U.S. patent application number 12/770949 was filed with the patent office on 2010-11-04 for promiseland boardgame.
Invention is credited to Shawn Mack.
Application Number | 20100276883 12/770949 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43029798 |
Filed Date | 2010-11-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100276883 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Mack; Shawn |
November 4, 2010 |
PROMISELAND BOARDGAME
Abstract
An entertainment and knowledge-based board game and method of
play concerning the twelve dispensations starting with the Garden
of Eden and ending with the Israelites entering into the Promise
Land, designed to promote Biblical knowledge and spiritual growth
in its players. The board game comprises a game board; God cards;
Grace cards; breastplates of righteousness; and gems; wherein the
game comprises Bible-related trivia questions; and a set of user
instructions. The trivia is related to the books of Genesis through
Joshua of the Old Testament.
Inventors: |
Mack; Shawn; (Greensboro,
NC) |
Correspondence
Address: |
RG Patent Consulting, LLC
8275 E. Bell Rd., Apt. 2134
Scottsdale
AZ
85260
US
|
Family ID: |
43029798 |
Appl. No.: |
12/770949 |
Filed: |
April 30, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61173992 |
Apr 30, 2009 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
273/243 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63F 9/18 20130101; A63F
2003/0011 20130101; A63F 3/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
273/243 |
International
Class: |
A63F 3/00 20060101
A63F003/00 |
Claims
1) A Bible-based board game comprising twelve dispensations
starting with the Garden of Eden and ending with the Israelites
entering into the Promise Land.
2) The game of claim 1 wherein said game promotes growth in the
knowledge of the Word of God.
3) The game of claim 2 wherein said game is playable by children
and adults.
4) The game of claim 2 wherein said game comprises pictorial
references as an indication of which dispensation at least one
player is in.
5) The game of claim 3 further comprising Bible-related trivia
questions.
6) The game of claim 5 further comprising God cards wherein said
God cards include directions.
7) The game of claim 6 further comprising redeemable Grace
cards.
8) The game of claim 7 further comprising a breastplate of
righteousness that indicates to the player which dispensation said
player is in and further comprises removably couplable gems
representing the twelve tribes of Israel.
9) The game of claim 2 further comprising a timing means whereby a
player is timed during a Bible reading period to locate an answer
to at least one trivia question related to the Old Testament.
10) The game of claim 9 wherein said game is directed to specific
books of the Word of God comprising Genesis through Joshua.
11) The game of claim 8 comprising game pieces including tree(s),
anointing horn(s), man of God, tablets, Noah's Arc(s), and Arc of
the Covenant(s).
12) The game of claim 1 wherein said twelve dispensations comprise:
the Garden of Eden; Noah's Ark; Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; Joseph;
Moses; Egypt; Exodus; the wilderness; The Law; tribes; battles;
Joshua; and the Promise Land.
13) A Bible-based board game comprising twelve dispensations
starting with the Garden of Eden and ending with the Israelites
entering into the Promise Land, wherein said game provides growth
in the knowledge of the Word of God; wherein said game is directed
to specific books of the Word of God comprising Genesis through
Joshua; wherein said game is playable by children and adults up to
a maximum of five players; wherein said game comprises pictorial
references as an indication of which dispensation at least one
player is in; wherein said game includes Bible-related trivia
questions; wherein said game includes God cards wherein said God
cards include directions; wherein said game includes redeemable
Grace cards; wherein said game includes at least one breast plate
of righteousness that indicates to the player which dispensation
he/she is in and further comprises removably couplable gems
representing the twelve tribes of Israel; and wherein said game
includes a timing means whereby a player is timed during a Bible
reading period to locate an answer to said Bible-related trivia
question(s).
14) The game of claim 13 further comprising a kit, wherein said kit
comprises: at least one game board; at least one said God card; at
least one said Grace card; at least one breastplate of
righteousness; at least one gem; wherein said game comprises
Bible-related trivia questions; at least one die; and a set of user
instructions.
15) The game of claim 14 further comprising a Bible.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The present application is related to and claims priority
from prior provisional application Ser. No. 61/173,992, filed Apr.
30, 2009 which application is incorporated herein by reference.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
[0002] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains
material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright
owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of
the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the
Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise
reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. 37 CFR 1.71(d).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] 1. Field of the Invention
[0004] The present invention relates generally to the field of
games and more specifically relates to board games relating to
Biblical trivia.
[0005] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0006] A board game is a game in which counters, pawns or pieces
are typically placed, removed, or moved on a pre-marked surface or
"board" according to a set of rules. Games may be based on chance,
strategy, diplomacy or a mixture of the three and usually have a
predetermined goal which at least one player aims to achieve. Early
traditional board games represented a battle between two armies.
Most current board games are still based on beating opposing
players in terms of counters, winning position or accrual of
points. Modernly, many games involve trivia in which players strive
to answer challenging questions correctly to advance in their play
or to garner points. The length of time it takes to learn to play
or master a game can vary greatly from game to game. Learning time
does not necessarily correlate with the amount or complexity of
rules; some games, such as chess, have simple rules that can still
lead to complex scenarios.
[0007] Games, as mentioned above, may contain trivia referring to
the three lower `Artes Liberales`, normally including at least
grammar, rhetoric and logic. Games such as Trivial Pursuit invented
by Mr. Scott Abbott became popular whereby game progress is
determined by a player's ability to answer general knowledge and
popular culture questions. The object of the games such as the
above example, Trivial Pursuit, is to move around the board by
correctly answering trivia questions. Questions from the particular
game mentioned are split into six categories, with each one having
its own color to identify it, these being Geography (blue),
Entertainment (pink), History (yellow), Arts & Literature
(brown), Science & Nature (green), and Sports & Leisure
(orange). The game includes a board, playing pieces, question cards
and a box with small plastic wedges to fit into the playing
pieces.
[0008] During the game, players move their playing pieces around a
track which is shaped like a wheel with six spokes. This track is
divided into spaces of different colors, and the centre of the
board is a hexagonal shape. At the end of each spoke is a `category
headquarters` space. When a player's counter lands on a square, the
player answers a question according to the color of the square,
which corresponds to one of the six question categories. If the
player answers this question correctly their turn continues; if the
player's piece was on one of the category headquarters spaces, they
collect a wedge of the same color, which fits into their playing
piece. Some spaces say `roll again` giving an extra roll of the die
to the player which has landed there. Any number of playing pieces
may occupy the same space at the same time. This game, although
very exciting to play may be difficult for younger individuals to
understand and play. A need exists for a trivia game suitable for
all ages to understand and play.
[0009] Many people may find games difficult. As well may people may
find reading non-fiction books difficult. Referring now to the
Bible which includes both the Old and New Testaments; the Bible
beginning with the story of `Creation` (found in Genesis) and
concluding with the `Revelation`, telling the inspired story of
"God's Word" through the ages. Many individuals read, study and
follow the teachings contained therein, as a guide for their
spiritual lives. The first books of the Bible describe the
Creation, the birth of man, the Flood, the Patriarchs, and the
Exodus of the Jewish nation from the Egyptian hands of slavery to
the Promise Land of Canaan led by Moses and into the Promise Land
by Joshua, Moses and Joshua being servants of God to lead the
Jewish nation. It is desirable that individuals of various ages
would have the opportunity to learn and memorize Biblical-related
trivia in an entertaining, yet meaningful way to seek spiritual
growth. A need exists for a game that would effectively teach
spiritual trivia to a range of ages.
[0010] Unfortunately, numerous board games on the market today
typically serve solely to entertain the players, while not fully
serving to educate individuals in `non-trivial` matters of life and
spirituality. These board games lack the challenging aspects that
promote a `more indepth` understanding of the Bible, its characters
and teachings.
[0011] Various attempts have been made to solve the above-mentioned
problems such as those found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,021,626,
5,743,528, 5,529,308, 5,224,862, and 1,562,025. This prior art is
representative of board games, however none portray a religious
board game with trivia questions relating to Bible teachings on the
dispensations starting with the Garden of Eden and ending at The
Promised Land. None of the above inventions and patents, taken
either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the invention
as claimed.
[0012] Ideally, a board game should be entertaining and
challenging, yet promote knowledge and be manufactured at a modest
expense. Thus, a need exists for an accurate Biblical
knowledge-based game to promote Biblical knowledge and spiritual
growth and to avoid the above-mentioned problems.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known
games art, the present invention provides a novel Biblical board
game designed to be entertaining and to promote Bible knowledge.
The general purpose of the present invention, which will be
described subsequently in greater detail is to promote Biblical
knowledge in an entertaining format.
[0014] The present Bible-based board game disclosed herein
comprises Old Testament material including the twelve dispensations
starting with the Garden of Eden and ending with the Israelites
entering into the Promise Land. The religious board game described
provides growth in the knowledge of the Word of God. Further the
game is directed to specific books of the Word of God comprising
Genesis through Joshua.
[0015] The game of the present invention is playable by children
and adults preferably up to a maximum of five players.
Additionally, the game comprises pictorial references as an
indication of which dispensation the player is in. The game
includes Bible-related trivia questions, God cards wherein the God
cards include directions, and redeemable Grace cards. Further, the
game includes a plurality of breastplate of righteousness' that
indicates to the player which dispensation he/she is in and further
comprises removably couplable gems representing the twelve tribes
of Israel. Furthermore, the game may include a timing means whereby
a player may be timed during a Bible reading period to locate an
answer to the Bible-related trivia question(s). In this way the
present invention promotes Bible reading and familiarity.
[0016] A kit is embodied herein for the Promise Land Board game
system comprising: at least one game board, at least one God card,
at least one Grace card, at least one die, at least one breast
plate of righteousness, and at least one gem. The Board game
comprises Bible-related trivia questions along with a set of user
instructions may be stored and transported within a box.
[0017] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention
a preferred method of playing a Bible-based board game and rules
are disclosed herein. Further, preferred components including game
pieces, a game board, the breastplate and the game book cover are
also described and shown with particularity.
[0018] The present invention holds significant improvements and
serves as a Biblical board game. For purposes of summarizing the
invention, certain aspects, advantages, and novel features of the
invention have been described herein. It is to be understood that
not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance
with any one particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, the
invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves
or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein
without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or
suggested herein. The features of the invention which are believed
to be novel are particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in
the concluding portion of the specification. These and other
features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will
become better understood with reference to the following drawings
and detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The figures which accompany the written portion of this
specification illustrate embodiments and method(s) of use for the
present invention, The Promise Land or The Promise.TM., constructed
and operative according to the teachings of the present
invention.
[0020] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view illustrating a game board
according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating game pieces for
use with the game board according to an embodiment of the present
invention of FIG. 1.
[0022] FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a breast plate of
righteousness and corresponding gemstones according to an
embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 1.
[0023] FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a book cover
according to an embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 1.
[0024] The various embodiments of the present invention will
hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings,
wherein like designations denote like elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] As discussed above, embodiments of the present invention
relate to a game and more particularly to a Biblical-based board
game as used to provide entertainment and to improve the Bible
knowledge of its players. In such a busy society, families don't
often get to sit down together for dinner, let alone enjoy a board
game for a night of fun. Young children and teenagers typically
want to go out with their friends, the parents are often resigned
to sitting in front of the television, as an entertainment means.
The Internet, video games and high tech toys have been distracting
families from spending quality time with each other for the last
few decades. The good, wholesome days of families congregating for
a night of conversation or listening to radio programs may have
passed, but there is still a need for interaction, communication
and learning in every family. Many children and adults may wish to
increase their knowledge of the Bible, but need a more entertaining
way to learn instead of merely reading and rereading the good book,
the present invention looks to meet these needs.
[0026] The Promise.TM. generally comprises a board game, a
Bible-based board game 100, based around the historical
recollection of the people of Israel leaving the bondage of Egypt
and entering The Promised Land. This novel Bible-based board game
100 takes players through the various obstacles that the people of
Israel encountered as they entered into the land God promised. The
present trivia game is ideal for players age eleven and up for a
simple and fun way to enrich their knowledge of the books of the
Bible including Genesis through Joshua.
[0027] Referring now to the drawings by numerals of reference there
is shown in FIG. 1, a game board 110 according to an embodiment of
the present invention. A Bible-based board game 100 is disclosed
herein preferably comprising twelve dispensations 120 starting with
the Garden of Eden 122 and ending with the Israelites entering into
The Promise Land 146, wherein Bible-based board game 100 provides
growth in the knowledge of the Word of God. More specifically
Bible-based board game 100 is directed to the books of the Bible
comprising Genesis through Joshua. Bible-based board game 100 is
playable by children and adults up to a maximum of five players. It
should be appreciated that in certain embodiments the number of
players may comprise different numbers greater than, or less than,
or equal to five players. It should also be appreciated that the
scope of questions in different embodiments may not be limited to
the books Genesis through Joshua. Further, it should be appreciated
that the `board-version` of the game may also be made electronic in
other embodiments.
[0028] Bible-based board game 100 within the preferred embodiment
shown comprises pictorial references as an indication of which
dispensation 120 at least one player is in, helpful when playing
according the method of play as described in further detail in this
document. Bible-based board game 100 includes Bible-related trivia
questions dealing with subject matter from the Old Testament.
Bible-based board game 100 includes God cards 150, God cards 150
including directions. Bible-based board game 100 also includes
redeemable Grace cards 160. Further, Bible-based board game 100
includes a plurality of breastplate of righteousness' 310, one of
which is shown in FIG. 3 that indicates to the player which
dispensation 120 he/she is in and further comprises gems 320
representing the twelve tribes of Israel. In certain embodiments
Bible-based board game 100 may include a timing means such as a
clock, watch, hourglass or other suitable timing means whereby a
player is timed during a Bible reading period to locate an answer
to at least one Bible-related trivia question. In this way the
present invention comprises an entertaining journey of Biblical
Truths that takes at least one player from the Garden of Eden 122
to The Promise Land 146. The Promise.TM. takes you through various
obstacles that the people of Israel encountered as they entered
into the land God promised, "The land flowing with milk and
honey."
[0029] The twelve dispensations 120 within the present game
preferably comprise: The Garden of Eden 122; Noah's Ark 124;
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob 126; Joseph 128; Moses 130 and Egypt 132;
Exodus 134; the wilderness 136; The Law 138; Tribes 140; Battles
142; Joshua 144; and the Promise Land 146, as shown. The twelve
dispensations 120 representing Old Testament `periods` and
memorable events made available to learn with ease by the game of
the present invention.
[0030] Referring now to FIG. 2, a perspective view illustrating
game pieces 210 for use with game board 110 according to an
embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 1. Game pieces 210 may
comprise symbols such as tree(s) 220, anointing horn(s) 222, man of
God 224 (Israelites), tablets 226 (Ten Commandments), Noah's Arc
228, Arc of the Covenant 230, and other such suitable symbols. Game
pieces 210 may be used to keep track of the relative position on
game board 110. Game pieces 210 may also be used as an educational
and decorative means. Game pieces 210 may comprise different colors
and sizes as shown.
[0031] Man of God 224 game piece(s) 210 may comprise various Old
Testament characters such as Adam, Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham,
Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, Joshua, and others. In this way
the present game may cause young children to enquire as to `who is
my game piece 210 ` ?, whereby a parent or other may explain to
them the story of the game piece 210 character. In another example
a child may ask why tablets 226 comprise letters (Roman Numerals)
and a more knowledgeable player may answer, "those symbolize the
Ten Commandments God gave to Moses for the Israelites to follow
that were written on stone tablets . . . ." In this way the present
game serves as an interactive educational medium and means, as each
game piece 210 has a story behind it. Additionally, game pieces 210
preferably relate to various important items as referenced to in
the Bible. Game pieces 210 may comprise plastic, rubber, paper
material, magnetic material manufactured in a substantially planar
shape suitable to be easily and efficiently stored during periods
of non-use. Each player chooses and plays with a recognizable game
piece 210.
[0032] Referring now to FIG. 3, showing a perspective view
illustrating breast plate of righteousness 310 and corresponding
gemstones 320 according to an embodiment of the present invention
of FIG. 1.
[0033] Ideally, breast plate of righteousness 310 comprises blank
spaces 330, as shown which may or may not have indicia such as
numbers and/or letters. The set of user instructions (Guide), as
shown, instructs the player(s) which order and direction to place
gemstones 320 on/in blank spaces 330 on breast plate of
righteousness 310. The relative arrangement of gemstones 320 is
designed to make an even number across breast plate of
righteousness 310 also preferably oriented so that they `flow` with
the contours of breast plate of righteousness 310. Blank spaces 330
may be blank or comprise numbers, symbols, colors or other indicia.
The flow of contour is represented by dotted lines. Further,
gemstones 320 may represent dispensations 120 including: The Garden
of Eden 122; Noah's Ark 124; Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob 126; Joseph
128; Moses 130 and Egypt 132; Exodus 134; the wilderness 136; The
Law 138; Tribes 140; Battles 142; Joshua 144; and the Promise Land
146, as also discussed in FIG. 1.
[0034] Breast plate of righteousness 310 in combination with
gemstones 320 serves two purposes. The first is to aid players in
knowing which dispensation(s) 120 that the player may have
successfully moved through; and each gemstone 320 may represent one
of the twelve tribes of Israel. Gemstones 320 are removably
couplable to Breast plate of righteousness 310.
[0035] FIGS. 1-3 in combination show the various components of
Bible-based board game 100, entitled The Promise.TM., as used to
play according to the method of play as shown and described
subsequently in this document. Bible-based board game 100 may be
manufactured and sold as kit 440 comprising the following parts: at
least one game board 110; at least one said God card 150; at least
one Grace card 160; at least one breastplate of righteousness 310;
at least one gem 320; wherein Bible-based board game 100 comprises
Bible-related trivia questions; dice; and a set of user
instructions. Bible-based board game 100 may be manufactured and
provided for sale in a variety of Bible-based
learning/entertainment versions and applications. Upon reading this
specification, it should be appreciated that, under appropriate
circumstances, considering such issues as design preference, user
preferences, marketing preferences, cost, structural requirements,
available materials, technological advances, etc., other kit
contents or arrangements such as, for example, including more or
less, different shaped game pieces, different color combinations
including game board, parts for example gems may be sold
separately, different trivia questions as related to religious
topics (both Old and New Testament-based), Bible(s), etc., may be
sufficient.
[0036] Referring now to FIG. 4, a perspective view illustrating
book cover 410 according to an embodiment of the present invention
of FIG. 1. Book cover 410 may comprise the design as shown. Book
cover 410 may be for use in enclosing the game box, on the user
instructions or other such enclosing means. Book cover 410
preferably comprises indicia for The Promise.TM., as shown.
[0037] Referring now to a method of playing The Promise.TM., a
friendly-competitive Bible-based board game 100 in which players
race to become the first to enter The Promised Land 146 by
correctly answering trivia questions and moving along the
designated path on game board 110. Bible-based board game 100 may
have multiple components for use with the present method, including
a die with the numbers one through five, along with a letter T,
(standing for trivia), individually located on each side. Game
pieces may include Ark of the Covenant 230, Ten Commandments
(tablets 226), tree 220, shofar (anointing horn 222), Noah's Ark
228 and an Israelite (Man of God 224). Various cards may be
included with the game including God cards 150, Grace cards 160 and
trivia cards 170. Grace cards 160 should be used strategically
since each player only gets a pre-determined number during a single
game. Also included are five Breastplates of Righteousness 310 and
five sets of gemstones 320, each set representing the twelve tribes
of Israel, all of which are preferably packaged within Bible-based
board game 100 in a box or other suitable transportable and
storable enclosure. Bible-based board game 100 comprises game board
110 and pawns (game pieces 210).
[0038] Bible-based board game 100 may be played as follows: to
start the game, each player starts out with one grace card 160 with
a maximum of five players being allowed to participate at once.
Each player chooses a game piece 210 and an order of turn may be
established by all players, preferably in a counter-clockwise
direction. Each player may roll the die on their turn and move the
correct number of `rolled` spaces according to the path on game
board 110. If a T is rolled in the start of the game the player
must roll until the die lands on a number. Further, the first
player is also responsible for giving out gemstones 320.
[0039] Gemstones 320 may be awarded when a player correctly answers
a trivia question, redeems a grace card 160 or when a player
chooses a God card 150 that allows them to advance to the next
dispensation 120. These are placed on one's Breastplate of
Righteousness 310 according to the guide, as shown in FIG. 3.
[0040] Upon landing within a dispensation 120, the player must
correctly answer a question or redeem a grace card 160 to proceed.
Players may not roll the die or move within the dispensation 120
until they have answered correctly or redeemed a grace card 160.
Questions may be asked by the person on the left of the player that
has pulled grace card 160. Players may redeem grace card 160 at any
time without ever answering a trivia question or when they have
answered incorrectly to advance to the next dispensation 120.
Players may also wait until their next turn for a chance to answer
another trivia question.
[0041] If a player rolls a T and has already correctly answered a
question for the current dispensation 120, they must answer another
question. A player may then receive a grace card 160 for a correct
answer or wait until their next turn to proceed if an incorrect
answer is given. If a player is on a god space 152 when they roll a
T, they may answer a trivia question for the next dispensation 120
and receive gemstones 320 for a correct answer. (God spaces 152
mark the end of one dispensation 120 and the start of a new
one).
[0042] If a player lands on a God space 152, they take a God card
150 off of the top of the pile and follow the direction on God card
150. If God card 150 indicates losing a turn, the player will be
skipped upon their next turn. When entering dispensation 120, if
one lands on a God space 152, they must answer a trivia question or
redeem a grace card 152 before choosing their God card 150.
[0043] Once the trivia question has been read in its entirety, a
timer, as described above is used to give players approximately
three minutes to answer. Players may use a King James Bible to find
the answer. Each player has three minutes to come up with an answer
or redeem a grace card 160 to proceed to the next dispensation 120.
If a player answers correctly, the reader confirms the answer by
reading it from the card along with the included reference. If an
incorrect answer is given, the reader may simply say "incorrect"
and place grace card 160 on the bottom of the pile.
[0044] The objective of The Promise.TM. is to be the first player
to correctly answer all required trivia questions and moving along
the specified path ultimately enter into the Promise Land. Play
continues until a participant has successfully answered all the
required questions and entered into The Promised Land 146. This
person is the winner.
[0045] It should be noted that the game steps described in the
method of use can be carried out in different orders and with
different rules according to user preference. Upon reading this
specification, it should be appreciated that, under appropriate
circumstances, considering such issues as design preference, user
preferences, marketing preferences, cost, structural requirements,
available materials, technological advances, etc., other methods of
use arrangements such as, for example, different orders within
above-mentioned list, elimination or addition of certain play
steps, including or excluding different game pieces, game boards,
etc., may be sufficient and still be covered by the scope of the
disclosed game.
[0046] The embodiments of the invention described herein are
exemplary and numerous modifications, variations and rearrangements
can be readily envisioned to achieve substantially equivalent
results, all of which are intended to be embraced within the spirit
and scope of the invention. Further, the purpose of the foregoing
abstract is to enable the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the
public generally, and especially the scientist, engineers and
practitioners in the art who are not familiar with patent or legal
terms or phraseology, to determine quickly from a cursory
inspection the nature and essence of the technical disclosure of
the application.
* * * * *