/651.07 ;
52/655.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04H 12/04 20130101;
E04H 12/24 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/651.07 ;
52/655.1 |
International
Class: |
E04H 12/00 20060101
E04H012/00; E04H 12/22 20060101 E04H012/22; E04H 12/04 20060101
E04H012/04; E04H 12/08 20060101 E04H012/08; E04B 1/38 20060101
E04B001/38 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 18, 2007 |
DE |
10 2007 033 829.7 |
Claims
1. A mast arrangement comprising at least two single masts and at
least one beam connecting the single masts, wherein at least one
composite anchor which is provided with anchor pins and engages
with the anchor pins in an outer side of the beam and/or of the
single mast to connect the beam to one of the single masts.
2. The mast arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising
seats in the outer side of the single mast and/or the beam to
receive the anchor pins of a composite anchor.
3. The mast arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising
means for holding in position the composite anchor which engages
into the outer side(s).
4. The mast arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the holding
means are mechanical attachment means.
5. The mast arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the
attachment means engage into the beam and/or the single mast.
6. The mast arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the
attachment means engage into the beam or the single mast obliquely
to the anchor pins.
7. The mast arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the
attachment means are directly connected to the composite
anchor.
8. The mast arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the composite
anchor engages with its anchor pins both into the single mast and
into the beam.
9. The mast arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the composite
anchor is positioned between a single mast and one or more beams
connected thereto.
10. The mast arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the single
mast and beam rest against one another in the region of the
connection and are configured to be planar in this region.
11. The mast arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising
crossbeams as beams for receiving loads.
12. The mast arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising
at least two crosswise arranged beams for reinforcing the mast
arrangement.
13. The mast arrangement according to claim 12, further comprising
at least one composite anchor at a point of intersection between
two of the at least two crosswise arranged beams.
14. The mast arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising
composite anchors at all connection points between one or more
beams and single masts.
15. The mast arrangement according to claim 1, wherein at least one
beam or one single mast is formed from wood or a composite wood
material.
16. The mast arrangement according to claim 15, wherein at least
one of the single masts is formed from a round wood.
17. The mast arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the beams
are made of steel.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a mast arrangement comprising at
least two single masts and at least one beam connecting the single
masts.
[0002] Medium-voltage and low-voltage networks use wooden pole
arrangements which carry crossbeams to which transmission lines are
attached. The crossbeams are usually steel tubes or I-beams made of
steel or wood which are connected to the wooden pole arrangement
via angled U profiles, said U profiles being attached by hooks to
the upper end of the wooden pole arrangement. One of the possible
wooden pole constructions is known as an H mast which usually
consists of two single masts and a bracing connecting them.
[0003] A fundamental disadvantage of the known wooden pole
constructions is that they cannot be calculated statically in a
sufficiently accurate manner. A basic reason for this is that
wooden poles expand to different extents due to changes in the
ambient temperature and environmental moisture, For this reason,
the configuration of wooden poles in respect of their thickness as
well as the size and type of the connecting elements is based on
empirical experimental values with the disadvantage that the
designs used are uneconomical.
[0004] In contrast thereto, the object of the invention is to
provide a mast arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset
which can be calculated statically and can be configured
appropriately for the load at a low cost.
[0005] This object is achieved by a mast arrangement having the
features of claim Preferred embodiments of the invention are set
out in the sub-claims.
[0006] The term "beam" as used here and in the following is
understood as meaning any mast element which has the effect of
connecting the single masts and has the action of a supporting
structural beam or bar.
[0007] The term "composite anchor" as used here and in the
following is understood as meaning a connecting element with a core
which carries a plurality of anchor pins, The core can have a
symmetrical or asymmetrical shape. Oblong cores with a square or
rhomboidal cross section have proved to be relevant in practical
terms. However, cores configured as polyhedra or other
symmetrically or asymmetrically configured cores can also be
used.
[0008] The composite anchors can be configured with one or more
through holes, as required, along or transversely through their
core and can serve as so-called through anchors as bearings for set
screws, They can also have tapped holes for screws which are to be
attached to the anchor.
[0009] Depending on the field of use, the anchor pins can extend
parallel to one another towards one side only or on opposite sides
of the core in opposite directions. A composite anchor can also be
a joint connection for two or more beams with at least two anchor
pin regions acting in different directions, particularly when the
core is a polyhedron. The anchor pins can have a round or polygonal
cross section and can be configured in particular as pegs. The
anchor pins can be configured in one or more parts from the same or
different materials. Conical anchor pins which taper in a direction
remote from the anchor core are particularly preferred.
[0010] It has surprisingly been found that when composite anchors
provided with anchor pins are used as connecting elements, both
tensile and compressive forces as well as the pushing or shearing
forces which arise between the beams and single masts to be
connected are transmitted in a particularly effective manner, since
the anchor pins do not transmit the forces to the outer side of a
beam or of a single mast but introduce said forces inside said beam
or single mast. Consequently, the introduction of force largely is
largely independent of the geometric dimension of the beam or of
the single mast. Therefore, the mast arrangement according to the
invention can be calculated statically for the first time in such
an accurate manner that the choice of materials used and the
material thicknesses can be determined for the first time based on
calculations for the loading conditions which are to be
expected.
[0011] The materials for beams, single masts and composite anchors
can be selected such that the composite anchor can be pressed into
the outer surface of the beam and/or single masts. This is
particularly possible when the mast has in the region of the anchor
seat a rubbery material which has resilient characteristics within
specific limits. In particular, when the anchor pins have one or
more undercuts such that the encircling edges of the anchor pin
which are formed by the undercuts press into the surface of a seat
produced by the pressing-in action, the composite anchor can sit
firmly in the seat.
[0012] However, particularly in the case of beams or single masts
made of wood, recesses are preferably provided in the outer surface
thereof which furthermore preferably correspond to the shape of the
anchor pins before said anchor pins of the composite anchor are
inserted into the seats in the outer surface of the beam.
[0013] In a further preferred embodiment of the mast arrangement
according to the invention, means are provided for securing the
composite anchor which engages into the seats in the outer
surface(s) of the beam(s) and/or single masts. Means of this type
include in particular mechanical attachment means, particularly
screws or screw bolts which engage for example directly into the
beam, whether this is parallel to the anchor pins or obliquely
thereto, the attachment means preferably being directly connected
to the composite anchor. Suitable adhesives, for example
two-component adhesives, are also included as fasteners.
[0014] Other attachment possibilities consist, for example, in
securing the composite anchor to the beam or single mast by a clamp
which engages around the composite anchor and the beam or single
mast. Furthermore, the composite anchor can be directly positioned
between a beam and a single mast, it then being possible for the
beam and mast to be held together by further attachment means such
as screws, clamps or the like, such that the composite anchor is
held securely in its position between the beam and the single
mast.
[0015] In particular in the case of two beams, but also where there
is a plurality of beams which rest against a single mast and
against one another, the opportunity is presented for the composite
anchor to be provided with anchor pins for the single mast and also
for each of the beams and for the composite anchor to engage with
said anchor pins into the single mast and into the beams in order
to achieve as effective a transmission of forces as possible from
the beams into the single mast as well as from beam to beam.
[0016] However, embodiments are likewise preferred in which the
composite anchor only has anchor pins for a single mast or beam and
is connected to the beam or single mast to be connected in each
case by other means. Thus, a composite anchor which engages in a
single mast on one side with anchor pins and is attached to the
mast, for example by a screw connection, can be connected on the
other side to a U profile carrying a crossbeam, for example by
riveting, by a welded connection and/or a screw connection.
[0017] When the beams which are joined together by a composite
anchor at least partly rest against one another, it is advantageous
for said beams to be planar in their mutually contacting regions.
In particular when the mast arrangements are only produced at the
site where they are to be erected, it is substantially easier to
create a planar installation surface than it is to provide a
profiled surface.
[0018] A mast arrangement according to the invention can optionally
be provided with a crossbeam which can likewise be connected as a
beam to the mast arrangement by one or more composite anchors. The
mast arrangement can be reinforced by at least two crosswise
arranged beams, said beams preferably being interconnected at the
point of intersection by an interlying composite anchor.
[0019] The mast arrangement according to the invention is
particularly suitable for single masts and beams made of wood or a
composite wood material and is particularly suitable for mast
arrangements with single masts made of round wood. It is precisely
when natural materials are used that the advantage of calculability
becomes particularly significant, especially when composite anchors
are used as connecting elements at all the force transmission
points between the single masts and beams. However, the beams and
the single masts can likewise also be made for example of a
plastics material, a concrete material or other suitable
materials.
[0020] The mast arrangements according to the invention are
particularly suitable for use as poles in medium-voltage,
low-voltage and high-voltage networks up to 360 kV, but can also be
used in telecommunications networks, for example telephone
poles.
[0021] In the following, the invention will be described in more
detail with reference to figures which show various preferred
embodiments of the invention.
[0022] FIG. 1 is a partial view of a mast arrangement according to
the invention;
[0023] FIG. 2 is a partial view of a further mast arrangement
according to the invention;
[0024] FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a first detail of the mast
arrangement shown in FIG. 2;
[0025] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a second detail of the mast
arrangement shown in FIG. 2;
[0026] FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a third detail of the mast
arrangement shown in FIG. 2;
[0027] FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a fourth detail of the mast
arrangement shown in FIG. 2;
[0028] FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a fifth detail of the mast
arrangement shown in FIG. 2;
[0029] FIG. 8 is an isometric illustration of a type of composite
anchor which can be used for the mast arrangements according to the
invention;
[0030] FIG. 9a is an isometric illustration of a composite anchor
which can be used for the mast arrangements according to the
invention and which has a curved, continuous anchor surface;
[0031] FIG. 9b is a plan view of the composite anchor shown in FIG.
9a;
[0032] FIG. 9c is a cross-sectional view of the composite anchor
shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b along line A-A in FIG. 9b:
[0033] FIG. 9d is a longitudinal sectional view of the composite
anchor shown in FIG. 9a to 9c along line B-B in FIG. 9c.
[0034] The mast arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is a so-called H mast
having a first vertical single mast 1 and a second vertical single
mast 2, segments of which only being shown in each case. The single
masts 1, 2 are at a distance from one another and are
interconnected at a lower portion by two rod-type beams 3, 4 which
are of an equal length and are in a crosswise arrangement. The
beams 3, 4 are arranged between the single masts 1, 2 and are each
connected to the region, facing them, of the single masts 1, 2 at
their front end by connecting means 5, 6, 7, 8. Said connecting
means 5, 6, 7, 8 will be described further below with reference to
FIG. 6. The connection points between single masts 1, 2 and beams
3, 4 are all located in a plane such that the beams 3, 4 are
slightly curved.
[0035] In an upper portion, the mast arrangement has a horizontal
beam as a crossbeam 9 which is attached to both single masts 1, 2
and extends at both ends beyond the single masts. The means 11, 12
for attaching the crossbeam 9 to the single masts 1, 2 will be
described below with reference to FIG. 3.
[0036] While the beams 3, 4 as well as the crossbeam 9 are
configured as squared timbers, the single masts 1, 2 consist of
round timbers.
[0037] The mast arrangement shown in FIG. 2 also has two vertical
single masts 21, 22 consisting of round timbers which are spaced
apart and are interconnected by rod-type beams 23, 24, 25, 26 of
equal length. Unlike the mast arrangement shown in FIG. 1, the
beams do not adjoin one another crosswise, but are in a mutual
position in the form of a cross. Their front ends, directed towards
the centre of the cross, are connected by connecting means 27 which
will be described in detail further below with reference to FIG. 7.
The means for connecting the front ends of the beams 23, 24, 25, 26
facing the single masts 21, 22 to the single masts 21, 22 are
identical to those illustrated in FIG. 1 and will be described in
detail further below with reference to FIG. 6.
[0038] In its upper portion, the mast arrangement supports a
horizontal crossbeam 28 formed by two parallel squared timbers 29,
31 which are attached to opposing ends of the single masts 21, 22.
The attachment of the squared timbers to the single masts will be
described in detail further below with reference to FIG. 3
[0039] Connecting blocks 32, 33, 34 are arranged between the
squared timbers 29, 31 at their outer front ends and in the centre
of the crossbeam 28. Attached to the two outer connecting blocks
32, 34 is in each case a rod-like beam 35, 36 which extends at an
angle of approximately 45.degree. and which is connected to a
respective single mast 21, 22 at its ends remote from the
connecting blocks, The centre connecting block 33 is connected to
two beams 37, 38 which extend upwards in each case at an angle of
45.degree. to the crossbeam 28 and the ends of which, remote from
the connecting block 33, are each connected to one of the two
single masts 21, 22. The attachment of the beams 35, 36, 37, 38 to
the connecting blocks 32, 33, 34 will be described in detail with
reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. The means 39, 41, 42, 43 for connecting
the beams 35, 36, 37, 38 to the single masts 21, 22 correspond to
the means 44, 45, 46, 47 for connecting the beams 23, 24, 25, 26 to
the single masts 21, 22 and will be described in detail with
reference to FIG. 6.
[0040] FIG. 3 shows the connection of the crossbeam 28 to one of
the single masts 21. A fundamental component of the connecting
means used for this purpose is a respective composite anchor with a
core, one side of which is provided with a concave contact surface
for positioning the composite anchor against the single mast and
the opposing side is provided with tapped holes for a screw
connection. Provided on the contact surface are two parallel rows
with in each case four anchor pins which extend conically out of
the contact surface. Holes are provided as through holes for
fastening screws in the edges of the contact surface. Provided in
the single mast on each side for receiving a composite anchor 51,
52 are two vertical, parallel rows each with four recesses 53, the
cavity profile of which corresponds to the profile of the anchor
pins. To attach the composite anchor 51, 52 to the single mast 21
the composite anchor is inserted with the anchor pins into the
recesses and then tightly screwed with fastening screws which are
guided through the through holes.
[0041] Metal sheets 54, 55 as surface protection are tightly
screwed onto the squared timbers 29, 31 in the attachment region on
their sides facing the composite anchors. The squared timbers 29,
31 are then attached with two screws 56, 57 in each case to the
anchor cores. If U profiles, made of metal for example, are used
for the crossbeams instead of squared timbers, the metal sheets 54,
55 will not be required.
[0042] FIG. 4 shows the connection of the beams 36, 37 to the
crossbeam 28. The beams 36, 37 each consist of two halves
positioned one on top of the other, between which is introduced a
composite anchor 61, 62 of the type shown in FIG. 8, seats for the
anchor pins and the anchor core of the composite anchor 61, 62
being provided in each case in the end-face end of the inside
surfaces of the halves and the halves of the beam being glued when
the composite anchor is introduced. The composite anchor has on its
side facing the end face of the beam a tapped hole which is
accessible via an opening in the end face of the beam.
[0043] The connecting block 33 arranged between the squared timbers
29, 31 is a cuboid having a rectangular cross section. Along its
longitudinal axis, it has a slot and is attached between the
squared timbers 29, 31 by a screw bolt 63. Respective through holes
are also provided parallel to the two short centre axes of the
connecting block 33. It is thus possible to attach the beams 36, 37
to the connecting block 33 and thus to the crossbeam 28 by screw
bolts 64, 65 which are guided through the through holes and screwed
into the composite anchors 61, 62.
[0044] The connection of the beam 35 to the crossbeam 28 shown in
FIG. 5 is largely identical to that shown in FIG. 4 with the single
exception that only one beam 35 is connected to the connecting
block 32.
[0045] FIG. 6 shows the means for connecting the previously
described beams 3, 4, 23, 24, 25, 26, 35, 36, 37, 38 to the single
masts 1, 2, 21, 22. Each beam is configured in two parts like the
beams shown in FIG. 4, a respective composite anchor 73 in
identical form being introduced at its end-face end 72,
respectively facing the single mast 71. Six conical recesses 74 for
receiving the anchor pins of a composite anchor 75 are each made in
two parallel vertical rows in the single mast in its outer surface
facing the beam 72. The construction of the composite anchor 75
substantially corresponds to that described with reference to FIG.
4, but has a total of twelve anchor pins instead of eight and in
each case five instead of in each case three through holes in the
edges of the contact surface. Furthermore, the core body has a
vertical slot which is interrupted by a recess 76 in its side
facing the end of the beam 72. This type of anchor will be
described in detail with reference to FIG. 9a to 9d.
[0046] The anchor pins of the composite anchor 74 are introduced
into the recesses in the single mast, The composite anchor 74 is
then attached to the single mast by screws 75.
[0047] A hinge element 77 is held in the recess 76 in the composite
anchor 75 by a bolt 78 guided through the slot. The hinge element
has a web directed towards the end of the beam 72.
[0048] The composite anchor 73 is coupled with composite anchor 75
by a screw bolt 79 which is screwed into the composite anchor 73
and the head of which is also provided with an eye. The eyes in the
head of the bolt and in the hinge element 77 are then connected
together by a pin 81.
[0049] FIG. 7 shows the means for connecting the four beams 23, 24,
25, 26. A composite anchor 91, 92, 93, 94 is introduced in the
previously described manner into each end, facing the centre of the
cross, of each beam. These composite anchors are connected to a
circular disc 99 by screw bolts 95, 96, 97, 98 in the manner of the
screw bolt 79 from FIG. 6, which circular disc 99 has holes offset
in each case by 90.degree. in the circumferential direction, the
screw bolts being attached to the holes by pins 102.
[0050] FIG. 8 shows a composite anchor with a core 111 which has a
substantially square cross section. A tapped hole 112 is made in
the end face of the core 111. Arranged on all longitudinal sides
113, 114, 115, 116 of the core 111 are mutually parallel anchor
pins 117, the longitudinal axes of which form in each case an angle
of 45.degree. to the respective outer surface on which they are
arranged, the anchor pins 117 extending parallel to one another on
respectively two adjacent sides. The anchor pins 117 are configured
conically with a cross section tapering away from the core
[0051] The composite anchor shown in FIG. 9a to 9d substantially
differs from that shown in FIG. 8 in that its core 151, 151' only
has anchor pins 154 towards one side and webs 152, 153 are provided
on both sides of the core 151, 151' which, together with the core,
form a continuous, concave contact surface 155 on the side of the
anchor pins 154. The cross section of the core 151, 151' is
substantially semi-circular. The webs 152, 153 extend over the
entire length of the core 151, 151' and are each provided with five
through holes 156. The anchor core 151, 151' has a slot 157, 157'
in the direction of its longitudinal axis.
[0052] The semi-circular body of the anchor core does not extend
over the entire length of the composite anchor. Instead, it has two
spaced apart, but mutually aligning anchor parts 151, 151'. The
interruption in the anchor body serves as a seat for the previously
described hinge element which is held by a bolt inserted into the
slot 157, 157'.
* * * * *